Pena de Multa - Penal

 

RFGTB]_GCIC IFCGFI CBJ OR_OK ]BIO]BCGSICI GFSB]FIOGKFIJLBFSB RFGTB]_GCIC XI]ICGNLISGOI JGOBFOGICI XK] JI _RFBCR DIORJSIC CB CB]BOEK W OGBFOGI XKJGSGOI

SBLI0

XBFI CB LRJSI I_GNFISR]I0 CB]BOEK XBFIJ CKOBFSB0

_RLG]B JKXBP, Bcuirck 

GFSBN]IFSB_0 -  -  -  -  -  - 

MI]]INIF XIJKLGFK, Bcnir Ojiucgk ORJB XKOOKERIFOI, Icbrjy LB@GI IWIJI, ]iðj YRG_XB OI_SBJK, Fbjjy ]kxifi YRG_XB OKFSK, Gsribj YRG_XB ERILIF, Wbfg Lirgmbj

_gouifg (Ousok) sblbstrb =8=8-GG-Xbru

 pén. 9 

 

GFCGOB GFCGOB ...................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................................... ............... = ................................................................................................................................ ? X]B_BFSIOGKF .................................................................................................................................

CBCGOISK]GI ..................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... 3 GFS]KCROOGKF ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. 2 ............................................................................................................................... 4 IFSBOBCBFSB_ ................................................................................................................................ BJ _G_SBLI CB CGI_ ‟ LRJSI BF BJ CB]BOEK XBFIJ XB]RIFK ........................... 4

BTKJROGKF JBNG_JISGTI JBNG_JISGTI CB JI XBFI CB LRJSI BF BJ XB]R ............................. 4 OKFSBFGCK................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................ .... > JI XBFI CB LRJSI ..................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ................................................. > ............................................................................................................................ ............... > 9.  Okfobptk0 ..............................................................................................................

=.  XKJÌSGOI O]GLGFIJ CB JI LRJSI0 ................................................................................ > ?. CBSB]LGFIOGßF CB JI XBFI CB LRJSI0 ...................................................................... 7 ?.9. Okfsgcbriogÿf Xrbjglgfir0 ............................................................................................... 7 ?.=. Ji ouiftìi dg`ici bf ji jby bf dufogÿf cbj gjìogtk pbfij ............................................. 7  ........... 7 ?.?. Ji pbfi cb lujti sb dg`i skmrb uf lìfglk y uf léxglk dg`ick bf ji jby. ........... ?.3. Ji cbtbrlgfiogÿf cbj cìi-lujti ...................................................................................... 7

?.2. Cbtbrlgfiogÿf cbj lkftk cgirgk ................................................................................... 98 ?.4. Ji sgtuiogÿf bokfÿlgoi-dgfifogbri cbj okfcbfick ................................................ 98 3. OI]IOSB]Ì_SGOI_ OI]IOSB]Ì_SGOI_ ................................................................................................................ 98 2. TBFSI@I_ W CB_TBFSI@I_ CB JI IXJGOIOGßF CB JI XBFI CB LRJSI ........ 99 2.9 Tbfti`is cb ji ipjgoiogÿf cb ji pbfi cb lujti........................................................... 99 2.= Cbsvbfti`is bf ji ipjgoiogÿf pbfi cb lujti .............................................................. 99 4. IRSK]B_ YRB EIMJIF _KM]B JI XBFI CB LRJSI ............................................... 9= LI]OK IFSKFGK SB]]INFG ....................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................... 9= JRG_ JKXBP XB]BP0 ........................................................................................................................ ....................................................................................................................... 9? OKFOJR_GKFB_............................................................... ................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................... .. 93

BCNI]0 .............................................................................................................. ...................................................................................................................................... ......................... 93 FBJJW0 ...................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................ .. 93 ..................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................... .. 93 G_]IBJ0.................................................................

WBFG0 ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................ .............93 93 ]IÐJ0 ........................................................................................................................................ .......................................................................................................................................... .. 93 ICB]JW0 ..................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... 93 .................................................................................................................................9 92 2 MGMJGKN]IDÌI ..................................................................................................................................

 pén. = 

 

X]B_BFSIOGKF Imknick _ulgrç Jÿpbz Bcuirck, bj prbsbftb trimi`k lkfknrédgok, triti skmrb pbfi cb lujti, ci i okfkobr jk glpkrtiftb qub bs bj cbrboek qub cbvgbfb cbscb ji jby cb glprbfti cb bf 95=?, tilmgçfpbfij bs cbdgfgci oklk ufi pbfi pboufgirgi (okfsgstb bf ji kmjgniogÿf cb pinir ogbrti suli cb cgfbrk cb pirtb cbj okfcbfick i divkr cbj bstick), pkr jk qub bj okfkoglgbftk skmrb bj tbli bs cb vgtij glpkrtifogi glpkrtifo gi pubs sb vbré ipjgoick bf bj cbrboek pbfij. Imkrcifck jks cbtijjbs skmrb pbfi cb lujti prbsbftilks fubstrk trimi`k, piri pkfbrjk i su cgspksgogÿf y orgtbrgk.

 pén. ? 

 

CBCGOISK]GI Imknick _ulgrç Jÿpbz Bcuirck, ckobftb cbj oursk cb pbfij, fubstrk trimi`k sb bfdkoÿ bf bj tbli cb ji pbfi cb lujti, cgoek trimi`k bsté cbcgoifck i fubstrks oklpiùbrks cb bstucgk, pkr su blpbùk cb cbcgoiogÿf y sus nifis cb qubrbr iprbfcbr, cb gnuij lifbri i ustbc pkr ji nrif bfsbùifzi bfs bùifzi qub fks mrgfci, i fubstrks picrbs pkr bj ipkyk qub fks cif y pkr bjjks pkcblks sbr lb`krbs pbrskfis piri pkcbr sbrvgr i fubstri skogbcic.

 pén. 3 

 

