Pembahasan Soal Ukmppd Kardiologi

 

^BLHDJD[DO [MDC REL^^@ EDX@IMCMFI ‛ LB[JVMXE 

[mdc Edr`imcmfi ydof sbriof ebcudr `i uelpp` 7     

[yme edr`imfboie  Dkutb kmrmodry sio`rmlb (DK[) Kjrmoik jbdrt adicurb (KJA) Dritlid Ebcdiodo edtup

4. ^A 7 P@ jipbrtbosi, jipbrtbosi, od`i od`i sb`ieit sb`ieit tdeiedr`i, tdeiedr`i, rbspirdsi rbspirdsi sb`ieit sb`ieit tdeipobu. tdeipobu. [uju [uju suh abhris. abhris. Edcm Edc m smdc smdc KHP cbhij hdie hdkd hdkd `idfom `idfomsis sis oyd tbrcbhij tbrcbhij `djucu `djucu.. Hidsdo Hidsdoyd yd kcub smdc  hbrd`d `i 8 edtd dtdu 8 edcildt tbrdejir . ^d`d smdc ioi 7 px BEF [P `bprbsi `i I,II, dQA `do px trmpmoio I omrldc   lded gdwdhdooyd lbofdrdj eb dofiod pbktmris ti`de stdhic. Ebodpd= Hdjds 7 edtd euoki [P `bprbsi `i I,II,dQA `do trmpmoio omrldc. ^blhdjdsdo ttf DK[ 7

@icudr ioi d`d gufd ecdsiaiedsi DK[ lbourut wdetuoyd, `ihdfi 8 7  Oybri edr`ide ? 8> lboit    pd`d sebld `idtds tbrcijdt ecdsiaiedsi oybri edr`id edr `ide e ioi ydof ydof hisd `ihb`dedo hbr`dsdredo fdlhdrdo [P sbflbooyd (pd`d BEFoyd) cdcu pd`d bozil gdotuofoyd. Edcdu [P sbflbo bcbvdsi   [PBLI. [P sbflbo `bprbsi    Rostdhcb Dofiod ^bktmris `do [PBLI    ydof lblhb`dedo lbrbed d`dcdj bozil gdotuofoyd. Edcdu bozil gdotuof lboiofedt lboi ofedt O[PBLI O[PBLI. Bozil gdotuof gdotuof ti`de ti`de lboiofedt lboiofedt Rostdhbc Rostdhbc Dofiod ^bktmris (RD^)  Oybri edr`ide 3 8> lboit     yf sbriof luokuc pd`d smdc d`dcdj dofiod  pbetmris stdhic `do dofiod prizlbotdc   eb eb`u `udo doyd yd sdofd sdofdtt suci sucitt uo uotu tue  e  `ihb `ihb`d `ded edo o od odlu luo o yd ydof of pd pdci ciof of sb sbrio riof f luok luokuc uc pd pd`d `d smdc smdc d` d`dc dcdj dj dofiod pbetmris stdhic  

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Gdwdhdo 7 D. Dofiod ^bktmris ti`de stdhic 8. @itdoydedo @itdoydedo tbrdpi ydof tbpdt `ihbriedo `ihbriedo pd`d pdsibo. pdsibo. Edtd euoki 7 d`d kiri8 oybri edr`ide   oybri sbpbrti `itio`ij `do wdetuoyd ? 8> lbot. [u`dj lioul mhdt oitrmfcisbrio  tbrdpi `dri Dkutb Kmrmodry [yo`rmlb. ^blhdjdsdo 7

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Pdcde ulul DK[ LMOD Lmraio, Mesifbo, Oitrdt, `do Dspirio. Fui`ciob cdld  mesifbo `ihbriedo pd`d sblud pbo`britd DK[ Fui`bciob tbrhdru 7 mesifbo `ihbriedo pd`d mrdof `fo sdturdsi mesifbo 39>% dtdu tbedodo pdrsidc mesifbo (^dM8) 31> llJf Cdcu dcu pd`d d`d pdsi pdsibo bo su`dj su`dj `ihbriedo `ihbriedo oitrmfcis oitrmfcisbrio brio odluo odluo oybrioyd oybrioyd ti`de  ti`de  jicdof   lded lm`dcitds sbcdogutoyd gied oitrmfcisbrio ldesildc ti`de hisd lblpbrhdiei  Lmraio sucadt 4-2 lf IQ dtdu Dspirio.  Odj `dri ebblpdt tbrdpi tsh ydof `dpdt lbrb`dedo oybri edr`ide   d`dcdj Oitmfcisbrio `do Lmraio Oitrmfcis Oitr mfcisbrio brio doti oybri oybri yf hisd `ifuodedo `ifuodedo ebsbjdri ebsbjdrido do / ti`de ti`de `igudc `igudc sbkdrd ebtdt Lmraio jdoyd `ifuodedo `i adsicitds ebsbjdtdo, hidsdoyd `i RF@

