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S`rsmldn dn s`rvbabm i` nds `ltbidi`s nmadn`s Amfpdrtbr   3 F` sbrvbñ

 

3 Lm f` sbrvbñ

Y@FD 44  @N S@[QMLDN DN Q@[XBABM I@ NDQ @LYBIDI@Q NMADN@Q  @N S@[QMLDN DIFBLBQY[DYBXDQ. DN Q@[XBABM I@ NDQI@[@AGMQ, @LYBIDI@QI@K@[@Q NMADN@Q? AMLA@SYM R ANDQ@Q.   QBYPDABML@Q @ BLAMFSDYBKBNBIDI@Q BLY[MIPAABÑL  @n mko`tm i` `st` t`fd `s `n `stuibm i` nms prblabpdn`s rdsems adrdat`ræstbams i` nd hulabñl pÿknbad nmadn, `l `sp`abdn `n râebf`l ouræibam ouræiba m dpnbadkn` d nd mredlbzdabñl i` nd fbsfd tmfdlim amfm kds` nd lmrfdtbvd datudn `l nd fdt`rbd. Smst`rbmrf`lt` lms i`ibadr`fms dn dlänbsbs i` nms f`ibms i` s`n`aabñl i` nms r`aursms gufdlms `l `n äfkbtm i` nd Difblbstrdabñl pÿknbad nmadn. Amfm pdrt` i` `st` râebf`l ouræibam s` bltrmiua`l nds sbtudabml`s difblbstrdtbvds, tmids `nnds gda`l r`h`r`labd d ibstbltms supu`stms `l nms qu` pu`i` `lamltrdrs` nd r`ndabñl i`n hulabmldrbm pÿknbam aml su Difblbstrdabñl. Q`rä i`t`rfbldlt` pdrd uld amrr`atd dsbfbndabñl i`n t`fd, qu` `n mpmsbtmr pr`st` `sp`abdn dt`labñl d `s` dpdrtdim. Gdr`fms tdfkbâl uld r`h`r`labd dn râebf`l ouræibam dpnbadkn` dn p`rsmldn ndkmrdn y `v`ltudn i` nd Difblbstrdabñl pÿknbad nmadn, amfm amfpn`f`ltm i`n râebf`l ouræibam pr`ibadkn` i` nms hulabmldrbms pÿknbams.  Amltbludr`fms aml `n `stuibm i` nd hulabñl pÿknbad nmadn, dkmridlim `n râebf`l i` i`r`agms y i`k`r`s i` nms hulabmldrbms pÿknbams nmadn`s, blabib`lim `l `n sbst`fd i` s`eurbidi smabdn y `l `n râebf`l ibsabpnbldrbm dpnbadkn` amfm amls`au`labd amls`au`labd i`n blaufpnbfb`ltm i` nms n ms i`k`r`s blg`r`lt`s d nd amlibabñl i` hulabmldrbm  pÿknbam nmadn. Amfm amls`au`labd, amls`au`labd, dn hb hbldnbzdr ldnbzdr `n `stuibm i` `st` t`fd, y `l r`ndabñl aml nnms ms hulabmldrbms pÿknbams nmadn`s, `n mpmsbtmr i`k`rä s`r adpdz i` amlma`r?   Nd lmrfdtbvd käsbad käsbad dpnbadkn` dn p`rsmldn dn s`rvbabm i` nds Difblbstrdabml`s Nmadn`s Nmadn`s

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  Nds ibstbltds ands`s ands`s i` p`rsmldn y su oustbhbadabñl i`ltrm i`ltrm i` nd mredlbzdabñl i` nd hula hulabñl bñl pÿknbad

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  @n râebf`l ouræibam i` s` s`n`aabñl n`aabñl i` p`rsmldn

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  Nds ibstbltds ands`s i` sbtudabml`s difblbstrdtbvds difblbstrdtbvds dpnbadkn`s dn p`rsmldn hulabmldrbm, hulabmldrbm, su amla`ptm, adusds, iurdabñl y `h`atms

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  @n râebf`l ouræibam käsbam pr`ibadkn` pr`ibadkn` i`n p`rsmldn nd ndkmrdn kmrdn y `v`ltudn `v`ltudn

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  @n sbst`fd i` i`r`agms i`r`agms käsbam dpnbadkn` dn p`rsmldn p`rsmldn dn s`rvbabm i` nd Difblbstrdabñl Nmadn Nmadn

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  Nds pr`stdabml`s pr`stdabml`s i`n sbst`fd i` Q`eurbid Q`eurbidii Qmabdn y sus amlar`abml`s ppräatbads räatbads

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  Nms ibstbltms tbpms i` hdntds y nd ndss sdlabml`s ddpnbadkn`s pnbadkn`s

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4. ND HPLABÑL SßKNBAD NMADN? Q@N@AABÑL R M[EDLB_DABÑL  4.4.[@EPNDABÑL OP[ÆIBAD  Nd lmrfdtbvd r`eundimrd i` nd hulabñl pÿknbad nmadn s` `lau`ltrd r`amebid prblabpdnf`lt` `l nds sbeub`lt`s lmrfds?   

N`y 5/ 4270, i` ; i` dkrbn, [`eundimrd i` nds Kds`s i`n [âebf`l Nmadn 

 

N`y 13/ 4279, i` ; i` demstm, i` F`ibids Pre`lt`s pdrd nd [`hmrfd i` nd Hulabñl Sÿknbad  

 

[`dn I`ar`tm N`ebsndtbvm 574/ 4278, i` 47 i` dkrbn, pmr `n qu` s` dpru`kd `n Y`xtm [`hulibim `l fdt`rbd i` [âebf`l Nmadn 

 

N`y i` Hulabmldrbms Abvbn`s i`n @stdim i` 5 i` h`kr`rm i` 4289  

 

N`y 01/4279, i` ;8 i` ibab`fkr`, i` Blamfpdtbkbnbidi`s i`n p`rsmldn dn s`rvbabm i` nds Difblbstrdabml`s Sÿknbads 

 

N`ebsndabñl dutmlñfbad prmpbd 

 

[`dn I`ar`tm N`ebsndtbvm 4459/4275, i` 47 i` s`ptb`fkr`, smkr` `n râebf`l ouræibam i` nms hulabmldrbms pÿknbams i` nd Difblbstrdabñl Nmadn aml gdkbnbtdabñl i` adräat`r ldabmldn

 

[`dn I`ar`tm 728/ 4224, i` 5 i` oulbm, pmr `n qu` s` `stdkn`a`l nds r`ends käsbads y nms prmerdfds fælbfms d nms qu` i`k` doustdrs` `n prma`sm i` s`n`aabñl i` nms hulabmldrbms i` Difblbstrdabñl Nmadn 

 

[`dn I`ar`tm 784/ 4278, i` ;0 i` dkrbn, smkr` râebf`l i` r`trbkuabml`s i` nms hulabmldrbms i` nd Difblbstrdabñl Nmadn 

 

[`endf`ltm i` hulabmldrbms i` nd Difblbstrdabñl Nmadn i` 13 i` fdym i` 420; 

 

[`endf`ltm i`n râebf`l ibsabpnbldrbm i` nms hulabmldrbms i` nd Difblbstrdabñl Abvbn i`n @stdim i` 43 i` `l`rm i` 4278 

 

[`dn I`ar`tm 180/ 4220, i` 43 i` fdrzm, pmr `n qu` s` dpru`kd `n r`endf`ltm i` sbtudabml`s

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difblbstrdtbvds i` nms hulabmldrbms abvbn`s i` nd Difblbstrdabñl i`n @stdim   [`dn I`ar`tm 189/ 4220, i` 43 i` fdrzm, pmr `n qu` s` dpru`kd `n r`endf`ltm e`l`rdn i` bler`sm i`n p`rsmldn dn s`rvbabm i` nd Difblbstrdabñl E`l`rdn i`n @stdim y i` prmvbsbñl i` pu`stms i` trdkdom y prmfmabñl prmh`sbmldn i` nms Hulabmldrbms Abvbn`s i` nd Difblbstrdabñl E`l`rdn i`n @stdim  Mri`ldlzds Nmadn`s 

4.;. S@[QMLDN DN Q@[XBABM I@ NDQ @LYBIDI@Q NMADN@Q  @n p`rsmldn dn s`rvbabm i` nds @ltbidi`s nmadn`s `stä blt`erdim pmr?    

Hulabmldrbms i` adrr`rd 

 

Amltrdtdims `l râebf`l i` i`r`agm ndkmrdn

 

S`rsmldn `v`ltudn qu` i`s`fp`ôd pu`stms i` amlhbdlzd m ds`smrdfb`ltm `sp`abdn.  

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4.;.4. S`rsmldn hulabmldrbm  Qml hulabmldrbms i` nd Difblbstrdabñl Nmadn nds p`rsmlds vblaundids d `nnd pmr uld r`ndabñl i` s`rvbabms prmh`sbmldn`s y r`trbkubims, r`eundid pmr `n I`r`agm Difblbstrdtbvm.   Qml hulabmldrbms i` adrr`rd i` nd Difblbstrdabñl Nmadn nms qu`, `l vbrtui i` lmfkrdfb`ltm n`edn, i`s`fp`ô`l s`rvbabms i` adräat`r p`rfdl`lt` `l uld u ld @ltbidi nmadn, hbeur`l `l nds amrr`spmlib`lt`s pndltbnnds y p`rabkdl su`nims m dsbeldabml`s hbods aml adrem d nds amlsbeldabml`s i` p`rsmldn i`n Sr`supu`stm i` nds Amrpmrdabml`s.  Qml blt`rblms maupdl pu`stms pmr sbtudabml`s i` ure`labd y qu` a`sdlhulabmldrbms `l `n fmf`ltm `l qu`dqu`nnms nd pndzdqu` `s aukb`rtd pmr p`rsmldn hbom i` nd @ltbidi nmadnyml`a`sbidi `l `n fmf`ltm `l qu` i`sdpdr`a` `sd sbtudabñl i` l`a`sbidi m ure`labd.   4.;.;. S`rsmldn ndkmrdn  Nd s`n`aabñl i`n p`rsmldn ndkmrdn s` rbe` pmr nm `stdkn`abim `l `n drtæaunm 431 i` nd N`y 5/4270, i` ; i` dkrbn. Nd amltrdtdabñl ndkmrdn pu`i` s`r pmr tb`fpm bli`hblbim, b li`hblbim, i` iurdabñl i`t`rfbldid, d tb`fpm pdrabdn, y i`fäs fmidnbidi`s pr`vbstds `l nd n`ebsndabñl ndkmrdn. @n râebf`l i` tdn`s r`ndabml`s s`rä, `l su blt`erbidi, `n `stdkn`abim `l nds n ds lmrfds i` I`r`agm Ndkmrdn.

4.;.1. S`rsmldn `v`ltudn  Smiräl s`r i`s`fp`ôdims pmr p`rsmldn `v`ltudn i`t`rfbldims pu`stms i` trdkdom i` adräat`r ibr`atbvm, blanubims `l nd r`ndabñl i` pu`stms i` trdkdom i` nd Amrpmrdabñl, i` dau`rim aml nm qu` ibspmledl nds lmrfds qu` ibat` `n @stdim pdrd su amlh`aabñl amlh`aabñl.. @l `stms supu`stms, `n p`rsmldn `v`ltudn i`k`rä r`ulbr nds amlibabml`s `sp`aæhbads `sp`aæhbads qu` s` `xbodl d nms hulabmldrbms qu` pu`idl i`s`fp`ôdr ibagms pu`stms.

4.1. SNDLYBNNDQ  Nds pndltbnnds, qu` i`k`räl amfpr`li`r tmims nms pu`stms i` trdkdom i`kbidf`lt` andsbhbadims r`s`rvdims d hulabmldrbms, p`rsmldn ndkmrdn y `v`ltudn, s` dprmkdräl dludnf`lt` aml madsbñl i` nd dprmkdabñl i`n Sr`supu`stm y gdkräl i` r`spmli`r d nms prblabpbms `lulabdims `l `n drtæaunm 23.4 i` nd N`y 5/4270, i` ; i` dkrbn. D `nnds s` ulbräl nms dlt`a`i`lt`s, `stuibms y imauf`ltms dar`ibtdtbvms i` qu` s` doustdl d nms f`labmldims prblabpbms. Nds pndltbnnds pmiräl s`r dfpnbdids `l nms sbeub`lt`s supu`stms?  

Audlim `n blar`f`ltm i`n edstm qu`i` amfp`lsdim f`ibdlt` nd r`iuaabñl i` mtrds ulbidi`s m adpætunms i` edstms amrrb`lt`s lm dfpnbdkn`s.

 

Qb`fpr` qu` `n blar`f`ltm i` nds imtdabml`s s`d amls`au amls`au`labd `labd i`n `stdkn`abfb`ltm m dfpnbdabñl i` s`rvbabms i` adräat`r mknbedtmrbm qu` r`sunt`l bfpu`stms pmr ibspmsbabml`s n`edn`s.

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Nm `stdkn`abim `l `st` dpdrtdim s`rä sbl p`roubabm i` nds nbfbtdabml`s `sp`aæhbads amlt`lbids `l n`y`s `sp`abdn`s m amyulturdn`s. Nd fmibhbadabñl i` nds pndltbnnds iurdlt` nd vbe`labd i`n Sr`supu`stm r`qu`rbrä `n aufpnbfb`ltm i` nms trdfbt`s `stdkn`abims pdrd nd fmibhbadabñl i` dquân. Nds r`ndabml`s i` nms pu`stms i` trdkdom, qu` t`liräl t `liräl `l tmim adsm `n amlt`lbim pr`vbstm `l nd n`ebsndabñl  käsbad smkr` hulabñl pÿknbad, ss`` amlh`aabmld amlh`aabmldräl räl aml drr`enm d nds lmrfds pr`vbstds pr`vbstds `l `n drtæaunm 23.; 23.; i` nd N`y 5/4270, i` ; i` dkrbn.

 

Pld v`z dprmkdid nd pndltbnnd y nd r`ndabñl i` pu`stms i` trdkdom, s` r`fbtbrä ampbd d nd Difblbstrdabñl i`n @stdim y, `l su adsm, d nd i` nd Amfulbidi Dutñlmfd r`sp`atbvd, r`sp`atbvd, i`ltrm i`n pndzm i` tr`bltd iæds, sbl  p`roubabm i` su puknbadabñl puknbadabñl ælt`erd ælt`erd `l `n Kmn`tæl Mhbabdn i` nd Srmvblabd, oultm aaml ml `n r`suf`l i`n Sr`supu`stm. Nds Amrpmrdabml`s nmadn`s dprmkdräl y puknbadräl dludnf`lt`, i`ltrm i`n pndzm i` ul f`s i`si` nd dprmkdabñl i` su Sr`supu`stm, nd mh`rtd i` `fpn`m pÿknbam pdrd `n dôm amrr`spmlib`lt`, doustälims` d nd n`ebsndabñl käsbad i`n @stdim smkr` hulabñl pÿknbad y d nms n ms arbt`rbms qu` r`endf`ltdrbdf`lt` s` `stdkn`zadl `l i`sdrrmnnm i` nd lmrfdtbvd käsbad `stdtdn pdrd su i`kbid ammribldabñl aml nds mh`rtds i` `fpn`m i`n r`stm i` nds Difblbstrdabml`s Sÿknbads.  Lm pmirä lmfkrdrs` lmfkrdrs` p`rsmldn blt`rblm pdrd pndzds qu` qu` lm s` gdy gdydl dl blanubim `l nd mh`rtd mh`rtd i` `fpn`m ppÿknbam, ÿknbam, sdnvm audlim s` trdt` i` vdadlt`s r`dnf`lt` prmiuabids aml pmst`rbmrbidi d su dprmkdabñl. @n p`rsmldn qu` mst`ltdr` nd amlibabñl i` blt`rblm a`sdrä dutmfätbadf`lt` dn tmfdr pms`sbñl amfm hulabmldrbms i` adrr`rd nms dspbrdlt`s dprmkdims `l nd r`sp`atbvd amlvmadtmrbd. Qñnm pmirä prma`i`rs` dn lmfkrdfb`ltm i`n lu`vm p`rsmldn blt`rblm pdrd nds pndzds qu` amltblÿ`l vdadlt`s uld v`z amlanubims nms amrr`spmlib`lt`s amrr`spmlib` lt`s prma`sms s`n`atbvms. 4.9 AMFS@Y@LABDQ [@Q@[XDIDQ DN EMKB@[LM Amrr`spmli` dn Emkb`rlm, d prmpu`std i`n Fblbstrm i` Difblbstrdabml`s Sÿknbads?  

@stdkn`a`r nms næfbt`s fäxbfms y fælbfms i` nds r`trbkuabml`s amfpn`f`ltdrbds i` nms hulabmldrbms i` Difblbstrdabñl Nmadn.

 

@stdkn`a`r næfbt`s i` adräat`r e`l`rdn d nms edstms i` p`rsmldn i` nds @ltbidi`s nmadn`s, sbl p`ro p`roubabm ubabm i` nms qu` pu`idl `stdkn`a`rs` `l nds N`y`s i` Sr`supu`stms E`l`rdn`s i`n @stdim m `l mtrds N`y`s.

 

@stdkn`a`r nds lmrfds käsbads `sp`abhbads i` nd adrr`rd difblbstrdtbvd, `sp`abdnf`lt` `l audltm s` r`hb`r` d nd prmfmabñl y fmvbnbidi.

 

Dprmkdr nms i`fäs prmy`atms i` lmrfds käsbads i` dpnbadabñl d nd hulabñl pÿknbad nmadn qu` i`kdl r`v`stbr nd hmrfd i` [`dn I`ar`tm.

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4.0.AMFS@Y@LABDQ 4.0.AMFS@Y@LAB DQ [@Q@[XDIDQ DN FBLBQY@[BM I@ DIFBLBQY[DABML@Q SßKNBADQ Amrr`spmli` dn Fblbst`rbm i` Difblbstrdabml`s Sÿknbads?   @stdkn`a`r nds lmrfds aml drr`enm d nds audn`s gdydl i` amlh`aabmldrs` `l nds @ltbidi`s nmadn`s nds r`ndabml`s i` pu`stms i` trdkdom, nd i`sarbpabñl i` pu`stms i` trdkdom tr dkdom tbpm y nds amlibabml`s r`qu`rbids pdrd su ar`dabñl. •

 

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@l r`ndabñl aml nms hulabmldrbms aml gdkbnbtdabñl i` adräat`r ldabmldn?

4¿. @n i`sdrrmnnm i` su râebf`l n`edn e`l`rdn. ;¿. Nd amlvmadtmrbd i` nds pru`kds s`n`atbvds pdrd `n daa`sm d nms aursms pdrd nd mkt`labñl i` nd gdkbnbtdabñl y nd dprmkdabñl i` nds kds`s y prmerdfds amrr`spmlib`lt`s. 1¿. Nd `xp`ibabñl i` nms tætunms t ætunms dar`ibtdtbvms i` nd gdkbnbtdabñl i` adräat`r ldabmldn d qub`l`s sup`r`l nms aursms i` hmrfdabñl.

 

9¿. @n `stdkn`abfb`ltm i` nds lmrfds käsbads i` nms amlaursms pdrd nd prmvbsbñl i` nds pndzds r`s`rvdids d hulabmldrbms aml gdkbnbtdabñl i` adräat`r ldabmldn, blanuy`lim nms fârbtms e`l`rdn`s i` pr`a`ptbvd vdnmrdabñl. 0¿ . Nds daufundabml` daufundabml`ss y amfbsbml`s i` s`rvbabm i` hulabmldrbms aml gdkbnbtdabñl i` adräat`r ldabmldn, audlim `xa`idl i`n äfkbtm t`rrbtmrbdn i` uld Amfulbidi Dutñlmfd 8¿. Damridr nd i`stbtuabñl i`n adrem m nd s`pdrdabñl i`n s`rvbabm i` nms hulabmldrbms aml gdkbnbtdabñl i` adräat`r ldabmldn pr`vbm `xp`ib`lt` blstrubim dn `h`atm `l nd hmrfd pr`vbstd `l nms drtæaunms 492 y 403 i` `std N`y. 4.8. AMFS@Y@LABDQ I@ NMQ Ñ[EDLMQ I@ ND AM[SM[DABÑL NMADN Amrr`spmli` d nms ñredlms i` nd Amrpmrdabñl nmadn, s`eÿl nd ibstrbkuabñl i` amfp`t`labds pr`vbstd `l nd N`y 5/4270, i` ; i` dkrbn, nds r`stdlt`s amfp`t`labds `l fdt`rbd i` p`rsmldn d su s`rvbabm y, `l pdrtbaundr, nds sbeub`lt`s?  

Nd dprmkdabñl i` pndltbnnds y r`ndabml`s i` pu`stms i` trdkdom t rdkdom y sus fmibhbadabml`s.

 

@n `stdkn`abfb`ltm i` `sadnds, suk`sadnds y ands`s i` hulabmldrbms y nd andsbhbadabñl i` nms fbsfms.

 

Nd i`t`rfbldabñl i`n prma`ibfb`ltm i` bler`sm `l nds Quk`sadnds i` Difblbstrdabñl @sp`abdn. @sp`abdn.

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Nms dau`rims i` nds Amrpmrdabml`s qu` v`rs`l smkr` `stds fdt`rbds i`k`räl s`r amfulbadims am fulbadims dn Fblbst`rbm i` Difblbstrdabml`s Sÿknbads, y dn ñredlm amfp`t`lt` `l fdt`rbd i` râebf`l r âebf`l nmadn i` nd Amfulbidi Dutñlmfd, i`ltrm i`n pndzm i` tr`bltd iæds, d pdrtbr i`n sbeub`lt` d nd h`agd i` su dimpabñl, y sbl p`roubabm i`n i`k`r e`l`rdn i` amfulbadabñl i` dau`rims d qu` s` r`hb`r` `n drtæaunm 08.4 i` nd N`y 5/4270, i` ; i` dkrbn.  4.5. DITPBQBABÑL I@ ND AMLIBABÑL I@ HPLABMLD[BM  Nd amlibabñl i` hulabmldrbm i` adrr`rd s` diqub`r` pmr `n aufpnbfb`ltm sua`sbvm i` nms sbeub`lt`s r`qubsbtms? d) Qup`rdr nds pru`kds i` s`n`aabñl y, `l su adsm, nms aursms i` hmrfdabñl pr`a`ptbvms.  k) Lmfkrdfb`ltm amlh`rbim amlh`rbim pmr nd dutmrbidi dutmrbidi amfp`t`lt`. a) Sr`stdr ourdf`ltm m prmf`sd pr mf`sd `l nd hmrfd n`ednf`lt` `stdkn`abid. i) Ymfdr pms`sbñl i`ltrm i`n pndzm s`ôdndim r`endf`ltdrbdf`lt`. Sdrd s`r difbtbim d nds pru`kds pdrd `n daa`sm d nd Hulabñl Sÿknbad nmadn s`rä l`a`sdrbm?  

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Q`r `spdômn.

 

Y`l`r aufpnbims ib`abmagm dôms i` `idi, y lm `xa`i`r i` dquânnd `l qu` hdnt`l f`lms i` ib`z dôms  pdrd nd oukbndabñl oukbndabñl hmrzmsd pmr `id `idii i`t`rfbldid pmr nd n`ebsndabñl käs käsbad bad `l fdt`rbd i` hulabñl hulabñl  pÿknbad.

 

@stdr `l pms`sbñl i`n tætunm `xbebkn`, m `l amlibabml`s i` mkt`l`rnm, `l nd h`agd `l qu` t`rfbl` `n  pndzm i` pr`s`ltdabñl pr`s`ltdabñl i` blstdl blstdlabds, abds, `l adi adidd adsm.

 

 Lm pdi`a`r `lh`rf`idi `lh`rf`idi m i`h` i`h`atm atm hæsbam qu` bfpbid ``nn i`s`fp`ôm i` nds amrr`spmlib`lt`s amrr`spmlib`lt`s hulabml`s.

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 Lm gdk`r sbim s`pdrdim, f`ibd f`ibdlt` lt` `xp`ib`lt` ibsabpnbldrbm, i`n s`rvba s`rvbabm bm dn @stdim, d nds nds Amfulbidi`s Dutñlmfds, m d nds @ltbidi`s nmadn`s, lb gdnndrs` blgdkbnbtdim b lgdkbnbtdim pdrd `n `o`rababm i` hulabml`s pÿknbads.

4.7. SÂ[IBID I@ ND AMLIBABÑL I@ HPLABMLD[BM Nd amlibabñl i` hulabmldrbm i` adrr`rd i` nd n d Difblbstrdabñl nmadn s` pb`ri` `l vbrtui i` dneuld i` nds adusds sbeub`lt`s?   [`lulabd.

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  Sâribid i` nd ldabmldnbidi `spdômnd.

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  Qdlabñl ibsabpnbldrbd ibsabpnbldrbd i` ss`pdrdabñl `pdrdabñl i`n s`rvbabm.

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  Smr bfpmsbabñl i` nd p`ld i` i` blgdkbnbtdabñl dksmnutd m blgdkbnbtdabñl blgdkbnbtdabñl `sp`abdn.

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  Smr oukbndabñl oukbndabñl hmrzmsd m vmnultdrbd vmnultdrbd..

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Nd r`lulabd d nd amlibabñl i` hulabmldrbm lm blgdkbnbtd pdrd lu`vm bler`sm dn s`rvbabm i` nd Difblbstrdabñl nmadn. @l `n adsm i` r`aup`rdabñl i` nd ldabmldnbidi `spdômnd s` pmirä smnbabtdr nd r`gdkbnbtdabñl i` nd audnbidi i` hulabmldrbm i` nd Difblbstrdabñl nmadn. Nd pâribid i` nd amlibabñl i` hulabmldrbm, tb`l` adräat`r i`hblbtbvm, sbl p`roubabm i` nms supu`stms i` r`gdkbnbtdabñl. Nd r`ndabñl hulabmldrbdn a`sd iurdlt` `n tb`fpm i` nd amli`ld d nd p`ld i` susp`lsbñl i` adrem pÿknbam. Nd oukbndabñl i` nms hulabmldrbms t`lirä nuedr?   Hmrzmsdf`lt` Hmrzmsdf`lt` pmr aufp aufpnbfb`ltm nbfb`ltm i` nd `idi.

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  I` mhbabm m d p`tbabñl i`n blt`r`sdim, blt`r`sdim, pmr bladpdabidi p`rfdl`lt` p`rfdl`lt` pdrd `n `o`rababm i` ssus us hulabml`s.

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  D blstdlabd i`n blt`r`sdim, pmr gdk`r aufpnbim s`s`ltd s`s`ltd dôms i` `idi y gdk`r amfpn`tdim tr`bltd dôms i` s`rvbabms `h`atbvms. •

Nd oukbndabñl hmrzmsd s` i`andrdrä i` mhbabm dn aufpnbr `n hulabmldrbm nms s`s`ltd y ablam dôms i` `idi. 4.2. M[EDLB_DABÑL Nd hulabñl pÿknbad nmadn s` mredlbzd mr edlbzd `l?  

Hulabmldrbms aml gdkbnbtdabñl i` adräat`r ldabmldn

 

Hulabmldrbms sbl gdkbnbtdabñl i` adräat`r ldabmldn

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4.2.4. Ibspmsbabml`s amful`s d nms hulabmldrbms i` adrr`rd  4.2.4. D) Hulabml`s pÿknbads  Qml hulabml`s pÿknbads, auym aufpnbfb`ltm qu`id r`s`rvdim `xanusbvdf`l `xanusbvdf`lt` t` d p`rsmldn suo`tm dn `stdtutm hulabmldrbdn, nds qu` bfpnbqu`l `o`rababm i` dutmrbidi, nds i` h` pÿknbad y ds`smrdfb`ltm ds`smrdfb`ltm n`edn pr`a`ptbvm, nds

 

i` amltrmn y hbsadnbzdabñl blt`rld i` nd e`stbñl `amlñfbam-hbldlab`rd y pr`supu`stdrbd, nds i` i`  amltdkbnbidi  amltdkbnbidi y t`smr`ræd y, `l e`l`rdn, dqu`nnds qu` s` r`s`rv`l r `s`rv`l d nms hulabmldrbms pdrd nd f`omr edrdltæd i` nd mko`tbvbidi, bfpdrabdnbidi ` bli`p`li`labd `l `n `o`rababm i` nd hulabñl. Qml hulabml`s pÿknbads l`a`sdrbds `l tmids nds Amrpmrdabml`s nmadn`s, auyd r`spmlsdkbnbidi difblbstrdtbvd `stä r`s`rvdid d hulabmldrbms aml gdkbnbtdabñl i` adräat`r ldabmldn?   Nd i` Q`ar`tdræd, amfpr`lsbvd amfpr`lsbvd i` nd h` pÿknbad y `n ds`smrdfb`ltm ds`smrdfb`ltm n`edn pr`a`ptbvm.

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  @n amltrmn y nd hbsadnbzdabñl blt`rld i` nd e`stbñl `amlñfbam-hbldlab`rd `amlñfbam-hbldlab`rd y pr`supu`stdrbd y nd am amltdkbnbidi, ltdkbnbidi,

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t`smr`ræd y r`aduidabñl. Nd r`spmlsdkbnbidi difblbstrdtbvd i` nds hulabml`s i` amltdkbnbidi, t`smr`ræd y r`aduidabñl pmirä s`r dtrbkubid d fb`fkrms i` nd Amrpmrdabñl m hulabmldrbms sbl gdkbnbtdabñl i` adräat`r ldabmldn, `l dqu`nnms supu`stms `xa`pabmldn`s `xa`pabmldn`s `l qu` dsæ s` i`t`rfbl` pmr nd n`ebsndabñl i`n @stdim.

4.2.4. K) [`trbkuabml`s  Nds r`trbkuabml`s käsbads i` nms hulabmldrbms nmadn`s t`liräl nd fbsfd `struaturd ` biâltbad audltæd qu` nds `stdkn`abids aml adräat`r e`l`rdn pdrd tmid nd hulabñl pÿknbad. Nds r`trbkuabml`s amfpn`f`ltdrbds s` dt`liräl, dsbfbsfm, d nd `struaturd y arbt`rbms i` vdnmrdabñl mko`tbvd i` nds i`n r`stm i` nms hulabmldrbms pÿknbams. Qu audltæd enmkdn s`rä hbodid pmr `n Sn`lm i` nd Amrpmrdabñl i`ltrm i` nms næfbt`s fäxbfms y fælbfms qu` s` s`ôdn`l pmr `n @stdim. Nds Amrpmrdabml`s nmadn`s r`hn`odräl dludnf`lt` `l sus pr`supu`stms nd audltæd i` nds r`trbkuabml`s i` sus hulabmldrbms `l nms târfblms pr`vbstms `l nd n`ebsndabñl käsbad smkr` hulabñl pÿknbad.

4.2.4. A) Omrldid i` trdkdom  Nd omrldid i` trdkdom i` nms hulabmldrbms i` nd Difblbstrdabñl nmadn s`rä `l amfputm dludn nd fbsfd qu` s` hbo` pdrd nms hulabmldrbms i` nd Difblbstrdabñl Abvbn i`n @stdim. Q` n`s dpnbadräl nds fbsfds lmrfds smkr` `qubvdn`labd y r`iuaabñl i` omrldid.

4.2.4.I) I`r`agm i` pdrtbabpdabñl Nd pdrtbabpdabñl i` nms hulabmldrbms, d trdvâs i` sus mredlbzdabml`s sblibadn`s, `l nd i`t`rfbldabñl i` sus amlibabml`s i` `fpn`m, s`rä nd `stdkn`abid aml adräat`r e`l`rdn pdrd tmids nds Difblbstrdabml`s Sÿknbads `l `n @stdtutm käsbam i` nd hulabñl puknbad.

4.2.4. @) Hmrfdabñl  @n Blstbtutm Ldabmldn i` Difblbstrdabñl Sÿknbad i`sdrrmnndrä aursms i` p`rh`aabmldfb`ltm, `sp`abdnbzdabñl `sp`abdnbzdabñl y  prmfmabñl pdrd nms hulabmldrbms dn ss`rvbabm `rvbabm i` nds @ltbidi @ltbidi`s `s nmadn`s, y amndkmrdrä `l ibagds ibagds hulabml`s aml nms Blstbtutms m @sau`nds i` hulabmldrbms i` nds Amfulbidi`s Dutñlmfds, dsæ amfm aml nds blstbtuabml`s i` `st` tbpm qu` dau`ri`l amlstbtubr nds prmpbds Amrpmrdabml`s. Amrpmrdabml`s.

4.2.4. H) Suknbabidi i` nds amlvmadtmrbds   Nms dlulabms i` stms amlvmadtmrbds pru`kds i`nbadrs` daa`sm`ld`nnd Kmn`tæl hulabñlM pÿknbad nmadn y i` amlaursms pdrd nd  prmvbsbñl i` pu`stms pu` i` trdkdom trdkdom i` i`k`räl puk puknbadrs` Mhbabdn hbabdn i`n @stdim.

 

Nds kds`s s` puknbadräl `l `n Kmn`tæl Mhbabdn i` nd Srmvblabd, sdnvm nds r`ndtbvds d nds amlvmadtmrbds i`  pru`kds s`n`atbvds s`n`atbvds pdrd nd mkt`l mkt`labñl abñl i` nd gd gdkbnbtdabñl kbnbtdabñl i` adräa adräat`r t`r ldabmldn, qu` ss`` puknbadräl ``ll `n Kmn`tæl Mhbabdn i`n @stdim.

4.2.;. Hulabmldrbms aml gdkbnbtdabñl i` adräat`r ldabmldn   4.2.4. D) Gdkbnbtdabñl  Nd s`n`aabñl, hmrfdabñl y gdkbnbtdabñl i` nms hulabmldrbms aml gdkbnbtdabñl i` adräat`r ldabmldn amrr`spmli` dn Blstbtutm Ldabmldn i` Difblbstrdabñl Sÿknbad, amlhmrf` d nds kds`s y prmerdfds dprmkdims r`endf`ltdrbdf`lt`. Smirä i`sa`ltrdnbzdrs` t`rrbtmrbdnf`lt` nd r`dnbzdabñl i` nds pru`kds i` s`n`aabñl pdrd `n daa`sm d nms aursms i` hmrfdabñl `l r`ndabñl aml nds Amrpmrdabml`s i` i`t`rfbldim lbv`n i` pmkndabñl, `l nms târfblms qu` `stdkn`zad nd Difblbstrdabñl i`n @stdim. @n Blstbtutm Ldabmldn i` Difblbstrdabñl Sÿknbad i`k`rä `lamf`lidr, `lamf`lidr, f`ibdlt` amlv`lbm, d nms Blstbtutms m @sau`nds i` hulabmldrbms i` nds Amfulbidi`s Dutñlmfds qu` dsæ nm smnbabt`l, nd hmrfdabñl, pmr i`n`edabñl, i` nms hulabmldrbms qu` i`k`l mkt`l`r uld gdkbnbtdabñl i` adräat`r ldabmldn. Tub`l`s gdydl mkt`lbim nd gdkbnbtdabñl bler`sdräl `l nd Hulabñl Sÿknbad Nmadn y `stdräl n`ebtbfdims pdrd  pdrtbabpdr `l nms amlaursms amlaursms i` f fârbtms ârbtms amlvmad amlvmadims ims pmr nd prmvbsbñl i` nds pndzds m pu`stms i` trdkdom r`s`rvdims d `stms hulabmldrbms `l nds pndltbnnds i` adid `ltbidi nmadn.

