Pemex y La Reforma Energetica
January 5, 2023 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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Netrflujjnúe Hethelhr ad lhphelhejnd lh K Kîxnjf îxnjf da phtrúahf hs hethelhr su m mnstfrnd. nstfrnd. Lhslh quh ha Ghehrda Ghehrda Aäzdrf Järlheds lhjrhtd ad hxprfpndjnúe phtrfahrd he phtrfahrd he 4>:9, hsth rhjursf sh md jfevhrtnlf he käs quh ued iuheth lh hehrgëd2 hs ue thkd lh sf`hrdeëd edjnfeda, kdehodlf he ha nejfesjnheth jfahjtnvf jfkf ue sngef lh nelhphelhejnd. Ad rhifrkd lh Shtrúahfs Khxnjdefs hs trdsjhelheth yd y d quh ef hxnsth he Kîxnjf nelustrnd käs nkpfrtdeth quh ad nelustrnd lha phtrúahf, pfr af tdetf su pdpha quh rhprhshetd he ha lhsdrrfaaf lha pdës nkpuasdelf d ftrds nelustrnds hs nkpfrtdeth. Hetfejhs ad rhspfesd`nanldl hs kdyfr he ad tfkd lh lhjnsnfehs y ef pflhkfs hqunvfjdrefs, ldlf quh hstd nelustrnd hs ha pdtrnkfenf edjnfeda.
F`ohtnvfs • Hxpanjdr ue pdefrdkd he ghehrda sf`rh af quh padethd ad Phifrkd Hehrgîtnjd he mnlrfjdr`urfs. •Hxpanjdr ha ¶Sfr quî ued Phifrkd Hehrgîtnjd6 ^ su nkpdjtf sf`rh SHKH]
Oustninjdjnúe
¶Tuî hs ad Phifrkd Hehrgîtnjd6 Hs ued rhifrkd lnrngnld d dprfvhjmdr da käxnkf ha pfthejnda phtrfahrf lh Kîxnjf y ifrtdahjhr d Shtrúahfs Khxnjdefs. ·Hs ued prfpuhstd quh dtnhelh afs prnejnpdahs lhsdiëfs lh euhstrd nelustrnd ha kdeldtf jfestntujnfeda jfesdgrd adphtrfahrd, sf`hrdeëd rhsphtdelf lh ad edjnúe sf`rh sus rhjursfs edturdahs. quh ·Hs ued nenjndtnvd quh dshgurd quh ha phtrúahf hs pdadejd pdrd ha lhsdrrfaaf lha pdës y shgunrä snhelf lh tflfs afs khxnjdefs. ·Hs ued nenjndtnvd juyf f`ohtnvf hs dshgurdr quh Kîxnjf juheth jfe phtrúahf ef súaf pdrd afs khxnjdefs lh mfy, snef pdrd ads iuturds ghehrdjnfehs
Hs ued nenjndtnvd quh ifrtdahjh d Shkhx pdrd quh sngd snhelf ued hkprhsd pÿ`anjd lh tflfs afs khxnjdefs? f Ad rhifrkd nejrhkhetd ad jdpdjnldl fphrdtnvd lh Shkhx, da ldrah kdyfr dutfefkëd inedejnhrd y lh ghstnúe f Ad rhifrkd hstd`ahjhrä ued euhvd hstrujturd dlknenstrdtnvd pdrd Shkhx. f jfetrdtdr d hkprhsds hsphjndanzdlds pdrd ad jfestrujjnúe y fphrdjnúe lh euhvds rhinehrëds pfr juhetd lh Shkhx.
Afs f`ohtnvfs lh hstd Phifrkd Hehrgîtnjd sfe afs a fs sngunheths? idknands? @dodräe afs jfstfs lh afs rhjn`fs lh ad auz y ha gds. (n) Khofrdr ad hjfefkëd lh ads idknands? Da thehr gds käs `drdtf sh pflräe pflräe prflujnr ihrtnanzdeths lh khofr khofr prhjnf, af quh rhsuatdrä he dankhetfs käs `drdtfs. hkpahfs? Zh jrhdräe euhvfs trd`dofs he afs prúxnkfs dôfs. (nn) Dukhetdr ad nevhrsnúe y afs hkpahfs? Jfe ads euhvds hkprhsds y khefrhs tdrnids md`rä jhrjd lh khlnf knaaúe lh hkpahfs käs he hsth shxhenf y 0 y khlnf knaafehs käs pdrd 0308, he tflf ha pdës. (nnn) Phifrzdr d Shkhx y d JIH? JIH? Zh ah ldrä kdyfr an`hrtdl d jdld hkprhsd he sus lhjnsnfehs pdrd quh sh kflhrenjhe y lhe khofrhs rhsuatdlfs. Shkhx y JIH shgunräe snhelf hkprhsds 433% lh afs khxnjdefs y 433% pÿ`anjds. Hstdlf jfkf prfpnhtdrnf lha phtrúahf y gds, y jfkf rhguadlfr (nv) Phifrzdr ad rhjtfrëd lha Hstdlf jfkf lh ad nelustrnd phtrfahrd.
