Pei

 

TJLXD][LC@CD HDCD]@B C@ Y@]@ÏM@ - THYM KDJS]N CD DCTK@ÇËN KT][N CD YDC@GNGL@ Y]NHD[[N]@1 BL[LD O@]BDJD C@ [LBXDL]@ ODBN O@]SLJ[ Clsklpblj`1 Clstñrmlns cd `prdjclz`gd `prdjclz`gdo o

Yb`jn Dcuk`klnj`b Ljclvlcu`blz`cn (YDL) (K`sns cd Djsljn) @buj`1 ]nsd`jd Olkedbbd C. cd Nblvdlr`

ANËN YD[[N@, YM =9=9

 

Yb`jn Dcuk`klnj`b Ljclvlcu`blz`cn (YDL) K`sn 0 ]dsuon cn k`sn 0 G. ì dstuc`jtd cn ;¹ `jn cn Djsljn Hujc`odjt`b 0, do uo` dsknb` pñmblk` c` klc`cd cd Anën Ydssn`.  @prdsdjt` j` àrd` cd cdsdjvnbvlodjtn qud jn tnk`jtd ` ontrlklc`cd `opb`, G. ì  m`st`jtd cdsdjvnbvlc cdsdjvnbvlcn, n, pnrìo `prdsdjt` slgjlhlk`tlv` clhlkubc`cd kno ` ontrlklc`cd hlj`, pnr dxdopbn, j` prddjsën cns bàpls, clhlkubc`cds p`r` knbnrlr jn dsp`çn cdblolt`cn, gr`hl` oultn gr`jcd. Dst`s clhlkubc`cds t`omìo sd `prdsdjt`o qu`jcn G. jdkdsslt` `o`rr`r ns s`p`tns nu jns angns cd `blje`vn. Cur`jtd n bdv`jt`odjtn cd ljhnro`çôds p`r` n cdsdjvnbvlodjtn cdstd rdb`tûrln hnr`o rd`blz`c`s trl`gdo pdc`gûglk`s prdblolj`rds c` `kulc`cd vlsu`b d `ucltlv` cd G.  Jdst` `v`bl`çën, jën hnr`o lcdjtlhlk`c`s clhlkubc`cds p`r` djxdrg`r cdsdjens nu tdxtns do clh clhdrd drdjtd jtdss hnj hnjtds tds,, t`o t`o`je `jens ns d tlpns tlpns cd p`pdb. p`pdb. @ss @sslo lo knon, knon, jën sd pdrkdm pdrkdmdu du clhlkubc`cds cd knoprddjsën `ucltlv` `n dstuc`jtd rdkdmdr kno`jcns nr`ls d snjnrns. G. ì uo` krl`j krl`jç` ç` m`s m`st`j t`jtd td ljt ljtdbl dblgd gdjtd jtd,, pnr pnrìo ìo pdr pdrcdcd-sd sd do su su`s `s `tl `tlvlc vlc`cd `cdss knjst`jt knjs t`jtdodj dodjtd td pnr `prd `prdsdjt sdjt`r `r slgjl slgjlhlk` hlk`tlv` tlv` cds`tdjç cds`tdjçën. ën. Ì sdoprd sdoprd jdkdssà jdkdssàrln rln e`vdr  e`vdr  ljtdrvdjçën p`r` qud dbd knjslg` pdrkdmdr ns drrns d `tì odson n qud ì snblklt`cn jns djuj djujkl kl`c `cns ns c`s c`G. s sd `tlv `tlvlc lc`c `cds ds d `v`b `v`bl` l`çô çôds ds.. J``tdjtn o` o`ln lnrl` rl` c`svdzds, s sl sltu tu`ç `çôd ôdss qu qudd dx dxlg do knjkdjtr`çën jën knjsdgud pdrsdvdr`r d pnrc` ljtdrrnopd ` lgdo `çën snblklt`c` p`r` h`zdr cdsdjens, p`r` ang`r nu p`r` ljtdr`glr kno ns knbdg`s. ]dss`bt`on ]dss`bt`onss qud qud cl`r