4.2.4. K) Srmvbsbñl i` pu`stms r`s`rvdims   @n amlaursm s`rä `n sbst`fd lmrfdn i` prmvbsbñl i` pu`stms i` trdkdom y `l ân s` t`liräl `l au`ltd nms fârbtms e`l`rdn`s, `ltr` nms qu` hbeurdl nd pms`sbñl i` ul i`t`rfbldim erdim p`rsmldn, nd vdnmrdabñl i`n trdkdom i`sdrrmnndim, nms aursms i` hmrfdabñl y p`rh`aabmldfb`ltm p`r h`aabmldfb`ltm sup`rdims sup`rdims y nd dltbeþ`idi: nms fârbtms amrr`spmlib`lt`s amrr`spmlib` lt`s dn amlmabfb`ltm i` nds `sp`abdnbidi` `sp`abdnbidi`ss i` nd mredlbzdabñl t`rrbtmrbdn i` adid Amfulbidi Dutñlmfd y i` nd lmrfdtbvd dutmlñfbad, y nms fârbtms `sp`aæhbams ibr`atdf`lt` r`ndabmldims aml nds adrdat`ræstbads i`n pu`stm. Nms fârbtms e`l`rdn`s s`räl i` pr`a`ptbvd vdnmrdabñl `l tmim adsm, s` i`t`rfbldräl pmr nd Difblbstrdabñl i`n @stdim, y su pultudabñl dnadlzdrä `n 80% i`n tmtdn pmsbkn` amlhmrf` dn kdr`fm amrr`spmlib`l amrr`spmlib`lt`. t`. Lm r`ebrä `std nbfbtdabñl audlim lm s` `stdkn`zad `stdkn`zadll mtrms fârbtms. Nms fârbtms Dutñlmfd amrr`spmlib`lt`s amlmabfb`ltm i` ndss` `sp`abdnbidi`s i`Amfulbidi nd mredlbzdabñl t`rrbtmrbdn i` nd nd Amfulbidi y i` sudnlmrfdtbvd `sp`aæhbad hbodrä pmr adid Dutñlmfd, y su  pultudabñl pmirä pmirä dnadlzdr gd gdstd std ul 43% i`n tmtdn ppmsbkn`. msbkn`. Nms fârbtms `sp`aæhbams s` pmiräl i`t`rfbldr pmr adid Amrpmrdabñl nmadn, y su pultudabñl dnadlzdrä gdstd ul ;0% i`n tmtdn pmsbkn`. Nds Amrpmrdabml`s nmadn`s dprmkdräl nds kds`s i`n amlaursm, aml blanusbñl i` nms fârbtms `sp`aæhbams qu`  pu`idl `stdkn`a`r `stdkn`a`r nms i`t`rfbld i`t`rfbldims ims pmr su Am Amfulbidi fulbidi Dutñlmfd Dutñlmfd,, dsæ amfm `n amlmabfb`ltm amlmabfb`ltm i` nd n`leud mhbabdn prmpbd i` nd fbsfd `l nms târfblms pr`vbstms `l nd n`ebsndabñl dutmlñfbad r`sp`atbvd. Nms Sr`sbi`lt`s i` nds Amrpmrdabml`s nmadn`s `h`atudräl nds amlvmadtmrbds i` nms amlaursms y nds r`fbtbräl r `fbtbräl d nds amrr`spmlib`lt`s Amfulbidi`s Dutñlmfds pdrd su puknbadabñl sbfuntäl`df`lt` `l nms ibdrbms mhbabdn`s, i`ltrm i` nms pndzms hbodims r`endf`ltdrbdf`lt`. Dsbfbsfm, `n Fblbst`rbm Fb lbst`rbm i` Difblbstrdabml`s Sÿknbads  puknbadrä `l `n `n Kmn`tæl Mhbabdn i`n @stdi @stdimm `xtrdatm i` nds fbsfds, qu` s` s`rvbrä rvbrä i` kds` pdrd `n añfputm i`  pndzms.

 

Nds r`smnuabml`s i` nms amlaursms s` `h`atudräl pmr nds Amrpmrdabml`s nmadn`s y s` r`fbtbräl dn Fblbst`rbm i` Difblbstrdabml`s Sÿknbads, qub`l pr`vbd ammribldabñl i` nds fbsfds pdrd `vbtdr nd pnurdnbidi sbfuntäl`d i` diouibadabml`ss d hdvmr i` ul fbsfm amlaursdlt`, prma`i`rä d hmrfdnbzdr nms lmfkrdfb`ltms, qu` s`räl diouibadabml` mko`tm i` puknbadabñl `l nms ibdrbms mhbabdn`s i` nds Amfulbidi`s Dutñlmfds y `l `n Kmn`tæl Mhbabdn i`n @stdim. @n Fblbst`rbm i` Difblbstrdabml`s Difblbstrdabml`s Sÿknbads `h`atudrä, supn`tmrbdf`lt`, `l hulabñl i` nms fârbtms e`l`rdn`s y nms i` vdnmrdabñl dutmlñfbad y i` dau`rim aml nds Amfulbidi`s Dutñlmfds r`sp`atm i`n r`qubsbtm i` nd n`leud, nd amlvmadtmrbd dludn i` nms pu`stms i` trdkdom vdadlt`s r`s`rvdims r`s`rvdims d hulabmldrbms i` Difblbstrdabñl Nmadn aml gdkbnbtdabñl i` adräat`r ldabmldn qu` i`kdl prmv``rs` f`ibdlt` amlaursm y qu` s` `lau`ltr`l `l dneuld i` nds n ds sbeub`lt`s sbtudabml`s?   Dqu`nnms pu`stms qu`, `lamlträlims` `lamlträlims` vdadlt` vdadlt`s, s, lm gukb`s`l sbim amlvmadims pmr nds Amrpmrda Amrpmrdabml`s bml`s Nmadn`s `l `n amlaursm mribldrbm. •

  Dqu`nnms pu`stms qu`, gdkb`lim gdkb`lim sbim amlvmadims `l `n amlaursm mribldrbm, mribldrbm, s` gukb`s`l qu`idim i`sb`rtms i`sb`rtms..

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  Dqu`nnms pu`stms qu`, qu`, gdkb`lim sbim blanubims blanubims `l `n amlaursm mribldrbm, mribldrbm, lm s` gukb`rdl diouibad diouibadim im pmr nd Amrpmrdabñl Nmadn pmr mtrds adusds. •

  Dqu`nnms pu`stms auyds auyds Amrpmrdabml`s Nmadn`s smnbabt`l `xpr` `xpr`sdf`lt` sdf`lt` su blanusbñl, d p`sdr i` gdk`r r`suntdim vdadlt`s aml pmst`rbmrbidi d nd amlvmadtmrbd i`n amlaursm mribldrbm. Nd smnbabtui i` nd blanusbñl i` lu`vms pu`stms `l `n amlaursm ulbtdrbm s` `h`atudrä pmr `n Sr`sbi`lt` i` nd Amrpmrdabñl qu` nd `lvbdrä d nd •

Ibr`aabñl E`l`rdn pdrd nd Difblbstrdabñl Nmadn i`n Fblbst`rbm Fb lbst`rbm i` Difblbstrdabml`s Sÿknbads. @xa`pabmldnf`lt`, @xa`pabmldnf` lt`, pmiräl aukrbrs` pmr `n sbst`fd i` nbkr` i`sbeldabñl, `ltr` gdkbnbtdims i` adräat`r ldabmldn i` nd suk`sadnd y adt`emræd amrr`spmlib`lt`s, nms pu`stms d `nnms r`s`rvdims qu` s` i`t`rfbl`l `l nds r`ndabml`s i` pu`stms i` trdkdom. Ibagm sbst`fd sñnm pmirä dimptdrs`, `l dt`labñl dn adräat`r ibr`atbvm i` sus hulabml`s m d nd `sp`abdn r`spmlsdk r`spmlsdkbnbidi bnbidi qu` dsufdl, r`sp`atm i` nms pu`stms `l Ibputdabml`s Srmvblabdn`s, Adkbnims y Amls`oms Blsundr`s, Dyultdfb`ltms, adpbtdn`s i` Amfulbidi Dutñlmfd m i`  prmvblabd y i` fulbabpbm aml pmk pmkndabñl ndabñl sup`rbmr d 433.333 433.333 gdkbtdlt` gdkbtdlt`s, s, sb`fpr` qu` t`ledl dsbeldim dsbeldim lbv`n 13 i` amfpn`f`ltm i` i`stblm. D nms hulabmldrbms a`sdims `l nms fbsfms fb sfms s` n`s edrdltbzdrä ul pu`stm i` trdkdom t rdkdom i` su suk`sadnd y adt`emræd `l nd Amrpmrdabñl, qu` i`k`rä hbeurdr `l su r`ndabñl i` pu`stms i` trdkdom. tr dkdom. Nds kds`s i` nd amlvmadtmrbd pdrd aukrbr `stms pu`stms s`räl dprmkdids pmr `n Sr`sbi`lt` i` nd Amrpmrdabñl y amlt`liräl nd i`lmfbldabñl y r`qubsbtms blibsp`lsdkn`s pdrd i`s`fp`ôdrnms. Nd amlvmadtmrbd, qu` s` r`dnbzdrä aml nms r`qubsbtms i` puknbabidi i` nms amlaursms, y nd r`smnuabñl, pr`vbd amlstdtdabñl i` nd amlaurr`labd i` nms r`qubsbtms `xbebims `l nd amlvmadtmrbd, amrr`spmli` amrr`spmli`ll dn Sr`sbi`lt` i` nd Amrpmrdabñl, qub`l idrä au`ltd i` `std ÿntbfd dn Sn`lm i` nd fbsfd. Nd tmfd i` pms`sbñl i`t`rfbld nd diqubsbabñl i` nms n ms i`r`agms y i`k`r`s hulabmldrbdn`s blg`r`lt`s d nd sbtudabñl `l datbvm, pdsdlim d i`p`li`r `n hulabmldrbm i` nd amrr`spmlib`lt` Amrpmrdabñ Amrpmrdabñl, l, sbl p`roubabm p `roubabm i` nd hdauntdi ibsabpnbldrbd i` i`stbtuabñl i`n adrem y i` i ` s`pdrdabñl i`hblbtbvd i`n s`rvbabm qu` qu`id r`s`rvdid `l tmim adsm d nd Difblbstrdabñl i`n @stdim. @l tmim adsm, `l `std ÿntbfd Difblbstrdabñl s` nn`vdrä ul [`ebstrm r`ndtbvm d nms hulabmldrbms nmadn`s aml gdkbnbtdabñl ldabmldn, `l `n qu` i`k`räl blsarbkbrs`, pdrd su `h`atbvbidi, tmids nds blabi`labds y sbtudabml`s i` ibagms hulabmldrbms. 4.2.4. A) Mredlbzdabñl 

 

@l tmids nds @ltbidi`s nmadn`s `xbstbrä, dn f`lms, ul pu`stm i` trdkdom qu` t`led dtrbkubid nd r`spmlsdkbnbidi difblbstrdtbvd i` nd hulabñl i` Q`ar`tdræd, amfpr`lsbvd i` nd h` pÿknbad y `n ds`smrdfb`ltm ds`smrdfb`ltm n`edn pr`a`ptbvm.  Lm mkstdlt` nm ibspu`stm ibspu`stm `l ``nn pärrdhm dlt`rbmr, r`endf`ltd r`endf`ltdrbdf`lt` rbdf`lt` s` i`t`rfbldrä i`t`rfbldräll pmr nd Difblbstrda Difblbstrdabñl bñl i`n @stdim nms supu`stms, r`qubsbtms y amlibabml`s `l qu` prma`id nd derupdabñl i` Fulbabpbms u mtrds @ltbidi`s nmadn`s d `h`atms i` smst`lbfb`ltm `l amfÿl i` ibagm pu`stm i` trdkdom qu`, `l tdn adsm, s`rä ul  pu`stm ÿlbam pdrd pdrd `n amloultm i` nms Fulbabpbms m @l @ltbidi`s tbidi`s derupd derupdids. ids. Ydn`s derupdabml`s derupdabml`s s`räl s`räl damridids  pmr `n ñredlm amfp`t`lt` amfp`t`lt` i` nd rr`sp`atbvd `sp`atbvd Amful Amfulbidi bidi Dutñlmfd, ddnn qu` amrr`spmli amrr`spmli`` dsbfbsfm nd andsbhbadabñl i` nms pu`stms r`suntdlt`s i` nd fbsfd. fb sfd. Nd Difblbstrdabñl i`n @stdim i`t`rfbldrä nms supu`stms, r`qubsbtms y amlibabml`s qu`s`nms Fulbabpbms u mtrds @ltbidi`s nmadn`s qu` adr`zadl i` f`ibms pdrd smst`l`r `n pu`stm i` trdkdom t rdkdom d`lqu` r`hb`r` `n pärrdhm  prbf`rm y lm s` gdnn`l derupdims d tdn `h`atm d mtrms, qqu`idräl u`idräl ibsp`lsdims i` nd mknbedabñl i` smst`l`r ibagm pu`stm auyds hulabml`s s`räl, `l tdn adsm, `o`rabids pmr nms s`rvbabms i` dsbst`labd amrr`spmlib`lt`s m f`ibdlt` daufundabñl, `l nd hmrfd qu` s` `stdkn`zad r`endf`ltdrbdf`lt`

D) Q`ar`tdræd  Nd hulabñl i` nd Q`ar`tdræd amfpr`li` amfpr`li`??   @n ds`smrdfb`ltm ds`smrdfb`ltm n`edn pr`a`ptbvm i` nd Amrpmrda Amrpmrdabñl, bñl, dsæ amfm i` su Sr`sbi`la Sr`sbi`labd bd y Amfbsbml`s.

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  Nd h` pÿknbad i` tmims nms datms y dau`rims.

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@n dnadla` y amlt`lbim i` nd `xpr`sdid hulabñl s`rä i`t`rfbldim r`endf`ltdrbdf`l r`endf`ltdrbdf`lt` t` pmr nd Difblbstrdabñl i`n @stdim.

K) Blt`rv`labñl @l nds @ltbidi`s nmadn`s `l qu` dsæ s` `stdkn`zad r`endf`ltdrbdf`lt` pmr nd Difblbstrdabñl i`n @stdim, `xbstbrä dn f`lms ul pu`stm i` trdkdom ibstbltm i`n dlt`rbmr qu` t`led dtrbkubid nd r`spmlsdkbnbidi difblbstrdtbvd i` nds hulabml`s i` amltrmn y hbsadnbzdabñl blt`rld i` nd e`stbñl `amlñfbam-hbldlab`rd y  pr`supu`stdrbd  pr`supu`stdr bd y i` nd amltdkbnbidi, aml `n dnad dnadla` la` y amlt`lbim qu` `l dqu` dqu`nnds nnds lmrfds s` i`t`rfbl`. i`t`rfbl`. @l nds r`stdlt`s @ltbidi`s nmadn`s `sds hulabml`s hmrfdräl pdrt` i` nds n ds hulabml`s qu` n`ednf`lt` amrr`spmli`l d nms pu`stms i` trdkdom i` Q`ar`tdræd.

A) Y`smr`ræd  @l i`t`rfbldids @ltbidi`s nmadn`s `xbstbrä tdfkbâl ul pu`stm i` trdkdom `sp`aæhbam qu` t`led dtrbkubid nd nd r`spmlsdkbnbidi difblbstrdtbvd i` nds hulabml`s i` t`smr`ræd, qu` blanuy` `n fdl`om y austmibd i` hmlims y vdnmr`s i` nd @ltbidi, y r`aduidabñl, qu` bfpnbad nd O`hdturd i` nms Q`rvbabms amrr`spmlib` amrr`spmlib`lt`s, lt`s, aml `n dnadla` y amlt`lbim qu` s` i`t`rfbl`l r`endf`ltdrbdf`lt` pmr nd Difblbstrdabñl i`n @stdim. @n hulabmldrbm aml gdkbnbtdabñl i` adräat`r ldabmldn qu` i`s`fp`ô` ibagm pu`stm i` trdkdom, tr dkdom, dlt`s i` `ltrdr `l pms`sbñl i`n fbsfm, i`k`rä amlstbtubr hbdlzd `l nd hmrfd pr`vbstd pmr nds ibspmsbabml`s vbe`lt`s. Beudn mknbedabñl dnadlzdrä d audnqub`r mtrm hulabmldrbm m fb`fkrm i` nd Amrpmrdabñl qu`, s` gded adrem i` nd r`spmlsdkbnbidi dlt`rbmr. Aml bli`p`li`labd i` nms pu`stms i` trdkdom fælbfms r`s`rvdims d hulabmldrbms aml gdkbnbtdabñl i` adräat`r ldabmldn dlt`rbmr`s, nds Amrpmrdabml`s nmadn`s, `l nms târfblms qu` r`endf`ltdrbdf`lt` s` i`t`rfbl`l pmr nd Difblbstrdabñl i` @stdim, pmiräl ar`dr mtrms pu`stms i` trdkdom r`s`rvdims r `s`rvdims beudnf`lt` beudnf`lt` d hulabmldrbms qu`  pms`dl ibagd ibagd gdkbnbtdabñl, auy auydd andsbhbadabñl amrr`spmli`rä amrr`spmli`rä d nds Amfulbidi`s Dutñ Dutñlmfds lmfds    . .

 

4.2.1. Hulabmldrbms sbl gdkbnbtdabñl i` adräat`r ldabmldn  Nms hulabmldrbms i` adrr`rd i` nd Difblbstrdabñl nmadn qu` lm t`ledl gdkbnbtdabñl i` adräat`r ldabmldn s` blt`erdräl `l nds `sadnds i` Difblbstrdabñl E`l`rdn y Difblbstrdabñl @sp`abdn i` adid Amrpmrdabñl, qu` qu`idräl derupdids derupdids amlhmrf` d nm ibspu`stm `l nd n`ebsndabñl käsbad i`n @stdim smkr` hulabñl pÿknbad, `l nms erupms qu` âst` i`t`rfbl`, i` dau`rim aml nd tbtundabñl `xbebid pdrd su bler`sm.

4.2.1. D) @sadnds  Nd @sadnd i` Difblbstrdabñl E`l`rdn s` ibvbi` `l nds Quk`sadnds sbeub`lt`s?   Yâalbad.

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  Difblbstrdtbvd.

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  Duxbnbdr.

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  Qukdnt`rld.

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Nd @sadnd i` Difblbstrdabñl @sp`abdn s` ibvbi` `l nds Quk`sadnds sbeub`lt`s?   Yâalbad.

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  I` s`rvbabms `sp`abdn`s. Nd ar`dabñl i` @sadnds, Quk`sadnds y ands`s i` hulabmldrbms y nd andsbhbadabñl i` nms fbsfms i`ltrm i` adid uld i` `nnds, s` gdrä pmr adid Amrpmrdabñl, i` dau`rim aml nm pr`vbstm `l nd N`y. •

Nd prmvbsbñl i` pu`stms i` trdkdom qu`, i` amlhmrfbidi aml nd r`ndabñl dprmkdid, `stâl r`s`rvdims m pu`idl s`r i`s`fp`ôdims pmr hulabmldrbms i` adrr`rd, s` r`ebrä pmr nds lmrfds qu`, `l i`sdrrmnnm i` nd n`ebsndabñl  käsbad `l fdt`rbd fdt`rbd i` hulabñl pÿ pÿknbad knbad nmadn, ibat` nd Difblbstrdabñl i`n @s @stdim. tdim.

D) @sadnd i` Difblbstrdabñl E`l`rdn Amrr`spmli` d nms hulabmldrbms i` nd @sadnd i` Difblbstrdabñl E`l`rdn `n i`s`fp`ôm i` nds hulabml`s amful`s dn `o`rababm i` nd datbvbidi difblbstrdtbvd. @l amls`au`labd, amls`au`labd, nms pu`stms i` trdkdom  pr`imfbldlt`f`lt`  pr`imfbldlt`f` lt` kurmarätbams gdkräl gdkräl i` s`r i`s`fp`ôdims i`s`fp`ôdims pmr hulabmldrbms Yâa Yâalbams, lbams, Difblbstrdtbvms m Duxbnbdr`s i` Difblbstrdabñl E`l`rdn. Nd Difblbstrdabñl i`n @stdim hbodrä nms arbt`rbms i` pmkndabñl, andsbhbadabñl i` nd Q`ar`tdræd r`sp`atbvd y i`fäs qu` sbrvdl pdrd nd i`t`rfbldabñl i` nds Amrpmrdabml`s `l qu` pu`idl `xbstbr pu`stms i` trdkdom d i`s`fp`ôdr pmr hulabmldrbms i` adid uld i` nds Quk`sadnds i` nd @sadnd i` Difblbstrdabñl E`l`rdn.   S`rt`l`a`räl S`rt`l`a`räl d nd Quk`sadnd Yâalbad i` Difblbstrdabñl E`l`rdn, nms hulabmldrbms qu` r`d r`dnba`l nba`l tdr`ds i` e`stbñl, `stuibm y prmpu`std i` adräat`r difblbstrdtbvm i` lbv`n sup`rbmr.

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  S`rt`l`a`räl S`rt`l`a`räl d nd Quk`sadnd Difblbstrdtbvd i` Di Difblbstrdabñl fblbstrdabñl E`l`rdn, nms hulabm hulabmldrbms ldrbms qu` r`dnba`l tdr`ds difblbstrdtbvds, lmrfdnf`lt` i` träfbt` y amndkmrdabñl. •

  S`rt`l`a`räl S`rt`l`a`räl d nd Quk`sadnd Duxbnbdr i` Difblbstrda Difblbstrdabñl bñl E`l`rdn, nms hulabmldrbms qqu` u` r`dnba`l tdr`ds i` f`adlmerdhæd, tdquberdhæd, i`spdagm i` amrr`spmli`labd, amrr`spmli`labd, aänaunm s`labnnm, fdl`om i` fäqublds, dragbvm i` imauf`ltms y mtrms sbfbndr`s.

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  S`rt`l`a`räl S`rt`l`a`räl d nd Quk`sadnd i` Qukd Qukdnt`rlms nt`rlms i` Difblbstrdabñl E`l`rdn, nms hulabmldrbms hulabmldrbms qu` r`dnba`l tdr`ds i` vbebndlabd y austmibd blt`rbmr i` mhbablds, dsæ amfm fbsbml`s i` Amls`ro`, Pob`r, Smrt`rm u mtrds dlänmeds `l `ibhbabms y s`rvbabms i` nd Amrpmrdabñl. •

 

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Smirä `stdkn`a`rs` nd lmrfdtbvd di`audid pdrd qu` nms pu`stms i` trdkdom dtrbkubims dtrb kubims d `std Quk`sadnd  pu`idl s`r s`r i`s`fp`ôdims pmr hulabmldrbms i` s`rvbabms `sp `sp`abdn`s `abdn`s qu`, ppmr mr `idi u mtrds rdzml`s, t`ledl ibsfblubid su adpdabidi pdrd fbsbml`s i` pdrtbaundr `shu`rzm m p`lmsbidi, p`rm qu` amls`rv`l nd r`qu`rbid pdrd nds tdr`ds i` Qukdnt`rlm.

Nd s`n`aabñl i` nms hulabmldrbms d qu` s` r`hb`r` `n lÿf`rm dlt`rbmr s` doustdrä d nds sbeub`lt`s r`ends?   @n bler`sm `l nd Quk`sadnd Quk`sadnd Yâalbad s` gdrä pm pmrr mpmsbabñl nbkr` y s` pr`absdrä `stdr `stdr `l pms`sbñl i`n tætunm i` Nba`labdim `l I`r`agm, `l Ab`labds Smnætbads, @amlñfbads m @fpr`sdrbdn`s, Blt`li`lt` F`radltbn m Datudrbm. •

 

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 Lm mkstdlt`, s` r`s`rvdräl pdrd prmfmabñl blt`rld ``nn ;0% i` nms pu`stms pu`stms i` trdkdom pdrd Difblbstrdtbvms i` nd prmpbd Amrpmrdabñl qu` pms`dl nd tbtundabñl tb tundabñl blibadid, au`lt`l, amfm fælbfm, aml ablam dôms i` s`rvbabms `l nd Quk`sadnd i` prma`i`labd y sup`r`l nds pru`kds s`n`atbvds amrr`spmlib`lt`s.

  @n bler`sm `l nd Quk`sadnd Quk`sadnd Difblbstrdtbvd s` gdrä pmr mpms mpmsbabñl babñl nbkr`, y s` pr`absdrä `stdr `l pms`sbñl i` i`nn tætunm i` Kdagbnn`r, Hmrfdabñl Srmh`sbmldn i` s`eulim erdim, m `qubvdn`lt`. •

 

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 Lm mkstdlt`, s` r`s`rvdräl pdrd prmfmabñl blt`rld ``nn 03% i` nms pu`stms pu` stms i`qu` trdkdom `xbst`lt`s pdrd nms p`rt`l`ab`lt`s d nd Quk`sadnd i` Duxbnbdr`s i` Difblbstrdabñl E`l`rdn pms`dl nd tbtundabñl blibadid, y au`lt`l aml ablam dôms i` s`rvbabms `l nd Quk`sadnd.

 

@n bler`sm `l nd Quk`sadnd Duxbnbdr s` gdrä pmr mpmsbabñl nbkr`, aml `xbe`labd, `l tmim adsm, i` tætunm i` Erdiudim @samndr, Hmrfdabñl Srmh`sbmldn i` prbf`r erdim, m `qubvdn`lt`.

 

@n bler`sm `l nd Quk`sadnd Qukdnt`rld s` gdrä pmr amlaursm, mpmsbabñl m amlaursm-mpmsbabñl nbkr`, s`eÿl dau`rim i` nd Amrpmrdabñl, y aml `xbe`labd i`n a`rtbhbadim i` `samndrbidi.

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K) Difblbstrdabñl @sp`abdn  Y`liräl nd amlsbi`rdabñl i` hulabmldrbms i` Difblbstrdabñl @sp`abdn nms qu` t`ledl dtrbkubim `n i`s`fp`ôm i` nds hulabml`s qu` amlstbtuy`l `n mko`tm p`aunbdr i` uld adrr`rd, prmh`sbñl, drt` u mhbabm. Nms pu`stms i` trdkdom d i`s`fp`ôdr pmr hulabmldrbms i` s`rvbabms `sp`abdn`s pmiräl `xbstbr `l audnqub`r ands` i` Amrpmrdabñl. @n p`rsmldn qu` hmrf` pdrt` i` nms s`rvbabms i` blhmrfätbad i` nds Amrpmrdabml`s Nmadn`s, qu` lm r`sunt` blanubim `l nds Quk`sadnds i` Difblbstrdabñl E`l`rdn, s`rä andsbhbadim s`eÿl nd ldturdn`zd i` su `sp`abdnbidi y nms tætunms `xbebims pdrd su bler`sm, `l nd ands` qu` amrr`spmlid i` nds Quk`sadnds Yâalbads m i` Q`rvbabms @sp`abdn`s. S`rt`l`a`räl d nd Quk`sadnd Yâalbad i` Difblbstrdabñl @sp`abdn, nms hulabmldrbms qu` i`sdrrmnn`l tdr`ds qu` sml mko`tm i` uld adrr`rd pdrd auym `o`rababm `xbe`l nds n`y`s n` y`s `stdr `l pms`sbñl i` i`t`rfbldims tætunms dadiâfbams m prmh`sbmldn`s. @l dt`labñl dn adräat`r y lbv`n i`n tætunm `xbebim, ibagms hulabmldrbms s` ibvbi`l `l Yâalbams Qup`rbmr`s, F`ibms y Duxbnbdr`s, y, d su v`z, adid ands` pmirä amfpr`li`r ibstbltds rdfds y `sp`abdnbidi`s.

 

@n bler`sm `l `std Quk`sadnd s` gdrä pmr mpmsbabñl, amlaursm m amlaursm-mpmsbabñl nbkr`, s`eÿl dau`ri` nd Amrpmrdabñl r`sp`atbvd, y s` r`qu`rbrä `stdr `l pms`sbñl i`n tætunm dadiâfbam m prmh`sbmldn amrr`spmlib`lt` amrr`spmlib` lt` d nd ands` m `sp`abdnbidi i` qu` s` trdt`: tmim `nnm sbl p`roubabm i` nds lmrfds qu`  pu`id ibatdr nd Difblbstrdabñl i`n @s @stdim, tdim, `l usm ii`` nd dutmrbzdabñl amlt`lbid `l `n drtæaunm 433.; i` nd N`y 5/4270, i` ; i` dkrbn. @l tmim adsm, nd prmvbsbñl i` pndzds i` Fâibams i` nd K`l`hba`labd Srmvblabdn pmirä gda`rs` i` dau`rim aml su r`eundabñl `sp`aæhbad m f`ibdlt` nms prma`ibfb`ltms r`eundims `l `st` drtæaunm. S`rt`l`a`räl d nd Quk`sadnd i` Q`rvbabms @sp`abdn`s, nms hulabmldrbms qu` i`sdrrmnn`l tdr`ds qu` r`qub`rdl uld dptbtuis `sp`aæhbad, y pdrdi`t`rfbldims. auym `o`rababm lm s` `xbod, aml adräat`r e`l`rdn, nd pms`sbñl i` tætunms dadiâfbam dadiâfbams m prmh`sbmldn`s Q` amfpr`li`räl `l `std Quk`sadnd, y sbl p`roubabm i` nds p`aunbdrbidi`s i` adid Amrpmrdabñl, nds sbeub`lt`s ands`s?  

Smnbaæd Nmadn y sus duxbnbdr`s.

 

Q`rvbabm i` @xtblabñl i` Bla`libms.

 

Sndzds i` Amf`tbims @sp`abdn`s.

 

S`rsmldn i` Mhbabms.

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@n bler`sm `l nd Quk`sadnd i` Q`rvbabms @sp`abdn`s s` gdrä pmr mpmsbabñl, amlaursm m amlaursmmpmsbabñl nbkr`, s`eÿl dau`ri` nd Amrpmrdabñl r`sp`atbvd, sbl p`roubabm i` nm qu` ibspmledl nds lmrfds `sp`aæhbads i` dpnbadabñl d nms hulabmldrbms i` Smnbaæd Nmadn y i`n Q`rvbabm i` @xtblabñl i` Bla`libms. Q` amfpr`li`räl `l nd ands` i` amf`tbims `sp`abdn`s dn p`rsmldn i` nds n ds Kdlids i` Fÿsbad y nms r`stdlt`s hulabmldrbms qu` r`dnba`l tdr`ds i` adräat`r pr`imfbldlt`f`lt` lm fdludn, `l nds ibv`rsds rdfds m s`atmr`s i` datudabñl i` nds Amrpmrdabml`s Nmadn`s, sukibvbibâlimnds `l adt`emræds, s`eÿl `n lbv`n i` tbtundabñl `xbebim. Q` blt`erdräl `l nd ands` i` S`rsmldn i` Mhbabms, nms hulabmldrbms qu` r`dnba`l tdr`ds i` adräat`r  pr`imfbldlt`f`lt`  pr`imfbldlt`f` lt` fdludn, `l nm nmss ibv`rsms s` s`atmr`s atmr`s i` datud datudabñl abñl i` nds Amrpmrdabml`s Amrpmrdabml`s Nmadn`s, Nmadn`s, r`h`rbids d ul i`t`rfbldim mhbabm, bliustrbd m drt`. Q` andsbhbadräl, i`ltrm i` adid mhbabm, bliustrbd m drt`, `l @ladredim, Fd`strm, Mhbabdn, Dyuidlt` D yuidlt` y Mp`rdrbm, s`eÿl `n erdim i` r`spmlsdkbnbidi m i` `sp`abdnbzdabñl, `sp`abdnbzdabñl, y sb`lim l`a`sdrbm, `l tmim adsm,  pms``r nd tbtundabñl tbtundabñl `xbebid pdrd `n ble bler`sm, r`sm, amlhmrf` d nm ibspu`stm pmr nd n`ebsndabñl käsbad käsbad i` hulabñl pÿknbad.

;. QBYPDABML@Q DIFBLBQY[DYBXDQ I@ NMQ HPLABMLD[BMQ SßKNBAMQ NMADN@Q  Nms hulabmldrbms pu`i`l gdnndrs` `l dneuld i` nds sbeub`lt`s sbtudabml`s difblbstrdtbvds?   m  m  m  m  m  m  m  m

Q`rvbabm datbvm. Q`rvbabms `sp`abdn`s. Q`rvbabm `l Amfulbidi`s Dutñlmfds. @xp`atdtbvd i` i`stblm. @xa`i`labd @xa`i`la bd hmrzmsd. @xa`i`labd @xa`i`la bd pdrd `n aubidim i` gboms. @xa`i`labd @xa`i`la bd vmnultdrbd pmr s`rvbabms `l `n s`atmr pÿknbam. @xa`i`labd @xa`i`la bd vmnultdrbd pmr blt`râs pdrtbaundr.

 

  m  m 

m

@xa`i`labd vmnultdrbd pmr derupdabñl hdfbnbdr. @xa`i`labd @xa`i`labd @xa`i`la bd vmnultdrbd bla`ltbvdid. Qusp`lsbñl i` hulabml`s.

;.4. Q@[XBABM DAYBXM Nms hulabmldrbms s` gdnndl `l sbtudabñl i` s`rvbabm datbvm? d) Audlim i`s`fp`ô`l ul pu`stm qu`, amlhmrf` d nd amrr`spmlib`lt` r`ndabñl i` pu`stms i` trdkdom, `stâ disarbtm d nms hulabmldrbms amfpr`libims `l `n äfkbtm i` dpnbadabñl i` nd N`y 13/4279, i` ; i` demstm, i` F`ibids pdrd nd [`hmrfd i` nd Hulabñl Sÿknbad.  k) Audlim i`s`fp`ô`l i`s`fp`ô`l pu` pu`stms stms `l nds Amrp Amrpmrdabml`s mrdabml`s Nma Nmadn`s dn`s m nds Plbv` Plbv`rsbidi`s rsbidi`s pÿknbads pÿknbads qu`  pu`idl s`r s`r maupdims pm pmrr nms hulabmldrbms aamfpr`libims mfpr`libims `l `n äfkbtm i` dpnbadabñl dpnbadabñl i` nd N`y 13/4279, i` ; i` demstm, i` F`ibids pdrd nd [`hmrfd i` nndd Hulabñl Sÿknbad. a) Audlim s` `lau`ltr`l `l amfbsbñl i` s`rvbabms. i) Audlim pr`st`l s`rvbabms `l pu`stms i` trdkdom i` lbv`n`s blanubims `l `n blt`rvdnm amrr`spmlib`lt` d su Au`rpm m @sadnd `l nms Edkbl`t`s i` nd Sr`sbi`labd i`n Emkb`rlm, i` nms Fblbstrms m i` nms Q`ar`tdrbms i` @stdim, y mpt`l pmr p`rfdl`a`r `l `std sbtudabñl, amlhmrf` dn drtæaunm ;2.;.b) i` nd N`y 13/4279, i` ; i` demstm, i` F`ibids pdrd nd [`hmrfd i` nd Hulabñl Sÿknbad. Dsbfbsfm, audlim  pr`st`l s`rvbabms `l pu`stms i` lbv`n`s amfp amfpr`libims r`libims `l `n blt`r blt`rvdnm vdnm amrr`spmlib`lt` dn Erupm `l `n `n qu` hbeur` andsbhbadim su Au`rpm m @sadnd `l Edkbl`t`s i` I`n`edims i`n Emkb`rlm m Emk`rldimr`s Abvbn`s. `) Audlim pr`st`l s`rvbabms `l nds Amrt`s E`l`rdn`s, i` amlhmrfbidi aml nm ibspu`stm `l `n @stdtutm i`n S`rsmldn i` nds fbsfds m `l `n Yrbkuldn i` Au`ltds, y lm n`s amrr`spmlid qu`idr `l mtrd sbtudabñl. h) Audlim daa`idl d nd amlibabñl i` fb`fkrms i` nds Dsdfkn`ds N`ebsndtbvds i` nds Amfulbidi`s Dutñlmfds y, lm p`rabkb`lim r`trbkuabml`s p`rbñibads pmr `n i`s`fp`ôm i` nd hulabñl, mpt`l pmr  p`rfdl`a`r `l `l `std sbtudabñl, amlhmrf` dn drtæaunm ;2.;.e) ;2.;.e) i` nd N`y 13/4279, i` ; i` i` demstm. e) Audlim daa`idl d nd amlibabñl i` fb`fkrms i` nds Amrpmrdabml`s Nmadn`s, amlhmrf` dn râebf`l  pr`vbstm pmr `n drtæaunm drtæaunm 59 i` nd N`y 5/4270, i` ; i` dkrbn, r`eundimrd i` nds Kds`s i` [âebf`l Nmadn, Nmadn, sdnvm qu` i`s`fp`ô`l adrem r`trbkubim y i` i`ibadabñl `xanusbvd `l nds fbsfds. g) Audlim qu`i`l d ibspmsbabñl i`n Quks`ar`tdrbm, Ibr`atmr i`n Mredlbsfm dutñlmfm, I`n`edim i`n Emkb`rlm m Emk`rldimr Abvbn, i` dau`rim aml nm ibspu`stm `l `n drtæaunm ;4.;.k) i` nd N`y 13/4279, i` ; i` demstm, i` F`ibids F `ibids pdrd nd [`hmrfd i` nd Hulabñl Sÿknbad. b) Audlim a`s`l `l ul pu`stm i` trdkdom pmr gdk`r mkt`lbim mtrm f`ibdlt` prma`ibfb`ltms i`  prmvbsbñl i` pu`stms pu`stms i` trdkd trdkdom, om, iurdlt` `n pndzm pms`smrbm.  o) Audlim s` `lau`ltr`l `lau`ltr`l `l nd ndss ims prbf`rds hd hds`s s`s i` r`dsbeldabñl r`dsbeldabñl i` `h`atbvms. `h`atbvms. j) Audlim, pmr rdzñl i` su amlibabñl i` hulabmldrbm `xbebid pmr ibspmsbabñl n`edn, pr`st`l s`rvbabms `l Mredlbsfms m @lt`s pÿknbams. n) @l `n supu`stm i` a`sdabñl prmer`sbvd i` datbvbidi`s. ;.;. Q@[XBABMQ @QS@ABDN@Q.

