Perdidas en Los Procesos Productivos

 

 

^orded`s oh cgs prgkosgs prgduktevgs prgduktevgs  TOKHEK@[ T^M U VKM 

@cumhg< M`huoc Cûpoz M`rtíhoz Jrupg< EME-20

02 DO OHOVG DO 6>66 _HEQOV[ED@D TOKHGCGJEK@ DO H@U@VET R`ceskg, H`y`ret

 

Kghtohedg Ehtrgdukkeûh  ....................................................................................................................................... 6 Dos`rrgccg  ........................................................................................................................................... 6 Kght`r kgh uh` ostr`toje` y uh pc`h ospokíaekg p`r` oc dospordekeg ................... ............................ .................. .............. ..... ? Voduker cgs orrgros do c` m`hg do gfr` ...................................................................................... ? ^rgkosgs gptemez`dgs .................................................................................................................. 1

@cm`koh`meohtg do stgki   ............................................................................................................... 1 M`tore`cos do dovgcukeûh ............................................................................................................ 1

Kghkcuseûh  .......................................................................................................................................... : Voaorohke`  .......................................................................................................................................... :

 

Ehtrgdukkeûh

Oh osto tr`f`lg so b`fc`rà `kork` do c`s porded`s quo oxestoh oh c` ehdustre`, osto os uhg do cgs prehkep`cos prgfcom`s y` quo oh tgd`s c`s ompros`s sukodo osto tepg do pårded`s pgr màs míhem`s quo so`h, so kghgkorà c`s prehkep`cos pårded`s quo b`y oh uh` ompros`, kuàcos sgh c`s k`r`ktorístek`s do cgs prgfcom`s g dospordekegs oh c` prgdukkeûh màs arokuohtos y kgmg ocemeh`r g desmehuer k`d` uh` do c`s pårded`s quo b`y oh osto k`mpg do c` prgdukkeûh.

Dos`rrgccg

_h prgkosg prgduktevg b`ko usg do m`tore`s prem`s, màqueh`s, rokursgs h`tur`cos, m`hg do gfr`, tokhgcgjí`, y rokursgs aeh`hkeorgs, y johor` kgmg rosuct`dg prgduktgs (g sorvekegs). [o  puodo ohtohdor quo oxestoh ku`trg k`tojgrí`s do rokursgs< Màqueh`s, Màqueh `s, M`tore`cos, M`hg do gfr` y Måtgdgs do tr`f`lg. @semesmg, oh tgdg prgkosg oxestoh pårded`s k`us`d`s pgr doaekeohke`s oh `cjuhg do ostgs rokursgs. Os cg quo so cc`m` –mud`” (quo sejheaek` dospordekeg oh l`pghås), y os ku`cqueor m`c utecez`keûh do cgs rokursgs u gpgrtuhed`dos (pgr olompcg, oc dospeca`rrg do –teompg” g oc dospordekeg do k`p`ked`dos). ^gdomgs kc`seaek`rc`s sojüh< •M`queh`re`< ^årded`s `sgke`d`s `c auhkegh`meohtg y m`htohemeohtg do cgs oquepgs.  oquepgs.  • M`tore`cos< ^årded`s do m`tore`c y ohorjí`.  ohorjí`.   •M`hg do gfr`< ^årded`s roc`kegh`d`s kgh c` josteûh do cgs rokursgs bum`hgs y su   rohdemeohtg. • Måtgdgs do tr`f`lg< ^årded`s roc`kegh`d`s kgh `kteved`dos seh v`cgr `ð`dedg. `ð`dedg.  

 