GFS]KCROOGKF Tgjjivgobfogk Sbrrbrks lifgdgbsti qub ‚bj cbrboek pbfij bs bftbfcgck oklk uf lboifgslk cb okftrkj skogij dkrlij prktbotkr cb cbtbrlgficks cbrboeks qub sb lifgdgbstif oklk mgbfbs `urìcgoks“. Xkr iqubjjks sb cbmb cb bftbfcbr i jks vijkrbs litbrgijbs (bj pitrglkfgk) b gflitbrgijbs (vgci, sijuc.) cgnfks cb prktboogÿf. Isglgslk, ouifck uf su`btk vujfbri iqubjjks mgbfbs, bj cbrboek pbfij iotgvi su gus pufgbfcg sifogkfifck iqubjjis okfcuotis okf ufi cbtbrlgfici pbfijgcic, bs isì qub bj irtìoujk =5 cb fubstrk oÿcgnk pbfij bstimjbob ouitrk ojisbs cb pbfis qub skf susobptgmjbs cb sbr glpubstis pkr bj bstick, sgbfck lktgvk cb bstucgk bf bj prbsbftb gfdkrlb ji cbfklgfici pbfi cb lujti (okfkogck bf ji ckotrgfi oklk Cìis-lujti). Xbroy Niroìi Oivbrk lifgdgbsti qub ‚Ji pbfi cb lujti glpjgoi ji prgviogÿf cb ufi pirtb cbj pitrglkfgk cbj iutkr cb uf cbjgtk lbcgiftb ji glpksgogÿf cb ufi kmjgniogÿf cb rbijgzir uf pink cgfbrirgk bf divkr cbj bstick“. Bsti okfobpogÿf fks jjbvi i bftbfcbrji oklk iqubjjis sifogkfbs pboufgirgis qub bj bstick glpkfb i uf cbtbrlgfick su`btk pkr vujfbrir uf tgpk pbfij1 qub cbmb bstir ifbxici i ji gfstgtuogÿf bstucgici. Xkr okfsgnugbftb, bf fubstrk oÿcgnk pbfij ji pbfi lujti sb ipjgoi oklk pbfi gfcgvgcuij iutÿfkli, pbfi ijtbrfitgvi k okf`uftgvi bsti sifogÿf citi cbscb 97=3 (rbnujici pkr prglbri vbz bf fubstrk oÿcgnk). Xkr ktrk jick, fubstri prbsbftb sifogÿf sb oiriotbrgzi pkr sbr pboufgirgi (cgslgfuyb bj pitrglkfgk cbj su`btk iotgvk cbj cbjgtk), lbfks l bfks jbsgvi (tgbfb uf lbfkr nrick cb rbprkoeb skogij cbsvijkriogÿf pkr pirtb cbj bstick), jglgtici (sÿjk jis pbfis lujti qub sb tricuobf bf cìis lujti pubcbf jjbnir i trbsogbftks sbtbftigogfok oklk sifogÿf irtìoujk 3= cbj O.X.) y pbrbftkrgi (sb cbmb cb pinir bf uf pjizk okrrbspkfcgbftb bstimjbogck pkr bj `ubz- ufi vbz glpubsti ji sifogÿf). Xiri cbtbrlgfir ji oiftgcic cb jks cìis lujti bj dgsoij (bfoirnick cb pbrsbnugr bj cbjgtk bf rbprbsbftiogÿf cbj bstick) rbijgzi uf prkobcglgbftk okrrbspkfcgbftb jjilick ‚rbnjis cb trbs sglpjbs“, qub cbftrk cbj prkobsk `ucgogij skjgogtir ij sbùkr  `ubz ji sifogÿf okrrbspkfcgbftb bf misb cb jks prgfogpgks cb prkpkrogkfijgcic y fbobsgcic cb ji pbfi.

 pén. 2 

 

IFSBOBCBFSB_ _b okfsgcbri orbickrbs cbj sgstbli cb cìis - lujti ij cifçs SK]X y bj subok SEW]ÇF qugbfbs jk gftrkcuobf bf bj Iftbprkybotk cb Xirtb nbfbrij cbj Oÿcgnk pbfij subok 5ª irtìoujk =8 cb 9794. Bstb sgstbli bs gftrkcuogck bf Ijblifgi okf ji _bnufci Jby cb ]bdkrli c cbj bj Cbrboek Xbfij y rbokngci bf bj irt. 29 y _ntbs. cbj Xrkybotk cb 974=, sgbfck jubnk gftrkcuogck bf su jbngsjiogÿf pbfij vgnbftb. Bf bj Xbrð, bj sgstbli cb cìi lujti yi sb bfokftrimi bf bj Oÿcgnk pbfij cb 97=3. Isì bf su irtìoujk =8 sb rbdbrìi0 ‚Ouifck ji jby fk cgspkfni bspbogijlbftb ktri oksi, ji pbfi cb lujti fk sbré gfdbrgkr i ji rbfti prkmimjb cbj okfcbfick bf cks cìis fg liykr cb ji cb trbs lbsbs“. _b okfsgcbriré oklk rbfti jk qub kmtuvgbri bj okfcbfick oici cìi pkr mgbfbs, blpjbk, gfcustrgi k trimi`k. Ouifck bj okfcbfick sgf mgbfbs, blpbjk k gfcustrgi, fk nifiré tilpkok sijirgk, sb okfsgcbriré oklk rbfti bj sijirgk fkrlij“. Iufqub fk sb eiob lbfogÿf bxprbsi ij tçrlgfk cìis - lujti oklk sb eiob bf ji iotuij rbcioogÿf cbj irtìoujk 39¸ cbj Oÿcgnk pbfij, bs ojirk okjbngr qub bj sgstbli blpjbick bri bsb. Bjjk sb vb okfdgrlici pkr ji `urgsprucbfogi cb ji çpkoi0 ‚Ji sbftbfogi qub glpkfb ji pbfi cb lujti dg`irpiri bxprbsilbftb bj quiftul cb çsti y fk jks cìis cb rbfti, qub sÿjk sgrvbfcbmb cb misb eiobr bj oéjoujk rbspbotgvk Ji pbfi cb lujti ei cbspbrtick uf gftbrçs tbÿrgok bf fubstrk lbcgk, yi qub bj jbngsjickr koupk bf rbnujir sudgogbftblbftb bf ji pirtb nbfbrij cbj oÿcgnk pbfij, cbscb 97=3.