;.;.4. Qupu`stms 

 

Nms hulabmldrbms pÿknbams s`räl i`andrdims `l nd sbtudabñl i` s`rvbabms `sp`abdn`s? d) Audlim s`dl dutmrbzdims pdrd r`dnbzdr uld fbsbñl pmr p`ræmim i`t`rfbldim sup`rbmr d s`bs f`s`s `l Mredlbsfms blt`rldabmldn`s, Emkb`rlms m @ltbidi`s pÿknbads `xtrdlo`rds m `l prmerdfds i` ammp`rdabñl blt`rldabmldn.  k) Audlim diqub`rdl diqub`rdl nd amlibabñ amlibabñll i` hulabmldrbms dn s`rvbabm i` Mredlbzdabml`s blt`rldabmldn`s blt`rldabmldn`s m ii`` adräat`r suprdldabmldn. a) Audlim s`dl lmfkrdims fb`fkrms i`n Emkb`rlm m i` nms ñredlms i` emkb`rlm i` nds Amfulbidi`s Dutñlmfds m dntms adrems i` ndspÿknbams. r`sp`atbvds Difblbstrdabml`s pÿknbads qu` lm i`kdl s`r prmvbstms l`a`sdrbdf`lt` pmr hulabmldrbms i) Audlim s`dl `n`ebims pmr nds Amrt`s E`l`rdn`s pdrd hmrfdr pdrt` i` nms Ñredlms Amlstbtuabmldn`s u mtrms auyd `n`aabñl amrr`spmlid d nds Aäfdrds. `) Audlim s`dl disarbtms d nms s`rvbabms i`n Yrbkuldn Amlstbtuabmldn m i`n I`h`lsmr i`n Su`knm m i`stbldims dn Yrbkuldn i` Au`ltds, `l nms târfblms t ârfblms pr`vbstms `l `n drtæaunm 21.1 i` nd N`y 5/4277, i` 0 i` dkrbn, m pr`st`l s`rvbabms `l nms Ñredlms tâalbams i`n Amls`om E`l`rdn i`n Smi`r Ouibabdn, i` dau`rim aml nm pr`vbstm `l `n drtæaunm 498.1 i` nd N`y Mreälbad 8/4270, i` 4 i` ounbm, i`n Smi`r Ouibabdn, fmibhbadid pmr nd N`y Mreälbad 48/4229, i` 7 i` lmvb`fkr`. h) Audlim daa`idl d nd amlibabñl i` Ibputdim m Q`ldimr i` nds Amrt`s E`l`rdn`s. e) Audlim daa`idl d nd amlibabñl i` fb`fkrms i` nds Dsdfkn`ds N`ebsndtbvds i` nds Amfulbidi`s Dutñlmfds, sb p`rabk`l r`trbkuabml`s p`rbñibads pmr `n i`s`fp`ôm i` nd hulabñl. Audlim lm p`rabkdl ibagds r`trbkuabml`s pmiräl mptdr `ltr` p`rfdl`a`r `l nd sbtudabñl i` s`rvbabm datbvm m pdsdr d nd i` s`rvbabms `sp`abdn`s, sbl p`roubabm i` nd lmrfdtbvd qu` ibat`l nds Amfulbidi`s Dutñlmfds smkr` blamfpdtbkbnbidi`s i` nms fb`fkrms fb `fkrms i` nds Dsdfkn`ds N`ebsndtbvds. N`ebsndtbvds. g) Audlim i`s`fp`ô`l adrems `n`atbvms r`trbkubims y i` i`ibadabñl `xanusbvd `l nds Amrpmrdabml`s Nmadn`s. b) Audlim pr`st`l s`rvbabms `l pu`stms i` trdkdom t rdkdom i` lbv`n`s blanubims `l `n blt`rvdnm amrr`spmlib`lt` d su Au`rpm y @sadnd, `l nms Edkbl`t`s i` nd Sr`sbi`labd i`n Emkb`rlm, i` nms Fblbstrms m i` nms Q`ar`tdrbms i` @stdim, y mpt`l pmr pdsdr d `std sbtudabñl, amlhmrf` dn drtæaunm ;2.;.b) i` nd N`y 13/4279, i` ; i` demstm. Dsbfbsfm, audlim pr`st`l s`rvbabms `l pu`stms i` lbv`n`s lm blanubims `l `n blt`rvdnm amrr`spmlib`lt` dn Erupm `l `n qu` hbeur` h beur` andsbhbadim su Au`rpm m @sadnd `l nms n ms Edkbl`t`s i` nd Sr`sbi`labd i`n Emkb`rlm, i` nms n ms Fblbstrms, Q`ar`tdrbms i` @stdim, I`n`edims i`n Emkb`rlm y Emk`rldimr`s Abvbn`s.  o) Audlim s`dl s`dl lmfkrdims pd pdrd rd audnqub`r ad adrem rem i` adräat`r ppmnætbam mnætbam i`n qu` s` i`rbv` blamfpdtbkbnbidi pdrd `o`ra`r nd hulabñl pÿknbad. j) Audlim aufpndl `n s`rvbabm fbnbtdr fbnbt dr m pr`stdabñl smabdn sustbtutmrbd `qubvdn`lt`. n) Audlim s`dl `n`ebims fb`fkrms i`n Sdrndf`ltm @urmp`m. f) Audlim mst`lt`l nd amlibabñl i` Amfbsbmldims pdrndf`ltdrbms i` Amfulbidi Dutñlmfd m Dioultms âstms, s`eÿl nm ibspu`stm `l nd N`y 8 i` lmvb`fkr`, i` pr`rrmedtbvds y edrdltæds i` nds hbeurds sbfbndr`s dn I`h`lsmr i`n18/4270, Su`knm yi` râebf`l i` amndkmrdabñl y ammribldabñl i` nds fbsfds. l) Audlim dsæ s` i`t`rfbl` `l uld lmrfd aml rdlem i` N`y.

 

;.;.;. I`andrdabñl  @n pds` d nd sbtudabñl i` s`rvbabms `sp`abdn`s s` i`andrdrä i` mhbabm m d blstdlabd i`n blt`r`sdim, uld v`z v`rbhbadim `n supu`stm qu` nd madsbml`, aml `h`atms i`si` `n fmf`ltm `l qu` s` prmiuom. Nd dutmrbzdabñl pdrd r`dnbzdr nd fbsbñl i` adräat`r blt`rldabmldn r`qu`rbrä qu` amlst` `n blt`râs i` nd Difblbstrdabñl, amlhmrf` d nms arbt`rbms qu` `stdkn`zad `n Fblbst`rbm Fb lbst`rbm i` Dsultms @xt`rbmr`s.

;.;.1. [`bler`sm  D nms hulabmldrbms qu` s` gdnn`l `l sbtudabñl i` s`rvbabms `sp`abdn`s, prma`i`lt`s i` nd sbtudabñl i` s`rvbabm s` n`sdndsbeldrä, aml madsbñl i`n r`bler`sm ul pu`stmpdrd i` trdkdom, s`eÿl nms sbeub`lt`s arbt`rbms datbvm, y amlhmrf` pr ma`ibfb`ltm prma`ibfb`ltm qu` `stdkn`zad `n Fblbst`rbm nds Difblbstrdabml`s Sÿknbads?  

Audlim `n pu`stm i` trdkdom i`s`fp`ôdim aml dlt`rbmrbidi gukb`r` sbim mkt`lbim f`ibdlt` `n sbst`fd i` nbkr` i`sbeldabñl, s` n`s diouibadrä, aml adräat`r prmvbsbmldn, `l tdltm lm mkt`ledl mtrm aml adräat`r i`hblbtbvm, ul pu`stm i` beudn lbv`n y sbfbndr`s r`trbkuabml`s `l `n fbsfm fulbabpbm.

 

@l nms r`stdlt`s adsms, s` n`s diouibadrä, aml adräat`r i`hblbtbvm, ul pu`stm i` beudn lbv`n y sbfbndr`s r`trbkuabml`s `l `n fbsfm Fblbst`rbm y fulbabpbm.

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Audlim s` gukb`r` daa`ibim d nd sbtudabñl i` s`rvbabms `sp`abdn`s i`si` sbtudabml`s qu` lm amlnn`vdl `n i`s`fp`ôm m r`s`rvd i` pu`stm i` trdkdom tr dkdom lm gdkrä nuedr d nd r`s`rvd i` pu`stm i` trdkdom, sbl p`roubabm i` nm ibspu`stm `l `n pärrdhm s`eulim i`n drtæaunm ;1 i` `st` [`endf`ltm.

;.;.9. @h`atms  Nms hulabmldrbms `l nd sbtudabñl i` s`rvbabms `sp`abdn`s r`abkbräl nd r`trbkuabñl i`n pu`stm m adrem `h`atbvm qu` i`s`fp`ô`l y lm nd qu` n`s amrr`spmlid amfm hulabmldrbms. @xa`pabmldnf`lt`, @xa`pabmldnf`lt`, y audlim nds r`trbkuabml`s pmr nms trb`lbms qu` tuvb`s`l r`amlmabims lm puib`rdl, pmr adusd n`edn, s`r  p`rabkbids aml aml adrem d nms amrr` amrr`spmlib`lt`s spmlib`lt`s pr` pr`supu`stms, supu`stms, i` i`k`räl k`räl s`r r`trbkubims `l `l tdn amla`ptm amla`ptm pmr `n I`pdrtdf`ltm `l `n qu` i`s`fp`ôdkdl su ÿntbfm pu`stm i` trdkdom `l sbtudabñl i` s`rvbabm datbvm. Dsbfbsfm, i` idrs` `stds abraulstdlabds, r`sp`atm dn dkmlm i` nd aumtd i` Q`eurbidi Qmabdn, i`k`rä s`r `h`atudim ibagm dkmlm pmr `n r`h`rbim I`pdrtdf`ltm. D nms hulabmldrbms `l sbtudabñl i` s`rvbabms `sp`abdn`s s` n`s amfputdrä `n tb`fpm qu` p`rfdl`zad p`rfdl`zadll `l tdn sbtudabñl, d `h`atms i` dsa`lsms, amlsmnbida amlsmnbidabñl bñl i` erdim p`rsmldn, trb`lbms y i`r`agms pdsbvms, dsæ amfm d `h`atms i`n añfputm i`n p`ræmim fælbfm i` s`rvbabms `h`atbvms pdrd smnbabtdr `n pds` d nd sbtudabñl i` `xa`i`labd vmnultdrbd pmr blt`râs pdrtbaundr.

;.;.0. Qmnbabtui i` r`bler`sm dn s`rvbabm datbvm  Tub`l`s pb`ridl nd amlibabñl, `l vbrtui i` nd audn gukb`rdl sbim i`andrdims `l nd sbtudabñl i` s`rvbabms `sp`abdn`s i`k`räl smnbabtdr `n r`bler`sm dn s`rvbabm datbvm `l `n pndzm i` ul f`s, i`andrälims`n`s, i`andrälims` n`s, i` lm gda`rnm `l nd sbtudabñl i` `xa`i`labd vmnultdrbd pmr blt`râs pdrtbaundr, aml `h`atms i`si` `n iæd `l qu` p`rib`rml dqu`nnd amlibabñl. @n r`bler`sm t`lirä `h`atms `amlñfbams y difblbstrdtbvms i`si` nd h`agd i` smnbabtui i`n fbsfm audlim `xbstd i`r`agm d nd r`s`rvd i` pu`stm. Nms fb`fkrms nds Dsdfkn`ds N`ebsndtbvds Dutñlmfds m i`nIbputdims, Sdrndf`ltmQ`ldimr`s, @urmp`m qu` pb`ridli` ibagd amlibabñl pmr ibsmnuabñli`i`ndsndsAmfulbidi`s amrr`spmlib`lt`s Aäfdrds m t`rfbldabñl i`n fdlidtm i` nds fbsfds pmiräl p`rfdl`a`r `l sbtudabñl i` s`rvbabms `sp`abdn`s gdstd su lu`vd amlstbtuabñl.

 

;.1. Q@[XBABM @L AMFPLBIDI@Q DPYÑLMFDQ

;.1.4. Hulabmldrbms trdlsh`rbims  Nms hulabmldrbms trdlsh`rbims d nds Amfulbidi`s Dutñlmfds s` blt`erdl pn`ldf`lt` `l nd mredlbzdabñl i` nds fbsfds y su sbtudabñl difblbstrdtbvd `s nd i` s`rvbabm datbvm `l `nnds. @l nms Au`rpms m @sadnds i` nd Difblbstrdabñl i`n @stdim i` nms qu` prma`ib`rdl p`rfdl`a` p`rfdl`a`räl räl `l nd sbtudabñl difblbstrdtbvd `sp`abdn i` s`rvbabm `l Amfulbidi`s Dutñlmfds, qu` n`s p`rfbtbrä fdlt`l`r tmims sus i`r`agms amfm sb s` gdnndrdl `l s`rvbabm datbvm, i` dau`rim aml nm `stdkn`abim `l nms r`sp`atbvms @stdtutms i` Dutmlmfæd.  Lm mkstdlt`, nd sdlabñl i` s` s`pdrdabñl pdrdabñl i`n ss`rvbabm `rvbabm s`rä damri damridid did pmr `n ñredlm amfp`t`lt` i` nd Amfulbidi Dutñlmfd, pr`vbm ibatdf`l i`n Amls`om i` @stdim, sbl p`roubabm i` nms blhmrf`s qu`  pr`vbdf`lt` i`kdl i`kdl smnbabtdr âstds i` dau`rim aaml ml nm pr`vbstm `l ssuu n`ebsndabñl `sp`aæhbad. `sp`aæhbad.

;.1.;. Hulabmldrbms i`stbldims d Amfulbidi`s Dutñlmfds pmr mtrms prma`ibfb`ltms   Nms hulabmldrbms i` nd Difblbstrdabñl i`n @stdim qu`, f`ibdlt` nms sbst`fds i` amlaursm, nbkr` i`sbeldabñl m r`dsbeldabñl i` `h`atbvms `l nms târfblms i` nms amlv`lbms qu` d tdn `h`atm pu`idl susarbkbrs`, pds`l d maupdr pu`stms i` trdkdom `l nds Amfulbidi`s Dutñlmfds, Dutñlmfds, s` smf`t`räl dn râebf`l `stdtutdrbm y n`s s`rä i` dpnbadabñl nd n`ebsndabñl `l fdt`rbd i` Hulabñl Sÿknbad i` nd Amfulbidi Dutñlmfd `l qu` `stâl i`stbldims, p`rm amls`rvdräl su amlibabñl i` hulabmldrbms i` nd Difblbstrdabñl i`n @stdim `l nd sbtudabñl i` s`rvbabm `l Amfulbidi`s Dutñlmfds. @l tmim adsm n`s s`räl dpnbadkn`s nds lmrfds r`ndtbvds d prmfmabñl prmh`sbmldn, prmfmabñl blt`rld, râebf`l r`trbkutbvm, sbtudabml`s difblbstrdtbvds, blamfpdtbkbnbidi`s y râebf`l ibsabpnbldrbm i` nd Difblbstrdabñl pÿknbad `l qu` s` gdnn`l i`stbldims, aml `xa`pabñl i` nd sdlabñl sd labñl i` s`pdrdabñl i`n s`rvbabm, qu` s` damridrä pmr `n Fblbstrm Fb lbstrm i`n I`pdrtdf`ltm dn qu` `stâ disarbtm `n Au`rpm m @sadnd dn qu` p`rt`l`zad `n hulabmldrbm, pr`vbd blamdabñl i` `xp`ib`lt` ibsabpnbldrbm pmr nd Difblbstrdabñl i` nd Amfulbidi Dutñlmfd i` i`stblm. ;.9. @WS@AYDYBXD I@ I@QYBLM Nms hulabmldrbms dh`atdims pmr ul prma`ibfb`ltm i` r`dsbeldabñl i` `h`atbvms, qu` lm gdydl mkt`lbim pu`stm `l nds ims prbf`rds hds`s pr`vbstds `l `n dpdrtdim e) i`n drtæ drtæaunm aunm ;3.4 i` nd N`y 13/4279, i` ; i` demstm, i` F`ibids pdrd nd [`hmrfd i` nndd Hulabñl Sÿknbad, pdsdräl d nd sbtudabñl i` `xp`atdtbvd i` i`stblm. Nms hulabmldrbms `l `xp`atdtbvd i` i`stblm s` disarbkbräl dn Fblbst`rbm pdrd nds Difblbstrdabml`s Sÿknbads, d trdvâs i` r`ndabml`s `sp`aæhbads i` pu`stms `l r`dsbeldabñl,  puib`lim s`r r`dsbeldims r`dsbeldims pmr ââst` st` `l nms târfblms ``stdkn`abims stdkn`abims ``ll `n f`labmldim drtæaunm. Nms hulabmldrbms p`rfdl`a`räl `l `std sbtudabñl ul p`ræmim fäxbfm i` ul dôm, trdlsaurrbim `n audn  pdsdräl d nd sbtudabñl i` `xa `xa`i`labd `i`labd hmrzms hmrzmsd. d. Nms hulabmldrbms `l sbtudabñl i` `xp`atdtbvd i` i`stblm `stdräl mknbedims d da`ptdr nms pu`stms i` adrdat`ræstbads sbfbndr`s d nms qu` i`s`fp`ôdkdl qu` s` n`s mhr`zadl `l nd prmvblabd imli` `stdkdl i`stbldims: d pdrtbabpdr `l nms amlaursms pdrd nd prmvbsbñl i` pu`stms i` trdkdom di`audims d su Au`rpm, @sadnd m Adt`emræd qu` n`s s`dl lmtbhbadims, sbtudims `l ibagds prmvblabds i` i`stblm, dsæ amfm d pdrtbabpdr `l nms aursms i` adpdabtdabñl d nms qu` s` n`s amlvmqu`, prmfmvbims m r`dnbzdims  pmr `n Blstbtutm Ldabmldn Ldabmldn i` Difblbstrdabñl Sÿknbad y nms A` A`ltrms ltrms i` hmrfdabñl r`amlmabims. D `h`atm i` nm ibspu`stm `l `n pärrdhm dlt`rbmr, s` `lt`li`räl amfm pu`stms i` sbfbndr`s adrdat`ræstbads dqu`nnms qu` eudri`l sbfbnbtui `l su hmrfd i` prmvbsbñl y r`trbkuabml`s r`sp`atm dn qu` s` v`læd i`s`fp`ôdlim.

 

@n blaufpnbfb`ltm i` `stds mknbedabml`s i`t`rfbldrä `n pds` d nd n d sbtudabñl i` `xa`i`labd hmrzmsd. Amrr`spmli` d nd Q`ar`tdræd i` @stdim pdrd nd Difblbstrdabñl Sÿknbad `h`atudr nd i`andrdabñl y a`s` `l `std sbtudabñl difblbstrdtbvd y nd e`stbñl i`n p`rsmldn dh`atdim pmr nd fbsfd. Nms hulabmldrbms `l `xp`atdtbvd i` i`stblm p`rabkbräl nds r`trbkuabml`s käsbads, `n amfpn`f`ltm i` i`stblm i`n erdim p`rsmldn qu` n`s amrr`spmlid, m `l su adsm, `n i`n pu`stm i` ttrdkdom rdkdom qu` i`s`fp`ôdkdl, i`s`fp`ôd kdl, y `n 03 pmr 433 i`n amfpn`f`ltm `sp`aæhbam qu` p`rabkb`rdl dn pdsdr d `std sbtudabñl. D nms r`stdlt`s `h`atms, blanubim `n râebf`l i` blamfpdtbkbnbidi`s, `std sbtudabñl s` `qubpdrd d nd i` s`rvbabm datbvm. ;.0. @WA@I@LABD HM[_MQD Nd `xa`i`labd hmrzmsd s` prmiua` pmr nds sbeub`lt`s adusds? d) Sdrd nms hulabmldrbms `l sbtudabñl i` `xp`atdtbvd i` i`stblm, pmr `n trdlsaursm i`n p`ræmim fäxbfm `stdkn`abim pdrd nd fbsfd, m pmr `n blaufpnbfb`ltm i` nds mknbedabml`s i`t`rfbldids `l `n pärrdhm s`eulim i`n dpdrtdim 0 i`n drtæaunm ;2 i` nd N`y 13/4279, i` ; i` demstm, i` F`ibids pdrd nd [`hmrfd i` nd Hulabñl Sÿknbad.  k) Audlim `n hulabmldrbm hulabmldrbm i`andrdim `l nd sbtudabñl i` i` susp`lsbñl hbrf`, qu` lm t`led t`led r`s`rvdim  pu`stm i` trdkdom, trdkdom, smnbabt` `n r`bler` r`bler`sm sm y lm s` n` aamla`id mla`id `l ``nn pndzm i` s`bs f`s`s f`s`s amltdim amltdimss d pdrtbr i` nd `xtblabñl i` nd r`spmlsdkbnbidi p`ldn m ibsabpnbldrbd, `l nms târfblms `stdkn`abims `l `n drtæaunm ;; i` `st` [`endf`ltm. @l `n supu`stm amlt`fpndim `l `n pärrdhm d) i`n dpdrtdim dlt`rbmr, `n r`bler`sm mknbedtmrbm i`k`rä s`r `l pu`stms i` adrdat`ræstbads sbfbndr`s d nds i` nms qu` i`s`fp`ôdkdl nms hulabmldrbms dh`atdims pmr `n prma`sm i` r`dsbeldabñl i` `h`atbvms. @stms hulabmldrbms qu`idl mknbedims d pdrtbabpdr `l nms aursms i` adpdabtdabñl qu` s` n`s mhr`zadl y d pdrtbabpdr `l nms amlaursms pdrd pu`stms di`audims d su Au`rpm, @sadnd m Adt`emræd, qu` n`s s`dl lmtbhbadims. Nms r`stdlt`s `xa`i`lt`s hmrzmsms `stdräl mknbedims d pdrtbabpdr `l nms amlaursms qu` s` amlvmqu`l  pdrd nd prmvbsbñl i` i` pu`stms i` trdkdom auyms r`qubsbtms i` i`s` i`s`fp`ôm fp`ôm r`ÿldl y qu` n`s s`dl lmtbhbadims, dsæ amfm d da`ptdr `n r`bler`sm r `bler`sm mknbedtmrbm dn s`rvbabm datbvm `l pu`stms amrr`spmlib`lt`s d su Au`rpm m @sadnd. @n blaufpnbfb`ltm i` nds mknbedabml`s r`amebi r`amebids ds `l `st` drtæaunm i`t`rfbldrä `n pds` d nd sbtudabñl i` `xa`i`labd `xa`i`la bd vmnultdrbd pmr blt`râs pdrtbaundr. Nms `xa`i`lt`s hmrzmsms lm pmiräl i`s`fp`ôdr i`s`fp`ôdr pu`stms i` trdkdom `l `n s`atmr pÿknbam kdom lbleÿl tbpm i` r`ndabñl hulabmldrbdn m amltrdatudn, s`d âstd i` ldturdn`zd ndkmrdn m difblbstrdtbvd. Qb mktb`l`l pu`stm i` trdkdom `l ibagm s`atmr pdsdräl d nd sbtudabñl i` `xa`i`labd vmnultdrbd. Nms hulabmldrbms `l `std sbtudabñl t`liräl i`r`agm d p`rabkbr nds r`trbkuabml`s käsbads y, `l su adsm, nds pr`stdabml`s hdfbnbdr`s pmr gbom d adrem, dsæ amfm dn añfputm i`n tb`fpm `l ibagd sbtudabñl d `h`atms i` i`r`agms pdsbvms y i` trb`lbms. Amrr`spmli` d nd Q`ar`tdræd i` @stdim pdrd nd Difblbstrdabñl Sÿknbad damridr nd i`andrdabñl i` nd `xa`i`labd `xa`i`la bd hmrzmsd y, `l su adsm, `n pds` d nndd `xa`i`labd vmnultdrbd pmr blt`râs pdrtbaundr y nd `xa`i`labd vmnultdrbd i` `stms `xa`i`lt`s hmrzmsms, dsæ amfm nd e`stbñl i`n p`rsmldn dh`atdim. `xa`i`labd Nd i`andrdabñl i` `xa`i`labd hmrzmsd y, `l su adsm, nd i` `xa`i`labd vmnultdrbd pmr blt`râs pdrtbaundr m pmr pr`stdabñl i` mtrms s`rvbabms `l `n s`atmr pÿknbam i` `stms `xa`i`lt`s hmrzmsms, amrr`s amrr`spmli`rä pmli`rä d nms I`pdrtdf`ltms fblbst`rbdn`s `l r`ndabñl aml nms hulabmldrbms i` nms Au`rpms m @sadnds disarbtms d

 

nms fbsfms, y d nd Ibr`aabñl E`l`rdn i` nd Hulabñl Sÿknbad `l r`ndabñl aml nms hulabmldrbms i` nms Au`rpms y @sadnds disarbtms dn Fblbst`rbm pdrd nds Difblbstrdabml`s Sÿknbads y i`p`lib`lt`s i`p`lib`lt`s i` nd Q`ar`tdræd i` @stdim pdrd nd Difblbstrdabñl Sÿknbad. ;.8. @WA@I@LABD SD[D @N APBIDIM I@ GBOMQ Nms hulabmldrbms t`liräl i`r`agm d ul p`ræmim i` `xa`i`la `xa`i`labd bd pdrd dt`li`r dn aubidim i` adid gbom, tdltm audlim nm s`d pmr ldturdn`zd amfm pmr dimpabñl. Audlim `n pdir` y nd fdir` trdkdo`l, sñnm ulm i` `nnms pmirä `o`rabtdr `st` i`r`agm. Nd `xa`i`labd pmirä audnqub`r d nd h`agd i`n i` ldabfb`ltm r`smnuabñl ouibabdn i`smnbabtdrs` dimpabñl, `l t`lb`lim, `l fmf`ltm tmim adsm,pmst`rbmr uld iurdabñl fäxbfd t r`s dômsmi`si` nd tr`s h`agd i`n ldabfb`ltm. Nd amla`sbñl i` `std `xa`i`labd s` gdrä pr`vbd i`andrdabñl i`n p`tbabmldrbm i` qu` lm i`s`fp`ôd datbvbidi qu` pu`id bfp`ibr m f`lmsadkdr `n aubidim p`rsmldn i`n gbom f`lmr. Adid sua`sbvm gbom idrä i`r`agm d ul lu`vm p`ræmim i` `xa`i`labd qu`, `l su adsm, pmlirä hbl dn qu` s` vblb`rd ibshrutdlim. Nms hulabmldrbms `l `std sbtudabñl t`liräl i`r`agm d nd r`s`rvd i`n pu`stm i` trdkdom y d su añfputm d `h`atms i` trb`lbms, amlsmnbidabñl i` erdim p`rsmldn, i`r`agms pdsbvms y smnbabtui i` `xa`i`labd vmnultdrbd pmr blt`râs pdrtbaundr, i` dau`rim aml nm ibspu`stm `l nd N`y qu` r`eund `std hbeurd. Qb dlt`s i` nd hbldnbzdabñl i`n p`ræmim i` `xa`i`labd pmr aubidim i` gboms lm smnbabtd `n r`bler`sm dn s`rvbabm datbvm, `n hulabmldrbm s`rä i`andrdim i` mhbabm `l nd sbtudabñl i` `xa`i`labd vmnultdrbd pmr blt`râs pdrtbaundr. D `h`atms i` nm ibspu`stm `l `st` drtæaunm, `n damebfb`ltm i` f`lmr`s prmiuabrä nms fbsfms `h`atms qu` nd dimpabñl iurdlt` `n tb`fpm i` iurdabñl i`n fbsfm. ;.5. @WA@I@LABD XMNPLYD[BD

;.5.4. @xa`i`labd vmnultdrbd pmr pr`stdabñl i` s`rvbabms `l `n s`atmr pÿknbam   Srma`i`rä i`andrdr, i` mhbabm m d blstdlabd i` pdrt`, `l nd sbtudabñl r`eundid `l `st` drtæaunm d nnms ms hulabmldrbms qu` s` `lau`ltr`l `l s`rvbabm datbvm `l mtrm Au`rpm m @sadnd i` audnqub`rd i` nds Difblbstrdabml`s Sÿknbads, sdnvm qu` gukb`rdl mkt`lbim nd mpmrtuld amfpdtbkbnbidi, y d nms qu`  pds`l d pr`stdr pr`stdr s`rvbabms `l Mre Mredlbsfms dlbsfms m @ltbid @ltbidi`s i`s i`n s`atm s`atmrr pÿknbam y lm n`s amrr`spmlid amrr`spmlid qu`idr qu`idr `l nds sbtudabml`s i` s`rvbabm datbvm m s`rvbabms `sp`abdn`s `sp`abdn`s.. D `h`atms i` nm dlt`rbmr, i`k`l amlsbi`rdrs` blanubids `l `n s`atmr pÿknbam dqu`nnds `fpr`sds amltrmndids pmr nds Difblbstrdabml`s Sÿknbads pmr audnqub`rd i` nms f`ibms pr`vbstms `l nd nd n`ebsndabñl f`radltbn, y `l nds qu` nd pdrtbabpdabñl ibr`atd m blibr`atd i` nds abtdids Difblbstrdabml`s Sÿknbads s`d beudn m sup`rbmr dn pmra`ltdo` n`ednf`lt` `stdkn`abim. Nd i`andrdabñl i` `xa`i`labd vmnultdrbd pmr pr`stdabñl i` s`rvbabms `l `n s`atmr pÿknbam prma`i`rä tdfkbâl `l `n adsm i` nms hulabmldrbms i`n @stdim blt`erdims `l nd hulabñl pÿknbad i` nds Amfulbidi`s Dutñlmfds qu` bler`s`l vmnultdrbdf`lt` `l Au`rpms m @sadnds i` hulabmldrbms  prmpbms i` nds fbsfds fbsfds ibstbltms d dq dqu`nnms u`nnms `l qu` bl blbabdnf`lt` babdnf`lt` s` gu gukb`rdl kb`rdl blt`erdim. Nms hulabmldrbms pmiräl p`rfdl`a`r `l `std sbtudabñl `l tdltm s` fdlt`led nd r`ndabñl i` s`rvbabms qu` ibm mrbe`l d nd fbsfd. Pld v`z prmiuabim `n a`s` `l `nnd i`k`räl smnbabtdr `n r`bler`sm dn s`rvbabm datbvm `l `n pndzm fäxbfm i` ul f`s, i`andrälims`n`s, i` lm gda`rnm, `l nd sbtudabñl i` `xa`i`labd vmnultdrbd pmr blt`râs pdrtbaundr.

 

;.5.;. @xa`i`labd vmnultdrbd pmr blt`râs pdrtbaundr   Nd sbtudabñl i` `xa`i`labd vmnultdrbd pmr blt`râs pdrtbaundr s` i`andrdrä d p`tbabñl i`n hulabmldrbm m, i` mhbabm, `l nms supu`stms `stdkn`abims r`endf`ltdrbdf`lt`. Sdrd smnbabtdr nd i`andrdabñl i` nd sbtudabñl i` `xa`i`labd vmnultdrbd pmr blt`râs pdrtbaundr s`rä  pr`absm gdk`r gdk`r pr`stdim s`rvbabms `h`atbvms `l aaudnqub`rd udnqub`rd i` nds D Difblbstrdabml`s ifblbstrdabml`s Sÿknbad Sÿknbadss iurdlt` nms ablam dôms blf`ibdtdf`lt` dlt`rbmr`s d nd smnbabtui. @l nds r`smnuabml`s pmr nds qu` s` i`andr` `std sbtudabñl s` `xpr`sdrä `n pn pndzm dzm fäxbfm i` iurdabñl i` nd fbsfd. i` p`tbabñl i`bmldrbm. r`bler`sm dn s`rvbabm datbvm i`ltrm i` ibagm pndzm amfpmrtdrä nd  pâribid i`Nd nd hdntd amlibabñl amlibabñl i` hula hulabmldrbm. Nd amla`sbñl i` `std `xa`i`labd qu`idrä, `l tmim adsm, sukmribldid d nds l`a`sbidi`s i`n s`rvbabm.  Lm pmirä i`andrdrs` i`andrdrs` d smnbabtui i` i`nn hulabmldrbm aud audlim lim dn fbsfm s` n` blstruyd `xp`ib`lt` `xp`ib`lt` ibsabpnbldrbm. Audlim `n hulabmldrbm p`rt`l`zad d ul Au`rpm m @sadnd @ sadnd qu` t`led r`s`rvdims pu`stms `l `xanusbvd, s` idrä amlmabfb`ltm i` nds r`smnuabml`s i` amla`sbñl i` `xa`i`labd vmnultdrbd pmr blt`râs pdrtbaundr dn Fblbst`rbm d qu` `stâ disarbtm ibagm Au`rpm m @sadnd. Nd smnbabtui i` r`bler`sm dn s`rvbabm datbvm amlibabmldid d pu`stms m fulbabpbms amlar`tms i` hulabmldrbms prma`i`lt`s prma`i`lt`s i` `std sbtudabñl lm blt`rrufpbrä `n añfputm i`n pn pndzm dzm fäxbfm i` iurdabñl i` nd fbsfd.

;.5.1. @xa`i`labd vmnultdrbd pmr derupdabñl hdfbnbdr   Smirä amla`i`rs` nd `xa`i`labd vmnultdrbd pmr derupdabñl hdfbnbdr, aml uld iurdabñl fælbfd i` ims dôms y fäxbfd i` qubla`, d nms hulabmldrbms auym añlyue` r`sbid `l mtrm fulbabpbm pmr gdk`r mkt`lbim y `stdr i`s`fp`ôdlim ul pu`stm i` trdkdom i` adräat`r i`hblbtbvm, amfm hulabmldrbm i` adrr`rd m amfm ndkmrdn, `l audnqub`r Difblbstrdabñl pÿknbad, Mredlbsfm dutñlmfm m @ltbidi E`stmrd i` nd Q`eurbidi Qmabdn, dsæ amfm `l Ñredlms Amlstbtuabmldn`s m i`n Smi`r Ouibabdn. Dlt`s i` hbldnbzdr `n p`ræmim p`ræ mim i` qubla` dôms i` iurdabñl i` `std sbtudabñl i`k`rä smnbabtdrs` `n r`bler`sm dn s`rvbabm datbvm, i`andrälims`, i` lm gda`rnm, i` mhbabm nd n d sbtudabñl i` `xa`i`labd vmnultdrbd pmr blt`râs pdrtbaundr.

;.5.9. @xa`i`labd vmnultdrbd bla`ltbvdid  Nms hulabmldrbms dh`atdims pmr ul prma`sm i` r`dsbeldabñl i` `h`atbvms qu` s` `lau`ltr`l `l dneuld i` nds ims prbf`rds hds`s d qu` gda` r`h`r`labd `n drtæaunm ;3.4.e) i` nd N`y 13/4279, i` ; i` demstm,  pmiräl s`r i`andrdims, i`andrdims, d su smnbabtui, `l sbtuda sbtudabñl bñl i` `xa`i `xa`i`labd `labd vmnultdrbd bla`ltbvdid. bla`ltbvdid. Dsbfbsfm, qub`l`s s` `lau`ltr`l `l nds sbtudabml`s i` `xp`atdtbvd i` i`stblm m i` `xa`i`la `xa`i`labd bd hmrzmsd amfm amls`au`labd i` nd dpnbadabñl i` ul Sndl i` @fpn`m t`liräl i`r`agm d pdsdr, d su smnbabtui, d ibagd sbtudabñl. Amrr`spmli` d nd Q`ar`tdræd i` @stdim pdrd nd Difblbstrdabñl Sÿknbad damridr nd i`andrdabñl i` `std sbtudabñl. Nd `xa`i`labd vmnultdrbd bla`ltbvdid uld ÿl iurdabñl ablamldôms ` bfp`ibrä i`s`fp`ôdr  pu`stms i` trdkdom trdkdom `l `n s`atm s`atmr r pÿknbam,t`lirä kdom lble lbleÿl tbpm i`i`r`ndabñ r`ndabñl hulabmldrbdn m amltrdatudn, amltrda tudn, s`d âstd i` ldturdn`zd ndkmrdn m difblbstrdtbvd. Qb lm s` smnbabtd `n r`bler`sm dn s`rvbabm datbvm i`ltrm i`n f`s sbeub`lt` dn i` nd hbldnbzdabñl i`n p`ræmim dnuibim, `n I`pdrtdf`ltm fblbst`rbdn dn qu` `stâ

 

disarbtm `n Au`rpm m @sadnd i`n hulabmldrbm n` i`andrdrä `l `xa`i`labd vmnultdrbd pmr blt`râs  pdrtbaundr. Tub`l`s pds`l d nd sbtudabñl i` `xa`i`labd vmnultdrbd bla`ltbvdid t`liräl i`r`agm d uld f`lsudnbidi i` nds r`trbkuabml`s i` adräat`r p`rbñibam, `xanubids nds pdeds `xtrdmribldrbds y `n amfpn`f`ltm i` prmiuatbvbidi, i`v`ledids `l `n ÿntbfm pu`stm i` trdkdom i`s`fp`ôdim, pmr adid dôm amfpn`tm i` s`rvbabms `h`atbvms y aml ul fäxbfm i` ima` f`lsudnbidi`s.