cl`rl` l`od odjt jtdd G. `prd `prdsd sdjt jt`` knop knopnr nrt` t`od odjt jtnn lj ljqu quld ldtn tn d el elpd pdr` r`tl tlvn vn,, n qu qudd td tdo o `tr` `tr`p` p`be be`c `cnn ` dbd dbd d `ns `ns knbd knbdg` g`ss cur` cur`jt jtdd `s `u `ub` b`s. s. @pds @pds`r `r cd su su`s `s e` e`ml mlbl blc` c`cd cdss d ljtdblgájkl`, dst`s `çôds táo prdauclk`cn slgjlhlk`tlv`odjtd ` `prdjclz`gdo `prdjclz`gdo cd G.  Jn qud sd rdhdrd ` rdb`çën snkln`hdtlv`, G. sd rdb`klnj` mdo kno ns knbdg`s cd s`b` cd `ub` knouo, pnrìo `prdsdjt` clhlkubc`cds p`r` rdsnbvdr pdqudjns knjhbltns djtrd ns p`rds, sdoprd sdjcn jdkdssàrln rdbdomrà-bn snmrd ns knomlj`cns d rdgr`s cd knjvlvájkl`.. Do kdrt`s sltu`çôds hlknu m`st`jtd lrrlt`cn, kedg`jcn ` m`tdr jns knbdg`s d knjvlvájkl` qudmr`r nmadtns. ]dss`bt`ons qud tdons utlblz`cn dstr`tìgl`s cd odcl`çën cd knjhbltns, o`s G. `prdsdjt` knopnrt`odjtn lopubslvn, n qu`b sû bdomr` cns bloltds cdpnls cd tábns ubtr`p`ss`cn. ubtr`p`ss`cn. @s clhlkubc`cds klt`c`s, hnr`o nmsdrv`c`s t`omìo pnr nutrns prnhdssnrds qud `knop`je`o G. j`s `tlvlc`cds dsknb`rds, knon ns prnhdssnrds cd dcuk`çën hïslk`, `rtds d pdb` mlmblntdkàrl` c` dsknb`.  Jn `omldjtd h`olbl`r, ns rdspnjsàvd rdspnjsàvdls ls rdb`t`r`o clhlkubc`cd cd G. do sd rdb`klnj`r kno ns lroëns, sdjcn pnr `bguo`s vdzds `grdsslvn d cds`hl`cnr. @n `sslstlr  cdsdjens `jlo`cns, G. `prdsdjt` clhlkubc`cds p`r` sd knjkdjtr`r d ouc` ` `tr`çën vlsu`b n tdopn ljtdlrn. Nutrn cds`hln h`olbl`r ì n enràrln c` `blodjt`çën, do qud G. jujk` sd sdjt` ` ods` p`r` knodr, sdoprd knod sd onvlodjt`jcn, knrrdjcn nu do pì j` hrdjtd c` tdbdvlsën. @tì ` prd prdsdj sdjtd td c`t`, c`t`, jën nmtlv nmtlvdon donss rdt rdtnrj nrjnn c` `v`bl` `v`bl`çën çën ljtdrc ljtdrclsk lsklpb lpblj` lj`r  r  snbl snblkl klt` t`c` c`.. Yn Ynrr ds dstd td on ontl tlvn vn,, rdhn rdhnrç rç`o `ons ns ` sn snbl blkl klt` t`çë çënn cd dj djk` k`ol olje je`o `odj djtn tn `n jdur jdurnp npdc dcl` l`tr tr`` nu ps pslq lqul ul`t `tr` r` ljh` ljh`jt jtlb lb,, `s `ssl slo o kn knon on `v `v`b `bl` l`çë çënn jd jdur urnp npsl slkn knbû bûgl glk` k` d  pslknpdc`gûglk`.  pslknpdc` gûglk`.

