People vs. Gervero, G.R. No. 206725 Digested
October 9, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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WLOW@L OH YML WMA@AWWAJLT, p`eajth-eppl``ll, vs. LTKEL@ FLSXLSO, H@OSLJDAO ESCO@OJAO, IEJA@O DETYAFEIOS, DL@TO TO@OKOJ EJI LI\ESIO CEÕLT, eddusli. LTKEL@ FLSXLSO (ildlesli), IEJA@O DETYAFEIOS, DL@TO TO@OKOJ EJI LI\ESIO CEÕLT, eddusli-eppl``ejs. F.S. Jo. 37863 (e) tmet tml kastebl cl mojlst eji rlesojec`l2 (c) tmet at cl e kelr oh hedt2 eji (d) tmet at jlfetl tml du`peca`aty rlquarli to dokkat tml drakl or tml lxastljdl oh tml kljte` stetl wmadm tml stetutl prlsdracls watm rlspldt to ej l`lkljt oh tml oljsl. Aj tmas desl, jot e`` tml rlquasatls erl dokp`ali watm. E`` tml dardukstejdls jlfetl eddusli-eppl``ejts' d`eak oh kastebl oh hedt eji poajt ajstlei to e dojdlrtli edoj to l`akajetl l `akajetl tml vadks. AA. Aj orilr hor tml que`ahyajf dardukstejdl oh trledmlry to cl epprldaetli, tml ho``owajf rlquasatls kust cl smowj> (5) tml lkp`oykljt oh klejs, kltmoi, or kejjlr oh lxlduoj wou`i ljsurl tml sehlty oh tml ke`lhedtor hrok tml ilhljsavl or rlte`aetory edts oh tml vadk, jo opportujaty clajf favlj to tml `elr to ilhlji maksl`h or to rlte`aetl2 eji (3) tml klejs, kltmoi, or kejjlr oh lxlduoj wes il`aclretl`y or dojsdaous`y eioptli cy tml oljilr. Aj tmas desl, tmlrl as jot iouct tmet tml kejjlr oh lxlduoj wes il`aclretl`y eioptli cy tml eddusli wmo wlrl e`` erkli watm mleva`y powlrli rlerks. Ymly posaojli tmlksl`vls aj wmet tmly tlrkli es "ekcusm posaoj," et e iastejdl wmlrl tmlar vadks dou`i jot lesa`y sll tmlk, tmlrlcy ljsurajf tmet tmly mat eji tlrkajetl tmlar terflts. HEDYT> Aj ej Ajhorkeoj, ietli 36 Kerdm 5113, tml eddusli wlrl dmerfli watm ku`p`l kurilr. ILEJ‑T DASD@L 3751 — \TY HD@ 547 p.k. oh 3< Jovlkclr 5115, et Cerejfey Ka`ej, @lklry, A`oa`o, Soie wes et tml mousl oh Cerejfey Dava`aej Xo`ujtllr Orfejazeoj(DXO) Dokkejilr Mlrjejio. Elr lejf eji wma`l Soie wes weajf hor trejsporteoj couji hor mlr rlsailjdl et Enuy, Mlrjejio, DXO klkclrs Nosl eji Cljato dekl out oh Mlrjejio's mousl. Dazljs Erkli Hordls Flofrepmade` \jat (DEHF\) odlrs Ceõls, Desfeior, eji tmlar two dokpejaojs, wmo wlrl derryajf rlerks, epproedmli Mlrjejio eji esbli mak hor kojly. Vmlj Mlrjejio fevl tmlk W37.77, Ceõls rlkerbli, "As tmet tml oj`y ekoujt you dej favl wmlj you nust rldlavli kojly hrok your wahl?" Desfeior toob tml tml kojly eji seai, "Qou nust wetdm out." Vm Vmlj lj tml DEHF\ odlrs `l, Soie ajhorkli Mlrjejio oh Desfeior's rlkerb, wmadm Mlrjejio iaskassli. Ymlrlelr, Mlrjejio, Nosl, eji Cljato wljt cedb to Mlrjejio's mousl eji prlperli to fo to tml webl oh DXO klkclr Teturjajo's wahl. Et erouji lafmt o'd`odb aj tml lvljajf, wma`l Il`ae wes ajsail tmlar mousl et Cerejfey Ka`ej, @lklry, A`oa`o, mlr musceji Nosl, tofltmlr watm Mlrjejio eji Cljato, pessli cy. Il`ae pllpli tmroufm tml wajiow, de``li Nosl's eljoj, eji to`i mak jot to stey `ojf et tml webl. Vatm tml erle clajf a``ukajetli cy e `afmt cu`c, Il`ae sew tml tmrll we`b e`ojf tml jeoje` roei eji dross toweris tml radl l`i. E hlw kajutls `etlr, Aseed, Nosl's youjflr crotmlr eji e`so e DXO klkclr, pessli cy Il`ae's mousl tofltmlr watm Soie. Aseed smoutli to de`` tml eljoj oh Mlrjejio, wmo wes tmlj e`rleiy aj tml kaii`l oh tml radl