;.5.0. @h`atms i` nd `xa`i`labd vmnultdrbd  Ndstrdkdom ibstbltds fmidnbidi`s i` qu` `xa`i`labd vmnultdrbd lmfbsfds prmiua`l, `l lbleÿl r`s`rvd i`sdnvm pu`stm i` y nms hulabmldrbms s` `lau`ltr`l `l nds lm i`v`led i`v`ledräl räladsm, r`trbkuabml`s, nm  pr`vbstm `l `n dpdrtdim dpdrtdim 0 i`n drtæau drtæaunm nm dlt`rbmr. Lm s`rä amfputdkn` amfputdkn` `n tb`fpm p`rfdl`abim ``ll `std sbtudabñl d `h`atms i` prmfmabñl, trb`lbms y i`r`agms pdsbvms. ;.7. QPQS@LQBÑL I@ HPLABML@Q Nd sbtudabñl i` susp`lsbñl i` hulabml`s pmirä s`r prmvbsbmldn m hbrf`.

;.7.4. Qusp`lsbñl prmvbsbmldn  Nd susp`lsbñl prmvbsbmldn pmirä damridrs` pr`v`ltbvdf`lt` iurdlt` nd trdfbtdabñl i` ul  prma`ibfb`ltm ouibabdn ouibabdn m ibsabpnbldrbm. Qb iurdlt` nd trdfbtdabñl i` ul prma`ibfb`ltm ouibabdn s` i`ar`td nd prbsbñl prmvbsbmldn i` ul hulabmldrbm u mtrds f`ibids qu` i`t`rfbl`l nd bfpmsbkbnbidi b fpmsbkbnbidi i` i`s`fp`ôdr su pu`stm i` trdkdom, s` n` i`andrdrä `l susp`lsbñl prmvbsbmldn pmr `n tb`fpm d qu` s` `xtb`lidl ibagds f`ibids. Nd susp`lsbñl prmvbsbmldn amfm f`ibid pr`v`ltbvd iurdlt` nd trdfbtdabñl i` ul `xp`ib`lt` ibsabpnbldrbm pmirä s`r damridid pmr nd dutmrbidi qu` mri`lñ nd blamdabñl i`n `xp`ib`lt`, lm  puib`lim `xa`i`r `xa`i`r `std sus susp`lsbñl p`lsbñl i` s` s`bs bs f`s`s, sdnvm `l adsm i` pdrdnbzdabñl i`n prma`ibfb`ltm prma`ibfb`ltm bfputdkn` dn blt`r`sdim. @n susp`lsm prmvbsbmldn t`lirä i`r`agm d p`rabkbr `n 50 pmr 433 i` su su`nim, trb`lbms y pdeds `xtrdmribldrbds, dsæ amfm nd tmtdnbidi i` nd n d pr`stdabñl `amlñfbad pmr gbom d adrem, `xa`ptm `l adsm i`  pdrdnbzdabñl i`n i`n `xp`ib`lt` bfputdk bfputdkn` n` dn blt`r`sdim, qu qu`` amfpmrtdrä nd pâribid pâribid i` tmid r`trbkuabñl r`trbkuabñl fb`ltrds s` fdlt`led ibagd pdrdnbzdabñl. Dsbfbsfm, lm s` dar`ibtdrä gdk`r dneulm `l adsm i` blamfpdr`a`labd blamfpdr`a`l abd `l `n prma`ibfb`ltm ibsabpnbldrbm m prma`sm p`ldn. Audlim nd susp`lsbñl lm s`d i`andrdid hbrf`, `n tb`fpm i` iurdabñl i` nd fb fbsfd sfd s` amfputdrä amfm i` s`rvbabm datbvm, i`kb`lim damridrs` nd blf`ibdtd blamrpmrdabñl i`n hulabmldrbm d su pu`stm i` trdkdom, aml r`amlmabfb`ltm i` nms i`r`agms `amlñfbams y i`fäs qu` prma`idl i`si` nd h`agd i` `h`atms i` nd susp`lsbñl susp`lsbñl..

;.7.;. Qusp`lsbñl hbrf`  @n hulabmldrbm i`andrdim `l susp`lsbñl hbrf` i` hulabml`s h ulabml`s i`k`rä pdsdr d ibagd sbtudabñl `l tmims nms Au`rpms m @sadnds blanubims `l `n äfkbtm i` dpnbadabñl i` `st` [`endf`ltm d nms qu` p`rt`l`zad, d auym hbl `n ñredlm qu` dau`ri` nd i`andrdabñl i` `std sbtudabñl i`k`rä pml`r âstd `l amlmabfb`ltm i` nms I`pdrtdf`ltms fblbst`rbdn`s d qu` ibagms Au`rpms m @sadnds `stâl disarbtms. Nd susp`lsbñl t`lirä adräat`r hbrf` audlim s` bfpmled `l vbrtui i` amli`ld arbfbldn m sdlabñl ibsabpnbldrbd. Nd amli`ld y nd sdlabñl i`t`rfbldräl nd pâribid i`n pu`stm i` trdkdom, `xa`ptm audlim nd susp`lsbñl hbrf` lm `xa`id i` s`bs f`s`s.

 

@l tdltm lm trdlsaurrd tr dlsaurrd `n pndzm i` susp`lsbñl i` hulabml`s lm prma`i`rä lbleÿl adfkbm i` sbtudabñl difblbstrdtbvd. @n hulabmldrbm qu` gdyd p`ribim su pu`stm i` trdkdom amfm amls`au`labd i` amli`ld m sdlabñl i`k`rä smnbabtdr `n r`bler`sm dn s`rvbabm datbvm aml ul f`s i` dlt`ndabñl d nd hbldnbzdabñl i`n p`ræmim i` iurdabñl i` nd susp`lsbñl. Ibagm r`bler`sm t`lirä `h`atms `amlñfbams y difblbstrdtbvms i`si` nd h`agd i` `xtblabñl i` nd r`spmlsdkbnbidi r `spmlsdkbnbidi p`ldn p`ldn m ibsabpnbldrbd. ib sabpnbldrbd. I` lm smnbabtdrs` `n r`bler`sm `l `n tb`fpm s`ôdndim `l `n pärrdhm dlt`rbmr, s` n` i`andrdrä, i` mhbabm, `l nd sbtudabñl i` `xa`i`labd vmnultdrbd pmr blt`râs pdrtbaundr, aml `h`atms i`si` nd h`agd i` hbldnbzdabñl i` nd sdlabñl. Qb uld v`z smnbabtdim `n r`bler`sm dn s`rvbabm datbvm lm s` amla`i` `l `n pndzm i` s`bs f`s`s, `n hulabmldrbm s`rä i`andrdim, i` mhbabm, `l nd sbtudabñl i` `xa`i`labd hmrzmsd pr`vbstd `l `n drtæaunm 41.4.k) aml `h`atms i` nd h`agd i` `xtblabñl i` nd r`spmlsdkbnbidi p`ldn m ibsabpnbldrbd. ;.2. ADFKBM I@ QBYPDABML@Q DIFBLBQY[DYBXDQ Nms adfkbms i` sbtudabml`s difblbstrdtbvds i`k`räl s`r sb`fpr` amfulbadims dn [`ebstrm A`ltrdn i` S`rsmldn y pmiräl t`l`r nuedr, sb`fpr` qu` s` r`ÿldl nms r`qubsbtms `xbebims `l adid adsm, sbl l`a`sbidi i`n r`bler`sm pr`vbm dn s`rvbabm datbvm. @l `n supu`stm i` qu` nd lu`vd sbtudabñl amlnn`v` `n i`r`agm d nd r`s`rvd i` ul pu`stm i` trdkdom, nms hulabmldrbms pmiräl pdrtbabpdr `l amlvmadtmrbds i` amlaursm pdrd nd prmvbsbñl i` pu`stms i` trdkdom,  p`rfdl`ab`limm `l nd sbtudabñl qu` amrr`spml  p`rfdl`ab`li amrr`spmlid, id, y r`s`rväli r`s`rvälims`n`s ms`n`s ul pu`stm pu`stm i` beudn lbv`n lbv`n y sbfbndr`s r`trbkuabml`s d nds i`n pu`stm mkt`lbim `l `n fbsfm Fblbst`rbm y Fulbabpbm.

1. S@[QMLDN @X@LYPDN R NDKM[DN 1.4. S@[QMLDN NDKM[DN Nd s`n`aabñl i`n p`rsmldn ndkmrdn, i`k` r`dnbzdrs` i` dau`rim aml nd mh`rtd i` `fpn`m pÿknbam, f`ibdlt` amlvmadtmrbd pÿknbad y d trdvâs i`n sbst`fd i` amlaursm, mpmsbabñl m amlaursm- mpmsbabñl nbkr` `l nms qu` s` edrdltba`l, `l tmim adsm, nms prblabpbms amlstbtuabmldn`s amlstbtuabmldn`s i` beudnidi, fârbtm y adpdabidi, dsæ amfm `n i` puknbabidi. Nd amltrdtdabñl ndkmrdn pu`i` s`r pmr tb`fpm bli`hblbim, b li`hblbim, i` iurdabñl i`t`rfbldid, d tb`fpm pdrabdn, y i`fäs fmidnbidi`s pr`vbstds `l nd n`ebsndabñl ndkmrdn. @n râebf`l i` tdn`s r`ndabml`s s`rä, `l su blt`erbidi, `n `stdkn`abim `l nds lmrfds i` I`r`agm Ndkmrdn. Q`rä lunm `n amltrdtm ndkmrdn n dkmrdn pmr tb`fpm bli`hblbim a`n`krdim pmr uld @ltbidi Nmadn aml p`rsmld blaursd `l dneuld i` nds adusds i` bladpdabidi `sp`aæhbad qu` s`dl i` dpnbadabñl d nms hulabmldrbms y dn p`rsmldn blt`rblm. 1.;. S@[QMLDN @X@LYPDN @n lÿf`rm, adrdat`ræstbads y r`trbkuabml`s i`n p`rsmldn `v`ltudn s`rä i`t`rfbldim pmr `n Sn`lm i` adid Amrpmrdabñl, dn amfb`lzm i` su fdlidtm. @stds i`t`rfbldabml`s smnm pmiräl fmibhbadrs` aml fmtbvm i` nd dprmkdabñl i` nms Sr`supu`stms dludn` dludn`s. s. @n lmfkrdfb`ltm y a`s` i` `stms hulabmldrbms `s nbkr` y amrr`spmli` dn Dnadni` m dn Sr`sbi`lt` i` nd @ltbidi nmadn amrr`spmlib`lt`. A`sdl dutmfätbadf`lt` `l tmim adsm audlim s` prmiuzad `n a`s` m `xpbr` `n fdlidtm i` nd dutmrbidi d nd qu` pr`st`l su hulabñl i` amlhbdlzd m ds`smrdfb`ltm.

 

Nms lmfkrdfb`ltms i` hulabmldrbms i` `fpn`m, `n râebf`l i` sus r`trbkuabml`s y su i`ibadabñl s`  puknbadräl `l `n `n Kmn`tæl Mhbabdn i` nd Srmvblabd y, `l su adsm, `l `n prmpbm prmpbm i` nd Amrpmrdabñl. Amrpmrdabñl. Nms pu`stms i` trdkdom r`s`rvdims d `st` tbpm i` p`rsmldn i`k`räl hbeurdr `l nd pndltbnnd i` p`rsmldn i` nd Amrpmrdabñl. Smiräl s`r i`s`fp`ôdims pmr p`rsmldn `v`ltudn i`t`rfbldims pu`stms i` trdkdom i` adräat`r ibr`atbvm, blanubims `l nd r`ndabñl i` pu`stms i` trdkdom i` nd Amrpmrdabñl, i` dau`rim aml nm qu` ibspmledl nds lmrfds qu` ibat` `n @stdim pdrd su amlh`aabñl. @l `stms supu`stms, `n p`rsmldn `v`ltudn i`k`rä r`ulbr nds amlibabml`s `sp`aæhbads qu` s` `xbodl d nms hulabmldrbms qu` pu`idl i`s`fp`ôdr ibagms pu`stms. @l lbleÿl adsm `n i`s`fp`ôm i` ul pu`stm i` trdkdom r`s`rvdim d p`rsmldn `v`ltudn amlstbtubrä fârbtm pdrd `n daa`sm d nd hulabñl pÿknbad m d nd prmfmabñl blt`rld.

9. I@[@AGMQ R I@K@[@Q I@ NMQ HPLABMLD[BMQ SßKNBAMQ NMADN@Q  9.4. LM[FDYBXD DSNBADKN@ Nd r`ndabñl `stdkn`abid `ltr` nms hulabmldrbms y nds Amrpmrdabml`s Nmadn` Nmadn`ss `s uld r`ndabñl i` s`rvbabms qu` `stä `lfdradid `l ul râebf`l ouræibam e`l`rdn amlt`lbim prblabpdnf`lt` `l nds sbeub`lt`s lmrfds?   m  m

  m 

m

N`y 5/I`ar`tm 4270, i` ; i` dkrbn,574/ r`eundimrd [`dn N`ebsndtbvm 4278, i`i`47ndsi`kds`s dkrbn,i`n pmrrâebf`l `n qu` s`nmadn dpru`kd `n Y`xtm [`hulibim i` ibspmsbabml`s vbe`lt`s `l fdt`rbd i` râebf`l nmadn N`y 13/ 4279, i` ; i` demstm, smkr` f`ibids pdrd nd r`hmrfd i` nd hulabñl pÿknbad N`y 01/4279, i` ;8 i` ibab`fkr`, i` blamfpdtbkbnbidi`s i`n p`rsmldn dn s`rvbabm i` nds difblbstrdabml`s pÿknbads

9.;. I@[@AGMQ I@ NMQ HPLABMLD[BMQ SßKNBAMQ NMADN@Q Nms i`r`agms i` nms hulabmldrbms pÿknbams nmadn`s, s` amlar`tdl `l nms sbeub`lt`s?   m  m  m

m

    m  m  m  m  m

  m  m  m

I`r`agm dn adrem I`r`agm d nd bldfmvbnbidi i` r`sbi`labd I`r`agm i` p`rh`aabmldfb`ltm I`r`agm dn r`sp`tm i` su bltbfbidi bltbfb idi y d nd amlsbi`rdabñl i`kbid d su ibelbidi I`r`agm d ul gmrdrbm i` omrldid o mrldid ndkmrdn I`r`agm d nd prmfmabñl prmh`sbmldn I`r`agm d nd fmvbnbidi blt`rdifblbstrdtbvd I`r`agm d r`amfp`lsds, p`rfbsms, nba`labds y vdadabml`s r`trbkubids I`r`agm d uld di`audid dsbst`labd fâibam-hdrfdaâutbad, fâibam-hdrfdaâutbad, qu` blanubrä nd qubrÿrebad y i` `sp`abdnbidi`s I`r`agm i` gu`ned I`r`agm i` sblibadabñl I`r`agm d r`trbkuabml`s oustds y di`audids, dsæ amfm d bli`flbzdabml`s `l nms adsms amlt`fpndims lmrfdtbvdf`lt`

Dneulms i` `stms i`r`agms nms i`sdrrmnndfms d amltbludabñl.

9.;.4. I`r`agm dn adrem 

 

Q` ds`eurd d nms hulabmldrbms i` adrr`rd `l nds @ltbidi`s nmadn`s `n i`r`agm dn adrem, sbl p`roubabm i` su disarbpabñl d ulms u mtrms pu`stms i` trdkdom, `h`atudid i`ltrm i` sus amfp`t`labds r`sp`atbvds  pmr nms ibstbltms ñredlms ñredlms amfp`t`l amfp`t`lt`s t`s `l fdt`rbd i` hulabmldrbms pÿknbam pÿknbamss nmadn`s.

9.;.;. I`r`agm d nd bldfmvbnbidi i` r`sbi`labd  Nms hulabmldrbms aml gdkbnbtdabñl i` adräat`r ldabmldn emzdräl i`n i`r`agm d nd bldfmvbnbidi `l nd r`sbi`labd. Ydfkbâl `stdräl dsbstbims i`n i`r`agm i` bldfmvbnbidi `l nd r`sbi`labd nms i`fäs hulabmldrbms, `l audltm `n s`rvbabm nm amlsb`ltd.

9.;.1. I`r`agm i` p`rh`aabmldfb`ltm   @n i`r`agm i` p`rh`aabmldfb`ltm tb`l` nd imkn` v`rtb`lt` i` i`r`agm-i`k`r pdrd nms hulabmldrbms  pÿknbams nmadn`s. nmadn`s. @l nd v`rtb`lt` ii`` i`r`agm dp dpnbadkn`, nbadkn`, s` aml amlar`td ar`td `l `n i`r`agm i`r`agm d p`rfbsms pdrd pdrd nd dsbst`labd d aursms i` s`n`aabñl, hmrfdabñl y p`rh`aabmldfb`ltm, dsæ amfm `l `n i`r`agm d p`rfbsms  pdrd amlaurrbr d `xäf`l`s hbldn`s hbldn`s y i`fäs pru` pru`kds kds i`hblbtbvds i` dptbtui y `vdnud `vdnudabñl abñl `l A`ltrms mhbabdn`s, iurdlt` nms iæds i` su a`n`krdabñl.

9.;.9. I`r`agm dn r`sp`tm i` su bltbfbidi y d nd amlsbi`rdabñl i`kbid d su ibelbidi  Nds Amrpmrdabml`s nmadn`s ibsp`lsdräl ibsp`lsdräl d sus hulabmldrbms nd prmt`aabñl qu` r`qub`r` `n `o`rababm i` sus adrems, y n`s mtmredräl nms trdtdfb`ltms y amlsbi`rdabml`s smabdn`s i`kbims d su rdlem y d nd ibelbidi i` nd hulabñl pÿknbad.

9.;.0. I`r`agm d nd prmfmabñl prmh`sbmldn  @n i`r`agm d nd prmfmabñl prmh`sbmldn s` amlar`td `l vdrbms blstruf`ltms qu` dldnbzdfms d amltbludabñl.

9. ;.0.D) @n erdim p`rsmldn  Nms pu`stms i` trdkdom s` andsbhbadl `l 13 lbv`n`s. Nms Erupms i` andsbhbadabñl i` nms pu`stms i` trdkdom (i`n D dn @) s` amrr`spmli`l aml ulms blt`rvdnms i` `sms 13 lbv`n`s qu` sml i`t`rfbldims pmr `n Emkb`rlm y nms Ñredlms i` Emkb`rlm i` nds Amfulbidi`s Dutñlmfds. Nms blt`rvdnms i` nms lbv`n`s i` pu`stms i` trdkdom qu` amrr`spmli`l d adid Au`rpm m @sadnd i` nd Difblbstrdabñl i`n @stdim, i` dau`rim aml `n Erupm `l `n qu` hbeur`l andsbhbadims, sml nms sbeub`lt`s?

Au`rpms @sadnds  Lbv`n fælbfm  Lbv`n fäxbfm  Erupm D ;3 13 Erupm K 48 ;8 Erupm A 44 ;; Erupm I 2 47 Erupm @ 5 49 Ymim hulabmldrbm pms`` ul erdim p`rsmldn qu` amrr`spmli`rä d dneulm i` nms lbv`n`s `l qu` s` andsbhbqu`l nms pu`stms i` trdkdom. @n erdim p`rsmldn s` diqub`r` pmr `n i`s`fp`ôm i` ulm m fäs pu`stms i` lbv`n amrr`spmlib`lt` iurdlt` ims dôms amltbludims m tr`s aml blt`rrupabñl. Qb iurdlt` `n tb`fpm `l qu` `n hulabmldrbm i`s`fp`ôd ul pu`stm s` fmibhbads` `n lbv`n i`n fbsfm, f bsfm, `n tb`fpm i` i`s`fp`ôm s` amfputdrä aml `n lbv`n fäs dntm `l qu` ibagm pu`stm gukb`rd `stdim andsbhbadim.

 

 Lm mkstdlt` nm ibspu`stm ibspu`stm `l ``nn pärrdhm dlt`rbmr, nms hula hulabmldrbms bmldrbms qu` mmkt`ledl kt`ledl ul pu`stm pu`stm i` trdkdom sup`rbmr `l fäs i` ims lbv`n`s amrr`spmlib`lt`s amrr`spmlib`lt`s d su erdim p`rsmldn, amlsmnbidräl adid ims dôms i` s`rvbabms amltbludims `n erdim sup`rbmr `l ims lbv`n`s dn qu` pms`y`s`l, sbl qu` `l lbleÿl adsm  pu`idl sup`rdr sup`rdr `n amrr`spmlib`l amrr`spmlib`lt` t` dn i`n pu`s pu`stm tm i`s`fp`ôd i`s`fp`ôdim. im. Nd diqubsbabñl y nms adfkbms i` erdim s` blsarbkbräl `l `n [`ebstrm i` S`rsmldn pr`vbm r`amlmabfb`ltm pmr `n Quks`ar`tdrbm i`n I`pdrtdf`ltm r`sp`atbvm y Ñredlms dlänmems i` nds i`fäs Difblbstrdabml`s Sÿknbads. @n erdim p`rsmldn pmirä diqubrbrs` tdfkbâl f`ibdlt` nd sup`rdabñl i` aursms `sp`aæhbams u mtrms r`qubsbtms mko`tbvms qu` s` i`t`rfbl`l pmr `n Emkb`rlm, m `l `n äfkbtm i` sus amfp`t`labds, pmr `n Amls`om i` Emkb`rlm i` nds Amfulbidi`s Dutñlmfds, y `n Sn`lm i` nds Amrpmrdabml`s Nmadn`s. @n prma`ibfb`ltm i` daa`sm d nms aursms y nd hbodabñl i` nms mtrms r`qubsbtms mko`tbvms s` hulidrä `xanusbvdf`lt` `l arbt`rbms i` fârbtm y adpdabidi y nd s`n`aabñl i`k`rä r`dnbzdrs` f`ibdlt` amlaursm.

9.;.0. K) Nd edrdltæd i`n lbv`n i`n pu`stm i` trdkdom  Nms hulabmldrbms t`liräl i`r`agm, audnqub`rd qu` s`d `n pu`stm i` trdkdom qu` i`s`fp`ô`l, i`s`fp`ô`l, dn  p`rabkm dn f`lms f`lms i`n amfpn`f`ltm i` i`stblm i` nms pu`stms i`n lbv` lbv`nn amrr`spmlib`lt` d su erdim  p`rsmldn. Nms hulabmldrbms qu` a`s`l `l ulqu`id pu`stm tr dkdom, sbl mkt`l`r trdkdom, mtrm pmr n msIbr`atmr sbst`fdsi`n Mredlbsfm,  pr`vbstms `l `n `n drtæaunm dlt`rbmr, qu`idräl räli`d ibspmsbabñl i`n Quks`ar` Quks`ar`tdrbm, tdrbm,nms Mredlbsfm, I`n`edim i`n Emkb`rlm m Quki`n`edim i`n Emkb`rlm u ñredlms dlänmems i` nds i`fäs Difblbstrdabml`s, qu` n`s dtrbkubräl `n i`s`fp`ôm prmvbsbmldn i` ul pu`stm amrr`spmlib`lt` d su Au`rpm m @sadnd. Qbl p`roubabm i` nm ibspu`stm `l `n pärrdhm dlt`rbmr, qub`l`s a`s`l pmr dnt`rdabñl i`n amlt`lbim m supr`sbñl i` sus pu`stms `l nds r`ndabml`s i` pu`stms i` trdkdom, amltbludräl p`rabkb`lim, `l tdltm s` n`s dtrbkuy` mtrm pu`stm, y iurdlt` ul pndzm fäxbfm i` tr`s f`s`s, nds r`trbkuabml`s amfpn`f`ltdrbds amrr`spmlib`lt`s amrr`spmlib` lt`s dn pu`stm suprbfbim m auym amlt`lbim gdyd sbim dnt`rdim. @n tb`fpm i` p`rfdl`labd `l nd sbtudabñl i` s`rvbabms `sp`abdn`s s`rä amfputdim, d `h`atms i` amlsmnbidabñl i`n erdim p`rsmldn, amfm pr`stdim `l `n ÿntbfm pu`stm i`s`fp`ôdim i`s`fp`ôdim `l nd sbtudabñl sbt udabñl i` s`rvbabm datbvm m `l `n qu` pmst`rbmrf`lt` s` gukb`rd mkt`lbim pmr amlaursm.

9.;.0. A) Srmfmabñl blt`rld  Nd prmfmabñl blt`rld amlsbst` `l `n dsa`lsm i`si` Au`rpms m @sadnds i` ul Erupm i` tbtundabñl d mtrm i`n blf`ibdtm sup`rbmr m `l `n daa`sm d Au`rpms m @sadnds i`n fbsfm Erupm i` tbtundabñl. Nd prmfmabñl blt`rld s` `h`atudrä f`ibdlt` `n sbst`fd i` mpmsbabñl m amlaursm-mpmsbabñl, aml suo`abñl d nms prblabpbms i` beudnidi, fârbtm, adpdabidi y puknbabidi. @l `n sbst`fd i` amlaursm-mpmsba amlaursm-mpmsbabñl bñl nds amlvmadtmrbds pmiräl hbodr uld pultudabñl fælbfd pdrd daa`i`r d nd hds` i` mpmsbabñl. @l lbleÿl adsm nd pultudabñl mkt`lbid `l nd hds` i` amlaursm pmirä dpnbadrs` pdrd sup`rdr nms `o`rababms i` nd hds` i` mpmsbabñl. Nds pru`kds i` prmfmabñl blt`rld, `l nds qu` i`k`räl r`sp`tdrs` nms prblabpbms i` beudnidi, fârbtm, adpdabidi y puknbabidi, pmiräl nn`vdrs` d adkm `l amlvmadtmrbds bli`p`lib`lt`s i` nds i` bler`sm

 

audlim, pmr amlv`lb`labd i` nd pndlbhbadabñl e`l`rdn i` nms r`aursms gufdlms, dsæ nm dutmrba` `n Emkb`rlm m `n ñredlm amfp`t`lt` i` nds i`fäs Difblbstrdabml`s pÿknbads. Sdrd pdrtbabpdr `l pru`kds i` prmfmabñl blt`rld nms hulabmldrbms i`k`räl t`l`r uld dltbeþ`idi i`, dn f`lms, ims dôms `l `n Au`rpm m @sadnd d qu` p`rt`l`zadl `n iæd i` nd hbldnbzdabñl i`n pndzm i`  pr`s`ltdabñl i` i` smnbabtui`s i` pdrtbabpdabñl y pm pms``r s``r nd tbtundabñl y ``nn r`stm i` nms r`qubs r`qubsbtms btms `stdkn`abims aml adräat`r e`l`rdn pdrd `n daa`sm dn Au`rpm m @sadnd `l `n qu` dspbrdl d bler`sdr.

D) Srmfmabñl i`si` Au`rpms m @sadnds i` ul erupm i` tbtundabñl d mtrm i`n blf`ibdtm sup`rbmr   @l nds amlvmadtmrbds pmirä `stdkn`a`rs` nd `x`labñl i` nds pru`kds smkr` dqu`nnds fdt`rbds auym amlmabfb`ltm s` gdyd dar`ibtdim suhbab`lt`f`lt` `l nds i` bler`sm dn Au`rpm m @sadnd i` mrbe`l. Nms hulabmldrbms qu` daa`idl d mtrms Au`rpms y @sadnds pmr `n turlm i` prmfmabñl blt`rld t`liräl, `l tmim adsm, pr`h`r`labd pdrd aukrbr nms pu`stms vdadlt`s i` nd r`sp`atbvd amlvmadtmrbd smkr` nms dspbrdlt`s qu` lm prma`idl i` `st` turlm. Nms hulabmldrbms i` prmfmabñl blt`rld pmiräl amls`rvdr, d p`tbabñl prmpbd, `n erdim p`rsmldn qu` gukb`rdl amlsmnbidim, amlsmnbidim, sb`fpr` qu` s` `lau`ltr` blanubim `l `n blt`rvdnm i` lbv`n`s amrr`spmlib`l amrr`spmlib`lt` t` dn Au`rpm m @sadnd d qu` daa`idl. @n tb`fpm t b`fpm i` s`rvbabms pr`stdims `l nms i` mrbe`l `l nds dlt`rbmr`s amlibabml`s pmirä s`r i` dpnbadabñl, d su smnbabtui, pdrd nd amlsmnbidabñl i`n erdim p`rsmldn `l `n lu`vm Au`rpm m @sadnd. Nds vdadlt`s amlvmadids pdrd prmfmabñl blt`rld qu` qu`i`l i`sb`rtds, pmr lm gdk`r mkt`lbim nms dspbrdlt`s nd pultudabñl fælbfd `xbebid pdrd nd sup`rdabñl i` nds amrr`spmlib`lt`s pru`kds, pru`kds, s` daufundräl d nds qu` s` mhr`zadl dn r`stm i` nms dspbrdlt`s i` daa`sm nbkr`, sdnvm `l `n adsm i` amlvmadtmrbdss bli`p`lib`lt`s i` prmfmabñl blt`rld. amlvmadtmrbd

K) Srmfmabñl d Au`rpms m @sadnds i`n fbsfm erupm i` tbtundabñl   Nd prmfmabñl d Au`rpms m @sadnds i`n fbsfm erupm i` tbtundabñl i`k`rä `h`atudrs`, aml r`sp`tm d nms  prblabpbms i` fârbtm y adpdabidi adpdabidi,, `ltr` hulabmldrbms qqu` u` i`s`fp` i`s`fp`ô`l ô`l datbvbidi`s sustdlabdnf`lt` amblabi`lt`s m dlänmeds `l su amlt`lbim prmh`sbmldn y `l su lbv`n tâalbam. @l nds amlvmadtmrbds pdrd `n daa`sm d Au`rpms m @sadnds pmr `st` prma`ibfb`ltm i`k`rä `stdkn`a`rs` nd `x`labñl i` nds pru`kds `ladfbldids d dar`ibtdr nms amlmabfb`ltms yd `xbebims pdrd `n daa`sm dn Au`rpm m @sadnd i` mrbe`l, puib`lim vdnmrdrs` nms aursms y prmerdfds i` hmrfdabñl sup`rdims. Nds Difblbstrdabml`s Sÿknbads hdabnbtdräl nd prmfmabñl blt`rld amlsbst`lt` `l `n dsa`lsm i`si` Au`rpms m @sadnds i` ul Erupm i` tbtundabñl d mtrms i`n blf`ibdtm sup`rbmr. Nms hulabmldrbms i`k`räl pdrd `nnm pms``r nd tbtundabñl `xbebid pdrd `n bler`sm `l nms ÿntbfms, t`l`r uld dltbeþ`idi i` dn f`lms ims dôms `l `n Au`rpm m @sadnd d qu` p`rt`l`zadl, dsæ amfm r`ulbr nms r`qubsbtms y sup`rdr nds pru`kds qu` pdrd adid adsm `stdkn`zad `n Fblbst`rbm i` Difblbstrdabml`s Sÿknbads m `n Ñredlm amfp`t`lt` i` nds i`fäs Difblbstrdabml`s Sÿknbads. Ibagds pru`kds, `l nds qu` i`k`räl r`sp`tdrs` nms prblabpbms i` beudnidi, fârbtm y adpdabidi, pmiräl nn`vdrs` d adkm `l amlvmadtmrbds bli`p`lib`lt`s i` nds i` bler`sm audlim, pmr amlv`lb`labd i` nd  pndlbhbadabñl e`l`rdn e`l`rdn i` nms r`a r`aursms ursms gufdlms gufdlms,, dsæ nm dutmrba` ``nn Emkb`rlm m `n ñredlm ñredlm amfp`t`lt` i` nds i`fäs Difblbstrdabml`s Sÿknbads. Nms Hulabmldrbms qu` daa`idl d mtrms Au`rpms y @sadnds pmr `n sbst`fd i` prmfmabñl blt`rld t`liräl, `lqu` tmimlmadsm, pr`h`r`labd aukrbr nms pu`stms i` trdkdom vdadlt`s mh`rtdims smkr` nms dspbrdlt`s prma`idl i` `st`pdrd turlm. Dsbfbsfm, amls`rvdräl `n erdim p`rsmldn qu` gukb`rdl amlsmnbidim `l `n Au`rpm m @sadnd i`  prma`i`labd,, sb`fpr` qu` s` `lau`ltr` blanu  prma`i`labd blanubim bim `l `n blt`rvdnm ii`` lbv`n`s amrr`sp amrr`spmlib`lt`s mlib`lt`s dn lu` lu`vm vm

 

Au`rpm m @sadnd y `n tb`fpm i` s`rvbabms pr`stdims `l dqu`nnms s`rä i` dpnbadabñl, `l su adsm, pdrd nd amlsmnbidabñl i` erdim p`rsmldn `l `st`.

9.;.8. I`r`agm d r`amfp`lsds, p`rfbsms, nba`labds y vdadabml`s r`trbkubids   Nms hulabmldrbms i` nd Difblbstrdabñl Nmadn t`liräl i`r`agm d nds r`amfp`lsds, r`amfp`lsds, p`rfbsms, nba`labds y vdadabml`s r`trbkubids pr`vbstds `l nd n`ebsndabñl smkr` hulabñl pÿknbad i` nd Amfulbidi Dutñlmfd r`sp`atbvd y, supn`tmrbdf`lt`, `l nd dpnbadkn` d nms hulabmldrbms i` nd n d Difblbstrdabñl i`n @stdim. @l dpnbadabñl i` nm dlt`rbmr, s` amla`i`räl p`rfbsms pmr nds sbeub`lt`s adusds oustbhbadids?  

Smr `n ldabfb`ltm i` ul gbom y nd fu`rt` m `lh`rf`idi erdv` i` ul hdfbnbdr gdstd `n s`eulim erdim i` amlsdleublbidi m dhblbidi, ims iæds audlim `n sua`sm s` prmiuzad `l nd fbsfd nmadnbidi, y audtrm iæds audlim s`d `l ibstbltd nmadnbidi.

 

Smr trdsndim i` imfbabnbm sbl adfkbm i` r`sbi`labd, ul iæd.

 

Sdrd r`dnbzdr hulabml`s sblibadn`s, i` hmrfdabñl sblibadn m i` r`pr`s`ltdabñl i`n p`rsmldn, `l nms târfblms qu` s` i`t`rfbl`l r`endf`ltdrbdf`lt` r`endf`ltdrbdf`lt`..

 

Sdrd amlaurrbr d `xäf`l`s hbldn`s y i`fäs pru`kds i`hblbtbvds i` dptbtui y `vdnudabñl `l A`ltrms mhbabdn`s, iurdlt` nms iæds i` su a`n`krdabñl.

 

@n hulabmldrbm aml ul gbom f`lmr i` lu`v` f`s`s  t`lirä i`r`agm d uld gmrd ibdrbd i` dus`labd i`n trdkdom. @st` p`ræmim i` tb`fpm pmirä ibvbibrs` `l ims hrdaabml`s m sustbtubrs` pmr uld r`iuaabñl i` nd omrldid `l f`ibd gmrd.

 

@l nms adsms i` ldabfb`ltms i` gboms pr`fdturms m qu`, pmr audnqub`r adusd, i`kdl p`rfdl`a`r gmspbtdnbzdims d amltbludabñl i`n pdrtm, nd hulabmldrbd m `n hulabmldrbm t`liräl i`r`agm d dus`ltdrs` i`n trdkdom iurdlt` uld gmrd. Dsbfbsfm, t`liräl t `liräl i`r`agm d r`iuabr su omrldid i` trdkdom gdstd ul fäxbfm i` ; gmrds, aml nd ibsfbluabñl prmpmrabmldn i` sus r`trbkuabml`s. [`endf`ltdrbdf`lt` s` i`t`rfbldrä nd ibsfbluabñl i` omrldid i` trdkdom y nd r`iuaabñl prmpmrabmldn i` r`trbkuabml`s.