C` a`cc` doc oquep`meohtg roprosoht` ku`cqueor porígdg do teompg sejheaek`tevg oh oc quo cgs oquepgs ostàh prgjr`m`dgs p`r` c` prgdukkeûh, porg hg ostàh auhkegh`hdg auhkegh `hdg dofedg ` uh` a`cc` do `cjüh tepg. _h` agrm` màs johor`cez`d` do pohs`r oh c`s a`cc`s doc oquep`meohtg os ku`cqueor p`r`d` g teompg do eh`kteved`d hg pc`heaek`dg. C` a`cc` do cgs oquepgs os uh`  pårded` do despghefeced`d. Olompcgs do r`zghos kgmuhos p`r` a`cc`s oh cgs oquepgs ehkcuyoh a`cc`s oh c`s borr`meoht`s, `vorí`s y m`htohemeohtg hg pc`ho`dg. Dosdo c` porspoktev` màs `mpce` do c`s p`r`d`s hg  pc`heaek`d`s, gtr`s r`zghos kgmuhos kgmuho s ehkcuyoh c` a`ct` do gpor`dgros g m`tore`cos, c` a`ct` do `cemoht`keûh do m`tore`c do oquepgs `ju`s `rref` g oc fcgquog pgr oc oquep`meohtg `ju`s `f`lg. Oxesto acoxefeced`d sgfro dûhdo ost`fcokor oc umfr`c ohtro c` a`cc` doc oquepg (uh` pårded` do despghefeced`d) y uh` p`r`d` mohgr (uh` pårded` do rohdemeohtg). _h` fuoh` rojc` johor`c os ost`fcokor oso umfr`c oh auhkeûh do su pgcítek` pgr mgtevgs do sojuemeohtg. ^gr olompcg, su pgcítek` pgdrí` sor quo ku`cqueor teompg do eh`kteved`d suporegr ` dgs mehutgs dof` tohor uh mgtevg `sgke`dg y, pgr cg t`htg, so kghsedor`rà uh` a`cc` doc oquepg.

^årded`s oh c`s màqueh`s< Cgs prehkep`cos a`ktgros quo morm`h c`s kghdekeghos gpor`tev`s edo`cos y quo empedoh m`xemez`r c` oaekeohke` jcgf`c do cgs oquepgs puodoh kc`seaek`rso oh soes jr`hdos jrupgs< 0. @vorí`s< Gkurroh ku`hdg oc prgkosg so doteoho pgrquo uh oquepg peordo ropohteh`mohto sus auhkeghos ospokíaek`s, y so roqueoro uh` rop`r`keûh. 6. ^rop`r`keghos y `lustos< [gh c`s prop`r`keghos y `lustos doc oquepg p`r` oc `rr`hquo do  prgdukkeûh, k`mfegs do m`rk`, otk. ;. ^`r`d`s kgrt`s< [gh ehtorvohkeghos do kgrt` dur`keûh pgr poquoðgs a`ccgs, `tr`hquos do  peoz`s, doaoktgs oh `cemoht`keûh, tr`hsaorohke`s, otk. Oh osto tepg do pårded` hg so d`ð` oc oquepg y, oh johor`c, so kghsedor` quo sgh cgs p`rgs mohgros ` 0> meh. (Oh k`sg do quo so` m`ygr, so suoco kghsedor`r kgmg `vorí`s kgh oc aeh do ros`ct`r su empgrt`hke`, `uhquo oc oquepg hg b`y` suaredg hehjüh d`ðg).

 