 

@jtds cd ljlkl`r n YDL hnl hdlt` jn `bujn ` `v`bl`çën pslkndcuk`klnj`b . Hnr`o `v`bl`cns1 `) @kulc`cd vlsu`b6  m) Àrd`s cn Cdsdjvnbvlodjtn Cdsdjvnbvlodjtn (ps (pslknontnr, lknontnr, kngjltlvn kngjltlvn,, snkln`hdtlvn)6  k) Dstr`tìgl`s, rlton d dstlbn cd `prdjclz`g `prdjclz`gdo do utlblz`cns pdbn `bujn6 c) Knjtdxtn snklnkubtur`b do qud sd djknjtr` ljsdrlcn n `bujn d) Knjedklodjtns tàkltns qud n `bujn o`jlhdst` j` s`b` cd `ub`, `sslo knon `s clhl cl hlku kubc bc`c `cds ds/j /jdk dkds dssl slc` c`cd cdss ljcl ljclvl vlcu cu`l `ls, s, do rd rdb` b`çë çënn `n `nss jn jnvn vnss kn knjt jtdñ dñcn cnss cd `prdjclz`gdo6  h) Àrd` cn Knjedklodjtn (bdltur`, dskrlt`, prncuçën cd tdxtn, nr`blc`cd d knjkdltns d knjtdñcns o`tdoàtlkns)6  g) Odtncnbngl` utlblz`c` pdbn prnhdssnr j`s ljtdrvdjçôds pdc`gû pdc`gûglk`s glk`s do s`b` cd `ub`. Y`r` ` kn Y`r` knjst jstruç ruçën ën cn YDL hnr hnr`o `o rd`blz rd`blz`c` `c`ss rdujlë rdujlënn kno dq dqulp ulpdd clrdtl clrdtlv` v` d  prnhdssnrds (prddjkelodjtn (prddjkelodjtn c` hlke hlke`` cd rdhdrájkl` ppdc`gngl`)6 dc`gngl`)6 ]dujlën kno p`ls cn `bujn6 Djtrdvlst` kno n `bujn ljclvlcu`bodjtd6 Nmsdrv`çën cn o`tdrl`b dsknb`r j` s`b` d `knop`je`odjtn cns odsons cur`jtd n rdkrdln6 @v`bl`çën ontnr`6pslkndcuk`klnj`b cn `bujn6 ]d`blz`çënhïslkn cd `v`bl`çën Db`mnr`çën cn pb`jn dcuk`klnj`b ljclvlcu`b cn `bujn6 [nkl [n kl`b `blz lz`ç `çën ën cn pb`j pb`jnn kno kno pdc` pdc`gn gngn gnss d pr prnh nhds dssn snrd rdss c` s` s`b` b` cd rd rdku kurs rsns ns oubtlhujklnj`ls.

 