BJ _G_SBLI CB CGI_ ‟ LRJSI BF BJ CB]BOEK XBFIJ XB]RIFK BTKJROGKF JBNG_JISGTI CB JI XBFI CB LRJSI BF BJ XB]R Bf tgblpks cbj gfoifitk jis sifogkfbs pitrglkfgijbs fk ijoifzimif i sbr uf cbsirrkjjk glpkrtiftb, skmrb tkck bj lkcbjk bstitij cb krnifgziogÿf qub tbfìif bf bstb pbrgkck y qub sb oiriotbrgzimif pkr tbfbr risnks liroicilbftb skogijgstis, tkcis jis dubftbs egstÿrgois cbstioif qub jks gfois cgbrkf prgkrgcic ij sgstbli pufgtgvk y i jis sifogkfbs okrpkrijbs sbvbris, sgbfck ufi rizÿf piri ji okfdgsoiogÿf cb ji prkpgbcic yi sb jb ktkrnimi ji okfcgogÿf cb oistgnk oklpjblbftirgk.

 pén. 4 

 

OKFSBFGCK JI XBFI CB LRJSI

9.

Okfobptk0 Ji lujti bf bj Oÿcgnk pbfij vgnbftb, rbspkfcb ij sgstbli cb lujti njkmij, sbnðf bj ouij bj @ubz, cbftrk cb jks jìlgtbs lìfglks y léxglk dg`icks pkr ji jby, glpkfb ufi oiftgcic okforbti k suli njkmij, itbfcgbfck itbfcgbfck piri bjjk i cks okkrcbficis0 ji nrivbcic cbj cbjgtk y ji sgtuiogÿf bokfÿlgoi cbj cbjgfoubftb. Bjjk sb vb rbdkrzick okf bj irtìoujk 32¸ y 34¸ cbj O.X. rbdbrbftb i ji cbtbrlgfiogÿf cb ji pbfi, ipjgoimjb i ji lujti. Bf itbfogÿf i jk lifgdbstick, pkcblks idgrlir qub ji lujti okfstgtuyb ufi idbotiogÿf ij pitrglkfgk cbj pbfick qub bs glpubstk pkr bj ÿrnifk `urgscgoogkfij, bj lgslk qub sgblprb bs bxprbsick bf lkfbci fiogkfij. Bf okfsboubfogi, ji lujti bs ufi pbfi ‟ prgfogpij k ioobskrgi- qub ei cb bxprbsirsb bf cgfbrk. Ji lujti fk bs lés qub bj lbcgk i trivçs cbj ouij sb prbtbfcb glpkfbr uf lij gcÿfbk piri gftbrvbfgr skmrb ji vkjuftic cbj su`btk gfdriotkr, cbj lgslk lkck qub ji jgmbrtic pbrskfij tilmgçf bj lbcgk bf jis pbfis prgvitgvis cb jgmbrtic1 pkr jk qub pkcblks idgrlir qub0 Bj pink cb ji oiftgcic cb cgfbrk bf qub okfsgstb ji lujti fk bs lés qub bj lbcgk i trivçs cbj ou ouij ij sb prbtbfcb grrgnir uf lij, uf sudrglgbftk ij cbjgfoubftb, pkr jk qub fk cbmb okfdufcgrsb ji lujti pbfij okf ufi lujti ogvgj5. Fk bsté pkr cblés rbokrcir qub ji lujti nkzi cb tkcis jis oiriotbrìstgois cb ji pbfi. Iufqub su cbtbrlgfiogÿf bstç gfdjubfogici bf liykr lbcgci pkr ji sgtuiogÿf bokfÿlgoi cb pbfick, y çsti cbjglgtici pkr ji fiturijbzi cbj cbjgtk. Cb ieì qub ji lujti ei cb sbr glpubsti skjk pkr bj @ubz bf uf prkobsk rbnujir. Bs idbotici pkr jks lgslks prbsupubstks qub piri ji cbtbrlgfiogÿf cb ji pbfi prgvitgvi cb jgmbrtic, prbvgstks bf jks irtìoujks 32¸ y 34¸ cbj O.X. Ji lgsli, bs pbrskfijìsgli, bs cbogr, bs glpubsti ij pbfick, sgbfck çj, bj ðfgok qub cbmi pinirjk. Ji sumrkniogÿf k fkviogÿf fk bs iclgsgmjb1 pubs1 iufqub pinub uf tbrobrk, cbmb eiobrjk i oubfti y fklmrb cbj pbfick cb ckfcb sb cbrgvi su gftrifslgsgmgjgcic. Bj gfoulpjglgbftk cbj pink, pubcb koisgkfir su rbvkoilgbftk y ipjgoiogÿf cb ji pbfi prgfogpij, sgtuiogÿf qub tilmgçf dub prbvgsti bf bj Oÿ Oÿcgnk cgnk c cb b Liurtui Liurtui cb 97= 97=3 3 (irtìouj (irtìoujk k =9¸).

=.

XKJÌSGOI O]GLGFIJ CB JI LRJSI0 Cbscb lbcgicks cbj sgnjk UGU sb kmsbrvÿ, prgfogpijlbftb pkr ji gfdjubfogi cb ji kmri cb MBOOI]GI0 ‚Cb jks cbjgtks y jis pbfis“, ufi tbfcbfogi cb sustgtuogÿf cb jis pbfis prgvitgvis cb jgmbrtic, pkr ktris cb lbfkr okfsboubfogi skogij, oklk jis pbfis pboufgirgis1 tbfcbfogi tilmgçf i dgfijbs cbj sgnjk UGU y tkck bjqub sgnjk UU. idbotÿ i fubstrk krcbfilgbftk `urìcgok

 pén. > 

 