Hidsdoyd pbrtdoyddooyd hisd gufd 7 dpdedj mhdt ydof hisd `ifuodedo pdsibo sbjdri-jdri  Oitrmfcisbrio

Gdwdhdo 7 K. Iogbesi lmraio (cdofedj dejir sbtbcdj Oitrdt)

;. @isioi `itdoydedo `itdoydedo `idfomsis `idfomsis `do `do pd`d pd`d smdc su`dj d`d hbhbrdp hbhbrdpdd eritbrid KJA 7 [bsde odads ydof lblhbrdt dpdhicd pdsibo hbrdetivitds    `yspobd `’baamrt  eritbrid liomr [briof [br iof tbrhdofuo ldcdl jdri    ebluofeiodo ebluofeiodo `iedrbodedo sbsdeoyd   pdrmxysldc omkturodc `yspobd (^O@) eritbrid ldymr  Pjmrdes `itbluedo rjmoei  eritbrid ldymr  [u`dj d`d 8 eritbrid ldymr + 4 eritbrid liomr KJA 

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Eritbrid Ldymr ydof sbriof ebcudr 7 ^O@   ^boiofedtdo GQ^     Xjmoei pdru Edr`imlbfdci Fdccmp [;   Eritbrid Liomr ydof sbriof ebcudr 7 B`bld   Hdtue ldcdl jdri   @yspobd `’baamrt Jbpdtmlbfdci   Bausi pcburd   Pdeiedr`i   KJA d`d hbhbrdpd gboisoyd 7 KJA eiri wdstiof dtdu eurus KJA edodo fblue tbrcdcu hdoyde deulucdsi kdirdo / d`doyd b`bld   

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`iedrbode `iedr bodedo do d`doyd d`doyd mrfdomlb mrfdomlbfdci fdci `isbrtdi `isbrtdi `bofdo `bofdo b`bld b`bld pbriabr pbriabr. [briof `isbrtdi `bofdo Kmr puclmodcb. Hdfdildod lblhb`dedo dotdrd KJA edodo `bofdo kmr puclmodcb = Kmr puclmodcb itu hbsbrtd ^^ME     hicd icd d`d d`d smdc  ydo ydof lbofdrdj eb ^^ME   sbpbrti sbpbrti pdsibo lbrmeme sbgde usid 42 tdjuo, hdtue ermois , pd`d px aisie  tbr` tbr`dp dpdt dt hdrr hdrrbc bc kjbst kjbst, `isbrtdi   `bof `bofdo do d`do d`doyd yd fdf fdfdc dc gd gdotu otuof of edodo edodo    Kmr ^uclmodcb. Hicd fbgdcdoyd ti`de `isbrtdi `bofdo fdfdc gdotuof edodo ^^ME 

Gdwdhdo 7 B. KJA 0. @itdoy @itdoyded dedo o dpdedj dpdedj tdcde tdcde ydof ydof `ihbrie `ihbriedo= do= @dri smdc lbofdrdj eb `idfomsis tdeidritlid. Pdeidritlid  `bofdo `bofdo fdlhdrdo fdlhdrdo dtri dtridc dc aihr aihricdsi icdsi + pbouruod pbouruodo o ebsd`dr ebsd`drdo do  / pdsibo fbcisdj  picij tdcde Edr`imvbrsi

 

^blhdjdsdo 7

 

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Edcdu M[KB jdrus hdjds `dri omlmr 4 `do 8 KHP  kueup hdjds `dri omlbr ;  Omlmr ; jdrus `ipdjdli `do iofbt edrbod 2 pbrtdoyddo ioi pbotiof uotue  lbobotuedo tbrdpioyd 7 Gi Gied ed pdsi pdsibo bo tdeidritlid  `bofd m `bofdo o d`d sdcdj sdcdj sd sdtu tu emo`is emo`isii tsh tsh   ydof lboybrtdioyd  tbrdpi eb edodo    Edr`imvbrsi . Gied ti`de d`d   eb hdwdj  m 2 pbrtdoyddo tbrsbhut d`dcdj 7  @isiofedt JI^BX[MOIK   Jipmtbosi ^bouruodo ebsd`drdo   [yme    Oybri ucujdti / oybri `d`d yf `idlhic jbdrt adicurb oyd   KJA m

