Pembahasan Soal TOEFL Bagian

PEMBAHASAN SOAL TOEFL BAGIAN “STRUCTUR AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION”

Kelompok soal Structure pada TOEFL biasa terdiri atas dua bentuk soal yaitu menyempurnakan kalimat dan menunjukan bagian kalimat yang salah. a. Bagian melengkapi kalimat : 

1. Peringkat Peringkat pertama per tama (paling tinggi t inggi frekuensinya) adalah penggunaan kata kerja (verb), contohnya : In 1776, when the Declaration of Independence …, the United States became a new country.

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(A) Singed

(C) Was signed

(B) That signed

(D) That it signed

 Jawaban  Jawaban : C

2. Peringkat berikut nya adalah urutan kata (word (word order). order). Contohnya : The union won benefits…. (A) The members member s (B) for its members (C) its members for (D) members for its 

 Jawaban  Jawaban : B

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3. Pokok kalimat dan predikat (subject+verb) misalnya : In 1970 B.C….the most collection col lection of early laws. laws. (A) then Hammurabi wrote (B) Hammurabi wrote (C) Hammurabi’s wrote (D) Hammurabi, who wrote  Jawaban  Jawaban : B 

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4. Kata yang mulai dengan “wh“wh -” dan “how”, “how”, tetapi tidak digunakan sebagai kata tanya. Contoh soal : ….he got home last night is still a mystery to me. (A) How (B) Although (C) While (D) Since  Jawaban  Jawaban : A

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5. Frasa preposisi (preposotional phrase). Misalnya : New York is a major center…. (A) at bank (B) of bank (C) of banking (D) to banking

 Jawaban : C

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6. Struktur parallel (parallel construction). Misalnya : Sleeping,resting,…. are the best ways to care for a cold. (A) and that drinking fluids (C) which drank fluids (B) and drinking fluids (D) and one drink fluids

 Jawaban : B

7. Bentuk

infinitive, grund, dan participle. Contoh

soal : Impressionist artists tended….imagination and light more important than faithful reproduction of objects. (A) considering (B) be consider (C) consider to (D) to consider  Jawaban : D

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8. Frasa adjektif dan adverb (adjective or adverb phrase). Misalnya : A ray swims rapidly … broad wing like appendages. (A) by flapping its (B) its flapping (C) of the flapping (D) the palp

 Jawawaban : A

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9. Perbandingan (comparison). Contoh soal : The greater…. increase in population, the harder it is for people to find adequate housing. (A) of  (B) is the (C) the (D) is of the

 Jawaban : C

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10. Kata penghubung (conjunction). Contoh : ….nor animals can survive without oxygen. (A) Plants can neither (B) Neither can plants (C) Plants, neither (D) Neither plants

 Jawaban : D

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11. Kata dengan (preposition). Misalnya : Excessive absenteeism result … problems for the schools. (A) in (B) with (C) for (D) to

 Jawaban : A

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12. Klausan adjektif atau klausa adverbia (adjective or adverb clause). Contoh : …. left Europe in 1492, he was unaware of the changes that would accur as a result of his voyage. (A) From Columbus (B) Because Columbus was (C) That Columbus was (D) When Columbus

 Jawaban : D

14. Frasa Subjek atau kata benda (subject/noun phrase). Misalnya : ….AIDS has engaged may researches in the last decade.

(A) By studying

(C) Important study

(B) The study of

(D) Now that the study

 Jawaban : B

15. Penggunaan kata “there”. Misalnya : … during past centuries when people have come to the west seeking gold (A) Times

(C) There have been times

(B) Throughout times

(D) Times have been

 Jawaban : C

16. Tingkat paling (superlative). Contohnya: Of all the national parks in the United States, Yellowstone is….visited. (A) one of the most (B) of the most  Jawaban : A

(C) one most (D) the most one

17. Sebab akibat (cause and result). Misalnya : Radio communication has changed…. the rapid development of other cmmunication media, such as television. (A) because its

(C) because of  

(B) is it because

(D) is because its

 Jawaban : C

18. Tujuan dan alasan (purpose and reason). Misalnya : The day was… that people went to the beach.

(A) such hot (B) so hot

 Jawaban : B

(C) very hot (D) hot

19. Kata sifat (adjective). Contoh soal : ….felt hat is one of the symbols of a cowboy.

(A) A broad-brimmed

(C) The brimm which is broad

(B) Broad

(D) Broad brim

 Jawaban : B

20. Kalimat pengandaian (condional and contrary to fact). Contoh : …. the ozone layer were destroyed, most living things would disappear from the Earth in a few years. (A) Besides

(C) So

(B) If

(D) For

 Jawaban : B

21. Kata “like” dan “unlike”. Contoh soal : …. publich schools, private schools charge tuition. (A) Do not like

(B) No likeness to  Jawaban : D

(C) Dislike

(D) Unlike

22. kata “no”,”not”, dan “none”. Misalnya : …two fingerprints are identical.