HYFAXJNÚE MNZ\ÚPNJD LH ADZ PHIFPKDZ SH\PFAHPDZ
HAHKHE\FZ IXELDKHE\DAHZ LH AD PHIFPKD LHA SPHZNLHE\H HEPNTXH SHÔD ENH\F
Nkpdjtf Zf`rh SHKH]
Nkpdjtf sf`rh SHKH] •Shkhx vuhavh käs nelhphelnheth lha gf`nhref y lh su snelnjdtf da jfevhrtnrsh he ued hkprhsd prflujtnvd lha Hstdlf (djtudakheth hs súaf ue frgdenskf lhsjhetrdanzdlf). •Jfe ad rhhstrujturdjnúe lh Shkhx sh gdrdetnzd ue kflhaf lh ghstnúe käs ägna, hinjnheth y trdespdrheth. •\ •\helrä helrä kdyfr dutfefkëd lh ghstnúe y prhsupuhstdrnd `dof afs käs hxngheths hstäeldrhs lh trdespdrhejnd. •Ha rîgnkhe insjda lh Shkhx khofrd y sh dldptd pdrd p drd quh shd djfrlh da rhelnknhetf lh jdld jdkpf phtrfahrf, jfetrdtf pfr jfetrdtf.
•Jfetdrä jfe kdyfrhs rhjursfs pdrd nevhrtnr he euhvfs prfyhjtfs, jdpdjntdr d su phrsfeda h nevhrtnr he thjefafgëd. •Kdetnheh su pdpha hstrdtîgnjf he ad nelustrnd phtrfahrd edjnfeda khlndeth ha khjdenskf lh ‑Pfeld Jhrf‛, hs lhjnr, Shkhx hsjfgh prnkhrf? ‚Zh prfthghe ads nevhrsnfehs nevhrsnfehs quh Shkhx yd md rhdanzdlf. ‚Zh ah dshgurhe afs lhrhjmfs lhrhjmfs lh hxtrdjjnúe quh tnhehe sf`rh tflfs afs jdkpfs phtrfahrfs he prflujjnúe. ‚Zh ah dsngede lh kdehrd kdehrd prhihrheth ads khofrhs khofrhs ärhds lh hxpafrdjnúe.
•Shkhx thelrä jdpdjnldlhs insjdahs y dutfefkëd prhsupuhstda pdrd kdethehr d afs trd`dodlfrhs. •Ef mdy quh favnldr quh afs snelnjdtfs yd sfe suohtfs f`angdlfs lh trdespdrhejnd. tr despdrhejnd. •Lhetrf lha Jfeshof lh Dlknenstrdjnúe lh Shkhx yd ef md`rä rhprhshetdjnúe snelnjda. •Ad edjnúe snguh snhelf ad prfpnhtdrnd lh afs mnlrfjdr`urfs, afs trd`dodlfrhs lha snelnjdtf phrkdehjhräe. \flfs \flfs sus lhrhjmfs lhrhj mfs ad`frdahs shgunräe snhelf rhsphtdlfs
¶He lúelh hstdkfs6 Afs pdëshs quh dpfstdrfe da iuturf hstäe mfy dvdezdelf Srflujjnúe lh Shtrúahf he Kîxnjf, @rdsna y Jfafk`nd (Knahs lh `drrnahs lndrnfs)
d ë l r f p s h a n r r d ` h l s h a n K
:,:=:
:,833 Kîxnjf
:,333 0,8>7 Phifrkd he Jfafk`nd lh 033:
= > 3
833
4 > > 4
4 > > 0
4 > > :
4 > > <
Dôf
4 > > 8
>>3 Jfafk`nd
8 > 7
4 > > =
4 > > >
Iuheth?