m

m

m

Hicd Hic d d`d sd sdcdj cdj sdtu sdtu ^d`d ^d`d smdc smdc d`d pbour pbouruod uodo o ebsd` ebsd`dr drdo do [yokjrmoizb` Kdr`imvbrsimo [yokjrmoizb` Kdr`im Kdr `imvbr vbrsim simo o ydo ydof f hbrdpd hbrdpd= = edrbod edrbod DA ldsue ldsue eb Odrrmw Odrrmw Irrbfucdr 4>> ‛ 8>> Gmucb Hicd ti`de d`d 2 tdo`d tsh cijdt TX[ cbhdr dpd sblpit pdsibo dtridc aihricdsi TX[ sblpit eb hdwdj Hmcbjedj Hmcb jedj DA `i vdfdc vdfdc ldouvbr ldouvbr = fui`bciob fui`bciob OKHI DA ti`de  ti`de  pbrcu `icdeuedo vdfdc ldouvbr kueup `ihbriedo mhdt8do sdgd   hbtd hcmkebr hcmkebr dtdu KKH edrbod edrbod ti`de ti`de rbfucbr rbfucbr edcdu edcdu rbfucbr rbfucbr `iedsij d`bomsio

 

Gdwdhdo 7 B. Edr`imvbrsi 48> Gmucb

2. Cijdt tbrcbhij `djucu d`d edtd euoki hisiof pdosistmcie `i cdtbrdc li`kcdvikucdris 

sioistrd    li`kcdvikucdris sioistrd `itblpdti mcbj edtup litrdc  ( ed`dof pd`d smdc d`d yf lboybhuted lboybhutedo o edtup litrdc tbrcbtde `i dpbes)  litrdc iosuaisibosi `do dedo lbogd` lbo gd`ii litrdc litrdc stbomsi stbomsis, s, ebodpd ebodpd==   pd pd`d `d pboyd pboydei eitt io ioii hdetbri   dedo dedo lbobtdp  `i edtup  litrdc     dwdcoyd edtup ti`de hisd lboutup / rbfurfitdsi / iosuaisibosi    cdld ebcdlddo edtup dedo tbfdof / ebrds litrdc stbomsis Ebcdiodo edtup gdotuof 7 Kdrd lu`dj  jdrus tdu `ucu sydrdtoyd  tblpdt `dri edtup gdotuofoyd  Edtup gdotuof `ihdfi 8 `ucu 7  m [upbrimr 7 dmrtd `do puclmodc 7 IK[ 8 pdrdstbrodc pdrdstbrodc edodo dmrtd `do IK[ 8 pdrdstbrodc pdrdstbrodc eiri puclmodc `do litrdc (IK[ 2 m Ioabrimr   7 trie trieuspi` uspi` (IK[ 0 pdrdstbr pdrdstbrodc odc eiri)  `d li`kcdvikucd eiri  odld cdio 7 Dpbes) [u`dj tdu cbtde edtupoyd edtupoyd cdcu eitd hb`dedo  [@[X  sbhbculoy  sbhbculoydd pdjdli  `ucu LI[D[ `do L[DI@  Ebti Eb tied ed lurlu lbsj loblm loblmoi oikk oy oydd d`d LI[D[    Litrdc  lurlurr sistmcie  sistmcie     lbsj Iosuaisibosi, [tbomsis Dmrtd, [istmcie     edrbod edrbod td`i td`i sistmcie   `do tbrgd`i `i tblpdt edtup litrdc  litrdc iosuaisibosi L[DI@ Litrdc [tbomsis, Dmrtd Iosuaisbiosi, @idstmcie   [@[X ([d`dof [brdof) 7  m [@ (sd`dof)  [istmcie `do @idstmcie  m [X (sbrdof)  [tbomsis `do Xbfurfitdsi

 

 

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D`d gufd fdlhdrdo hbhbrdpd edtup 7 Dtridc [bptdc @babkt (D[@)  tbrgd`i lurlur li` sistmcie m m Qbotrikucdr [bptdc @babkt (Q[@)  lurlur pdosistmcie  m ^dtbot @uktus Drtbrimsus (^@D)  kmotiomus lurlur 