Bsti tbfcbfogi rbspkfcb i jk qub sb ei vbfgck bf cbfklgfir ufi ‚eulifgziogÿf cb ji pbfi“, qub dkrli pirtb cbj cgsoursk pkjìtgok orglgfij iotuij. Isì, pubs, ji Xkjìtgoi orglgfij lkcbrfi sb ipkyi cbogcgcilbftb bf ji pbfi cb lujti, i ji qub jb okfobcb imskjuti prglioìi, fk sÿjk oklk sifogÿf drbftb i ji orglgfijgcic cb pkoi glpkrtifogi, sgfk tilmgçf oklk sifogÿf prbdbrgmjb piri ji orglgfijgcic lbcgi. Ji prknrbsgvi ilpjgiogÿf cb ji lujti sb ipkyÿ bf ji okfsgcbriogÿf cb qub bj sgstbli pbfgtbfogirgk pubcb lb`krirsb ouijgtitgvilbftb cb uf lkck bsbfogij rbcuogbfck bj fðlbrk cb okfcbficks i pbfi prgvitgvi cb jgmbrtic. _g mgbf, oklk idgrli uf sbotkr cb ji ckotrgfi, ji bftrkfgziogÿf cb ji pbfi cb lujti, rbspkfcb i ufi eulifgziogÿf cb ji pbfi, bjjk fk eumgbri sgck pksgmjb sg fk eumgbrif bxgstgck jis ‚okfcgogkfbs skogkbokfÿlgois qub pbrlgtgbrif i ji lujti oulpjgr okf ji dufogÿf prkpgi cb ji pbfi“98. Bs sbnurk, qub sg jis okfcgogkfbs skogk-pkjìtgois fk eumgbsbf ngrick eiogi bj iotuij stitus quk, ji pbfi fk eimrìi bvkjuogkfick eisti su bstick iotuij. Rf b`blpjk, cb bjjk, jk tbfblks bf jks piìsbs lusujlifbs oklk Gria, Idnifgstéf, ckfcb i pbsir cb ji gfvisgÿf koogcbftij, ji pbfi prgfogpij sgnub sgbfck ji prgvitgvi cb jgmbrtic gfojusk ji pbfi cb lubrtb. Rf eboek qub tilmgçf divkrbogÿ bj rbjitgvk çxgtk cb ji pbfi cb lujti, bs bj drioisk cb ji pbfi prgvitgvi cb jgmbrtic cb okrti curiogÿf, bf rbjiogÿf i ji rbskogijgziogÿf, qub gfojusk koisgkfi nrivbs nistks bokfÿlgoks ij Bstick, sgf rbsujtick divkrimjb. Cb ieì qub iðf jks icvbrsirgks cb jis pbfis cb okrti curiogÿf sb eif ‚ skjgcirgzick ijrbcbckr cb ji lujti, qub kdrbob sgfnujirbs vbfti`is0 bs rbpirimjb, yi qub misti, bf oisk cb brrkr `ucgogij, krcbfir su cbv cbvkjuogÿf1 kjuogÿf1 bs nricuimjb, pubs pbrlgtb su drioogkfilgbftk, bf lkck cb i`ustirji ij cbjgtk y cblés ogroufstifogis , isì oklk i ji pbrskfijgcic ( skmrb tkck, i ji oipiogcic bokfÿlgoi) cbj rbk1 fk prkcuob cbsirrignk cbj sifogkfick, fg pbrturmi sus vgfoujiogkfbs dilgjgirbs1 fk bs ufi oirni sgfk, ij okftrirgk, uf mbfbdgogk piri bj Bstick1 diogjgti ji rbpiriogÿf cbj ciùk1 fk pbr`ucgoi lkrijlbftb ij sgfcgoick sgfcgoick fg nbfbri eémgtk bf bj okfcb okfcbfick“. fick“. Bs ojirk qub, bf ji ckotrgfi, ji pbfi cb lujti ei sgck ijglbftici, prgfogpijlbftb, pkr bj drioisk cb ji pbfi prgvitgvi cb jgmbrtic cb okrti curiogÿf, ijzéfcksb oklk su ‚sustgtutk“1 pkr bjjk, bs qub bf ipjgoiogÿf cbj prgfogpgk cb sumsgcgirgcic9? ji lujti cbmb prbdbrgrsb i ji pbfi prgvitgvi cb jgmbrtic. _gf blmirnk, jis bsticìstgois fk fks eif prkpkrogkfick citks ijbftickrbs iobroi cb ji bdgoiogi cb ji lujti, bf tkrfk i jks dgfbs cb ji pbfi0 jks oisks bf qub sb eif glpubstk bsti pbfi, gfojusk oklk prgfogpij, fk sb eiob bdbotgvk su pink, prbsorgmgbfck bf ji liykrìi cb jks oisks. Bstb rbsujtick sb sustbfti bf ji cbojiriogÿf pkr pirtb cbj pbfick, cb su oirbfogi bokfÿlgoi. Bf sbnufck tçrlgfk, i qub fk bxgstb fgfnufi pksgmgjgcic cb b`brobr okiotgvilbftb ijnufi dkrli cb rbqubrglgbftk, pubs luoeks oisks jks pbficks fk oubftif okf mgbfbs okfkogcks93. Ji dijti cb lboifgslks jbnijbs piri bxgngr su oulpjglgbftk, ei jjbvick i qub jis pbfis cb lujti bf fubstrk sgstbli sbi uf iotk sglmÿjgok. Xirbob qub bj ðfgok oilgfk pksgmjb iftb tij gfoulpjglgbftk fk sbi ktri qub ji rbvkoiogÿf cb ji okfvbrsgÿf, sg pkr bsti vìi sb ktkrnÿ ji pbfi cb lujti, y ji okfsboubftb

 pén. 5 

 

pçrcgci cb ji jgmbrtic cbj pbfick, okf jis fbdistis okfsboubfo okfsboubfogis gis yi icvbrtgci bf ji ckotrgfi.

?. CBSB]LGFIOGßF CB JI XBFI CB LRJSI0 Ji jbngsjiogÿf pbruifi bf suXrbjglgfir0 irtìoujk 39¸, sbùiji qub ji lujti sb dg`iré bf suli cb ?.9. Okfsgcbriogÿf cgfbrk dg`ici bf cìis-lujti. _gf blmirnk, fk sbùiji fici rbspbotk i ji nrivbcic cbj gjìogtk pbfij, sg bstk ei cb virgir bf bj oisk cb qub ji gfdrioogÿf sbi ckjksi k oujpksi. Fk kmstiftb, bjjk, bsti ðjtgli okfsgcbriogÿf cbmbré cb sbr vijkrici pkr bj `uznickr ij lklbftk cb cbtbrlgfir ji lujti, l ujti, tiftk oklk pbfi iutÿfkli k oklk ioobskrgi i ktri prgfogpij. Kmvgifck uf iféjgsgs bxbnçtgok cbj prkobcglgbftk piri cbtbrlgfir ji pbfi cb lujti, iufqub ji fkrli sbi fubstrk rbdbrbftb i okftgfuiogÿf sbùijirblks ijnufks orgtbrgks fbobsirgks piri cbtbrlgfir ji pbfi cb lujti.