 

@n hulabmldrbm, qu` pmr rdzml`s i` eudrid n`edn t`led d su aubidim ibr`atm dneÿl f`lmr i` s`bs dôms, dlabdlm qu` r`qub`rd `sp`abdn i`ibadabñl m d ul ibsfblubim psæqubam m hæsbam qu` lm i`s`fp`ô` datbvbidi r`trbkubid, t`lirä i`r`agm d nd ibsfbluabñl i` su omrldid i` trdkdom, aml nd r`iuaabñl  prmpmrabmldn i` sus r`trbkuabml`s. [`endf`ltdrbdf`lt` [`endf`ltdrbdf`lt` ss`` i`t`rfbldrä nd ibs ibsfbluabñl fbluabñl i` omrldid omrldid i` trdkdom y nd r`iuaabñl r `iuaabñl prmpmrabmld prmpmrabmldnn i` r`trbkuabml`s.

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Smiräl amla`i`rs` p`rfbsms pmr `n tb`fpm blibsp`lsdkn` pdrd `n aufpnbfb`ltm i` ul i`k`r bl`xausdkn` i` adräat`r pÿknbam m p`rsmldn. @l `n supu`stm i` pdrtm, nd iurdabñl i`n p`rfbsm s`rä i` ib`absâbs s`fdlds blblt`rrufpbids, dfpnbdkn`s `l `n adsm i` pdrtm fÿntbpn` `l ims s`fdlds fäs pmr adid gbom d pdrtbr i`n s`eulim. @n  p`rfbsm s` ibstrbkubrä d mpabñl i` nd hulabmldrbd hulabmldrbd sb`fpr` qu` s`bs s`fdlds s`fdlds s`dl blf`ibdtdf`lt` blf`ibdtdf`lt`  pmst`rbmr`s dn pdrtm. pdrtm. @l adsm i` hdnn`abfb`ltm i` nd fdir`, fdir`, `n pdir` pmirä pmirä gda`r usm i` nd tmtdnbidi m, `l su adsm, i` nd pdrt` qu` r`st` r`st` i`n p`rfbsm. Lm mkstdlt` nm dlt`rbmr, y sbl p`roubabm i` nds s`bs s`bs s`fdlds blf`ibdtds pmst`rbmr`s dn pdrtm i` i`sadlsm mknbedtmrbm pdrd nd fdir`, `l `n adsm i` qu` nd fdir` y `n pdir` trdkdo`l, tr dkdo`l, âstd, dn blbabdrs` `n p`ræmim i` i`sadlsm pmr fdt`rlbidi, pmirä mptdr pmr qu` `n kb`l pdir`i`ibshrut` i` uld pdrt`m i`t`rfbldid i`n p`ræmim i`sadlsm i` pmst`rbmr dn  pdrtm, hmrfd sbfuntäl`d ssua`sbvd ua`sbvd aml``nblblt`rrufpbid i` nd fdir`, sdnvm qu` `l i` `n `n fmf`ltm su `h`atbvbidi nd blamrpmrdabñl dn trdkdom i` nd fdir` supmled ul rb`sem pdrd su sdnui.

 

 

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@l nms adsms i` pdrtm pr`fdturm y `l dqu`nnms `l qu`, pmr audnqub`r mtrd adusd, `n l`mldtm i`kd  p`rfdl`a`r gmspbtdnbzdim gmspbtdnbzdim d aml amltbludabñl tbludabñl i`n pdrtm, ``nn p`rfbsm, pmirä amfputdrs`, d blstdlabd blstdlabd i` nd fdir` m, `l su i`h`atm, i`n pdir` d pdrtbr i` nd h`agd i`n dntd gmspbtdndrbd. Q` `xanuy`l i` ibagm añfputm nds prbf`rds 8 s`fdlds pmst`rbmr`s dn pdrtm, i` susp`lsbñl mknbedtmrbd, i`n amltrdtm i` nd fdir`. @l nms supu`stms i` dimpabñl m damebfb`ltm, tdltm pr`dimptbvm amfm p`rfdl`lt`, i` f`lmr`s i` gdstd s`bs dôms, `n p`rfbsm t`lirä uld iurdabñl i` ib`absâbs s`fdlds blblt`rrufpbids, dfpnbdkn`s `l `n supu`stm i` dimpabñl m damebfb`ltm fÿntbpn` `l ims s`fdlds fäs pmr adid gbom d pdrtbr i`n s`eulim, amltdids amltdids d nd `n`aabñl i`n hulabmldrbm, kb`l d pdrtbr i` nd i`absbñl difblbstrdtbvd m ouibabdn i` damebfb`ltm, kb`l d pdrtbr i` nd r`smnuabñl ouibabdn pmr nd qu` s` amlstbtuyd nd dimpabñl. Nd iurdabñl i`n p`rfbsm s`rä, dsbfbsfm, i` ib`absâbs s`fdlds `l nms supu`stms i` dimpabñl m damebfb`ltm i` f`lmr`s, fdymr`s i` s`bs dôms i` `idi, audlim s` trdt` tr dt` i` f`lmr`s ibsadpdabtdims m fblusvänbims m qu` pmr sus abraulstdlabds y `xp`rb`labds p`rsmldn`s m qu`, pmr prmv`lbr i`n `xtrdlo`rm, t`ledl `sp`abdn`s ibhbauntdi`s i` bls`rabñl smabdn y hdfbnbdr, i`kbidf`lt` dar`ibtdids pmr nms s`rvbabms smabdn`s amfp`t`lt`s. @l adsm i` qu` nd fdir` y `n pdir` trdkdo`l, t rdkdo`l, `n p`rfbsm s` ibstrbkubrä d mpabñl i` nms blt`r`sdims, qu` pmiräl ibshrutdrnm i` hmrfd sbfuntäl`d m sua`sbvd, sb`fpr` aml p`ræmims blblt`rrufpbims. @l nms adsms i` ibshrut` sbfuntäl`m i` p`ræmims i` i`sadlsm, nd sufd i` nms fbsfms lm pmirä `xa`i`r i` nds ib ib`absâbs `absâbs s`fdlds pr`vbstds `l nms dpdrtdims dlt`rbmr`s m i` nds qu` amrr`spmlidl `l adsm i` pdrtm fÿntbpn`.

 

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@l nms supu`stms i` dimpabñl blt`rldabmldn, audlim s`d l`a`sdrbm `n i`spndzdfb`ltm pr`vbm i` nms  pdir`s dn pdæs i` mrbe`l i`n di dimptdim, mptdim, `n p`rfbsm pr`vbstm pdrd adid adid adsm `l `n `n pr`s`lt` drtæaunm, drtæaunm,  pmirä blbabdrs` gdstd audtrm s`fd s`fdlds lds dlt`s i` nd r`smnuabñl pmr nd qu` s` amlstbtuy` amlstbtuy` nd dimpabñl dimpabñl  .

 

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Nms hulabmldrbms d qub`l`s hdnt`l f`lms i` ablam dôms pdrd aufpnbr nd `idi i` oukbndabñl hmrzmsd,  pmiräl mkt`l`r, mkt`l`r, d su smnbabtui nd r`iuaabñl i` su omrldid i` trdkdom gdstd ul f`ibm, aml nd r`iuaabñl i` r`trbkuabml`s qu` s` i`t`rfbl` r`endf`ltdrbdf`lt`, sb`fpr` qu` nds l`a`sbidi`s i`n s`rvbabm nm p`rfbtdl. Ibagd r`iuaabñl i` omrldid pmirä s`r smnbabtdid y mkt`lbid, i` fdl`rd t`fpmrdn, pmr dqu`nnms hulabmldrbms qu` nd pr`abs`l `l prma`sms i` r`aup`rdabñl pmr rdzñl i` `lh`rf`idi, sb`fpr` qu` nds l`a`sbidi`s i`n s`rvbabm nm p`rfbtdl.

Dsultms pdrtbaundr`s. 8 iæds r`trbkubims pmr adid dôm amfpn`tm i` s`rvbabms. Nds nba`labds d qu` tb`l` i`r`agm ul hulabmldrbm pÿknbam nmadn, n madn, aml adräat`r e`l`rdn, sml nds sbeub`lt`s? ▯

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Smr `lh`rf`idi. Gdstd tr`s f`s`s dn dôm aml pn`ld r`trbkuabñl sb`lim prmrrmedkn` pmr f`s`s. [b`sem iurdlt` `n `fkdrdzm `l nms fbsfms fb sfms târfblms qu` nd Bladpdabidi t`fpmrdn dlt`rbmr Smr fdtrbfmlbm. 40 iæds aml pn`lms i`r`agms `amlñfbams Smr `stuibms r`ndabmldims aml nd hulabñl pÿknbad. Smr dsultms prmpbms qu` lm pu`i`l `xa`i`r i` tr`s f`s`s adid ims dôms. Lm amlnn`vd i`r`agm d r`trbkuabñl.

9.;.8. I`r`agm d uld di`audid dsbst`labd fâibam-hdrfdaâutbad, qu` blanubrä nd qubrÿrebad y i` `sp`abdnbidi`s  Nds @ltbidi`s nmadn`s, `stdräl mknbedids `l nms târfblms i` nd n`ebsndabñl vbe`lt` d hdabnbtdr d sus hulabmldrbms uld di`audid dsbst`labd fâibam-hdrfdaâutbad, qu` blanubrä nd qubrÿrebad y i` `sp`abdnbidi`s.

9.;.5. I`r`agm i` gu`ned 

 

@l `n adsm i` `o`rababm i`n i`r`agm i` gu`ned, g`fms i` t`l`r `l au`ltd qu` `s mknbedtmrbd nd  pr`stdabñl i` s`rvbabms fælbfms. D ``stms stms `h`atms, tb`l` tb`l`ll tdn amlsbi`rda amlsbi`rdabñl bñl nms sbeub`lt`s? sbeub`lt`s? ▯

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Q`rvbabm i` r`ebstrm i` imauf`ltms Q`rvbabms i` blhmrfdabñl Q`rvbabms i` amltrmn i` daa`sm d nms a`ltrms pÿknbams Q`rvbabms t`n`hñlbams Sdrqu` Fñvbn Q`rvbabms i` Adod Q`rvbabms i` dragbvm e`l`rdn y kbknbmt`ads pÿknbads Q`rvbabms i` dyuid imfbabnbdrbd Q`rvbabms i` sdnui pÿknbad A`ltrms i` dt`labñl `sp`abdn Q`rvbabms i` nbfpb`zd i` a`ltrms dsbst`labdn`s, amn`ebms y eudri`ræds Q`rvbabms i` p`rsmldn qu` edrdltba`l nd r`dnbzdabñl i` nd omrldid ndkmrdn i`n p`rsmldn qu` lm s` `lau`ltr` `l sbtudabñl i` gu`ned Q`rvbabms d nms qu` amrr`spmlid nd trdfbtdabñl i` dqu`nnds datudabml`s i` pndzms  pr`anusbvms amblabi`lt`s amblabi`lt`s am amll `n iæd i` gu` gu`ned ned auym blaufpnbfb`ltm blaufpnbfb`ltm pu`id supml`r supml`r nd  pâribid m p`roubabm p`roubabm erdv`s i` i`r`agms i`r`agms m blt`r` blt`r`s`s s`s i` t`ra`rds t`ra`rds p`rsmlds Q`rvbabms blhmrfätbams d tb`fpm r`dn Dkdst`abfb`ltm i` deud d pmkndabml`s Blsp`aabñl i` s`rvbabms Dqu`nnms mtrms qu` amlibabml`l `n lmrfdn i`s`lvmnvbfb`ltm i` nms dlt`rbmr`s

9.;.7. I`r`agm d r`trbkuabñl Nms hulabmldrbms i` Difblbstrdabñl Nmadn sñnm s`räl r`ful`rdims pmr nds A Amrpmrdabml`s mrpmrdabml`s r`sp`atbvds r`sp`atbvds,,  pmr nms amla`ptms amla`ptms `stdkn`abims `l `n drtæaunm ;1 i` nd N`y 13/4279, 13/4279, i` ; i` demstm. demstm. @l su vbrtui, lm pmiräl pdrtbabpdr `l nd ibstrbkuabñl i` hmlims i` lbleuld ands` lb p`rabkbr r`ful`rdabml`ss ibstbltds d nnds r`ful`rdabml` ds amfpr`libids `l ibagd N`y lb, blanusm, pmr amlh`aabñl i` prmy`atms, m ibr`aabñl m blsp`aabñl i` mkrds, m pr`supu`stms, ds`smræds m `fbsbñl i` ibatäf`l`s ` blhmrf`s. Nds adltbidi`s prma`i`lt`s i` nms blibadims hmlims s` blanubräl `l `n pr`supu`stm p r`supu`stm i` bler`sms i` nds Amrpmrdabml`s. Nd `struaturd, arbt`rbms i` vdnmrdabñl mko`tbvd, `l su adsm, y audltæds i` nds ibv`rsds r`trbkuabml`s i` nms hulabmldrbms i` Difblbstrdabñl Nmadn, Nmadn, s` r`ebräl pmr nm ibspu`stm `l `n drtæaunm 21 i` nd N`y 5/4270, i` ; i` dkrbn. Nds r`trbkuabml`s i` nms hulabmldrbms sml käsbads y amfpn`f`ltdrbd amfpn`f`ltdrbds. s. Qml r`trbkuabml`s käsbads?   

@n su`nim, qu` amrr`spmli` dn æliba` i` prmpmrabmldnbidi pr mpmrabmldnbidi dsbeldim dsbeldim d adid ulm i` nms erupms `l qu` s` mredlbzdl nms Au`rpms y @sadnds, Ands`s m Adt`emræds.

 

Nms trb`lbms, amlsbst`lt`s `l uld adltbidi beudn pdrd adid erupm, pmr adid tr`s dôms i` s`rvbabm `l `n Au`rpm m @sadnd, Ands` m Adt`emræd.

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Nds pdeds `xtrdmribldrbds, qu` s`räl ims dn dômnms pmrf`s`s ul bfpmrt` fælbfm adid uld i` `nnds i` uld f`lsudnbidi i`n su`nim y trb`lbms, s` i` i`v`ledräl i` oulbm y ibab`fkr`.

 

@l r`ndabñl aml nms trb`lbms trb `lbms `s bfpmrtdlt` fdtbzdr qu` `l `n adsm i` qu` ul hulabmldrbm pr`st` sus s`rvbabms sua`sbvdf`lt` sua`sbvdf`lt` `l ibh`r`lt`s Au`rpms, @sadnds, Ands`s m Adt`emræds i` ibstbltm erupm i` andsbhbadabñl, t`lirä i`r`agm d s`eubr p`rabkb`lim nms trb`lbms i`v`ledims `l nms n ms erupms dlt`rbmr`s.  Audlim ul hulabmldrbm adfkb` i` disarbpabñl d erupm dlt`s i` amfpn`tdr ul trb`lbm, nd hrdaabñl i` tb`fpm trdlsaurrbid s` amlsbi`rdrä amfm tb`fpm i` s`rvbabms pr`stdims `l `n lu`vm erupm. Nds audltæds i` nds r`trbkuabml`s käsbads s`räl beudn`s `l tmids nds Difblbstrdabml`s Sÿknbads pdrd adid ulm i` nms erupms `l qu` s` andsbhbadl nms Au`rpms, @sadnds, Adt`emræds m Ands`s i` hulabmldrbms. @n su`nim i` nms hulabmldrbms i`n erupm D lm pmirä `xa`i`r `l fäs i` tr`s v`a`s `n su`nim i` nms hulabmldrbms i`n erupm @. Nd audltæd i` nds r`trbkuabml`s käsbads, i` nms amfpn`f`ltms i` i`stblm dsbeldims d adid pu`stm i` trdkdom y i` nms amfpn`f`ltms `sp`a `sp`aæhbams æhbams y i` prmiuatbvbidi, `l su adsm, i`k`rä r`hn`odrs` pdrd adid `o`rababm pr`supu`stdrbm `l nd amrr`spmlib`lt` N`y i` Sr`supu`stms E`l`rdn`s i`n @stdim y hbeurdr `l nms Sr`supu`stms i` nds i`fäs Difblbstrdabml`s Sÿknbads. Qml r`trbkuabml`s amfpn`f`ltdrbds?   

@n amfpn`f`ltm i` i`stblm amrr`spmlib`lt` dn lbv`n i`n pu`stm qu` s` i`s`fp`ô`.

 

@n amfpn`f`ltm `sp`aæhbam i`stbldim d r`trbkubr nds amlibabml`s pdrtbaundr`s i` dneulms pu`stms i` trdkdom `l dt`labñl d su `sp`abdn ibhbauntdi tâalbad, i`ibadabñl, r`spmlsdk r`spmlsdkbnbidi, bnbidi, blamfpdtbkbnbidi,

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 p`nbermsbidi p`lmsbidi. @l lbl lbleÿl eÿl adsm ppmirä mirä dsbeldrs` f fäs äs i` ul amfpn`f`ltm amfpn`f`ltm `sp`aæhbam `sp`aæhbam d adid  pu`stm i` trdkdom. trdkmdom.  

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@n amfpn`f`ltm i` prmiuatbvbidi i`stbldim d r`trbkubr `n `sp`abdn r`libfb`ltm, nd datbvbidi `xtrdmribldrbd y `n blt`râs m blbabdtbvd aml qu` `n hulabmldrbm i`s`fp`ô` su trdkdom. Nds erdtbhbadabml`s pmr s`rvbabms `xtrdmribldrbms, hu`rd i` nd omrldid lmrfdn, qu` `l lbleÿl adsm  pmiräl s`r hbods `l `l su audltæd y p`rbñibads `l ssuu i`v`lem. @n ibshrut` i` nds r`trbkuabml`s amfpn`f`ltdrbd amfpn`f`ltdrbdss lm ar`drä i`r`agms diqubrbims `l hdvmr i` nms hulabmldrbms, sdnvm nm `stdkn`abim n`ednf`lt` r`sp`atm i`n erdim amlsmnbidim `l r`ndabñl aml `n lbv`n i` amfpn`f`ltm i` i`stblm. Nd dyuid hdfbnbdr, nds bli`flbzdabml`s pmr rdzñl i`n s`rvbabm m pmr r`sbi`labd `l ab`rtms nuedr`s i`n t`rrbtmrbm ldabmldn i`n p`rsmldn dn s`rvbabm i` nds Amrpmrdabml`s Nmadn`s qu` t`ledl i`r`agm d `nnds, s`räl nds fbsfds qu` amrr`spmlidl dn p`rsmldn dn s`rvbabm i` nd Difblbstrdabñl i`n @stdim. @l lbleÿl adsm, gdkrä i`r`agm d p`rabkbr bli`flbzdabñl pmr adsd-gdkbtdabñl. Nms hulabmldrbms p`rabkbräl nds bli`flbzdabml` bli`flbzdabml`ss amrr`spmlib`lt`s pmr rdzñl i`n s`rvbabm.

0. @N QBQY@FD I@ Q@EP[BIDI QMABDN I@N S@[QMLDN DN Q@[XBABM I@ NMQ @LY@Q NMADN@Q  Nms hulabmldrbms pÿknbams nmadn`s s` `lau`ltrdl blanubims `l `n [âebf`l E`l`rdn i` nd Q`eurbidi Qmabdn `l dpnbadabñl i`n [`dn I`ar`tm 973/ 4221, i` ; i` dkrbn, pmr tdltm, `s `n râebf`l e`l`rdn `n qu` s`rä mko`tm i` `stuibm `l `st` dpdrtdim, r`eundim `l `n [`dn I`ar`tm N`ebsndtbvm 4/4229, i` ;3 i`  oulbm, pmr `n qu` s` dpru`kd `n `n Y`xtm [`hulibim i` nd N`y E`l`rd E`l`rdnn i` nd Q`eurbidi Qmabdn. Qmabdn. 0.4. AD[DAY@[ÆQYBADQ I@N QBQY@FD @QSDÔMN I@ Q@EP[BIDI QMABDN Nd Q`eurbidi Qmabdn (Q.Q.) `s `n amloultm i` f`ibids dimptdids pmr `n @stdim, `stdkn`ab`lim ulms i`t`rfbldims lbv`n`s i` prmt`aabñl i`n blibvbium hr`lt` d nms rb`sems qu` n` dh`atdl amfm fb`fkrm

 

i` nd smab`idi. @s ul Qbst`fd i` s`eurbidi `amlñfbad i`stbldim d nd prmt`aabñl i` i`t`rfbldids amn`atbvbidi`s i` p`rsmlds hr`lt` d i`t`rfbldids amltble`labd amltble`labdss qu` n` prmvmadl `stdims i` l`a`sbidi. @st` sbst`fd s` blspbrdrä `l lmrfds ouræibads y f`ibids i` adräat`r pÿknbam damri`s aml ulds ibr`atrba`s pmnætbads i`n pmi`r pÿknbam. Nd lmrfdtbvd r`eundimrd i`n sbst`fd i` nd Q`eurbidi `s fuy `xt`lsd y adfkbdlt`, sbl `fkdrem, `n fdram amlstbtuabmldn `l `n qu` s` gdl i` i ` fmv`r tmids `sds ibr`atrba`s pdsd, amfm r`amlma` nd Amlstbtuabñl i` 4.257 `l su drt. 94, pmr s`r ul "râebf`l pÿknbam" i`kbâlims` edrdltbzdr d tmims nms abuididlms ulds pr`stdabml`s suhbab`lt`s dlt` nds sbtudabml`s i` l`a`sbidi, `sp`abdnf`lt` `sp`abdnf`lt` `l adsm i` i`s`fpn`m, y p`rfbtbâlims` pr`stdabml`s amfpn`f`ltdrbds nbkr`s y vmnultdrbds, susa`ptbkn`s i` blt`rv`labñl i` `ltbidi`s prbvdids. Di`fäs, s` `stdkn`a` `l su drt.492.4.45 qu` `n @stdim tb`l`

amfp`t`labd `xanusbvd smkr`... „nd n`ebsndabñl käsbad käsb ad y râebf`l `amlñfbam i` nd QQQQ, sbl p`roubabm i` nd `o`auabñl i` sus s`rvbabms pmr nds AADD‖.  

Q` i`sdrrmnnd `std lmrfd , amfm n`ebsndabñl käsbad i`n Mri`ldfb`ltm Ouræibam @spdômn, `l `n [`dn I`ar`tm N`ebsndtbvm 4/29, i` ;3 i` oulbm, pmr `n qu` s` dpru`kd `n Y`xtm [`hulibim i` nd N`y E`l`rdn i` Q`eurbidi Qmabdn (NEQQ), qu` `ltrñ `l vbemr `n 4 i` s`ptb`fkr` i` 4.229. I` `std lmrfd s` i`rbvdl nms prblabpbms qu` blspbrdl `n hulabmldfb`ltm i`n Qbst`fd @spdômn i` Q.Q., y dsæ s`ôdndr`fms ablam lmtds adrdat`ræstbads i`n sbst`fd `spdômn i` nd Q.Q.?  

Qbst`fd i` e`stbñl pÿknbad.? @s nd prmpbd Difblbstrdabñl nd qu` s` `ladred i` nd n d e`stbñl i`n sbst`fd d trdvâs i` nds @ltbidi`s e`stmrds. Dulqu` nd Amlstbtuabñl `l su drt.- 94 `stdkn`a` ul

 

lbv`n amfpn`f`ltdrbm dn `stdkn`a`r pmsbkbnbidi s`rndim, e`stbmldid pmr `ltbidi`s prbvdids. Sdrtbabpdabñl i` nms blt`r`sdims `l nd e`stbñl? Smri` mtrm `n drt.- 4;2 i` nd Amlstbtuabñl

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s`ôdnd qu` „nd n`y `stdkn`a`rä nds hmrfds i` pdrtbabpdabñl i` nms blt`r`sdims `l nd Q.Q. y `l nd

 

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datbvbidi i` nms Mredlbsfms Sÿknbams auyd hulabñl dh`at` ibr`atdf`lt` d nd adnbidi i` nd vbid m dn kb`l`stdr e`l`rdn‖. Dsæ sml tr`s nms s`atmr`s smabdn`s ibr`atdf`lt` bfpnbadims (nd Difblbstrdabñl, nds `fpr`sds y nms trdkdodimr`s), hmrfdlim pdrt` i` nms ñredlms i` nds @ltbidi`s E`stmrds. Hbldlabdabñl trbpdrtbtd? supml` smpmrtdr `n amst` i`n Qbst`fd pmr `fpr`sdrbms, trdkdodimr`s y  pmr `n prmpbm @stdim. @stdim. Y`li`labd d nd ulbidi? supml` `n `stdkn`abfb`ltm pdundtblm i` ul ÿlbam sbst`fd i` QQQQ, t`lib`lim d nd i`sdpdrbabñl nms r`eæf`l`s y sbst`fds `sp`abdn`s i` QQQQ. Adr`labd i` älbfm i` nuarm? Q` fdlbhb`std `l `n r`pdrtm i`n amst` hbldlab`rm qu` supml` fdlt`l`r `n sbst`fd, sbl qu` s` pr`t`lid aml `n `stdkn`abfb`ltm i` aumtds suhrdedr mtrms edstms qu` lm s`dl nms prmpbms y `xanusbvms i`n sbst`fd i` nd QQQQ.

0.;. @QY[PAYP[D I@N QBQY@FD I@ Q@EP[BIDI QMABDN D nd vbstd i`n drt. 2 i` nd NEQQ s` ibstbleu`? d) [âebf`l E`l`rdn? Qbst`fds @sp`abdn`s.  k) [`eæf`l`s @sp`abdn`s. 0.1. [ÂEBF@L E@L@[DN @n Y`xtm [`hulibim `xanubids, `l sus drtsibh`r`labd 25 y 27. `ltr` blanusbml`s, m p`rsmlds blanubids, y `xanusbml`s, m p`rsmlds Käsbadf`lt`, s`d audn s`d nd fmidnbidi amltrbkutbvd, r`eundim `l `n Yætunm BB i` nd NEQQ, s` blt`erdl?

 

  m  m

4.- Nms trdkdodimr`s pmr au`ltd do`ld i` nd bliustrbd. ;.- Nms trdkdodimr`s pmr au`ltd do`ld i` nms s`rvbabms.

0.9. ND [@NDABÑL OP[ÆIBAD I@ DQ@EP[DFB@LYM? BLQA[BSABÑL I@ NDQ @FS[@QDQ, DHBNBDABÑL I@ NMQ Y[DKDODIM[@Q Y[DKDODIM[@Q,, DNYDQ R KDODQ  Gmy `l iæd pu`i` i`abrs` qu` `xbst`l ims erdli`s fmi`nms i` Q.Q., m nm qu` `s nm fbsfm ims hmrfds i` amlstbtubr nd r`ndabñl ouræibad i` ds`eurdfb`ltm? 4.- @n fmi`nm i` nd Q.Q. dsbst`labdn qu` s` adrdat`rbzd pmr dkdradr d tmid nd pmkndabñl, qu` qu`id dsæ amlv`rtbid `l k`l`hbabdrbd i` nd Q.Q., i` fmim dutmfätbam, pmr bfp`rdtbvm i` nd N`y, y sñnm pmr `n g`agm i` r`ulbr nd amlibabñl i` abuididlm. ;.- @n fmi`nm i` Q.Q. amltrbkutbvd, qu` s` adrdat`rbzd pmr nbfbtdr `n äfkbtm suko`tbvm i` dpnbadabñl i`n sbst`fd, i` tdn fmim qu` nd pmkndabñl prmt`ebid su`n` amblabibr aml dqu`nnds p`rsmlds qu` r`dnbzdl uld datbvbidi prmh`sbmldn, s`d pmr au`ltd prmpbd m do`ld. Nd rdzñl i` `nnm `stä `l nd hdntd i` r`aursms `amlñfbams qu` nbfbtdl nds pmsbkbnbidi`s i` prmt`aabñl. @l `st` sbst`fd nd n`y s` nbfbtd d bfpml`r, amblabib`lim aml i`t`rfbldims pr`supu`stms i` g`agm (amltrdtm i` trdkdom, datbvbidi  prmh`sbmldn, `ta.), `ta.), nd mknbedabñl n`ed n`ednn i` amlstbtubr nd r`nda r`ndabñl bñl ds`eurdimrd qu` qu` pmr `st` fmtbvm fmtbvm lm lda` dutmfätbadf`lt`, dutmfätbadf`lt`, sblm d trdvâs i` ul datm `sp`aæhbam qu` s` nndfd n ndfd dhbnbdabñl, amlhbeurdim amfm ul amltrmn f`lsudn, d hbl i` amlma`r `l adid fmf`ltm nds p`rsmlds blanubids `l `n sbst`fd. @st` sbst`fd amlnn`vd qu`, di`fäs, uld pdrt` bfpmrtdlt` i` nd hbldlabdabñl i`n fbsfm s` nn`v` d adkm pmr dpmrtdabml`s i` `fpr`sdrbms y trdkdodimr`s blanubims `l su adfpm i` dpnbadabñl. 1.- Oultm d nms ims fmi`nms dlt`rbmrf`lt` f`labmldims `xbstbræd ul t`ra`r sbst`fd, qu` gd ldabim amfm amls`au`labd amls`au`labd i` nd qub`krd m fdn hulabmldfb`ltm i` nms ims dlt`rbmr`s y `s `n sbst`fd prbvdim i` sdlbidi y nms pndl`s y hmlims i` p`lsbml`s.  Lu`strm sbst`fd i` i` Q.Q. `s käsbadf`lt` käsbadf`lt` ul ssbst`fd bst`fd i` kds` amltrbkutbvd qu` s` lutr` `l uld pdrt` pdrt` fuy bfpmrtdlt` i` su hbldlabdabñl pmr nds amltrbkuabml`s `sp`aæhbads `sp`aæhbads i` `fpr`sdrbms y tr trdkdodimr`s dkdodimr`s (f`ibdlt` sus amtbzdabml`s). Ibagds amltrbkuabml`s tmfdl au`rpm d trdvâs i` ulms amltrmn`s difblbstrdtbvms, qu` s` pndsfdl `l ul pr`supu`stm (pr`supu`stm r`suf`l i` nd Q.Q.), {blanubim `l nms SE@}, amltrmn`s difblbstrdtbvms qu` nms suo`tms d hbl h bl i` fdlt`l`r y amls`eubr `n `qubnbkrbm hbldlab`rm i` bler`sms y edstms, y qu` `stäl amlstbtubims pmr nd blsarbpabñl i` `fpr`sds y pmr nd dhbnbdabñl (dntds y kdods), i` nms suo`tms prmt`ebims. @l 4.223 s` bltrmiuom i`ltrm i`n sbst`fd i` nd Q.Q. pmr nd N`y ;8/4.223, i` ;3 i` Ibab`fkr`, `n sbst`fd i` pr`stdabml`s lm amltrbkutbvds, gdab`lim qu` `n sbst`fd r`spmlid, `l pdrt`, d nd fmidnbidi dsbst`labdn, dsæ pdrd `st` tbpm i` pr`stdabml`s pu`i` pu`i`ll s`r k`l`hbabdrbms tmims nms `spdômn`s r`sbi`lt`s `l t`rrbtmrbm ldabmldn dulqu` lm s` gdydl dhbnbdim lulad d nd Q.Q. lb gdydl amtbzdim `l lbleÿl fmf`ltm.

0.9.4. Blsarbpabñl i` `fpr`sds  Datudnf`lt` s` `lau`ltrd r`eundid nd blsarbpabñl i` `fpr`sds `l nd sbeub`lt` lmrfdtbvd käsbad? 4- @l nd N`y E`l`rdn i` nd Q`eurbidi Qmabdn, Y`xtm [`hulibim dprmkdim pmr [`dn I`ar`tm N`ebsndtbvm 4/4.229, i` ;3 i` oulbm. ;- @l `n [`endf`ltm E`l`rdn smkr` blsarbpabñl i` `fpr`sds y dhbnbdabñl, dntds, kdods y vdrbdabml`s i` idtms i` trdkdodimr`s i` nd Q`eurbidi Qmabdn, dprmkdim pmr `n [`dn I`ar`tm 79/4.228, i` ;8 i` `l`rm. 1- @l `n [`endf`ltm smkr` Amndkmrdabñl i` nds Futuds i` Daabi`lt`s i` Yrdkdom y @lh`rf`idi`s Srmh`sbmldn`s i` nd Q`eurbidi Qmabdn, dprmkdim pmr [`dn I`ar`tm ;03/4.225, i` ;4 i` h`kr`rm.

 

Nd blsarbpabñl i` `fpr`sds `s ul datm difblbstrdtbvm pmr `n qu` nd Y`smr`ræd E`l`rdn i` nd Q`eurbidi Qmabdn d smnbabtui i` ul `fpr`sdrbm r`dnbzd su blsarbpabñl `l `n Qbst`fd i` Q`eurbidi Qmabdn, qu` s`rä vänbim iurdlt` nd `xbst`labd i`n `fpr`sdrbm. Nds `fpr`sds, amfm r`qubsbtm pr`vbm ` blibsp`lsdkn` nd blbabdabñl i` su datbvbidi, smnbabtdräl su blsarbpabñl `l `n amrr`spmlib`lt` [âebf`l i`n Qbst`fd i` Q`eurbidi Qmabdn, gdab`lim amlstdr `l `s` fbsfm datm nd @ltbidi E`stmrd m, `l su adsm, nd futud i` daabi`lt`s i` trdkdom y `lh`rf`idi`s  prmh`sbmldn`s qu` gdydl i` dsufbr nd prmt`aa prmt`aabñl bñl pmr `stds am amltble`labds, ltble`labds, `s i`abr, i`abr, s`ôdndrä nd @ltbidi E`stmrd y/m nd `ltbidi m `ltbidi`s amndkmrdi amndkmrdimrds mrds i` nd Q`eurbidi Qmabdn pmr nd qu` mpt`. Q` amlsbi`rd `fpr`sdrbm `l `n râebf`l ouræibam i` nd Q`eurbidi smabdn, d tmid p`rsmld hæsbad m  ouræibad, pÿknbad m prbvdid m `lt` sbl p`rsmldnbidi ouræiba ouræibad, d, dul qu` su datbvbidi lm `stâ `stâ fmtbvdid pmr `n älbfm i` nuarm, d nd qu` pr`st`l s`rvbabms, aml nd amlsbi`rdabñl i` trdkdodimr`s pmr au`ltd do`ld, nd  p`rsmlds blanubids blanubids `l `n adfp adfpmm i` dpnbadabñl i` audnqub`r râe râebf`l bf`l i` nms qu` blt`erdl `n sbst`fd i` s`eurbidi smabdn. @s i`abr, s` n`s amlsbi`rdrä d tmims nms qu` `stäl mknbedims d r`dnbzdr nd blsarbpabñl dlt`rbmrf`lt` s`ôdndid. (Smr `o`fpnm, `l `n [âebf`l @sp`abdn i` @fpn`dims i`n Gmedr, s` amlsbi`rdrä `fpr`sdrbm `fpr`sdrbm `n tbtundr i`n gmedr hdfbnbdr m `n adk`zd i` hdfbnbd). Nd blsarbpabñl s` prdatbadrä `l `n fbsfm fb sfm datm i` pr`s`ltdabñl i` nd smnbabtui. @std, dsæ amfm nds amfulbadabml`s amfulbadabml `s mknbedtmrbds, gdkräl i` hmrfundrs` `l nms n ms fmi`nms y f`ibdlt` nms sbst`fds `stdkn`abims, qu` `stdräl d ibspmsbabñl i` nms blt`r`sdims `l nds i`p`li`labds difblbstrdtbvds. difblbstrdtbvds. @l tmim adsm, nd hdntd i` aufpnbfb`ltm i` dneÿl r`qubsbtm pr`a`ptbvm, sñnm fmtbvdrä `n r`qu`rbfb`ltm dn blt`r`sdim pdrd qu` `l `n pndzm i` ib`z iæds suksdl` nms i`h`atms m damfpdô` nms imauf`ltms l`a`sdrbms. Nds smnbabtui`s i` blsarbpabñl s` ibrbebräl d nd Ibr`aabñl Srmvblabdn i` nd Y`smr`ræd E`l`rdn i` nd Q`eurbidi Qmabdn m Difblbstrdabñl i` nd fbsfd `l auym äfkbtm t`rrbtmrbdn rdibqu` `n imfbabnbm i`n fbsfm. Ibagd smnbabtui i`k`rä amlt`l`r?  

m

 

m

  m  m  m

Bi`ltbhbadabñl i`n blt`r`sdim y nd bi`ltbhbadabñl i`n f`ibm pr`h`r`lt` y i`n nuedr qu` s` s`ôdn` d `h`atm i` lmtbhbadabml`s. I`lmfbldabñl,, imfbabnbm y datbvbidi i` nd `fpr`sd y sb pr`absd m lm qu` s` n` dsbel`l I`lmfbldabñl ibv`rsms añibems i` au`ltd i` amtbzdabñl dsæ amfm nms qu` r`sunt`l l`a`sdrbms pdrd nd e`stbñl i`n sbst`fd i` Q`eurbidi Qmabdn. Nuedr y h`agd i` nd smnbabtui. Hbrfd i`n smnbabtdlt` m dar`ibtdabñl i` su dut`ltbabidi `xpr`sdid pmr audnqub`r f`ibm. Ñredlm, a`ltrm m ulbidi difblbstrdtbvd d nd qu` s` ibrbe`.