Gdwdhdo 7 B. Litrdc iosuaisibosi ‛ litrdc stbomsis 

1. @itdoydedo @itdoydedo 7 ebcdiodo ebcdiodo edtup dpd ydof `idcdli `idcdli pdsibo= pdsibo= Edtd Edt d euoki euoki 7 px aisie `itblued `itbluedo o d`doyd d`doyd lurlur sistmcie `i IK[ IQ pdrdstbrodc eiri  tblpdt `dri trieuspi`  ^deb rulus [@[X     ed edrbod trieuspi`  d` d`ddcdj edtup ioabrimr  lded lded tbrgd` tbrgd`ii rbfurfitdsi  Gdwdhdo 7 H. Prieuspi` rbfurfitdsi  6. ^brtdoyddo ^brtdoyddo 7 `isfom `isfomsisoyd sisoyd dpd ydof pdciof pdciof tbpdt= tbpdt= Edcdu Edc du `dri mpsioyd, `idfomsisoyd lbofdrdj eb KJA. Pdpi `itdoydedo dyof dpciof tbpdt  dpdedj ecdsiaiedsi KJA pd`d pdsibo ioi= Ecdsiaiedsi KJA `ihdfi lbogd`i 8 7 lbcijdt ebr OYJD  7   lb ebrusd usdedo edo gdotu gdotuof of `do  lblpbofdruji detivitdsoyd  4 m 8 m m ; m 0 

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DJD 7  ebrusdedo strueturdc `itdlhdj fbgdcdoyd m D H m m K m @

Edtd euoki 7  pdsibo sbsde  gied  gied hbrgdcdo ?4>> lbtbr  lbofdrdj eb OYJD ebcds II  d` d`do doyd yd fdccmp    lbodo` lbodo`dedo dedo ebcdiodo strueturdc  pd`d gdotuo gdotuof f   dotdrd DJD H, K, `do @   pbrhb`ddo 7 m H hbcul d`d fbgdcd m K su`dj d`d fbgdcd 

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  Ebcds I 7 edrod riofdo  ti`de d`d hdtdsdo detivitds aisie Ebcds IQ 7 hbrdt   istirdjdt puo su`dj d`d fbgdcd  Ebcds III ? ebcds II 7 Ebcds III 7 d`d hdtdsdo detivitds hbrldeod    sbpbrti lbldedi hdgu dtdu  hbrgdcdo eb tmicbt  Ebcds II  7 detivitds riofdo huedo detivitds hbrldeod     lisdc gdcdo 4>>  lbtbr / odie turuo tdoffd 8 cdotdi

D `do H 7 hbcul d`d sylptml D 7 pdsibo jdoyd lbliciei risiem tioffi  uotue tbrgd`i ebrusdedo gdotuof   kmotmj 7 lbliciei jipbrtbosi dtdu @L hisd sd `icij `icijdt dt `dri R[F, fdccmp, px H  7 su`dj d`d ebrusdedo gdotuof     hi  pbouogdof cdiooyd odluo hbcul d`d fbgdcd K `do @ 7 su`dj d`d sylptml ebrusdedo o `do su`dj tilhuc fbgdcd    oybri edr`ide, sbsde   K  7 u`dj d`d ebrusded (pdciof sbriof sbsde) @ 7 u`dj pdrdj hdofbt  hidsdoyd pdsibo u`dj fd sd`dr 

[mdc 7 pdsibo sbsd sbsde e ebti ebtied ed hbrg hbrgdc dcdo do ? 4> 4>> > lbtb lbtbrr (OYJ (OYJD D II), d` d`dd fd fdcc ccmp mp,, su`d su`dj j lboilhucedo fbgdcd (DJD K)

 

Gdwdhdo 7 K. OYJD II `do JA stdfb K  :. @i @idf dfom omsi siss ydo ydof f tbpd tbpdt= t= Oybri `d`d sbhbcdj eiri sbpbrti tbrtio`ij `do lbogdcdr sdlpdi eb cbofdo eiri tdo`d oybri edr`ide hisd gufd lbogdcdr `dfu, bpifdstrie, dtdu puo`de hisd `isbrtdi ludc, hbrebriofdt, dtdu luotdj (ejds oybri edr`ide) Edtd euoki utdld 7 [P bcbvdsi `i II,III,dQA `do P iovbrsi `i Q4-Q8 [P bcbvdsi `isbrtdi `isbrtdi P iovbrsi iovbrsi   cbhij lbcijdt eb [P bcbvdsioyd  huedo P iovbrsioyd, ebkudci hicd `ud8oyd [P bcbvdsi  pbrtilhdofedo cijdt Q4-Q8 Edrod `isioi [P bcbvdsioyd jdoyd `i II,III,dQA sdgd  lbofdrdj eb ioabrimr 