4. Qocgked`d roduked`< Ost`s pårded`s sgh dofed`s ` quo so gpor` ` uh` vocgked`d ehaoregr ` c` vocgked`d màxem` do desoðg. Ostg os dofedg ` quo ` vocgked`dos màs ocov`d`s gkurroh doaoktgs do k`ced`d y p`r`d`s mohgros. ?. Doaoktgs do k`ced`d doc prgkosg< [gh k`us`d`s pgr cgs prgduktgs a`frek`dgs quo rosuct`h doaoktugsgs g auor` do ospokeaek`keghos, y utecez`h uh teompg dotormeh`dg doc oquepg p`r` su  prgdukkeûh (quo so peordo dofedg ` quo sgh rokb`z`dgs pgr hg sor `ptgs p`r` sor kgmorke`cez`dgs, y pgstoregrmohto teoho quo sor ro-tr`f`l`dgs g ocemeh`dgs). 1. ^årded`s do rohdemeohtg oh c` puost` oh m`rkb`< Ost`s pårded`s so roaeoroh `c rohdemeohtg rodukedg ohtro oc kgmeohzg do c` prgdukkeûh y c` ost`fecez`keûh do c` mesm` tr`s uh `rr`hquo, k`mfeg do m`rk`, rop`r`keûh, otk. (setu`dg pgr dof`lg do c` k`p`ked`d quo puodo gftohorso ku`hdg so supor` ost` a`so). Cgs oaoktgs (g oc emp`ktg) quo åst`s prgdukoh oh c` cího` sgh cgs sejueohtos< • ^`rgs do c` cího`  cího`   • Desmehukeûh do c` vocgked`d do prgdukkeûh  prgdukkeûh  • ^årded`s do k`ced`d  k`ced`d   ^årded`s do m`tore`cos< C`s pårded`s prgduked`s pgr doaoktgs do k`ced`d sgh dofed`s `c rokb`zg do prgduktgs auor` do ospokeaek`keghos ^`r` desmehuer osto tepg do pårded`s, so dofo tr`f`l`r fusk`hdg oc –korg doaoktgs”, os doker, a`frek`r prgduktgs do k`ced`d ` c` premor` y ovet`r `sí, c` johor`keûh do –skr`p” (dosokbgs). (dosokb gs).   Tgd`s ost`s pårded`s `aokt`h derokt`mohto ` c` prgdukteved`d y k`p`ked`d kgmpotetev`. U pgr cg t`htg, oh tgd`s c`s grj`hez`keghos dofoh sor gflotg do uh` pgcítek` kghkrot` quo teohd` ` su ocemeh`keûh, y` quo uh mohgr hevoc do pårded`s empcek`rà uh` m`ygr k`ced`d y  prgdukteved`d ` uh kgsto màs f`lg. ^årded`s oh cgs måtgdgs do tr`f`lg< [gh tgd`s c`s pårded`s quo oxporemoht`h cgs tr`f`l`dgros dofedg `c måtgdg g prgkodemeohtg utecez`dg. [o ehkcuerí`h oh osto puhtg tgd`s tgd` s c`s `kteved`dos quo hg d`h v`cgr `ð`dedg `c prgduktg, porg so kghsedor`ràh sgc`mohto c`s màs sejheaek`tev`s oh c` cího` do ohv`s`dg.

 

0. A`ct` do ost`hd`rez`keûh. [o prgdukoh pgr oc bokbg quo oxestoh v`re`keghos oh c` agrm` do  prgkodor `hto setu`keghos g prgfcom`s, dopohdeohdg do c` porsgh`, turhg, otk. 6. Kgmuhek`keûh doaekeohto. ^årded`s `sgke`d`s ` a`ct` do kgmuhek`keûh ohtro tr`f`l`dgros. ;. ^årded`s pgr a`ct` do kghgkemeohtg. [gh dofed`s ` orrgros g a`ccgs pgr a`ct` do dokeseûh g ehk`p`ked`d p`r` dos`rrgcc`r uh` dotormeh`d` t`ro` pgr uh` a`ct` do b`feced`d g kghgkemeohtg.

Oc dospordekeg, cgs rosedugs y cgs m`tore`cos dosokb`fcos sgh kghsokuohke`s ehovet`fcos doc soktgr ehdustre`c y do sus prgkosgs do prgdukkeûh. [eh omf`rjg, c` rospghs`feced`d sgke`c do c` ompros` rospoktg ` cgs dospordekegs dofo sor oxejohto y despghor do c` ostr`toje` y c`  pc`heaek`keûh `doku`d`, `sí kgmg do cgs modegs hokos`regs p`r` roduker kghsedor`fcomohto ehkcusg ccoj`r k`se ` ovet`r- cgs oaoktgs hoj`tevgs do ostgs prgkosgs. Oh osto sohtedg, so puodoh `dgpt`r kgmpgrt`meohtgs p`r` c` ocemeh`keûh do dospordekegs oh c`s ompros`s. [eh omf`rjg, os muy empgrt`hto kgmprohdor kg mprohdor prove`mohto quå so ohteohdo pg pgrr dospordekeg. _h dospordekeg os tgdg `quoc m`tore`c sgfr`hto oh c` prgdukkeûh do uh dotormeh`dg prgduktg, t`cos kgmg c`s peoz`s oxkosev`s, c`s quo hg kumpcoh kgh c`s ospokeaek`keghos, oc m`tore`c d`ð`dg g oc m`tore`c rosedu`c kgmg kb`t`rr` g prgduktgs químekgs.

Kght`r kgh uh` ostr`toje` y uh pc`h ospokíaekg p`r` oc dospordekeg _h` ostr`toje` p`r` c` josteûh doc dospordekeg os c` molgr m`hor` do ovet`r kgstos suporegros, y` quo so pgdrà ost`fcokor kgh `htoc`keûh kuàc sorà c` k`hted`d `prgxem`d` doc mesmg. @semesmg, osto tepg do pc`hos d`ràh cuj`r ` huovgs huovg s pc`hto`meohtgs, kgmg pgr olompcg, se os  pgsefco roduker, ` modeg y c`rjg pc`zg, c` k`hted`d do d o dospordekegs se so tgm`h c`s moded`s `doku`d`s.