Amfm `h`atms e`l`rdn`s i` nd blsarbpabñl y i` nd hmrfdnbzdabñl i` nd amk`rturd i` nds amltble`labds  prmh`sbmldn`s y pmr nd pr`stdabñl `amlñfbad ppmr mr bladpdabidi t`fp t`fpmrdn, mrdn, s` pu`i` s`ôdndr? s`ôdndr?   m 

m

Q` n` dsbeldrä `n "Añibem i` Au`ltd i` Amtbzdabñl" pdrd su bi`ltbhbadabñl lufârbad. Q` n` `ltr`edrä dn `fpr`sdrbm `n amrr`spmlib`lt` amrr`spmlib`lt` oustbhbadlt` i` nd blsarbpabñl dsbeldim, dsæ amfm, `l su adsm, nms i`fäs lÿf`rms m añibems i` au`ltd i` amtbzdabñl.

Nd blsarbpabñl `n `fpr`sdrbm s`rä ÿlbad y vänbid `l nms [`eæf`l`s i`n sbst`fd i` Q`eurbidi Qmabdn qu` s` i`t`rfbl`l, pdrd tmim `n t`rrbtmrbm i`n @stdim y pdrd tmid nd vbid i` nd n d p`rsmld hæsbad m ouræibad tbtundr i` nd `fpr`sd. Nd hmrfdnbzdabñl i` nd prmt`aabñl pmr daabi`lt` i` trdkdom y `lh`rf`idi`s prmh`sbmldn`s i` nd amk`rturde`stmrd i` nd pr`stdabñl `amlñfbad pmr bladpdabidi i`t`rfbld nd r`spmlsdkbnbidi i` nd @ltbidi m amndkmrdimrd qu` gukb`s` dsufbim ndt`fpmrdn, prmt`aabñl. Pld v`z blsarbtm, `n `fpr`sdrbm amfulbadrä nd vdrbdabml`s qu` s` prmiuzadl `l nms idtms i`andrdims `l su blsarbpabñl d nd Q`eurbidi Qmabdn, i`ltrm i`n pndzm i` s`bs iæds, sdnvm `l `n adsm i` adfkbm i`

 

`ltbidi qu` aukrd nds amltble`labds i` daabi`lt`s i` trdkdom y `lh`rf`idi`s prmh`sbmldn`s, `l auym supu`stm s` pr`s`ltdrä aml uld dlt`ndabñl i` ib`z iæds. Nd amfulbadabñl i` vdrbdabml`s brä ibrbebid d nd Ibr`aabñl Srmvblabdn i` nd Y`smr`ræd E`l`rdn i` nd Q`eurbidi Qmabdn m Difblbstrdabñl i` nd fbsfd `l nd prmvblabd `l qu` s` hmrfunñ nd blsarbpabñl. Beudnf`lt` gdkrä i` s`r amfulbadid d ibagd Ibr`aabñl Srmvblabdn nd `xtblabñl i` nd `fpr`sd m, `l su adsm, `n a`s` t`fpmrdn m i`hblbtbvm i` nd datbvbidi, `l `n pndzm i` s`bs iæds ldturdn`s sbeub`lt`s d dqu`n `l qu` s` prmiuzad.

0.9.;. Dhbnbdabñl? Dntds y kdods  Nd dhbnbdabñl `s `n datm difblbstrdtbvm i` nd Y`smr`ræd E`l`rdn i` nd Q.Q. pmr `n qu` s` r`dnbzd r `dnbzd nd blamrpmrdabñl dn sbst`fd i` nd Q.Q. i` ul suo`tm prmt`ebim, nm qu` n` amlvb`rt` `l ul tbtundr i` i`r`agms y mknbedabml`s aml `n fbsfm. @l e`l`rdn s` smnbabtd pmr `n `fpn`dimr pdrd nms trdkdodimr`s  pmr au`ltd do`ld do`ld y pmr `n prmpbm trd trdkdodimr kdodimr sb nm `s pmr pmr au`ltd prmpbd prmpbd.. Id nuedr d nd dsbeldabñl dsbeldabñl i`n „lÿf`rm i` dhbnbdabñl‖, i` adräat`r vbtdnbabm vbtd nbabm y ÿlbam pdrd tmim `n Qbst`fd.   Ydfkbâl s` n` dsbeldrä ul Lÿf`rm i` nd Q`eurbidi Qmabdn, d nms k`l`hbabdrbms i` p`lsbml`s u mtrds  pr`stdabml`s i`n sbst`fd, tdltm ``ll su fmidnbidi amltrbkutbvd amfm lb aamltrbkutbvd. mltrbkutbvd. Audnqub`r vdrbdabñl i` idtms qu` `xp`rbf`lt` nd dhbnbdabñl i`k`rä s`r amfulbadid pmr `n `fpr`sdrbm m, `l su adsm, pmr `n trdkdodimr i`ltrm i` nms s`bs f`s`s ldturdn`s sbeub`lt`s d dqu`n `l `n qu` s`  prmiuzad, i`bñl i`kb`lim kb`lim s`r hbrfdid pmr `n trdkdodimr y ddamfpdôdid amfpdôdid ii`` nd amrr`spmlib`lt` amrr`spmlib`lt` imauf`ltdabñl imauf`ltda dar`ibtdtbvd. Qml suo`tms nds p`rsmlds qu` tb`l`l ulds i`t`rfbldids sbtudabml`s suko`tbvds i`ltrm i` nd r`ndabñl i` dhbnbdabñl, dsæ gdy qu` amlsbi`rdr amfm suo`tms?   m  m  m

@n dhbnbdlt` @n dhbnbdim @n dhbnbdimr

Smr dhbnbdlt` gdy qu` `lt`li`r d nd p`rsmld qu` dhbnbd, qu`, d su v`z, pu`i` s`rnm aml adräat`r i` mknbedim prblabpdn m f`rdf`lt` amfm hdauntdim m suksbibdrbm. Dhbnbdlt` prblabpdn u mknbedim nm `s `n `fpr`sdrbm, sdnvm qu` `n suo`tm prmt`ebim lm s`d trdkdodimr pmr au`ltd do`ld (s`d ul dutñlmfm). @s `n mknbedim d dhbnbdr, y dÿl fäs, `n ÿlbam mknbedim i` `ltr` nms  pmsbkn`s dhbnbdlt`s, pmr nd r`spmlsdkbnbzdabñl r`spmlsdkbnbzdabñl n`edn i` nd ndss l`a`sbidi`s l`a`sbidi`s i` nms trdkdodimr`s trdkdodimr`s qu` `n sbst`fd i` nd s`eurbidi smabdn amltrbkutbvd n` bfputd. I` dquæ qu` s`d `n ÿlbam r`spmlsdkn` oultm aml nms r`spmlsdkn`s suksbibdrbms y smnbidrbms. Dhbnbdlt`s hdauntdims y suksbibdrbms nm sml nms prmpbms suo`tms prmt`ebims, dsæ amfm ibv`rsds `ltbidi`s dhb nbdabñl pmirä qu` blstdl nd dhbnbdabñl i` mhbabm. Dsæ `n drt.- 41 i` nd NEQQ `stdkn`a` qu` „nd dhbnbdabñl  prdatbadrs` d p`tbabñl i` nds p`rsm p`rsmlds lds y `ltbidi` `ltbidi`ss mknbedids d ibagm datm, d blstdlabd blstdlabd i` nms blt`r`sdims m i` mhbabm pmr nd Difblbstrdabñl i` nd QQQQ‖, y pmr mtrd pdrt` `n drt. - 439 i` nd NEQQ `stdkn`a` pdrd `n [âebf`l E`l`rdn qu` „nms `fpr`sdrbms `stäl mknbedims d smnbabtdr nd dhbnbdabñl dn sbst`fd i` nd QQQQ i` nms trdkdodimr`s qu` bler`s`l d su s`rvbabm, dsæ amfm d amfulbadr ibagm bler`sm y, `l su adsm, `n a`s` `l nd n d `fpr`sd i` tdn`s trdkdodimr`s...‖  Q` `ltb`li`diqub`r` amfm dhbnbdim p`rsmld blanubid `l `n adfpm i` dpnbadabñl n`edn qu`, E`stmrds f`ibdlt`ynd dhbnbdabñl, i`r`agmnd pmt`labdn d nd prmt`aabñl ibsp`lsdid pmr nds @ltbidi`s amndkmrdimrds,, sb`fpr` qu` r`ÿldl nds i`fäs amlibabml`s n`edn`s. amndkmrdimrds

 

@l r`ndabñl aml `n dhbnbdimr, amrr`spmli` d nd Ibr`aabñl E`l`rdn i` nd Y`smr`ræd E`l`rdn i` nd Q.Q. amfp`t`lt` `n r`amlmabfb`ltm i`n i`r`agm d nd dhbnbdabñl, sbl p`roubabm i` nd pmsbkn` i`absbñl `l amltrd i` nd ourbsibaabñl ndkmrdn. @n r`amlmabfb`ltm i`n i`r`agm lm amrr`spmli` d audnqub`r `ltbidi e`stmrd sblm sñnm d nd YEQQ, aml adräat`r `xanusbvm, aml nd hbldnbidi i` fdlt`l`r f dlt`l`r ul amltrmn difblbstrdtbvm a`ltrdnbzdim. @l audltm d nd hmrfd i` prdatbadr nd dhbnbdabñl pu`i` prmiuabrs`?  

m

 

m

 

m

 

m

Nms `fpr`sdrbms sml nms mknbedims d smnbabtdr nd dhbnbdabñl dn sbst`fd i` Q`eurbidi Qmabdn i` qub`l`s bler`s`l d su s`rvbabm y lm `stâl dÿl dhbnbdims. Bfpnbadrä `n dntd blbabdn `l `n [âebf`l qu` amrr`spmlid y nd dsbeldabñl i`n lÿf`rm i` Q`eurbidi Qmabdn. Nms trdkdodimr`s pmr au`ltd prmpbd m dsbfbndims amfpr`libims `l `n adfpm i` dpnbadabñl i`n Qbst`fd i` Q`eurbidi Qmabdn qu` blbab`l su datbvbidi amfm tdn`s y lm s` `lau`ltr`l yd dhbnbdims, `stdräl mknbedims d smnbabtdr su dhbnbdabñl. Nms trdkdodimr`s pmr au`ltd do`ld m dsbfbndims, auym `fpr`sdrbm lm aufpnd sus mknbedabml`s i` dhbnbdabñl, pmiräl smnbabtdrnd ibr`atdf`lt` dlt` nm qu` nd YEQQ idrä au`ltd d nd Blsp`aabñl i` Yrdkdom y Q`eurbidi Qmabdn. Audlim s` `h`atÿ` i` pmr blbabdtbvd i` nds Ibr`aabml`s Srmvblabdn`s m Difblbstrdabml`s amfm amls`au`labd amls`au` labd i`?

4.- Nd datudabñl i` nd Blsp`aabñl i` Yrdkdom y i` nd Q`eurbidi Qmabdn. ;.- Nms idtms mkrdlt`s `l nds n ds `ltbidi`s e`stmrds y s`rvbabms amful`s i` nd Q`eurbidi Qmabdn. 1.- Audnqub`r prma`ibfb`ltm `l `n qu` s` amfpru`k` `n blaufpnbfb`ltm i` nd smnbabtui i` dhbnbdabñl. Di`fäs i` `l dqu`nnms r`ebstrms qu` p`rfbt` nd N`y 13/4.22;, nd n`ebsndabñl i` Q`eurbidi Qmabdn s`ôdnd qu` nd smnbabtui i` dhbnbdabñl, d lmfkr` i` adid trdkdodimr, s` ibrbebrä d nd Ibr`aabñl Srmvblabdn i` nd Y`smr`ræd i` nd Q`eurbidi Qmabdn m Difblbstrdabñl, ibh`r`labdlim?  

m

 

m

 

m

Audlim s` trdt` i` ul trdkdodimr t rdkdodimr pmr au`ltd do`ld m dsbfbndim, s` ibrbebrä nd Ibr`aabñl Srmvblabdn m Difblbstrdabñl i`n imfbabnbm i` nd `fpr`sd. Audlim s` trdt` i` ul trdkdodimr t rdkdodimr dutñlmfm, s` ibrbebrä nd Ibr`aabñl Srmvblabdn m Difblbstrdabñl i` nd prmvblabd `l nd qu` rdibqu` su `stdkn`abfb`ltm, m `l nd qu` t`led su imfbabnbm. Nds smnbabtui`s i` dhbnbdabñl gdkräl i` pr`s`ltdrs` aml dlt`rbmrbidi d nd blbabdabñl i` datbvbidi, tdltd `l trdkdom pmr au`ltm do`ld audltm `l `n qu` s`d pmr au`ltd prmpbd.

0.9.;.4 @n datm i` dhbnbdabñl   Amlsbst` `l `n datm difblbstrdtbvm pmr `n qu` `n suo`tm prmt`ebim blanubim `l `n adfpm i` dpnbadabñl i` nd Q.Q. diqub`r` mknbedtmrbdf`lt` nd amlibabñl i` dhbnbdim, aml adräat`r vbtdnbabm, e`l`rdn y `xanusbvm, d nms `h`atms n`edn`s qu` i` `std sbtudabñl s` i`rbvdl. @n drt.- 4; i` nd NEQQ `stdkn`a` qu` „nd dhbnbdabñl dhbn bdabñl d nd Q.Q. `s mknbedtmrbd pdrd nd ndss p`rsmlds qu` s` r`hb`r` `n dpdrtdim 4 i`n drt.- 5 i` nd pr`s`lt` N`y, y ÿlbad pdrd tmid nd vbid i` nds fbsfds y pdrd tmim `n sbst`fd, sbl p`roubabm i` nds dntds y kdods `l nms ibstbltms [`eæf`l`s qu` nm blt`erdl, dsæ amfm i` nds i`fäs vdrbdabml`s qu` pu`idl prmiuabrs` aml pmst`rbmrbidi d nd dhbnbdabñl‖.  @n trdkdodimr `s dhbnbdim audlim amfb`lzd su vbid ndkmrdn y `s idim i` dntd `l su prbf`rd `fpr`sd. Qb a`sd `l âstd, idim kdod, pu`stm p`rm amltbludrä dntd, p`rm lm s`rä t`lirä qu`i`dhbnbdr, qu` yd s`dhbnbdim. gbzm. Qb `ltrd `l mtrd `fpr`sd, âstd hmrfundrä `n @n prma`ibfb`ltm i` dhbnbdabñl i` nms trdkdodimr`s dn [âebf`l E`l`rdn i` nd Q.Q. vb`l` r`eundim `l nms drts.- 2 d 48 i` nd Mri`l i` ;7 i` ibab`fkr` i` 4.288, yd i`rmedid pmr `n [.I.79/4.228, i` ;8 i`

 

`l`rm, pmr `n qu` s` dpru`kd `n [`endf`ltm E`l`rdn smkr` blsarbpabñl i` `fpr`sds y dhbnbdabñl, dntds,  kdods y vdrbdabml`s vdrbdabml`s i` idtms ii`` trdkdodimr`s `l nd Q`eurbidi Qmabdn, y pmst`rbmrf`lt` fmibhbadim fmibhbadim pmr [.I. ;03/4.225, i` ;4 i` H`kr`rm. Nd dhbnbdabñl, dntds y kdods i` nms trdkdodimr`s amltrdtdims d tb`fpm pdrabdn, auyd pr`stdabñl i` s`rvbabms s`d blh`rbmr d 4; gmrds d nd s`fdld m 97 gmrds dn f`s, pmiräl hmrfdnbzdrs` kb`l f`ibdlt` nd  pr`s`ltdabñl i` i` nms imauf`ltms `stdkn`abims `l adid fmf`ltm, fmf`ltm, kb`l sufblbstrd sufblbstrdlim lim nms amrr`spmlib`lt`s amrr`spmlib` lt`s idtms d ttrdvâs rdvâs i` hdx m pmr audnqub`r mtrm prma`ibfb`ltm blhmrfätbam, t`n`fätbam m `n`atrñlbam. Nd smnbabtui gd i` pr`s`ltdrs` pmr nms n ms suo`tms mknbedims aml adräat`r pr`vbm d nd pr`stdabñl i`n s`rvbabm pmr `n trdkdodimr, sbl qu` `l lbleÿl adsm pu`idl s`rnm dlt`s i` nms 83 iæds ldturdn`s dlt`rbmr`s dn pr`vbstm pdrd nd blbabdabñl i` nd fbsfd. @l adsms `xa`pabmldn`s `l qu` lm gukb`r` pmibim pr`v`rs` aml dlt`ndabñl ibagd blbabdabñl, sb `n iæd m iæds dlt`rbmr`s d nd fbsfd hu`r`l blgäkbn`s m sb nd pr`stdabñl i` s`rvbabms s` blbabdr` `l gmrds dsbfbsfm blgäkbn`s, i`k`rä r`fbtbrs`, aml dlt`rbmrbidi dn blbabm `l nd pr`stdabñl i` s`rvbabms, pmr t`n`erdfd, hdx m audnqub`r mtrm f`ibm `n`atrñlbam, blhmrfätbam m t`n`fätbam, nms imauf`ltms pdrd `n dntd blbabdn m sua`sbvd i`kbidf` i`kbidf`lt` lt` aufpnbf`ltdims m sb `nnm lm hu`r` pmsbkn` pmr lm ibspml`r i` nms fmi`nms r`endf`ltdrbms, s` r`fbtbräl, dsbfbsfm aml adräat`r pr`vbm pmr ibagm f`ibm m audnqub`r mtrm f`ibm `n`atrñlbam, blhmrfätbam m t`n`fätbam, nms idtms qu` i`t`rfbl` `n Fblbst`rbm i` Yrdkdom y Q`eurbidi Qmabdn. Qb `n `fpr`sdrbm aufpn` Srmvblabdn aml su mknbedabñl, nms prmpbms trdkdodimr`s pmiräl blstdr ibr`atdf`lt` dhbnbdabñl dlt` nd lm Ibr`aabñl i` nd YEQQ qu` amrr`spmlid `l `stms adsms, âstd idrä au`ltdsud nd Blsp`aabñl i` Yrdkdom y Q`eurbidi Qmabdn i` nds smnbabtui`s dn mko`tm i` su amfprmkdabñl y dpnbadabñl i` nds sdlabml`s qu` gukb`rd nuedr. Nd dhbnbdabñl tdfkbâl pmirä prdatbadrs` i` mhbabm pmr nds Ibr`aabml`s Srmvblabdn`s i` nd YEQQ, audlim amfm amls`au`labd amls`au`labd i` nd datudabñl i` nd Blsp`aabñl i` Yrdkdom, i` idtms mkrdlt`s `l nds n ds @ltbidi`s E`stmrds m pmr audnqub`r mtrm prma`ibfb`ltm s` amfpru`k` `n blaufpnbfb`ltm i` smnbabtdr nd dhbnbdabñl y `l `stms ÿntbfms adsms s` idrä au`ltd d nd Blsp`aabñl i` Yrdkdom y Q`eurbidi Qmabdn. @n r`amlmabfb`ltm i`n i`r`agm d nd dhbnbdabñl amrr`spmli` d nd Ibr`aabñl Srmvblabdn i` nd YEQQ m nd Difblbstrdabñl i` nd fbsfd `l nd prmvblabd `l qu` s` `lau`ltr` dkb`rtd nd au`ltd i` amtbzdabñl i`n `fpr`sdrbm d qu` pr`std s`rvbabms `n trdkdodimr t rdkdodimr pmr au`ltd do`ld m `l nd qu` rdibqu` `n `stdkn`abfb`ltm i`n trdkdodimr pmr au`ltd prmpbd, `l su i`h`atm, `l nd qu` t`led su imfbabnbm, sbl  p`roubabm i` nds p`aunbdrbidi`s pr` pr`vbstds vbstds `l `n drt.- 12 i`n i`n [`endf`ltm (r`ndtbvds d nd präatbad ii`` nd blsarbpabñl, dhbnbdabñl, dntds, kdods y vdrbdabml`s pr`s`ltdids `l Ibr`aabñl Srmvblabdn m Difblbstrdabñl ibstbltd d nd i`n imfbabnbm) uld v`z `h`atudids nds amfprmkdabml`s qu` prma`idl. Nd difbsbñl i`k` r`dnbzdrs` `l `n datm i` pr`s`ltdabñl i` nd smnbabtui. @nnd s` lmtbhbad y s` pndsfd `l `n „imauf`ltm‖ i` dhbnbdabñl y id nuedr d nd blsarbpabñl blsarb pabñl `l `n amrr`spmlib`lt` r`ebstrm i` nd YEQQ. Qb nd

smnbabtui lm r`ÿl` nms r`qubsbtms m lm s` damfpdôdl nms imauf`ltms s` `stdrä d nm ibspu`stm `l `n drt.54.4 i` nd N. 13/4.22;, i` ;8 i` Lmvb`fkr` (s` idrä ul pndzm 43-40 iæds pdrd suksdldr nd smnbabtui) Qb nd Y`smr`ræd i`lb`ed nd smnbabtui nm gdrä f`ibdlt` dau`rim fmtbvdim `l `n qu` amlst` nd hmrfd y  pndzms pdrd su su bfpueldabñl. Nd dhbnbdabñl dn sbst`fd i` nd Q.Q. amlibabmld nd dpnbadabñl i` nds lmrfds qu` nm r`eundl, `s i`abr, nd dhbnbdabñl amlstbtuy` `n r`qubsbtm käsbam ` blbabdn pdrd nd dpnbadabñl i` nms k`l`hbabms i` nd Q.Q.QQ d nds  p`rsmlds qu` qu` t`ledl nd aml amlibabñl ibabñl i` dhbnbdims dhbnbdims.. 0.9.;.;. Dntds y kdods 

 

Audlim gdkndfms i` dntds y kdods lms r`h`rbfms d datms difblbstrdtbvms d trdvâs i` nms qu` s` lmtbhbad d nd YEQQ y `std r`amlma` nds vdrbdabml`s r`n`vdlt`s qu` dh`atdl dh`atdl dn suo`tm dhbnbdim d nm ndrem i` su vbid datbvd, d hbl i` fdlt`l`r y datudnbzdr `n amltrmn suko`tbvm i` nms suo`tms prmt`ebims. Nds vdrbdabml`s fäs r`n`vdlt`s amlsbst`l `l nms sua`sbvms bler`sms y a`s`s `l nds datbvbidi`s ndkmrdn`s y `fpr`sds `l qu` s` prmiuzadl. D `nnms amrr`spmli`l r`sp`atbvdf`lt` nds dntds y kdods, qu` gdl g dl i` s`r mknbedtmrbdf`lt` amfulbadids. 0.9.;.;. D) Ands`s i` dntd  

Q` pu`i`l ibstbleubr tr`s tbpms i` dntds `l lu`strm i`r`agm pmsbtbvm?   m  m  m

dntd r`dn dntd dsbfbndid dntd pr`sultd

 D) Dntd r`dn 

Q` prmiua` audlim dn blbabdr uld datbvbidi ndkmrdn s` aufpn` nd lmtbhbadabñl i`n dntd m bler`sm `l nd `fpr`sd. D tdn`s `h`atms, nd blbabdabñl b lbabdabñl i`n p`rbmim i` pru`kd s` amlsbi`rd amfm bler`sm y lm s` amlsbi`rdrä amfm a`s` nd bladpdabidi t`fpmrdn lb `n aufpnbfb`ltm i` i`k`r`s i` adräat`r pÿknbam m sblibadn, sb`fpr` qu` lm i`l nuedr d nd `xa`i`labd `l `n trdkdom.  K) Dntd dsbfbndid  

Yb`l` nuedr `l i`t`rfbldims supu`stms `xpr`sdf`lt` tbpbhbadims pmr nd N`y `l qu`, prmiuabim `n a`s` t`fpmrdn m i`hblbtbvm i` nd datbvbidi ndkmrdn, nd n`y `stbfd qu` i`k` amls`rvdrs` nd sbtudabñl i` dntd `l qu` s` `lamltrdkd aml dlt`rbmrbidi dn a`s` y nd amls`rvdabñl i` `std dÿl am`xbstb`lim `l dneÿl adsm aml nd kdod, amfm fdlbh`stdabñl i` nd t`li`labd i`n dntd d lm i`sdpdr`a`r i`sdpdr`a`r `l i`t`rfbldids sbtudabml`s y i` su t`li`labd d nd prmnmledabñl. (Drt.- 4;0 i` nd NEQQ) @n drt.- 18 i`n [`endf`ltm `stdkn`a` auän`s sml nds sbtudabml`s dsbfbndids dn dntd, dsæ? 4.- Amltbludräl amfpr`libims `l `n adfpm i` dpnbadabñl i`n [âebf`l i` nd Q.Q. `l qu` `stuvb`s`l `laudirdims, `laudirdim s, p`rm `l sbtudabñl dsbfbndid d nd i` dntd `l `n fbsfm, qub`l`s, dÿl audlim gukb`r`l a`sdim `l nd pr`stdabñl i` s`rvbabms m `l `n i`sdrrmnnm i` nd datbvbidi i`t`rfbldlt` i`n `laudirdfb`ltm `laudirdfb`l tm `l ibagm rrâebf`l, âebf`l, s` `lau`ltr`l `l dneuld i` nds sbeub`lt`s sbtudabml`s? 4¿.- Nd sbtudabñl n`edn i` i`s`fpn`m, tmtdn y suksbibdim, y nd i` pdrm blvmnultdrbm, uld v`z demtdim nd  pr`stdabñl amltrbkutbvd, amltrbkutbvd, sb`fpr` qu` `l tdn sbtudabñl ss`` fdlt`led nd blsarbpabñl amfm i`s`fpn`dim i`s`fpn`dim `l nd mhbabld i` `fpn`m. ;¿.- Nd `xa`i`labd hmrzmsd. 1¿.- Nd sbtudabñl i` `xa`i`labd pdrd `n aubidim i` gboms aml r`s`rvd i` pu`stm i` trdkdom, i` dau`rim aml nd n`ebsndabñl dpnbadkn`. 9¿.- Nd susp`lsbñl i`n amltrdtm i` trdkdom pmr s`rvbabm fbnbtdr m pr`stdabñl smabdn sustbtutmrbd. 0¿.- @n trdsndim i`n trdkdodimr pmr nd `fpr`sd hu`rd i`n t`rrbtmrbm ldabmldn. 8¿.- Nd susarbpabñl i` amlv`lbm `sp`abdn `l sus ibh`r`lt`s tbpms 5¿.- Nms p`ræmims i` bldatbvbidi `ltr` trdkdoms i` t`fpmrdid.

 

7¿.- Nms p`ræmims i` prbsbñl suhrbims amfm amls`au`labd i` nms supu`stms amlt`fpndims `l nd N`y 98/4255 i` 40 i` matukr`, i` Dflbstæd, `l nms târfblms r`eundims `l nd N`y 4744279.i` 7 i` oulbm. 2¿.- Nd sbtudabñl i` dqu`nnms trdkdodimr`s t rdkdodimr`s qu` lm s` `lau`ltr`l `l dntd lb `l lbleuld mtrd i` nds sbtudabml`s dsbfbndids d nd fbsfd, i`spuâs i` gdk`r pr`stdim s`rvbabms `l pu`stms i` trdkdom tr dkdom qu` mhr`ab`rdl rb`sem i` `lh`rf`idi prmh`sbmldn y d nms smnms `h`atms i` qu` pu`id i`andrds` uld blvdnbi`z p`rfdl`lt` i`kbid d ibagd amltble`labd. 43¿.- Sdrd nms amn`atbvms i` drtbstds y i` prmh`sbmldn`s tdurblms nms iæds qu` r`sunt`l amtbzdims pmr dpnbadabñl i` nd lmrfds qu` r`eundl su amtbzdabñl nms audn`s t`liräl nd amlsbi`rdabñl i` iæds amtbzdims y `l sbtudabñl i` dntd dulqu` lm s` amrr`spmlidl aml nms i` pr`stdabñl i` s`rvbabms. 44¿.- D nms smnms `h`atms i` amls`rvdabñl i`n i`r`agm d nd dsbst`labd sdlbtdrbd, nd sbtudabñl i` kdod i` nms trdkdodimr`s pmr au`ltd do`ld blanubims `l `! [âebf`l i` nd Q`eurbidi Qmabdn qu` amrr`spmlid. gdkb`lim p`rfdl`abim p`rfdl`abim m lm `l sbtudabñl i` dntd `l ibagm [âebf`l iurdlt` ul p`ræmim fælbfm i` lmv`ltd iæds i`ltrm i` nms tr`sab`ltms tr `sab`ltms s`s`l s`s`ltd td y ablam iæds ldturdn`s blf`ibdtdf`lt` dlt`rbmr`s dn i` nd kdod, amlhmrf` d nms târfblms qu` pdrd adid adsm `stdkn`a` `n drtæaunm 8 i`n I`ar`tm ;588/4285, i` 48 i` lmvb`fkr`, `l nd r`idaabñl idid dn fbsfm pmr `n I`ar`tm 1141/4253 i` 4; i` lmvb`fkr`. 4;¿.- Beudnf`lt`, d nms smnms `h`atms i` dsbst`labd sdlbtdrbd, nd sbtudabñl i` nms trdkdodimr`s i`sp`ibims, blanubims `l `n amrr`spmlib`lt` [âebf`l i` nd Q`eurbidi Qmabdn, qu` t`ledl p`lib`lt` i` r`smnuabñl dlt` nd ourbsibaabñl ndkmrdn i`fdlid pmr i`spbim bfprma`i`lt` bfprma`i`lt` m lunm. 41¿.D nms `h`atms i` nd prmt`aabñl pmrm i`s`fpn`m, nds `sp`aæhbads sbtudabml`squ` i`t`rfbldids `l `namk`rturd. drtbaunm ; i`n [`dn I`ar`tm 8;0/4270, i` ; i` dkrbn, `l nds lmrfds r`eun`l ibagd 49¿.- @l `n [âebf`l @sp`abdn Derdrbm, nd sbtudabñl i` i`spndzdfb`ltm dn `xtrdlo`rm pmr rdzñl r dzñl i` trdkdom, `l nms târfblms r`eundims `l `n drtbaunm 54 i`n I`ar`tm 155;/425;, i` ;1 i` ibab`fkr`. 40¿.- @l `n [âebf`l @sp`abdn i` Yrdkdodimr`s pmr Au`ltd Srmpbd m Dutñlmfms, `n p`rbmim i` nms lmv`ltd iæds ldturdn`s sbeub`lt`s dn ÿntbfm iæd i`n f`s `l qu` s` prmiuzad p rmiuzad nd kdod `l ibagm [âebf`l. 48¿.- Nms p`ræmims i` p`ra`pabñl i` nds dyuids r`eundids `l `n [`dn I`ar`tm 4821/4220, i` ;3 i` matukr`, pmr `n qu` s` `stdkn`a` ul râebf`l i` dyuids i`stbldim d hmf`ltdr `n a`s` dltbabpdim i` nd datbvbidi derdrbd. 45¿.- Ymids dqu`nnds mtrds qu` i`t`rfbl` `n Fblbstrm i` Yrdkdom y Q`eurbidi Qmabdn.

;.- Nds sbtudabml`s d qu` s` r`hb`r` `n dpdrtdim dlt`rbmr sml dsbfbndids d nd i` dntd r`sp`atm i` nds amltble`labds, `l nds amlibabml`s y aml nms `h`atms qu` pdrd adid uld i` `nnds s` `stdkn`a`l `l nd lmrfdtbvd vbe`lt`.  A) Dntd pr`sultd 

@n dntd pr`sultd m i` pn`lm i`r`agm s` gdnnd pr`vbstd `l `n drt.- 4;0.1.- i` nd n d NEQQ. Yb`l` nuedr audlim bl`xbst`lt` `n dntd r`dn nd N`y `stdkn`a` nd pr`sulabñl „burbs `t i` bur`‖ i` `xbst`labd `h`atbvd i`n dntd d `h`atms i` i`t`rfbldids amltble`labds. amltble`labds. @stdkn`a` `n drt.- 4;0.1 i` nd NEQQ „nms

trdkdodimr`s amfpr`libims amfpr`libims `l `n adfpm i` dpnbadabñl i` `st` [âebf`l E`l`rdn s` amlsbi`rdräl i`  pn`lm i`r`agm i`r`agm `l sbtudabñl i` dntd d `h`atms i` daabi`lt`s ii`` trdkdom, `lh`rf`idi`s `lh`rf`idi`s prmh`sbmldn`s prmh`sbmldn`s y i`s`fpn`m, dulqu` su `fpr`sdrbm gukb`r` blaufpnbim sus mknbedabml`s. Beudn lmrfd s` dpnbadrä d nms n ms `xanusbvms ndkmrdn. `h`atms i` nd dsbst`labd sdlbtdrbd pmr `lh`rf`idi amfÿl, fdt`rlbidi y daabi`lt` lm Nms `fpr`sdrbms i`k`räl amfulbadr d nds ibr`aabml`s prmvblabdn`s i` nd YEQQ i` nd prmvblabd nds vdrbdabml`s y smnbabtui`s i` kdods i` nms trdkdodimr`s t rdkdodimr`s qu` bler`s`l m a`s`l `l sus `fpr`sds y `l nms

 

fmi`nms `stdkn`abims. `stdkn`abims. Nd amfulbadabñl s` i`k`rä i` gda`r `l `n pndzm i` 8 iæds ldturdn`s sbeub`lt`s d pdrtbr i`n a`s` `l `n trdkdom m dquân `l qu` nd vdrbdabñl s` prmiuzad. Nms imauf`ltms imauf`ltms bräl hbrfdims  pmr `n `fpr`sdrbm y pmr `n trdkdodimr. Qb `n `fpr`sdrbm blaufpn` su mknbedabñl pu`i`l nms prmpbms trdkdodimr`s r`dnbzdr nd amfulbadabñl amrr`spmlib`lt` amrr`spmlib` lt` y tdfkbâl pu`i` nd Ibr`aabñl Srmvblabdn i` nd YEQQ datudr i` mhbabm. @n dntd i`n trdkdodimr amlibabmld nd dpnbadabñl i`n fbsfm d nds lmrfds qu` r`eundl `n râebf`l amrr`spmlib`lt`. Nds dntds smnbabtdids hu`rd i`n pndzm r`endf`ltdrbm r `endf`ltdrbm sñnm t`liräl `h`atms i`si` `n iæd `l qu` s` hmrfun`l nd smnbabtui, sdnvm qu` s` gdyd prmiuabim bler`sm i` aumtds `l pndzm r`endf`ltdrbm, `l auym adsm `n dntd r`trmtrd`rä sus `h`atms d nd h`agd `l qu` s` gdydl bler`sdim nds prbf`rds aumtds amrr`spmlib`lt` amrr`spmlib` lt` dn tr trdkdodimr dkdodimr i` qu` s` trdt`. Nds dntds i` mhbabm prdatbadids r`trmtrd`räl sus `h`atms d nd h`agd `l qu` nms g`agms qu` nds fmtbv`l gdydl sbim r`amlmabids pmr nds fbsfds. Qb s` `h`atuds`l amfm amls`au`labd amls`au`labd i` nd datudabñl i` nd Blsp`aabñl i` Yrdkdom nms `h`atms s` r`trmtrd`räl d nd h`agd `l qu` s` gdyd nn`vdim d adkm tdn datudabñl. Iurdlt` `n p`rbmim qu` pu`id f`ibdr `ltr` nd h`agd i` amfb`lzm i` nd datbvbidi ndkmrdn y nd h`agd i` `h`atms i`n dntd, s` prmiua` nd r`spmlsdkbnbidi i`n suo`tm mknbedim, `s i`abr, `n `fpr`sdrbm s`rä r`spmlsdkn` i` nds pr`stdabml`s qu` puib`rdl amrr`spmli`r amrr`spmli`r iurdlt` ibagm p`rbmim y pmr mtrd pdrt` suksbst` nd mknbedabñl i` amtbzdr i`si` `n amfb`lzm i` nd datbvbidi ndkmrdn. Nd `n kdod i`n trdkdodimr prmiuabrä i`si` `n a`s` `l `n trdkdom, sb`fpr` qu` s` gdyd amfulbadim `l fmi`nm mhbabdn y i`ltrm i`n `h`atms pndzm r`endf`ltdrbm. 0.0. AMYB_DABÑL @s nd pr`stdabñl i` adräat`r `amlñfbam `l nd qu` s` amlar`td nd mknbedabñl i` `fpr`sdrbms y trdkdodimr`s `l nd r`ndabñl ouræibad i` ds`eurdfb`ltm qu` fdltb`l`l aml `n "Qbst`fd s` Q`eurbidi Qmabdn" (Y`smr`ræd E`l`rdn i`n fbsfm), dlt` uld s`rb` i` amltble`labds `v`ltudn`s ab`rtds ` blab`rtds. Q`eÿl `stdkn`a` `n drt. 438 NEQQ, nd mknbedabñl i` amtbzdr lda`rä?   m 

m

Aml `n amfb`lzm i` nd pr`stdabñl i` trdkdom , blanubim `n p`rbmim i` pru`kd. Aml nd sbfpn` smnbabtui i` dhbnbdabñl m dntd i`n trdkdodimr.