Yb`jn dcuk`klnj`b ljclvlcu`blz`cn (YDL)   JNOD CN @B @BTJN1 TJN1 G.   [Ì]LD1 ; ±   YD]ÏNCN C@ DUDK DUDKTÇËN TÇËN CN YDL1 Yrlodlrn sd sdodstrd odstrd cd =9=9   SLYN CD @DD @DD11 [`b` cd ]dkursns Ou Oubtlhujklnj`b btlhujklnj`b H]DPTÁJKL@ [DO@J@B1 Cu`s vdzds SDOYN CD @SDJCLODJSN1 To` enr` d qu`rdjt` oljutns KNOYN[LÇËN CN @SDJCLODJSN1 @tdjclodjtn do grupn kno qu`trn `bujns nu ljclvlcu`b.  [@B@ CD ]DKT][N[ OTBSLHTJKLNJ@B  À]D@[ S]@M@BE@C@[ J@ []O Àrd` Kngjltlv`1 - ]d`blz`çën ]d`blz`çën cd angns qud cdsdjvnbv`o n r`klnkïjln bûglkn p`r` odbe od benr nr knop knoprd rddj djcd cdrr ns knjt knjtdñ dñcn cnss o` o`td tdoà oàtl tlkn kns6 s6 - dx dxdk dkuç uçën ën cd `t `tlv lvlc lc`c `cds ds qu qudd dstlou dst loubdo bdo n cds cdsdjv djvnbv nbvlod lodjtn jtn cns prn prnkd kdssn ssnss odjt`l odjt`ls1 s1 `tdjçë `tdjçën, n, odoûrl odoûrl`` vlsu`b vlsu`b,, lo`glj`çën, krl`tlvlc`cd, knjkdjtr`ç knjkdjtr`çën. ën. @n `v`bl` `v`bl`rr n `bu `bujn jn hnl knj knjslc slcdr` dr`cn cn su su`s `s pnt pntdj djkl` kl`blc blc`cd `cdss d clhlku clhlkubc` bc`cd cdss do rdb`çën N `ns `spdktns1 pdrkdpçën vlsu`b, `ucltlv`, tàtlb, sljdstìslk`, dsp`kl`b d tdopnr`b. `bujn knjsdgud rdknjedkdr ` tncns ns dstïoubns nr`b d `ucltlvns.  Àrd` Ontnr`1 - Nrldjt`çën dsp`çn tdopnr`b. Àrd` [nkl`b1 - ]dspdltn `s rdgr`s d nrcdjs do angns d mrljk`cdlr`s6 rd`blz`çën cd eàmltns cd knoprlodjtns.  NMADSLXN[ Àrd` Kngjltlv`1 Cdsdjvnbvlodjtn Cdsdjvnbvlodjtn cd eàmltns cd bdltur`, lcdjtlhlk`jc lcdjtlhlk`jcnn n tdo`, ljhnro`çôds prljklp`ls d sdkujcàrl`s jn tdxtn6 bdltur` kno hbuájkl`, djtnj`çën d rlton, nmsdrv`jcn ns slj`ls cd pnjtu`çën6 prncuçën cd tdxtn d rddskrlt`6 nrg`jlz`çën cn tdxtn, knjslcdr`jcn `spdktns dstrutur`ls (`prdsdjt`çën cn tdxtn, p`r`gr`h`çën)6 p`rtlklp`çën cns cns angn angnss d `tlv `tlvlc lc`c `cds ds cdsd cdsdjv jvnb nbvl vlc` c`ss do s` s`b` b`,, `p `prn rnpr prl` l`jc jcnn-sd sd cn cnss kn knjk jkdl dltn tnss o`tdoàtlkns. Àrd` Àr d` On Ontn tnr` r`11 Cd Cdsd sdjv jvnb nbvl vlod odjt jtnn cd e` e`ml mlbl blc` c`cd cdss ontn ontnr` r` d ds dsp` p`kl kl`b `b66 cdsdjvnbvlodjtn c` knnrcdj`çën ontnr` hlj` djvnbvdjcn n usn cd rdkursns `c`pt`cns  p`r` utlblz`çën cn tdkb`cn cn knoput`cnr d rd`blz`çën c`s `tlvlc`cds dsknb`rds do s`b` cd `ub`.   Àr Àrd` d` sn snkl kl`b `b - an angn gnss gru grup` p`ls ls qu qudd odb odben enrd rdo o ` lj ljtd tdr` r`çë çënn kno ` kb kb`s `ssd sd d dstloubdo n cdsdjvnbvlodjtn c` `utndstlo` cn `bujn6 rdspdltn `s rdgr`s d nrcdjs6 cdsdjvnbvlodjtn cdsdjvnbvlod jtn c` k`p`klc`cd cd tno`r cdklsën (ljlkl`tlv`). ODSNCNBNGL@ N knjt knjtdñ dñcn cn cd cdsd sdjv jvnb nbvl vlcn cn j` [] []O O td tdo o kn knon on hu hujç jçën ën pr prnp nplk lkl` l`rr `n G.  pntdjkl`blc`cd d k`p`klc`cd k`p`klc`cd ljtdbdktu`b p`r` supdr`r clhlkubc`cds cd `prdjclz`gdo `prdjclz`gdo `prdsdjt`c`ss j` `v`bl`çën pslkndcuk`k `prdsdjt`c` pslkndcuk`klnj`b. lnj`b. Knjslcdr`jcn `s jdkdsslc`cds dcuk`klnj`ls dspdkl`ls cn `bujn, ` prnpnst` cd `çôds pdc`gûglk`s pdc`gûglk`s djvnbvdrà n bñclkn dhdtlv`jcn sltu`çôds j`s qu`ls n `bujn sd pdrkdm` knon p`rtd cn prnkdssn cd djsljn `prdjclz`gdo.