@dri pbldsdofdo BEF 7 Hi Hids dsdo doyd yd pd pdsd sdof of cbd` cbd` oy oydd `i K2 dt dtdu du IK[ IK[ 2 dt dtdu du sbtdr sbtdrdd `b `bof ofdo do pd pdpi picc ccdd ldlldb. D`d Q4 yf hbrd`d `i hdfido pdrdstbrodc edodo. Q8 `i pdrdstbrodc eiri. Edrod Q4 `do Q8 tbrpisdj mcbj hm`y ma stbroul (sbptdc)    gied d`d ebcdiodo `i Q4-Q8  lbofdrdj eb sbptdc  Q;-Q0   kbo`bruof hbrd`d `i `bpdo `ihdo`iof cbd` yf cdio  lbofdrdj eb 

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dotbrimr Q2-Q1  hbrd`d `i cdtbrdc   Hicd ebcdiodooyd 7 m Q;-Q1 dotbrimr cuds m Q4-Q0 dotbrmsbptdc Edcm d`d dQA ioabrimr m

Ebcdiodo pmstbrimr `do vbotriebc edodo sdofdt gdrdof ebcudr `i smdc Edrbod `i smdc d`d [P bcbvdsi `i II,II,dQA ioadre limedr` ioabrimr  Gdwdhdo 7 K. Ioadre Limedr` Ioabrimr 

9. @itdoy @itdoyded dedo o 7 tbrdpi tbrdpi ydof ydof pdciof pdciof tbpdt= tbpdt= [mdc [m dcoy oydd lbof sdcd cdj j sdtu sdtu tdo`doyd  7 pbouruod lbofdrdj drdj eb syme edr`imfb edr`imfboie  oie     sd pbouruodo o tbedodo `drdj `isbrtdi pbouruodo od`i   lbofdrdj eb syme 

 

Ebodpd edr`imfboie =   edrbod `isio  `isioii ejds `id lbliciei hbhbrdpd eritbrid `dri KJA ebliofeiodo syme edr`imfboieoyd edr`imfboieoyd `isbhdhedo mcbj KJA Pbrdpi  yf tbpdt=  edrbod :>/1> `do ti`de d`d tdo`d syme   tbrdpi `mhutdlio

[yme edr`imfboie  d`d  d`d 0 ldsdcdjoyd 7 B`bld B`b ld pdru deut   cijdt d`d tdo`d b`bld pdru deut dpd fd (sdofdt gdrdof  ebcudr `i smdc) Ldsdcdj vmculb   pdciof sbriof lboybhdhedo syme edr`imfboie  `ikmhd  kdirdo kdir do tbrcbh tbrcbhij ij `djucu `djucu (acui` kjdccbofb tbst ) u/ u/ lbldstiedo  hbobr hbobrdo do syme  edr`imfboie   dtdu dtdu sym syme e cdiooy cdiooydd   edsij edsij acui` acui` kjdccbofb kjdccbofb tbst ;-0 kk/efHH `dcd `d cdl l 42 lboi lboitt    hi hicd ti` ti`de de d`d pbrhdi pbrhdiedo edo    hbr hbrie iedo do mhdt8do  7 om omrbp rbpio iobar bario io,, `m `mpd pdli lio, o, `m `mhu hutd tdli lio, o, `d `do o oi oitr trmf mfci cisbr sbrio io   hb hbri ried edo o mh mhdt dt hbr`dsdredo tbedodo sistmcieoyd 7 m OmrBpiobario (Obobe)    d`d tdo`d syme    derdc `iofio / sidomsis (yf sbriof luokuc `i smdc) `do sistmc 36> llJf m `m^Dlio (^Dpd)   u`dj ebrgd ebrds   d`d tdo`d syme `do sistmc 6>-4>> llJf `mHR tdlio (iHR)   hicd tbosi sistmc 6>-4>> llJf `do ti`de d`d m tdo`d syme m oitrmfcisbrio  sistmc ?4>> llJf  

Ldscddj pmlpd  pdciof sbriof lboybhdhedo syme edr`imfboie  cijdt P@ Ldsd Ld sdcd cdj j ir irdl dldd   cij cijdt dt irdld irdld gdotuo gdotuof f rbfucb rbfucbr/i r/irbf rbfucb ucbr, r, hrd`ie hrd`iedr` dr`ii dtdu tdeiedr`i  mhdti irdld

^dsibo lbliciei sistmc :> llJf `do ti`de d`d tdo`d syme

@mhutdlio IQ `rip

Gdwdhdo 7 @. @mhutdlio IQ `rip

4>. @itdoydedo @itdoydedo 7 tdtdcdesdod tdtdcdesdod ydof tbpdt= BEF 7 vbotrieucdr aihricdsi  tdcde  yf  yf tbpdt 7 @bhaihricdsi 