?.=. Ji ouiftìi dg`ici bf ji jby bf dufogÿf cbj gjìogtk pbfij Skci cbtbrlgfiogÿf cb ufi pbfi cbmb cb pirtgr oklk okfsboubfogi cb uf gjìogtk pbfij, bstk bs, cb su nrivbcic nrivbcic y cb ji dkrli cb ooklgsgÿf klgsgÿf ckjksi k oujpksi. Rfi pbfi ckjksi bs sgblprb lés nrivb qub ufi glprucbftb. Isì tilmgçf cbmb iprbogirsb ji okfcgogÿf bokfÿlgok- dgfifogbri cbj okfcbfick. Rfi pbfi qub fk okftblpjb bstks cks supubstks bs pkjìtgok-orglgfijlbftb okftrirgk cb uf Cbrboek Xbfij niriftgsti, sgfk tilmgçf gfokfstgtuogkfij, pubs okftrivgbfb bj prgfogpgk cb gnuijcic iftb ji jby, pubs, pbr`ucgoirìi skjk ij su`btk cb mi`ks rboursks bokfÿlgoks y cb bxtrbli pkmrbzi.

?.?. Ji pbfi cb lujti sb dg`i skmrb uf lìfglk y uf léxglk dg`ick bf ji jby. Bj irtìoujk 3=¸ cbj O.X. sbùiji0 ‚ji pbfi cb lujti sb bxtbfcbré cb uf lìfglk cb cgbz cìis-lujti i uf léxglk cb trbsogbftks sbsbfti y ogfok cìis-lujti, sijvk cgspksgogÿf cgstgfti cb ji jby“. Bsti tbsgs bs okftrirgi i ji cbtbrlgfiogÿf okforbti cb ji lujti bf uf skjk iotk, bxgstbftbs bf ktris jbn jbngsjiogkfbs, gsjiogkfbs, ckfcb ckfcb bj `ubz fk pubci eiobr cgs cgstgfogkfbs tgfogkfbs cb ogroufstifogis rbspbotk i ji oklgsgÿf cbj cbjgtk y ji sgtuiogÿf bokfÿlgoi cbj inbftb. Bsti bxgnbfogi fkrlitgvi ci dubrzi i fubstri iprbogiogÿf cb qub ji nrivbcic cbj eboek bs ufi ogroufstifogi bf ji cbtbrlgfiogÿf cb ji lujti. Isì, ji oklgsgÿf cb uf eboek ckjksk fk oijgdgoirìi cb ji lgsli dkrli qub ktrk oujpksk. Cb tij dkrli qub bj cbjgtk oujpksk ilbrgtiré ufi lujti lés iokrcb ij lìfglk, lgbftris qub bj ckjksk ipkstiré sgblprb ij léxglk.

?.3. Ji cbtbrlgfiogÿf cbj cìi-lujti Bj prkobcglgbftk piri bstimjbobr bj lkftk okforbtk cb ji pbfi cb lujti, bj `ubz cbmb tbfbr bf oubfti bj lìfglk y léxglk qub ji jby bstgpuji (Irt. 3=¸)

 pén. 7 

 

Bj jìlgtb lìfglk bs cb cgbz cìis y bj léxglk cb trbsogbftks sbsbfti y ogfok, vijgbfck bstks bstks jìlgtbs, bf jks ooisks isks cb cb okfo okfoursk ursk cb cbjgtks. Bsti cbtbrlgfiogÿf sb dg`iré bf dufogÿf i cks orgtbrgks yi lifgdbsticks0 ji rbspkfsimgjgcic cbj iutkr y su sgtuiogÿf bokfÿlgoi-dgfifogbri, isì oklk i orgtbrgks prbvbftgvks bspbogijbs.

?.2. Cbtbrlgfiogÿf cbj lkftk cgirgk Bj `ubz cbmb cb cbtbrlgfir bf dkrli okforbti, cbftrk cb jks jìlgtbs dg`icks pkr ji jby, bj bqugvijbftb cb oici cìi lujti bf vgrtuc cb ji sgtuiogÿf bokfÿlgoi cbj okfcbfick. Xiri bjjk tkliré oklk rbdbrbfogi bj lbs oijbfcirgk, bf oisk pbrogmi sus gfnrbsks bf dkrli lbfsuij, okfstgtuybfck bf bstb oisk ji trbgftivi pirtb cb cgoek gfnrbsk lbfsuij. Bs cklgfiftb bf ji ckotrgfi fiogkfij, qub ouifck fk sbi pksgmjb okfkobr bj gfnrbsk cbj okfcbfick, bj `ubz tkliré bf oubfti piri ji cbtbrlgfiogÿf cb ji oukti cgirgi cb ji lujti ji rblufbriogÿf lìfgli vgtij vgnbftb ij lklbftk cb ji sbftbfogi==.

?.4. Ji sgtuiogÿf bokfÿlgoi-dgfifogbri cbj okfcbfick Oklk sbùiji bj irt. 39¸ cbj OX, ji cbtbrlgfiogÿf cb ji pbfi cb jks cìis-lujti kmjgni i tklir bf oubfti bj ‚gfnrbsk prklbcgk cgirgk cbj okfcbfick“. Xiri bjjk bj  `ubz cbmb cb tklir bf oubfti su ‚pitrglkfgk, rbftis, rblufbriogkfbs, fgvbj cb nistks y cblés sgnfks bxtbrgkrbs cb rgqubzi“. Bj `ubz pubcb pbcgr gfdkrliogÿf ij prkpgk okfcbfick skmrb sus gfnrbsks k pitrglkfgk. Silmgçf pubcb kmtbfbrjk lbcgiftb bj oruob cb gfdkrliogÿf okf bftgcicbs mifoirgis y dgfifogbris. Rfi vbz bstimjbogci ji sgtuiogÿf bokfÿlgoi-dgfifogbri cbj okfcbfick, bj `ubz cbmb bstimjbobr ufi rbfti, cbsokftifck jks prkpgks nistks cbj inbftb piri su lifutbfogÿf. Cb ieì qub ei cb oijoujir ji ouiftìi cgirgi y cbsokftifck su fgvbj cb nistk bstimjbobr bstimjbobr rbogçf bj lkftk cb ji lujti lujti.. Bf dgf, cbmb cb iotuir c cb b ioubrck i jks pirélbtrks jbnijbs y prgfogpgstis.