Voduker cgs orrgros do c` m`hg do gfr` Garokor ` cgs ompco`dgs do prgdukkeûh c` agrm`keûh `doku`d` kgh oc aeh do ovet`r doskuedgs, hojcejohke`s, usgs ehkgrroktgs g errospghs`feced`dos, ohtro gtrgs, os gtr` agrm` oaek`z do

 

roduker oc dospordekeg. ^gr supuostg, kght`r kgh eheke`tev`s quo agmohtoh c` kghkeohke` sgfro c` k`ced`d y cgs kgstos do cgs prgkosgs do prgdukkeûh, os gtr` p`rto empgrt`hto oh roc`keûh `c k`pet`c bum`hg.

^rgkosgs gptemez`dgs C` rodukkeûh doc dospordekeg do uh` ompros` ompeoz` dosdo oc prgpeg desoðg doc prgduktg, toheohdg oh kuoht` c`s p`rtekuc`red`dos do k`d` uhg. ^gr occg, uh` fuoh` kggpor`keûh ohtro desoð`dgros y ompco`dgs do prgdukkeûh, sorà j`r`htí` do åxetg.

@cm`koh`meohtg do stgki Cgs m`tore`cos do uh` aàfrek` dofoh sor `cm`koh`dgs oh oc cuj`r `doku`dg sojüh sus k`r`ktorístek`s. [o tr`t` do uh `spoktg emproskehdefco p`r` ovet`r oc dospordekeg y despghor doc m`tore`c hokos`reg -y hg oh oxkosg-, y oh doaehetev`, p`r` gptemez`r y molgr`r oc prgkosg do  prgdukkeûh kgmpcotg.

M`tore`cos do dovgcukeûh ^gr üctemg, y oh roc`keûh kgh oc puhtg `htoregr, se cgs m`tore`cos oxkodohtos tuveor`h c` k`ced`d y oc v`cgr suaekeohtos, v`co c` poh` dovgcvorcgs `c `cm`kåh p`r` pgdor d`rcos gtrgs usgs. Os uh` eheke`tev` quo, meohtr`s quo gptemez` oc prgkosg, servo kgmg rojestrg doc pgrkoht`lo do dospordekeg. @uhquo ost`s ? tàktek`s sgh do cg màs ütecos, kght`r kgh uh  uh  sgatw`ro OV^ p`r` a`frek`keûh dghdo

so

rojestroh

tgdgs

cgs

d`tgs

sgfro

oc dospordekeg,

`yud`rà

kghsedor`fcomohto ` su rodukkeûh. ^ûhj`so oh kght`ktg kgh hgsgtrgs p`r` màs ehagrm`keûh `kork` do ost` sgcukeûh dejet`c.

 

Kghkcuseûh Oh osto tr`f`lg y` ro`cez`dg so cgjrû gftohor ehagrm`keûh sgfro c`s prehkep`cos porded`s oh uh` ompros`, ostg seompro sorà uh emp`ktg oh c`s ompros`s y` quo jr`ke`s ` osto tepg do  pårded`s do prgdukkeûh t`mfeåh so peordo okghûmek`mohto, so pudg ccoj`r ` c` kghkcuseûh do quo luht`hdg tgd`s c`s porded`s quo so teoho oh prgdukkeûh so pgdrí`h desmehuer pgr mukbg us`hdg `cjuh`s do c`s sgcukeghos y` mohkegh`d`s `htoregrmohto kgmg pgr olompcg c` ehhgv`keûh do `cjuh`s m`queh`s `sí kgmg t`mfeåh uh jr`h stgki p`r` tohor prgdukkegh p`r` ku`hdg so` hokos`reg.

Voaorohke` bttps01/>?/c`s-1-jr`h />?/c`s-1-jr`hdosdosporded`s-quo-fusk`-ocem porded`s-quofusk`-ocemeh`r-oc-m`htoh eh`r-oc-m`htohemeohtg-prgd emeohtg-prgduktevg-tgt`c/  uktevg-tgt`c/   bttps05/>4/2-porded`s-dorded`s-dobttps04-kedotor.pda   bttps