l`i. Soie, Il`ae, eji Aseed dou`i mler tml tmrll DXOs `eufmajf wma`l tmly wlrl trevlrsajf tml radl l`i. Tuiilj`y, T uiilj`y, Il`ae, Soie, eji Aseed mleri e curst oh fujrl hrok wmlrl Mlrjejio, Nosl, eji Cljato wlrl we`bajf. Nosl, wmo wes tmlj wlerajf w lerajf e pear oh wmatl pejts, hl`` rst. Il`ae mleri soklojl smout, "Ymas as Mlrjejio, e DXO!" eji soklojl rlp`ali, "Carema je!" ("Tmoot jow!"). Il`ae, hrok mlr wajiow, e`so sew Mlrjejio elkpjf to turj cedb cut wes e`so fujjli iowj. Tml e`so watjlssli tml froup oh erkli klj epproedm tml tmrll DXOs wmok tmly rli upoj et d`osl rejfl. Vmlj tmly mleri tml fujrl, Aseed iroppli to tml frouji eji rej cedb to mas mousl2 Soie toob
dovlr ekojf tml radl peiials, `oobli et tml iarldoj oh tml fujsmots, eji sew plrsojs watm `ojf rlerks. Vmlj Soie rledmli Mlrjejio's mousl, sml sew Mlrjejio's soj Sojjal eji to`i mak tmet mas hetmlr wes smot cut werjli mak jot to fo out es ml kafmt e`so cl merkli. Il`ae eji Aseed mleri klj pess cy tmlar mousls tmlrlelr. Aseed rldofjazli sokl oh tml fujklj to cl mas hraljis eji posavl`y ailjli tml eddusli es tml erkli klj ml sew. @etlr tmet sekl jafmt, Wa`er Cesu`fej, wahl oh Crfy. Dept. Ce`ajes, sukkojli Aseed. Yofltmlr watm Il`ae eji Sojjal, Aseed wljt to tml mousl oh Crfy. Dept. Ce`ajes. Ymlrl tmly sew tml eddusli wmo mei e`rleiy to`i Crfy. Dept. Ce`ajes tmet tmly keil e kastebl aj smoojf Mlrjejio, Nosl, eji Cljato cldeusl tmly tmoufmt tmet tml tmrll wlrl klkclrs oh tml Jlw Wlop`l's Erky (JWE). Aseed esslrtli tmet kasepprlmljsaoj wes akpossac`l cldeusl tml DEHF\ odlrs plrsoje``y bjlw tml vadks eji tml voadls oh tml tmrll DXO D XO klkclrs wlrl rldofjazec`l. Crfy. Dept. Ce`ajes esbli ah tml vadks wlrl ec`l to smoot cedb, cut tml eddusli ejswlrli aj tml jlfevl. Ymlrlelr, Aseed, Il`ae eji Sojjal prodllili to tml drakl sdljl eji sew Mlrjejio, Nosl, eji Cljato `ahl`lss oj tml frouji. Yml SYD houji tml eddusli fua`ty oh kurilr. Yml DE erkli tml dojvadoj oh tml eddusli cut koiali tml ekoujt oh iekefls ewerili. Mljdl, Flrvlro (ildlesli), Desfeior, To`okoj, eji Liuerio (eddusli-eppl``ejts) (eddusli-eppl``ejts) epple`li to tml TD. ILEJ‑T DASD@L 3751 — \TY HD@ 5 A. Vmltmlr tml trae` dourt lrrli aj jot epprldaejf tml ilhljsl oh kastebl oh hedt. (JO) AA. Vmltmlr tml trae` dourt lrrli aj ru`ajf tmet tml effrevejf dardukstejdl oh trledmlry que`ali tml ba``ajf to kurilr. (JO) S\@AJF> Kastebl oh hedt jis jo epp`adeoj aj tmas desl Es ler`y es aj tml desl oh Wlop`l v. Oejas eji Fe`ejte, tml Dourt mes ru`li tmet kastebl oh hedt epp`als oj`y wmlj tml kastebl as dokkali watmout heu`t or derl`lssjlss. Aj Qepyudo v. Tejiafejceyej, tml Dourt mes `eai iowj tml rlquasatls hor sudm ilhljsl to prosplr, to wat> (e) tmet tml kastebl cl mojlst eji rlesojec`l2 (c) tmet at cl e kelr oh hedt2 eji (d) tmet at jlfetl tml du`peca`aty rlquarli to dokkat tml drakl or tml lxastljdl oh tml kljte` stetl wmadm tml stetutl prlsdracls watm rlspldt to ej l`lkljt oh tml oljsl. Aj tmas ddesl, esl, jot e`` tml rlquasatls erl dokp`ali watm. Harst, tmlrl wes jo rlesoj hor tml eddusli jot to rldofjazl tml vadks cldeusl tmly wlrl trevlrsajf ej oplj erle wmadm wes a``ukajetli jot oj`y cy kooj`afmt, cut e`so cy e `afmt cu`c. Aj eiiaoj, tml watjlssls tlsli tmet tml vadks wlrl dojvlrsajf eji `eufmajf `oui`y. At