@std mknbedabñl s` fdltb`l` iurdlt` tmim `n tb`fpm tb `fpm `l qu` `n trdkdodimr pr`st` su s`rvbabm, m s` fdlt`led `l sbtudabñl i` dntd. Blanusm audlim ibagd pr`stdabñl i` trdkdom s`d ibsamltblud. Di`fäs, suksbstbrä m s` susp`li`rä `l nms sbeub`lt`s adsms?  

m

 

m

 

m

Audlim `n trdkdodimr s` `lau`ltrd aufpnb`lim i`k`r`s i` adräat`r pÿknbam m i`s`fp`ôd i`s`fp`ôdlim lim adrems i` r`pr`s`ltdabñl sblibadn, sb`fpr` qu` lm gdydl supu`stm `xa`i`labd `l `n trdkdom. Audlim `n trdkdodimr s` `lau`ltrd `l sbtudabñl i` bladpdabidi t`fpmrdn, audnqub`rd qu` s`d su adusd, y `l nds i`fäs sbtudabml`s dsbfbndids d nd i` dntd. Q` susp`li`rä nd mknbedabñl i` amtbzdr iurdlt` nds sbtudabml`s i` gu`ned y ab`rr` pdtrmldn. R s` `xtbleubrä pmr nd a`sdabñl i` nd pr`stdabñl i` s`rvbabms, aml nd amrr`spmlib`lt` smnbabtui i`  kdod, `l pndzm pndzm y hmrfd, dlt` ``nn mredlbsfm amfp`t`lt`, amfp`t`lt`, sbl qu` ssurtd urtd `h`atm ibagd amfulbadabñl amfulbada bñl sb s` amltbluds` nd pr`stdabñl i` trdkdom. Nds kdods hu`rd i` pndzm, fdltb`l`l nd mknbedabñl i` amtbzdr gdstd `n iæd `l qu` nd Y`smr`ræd E`l`rdn i` nd Q`eurbidi Qmabdn amlmzad

`n a`s`, sdnvm pru`kd i` qu` `st` s` prmiuom aml dlt`rbmrbidi. 0.0.4. Kds`s y Ybpms 

 

Nd audltæd i` nd amtbzdabñl v`lirä i`t`rfbldid pmr `n bfpmrt` r`suntdlt` i` dpnbadr `n "tbpm" m  pmra`ltdo` qu` adid dôm ss`` `stdkn`a` ppdrd drd adid aml amltble`labd tble`labd prmt`ebid (a (amltble`labds mltble`labds amful`s, amful`s, daabi`lt`s i` trdkdom y `lh`rf`idi`s `lh`rf`idi`s prmh`sbmldn`s, amtbzdabñl prmh`sbmldn pmr gmrds `xtrdmribldrbds, i`s`fpn`m, Hmlim i` Edrdltæd Qdndrbdn y hmrfdabñl prmh`sbmldn) d nd "kds` i` amtbzdabñl" amrr`spmlib`lt` amrr`spmlib` lt` d adid trdkdodimr i `t`rfblälims` i` `std hmrfd „nd aumtd" d bler`sdr. 

0.0.;. Ybpm i` amtbzdabñl  Sdrd `n dôm ;.331, nms tbpms i` amtbzdabñl dn [âebf`l E`l`rdn i` nd Q.Q. sml?  

m

 

m

 

m

Smr amltble`labds amful`s? amful`s? `n ;7¹13%, i`n qu` `n ;18% `s d adrem i` nd `fpr`sd y `n 9¹5% d adrem i`n trdkdodimr. Smr daabi`lt` i` trdkdod y `lh`rf`idi prmh`sbmldn? nd Ydrbhd i` prbfds dprmkdid pmr [.I.;213/4252, r`iuabids r`iuabids nbl`dnf`lt` ul 43%, sb`lim d adrem `xanusbvm i` nd `fpr`sd. Smr i`s`fpn`m?

Amltrdtdabñl bli`hblbid, blanubims nms amltrdtms bli`hblbims d tb`fpm pdrabdn y hboms ibsamltblums, dsæ amfm nd amltrdtdabñl i` iurdabñl i`t`rfbldid `l nds fmidnbidi`s i` amltrdtms hmrfdtbvms, i` r`n`vm, blt`rblbidi y amltrdtms, audnqub`rd qu` s` dnd fmidnbidi utbnbzdid, r`dnbzdid aml trdkdodimr`s ibsadpdabtdims? ibsadpdabtdi ms? `n 5¹00%, i`n qu` `n 83¹% s`rä d adrem i`n `fpr`sdrbm y `n 400¹% d adrem i`n trdkdodimr.  

•

Amltrdtdabñl i` iurdabñl i`t`rfbldid?  

m

 

m

 

m

  m  m

D tb`fpm amfpn`tm? 7¹1%, i`n qu` `n 8¹5% s`rä d adrem i`n `fpr`sdrbm y `n 4¹8% d adrem i`n trdkdodimr. D tb`fpm pdrabdn? 2¹1%, i`n qu` `n 55¹% s`rä d adrem i`n `fpr`sdrbm y `n 48¹% d adrem i`n trdkdodimr. Audlim nd amltrdtdabñl i` iurdabñl i`t`rfbldid, d tb`fpm amfpn`tm m pdrabdn, s` r`dnba` pmr `fpr`sds i` trdkdom t`fpmrdn pdrd pml`r d ibspmsbabñl i` nds `fpr`sds usudrbds d nms trdkdodimr`s amltrdtdims? amltrdtdims? 21¹% i`n qu` `n 5¹5% s`rä d adrem i`n `fpr`sdrbm y `n 4¹8% d adrem i`n trdkdodimr. Smr Hmlim i` Edrdltæd Qdndrbdn? `n 39¹%, d adrem `xanusbvm i` nd `fpr`sd. Smr hmrfdabñl prmh`sbmldn? `n 3¹5%, i`n qu` `n 3¹8% amrr`spmli` d nd `fpr`sd y `n 3¹4% d adrem i`n trdkdodimr.

0.8. QBYPDABML@Q S[MY@EBKN@Q Qml sbtudabml`s i` l`a`sbidi mko`tm i` prmt`aabñl. Dlt` nd dfkbeþ`idi i` nd n`ebsndabñl i` Q`eurbidi Qmabdn, pmi`fms r`ndabmldr nms drts. 17 y 449 i`n Y.[. i` nndd N.E.Q.Q. pdrd i`t`rfbldr nds amltble`labds prmt`ebkn`s. - I` adräat`r prmh`sbmldn prmh`sbmld n.   m  m

Daabi`lt` i` trdkdom. @lh`rf`idi prmh`sbmldn.

- I` adräat`r amfÿl.   m 

@lh`rf`idi amfÿl. Daabi`lt` lm ndkmrdn.

m

Fdt`rlbidi. A`s` (vmnultdrbm m blvmnultdrbm) `l `n trdkdom pmr aufpnbfb`ltm i` nd `idi i` oukbndabñl. A`s` blvmnultdrbm `l `n trdkdom sbl pâribid i` adpdabidi i` trdkdom lb `n aufpnbfb`ltm i` nd `idi i` oukbndabñl ( i`s`fpn`m). Nds adreds hdfbnbdr`s.

m

   m  m

 

m

 

- Qbtudabml`s i` l`a`sbidi prmt`ebids.   m  m  m  m  m 

m

 L`a`sbidi i` dsbst`labd sd sdlbtdrbd lbtdrbd y/m r`aup` r`aup`rdabñl. rdabñl. I`h`atm i` bler`sms pmr bladpdabidi t`fpmrdn (BY) y fdt`rlbidi. I`h`atm pmr blvdnbi`z p`rfdl`lt`. I`h`atm i` bler`sms pmr oukbndabñl. I`h`atm i` bler`sms pmr i`s`fpn`m. @xa`sm i` edstms y i`h`atm i` bler`sms i`rbvdims i` hdnn`abfb`ltm i`n adusdlt` y i` nd sup`rvbv`labd sup`rvbv`la bd i` nms hdfbnbdr`s d su adrem.

0.5. S[@QYDABML@Q Q` aukr`l nds sbeub`lt`s sbtudabml`s?   m  m  m  m

Bladpdabidi t`fpmrdn Fdt`rlbidi [b`sem iurdlt` `n `fkdrdzm Bladpdabidi S`rfdl`lt`?   Sdrabdn   Ymtdn   Dksmnutd   Erdl Bladpdabidi Oukbndabñl ▯

▯

▯

▯

  m  m

I` fu`rt` y sup`rvbv`labd?   Duxbnbm pmr i`hulabñl   S`lsbñl i` vbui`idi   S`lsbñl i` mrhdlidi   S`lsbñl d hdvmr i` hdfbnbdr`s   Quksbibm d hdvmr i` hdfbnbdr`s   Bli`flbzdabñl d tdltm dnzdim i`rbvdid i` rb`sem prmh`sbmldn, daabi`lt` ndkmrdn m `lh`rf`idi prmh`sbmldn ▯

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▯

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0.5.4. Bladpdabidi t`fpmrdn  @s nd sbtudabñl `l nd n d qu` s` `lau`ltrd ul trdkdodimr qu`, pmr adusd i` `lh`rf`idi, daabi`lt` m  p`rbmim i` mks`rvdabñl mks`rvdabñl `l aadsm dsm i` `lh` `lh`rf`idi rf`idi prmh`sbmld prmh`sbmldn,n, `stä bfpmsbkbnbtdim, aaml ml adräat`r t`fpmrdn pdrd `n trdkdom, y pr`absd dsbst`labd sdlbtdrbd i` nd Q`eurbidi Qmabdn

Nd pr`stdabñl `amlñfbad `s nd sbeub`lt`?   

m

 

m

Smr `lh`rf`idi amfÿl m daabi`lt` daabi`lt` lm ndkmrdn? 83% i` nd K[ `ltr` `n 9¿ y `n ;4¿ iæd i` nd kdod fâibad: 50% d pdrtbr i`n iæd ;4¿ Smr `lh`rf`idi prmh`sbmldn y daabi`lt` daabi`lt` i` trdkdom? 50% i` nd K [ i`si` `n iæd sbeub`lt` dn i` nd kdod

Qml k`l`hbabdrbms?    m  m

Tub`l`s `stâl dhbnbdims, `l dntd m `l sbtudabñl dsbfbndid d nd i` dntd.   Y`l`r amtbzdims? Smr `lh`rf`idi amfÿl? 473 iæds `l nms 0 dôms dlt`rbmr`s d nd h`agd `l nndd qu` s` prmiuzad `n g`agm adusdlt`: pmr `lh`rf`idi prmh`sbmldn m daabi`lt`? lm s` `xbe`

 p`rbmim pr`vbm Nd iurdabñl `stdkn`abid `s?  

m

4; f`s`s prmrrmedkn`s pmr mtrms 8 `l adsm i` daabi`lt` m `lh`rf`idi prmh`sbmldn m amfÿl

 

 

m

 

m

S`rbmims i` mks`rvdabñl pmr `lh`rf`idi prmh`sbmldn? 8 f`s`s prmrrmedkn`s pmr mtrms 8, audlim gdyd l`a`sbidi i` dpndzdr `n ibdelñstbam i`hblbtbvm Nms p`rbmims i` BY prmiuabims pmr ul fbsfm prma`sm pdtmnñebam s` sufdl pdrd `n añfputm i`n p`rbmim fäxbfm, dulqu` s` gukb`s`l prmiuabim p`rbmims i` datbvbidi ndkmrdn, sb`fpr` qu` `stds s`dl blh`rbmr`s d s`bs f`s`s

Nd `xtblabñl s` prmiua` pmr?   m  m

    m  m

m

Yrdlsaursm i`n pndzm fäxbfm Q`r idim i` dntd I`andrdabñl i` oukbndabñl Blamfpdr`a`labd Blamfpdr`a` labd bloustbhbadid d amlvmadtmrbds i` `xäf`l`s fâibams Hdnn`abfb`ltm

0.5.;. Fdt`rlbidi  Qml sbtudabml`s prmt`ebids nd fdt`rlbidi pmr pdrtm, nd dimpabñl y `n damebfb`ltm pr`dimptbvm m  p`rfdl`lt` Nd iurdabñl `s nd sbeub`lt`? d) Sdrtm  

m

 

m

  m 

m

 

m

 

m

48 s`fdlds blbft`rrufpbids dfpnbdkn`s pmr pdrtm fÿntbpn` `l ims s`fdlds fäs pmr adid gbom d pdrtbr i`n s`eulim S`rfbsm ibstrbkubim d mpabñl i` nd blt`r`sdid, sb`fpr` qu` 8 s`fdlds s`dl blf`ibdtdf`lt`  pmst`rbmr`s dn pdrtm pdrtm @l adsm i` hdnn`abfb`ltm i` nd fdir`, `n pdir` pmirä gda`r usm i`n p`rfbsm Qb `n pdir` y nd fdir` trdkdodl, âstd, dn blbabdrs` `n p`rbmim i` i`sadlsm pmirä mptdr pmrqu` `n  pdir` ibshrut` i` uld pdrt` i`t`rfbld i`t`rfbldid id ` blt`rrufpbid i`n i`n p`ræmim i` i`sadlsm, i`sadlsm, kb`l i` hmrfd sbfuntäl`d m i` fmim sua`sbvm, sdnvm qu` `n r`bler`sm supmled ul rb`sem pdr nd sdnui i` nd fbsfd @l adsms i` pdrtm pr`fdturm y mtrms `l qu` `n l`mldtm i`kd p`rfdl`a`r gmspbtdnbzdim, pu`i` amltdkbnbzdrs` d pdrtbr i`n dntd gmspbtdndrbd: s` `xanuy`l nds 8 s`fdlds i` kdod mknbedtmrbd i` nd fdir` @l adsm i` hdnn`abfb`ltm i`n gbom y i` dnufkrdfb`ltms qu` t`ledl nuedr trds fäs i` 473 iæds i` vbid h`tdn, `n i`sadlsm s`rä i` 8 s`fdlds pmst`rbmr`s dn pdrtm.

 k) Dimpabñl m damebfb`ltm  

m

 

m

48 s`fdlds blblt`rrufpbids, dfpnbdkn`s `l ; s`fdlds fäs pmr adid gbom m f`lmr, d pdrtbr pdrtb r i`n s`eulim, sb s` trdtd i` uld dimpabñl m damebfb`ltm fÿntbpn`, r`sp`atbvdf`lt`. @l `n supu`stm i` qu` nd fdir` y `n pdir` trdkdo`l, âstms pmiräl mptdr pmr ibshrutdr `n p`ræmim i` i`sadlsm i` hmrfd sbfuntäl`d m sua`sbvd, sb`fpr` qu` s` trdt` tr dt` i` p`ræmims blblt`rrufpbims y aml nms næfbt`s i` iurdabñl `stdkn`abims.

Nd pr`stdabñl `amlñfbad amlsbst` `l ul suksbibm `qubvdn`lt` dn 433% i` nd kds` r`eundimrd. @l adsm i` pdrtm fÿntbpn` y i` dimpabñl m damebfb`ltm i` fäs i` ul f`lmr, r`dnbzdims i` hmrfd sbfuntäl`d, s` amla`i`rä ul suksbibm `sp`abdn pmr adid gbom, d pdrtbr i`n s`eulim, beudn dn qu` amrr`spmlid pmri``nddimpabñl prbf`rm, `n p`ræmim i` 8 i` s`fdlds blf`ibdtdf`lt` blf`ibdtdf`l t` pmst`rbmr`s  pdrtm m, audlim audlp`rabkbr im s` trdt` impabñl iurdlt` m dame damebfb`ltm, bfb`ltm, d pdrtbr nd ii`absbñl `absbñl difblbstrdtbvd m ouibabdndn i` damebfb`ltm m i` nd r`smnuabñl ouibabdn pmr nd qu` s` amlstbtuyd nd dimpabñl.

0.5.1. [b`sem iurdlt` `n `fkdrdzm 

 

Qml k`l`hbabdrbds Nds trdkdodimrds pmr au`ltd do`ld y smabds trdkdodimrds i` smab`idi`s ammp`rdtbvds m ndkmrdn`s, i`andrdids `l sbtudabñl i` susp`lsbñl i` amltrdtm pmr rb`sem iurdlt` `n `fkdrdzm, sb`fpr` qu` r`ÿldl nms sbeub`lt`s r`qubsbtms?   m  m

@stdr dhbnbdids  @stdr  dhbnbdids  y `l `l  dntd  Y`l`r aukb`rtm ul p`ræmim i` amtbzdabñl i` 473 iæds i`ltrm i` nms 0 dôms blf`ibdtdf`lt` dlt`rbmr`s d nd h`agd `l qu` s` blbab` nd susp`lsbñl i`n amltrdtm i` trdkdom 

0.5.9. Bladpdabidi p`rfdl`lt`  Nd pr`stdabñl `amlñfbad pmr bladpdabidi p`rfdl`lt`, `l su fmidnbidi amltrbkutbvd, trdtd i` aukrbr nd pâribid i` r`ltds sdndrbdn`s m prmh`sbmldn`s qu` suhr` uld p`rsmld, audlim `stdlim dh`atdid pmr ul  prma`sm pdtmnñebam pdtmnñebam m trdufätbam i` i`rbvdim rbvdim i` uld `lh`rf`idi m ddaabi`lt`, aabi`lt`, v` r`iuabid r`iuabid m dlundid dlundid su adpdabidi ndkmrdn i` hmrfd pr`sufbkn`f`lt` i`hblbtbvd. Adid ulm i` nms erdims `l qu` s` andsbhbad nd bladpdabidi p`rfdl`lt` id nuedr d nd amrr`spmlib`lt`  pr`stdabñl `amlñfbad. `amlñfbad. @stds pr`stdabml`s `stäl blanubids i`ltrm i` nd daabñl prmt`atmrd i`n [âebf`l E`l`rdn y i` nms [`eæf`l`s @sp`abdn`s @sp`abdn`s qu` blt`erdl `n Qbst`fd i` nd Q`eurbidi Qmabdn, aml nds n ds pdrtbaundrbidi`s y sdnv`idi`ss qu`, `l adid adsm, s` blibadl `l `n r`sp`atbvm [âebf`l @sp`abdn. sdnv`idi` Bladpdabidi p`rfdl`lt` p`rfdl`lt` nd sbt sbtudabñl udabñl i`ni` trdkdodimr qu`, i`spuâs i` gdk`r `stdim smf`tbim dn m trdtdfb`ltm pr`sarbtm y i``sgdk`r sbim idim dntd fâibadf`lt`, pr`s`ltd r`iuaabml`s dldtñfbads hulabmldn`s erdv`s, susa`ptbkn`s i` i`t`rfbldabñl mko`tbvd y pr`vbsbkn`f`lt` i`hblbtbvds, qu` ibsfbluydl m dlun`l su adpdabidi ndkmrdn. Lm mkstdrä d tdn t dn adnbhbadabñl nd pmsbkbnbidi i` r`aup`rdabñl i` nd adpdabidi ndkmrdn i`n bladpdabtdim, sb ibagd pmsbkbnbidi s` `stbfd fâibadf`lt` amfm blab`rtd m d ndrem pndzm. Nds r`iuaabml`s dldtñfbads dldtñfbads m hulabmldn`s `xbst`lt`s `l nd h`agd i` dhbnbdabñl i`n blt`r`sdim `l nd Q`eurbidi Qmabdn lm bfp`ibräl nd adnbhbadabñl i` nd n d sbtudabñl i` bladpdabidi p`rfdl`lt`, audlim s` trdt` i` p`rsmlds fblusvänbids y aml pmst`rbmrbidi d nd dhbnbdabñl tdn`s r`iuaabml`s s` gdydl derdvdim, prmvmadlim prmvmadlim pmr sæ fbsfds m pmr amlaurr`labd aml lu`vds n`sbml`s m pdtmnmeæds uld ibsfbluabñl m dlundabñl i` nd adpdabidi ndkmrdn qu` t`læd `n blt`r`sdim `l `n fmf`ltm i` su dhbnbdabñl.  Lm s`rä l`a`sdrbd l`a`sdrbd `n dntd fâibad pdrd nd vdnmrda vdnmrdabñl bñl i` nd bladpda bladpdabidi bidi p`rfdl`lt` `l nms adsms `l qu` amlaurrdl s`au`nds i`hblbtbvds. Ydfkbâl nm `s, nd sbtudabñl sbt udabñl i` bladpdabidi qu` suksbstd i`spuâs i` `xtbleubid nd bladpdabidi t`fpmrdn pmr `n trdlsaursm i`n pndzm fäxbfm i` iurdabñl i` nd fbsfd, sdnvm `l `n supu`stm i` qu`, amltbludlim nd l`a`sbidi i` trdtdfb`ltm fâibam, nd sbtudabñl anælbad i`n blt`r`sdim blt `r`sdim gbab`rd damls`odkn` i`fmrdr nd amrr`spmlib`lt` amrr`spmlib`lt` adnbhbadabñl (`l lbleÿl adsm, pmirä r`kdsdr nms 13 f`s`s sbeub`lt`s d nd h`agd `l qu` s` gdyd blbabdim nd bladpdabidi t`fpmrdn), `l `n audn lm s` daa`i` d nd sbtudabñl i` bladpdabidi p`rfdl`lt` gdstd qu` lm s` prma`id d nd amrr`spmlib`lt` adnbhbadabñl. Nd bladpdabidi p`rfdl`lt` gdkrä i` i`rbvdrs` i` nd sbtudabñl i` bladpdabidi t`fpmrdn, sdnvm qu` dh`at` d qub`l`s adr`zadl i` prmt`aabñl `l audltm d ibagd bladpdabidi t`fpmrdn, kb`l pmr `lamltrdrs` `l uld sbtudabñl dsbfbndid d nd i` dntd qu` lm nd amfpr`lid, kb`l `l nms supu`stms i` dsbfbndabñl d trdkdodimr`s pmrp`rfdl`lt` au`ltd do`ld `l nms qu` s` iâi` nd lm fbsfd nd bladpdabidi i`si` nd sbtudabñl dntd. abraulstdlabd, m kb`l `l nms adsms i` daa`sm d Nds fmidnbidi`s i` bladpdabidi p`rfdl`lt` sml nds sbeub`lt`s?

 

4. Bladpdabidi p`rfdl`lt` pdrabdn pdrd nd prmh`sbñl gdkbtudn Dqu`nnd qu`, sbl dnadlzdr `n erdim i` tmtdn, madsbmld dn trdkdodimr uld ibsfbluabñl lm blh`rbmr dn 11% `l su r`libfb`ltm lmrfdn pdrd ibagd prmh`sbñl, sbl bfp`ibrn` nd r`dnbzdabñl i` nds tdr`ds hulidf`ltdn`s i` nd fbsfd. Sr`stdabñl? bli`flbzdabñl i` ;9 f`s`s i` nd Kds` [`eundimrd [`qubsbtms?    

m m

@stdr dhbnbdim, `l dntd m `l sbtudabñl dsbfbndid dn dntd Y`l`r amtbzdims 4733 iæds i`ltrm i` nms 43 dôms dlt`rbmr`s d nd h`agd `l nd qu` s` `xtbleubñ nndd bladpdabidi t`fpmrdn t`fpmrdn sb i`rbvd i` `lh`rf`idi amfÿl.

;. Bladpdabidi p`rfdl`lt` tmtdn pdrd nd prmh`sbñl gdkbtudn @s dqu`nnd bladpdabidi qu` blgdkbnbtd dn trdkdodimr pdrd nd r`dnbzdabñl i` tmids m i` nds hulidf`ltdn`s tdr`ds i` ibagd prmh`sbñl, sb`fpr` qu` pu`id i`ibadrs` d mtrd ibstbltd. Sr`stdabñl? p`lsbñl i`n 00% i` nd kds` r`eundimrd. Qb `s audnbhbadid s` blar`f`ltd `l ul ;3%. Q` amlsbi`rd audnbhbadid sb `n trdkdodimr tb`l` aufpnbims nms 00 dôms y lm tb`l` `fpn`m. [`qubsbtms?   m  m

 

m

 

m

@stdr dhbnbdim, `l dntd m `l sbtudabñl dsbfbndid Amtbzdabñl pdrd f`lmr`s i` ;8 dôms? nd fbtdi i`n tb`fpm trdlsaurrbim `ltr` nd h`agd `l qu` aufpnbñ 48 dôms y nd i`n g`agm adusdlt` Amtbzdabñl pdrd fdymr`s i` ;8 dôms? ul audrtm i`n tb`fpm trdlsaurrbim `ltr` nd h`agd `l qu` aufpnbñ ;3 dôms y `n iæd `l qu` s` prmiuom `n g`agm adusdlt`, aml ul fælbfm i` 0 dôms. Pl qubltm i`n p`rbmim i` amtbzdabñl `xbebim i`k` `stdr i`ltrm i` nms 43 dôms bl blf`ibdtdf`lt` f`ibdtdf`lt` dlt`rbmr`s dn g`agm adusdlt`. Qmnm s` `xbe` amtbzdabñl sb i`rbvd i` `lh`rf`idi amfÿl

1. Bladpdabidi p`rfdl`lt` dksmnutd pdrd tmim trdkdom @s dqu`nnd qu` blgdkbnbtd pmr amfpn`tm dn trdkdodimr pdrd tmid prmh`sbñl u mhbabm. Sr`stdabñl? 433% i` nd kds` r`eundimrd @l r`ndabñl aml nd amtbzdabñl pr`vbd, sb i`rbvd i` `lh`rf`idi amfÿl? amfÿl? sb `n suo`tm `stä `l dntd, `n fbsfm p`rbmim qu` pdrd nd bladpdabidi tmtdn. Qb lm nm `stä, lb tdfpmam `l dsbfbndid, 40 dôms amtbzdims. Nd qubltd pdrt` i`n p`rbmim i`k` `stdr amfpr`libid i`ltrm i` nms 43 dôms dlt`rbmr`s dn g`agm adusdlt`. 9. Erdl blvdnbi`z  @s nd sbtudabñl i`n trdkdodimr dh`atm i` bladpdabidi p`rfdl`lt` y qu`, pmr amls`au`labd i` pâribids dldtñfbads m hulabmldn`s, l`a`sbt` nd dsbst`labd i` mtrd p`rsmld pdrd nms datms fäs `s`labdn`s i` nd vbid, tdn`s amfm v`stbrs`, i`spndzdrs` i`spndzdrs`,, amf`r m dlänmems. Nd pr`stdabñl amlsbst` `l uldabtdim) 403% i` nd kds` r`eundimrd ( 03% dibabmldn i`stbldim d r`trbkubr d nd  p`rsmld qu` dyui` dn bladp bladpdabtdim) @n p`rbmim i` amtbzdabñl? `n fbsfm qu` `l bladpdabidi dksmnutd.

 

0.5.0. Oukbndabñl  Nd pr`stdabñl `amlñfbad pmr adusd i` oukbndabñl s`rä ÿlbad pdrd adid k`l`hbabdrbm y amlsbstbrä `l uld  p`lsbñl vbtdnbabd qu` qu` n` s`rä r`a r`amlmabid mlmabid dn trdkdodim trdkdodimrr audlim, auf aufpnb`lim pnb`lim i`t`rfbldims i`t`rfbldims r`qubsbtms dn nn`ed d ab`rtd `idi, a`s` `l `n trdkdom m lm s` vdyd d r`blamrpmrdr dn fbsfm. Sdrd s` k`l`hbabdrbm i` nd oukbndabñl, `n trdkdodimr i`k` `stdr dhbnbdim d nd Q.Q.. Nms r`qubsbtms vdrædl s`eÿl `n trdkdodimr `stâ i` dntd, m sbtudabñl dsbfbndid, m lm `stâ i` dntd. @n trdkdodimr dhbnbdim `l nd Q.Q. y i dntd, m `l sbtudabñl dsbfbndid dn dntd pmirä daa`i`r d nd p`lsbñl i`  oukbndabñl, amfm r`end r`end e`l`rdn, audlim audlim t`led aufp aufpnbims nbims nms 80 dôms dôms..

0.5.8. Sr`stdabml`s pmr fu`rt` y sup`rvbv`labd  Qml nds sbeub`lt`s? 4. - Duxbnbm pmr i`hulabñl? dyuid pdrd edstms i` s`p`nbm ;. - S`lsbñl i` vbui`idi?   m  m

 

m

[`qubsbtms? Dntd, dsbfbndid dn dntd. Amtbzdabñl? `l adsm i` hdnn`abfb`ltm pmr `lh`rf`idi amfÿl 033 iæds i`ltrm i` nms 0 dôms dlt`rbmr`s. 97% i` nd K[ dfpnbdkn` gdstd `n 53%. Sr`stdabñl?

1. - S`lsbñl i` mrhdlidi?   m  m

[`qubsbtms? nms fbsfms qu` `l vbui`idi K`l`hbabdrbms? f`lmr`s i` 47 dôms m fdymr`s i` gdstd ;; dôms, sb smkr`vbv` ul prme`lbtmr m ;9 sb lm smkr`vbv` lbleulm

9. - S`lsbñl d hdvmr i` hdfbnbdr`s?   m  m

 

m

K`l`hbabdrbms? pdir`s: dku`nms: gboms: g`rfdlms: lb`tms [`qubsbtms? 033 iæds i`ltrm i` nms 0 dôms dlt`rbmr`s sb `n hdnn`abfb`ltm s` prmiua` pmr `lh`rf`idi amfÿl: amlvbv`labd aml `n adusdlt` y d sus `xp`lsds iurdlt` ims dôms: adr`labd i` f`ibms i` suksbst`labd: sbl pdrb`lt`s aml nd mknbedabñl i` pr`stdr dnbf`ltms: sbl i`r`agm d mtrd p`lsbñl pÿknbad. Audltæd? ;3% i` nd K[

0. - Quksbibm d hdvmr i` hdfbnbdr`s?  

m

 

m

K`l`hbabdrbms? gboms y g`rfdlms, fdymr`s i` ;; dôms, sbl vblaunm fdtrbfmlbdn, sbl i`r`agm d mtrd p`lsbñl, sbl f`ibms i` suksbst`labd y sbl pdrb`lt`s aml mknbedabñl i` dnbf`ltms. Audltæd? ;3% K[ iurdlt` 4; f`s`s y ims pdeds `xtrdmribldrbds

8. - Bli`flbzda Bli`flbzdabñl bñl d tdltm dnzdim i`rbvdid i` rb`sem prmh`sbmldn, daabi`lt` ndkmrdn m `lh`rf`idi  prmh`sbmldn? m

   

m

K`l`hbabdrbms? añlyue`, guârhdlms, pdir`s sbl d mtrdspdrd pr`stdabml`s. Audltæd? 8 f`lsudnbidi`s pdrd `n añlyue`: uldi`r`agm f`lsudnbidi nms guârhdlms: ima` f`lsudnbidi`ss pdrd nms pdir`s, sb smkr`vbv`l nms ims y uld f`lsudnbidi sb smkr`vbv` ulm. f`lsudnbidi`

8. I@K@[@Q, [@QSMLQDKBNBIDI R [ÂEBF@L IBQABSNBLD[BM  

 

Nms hulabmldrbms i` Difblbstrdabñl Nmadn tb`l`l nds mknbedabml`s i`t`rfbldids pmr nd n`ebsndabñl smkr` hulabñl pÿknbad i` nd amrr`spmlib`lt` Amfulbidi Dutñlmfd y, `l tmim adsm, nds pr`vbstds `l nd n`ebsndabñl käsbad i`n @stdim smkr` hulabñl pÿknbad. @l dpnbadabñl i` nd lmrfdtbvd dlt`rbmr, s` s ` amlsbi`rdl i`k`r`s i` nms hulabmldrbms pÿknbams nmadn`s nms sbeub`lt`s? ▯

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Hbi`nbidi d nd Amlstbtuabñl `l `n `o`rababm i` nd hulabñl pÿknbad Hb`n i`s`fp`ôm i` su hulabñl y adrem Amndkmrdabñl n`dn aml sup`rbmr`s y amfpdô`rms Ammp`rdabñll `l `n f`omrdfb`ltm i` nms s`rvbabms y `l nd amls`auabñl i` nms hbl`s i` nd Ammp`rdabñ ulbidi `l nd qu` `stâl i`stbldims [`sp`tm y mk`ib`labd d nds dutmrbidi`s y sup`rbmr`s o`rärqubams Yrdtm amrr`atm y `sf`rdim aml `n pÿknbam y aml nms sukmribldims Mks`rvdr uld amliuatd i` fäxbfm i`amrm Eudridr sbebnm i` nms dsultms qu` amlmzadl pmr rdzñl i` su adrem Dsbst`labd pultudn y p`rfdl`lt` dn pu`stm i` trdkdom Ymims dqu`nnms i`rbvdims i` nms i`r`agms i` nms abuididlms `l sus r`ndabml`s aml nds Difblbstrdabml`s Sÿknbads, `l audltm n`s dh`at`l pmr rdzñl i` su adrem y pr`s`labd

8.4.HDNYDQ IBQABSNBLD[BDQ Nds hdntds amf`tbids pmr nms hulabmldrbms `l `n `o`rababm i` sus adrems pmiräl s`r fuy erdv`s, erdv`s y n`v`s. 8.;. HDNYDQ FPR E[DX@Q Qml hdntds fuy erdv`s?  

@n blaufpnbfb`ltm i`n i`k`r i` hbi`nbidi d nd Amlstbtuabñl `l `n `o`rababm i` nd hulabñl pÿknbad.

 

Ymid datudabñl qu` supmled ibsarbfbldabñl pmr rdzñl i` rdzd, s`xm, r`nbebñl, n`leud, mpblbñl, nuedr i` ldabfb`ltm, v`ablidi, m audnqub`r mtrd amlibabñl m abraulstdlabd p`rsmldn m smabdn.

 

@n dkdlimlm i` s`rvbabm.

 

Nd dimpabñl i` dau`rims fdlbhb`stdf`lt` bn`edn`s qu` adus`l p`roubabm erdv` d nd difblbstrdabñl m d nms abuididlms. abuididlms.

 

Nd puknbadabñl m utbnbzdabñl bli`kbid i` s`ar`tms mhbabdn`s dsæ i`andrdims pmr nd n`y m andsbhbadims an dsbhbadims amfm tdn`s.

 

Nd lmtmrbd hdntd i` r`libfb`ltm qu` amfpmrt` blgbkbabñl `l `n aufpnbfb`ltm i` nds tdr`ds `lamf`lidids.

 

Nd vbmndabñl i` nd l`utrdnbidi m bli`p`li`labd bli`p`li`labd pmnætbads, utbnbzdlim nds hdauntdi`s dtrbkubids pdrd blhnubr `l prma`sms `n`atmrdn`s i` audnqub`r ldturdn`zd y äfkbtm.

 

@n blaufpnbfb`ltm i` nds lmrfds smkr` blamfpdtbkbnbidi`s.

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Nd mkstdaunbzdabñl dn `o`rababm i` nds nbk`rtdi`s pÿknbads y i`r`agms i `r`agms sblibadn`s. Nd r`dnbzdabñl i` datms `ladfbldims d amdrtdr `n nbkr` n bkr` `o`rababm i`n i`r`agm i` gu`ned.

 

Nd pdrtbabpdabñl `l gu`neds, d nms qu` nd t`ledl `xpr`sdf`lt` prmgbkbid pmr nd n`y.

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@n blaufpnbfb`ltm i` nd mknbedabñl i` dt`li`r nms s`rvbabms `s`labdn`s `l adsm i` gu`ned.

 

Nms datms nbfbtdtbvms i` nd nbkr` `xpr`sbñl i` p`lsdfb`ltm, bi`ds y mpblbml`s.

 

Gdk`r sbim sdlabmldim pmr nd amfbsbñl i` tr`s tr `s hdntds erdv`s `l ul p`ræmim i` i ` ul dôm.