Hehrgy Neifrkdtnfe Dlknenstrdtnfe, Lhpdrtdkhetf lh Hehrgëd lh Hstdlfs Xenlfs, ouenf 034:. @dsh lh ldtfs nestntujnfeda lh Shtrúahfs
ZNE Phifrkd ; ; hkpahfs nesuinjnheths
JFE Phifrkd; JFE
‑Zn ad hjfefkëd jrhjh, ha hkpahf tdk`nîe‛
833 kna hkpahfs dlnjnfedahs pdrd 034=
0.8 knaafehs lh hkpahfs dlnjnfedahs pdrd 0308
Iuheth?
Hstnkdjnfehs lh ZJMS y ZHEHP.
¶Tuî fjurrh sn mdy rhifrkd6 Afs rhjursfs Afs
Käs nevhrsnúe shgunräe snhelf lh Käs prflujjnúe ad Edjnúe Kdyfr oustnjnd sfjnda Kflhrenzdrhkfs d Shkhx y d Zh jfk`dth ad jfrrupjnúe Jfkphthejnd y Jfkphthejnd y jfkphtntnvnldl
JIH
JFE Phifrkd
Sdgdr khefs pfr auz y gds
Kdyfr jrhjnknhetf hjfeúknjf Kdyfr jdanldl vnld Phjursfs dlnjnfedahs pdrdlhf`rds Käs Euhvd y Euhvd y lnvhrsd thjefafgëd pÿ`anjds Khofrhs negrhsfs pdrd ads Khofrhs Ihrtnanzdeths käs `drdtfs
hkpahf
Inedezds pÿ`anjds Khofr dprfvhjmdknhetf lh afs
Zhgurnldl hehrgîtnjd
rhjursfs
¶Tuî fjurrh sn ef mdy Phifrkd6 Ef md`rä rhjursfs pdrd ha pdës
Gdsfaneds, hahjtrnjnldl y gds käs
Jfelhedkfs ha iuturf jdrfs y jfetdknedeths lh Kîxnjf Ftrd ghehrdjnúe phrlnld
Zhgunrhkfs he su`lhsdrrfaaf
ZNE Phifrkd
Zhgunrhkfs dlknenstrdelf
kda ehgfjnf
ue
Envha lh jrhjnknhetf y hkpahf khlnfjrh
\hjefafgëd vnhod y f`sfahtd Dukhetdräe afs prhjnfs lh tflfs afs prflujtfs
Ad sf`hrdeëd hehrgîtnjd sh pfeh he rnhsgf
LNDGEÚZ\NJF DJ\XDA LH SHKH]
kdethenknhetf lh lh padetds y jrhjnknhetf lh neirdhstrujturd, prnkfrlndakheth pfrquh ha Hstdlf ah Shkhx sh md hstdejdlf he thjefafg thjefafgëd, ëd, befw-mfw befw-mfw,, kdethenknhetf d`sfr`h sus utnanldlhs dôf jfe dôf. Zn mdjhkfs ue lndgeústnjf lh lndgeústnjf lh ad phtrfahrd ad hejfetrdkfs jfe?
•
Phzdgf thjefaúgnjf he ghehrda
• • • •
Sadetds f`sfahtds
• • • •
Lujtfs he kda hstdlf (gdsflujtfs, fahflujtfs, pfanlujtfs)
•
Kdethenknhetf nesuinjnheth d rhinehrëds y phtrfquëknjfs Phinehrëds nesuinjnheths Phl lh lnstrn`ujnúe sdturdld
lh gdsfaned, gds y phtrfquëknjfs) Srflujjnúe nesuinjnheth (nkpfrtdjnúe (nkpfrtdjnúe lh Ef mdy prflujjnúe lh ihrtnanzdeths NKS nehinjnheth SN@ da da gf`nhref ihlhrda h nejausf sh helhuld pdrd ldrah käs rhjursfs inedejnhrfs da Zdegrëd lh rhjursfs inedejnhrf. Shkhx trdesinhrh ha 9% lha SN@ gf`nhref ihlhrda
•
Srf`ahkd lh ads phesnfehs.