3. OI]IOSB]Ì_SGOI_ ]bspbotk ij lkftk qub sb vi i pinir i divkr cbj Bstick, çstb bs dg`ick bf cìis lujti, jk ouij bqugvijb ij gfnrbsk prklbcgk cgirgk cbj okfcbfick, cbtbrlgféfcksb i pirtgr cb sus rblufbriogkfbs, rbftis, pitrglkfgk, fgvbj cb nistk y jks sgnfks bxtbrgkrbs cb rgqubzi, okfdkrlb sb ei bstimjbogck tixitgvilbftb bf bj Irtìoujk 39¸ cbj Oÿcgnk Xbfij.  Fk sb eiob lbfogÿf ijnufi ij okfcbfick cbskou cbskoupick pick k qub fk pbrogmb gfnrbsk k iqubj qub sb bfoubftri bf bstick cb prboirgbcic, jk ouij bs oklðf cbfklgfickr bf ji liykrìi cb ji pkmjiogÿf pbruifi. Ji curiogÿf cb ji pbfi cb lujti djuotði bftrb uf lìfglk cb cgbz cìis i trbsogbftks cìis lujti, bf vgrtuc i jk cgspubstk bf bj Irtìoujk Irt ìoujk 3=¸ cbj Oÿcgnk Xbfij.  Ij rbvgsir cb lifbri sgstblétgoi bj Oÿcgnk ssustiftgvk, ustiftgvk, fks p pkcblks kcblks pbroitir qub bsté oiriotbrìstgoi fk bs imskjuti, yi qub bf bj Irtìoujk ?82¸ cb ji fkrli

 pén. 98 

 

ioktici jks cbjgtks okftri ji Bokjknìi pkr ogtir uf b`blpjk, sb sifogkfif okf pbfi cb lujti cb ?42 i >?8 cìis lujti, okfsboubftblbftb, bstk fks rbvbji qub sì pubcb bstimjbobrsb lérnbfbs cgstgftks i jks gfgogijlbftb puftuijgzicks. Ji ouiftìi cbj cìi lujti, bstimjbogck bf bj Irtìoujk. 3?¸ cbj Oÿcgnk Xbfij, sb rbdgbrb i qub bj jìlgtb cbj glpkrtb i pinir pkr bj okfcbfick pkr bj okfobptk cb lujti fk sbré lbfkr cbj vbgftgogfok pkr ogbftk fg liykr cbj ogfoubfti pkr ogbftk cbj gfnrbsk cgirgk, ouifck vgvi bxojusgvilbftb cb su trimi`k.  Okfvgbfb cbstioir qub cgo cgoeks eks pkrobfti`bs sb okfv okfvgbrtbf gbrtbf bf ufi rbnji cb bxobpogÿf. Bf bj irtìoujk 33¸ cbj Oÿcgnk Xbfij, sb cbtbrlgfi ji kpkrtufgcic cb pink, ji qub cb ioubrck i jby cbmbré bdbotuirsb cbftrk cb jks cgbz cìis cb prkfufogici ji sbftbfogi, iufqub bj @ubz pubcb sbr dioujtick piri qub cb ioubrck okf jis ogroufstifogis pubci pbrlgtgrsb bj pink bf ouktis lbfsuijbs.  Bstb prbobptk jbnij f fk k sbùiji eisti ou ouéfck éfck pkcrìi prkjkfnirsb cgoek pink lbfsuij, jk qub nbfbri gfsbnurgcic pkr ji glprbogsgÿf cbj lkftk y ogroufstifogis bf qub cbmb eiobrsb bdbotgvk bj pink cb ji lujti.

2. TBFSI@I_ W CB_TBFSI@I_ CB JI IXJGOIOGßF CB JI XBFI CB LRJSI 2.9 Tbfti`is cb ji ipjgoiogÿf cb ji pbfi cb lujti • _kogijlbftb liftgbf liftgbfb b ij ookfcbfick kfcbfick oklk oklk bjblbftk iotgvk yi qub fk sb cbspbrcgogi su dubrzi cb trimi`k, oubstgÿf çsti ðjtgli qub sb litbrgijgzi ouifck i trivçs cb ufi sifogÿf pufgtgvi, sb jb prgvi cb su jgmbrtic. • _b jb okfsbrvi ij okfcbfick okfcbfick bf ssu u lbcgk sgf cbs cbstrugr trugr sus okftiotks, dilgjgirbs. jimkrijbs, skogijbs, bs cbogr, okf ji glpksgogÿf cb ji lujti, fk sb cbnrici ij okfcbfick fg sb cbsekfri i su dilgjgi, pkr jk tiftk. cgoei lbcgci fk okfstgtuyb kmstéoujk bf su rbeimgjgtiogÿf skogij, dgf qub oklk simblks, bsté cbtbrlgfick pkr ji prkpgi Oirti Dufcilbftij cbj Bstick, yi qub oirbob, rbgtbrilks, ji lujti oirbob cb bdbotks cbnriciftbs y sgnfgdgoitgvilbftb fkogvks. • Fk idboti bj trimi`k ij okfcbfick, okfcbfick, bf bj sbftgck cb qub çstb li liftgbfb ftgbfb su pubstk jimkrij, bf okfsboubfogi. sgnub nbfbrifck gfnrbsks jk qub rbcufciré. bf qub sb vbi pksgmgjgtick cb oulpjgr okf bj pink cb ji lujti qub jb ei sgck glpubsti. • Bs djbxgmjb su ipjgoiogÿf ipjgoiogÿf yi qub su iciptiogÿf cbpbfcb c cb b jis okfcgogkfbs bokfÿlgois cbj okfcbfick, fk cbpbfcgbfck cb diotkrbs bxtbrfks fg cb ìfckjb cgvbrsi i ji qub okrrbspkfcb i sus gfnrbsks pboufgirgks. • Fk nbf nbfbri bri liykrbs okstks piri bj Bstick, pkr bj okftrirgk, ji pbfi prgvitgvi cb jgmbrtic sì koisgkfi b grrkni nistks ij ipiritk bstitij bf cbtrglbftk, icblés, cb ji ogucicifìi bf nbfbrij.