 

]DKT][N[   Y` Y`r` r` n tr`m tr`m`b `ben en pdc` pdc`gû gûgl glkn kn sd sdrë rënn ut utlb lblz lz`c `cns ns ns sd sdgu gulj ljtd tdss o`td o`tdrl rl`l `lss d dqulp`odjtns1 angns1 - angn cn =0, angn knopbdtd ` t`mdb` kno ` t`mu`c`, jujk` kljkn,  angn tïtubns, k`ç` p`b`vr`s, qudmr`-k`md qudmr`-k`mdç` ç` kno t`jgr`o, blvrn cd bltdr`tur`, anrj`ls, rdvlst`s, glml, knjt` cd àgu`6 - rìgu` d knop`ssn6 - qu`crn mr`jkn6 - knoput`cnr d loprdssnr`. KNB@MN]@CN]D[   N pdc`gngn (prnhlsslnj`b rdspnjsàvdb rdspnjsàvdb pdbn knj knjt`tn t`tn clrdtn kno n `bujn `bujn do s`b` cd `ub`) prnhdssnr` cd dsp`jenb d ` mlmblntdkàrl` c` dsknb`. DUYDKS@SLX@[ CD @Y]DJCLQ@GDO D CD[DJXNBXLODJS CD[DJXNBXLODJSN N   @s dxpdkt`tlv`s sën do rdb`çën ` ontrlklc`cd hlj` (p`r` qud n `bujn tdje`  prngrdssns) d j` ljtdr`çën snkl`b p`r` qud e`a` uo odbenr rdb`klnj`odjtn kno ns knbdg`s cd s`b` d qud tdje` odjns onodjtns cd `grdsslvlc`cd `grdsslvlc`cd.. K]LSÌ]LN[ CD @X@BL@ÇËN   @ `v`bl` `v`bl`çën çën cn `buj `bujnn G. hnl db`mnr` db`mnr`c` c` pnr odln cd p`rdkdr p`rdkdr cdskrltlv cdskrltlvnn pdb`  prnhdssnr` cn @DD, bdv`jcn do knjt` `spdktns cd su` `prdjclz`gd `prdjclz`gdo o d cdsdjvnbvlodjtn.   N `bujn `prdsd `prdsdjtnu jtnu odbenr` slgjlhlk slgjlhlk`tlv` `tlv` qu`jtn és clhlkubc` clhlkubc`cds cds cd `tdjçën `tdjçën d knjkdjtr`çën, rdpdrkutljcn jn cdsdjvnbvlodjtn c` odoûrl` `ucltlv`cdd vlsu`b6 knjsdgulu odbenr`r nclrdt`odjtd cdsdjvnbvlodjtn c` nrg`jlz`çën tdopnr`b d ` j`rr`çën h`tns vlvlcns d cd elstûrl`s knjt`c`s. @prdsdjtnu odbenr` slgjlhlk`tlv` j` ljtdr`çën kno ns knbdg`s, p`rtlklp`jcn `tlv`odjtd c`s `tlvlc`cds do grupn, o`jlhdst`jcn-sd kno hrdquájkl` j`s rnc`s cd knjvdrs`, domnr` `ljc` kno trdkens ljljtdblgïvdls cd h`b`. @ljc` `prdsdjt` dplsûclns cd `grdsslvlc`cd rdb`klnj`cns é hrustr`çën do sltu`çôds cd knopdtlçën kno ns knbdg`s.  J`s cdo`ls sltu`çôds dsknb`rds, `prdsdjt`-sd `oàvdb kno ` turo` d tnc` ` dqulpd dsknb`r.

 

]dhdrájkl`s Yb`jn dc Yb`jn dcuk` uk`kln klnj`b j`b ljc ljclvl lvlcu` cu`blz blz`c `cnn ‛ uo cds cds`hl `hlnn j` `çë `çënn pdc`gû pdc`gûglk glk`` cn cnss `bujns `bujns o`trlkub`cns jn prngr`o` c` s`b` cd rdkursns oubtlhujklnj`b. @rtlgns. Y`r`jà, =908. [b [blc lcds ds `prd `prdsd sdjt jt`c `cns ns do s` s`b` b` cd `ub` `ub`,, Yb`j Yb`jnn Dc Dcuk uk`k `kln lnj` j`bb Lj Ljcl clvl vlcu cu`b `blz lz`c `cnn d su su`` lopnrtíjkl` j` ljtdrvdjçën pdc`gûglk`. Blslá O`rtljs, =9=9.