kust cl corjl aj kaji tmet at wes jot tml rst kl tmet tml eddusli mei sllj tml vadks. Tldoji, wmlj Nosl hl`` iowj, Mlrjejio ailjli maksl`h. Mowlvlr, ajstlei oh vlrahyajf tml ailjls oh tml vadks, tml eddusli dojjuli to rl et tmlk. Ymari, wmlj tml vadks hl`` iowj, tml eddusli epproedmli tmlar coials. Et tmet poajt, tmly dou`i jo `ojflr d`eak tmet tmly iaij't rldofjazl tml vadks2 eji s`` jot dojtljtli, tmly spreyli tmlk watm cu``lts sudm tmet Nosl sulrli 59 fujsmot woujis, Mlrjejio 58 fujsmot woujis, eji Cljato 37 fujsmot woujis. Hourtm, dojtrery to tmlar tlskojals iurajf trae` to tml lldt tmet tml vadks wlrl tml rst to rl tmlar wlepojs, Crfy. Dept. Ce`ajes tlsli tmet wmlj ml esbli tml eddusli wmltmlr tml vadks mei rli et tmlk, tml eddusli ejswlrli mak aj tml jlfevl. Ham, tml eddusli wou`i `abl tml Dourt to cl`alvl tmet tml vadks bjlw tml sehl wori "Ekoy" wmadm kust cl ulrli aj rlspojsl to "Takoy" aj orilr to lesa`y iltlrkajl wmltmlr tmly wlrl klkclrs oh tml JWE. Mowlvlr, tml vadks dou`i jot mevl bjowj tml sehl woris es eddusli Flrvlro maksl`h stetli aj mas tlskojy tmet oj`y ml eji mas doeddusli wlrl prlsljt wmlj tmlar dokkejiajf odlr cralhli tmlk ecout tml sehl woris to cl usli aj tmlar oplreoj. E`` tmlsl dardukstejdls jlfetl eddusli-eppl``ejts' d`eak oh kastebl oh hedt eji poajt ajstlei to e dojdlrtli edoj to l`akajetl tml vadks. Eddusli-eppl``ejts erl fua`ty oh kurilr que`ali cy trledmlry Fljlre``y, tml l`lkljts oh kurilr erl> 5) Ymet e plrsoj wes ba``li2 3) Ymet tml eddusli ba``li mak2 4) Ymet tml ba``ajf wes eljili cy ejy oh tml que`ahyajf dardukstejdls kljojli aj Ert. 39=2 eji 9) Ymet tml ba``ajf as jot perradail or ajhejdail. Ymet Mlrjejio, Nosl, eji Cljato iali eji tmet tml ba``ajf as jlatmlr perradail jor ajhejdail
mevl e`rleiy cllj lstec`asmli cy tml trae` eji eppl``etl dourts. Vmet rlkeajs to cl rlso`vli as tml epprldaeoj oh trledmlry es e que`ahyajf dardukstejdl. ILEJ‑T DASD@L 3751 — \TY HD@ 5 (5) tml lkp`oykljt oh klejs, kltmoi, or kejjlr oh lxlduoj wou`i ljsurl tml sehlty oh tml ke`lhedtor hrok tml ilhljsavl or rlte`aetory edts oh tml vadk, jo opportujaty clajf favlj to tml `elr to ilhlji maksl`h or to rlte`aetl2 eji (3) tml klejs, kltmoi, or kejjlr oh lxlduoj wes il`aclretl`y or dojsdaous`y eioptli cy tml oljilr. "Yml lssljdl oh trledmlry as tmet tml eedb dokls watmout e werjajf eji aj e swa, il`aclretl, eji ujlxpldtli kejjlr, eoriajf tml mep`lss, ujerkli, eji ujsuspldjf vadk jo dmejdl to rlsast or lsdepl." Yml watjlssls wlrl e`` dojsastljt aj ild`erajf tmet eddusli-eppl``ejts suiilj`y rli et tml tmrll ujsuspldjf vadks wmo jlvlr mei e dmejdl to koujt e ilhljsl. Yml vadks, wmo wlrl oj tmlar wey to elji e webl eji meppa`y dojvlrsajf watm ojl ejotmlr, wlrl deufmt o fueri wmlj e`` oh e suiilj, tmly wlrl klt watm ku`p`l fujsmots. Aj sudm e repai kooj, eddusli-eppl``ejts smot tml vadks, eoriajf tml `elr jo opportujaty to ilhlji tmlksl`vls or fmt cedb. Vatmout ejy iouct, tml kejjlr oh lxlduoj wes il`aclretl`y eioptli cy tml eddusli wmo wlrl e`` erkli watm mleva`y powlrli rlerks. Ymly posaojli tmlksl`vls aj wmet tmly tlrkli es "ekcusm posaoj," et e iastejdl wmlrl tmlar vadks dou`i jot lesa`y sll tmlk, tmlrlcy ljsurajf tmet tmly mat eji tlrkajetl tmlar terflts.
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