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8.1. HDNYDQ E[DX@Q Nds hdntds erdv`s y n`v`s s`räl nds `stdkn`abids `l nd n`ebsndabñl i` hulabñl pÿknbad i` nd r`sp`atbvd Amfulbidi Dutñlmfd y supn`tmrbdf`lt` `l nd n`ebsndabñl i` hulabmldrbms abvbn`s i`n @stdim. Qml hdntds erdv`s? d) Nd hdntd i` mk`ib`labd i`kbid d nms sup`rbmr`s y dutmrbidi`s.  k) @n dkusm i` dutmrbidi `l `n ``o`rababm o`rababm i`n adrem. a) Nds amliuatds amlstbtutbvds i` i`nbtm imnmsm r`ndabmldids aml `n s`rvbabm m qu` adus`l idôm d nd difblbstrdabñl m d nms difblbstrdims. i) Nd tmn`rdlabd i` nms sup`rbmr`s r`sp`atm i` nd amfbsbñl i` hdntds h dntds fuy erdv`s m erdv`s i` sus sukmribldims. `) Nd erdv` i`samlsbi`rdabñl aml nms sup`rbmr`s, amfpdô`rms m sukmribldims. h) Adusdr idôms erdv`s `l nms nmadn`s, fdt`rbdn m imauf`ltms i` nms s`rvbabms. e) Blt`rv`lbr `l ul prma`ibfb`ltm difblbstrdtbvm audlim s` iâ dneuld i` nds adusds i` dkst`labñl n`ednf`lt` s`ôdndids. g) Nd `fbsbñl i` blhmrf`s b lhmrf`s y nd dimpabñl i` dau`rims fdlbhb`stdf`lt` bn`edn`s audlim adus`l  p`roubabm, d nd difblbstrdabñl difblbstrdabñl m d nms aabuididlms buididlms y llmm amlstbtuydl hdntd fuy erdv`. b) Nd hdntd i` r`libfb`ltm qu` dh`at` dn lmrfdn hulabmldfb`ltm i` nms s`rvbabms y lm amlstbtuyd hdntd fuy erdv`.  o) Lm eudridr `n i`kbim i`kbim sbebnm r`sp`a r`sp`atm tm d nms dsultms qu` qu` s` amlmzadl amlmzadl pmr rdzñl i`n i`n adrem, audlim audlim adus`l p`roubabm d nd difblbstrdabñl m s` utbnba` `l prmv`agm prmpbm. j) @n blaufpnbfb`ltm i` nms pndzms u mtrds ibspmsbabml`s i` prma`ibfb`ltm `l fdt`rbd i` blamfpdtbkbnbidi`s, audlim lm supmled fdlt`lbfb`ltm i` uld sbtudabñl i` blamfpdtbkbnbidi. n) @n blaufpnbfb`ltm bloustbhbadim i` nd omrldid i` trdkdom qu` daufundim supmled ul fælbfm i` ib`z gmrds dn f`s. f) Nd t`ra`rd hdntd bloustbhbadid i` dsbst`labd `l ul p`ræmim i` tr`s f`s`s, audlim nds ims dlt`rbmr`s gukb`r`l sbim mko`tm i` sdlabñl pmr hdntd n`v`. l) Nd erdv` p`rturkdabñl i`n s`rvbabm. ô) @n dt`ltdim erdv` d nd ibelbidi i` nms hulabmldrbms m i` nd difblbstrdabñl. m) Nd erdv` hdntd i` amlsbi`rdabñl aml nms difblbstrdims.

 

 p) Nds daabml`s daabml`s u mfbsbml`s ibrbebids d `vdibr `vdibr nms sbst`fds i` aamltrmn mltrmn i` gmrdrbms m d bfp`ibr qu` s`dl i`t`atdims nms blaufpnbfb`ltms bloustbhbadims i` nd omrldid i` trdkdom. 8.9. HDNYDQ N@X@Q Qml hdntds n`v`s? d) @n blaufpnbfb`ltm bloustbhbadim i`n gmrdrbm i` trdkdom, audlim lm supmled hdntd erdv`.  k) Nd hdntd i` dsbst`labd dsbst`labd bloustbhbadid i` ul iæd. a) Nd blamrr`aabñl aml `n pÿknbam, sup`rbmr`s, amfpdô`rms m sukmribldims. i) @n i`saubim m l`enbe`labd `l `n `o`rababm i` sus hulabml`s. `) @n blaufpnbfb`ltm i` nms i`k`r`s y mknbedabml`s i`n hulabmldrbm, sb`fpr` qu` lm i`kdl s`r adnbhbadims amfm hdntd fuy erdv` m erdv`. 8.0. S@[QMLDQ [@QSMLQDKN@Q Nms hulabmldrbms blaurrbräl `l r`spmlsdkbnbidi ibsabpnbldrbd `l nms supu`stms y abraulstdlabds `stdkn`abims pmr `st` r`endf`ltm. Nms hulabmldrbmsibsabpnbldrbd qu` s` `lau`ltr`l sbtudabñl ibstbltd i` r`endf`ltm nd i` s`rvbabm datbvm, pmiräl blaurrbr `l r`spmlsdkbnbidi ibsabpnbldr bd pmr nds `l hdntds pr`vbstds `l `st` qu` pu`idl amf`t`r i`ltrm i` sus p`aunbdr`s sbtudabml`s difblbstrdtbvds. I` lm s`r pmsbkn` `n aufpnbfb`ltm i` nd sdlabñl `l `n fmf`ltm `l qu` s` ibat` nd n d r`smnuabñl, pmr gdnndrs` `n hulabmldrbm `l sbtudabñl difblbstrdtbvd qu` nm bfpbid, `std s` gdrä `h`atbvd audlim su adfkbm i` sbtudabñl nm p`rfbtd, sdnvm qu` gdyd trdlsaurrbim `n pndzm i` pr`sarbpabñl.  Lm pmirä `xbebrs` `xbebrs` r`spmlsdkbnbidi ibsabpnbldrbd pmr datms datms pmst`rbmr`s d nd pâribid i` nd amlibabñl amlibabñl i` hulabmldrbm. Nd pâribid i` nd amlibabñl i` hulabmldrbm lm nbk`rd i` nd r`spmlsdkbnbidi abvbn m p`ldn amltrdæid pmr hdntds amf`tbids iurdlt` `n tb`fpm `l qu` s` mst`ltñ dqu`nnd. Nms hulabmldrbms qu` bliuo`r`l d mtrms d nd r`dnbzdabñl i` datms m amliuatd amlstbtutbvms i` hdntd ibsabpnbldrbd, blaurrbräl `l nd fbsfd r`spmlsdkbnbid r`spmlsdkbnbidii qu` âstms. I` lm gdk`rs` amlsufdim nd hdntd, blaurrbräl `l r`spmlsdkbnbidi, i` dau`rim aml nms arbt`rbms `stdkn`abims `l `n drtbaunm 72 i` nd N`y i` Hulabmldrbms Abvbn`s i`n @stdim i` 5 i` h`kr`rm i` 4289. Beudnf`lt` blaurrbräl `l r`spmlsdkbnbid r`spmlsdkbnbidii nms hulabmldrbms qu` `laukrb`r`l nds hdntds amlsufdids fuy erdv`s y erdv`s audlim i` ibagm datm s` i`rbv`l erdv`s idôms pdrd nd difblbstrdabñl m nnms ms abuididlms y s`räl sdlabmldims i` dau`rim aml nms arbt`rbms pr`vbstms `l `n drtbaunm drt baunm dlt`rbmr. 8.8. QDLABML@Q IBQABSNBLD[BDQ Smr rdzñl i` nds hdntds d qu` s` r`hb`r` `st` r`endf`ltm, pmiräl bfpml`rs` nds sbeub`lt`s sdlabml`s?  

Q`pdrdabñl i`n s`rvbabm.

 

Qusp`lsbñl i` hulabml`s.

 

Yrdsndim aml adfkbm i` r`sbi`labd.

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Dp`rabkbfb`ltm. Nd sdlabñl i` s`pdrdabñl i` s`rvbabm, ÿlbadf`lt` pmirä bfpml`rs` pmr hdntds fuy erdv`s. Nds sdlabml`s i` nms dpdrtdims ;) m 1) pmiräl bfpml`rs` pmr nd amfbsbñl i` hdntds erdv`s m fuy erdv`s. Nd sdlabñl i` susp`lsbñl i` hulabml`s bfpu`std pmr amfbsbñl i` hdntd fuy fu y erdv`, lm pmirä s`r sup`rbmr d s`bs dôms lb blh`rbmr d tr`s. Qb s` bfpml` pmr hdntd erdv`, lm `xa`i`rä i` tr`s dôms. Qb nd susp`lsbñl hbrf` lm `xa`i` i`n p`ræmim `l `n qu` `n hulabmldrbm p`rfdl`abñ `l susp`lsbñl  prmvbsbmldn, nd sdlabñl sdlabñl lm amfpmrtdrä amfpmrtdrä l`a`sdrbdf`l l`a`sdrbdf`lt` t` pâribid i`n pu`stm pu`stm i` trdkdom. Nms hulabmldrbms sdlabmldims aml trdsndim aml adfkbm i` r`sbi`labd, lm pmiräl mkt`l`r lu`vm i`stblm pmr lbleÿl prma`ibfb`ltm `l nd nmadnbidi i`si` nd qu` hu`rml trdsndidims, iurdlt` tr`s dôms, audlim gukb`r` sbim bfpu`std pmr hdntd fuy erdv`, y iurdlt` ulm audlim gukb`r` amrr`spmlibim d nd amfbsbñl i` uld hdntd erdv`. Ibagm pndzm s` amfputdrä i`si` `n fmf`ltm `l qu` s` `h`atuñ `n trdsndim. Nds hdntds n`v`s smndf`lt` pmiräl s`r amrr`ebids aml dp`rabkbfb`ltm.  Lm s` pmiräl pmiräl bfpml`r sdlabml` sdlabml`ss pmr hdntds erdv erdv`s `s m fuy erdv` erdv`s, s, sblm `l vbrtui i` i` `xp`ib`lt` blstrubim dn `h`atm. Lm mkstdlt`, pdrd nd n d bfpmsbabñl i` sdlabml`s pmr hdntds n`v`s lm s`rä pr`a`ptbvd nd  pr`vbd blstruaa blstruaabñl bñli`k`rä i`n `xp`ib`lt` s` adsm. r`hb`r` ``nn dpdrtdim dlt`rbmr, dlt`rbmr, sdnvm `n träfbt` i` duib`labd duib`labd dn blaunpdim qu` `vdaudrs`dn`lqu` tmim 8.5. @WYBLABÑL I@ ND [@QSMLQDKBNBIDI IBQABSNBLD[BD Nd r`spmlsdkbnbidi ibsabpnbldrbd s` `xtbleu` aml `n aufpnbfb`ltm i` nd n d sdlabñl, fu`rt`, pr`sarbpabñl i` nd hdntd m i` nd sdlabñl, bliuntm y dflbstæd. Qb iurdlt` nd sustdlabdabñl i`n prma`ibfb`ltm sdlabmldimr s` prmiuo`r` nd pâribid i` nd n d amlibabñl i` hulabmldrbm i`n blaunpdim, s` ibatdrä r`smnuabñl `l nd qu`, aml blvmadabñl i` nd adusd, s` i`andrdrä `xtbleubim `n prma`ibfb`ltm sdlabmldimr, sbl p`roubabm i` nd r`spmlsdkbnbidi abvbn m p`ldn qu` n`  pu`id s`r `xbebid `xbebid y s` mri` mri`ldrä ldrä `n dragbvm ii`` nds datuda datudabml`s, bml`s, sdnvm qu` qu` pmr pdrt` blt`r`sdid blt`r`sdid s` blst` nd amltbludabñl i`n `xp`ib`lt`. Dn fbsfm tb`fpm, tb `fpm, s` i`odräl sbl `h`atm audltds f`ibids i` adräat`r  prmvbsbmldn s` gukb`r`l gukb`r`l dimptdim aml r`sp`atm dn hulabmldrbm blau blaunpdim. npdim. Nd dfpnbtui y `h`atms i` nms bliuntms i` sdlabml`s ibsabpnbldrbds s` r`eundräl pmr nds ibspmsbabml`s qu` nms amla`idl.

8.5.4. Sr`sarbpabñl  Nds hdntds fuy erdv`s pr`sarbkbräl d nms s`bs dôms, nds erdv`s d nms ims dôms y nds n`v`s dn f`s. @n  pndzm i` pr`sarbpabñl pr`sarbpabñl amf`lzd amf`lzdrä rä d amltdrs` i`si` qu` nd hd hdntd ntd s` gukb`r` amf`tbim. amf`tbim. Nd pr`sarbpabñl s` blt`rrufpbrä pmr nd blbabdabñl i`n prma`ibfb`ltm, d auym `h`atm nd r`smnuabñl i` blamdabñl i`n `xp`ib`lt` ibsabpnbldrbm i`k`rä s`r i`kbidf`lt` r`ebstrdid, vmnvb`lim d amrr`r `n pndzm sb `n `xp`ib`lt` p`rfdl`ab`r` pdrdnbzdim iurdlt` fäs i` s`bs f`s`s pmr adusd lm bfputdkn` dn hulabmldrbm suo`tm dn prma`ibfb`ltm. Nds sdlabml`s bfpu`stds pmr hdntds fuy erdv`s pr`sarbkbräl d nms s`bs dôms, nds bfpu`stds pmr hdntds erdv`s, d nms ims dôms, y nds bfpu`stds pmr hdntds n`v`s dn f`s.

 

@n pndzm i` pr`sarbpabñl amf`lzdrä d amltdrs` i`si` `n iæd sbeub`lt` d dquân `l qu` diqub`rd hbrf`zd nd r`smnuabñl pmr nd qu` s` bfpml` nd sdlabñl m i`si` qu` s` qu`krdltds` `n aufpnbfb`ltm i` nd sdlabñl sb gukb`r` amf`lzdim. 8.7. Y[DFBYDABÑL

8.7.4.Ibspmsbabml`s e`l`rdn`s @l audnqub`r fmf`ltm i`n prma`ibfb`ltm `l qu` `n blstruatmr dpr`ab` qu` nd pr`sultd hdntd pu`i` s`r amlstbtutbvd i` i`nbtm m hdntd h dntd p`ldn, nm pmlirä `l amlmabfb`ltm i` nd dutmrbidi qu` gukb`r` mri`ldim nd blamdabñl i`n `xp`ib`lt` pdrd su mpmrtuld amfulbadabñl dn Fblbst`rbm Hbsadn. @nnm lm s`rä mkstäaunm pdrd qu` amltblÿ` nd trdfbtdabñl i`n `xp`ib`lt` ibsabpnbldrbm gdstd su r`smnuabñl ` bfpmsbabñl i` nd sdlabñl sb prma`ib`rd.  Lm mkstdlt`, audlim audlim s` trdt` i` g`agms qu` puib`rdl s`r am amlstbtutbvms lstbtutbvms i` dneulms dneulms i` nms i`nbtms amf`tbims pmr nms hulabmldrbms pÿknbams, amltrd `n `o`rababm i` nms i`r`agms i` nd p`rsmld r`amlmabims pmr nds n`y`s y i` nms i`nbtms i` nms hulabmldrbms pÿknbams, `l `n `o`rababm i` sus adrems, i`k`rä susp`li`rs` susp`li`rs` nd trdfbtdabñl i`n `xp`ib`lt` ibsabpnbldrbm gdstd tdltm r`adbed r`smnuabñl ouibabdn. Smirä damridrs`, amfm f`ibid pr`v`ltbvd, nd susp`lsbñl prmvbsbmldn i` nms hulabmldrbms smf`tbims d  prma`sdfb`ltm,  prma`sdfb`l tm, audnqub`rd qu` s`d nd adu adusd sd i`n fbsfm, sb `std f` f`ibid ibid lm gd sbim dimptdid pmr nd dutmrbidi ouibabdn qu` ibatñ `n dutm i` prma`sdfb`ltm.

8.7.;. Mri`ldabñl i`n prma`ibfb`ltm  @n prma`ibfb`ltm pdrd nd sdlabñl i` hdntds h dntds ibsabpnbldræds s` bfpunsdrä i` mhbabm `l tmims sus träfbt`s. 8.7.1. Blbabdabñl @n prma`ibfb`ltm s` blbabdrä sb`fpr` i` mhbabm, mhb abm, pmr dau`rim i`n ñredlm amfp`t`lt`, kb`l pmr prmpbd blbabdtbvd m amfm amls`au`labd i` mri`l sup`rbmr, fmabñl rdzmldid i` nms sukmribldims m i`lulabd. I` blbabdrs` `n prma`ibfb`ltm amfm amls`au`labd i` i`lulabd, i`k`rä amfulbadrs` ibagm dau`rim dn hbrfdlt` i` nd fbsfd. @n ñredlm amfp`t`lt` pdrd blamdr `n prma`ibfb`ltm, pmirä damridr pr`vbdf`lt` nd r`dnbzdabñl i` uld blhmrfdabñl r`s`rvdid. Nd blamdabñl i`n `xp`ib`lt` ibsabpnbldrbm pmirä damridrs` i` mhbabm m d prmpu`std i`n o`h` i`n a`ltrm m i`p`li`labd `l qu` pr`st` s`rvbabm `n hulabmldrbm. @l nd [`smnuabñl pmr nd qu` s` blam` `n prma`ibfb`ltm s` lmfkrdrä blstruatmr, qu` i`k`rä s`r ul hulabmldrbm pÿknbam p`rt`l`ab`lt` d ul au`rpm m `sadnd i` beudn b eudn m sup`rbmr erupm dn i`n blaunpdim. @l `n adsm i` qu` i`p`lid i` mtrm i`pdrtdf`ltm, s` r`qu`rbrä nd pr`vbd dutmrbzdabñl i`n Quks`ar`tdrbm i` audlim nd amfpn`obidi m trdsa`li`labd i` nms g`agms d blv`stbedr dsæ nm n m `xbod, s` prma`i`rä dn lmfkrdfb`ltm i` Q`ar`tdrbm, qu` `l tmim adsm i`k`rä t`l`r nd n d amlibabñl i` hulabmldrbm. Nd blamdabñl i`n prma`ibfb`ltm aml `n lmfkrdfb`ltm i`n Blstruatmr y Q`ar`tdrbm, s` lmtbhbadrä dn hulabmldrbm suo`tm d `xp`ib`lt`, dsæ amfm d nms i`sbeldims pdrd mst`ltdr ibagms adrems. Q`räl i` dpnbadabñl dn Blstruatmr y dn Q`ar`tdrbm, nds lmrfds r`ndtbvds r`ndtb vds d nd dkst`labñl y r`ausdabñl `stdkn`abids `l nds lmrfds dpnbadkn`s dn prma`ibfb`ltm difblbstrdtbvm amfÿl. @n i`r`agm i` r`ausdabñl pmirä `o`rabtdrs` i`si` `n fmf`ltm `l qu` `n blt`r`sdim t`led amlmabfb`ltm i` qub`l`s sml `n blstruatmr y `n s`ar`tdrbm.

 

Nd dkst`labñl y nd r`ausdabñl s` pndlt`dräl dlt` nd dutmrbidi qu` damriñ `n lmfkrdfb`ltm, qub`l i`k`rä r`smnv`r `l `n târfblm i` tr`s iæds. Blbabdim `n prma`ibfb`ltm, nd Dutmrbidi qu` damriñ nd blamdabñl pmirä dimptdr nds f`ibids  prmvbsbmldn`s qu` qu` `stbf` mpmrtulds pdrd ds`eurdr ds`eurdr nd `hbadabd i` nd r` r`smnuabñl smnuabñl qu` puib`rd puib`rd r`ad`r. Nd susp`lsbñl prmvbsbmldn pmirä damridrs` pr`v`ltbvdf`lt` `l nd r`smnuabñl i` blamdabñl i`n `xp`ib`lt` y iurdlt` nd trdfbtdabñl i`n prma`ibfb`ltm ibsabpnbldrbm.  Lm s` pmiräl pmiräl ibatdr f`ibids prmvbs prmvbsbmldn`s bmldn`s qu` pu`idl pu`idl adusd adusdrr p`roubabms brr`pdrdkn`s brr`pdrdkn`s m bfpnbqu`l vbmndabñl i` i`r`agms dfpdrdims pmr nds n`y`s.

8.7.9. I`sdrrmnnm @n Blstruatmr mri`ldrä nd präatbad i` audltds ibnbe`labds s`dl di`audid di`audidss pdrd nd i`t`rfbldabñl y amfprmkdabñl i` nms g`agms y `l pdrtbaundr i` audltds pru`kds pu`idl amliuabr amliuabr d su `sandr`abfb`ltm y d nd i`t`rfbldabñl i` nds r`spmlsdkbnbidi`s susa`ptbkn`s i` sdlabñl. sdlabñl. @n Blstruatmr amfm prbf`rds datudabml`s, prma`i`rä d r`abkbr i`andrdabñl dn pr`sultm blaunpdim y d `vdaudr audltds ibnbe`labds s` i`iuzadl i`iuzadl i` nd amfulbadabñl m i`lulabd qu` fmtbvñ nd blamdabñl i`n `xp`ib`lt` y i` nm qu` dquân gukb`rd dn`edim `l su i`andrdabñl. Ymims nms mredlbsfms y i`p`li`labds i` nd Difblbstrdabñl `stäl mknbedims d hdabnbtdr dn Blstruatmr nmsi`sdrrmnnm dlt`a`i`lt`s ` blhmrf`s l`a`sdrbms, dsæ amfm nms f`ibms p`rsmldn`s y fdt`rbdn`s qu` pr`abs` pdrd `n i` sus datudabml`s. D nd vbstd i` nds datudabml`s prdatbadids y `l ul pndzm lm sup`rbmr d ul f`s, amltdims d pdrtbr i` nd blamdabñl i`n prma`ibfb`ltm, `n blstruatmr hmrfundrä `n amrr`spmlib`l amrr`spmlib`lt` t` pnb`em i` adrems, amfpr`lib`limm `l `n fbsfm nms g`agms bfputdims, aml `xpr`sbñl, `l su adsm, i` nd hdntd amfpr`lib`li  pr`sultdf`lt` amf`tbid, amf`tbid, y i` nds sdlabml`s qu` pu`idl ss`r `r i` dpnbadabñl. dpnbadabñl. @n Blstruatmr pmirä pmr adusds oustbhbadids, smnbabtdr nd dfpnbdabñl i`n pndzm r`h`rbim `l `n pärrdhm dlt`rbmr. @n pnb`em i` adrems i`k`rä r`idatdrs` i` fmim andrm y pr`absm, `l pärrdhms s`pdrdims y luf`rdims  pmr adid ulm ulm i` nms g`agm g`agmss bfputdims dn hul hulabmldrbm. abmldrbm. @n blstruatmr i`k`rä prmpml`r `l `n fmf`ltm i` `ndkmrdr `n pnb`em i` adrems, d nd vbstd i`n r`suntdim i` nds datudabml`s prdatbadids, `n fdlt`lbfb`ltm m n`vdltdfb`ltm i` nd f`ibid i` susp`lsbñl  prmvbsbmldn qu`, `l su adsm, s` gukb`rd di dimptdim. mptdim. @n pnb`em i` adrems s` lmtbhbadrä dn blaunpdim amla`ibâlims`n` ul pndzm i` ib`z iæds pdrd qu` pu`id amlt`stdrnm aml nds dn`edabml`s qu` amlsbi`r` amlv`lb`lt`s d su i`h`lsd y aml nd dpmrtdabñl i` audltms imauf`ltms amlsbi`r` amlsbi`r` i` blt`râs. @l `st` träfbt` i`k`rä smnbabtdr, sb nm `stbfd amlv`lb`lt`, nd  präatbad i` nds pru`kds qu` ppdrd drd su i`h`l i`h`lsd sd ar`d l`a` l`a`sdrbds. sdrbds. Amlt`stdim `n pnb`em m trdlsaurrbim `n pndzm sbl gda`rnm, `n Blstruatmr pmirä damridr nd präatbad i` nds  pru`kds smnbabtdids smnbabtdids qu` ouzeu ouzeu`` mpmrtulds, ddsæ sæ amfm nd i` tmi tmids ds dqu`nnds qu` amlsbi`r` p`rtbl`lt`s. p`rtbl`lt`s. Sdrd nd präatbad i` nds pru`kds s` ibspmlirä i`n pndzm i` ul f`s. @n Blstruatmr pmirä i`l`edr nd difbsbñl y präatbad i` nds pru`kds pdrd dv`rbeudr au`stbml`s qu` amlsbi`r` bll`a`sdrbds, bll`a`sdrbds, i`kb`lim fmtbvdr nd i`l`edabñl, sbl qu` amltrd `std r`smnuabñl qu`pd rr`aursm `aursm i`n blaunpdim. Nms g`agms r`n`vdlt`s pdrd nd i`absbñl i`n prma`ibfb`ltm pmiräl dar`ibtdrs` pmr audnqub`r f`ibm i`  pru`kd difbsbkn` difbsbkn` `l i`r`agm.

 

Sdrd nd präatbad i` nds pru`kds prmpu`stds, dsæ amfm pdrd nd i` nds n ds i` mhbabm audlim s` `stbf` mpmrtulm, s` lmtbhbadrä dn hulabmldrbm `n nuedr, h`agd y gmrd `l qu` i`k`räl r`dnbzdrs`, i`kb`lim blamrpmrdrs` dn `xp`ib`lt` nd amlstdlabd i` nd r`a`pabñl i` nd lmtbhbadabñl. Nd blt`rv`labñl i`n Blstruatmr `l tmids y adid uld i` nds pru`kds prdatbadids `s `s`labdn y lm pu`i` s`r supnbid pmr nd i`n Q`ar`tdrbm, sbl p`roubabm i` qu` `n Blstruatmr pu`id blt`r`sdr nd präatbad i` mtrds ibnbe`labds i` audnqub`r Ñredlm i` nd Difblbstrdabñl. Aufpnbf`ltdids nds ibnbe`labds pr`vbstds `l `n pr`s`lt` tbtunm s` idrä vbstd i`n `xp`ib`lt` dn blaunpdim aml adräat`r blf`ibdtm pdrd qu` `l `n pndzm i` ib`z iæds dn`eu` nm qu` `stbf` p`rtbl`lt` d su i`h`lsd y dpmrt` audltms imauf`ltms amlsbi`r` i` blt`râs. Q` hdabnbtdrä ampbd amfpn`td i`n `xp`ib`lt` dn blaunpdim audlim `st` dsæ nm smnbabt`. @n Blstruatmr hmrfundrä i`ltrm i` nms ib`z iæds sbeub`lt`s, nd prmpu`std i` r`smnuabñl `l nd qu` hbodrä aml pr`absbñl nms g`agms, fmtbvdlim, `l su adsm, nd i`l`edabñl i` nds pru`kds prmpu`stds pmr `n blaunpdim, gdrä nd vdnmrdabñl ouræibad i` nms fbsfms pdrd i`t`rfbldr nd hdntd hdnt d qu` s` `stbf` amf`tbid, s`ôdnälims`` nd r`spmlsdkbnbidi i`n hulabmldrbm dsæ amfm nd sdlabñl d bfpml`r. s`ôdnälims Nd prmpu`std i` r`smnuabñl s` lmtbhbadrä pmr `n Blstruatmr dn blt`r`sdim pdrd qu`, `l `n pndzm i` ib`z iæds, pu`id dn`edr dlt` `n blstruatmr audltm amlsbi`r` amlv`lb`lt` amlv`lb`lt` `l su i`h`lsd. Mæim `n blaunpdim m trdlsaurrbim `n pndzm sbl dn`edabñl dneuld, s` r`fbtbrä aml adräat`r blf`ibdtm `n `xp`ib`lt` amfpn`tm dn Ñredlm qu` gdyd damridim nd blamdabñl i`n prma`ibfb`ltm, `n audn nm r`fbtbrä dn Blstruatmr Ñredlm amfp`t`lt` qu`ibnbe`labds prma`id dqu` ibatdr nd i`absbñl qu` amrr`spmlid m, `l su adsm, mri`ldrä dn nd präatbadpdrd i ` nds i` amlsbi`r` l`a`sdrbds.

8.7.0. Y`rfbldabñl Nd [`smnuabñl, qu` pml` hbl dn prma`ibfb`ltm ibsabpnbldrbm, i`k`rä dimptdrs` `l `n pndzm i` ib`z iæds, sdnvm `l adsm i` s`pdrdabñl i`n s`rvbabm, y r`smnv`rä tmids nds au`stbml`s pndlt`dids `l `n `xp`ib`lt`. Nd [`smnuabñl gdkrä i` s`r fmtbvdid y `l `nnd lm s` pmiräl da`ptdr g`agms ibstbltms i` nms qu` sbrvb`rml i` kds` dn pnb`em i` adrems y d nd prmpu`std i` r`smnuabñl, sbl p`roubabm i` su ibstbltd vdnmrdabñl ouræibad. @n Ñredlm amfp`t`lt` pdrd bfpml`r nd sdlabñl pmirä i`vmnv`r `n `xp`ib`lt` dn Blstruatmr pdrd nd  präatbad i` nds ibnbe`labds qu` r` r`sunt`l sunt`l bfpr`sablibkn`s bfpr`sablibkn`s pdrd nd [`s [`smnuabñl. mnuabñl. @l tdn adsm, adsm, dlt`s i` r`fbtbr i` lu`vm `n `xp`ib`lt` dn Ñredlm amfp`t`lt` pdrd bfpml`r nd sdlabñl, s` idrä vbstd i` nm datudim dn hulabmldrbm blaunpdim, d hbl i` qu` `n pndzm i` ib`z iæds dn`eu` audltm `stbf` amlv`lb`lt`. @l nd [`smnuabñl qu` pmled hbl dn prma`ibfb`ltm ibsabpnbldrbm i`k`rä i`t`rfbldrs` aml tmid  pr`absbñl nd hdntd qu` s` `stbf` amf`tbid amf`tbid s`ôdndlim nms pr`a`ptms `l qu` dpdr`zad dpdr`zad r`amebid nd ands` i` hdntd, `n hulabmldrbm r`spmlsdkn` y nd sdlabñl qu` s` bfpml`, gdab`lim `xpr`sd i`andrdabñl `l mri`l d nds f`ibids prmvbsbmldn`s dimptdids iurdlt` nd trdfbtdabñl i`n prma`ibfb`ltm. Qb nd r`smnuabñl r `smnuabñl `stbfdr` nd bl`xbst`labd i` hdntd ibsabpnbldrbd m nd i` r`spmlsdkbnbidi pdrd `n hulabmldrbm blaunpdim gdrä nds i`andrdabml`s p`rtbl`lt`s `l mri`l d nds f`ibids prmvbsbmldn`s. Nd r`smnuabñl i`k`rä s`r lmtbhbadid dn blaunpdim, aml `xpr`sbñl i`n r`aursm r `aursm m r`aursms qu` qu`pdl amltrd nd fbsfd, `n ñredlm dlt` `n qu` gdl i` pr`s`ltdrs` y pndzms pdrd blt`rpml`rnms. Qb `n prma`ibfb`ltm s` blbabñ amfm amls`au`labd amls`au`labd i` i`lulabd, nd r`smnuabñl i`k`rä s`r lmtbhbadid dn hbrfdlt` i` nd fbsfd.

 

Nds sdlabml`s ibsabpnbldrbds s` `o`autdräl s`eÿl nms târfblms i` nd [`smnuabñl `l qu` s` bfpmled, y `l `n pndzm fäxbfm i` ul f`s, sdnvm qu`, audlim pmr adusds oustbhbadids, s` `stdkn`zad mtrm ibstbltm `l ibagd r`smnuabñl. Nds sdlabml`s ibsabpnbldrbds qu` s` bfpmledl d nms hulabmldrbms s` dlmtdräl `l `n [`ebstrm A`ltrdn i` S`rsmldn, aml blibadabñl i` nds hdntds qu` nms fmtbvdrml. Nd adla`ndabñl i` `stds dlmtdabml`s s` prmiuabrä i` mhbabm m d blstdlabd i`n blt`r`sdim. @l lbleÿl adsm s` amfputdräl d `h`atms i` r`blabi`labd nds sdlabml`s adla`ndids m qu` gukb`rdl pmibim s`rnm. Qml ñredlms amfp`t`lt`s pdrd nd blamdabñl i` `xp`ib`lt`s ibsabpnbldrbms d nms hulabmldrbms i` nd Difblbstrdabñl Nmadn nms sbeub`lt`s? d) @n Sr`sbi`lt` i` nd n d Amrpmrdabñl, `l tmim adsm, m `n fb`fkrm i` `std qu`, pmr i`n`edabñl i` dquân, mst`lt` nd o`hdturd ibr`atd i`n p`rsmldn.  k) Nd Ibr`aabñl E`l`rdn i` nd Hulabñl Hulabñl Sÿknbad, aud audlim lim s` trdt` i` hulabmldrbms aml gdkbnbtdabñl gdkbnbtdabñl i` adräat`r ldabmldn, pmr hdntds amf`tbids `l Amrpmrdabñl ibstbltd i` dquânnd `l nd qu` s` `lau`ltr`l  pr`stdlim s`rvbabms, s`rvbabms, m audlim audlim,, pmr nd erdv`idi erdv`idi i` nms g`agms i`lulabdim i`lulabdims, s, puib`rd idr nuedr nuedr d sdlabñl i` i`stbtuabñl m s`pdrdabñl i`n s`rvbabm. @n ñredlm amfp`t`lt` pdrd damridr nd blamdabñl i`n `xp`ib`lt`, nm s`rä tdfkbâl pdrd lmfkrdr Blstruatmr i`n fbsfm y i`ar`tdr m dnzdr nd susp`lsbñl prmvbsbmldn i`n `xp`ib`ltdim `xp`ib`ltdim,, dsæ amfm pdrd blstrubr ibnbe`labds pr`vbds dlt`s i` i`abibr smkr` tdn t dn blamdabñl. @l audnqub`r adsm, i`ar`tdid pmr `n Sr`sbi`lt` i` nd n d Amrpmrdabñl nd blstruaabñl i` `xp`ib`lt` ibsabpnbldrbm d hulabmldrbm aml gdkbnbtdabñl i` adräat`r ldabmldn, dqu`n pmirä smnbabtdr i` nd Ibr`aabñl E`l`rdn i` nd Hulabñl Sÿknbad nd blstruaabñl i`n fbsfm sb nd Amrpmrdabñl adr`ab`rd i` f`ibms  p`rsmldn`s pdrd pdrd su trdfbtdabñl. Nd trdfbtdabñl i`n `xp`ib`lt` s` doustdrä d nm n m qu` `stdkn`zad nd n`ebsndabñl i` nd Amfulbidi Dutñlmfd r`sp`atbvd y supn`tmrbdf`lt` `n [`endf`ltm ibsabpnbldrbm i` nms hulabmldrbms i` nd Difblbstrdabñl Abvbn i`n @stdim. @n Dnadni` m Sr`sbi`lt` i` nd n d Ibputdabñl, `l su adsm, `l `o`rababm i` nd hulabñl i` i`s`fp`ôm i` nd  o`hdturd sup`rbmr i` i` tmim `n p`rsmldn, p`rsmldn, `s amfp`t`l amfp`t`lt` t` pdrd damridr nd ndss sdlabml`s, bla blanubid nubid nd s`pdrdabñl s`pdrdabñl i`n s`rvbabm i` nms hulabmldrbms i` nd Amrpmrdabñl y `n i`spbim i`n p`rsmldn ndkmrdn, idlim au`ltd dn Sn`lm, `l `stms ims ÿntbfms adsms, `l nd prbf`rd s`sbñl qu` a`n`kr`.

8.7.8. @sp`abdnbidi`s  Audlim s` blam` ul `xp`ib`lt` ibsabpnbldrbm d ul hulabmldrbm h ulabmldrbm qu` mst`lt` nd amlibabñl i` I`n`edim Qblibadn, I`n`edim i` S`rsmldn m Adrem @n`atbvm d lbv`n Srmvblabdn, Dutmlñfbam m @stdtdn `l nds Mredlbzdabml`ss Qblibadn`s fäs r`pr`s`ltdtbvds, i`k`rä lmtbhbadrs` ibagd blamdabñl d nd Mredlbzdabml` amrr`spmlib`lt` amrr`spmlib` lt` Q`aabñl Qblibadn, Oultd i` S`rsmldn m A`ltrdn Qblibadn, s`eÿl prma`id, d hbl i` qu`  pu`idl s`r s`r mæims iurdlt` nd trdf trdfbtdabñl btdabñl i`n prma`ibfb`ltm prma`ibfb`ltm.. Ibagd lmtbhbadabñl lmtbhbadabñl i`k`rä, dsbfbsfm, dsbfbsfm, r`dnbzdrs` audlim nd blamdabñl i`n `xp`ib`lt` s` prdatbqu` i`ltrm i`n dôm sbeub`lt` dn a`s` i`n blaunpdim `l dneuld i` nds amlibabml`s `luf`rdids `l `n pärrdhm dlt`rbmr. Ydfkbâl i`k`rä `h`atudrs` sb `n blaunpdim `s adlibidtm iurdlt` `n p`ræmim `n`atmrdn.