SHKH] JFKF HKSPHZD ^ AD PHIFPKD HEHPGÎ\NJD SHKH] hs ad hkprhsd khxnjded lh phtrúahf y gds. Jrhdld he 4>:=, hs ha prflujtfr hxjausnvf lh afs rhjursfs phtrfahrfs y lh gds he Kîxnjf. Zus frgdenskfs su`snlndrnfs sfe Shkhx-Hxpafrdjnúe y Srflujjnúe, ShkhxPhinedjnúe, Shkhx-Gds y Shtrfquëknjd @äsnjd y Shkhx- Shtrfquëknjd. Ad prnejnpda jfkpdôëd su`snlndrnd hs SKN. Ad Nenjndtnvd dpuetd quh ad thelhejnd lh Shtrúahfs Khxnjdefs (SHKH]) he afs ÿatnkfs 43 dôfs kuhstrd ued jdëld he ad prflujjnúe lh präjtnjdkheth tflds ads djtnvnldlhs fphrdtnvds lh ad pdrdhstdtda. Af dethrnfr puhlh thehr lnvhrsds oustninjdjnfehs, hetrh haads, ha dgftdknhetf lh afs rhjursfs edturdahs jfe afs quh sh juhetd, ad idatd lh nevhrsnúe he lnvhrsds ärhds lh prflujjnúe lh SHKH], ad idatd lh thjefafgëd y ad idatd lh hxpafrdjnúe y hxpaftdjnúe he augdrhs he afs quh ha Hstdlf khxnjdef ef juhetd jfe ads pfsn`nanldlhs thjefaúgnjds y lh nevhrsnúe rhquhrnlds.
¶HZ EHJHZDPND AD NEYHPZNÚE SPNYDLD HE SHKH]6 He judaqunhr jdsf, af quh hs jadrf pdrd ad Nenjndtnvd hs ad urgheth ehjhsnldl lh kdyfr nevhrsnúe he ha shjtfr hehrgîtnjf lha pdës, pdrtnjuadrkheth he kdthrnd lh phtrúahf y lh mnlrfjdr`urfs puhs, lh jfetneudr jfe hstd thelhejnd pdrd ha dôf 0303, ads rhshrvds lh mnlrfjdr`urfs lnspfen`ahs sh hejfetrdräe he ued sntudjnúe jrëtnjd.
Ha kdeldtdrnf dshgurú quh lhspuîs lh ad Phifrkd Hehrgîtnjd, ha Hstdlf khxnjdef snguh snhelf ha luhôf lh ads rhshrvds phtrfahrds y lh Shkhx, hkprhsd he ad quh he 034< sh nevhrtnräe :87 kna 833 knaafehs lh phsfs, hs lhjnr, :4 kna 033 knaafehs käs quh he 034: y 89 kna 033 knaafehs käs quh da nenjnf lh ad dlknenstrdjnúe. ad rhifrkd phrkntnrä quh Kîxnjf jrhzjd käs räpnlf, ghehrdelf käs hkpahfs pdrd jnhetfs lh knahs lh khxnjdefs. Ads hkprhsds, hsphjndakheth ads phquhôds y khlndeds, quh sfe ads quh ghehrde ha kdyfr hkpahf he euhstrf pdës, thelräe käs hehrgëd y d khefr prhjnf, af quh ads mdrä käs prflujtnvds y ahs phrkntnrä jfetrdtdr d käs phrsfeds. Jfe hstd Phifrkd, ads idknands khxnjdeds shetnräe he sus `fasnaafs afs `hehinjnfs lh ued hjfefkëd edjnfeda he jrhjnknhetf‛. sn sh phrknth ad pdrtnjnpdjnúe lh jdpntda prnvdlf he ads fphrdjnfehs lh Shkhx, sh nkpuasdrä d afs lhkäs shjtfrhs lh ad hjfefkëd y md`rä ue rntkf käs djhahrdlf he ha jrhjnknhetf.
He ha kdrjf lh ad rhifrkd jfestntujnfeda pdrd ldr hetrdld da jdpntda prnvdlf edjnfeda y hxtrdeohrf he ad nelustrnd hehrgîtnjd lh Kîxnjf, sh utnanzd ue tîrknef quh hs jadvh pdrd lhinenr júkf sh aahvdräe d jd`f afs euhvfs prfyhjtfs lh hxpafrdjnúe y hxtrdjjnúe lh mnlrfjdr`urfs? ad ‑rfeld jhrf‛. Ad ‑Pfeld Jhrf‛ sh rhinhrh d ad pdrth quh d`rnrä Shkhx quh hrd lh su hxjausnvnldl, pdrd quh pdrtnjnph ad nenjndtnvd prnvdld, y lh djuhrlf jfe ad rhifrkd hehrgîtnjd
Pfeld jhrf pdrd quh Shkhx thegd ad idjuatdl lh hsjfghr afs jdkpfs quh puhlh trd`dodr y ad iahxn`nanldl pdrd quh afs yd dsngedlfs jdk`nhe su rîgnkhe jfetrdjtuda.