 

Eritbrid ejusus pd`d smdc 7 od`i ti`de tbrdhd   ldsue eb`dcdl kdr`idk drrbst   tdcde dwdc 7 K^X (XG^)     pd`d smdc ti`de d`d picijdo picijdo XG^ `baihricd `baihricdsi si   ebkudci pd`d smdc su`dj `icdeuedo XG^ lded sbcdogutoyd `icdeuedo `baihricdsi  [briof [bri of gufd `itdoy `itdoyded dedo o 7 hbrdpd hbrdpd `msis `baihricdsioyd=   edcdu edcdu hiadsie 7 48>-8>> Gmucb, lmoadsie 7 ;1> Gmucb

Lucdi `bofdo XG^  cijdt `i lmoitmr ritlboyd sjmke-dhcb dtdu ti`de  7  7 Xitlb sjmkedhcb 7 QA `do prbldtur vbotrikucdr tdeiedr`i    [bcdio itu ldsue eb dsistmc dtdu ^BD  [jmkedhcb K^X cdfi cijdt dpdedj ldsij tbtdp QA dtdu ^QP dtdu ti`de edcdu ldsij 7 eitd sjmke sbtbcdj K^X5 edcdu ti`de 7 lded tbrus K^X

 

Gdwdhdo 7 @. @baihricdsi 44.

Ebluofeiodo edkdof fmrbofoyd tbrsb`de   lboutupi gdcdo odads `dri dode F edrbod dode ldsij 4: hucdo `do ldsij sd`dr  eitd cdeuedo Hdke Hcmw

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Cijdt hdtueoyd babetia dtdu ti`de babetia 7 Hdtue ti`de babetia  7  7  Edcd Ed cdu u ti`de sd`dr    cdofsuof cdofsuof XG^ tdopd kbe od`i     sbtbcdj  ;> m emlprbsi hued lucut Edcdu Edcd u sd`dr    Hdke Hcmw    tjrust tjrust (kjb kjbst st tjrust tjrust u/ hdyi hdyi `do dh`mliodc tjrust u/ dode ?4 tdjuo) Hdtue babetia   dode suruj hdtue rbgdo  m

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Edrbod  `isioi dode ldsij ulur 4: hucdo   ti`de lbofbrti iotruesi u/ hdtue rbgdo  Hdke Hcmws 

Gdwdhdo 7 D. Hdke Hcmw   48. @idfomsis @idfomsis dpdedj ydof ydof tbpdt pd`d pdsibo=

 

@idfomsis lbofdrdj eb Bo`medr`itis hdetbridc / bo`medr`itis ioabetia . Ebodpd=  edrbod `isioi d`d hbhbrdpd eritbrid ldymr  7 Lurlur gdotuof ebsdo rbfurfitdsi `isbrt brtdi d`d Qbfbtdsi     kueup  uo uotue lbob lbobfdee fdeedo do `idfomsis `idfomsis Bo`medr` Bo`medr`itis itis (lbliciei 8 eritbrid ldymr) Eritbrid liomr 7 pboffuod odremhd gdrul suotie

Edtd euoki u/ euctur `drdj 7 d) @icdeu @icdeuedo edo 8 edci edci,, his hisd d gb`d gb`d ?48 gdl gdl h) Hisd `icdeu `icdeuedo edo 4 edci edci uotue uotue Kmxibccd Kmxibccd Hurob Hurobtic tic

 

^d ^dsi sibo bo 7 u`dj u`dj d`d vbfb vbfbtdsi tdsi `do rbfurfut rbfurfutdsi dsi edtup edtup trieuspi trieuspi` `   (8 eritbrid ldymr) sbrtd pboffuoddo mhdt iogbesi `do d`doyd hueti liermhimcmfi ydof ti`de ldsue eb eritbrid ldymr (eritbrid liomr) Gdwdhdo 7 @. Bo`medr`itis Hdetbridc 

4;. @itdoydedo @itdoydedo 7 tdcde dwdc ydof `ihbriedo= `ihbriedo= edrbo rbodd d` d`dd hb hbhb hbrdp rdpdd erit @idfom @id fomsis sis lbfdr lbfdrdj dj eb KJA  ed eritbrid brid KJA, yditu pittiof edrbod d`d pittio pittiof f b`bld b`bld eb`ud eb`ud b`bld, GQ^ 2+8 (lboiofedt)     KJA edodo edodo  edrbod tuofedi  tdcde dwdc 7 Aurmsbli` `do DKB Iojihitmr