(A) Nor

(C) No

(B) none

(D) Not

 Jawaban : C

23. Kata ganti tak tentu (indefinite pronoun). Misalnya : Silver nitrate dyes…, it touches black.

(A) somehow (B) there

 Jawaban : D

(C) them (D) everything

24. Benda yang dapat di hitung dan tak dapat dihitung (countable and non-countable). Misalnya : ….of buying and selling occurs internationally. (A) A great deal

(C) Much greater

(B) A great many

(D) Many

 Jawaban : A

 b. Menunjukkan bagian yang salah dalam kalimat (error identification) : 

1. Peringkat tebanyak adalah tentang bentuk kata atau word form. Misalnya :

The season changes of weather cause color changes in the A

B

leaves of deciduous trees. C

D

 Jawaban (bagian yang salah): A, seharusnya adalah “seasonal”.

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2. Peringkat ke dua adalah struktur parallel (parallel construction). Misalnya :

Victims of migraines are often unable tolarate ordinary A

B

sights, sound, odors and press

D  Jawaban : D, seharusnya adalah “pressure”

C

3. Peringkat berikutnya adalah bentuk waktu kata kerja (verb tense). Misalnya :

No one was sure how many Americans suffer from chronic A

B

C

fague syndrome.  Jawaban : B, seharusnya adalah “is sure”

D

4. Bentuk tunggal dan jamak (singular an plurarnoun). Misalnya : Science and technology are part of the knowledges of A

B

C

D

educated people. Jawaban : D, mestinya “knowledge” tanpa “s”

5. Kata depan (preposition). Misalnya : Some people believe that humans will never use away all A the natural resource of earth D Jawaban : C, mestinya “use up”

B

C

6. Salah menggunakan kata (wrong word). Misalnya : some artists like their art to be shown in apart museum. A

B

C

Jawaban : D, mestinya “separate”

D

7. Penambahan kata yang tak perlu (additional word/rendundancy). Misalnya : The invention of Alexander Graham Bell extremely A

B

greatly extended the limits of comunication C

D

Jawaban : B, hilangkan kata “extremely”

8. Kurang kata (omission of word). Misalnya : A delicious mixture called a smoothie is a blend A

B

several different foods such as milk, C

D

 bananas and vanila Jawaban : B, mestinya “blend of several”

9. Susun kata terbalik (word reversal). Misalnya: The Medal of National Science is the highest award A scientific that can be given to any C individual in the United States. D Jawaban : B . mestinya ” scientific award”

B

10. Kata sandang (article). Misalnya : A milk can provide protein for a cheap, nutritionally A

B

C

 balanced diet D Jawaban : A, hilangkan kata sandang “a”

11. Kata ganti (pronoun). Misalnya : Scientists say that the color of the lake is a result of his A

B

unusual algae Jawaban : D, seharusnya “its”

C

D

12. Kata penghubung (conjunction). Misalnya : Three condition critical for growing plant are soil temperature, chemical balance or amount of moisture A

B C

D

Jawaban : C, seharus nya “and”.

13. Kesesuaian subjek-predikat (verb agreement). Misalnya : A technical view of a new invention sometimes differ  from an economic perspective. A B

C

Jawaban : B, seharusnya “differs”

D

14. Tingkat perbandingan (comparative). Misalnya : Engines used in space shuttles are much larger and more strong than the ones used injet planes A

B C

D

Jawaban : C, seharusnya “stronger”

15. Bentuk kata kerja infinitive dan gerund. Misalnya : when there are low sales, companies often decide developing new products. A

B C

D

Jawaban : C, seharusnya “to develop”

16. Penggunaan kata-kata “so”, “such” atau “so…that” Misalnya : Elephants have so long flexible trunks that they seem clumsy as they walk  A

B

Jawaban : A, seharus nya “such long”

C

D

17. Klausa adjektif dan klausa adverbia yang mulai dengan “wh-”(adjective and adverb clause  beginning with “wh-”). Misalnya : Many people which know the Missouri River well doubt that it can ever really be tamed. A

B D

Jawaban : A, seharusnya “who”

C

18. Penggunaan “other” dan “another”. Misalnya : Unlike another schools, fremont High School has a room and board program to provide A B assistance for out-of-town students D Jawaban : A, seharusnya “other”

C

19. Kata-kata “like”,”unlike” atau “alike”. Misalnya : Garlic smells somewhat alike onion and is a flavorful ingredient used in many dishes A

B

C D

Jawaban : B, seharusnya “like”

20. Bentuk paling (superlative). Misalnya : Many people believe that New York is the most great city in the united States A

B C

D

Jawaban : C, seharusnya “greatest”

21. Struktur pasif (passive voice). Misalnya :  New laws should be writing to accommodate changes in our society. A

B

Jawaban : A, seharusnya “be written”

C

D

22. Tentang kata-kata “no”,”not”, atau “none”. Misalnya : With reforestration now, there are young forests where no long ago the land was gullied A

B

C

and bare. Jawaban : C, seharusnya “not long”

D

23. Penggunaan kata “many” dan “much”. Misalnya : Of the billions of stars in the galaxy, how much are suitable for life? A

B C

D

Jawaban : D, seharus nya “many”

24. Kata depan “since” dan “for”. Misalnya : Victor served as president of the school club since fifteen years. A

B

C

Jawaban : D, seharusnya “for”

D

25. Penggunaan kata-kata “each”,”every”,atau “all”. Misalnya : The majestic Rocky Mountains stretch each the way from Mexico to the Arctic A

B D

Jawaban : C, seharusnya “all”

C