2.= Cbsvbfti`is bf ji ipjgoiogÿf pbfi cb lujti • Glpjgoi ufi jglgtiogÿf bf ji oijgcic cb vvgci, gci, ij idbotir ji oipiogcic bokfÿlgoi cbj okfcbfick.  pén. 99 

 

• _b idgrli qub ji lujti fk oul oulpjb pjb okf bj rkj prbvbftgvk, yi qub ji pb pbfi fi cb lujti gftglgci lbfks qub ji prgsgÿf y pubcb rbsujtir gfbdgoiz, yi qub fk jknri cbsgfobftgvir ji oklgsgÿf cb eboeks cbjgotuksks1 sgf blmirnk, ioktilks qub fk okgfogcglks okf tij pirbobr, tkci vbz qub ji pbfi prgvitgvi cb jgmbrtic, cb ji lifbri bf qub iotuijlbftb bs tritici tiftk jbngsjitgvi oklk bstruoturijlbftb, fk oulpjb okf su oklbtgck cb prbvbfogÿf nbfbrij y lbfks, ei jknrick litbrgijgzir bj km`btgvk prglkrcgij cb skogijgzir y rbgfsbrtir ij gfdriotkr i ji skogbcic. • Ji gfs gfskjvbfogi kjvbfogi cbj ookfcbfick kfcbfick pubcb jjbvir i ji glpuf glpufgcic. gcic. ]bgtbrilks ]bgtbrilks fubstri pksgogÿf ij rbspbotk. Kmsbrviogkfbs i ji pbfi cb lujti

X]GLB] XRFSK. - I jk jirnk cb fubstri jbngsjiogÿf pbfij kmsbrvilks qub bj oisk cbj cbskoupick k cbsblpjbick fk sb pjiftbi cb lkck bxprbsk, jk ouij okfjjbvi i prkmjblis cb ipjgoiogÿf cb ji lujti bf ji préotgoi. bjjk, pkr ji glpksgmgjgcic cb qub bj gfdriotkr, pubci oulpjgr okf bj pink cb ji lujti qub sb jb glpusk pkr cbogsgÿf cbj ÿrnifk `urgscgoogkfij. _BNRFCK XRFSK. -_g mgbf bs ogbrtk bj Irtìoujk 3=¸ cbj Oÿcgnk Xbfij, sbùiji jks jìlgtbs cb ji pbfi cb lujti, prbogsifck oklk lìfglk 98 cìis - lujti y oklk léxglk ?42 cìis lujti1 fk kmstiftb, cbmb gfcgoirsb qub piri rbprglgr jks cbjgtks okftri ji bokjknìi-Irtìoujk ?82¸ OX-. sb sbùiji ufi pbfi cb ?42 i >?8 cìis lujti, kmsbrvéfcksb qub bxgstbf lérnbfbs cgstgftks v. okf bjjk, bvgcbftblbftb bxgstgrìi ogbrti vujfbriogÿf cbj Xrgfogpgk cb Jbnijgcic prbvgstk bf bj Irtìoujk GG cbj Sìtujk Xrbjglgfir cbj tbxtk sustiftgvk. SB]OB] XRFSK.- ]bspbotk i ji kpkrtufgcic cb pink, bj Irtìoujk 33¸ cbj Oÿcgnk Xbfij sbùiji qub cbmbré pinirsb cbftrk cb jks 98 cìis sgnugbftbs cb prkfufogici ji sbftbfogi, bjjk, ouifck qubci dgrlb1 isglgslk, sbùiji qub cb lkck bspbogij bj  `ubz tgbfb ji dioujtic ouif ouifck ck jis oogroufstifogis groufstifogis jk `ustgdgqubf, cb pkcbr iutkrgzir bj pink bf ouktis lbfsuijbs1 sgf blmirnk, cbtbotilks ktrk vioìk bf ji fkrli ij fk sbùijirsb eisti ouéfck pkcrìi prkjkfnirsb cgoek pink lbfsuij, jk qub oklk prbogsilks bf uf iféjgsgs iftbrgkr, okfstgtuyb ufi gfbxiotgtuc qub fk cbmb iclgtgrsb bf lkck ijnufk. ORI]SK XRFSK. -Ktri kmsbrviogÿf i ji ipjgoiogÿf cb ji pbfi cb lujti bs qub fubstrk Oÿcgnk Xbfij fk ei prbvgstk oÿlk cbdgfgr bj lkftk cb jis ouktis bf bj prkobsk cb gfdjiogÿf iotuij bf qub vgvglks, jk qub okftrgmuyb i ji prkmjblétgoi qub iotuijlbftb sb susogti bf tkrfk ij oulpjglgbftk cb cgoei sifogÿf pboufgirgi. Bf bdbotk, okf tij prbogsgÿf, sb bvgtirìi qub ji pbfi cb lujti pgbrci su sbftgck rbprbsgvk y sb cbsfiturijgob oklk tij.

4. IRSK]B_ YRB EIMJIF _KM]B JI XBFI CB LRJSI 0  cgob qub ji pbfi cb lujti fk pubcb dijtir bf bj sgstbli pbfij bf jks cbjgtks jbvbs, sb triti cb ufi pbfi pboufgirgi y qub idboti ij pitrglkfgk cbj okfcbfick yi qub glpkfb ufi kmjgniogÿf cb pinir ufi suli cb cgfbrk gfcgoici pkr bj `ubz bf su rbskjuogÿf, LI]OK IFSKF K SB]]INF

 pén. 9= 

 

JR _ JK XBP XB]BP0   cgob

qub, bf bj oÿcgnk pbfij vgnbftb, rbspkfcb ij sgstbli cb lujti glpubsti pkr bj `ubz, yi sbi lìfglk k léxglk yi qub skf dg`icis pkr ji jby, cbpbfcb i ji oiftgcic okforbti, cbpbfcb i ji sgtuiogÿf yi sbi uf cbjgtk cb nrivbcic k ji sgtuiogÿf bokfÿlgoi cbj iousick.

 pén. 9? 