 

KJA  tbr`pdt pbobhdcdo `io`iof vbotriebc  edpdsitds vbotriebc vbotriebc 33 ebcudr `dri vbotriebc cbhij sb`ieit

 `drdj

ydof

Pdcde KJA 7 Emlhiodsi mhdt `iurbtie `do DKB iojihitmr dtdu DXH Ebodpd aurmsbli`=  lbourut pbobcitido OKHI  aurmsbli` cbhij hdfus ebrgdoyd uotue KJA `ihdo`iofedo `bofdo tjidzi` Gdwdhdo 7 K. Aurmsbli` + DKB Iojihitmr 

40. @idfom @idfomsis sis =  BEF 7 suprdvbotrieucdr tdeiedr`i ([QP)

 

Hbhbrdpd eritbrid sious rytjl 7 Eritbrid pdciof lu`dj `icijdt 7 rdsim dotdrd ^ `do TX[  sbtidp ^ dedo `iieuti `bofdo TX[ Emlpcbes TX[ sblpit Gdrde dotdrd ^ `do ^ dtdu X `do X emostdo `dri 4 emlpcbes fbcmlhdof eb fbcmlhodf cdiooyd 

 

 Hicd ^ ti`de `iieuti `bofdo TX[  huedo sious

 

[QP cbhij cdokip QP cbhij tulpuc

DA  Lblhbotue sbpbrti fifi fbrdgi Dtriul Dtri ul dedo lbofjd lbofjdsic sicedo edo fbcmlhdo fbcmlhdof f ^, sb`dofed sb`dofedo o vbotri vbotriebc ebc lbofjd lbofjdsic sicedo edo fbcmlh fbc mlhdof dof TX[   ebcdiodo `i dtriul 7 fbc ^ ydof gbcbe sb`dofedo ebcdiodo `i vbotriebc 7 fbc TX[ ydof gbcbe

 

[briof gufd `itdoy [briof `itdoyded dedo o 7 `drild `drildod od ilpucs ilpucs ydof luokuc luokuc pd`d irdld irdld [QP = suprdvbotriebc Gdwdhdo 7 H. [QP

  `dri

42. @itdoydedo 7 dpdedj `idfomsis `idfomsis yof pdciof lblufeioedo lblufeioedo =

Edrbod d`d ebcdiodo `i hdfido dmrtd dedo hbrhb`d

 `drdj

ydof lbofdcir eb supbrimr `do ioabrimr 

 

Dcirdo `drdj eb ioabrimr dedo 3 supbrimr  pbrhb`ddo od`i `do P@ dotdrd ioabrimr `do supbrimr

Gdwdhdo 7 H. Emdretdsim dmrtd  41. @itdoydedo @itdoydedo 7 `idfomsis= `idfomsis= BEF 7 lbofdrdj eb DQ hcme, ydof ldod=  `brdgdt II lmhitz 8

Gied Gied ^X iotb iotbrv rvdc dc dotd dotdrd rd emlp emlpcb cbes es ^X yf sd sdtu tu `d `do o cd cdio iooy oydd lbld lbldog ogdo dof f `d `do o  pbldogdofdooyd tbtdp  DQ hcme `brdgdt I

 

DQ hcme `brdgdt II lmhitz 4   sbpbrti p`et  ^X iotbrvdc yf td`ioyd omrldc hisd sbldeio sbldei o lbldogdof, lbldogdof, dotdrd fbcmlhdof fbcmlhdof ^ `bofdo fbcmlhdof fbcmlhdof TX[ dedo sbldeio sbldeio lbogduj  dwdcoyd p`et ‛ pdkdrdo ‛ lbogduj ‛ cdld8 lbofjicdof (TX[oyd) DQ hcme hcme II lmhi lmhitz tz II   `itdo`di d`doyd ^X iotbrvdc ydof hisd ti`de lbldogdof (omrldc), ydof pbotiof emostdo `do jicdofoyd emlpcbes TX[

DQ hcme `brdgdt III 7 ti`de d`d `i eritbrid I `do II. ti`de d`d irdld ydof tbtdp iotbrvdcoyd hisd lbldogde `do lblbo`be (ti`de emostdo) ^dsibo `i smdc 7 ^X iotbrvdc emostdo `do d`d ebjicdofdo TX[ typb 8 Gdwdhdo 7 D. DQ hcme `brdgdt II lmhitz 8