Shkhx dpfstdrä pfr pfzfs jfevhejnfedahs .
Deth ad nejdpdjnldl lh Shtrúahfs Khxnjdefs pdrd lhsdrrfaadr prfyhjtfs lh grde hevhrgdlurd he dguds prfiuelds lha Gfaif lh Kîxnjf y gds smdah, ad hkprhsd sh d`sthelrä lh pdrtnjnpdr he haafs, lhodelf ha jdknef an`rh y sne jfkphthejnd d ads jfkpdôëds prnvdlds quh aahguhe da pdës deth ad dphrturd quh md phrkntnlf ad rhifrkd hehrgîtnjd. Deth ad euhvd efrkdtnvnldl quh sh jfethkpad he kdthrnd lh rhifrkd, Shkhx lh`hrä jfkprf`dr jfkp rf`dr deth ad Jfknsnúe Edjnfeda lh Mnlrfjdr`urfs y ad Zhjrhtdrëd lh Hehrgëd quh juhetd jfe ad jdpdjnldl pdrd lhsdrrfaadr lnvhrsfs prfyhjtfs lh hxpafrdjnúe.‑dphadräe‛ deth lnjmfs rhguadlfrhs d ine lh pflhr jfeshrvdr afs jdkpfs jdkp fs lh dguds prfiuelds y gds lh autntds, he afs quh md vhenlf trd`dodlf mdstd ha kfkhetf d ine lh dajdezdr ue rhtfref lh nevhrsnfehs. ued lh ads vhetdods lh ad rhifrkd, tnhehe quh vhr jfe ad lnskneujnúe lh rnhsgf d pdrtnr lh dsfjndrsh jfe hkprhsds quh trdhe ued khzjad lh trhs hahkhetfs? jdpntda mukdef käs dlhjudlf, thjefafgëds y inedejndknhetf.
prhihrhejnd, lfelh Shkhx hs `uhef, Shkhx prhinhrh nevhrtnr, y lfelh Shkhx ef tnheh ad jdpdjnldl en ‑Shkhx vd d thehr ad prhihrhejnd, lfelh afs jfefjnknhetfs tîjenjfs hetrde afs prnvdlfs‛,
Shkhx hs ad thrjhrd käs rhetd`ah hetrh ads 433 kdyfrhs phtrfahrds lha kuelf, lh djuhrlf jfe ha ëelnjh lh Ads lh Ads Hkprhsds Shtrfahrds käs Phetd`ahs. Zu rhtfref sf`rh ha jdpntda nevhrtnlf (PfNJ, pfr sus sngads he negaîs) hs edld khefs quh lh 9% y :>9, ha Z\SPK tdk`nîe dlknenstrd juhetds knaafedrnds quh Shkhx pfeh d su lnspfsnjnúe. \da hs ha jdsf lh afs käs lh :< knaafehs 437 kna 049 lh phsfs deudahs pdrd gdstfs lh vndohs, hxtrdëlfs lha prhsupuhstf lh Shkhx, lh phsfs quh quhlde he kdefs lha Jfkntî Hohjutnvf Ghehrda, jfeifrkdlf pfr Pfkhrf Lhsjmdkps y 97 lnrngheths käs. ^ hs quh ha Jfetrdtf nelnjd quh? ‑ha pdtrúe RShkhx[ ju`rnrä da Jfkntî Hohjutnvf Ghehrda ad jdetnldl lh 0 knaafehs => nelnjd quh îstd hs ued lh ads hsphjndanldl jfe ad quh sh `hehinjndräe afs trd`dodlfrhs y dgrhgd? ‑jfkprhelh jnrugëd rhjfestrujtnvd d ounjnf lh afs shrvnjnfs kîlnjfs lha pdtrúe‛. Ftrds prhstdjnfehs d ads quh tnhehe djjhsf afs trd`dodlfrhs phtrfahrfs jfethkpade prúthsns lhetdahs mdstd pfr 4 kna 8
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