 

OKFOJR_ KFB_

BCNI]0 Ji lujti bs ufi pbfi cbstgfici, skmrb tkck, i sbr ipjgoici bf jks oisks bf qub bj prkobsick tgbfb oipiogcic bokfÿlgoi piri skpkrtirji. Bstk sÿjk okfstgtuyb ufi lifgdbstiogÿf cbj orgtbrgk nbfbrij cb ji oipiogcic cb sbr sklbtgck i ufi pbfi. _u glpksgogÿf pgbrcb tkck sbftgck y bdgoiogi ouifck bs glpubsti i qugbf oirbob cb cgoei oipiogcic. Bf bstb oisk, sbré sbftgci oklk ufi ckmjb gf`ustgogi skogij0 inriviogÿf cb ji cbsgnuijcic pkrdgfifogbrks rizkfbs bokfÿlgois. fk sumvbfgr ipjgoiogÿficb ji lujti i qugbfbs oirbobf cb skogij lbcgks sudgogbftbs Ji piri sus fbobsgcicbs bjblbftijbs y i jis cb sus dilgjgis bs bj ðfgok lbcgk piri bvgtir qub sbi okfvbrtgci bf ktri pbfi prgvitgvi cb cbrboeks, bf pirtgoujir cbj cbrboek i ji jgmbrtic. Lés okebrbftb sbrìi bj cb prbvbr ji glpksgogÿf cb ktris pbfis piri bxojugr ji pbfi prgvitgvi cb jgmbrtic1 ougcifck blpbrk cb qub fk sb cbrgvb i ufi ilpjgiogÿf cb ji rbprbsgÿf cb ogbrtks oklpkrtilgbftks qub1 cb fk bxgstgr cgoeis sifogkfbs, pbrlifbobrìif glpufbs.

FBJJW0 Bs ufi sifogÿf pboufgirgi qub bstimjbob bj bstick, ji pbfi bsti cbstgfici i eiobr ipjgoici iqubjjks qgb oklbtbf bj cbjgtk cbftrk cb ufi bstick. Ji sifogkf  `urìcgoi pbfij cbmb okfsgcbrirsb ij lgslk fgvbj cb glpkrtifogi G_]IBJ0 Ji pbfi cb lujti kmjgni ij okfcbfick i pinir ij bstick ufi suli cb cgfbrk dg`ici bf cìis - lujti y bstb glpkrtb cbj cìi - lujti sbré bqugvijbftb ij gfnrbsk prklbcgk cgirgk cbj okfcbfick y sb cbtbrlgfi itbfcgbfck i su pitrglkfgk, rbfti, rblufbriogkfbs, fgvbj cb nistk y cblés sgnfks bxtbrgkrbs cb rgqubzi. WBFG0 Ji pbfi cb lujti glpubsti pkr uf @uznick Xbfij bs ufi cb jis ojisbs cb pbfis prbvgstis bf bj Oÿcgnk Xbfij, yi qub ei cb sbr oulpjgci oklk ouijqugbr ktri pbfi y tilmgçf cb`i iftbobcbftbs pbfijbs, ji pbfi cb lujti bs ufi pbfi cbstgfici, skmrb tkck, i sbr ipjgoici bf jks oisks bf qub bj prkobsick tgbfb oipiogcic bokfÿlgoi piri skpkrtirji. ]IÐJ0 Bf okfojusgÿf, ji pbfi cb lujti bs ufi sifogÿf cb oiréotbr pboufgirgk qub sb glpkfb i ji sbftbfogi pbfij pkr jk oklgsgÿf cb ogbrtks cbjgtks, icblés cb qub bsti pbfi cb lujti bsté rbnujici pkr bj irtìoujk 28 cbj oÿcgnk pbfij  pbfij  ICB]JW0 Bxgstb rbjiogÿf cbdgogbftb bftrb ji ipjgoiogÿf cbj glpkrtb cbj cìi-lujti y ji oifobjiogÿf cb jks iftbobcbftbs cbj okfcbfick. Jis cbdgogbfogis prbsbfticis bf ji ipjgoiogÿf cb ji pbfi cb lujti fk tgbfbf gfogcbfogi bf ji oifobjiogÿf cb jks iftbobcbftbs pbfijbs, `ucgogijbs y pkjgogijbs.

 pén. 93 

 

MGMJGKN]IDÌI CBTB_I, ]. (9> cb 9773).  B_XGFK XB]BP, `. (9> cb sbtgblmrb cb 97>2). dgjb0///O0/Rsbrs/R_RI dgjb0///O0/ Rsbrs/R_RI]GK/Ckwfj ]GK/Ckwfjkics/pbfi% kics/pbfi%=8cb%=8luj =8cb%=8lujti.pcd. ti.pcd. (s.d.). Nirogi.X, O. (=897). cbrboek pbfij pirtb nbfbrij . Kmtbfgck cb cbrboek pbfij pirtb nbfbrij. LI]SGF, N. (5 cb _BSGBLM]B cb 9855). X.93?. LRÙK_ OKFCB, d. (92 cb kotumrb cb 9758). Xbrbz, C. J. (s.d.). Kmtbfgck cb ettps0//cbrboek.uslp.bcu.pb/gfstg ettps0//cbrboek .uslp.bcu.pb/gfstgtutk/rbvgsti/i tutk/rbvgsti/irtgoujks/I rtgoujks/Iobroi[cb[ji[X obroi[cb[ji[Xbfi[cb[Lujti.pcd bfi[cb[Lujti.pcd XRFGSGTK, I. C. (9= cb CGOGBLM]B cb =8=8). Kmtbfgck cb ^^^.lkfknridgis.ok ^^^.lkfknridgis.okl l

Xéngfi ^bm (_/D), JI IXJGOIOGßF CB JI XBFI CB LRJSI D]BFSB IJ _G_SBLI XRFGSGTK XB]RIFK, cgspkfg cgspkfgmjb mjb bf0 ettps0//www.lkfknridgis.okl/trimi` ettps0//www.lkfknridgis.okl/trimi`ks984/ipjgoi ks984/ipjgoiogkfogkfpbfi-lujti-drbftb-ij-sgstbli-puf pbfi-lujti-drbf tb-ij-sgstbli-pufgtgvk-pbruif gtgvk-pbruifk/ipjgoiog k/ipjgoiogkf-pbfi-lujti kf-pbfi-lujti-drbftb-ij-sgstbli -drbftb-ij-sgstbli-pufgtgvk-pbruifk.setlj Musoick bj 9= cb cgogblmrb cbj =8=8. www.nkknj www.nkknjb.okl/sbiroe;q