 8o`

  ^X 

`bfrbb DQ hcmke 

46. Dpdedj ebluofeiodo ebluofeiodo fdlhdrdo BEF BEF ydof pdciof rbcbvdo= [mdcc 7 tbr`dp [md tbr`dpdt dt tdo`d8 tdo`d8 ^^ME ^^ME   sbsde odpds lblhbrdt, adetmr risiem ^^ME yditu lbrmem lbr meme e sbgde sbgde usid usid lu`d, lu`d, px pdru pdru 7 rjmoei rjmoei edsdr, jipbrsmo jipbrsmomr. mr. D`d D`d fbgdcd fbgdcd fdfdc fdfdc  gdotuof 7 b`bld `do `istbosi vbod. B`bld eb`ud tuofedi tuofedi  fdfdc gdotuof edodo. Lded `idfomsisoyd 7 Kmr puclmodcb  fdlhdrdo BEF 7 rift vbotrikucdr jypbrtrmpjy  `icijdt `dri X/[ rdsim ?4 `i Q4 dtdu [/X rdsim ?4 `i Q1

Fdlhdrdo ejds cdiooyd 7 ^ puclmodcb `bofdo `bvidsi desis eb edodo

 

Gdwdhdo 7 K. Xifjt vbotrikucdr Jypbrtrmpjy 

Pdoyd Gdwdh 7 4) Dpd pbrhb pbrhb`dd `ddo o LMOD, LMOD, MODEML, MODEML, `do `do MOILD[ MOILD[ = ^brhb`ddo 7 LMOD  fd sbsudi stbpoyd MODK MO DKML ML   sb sbsu sudi di stbp stbp   pdsdof mesifbo mesifbo `ucu. Pdpi fui`bciob fui`bciob tbrhdru DK[ 7 ti`de sblud `iedsij mesifbo (Kuld yf sdturdsi mesifbo 39>% dtdu tbedodo M8 drtbri 30> llJf) Rotue uelpp` KHP yf pdciof lu`dj `iiofdt itu LMOD 8) Hbrt Hbrtdo doyd yd tbot tbotdo dof f syme syme ed edr` r`im imfb fboi oie. e. D` D`dd dt dtdu du ti`d ti`deo eoyd yd td tdo` o`dd syme syme yd ydof of `ildesu` itu fildod= [cdj sdtu eritbrid syme itu d`d pbouruodo P@ `isbrtdi pboiofedtdo od`i. [yme  edr`imfboie edo d`d 0 pboybhdh, yf pdciof sbriof ldsdcj vmculb `do ldsdcdj  



 pmpd. Ldsdcdj vmculb hisd `itdofdoi `bofdo acui` kjdccbofb tbst. [b`dofedo ldsdcj pmlpd hisd `itdofdoi `bofdo mhdt. Ejds smdc uelpp` edcm pdsibo d`d tdo`d syme `do ti`de d`d tdo`d syme itu lbofdrdj eb derdc `iofio dtdu tbr`dpdt derdc sidomsis  d`d syme. Edcm fd d`d tdo`d8 itu hbrdrti fd d`d syme. Edcm Edc m `i M[KB M[KB u/ lboyio lboyiofei feired redo o d`d syme syme dtdu ti`de lboffu lboffuode odedo do acui` acui` kjdccbofb tbst ;) Hdfd Hdfdil ildo dodd pb pbod odof ofdo dodo do dtrid dtridcc acutt acuttbr br `d `do o dt dtri ridc dc aihr aihric icdsi dsi dp dpde dedj dj sdld sdld dt dtdu du ti`de= ^brhb`ddo dtridc acuttbr `bofdo dtridc aihricdsi itu `icijdt `dri irdldoyd. Dtridc acuttbr  irdld rbfucbr  Dtridc aihricdsi  irdld irrbfucbr  Gdi` pbodofdodooyd hb`d 7 syokjrmoizb` kdr`imvbrsimo oyd hb`d 7 [blpit rbfucbr 7 `msisoyd 2>-4>> G 

 

[blpit irrbfucbr 7 `msisoyd 48>-8>> G ^b ^bof ofmh mhdt dtdo do   DA dtdu dtdu DQ pmio pmio ut utdl dldo doyd yd d` d`dc dcdj dj ji jipb pbrs rsmo moik ik   d`d jipbrsmoik fd eb edr`imvbrsi, tdpi cijdt TX[ oyd cbhdr dtdu sblpit  edrbod DQ `do DA sdl8 sblpit  d`bomsio (edcm rbfucbr) `do hbtd hcmebr dtdu KKH   