Pediatrics CLIPP From Quizlet

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#1 cause of gastroenteritis in the US is:

rotavirus

Acrocyanosis usually resolves in hands or feet first?

hands

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Age group for croup:

2-5yo

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Air bronchograms suggest:

pneumonia

Albumin level in Kawasaki disease is:

low

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Apgar, how many points: blue or pale all over

0

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Apgar, how many points: body pink, extremities blue

1

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Apgar, how many points: good cry, active withdrawal

2

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Apgar, how many points: grimace, weak cry

1

Apgar, how many points: Heart rate 100

2

Apgar, how many points: Heart rate absent

0

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Apgar, how many points: Muscle tone flaccid

0

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Apgar, how many points: no irritable response to stimulation

0

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Apgar, how many points: pink all over

2

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Apgar, how many points: Respiratory effort absent

0

Apgar, how many points: Respiratory effort good, crying

2

Apgar, how many points: Respiratory effort weak, irregular, gasping

1

Apgar, how many points: Some flexion of extremities

1

Apgar, how many points: Well flexed, active movements of extremities

2

Aspirin is given for how long in Kawasaki disease?

6 weeks

At what RR will most infants have difficulty with both oral and nasogastric feedings?

>80

Audiology test appropriate for ages 630 months:

visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA)

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Ballard assessment should be performed when?

12-24 hours of life

Ballard score describes:

gestational age of infant

Barking cough suggests (3):

croup, subglottic disease, foreign body

Barky cough suggests:

croup

Brassy, honking cough suggests:

habitual cough, tracheitis

Breast-feeding jaundice begins when?

early in first week of life

Breast-feeding reduces the following risk for mothers:

hip fractures in postmenopausal period

Breast-feeding reduces the following risks for infants (5)

otitis media, respiratory infections, diarrhea, SIDS, allergies

Breast-milk jaundice begins and peaks at what ages?

4-7 days, 10-14 days

CAH lab results should show:

low serum sodium, high serum potassium

Catarrhal stage of whooping cough lasts:

1-2 weeks

Cat-scratche disease: pathogen

bartonella henselae

A certain diagnosis of AOM is treated with antibiotics if:

patient is 2 years and severe illness (fever>39 C or moderate-severe ear pain)

Children on long-term inhaled corticosteroids should be monitored for (4):

cataracts, growth delay, elevated blood pressure, elevated blood sugar

Child with stridor, severe respiratory distress, drooling, dysphonia, dysphagia: consider

epiglottitis

Classic presentation of erythema infectiosum:

low-grade fever 7-10 days then slapped cheek rash spreading to trunk and extremities, lacy reticular appearance

CNS causes of neonatal cyanosis (3):

HIE, IVH, sepsis/meningitis

Cobble-stoning of posterior pharynx suggests:

allergic rhinitis with postnasal drip

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Cold skin, slowness, fatigue, cold intolerance, poor school performance:

hypothyroidism

Colostrum is produced for how many days postpartum?

5

Complications of AOM (3):

mastoiditis, meningitis, intracranial spread

Components of the Apgar score:

heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, reflex irritability, color

COMPT for ear exam findings:

Color, Other (bubbles, scarring, perforation), Motion, Position, Translucency

Conventional audiometry is used in what age group?

4yo and up

Cough precipitated by cold or activity suggests:

asthma

Cough that disappears at night suggests:

habitual cough

Cough with dysphonia or hoarseness:

chronic rhinitis, GER

Cough with gagging/choking suggests:

GER

Cough worse at night suggests:

asthma, allergies, sinusitis

Creases under lower eyelids typical in atopic children:

Dennie-Morgan lines

Crigler-Najjar syndrome is a deficiency of which enzyme?

UDPGT

Cyanotic congenital cardiac defects (6):

Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of the great arteries, truncus arteriosus, tricuspid atresia, total anomalous pulmonary venous return, pulmonary atresia

Denver development assessment is for what age group:

birth to 6yo

DiffDx of respiratory distress in the newborn (6)

RDS, TTN, sepsis/pneumonia, pneumothorax, CHF, hypothermia

Differential diagnosis for chest pain in adolescent (5)

precordial catch syndrome, costochondritis, GERD, asthma, cardiac pain

Diphtheria: physical exam classic finding

gray pharyngeal pseudomembrane

Dizziness, visual disturbance, syncope:

hypotensive syncope

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Dry cough suggests (3):

environmental irritant, asthma, fungal infection

62.

DTaP: adult or pediatric?

pediatric

Early feeding problems, hypotonia, hypothermia, decreased activity, large fontanels, jaundice, constipation, skin mottling, umbilical hernia in a newborn:

hypothyroidism

Ecchymoses, epistaxis, menorrhagia, bleeding posttonsillectomy or post-dental extraction, gingival bleeds, abnormal bruising in nonexposed areas (buttocks, back, trunk):

vWD

ECG can catch what important causes of syncope:

WPW, long QT, HCM

Edematous turbinates suggest:

allergic rhinitis

Empiric IV treatment of UTI in infant or young child: 3 good options

ampicillin and gentamicin, ceftriaxone, piperacillin/tazobactam (Zosyn)

Empiric PO treatment of UTI in infant or young child: 3 good options

Bactrim, cephalexin, Augmentin

Enterovirus characteristic rash morphology

maculopapular erythematous rash affecting palms and soles

Enzyme that unconjugates bilirubin in neonatal bowel for enterohepatic recirculation:

beta glucuronidase

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Epiglottitis: pathogen

haemophilus influenza type B

Erythema infectiosum: pathogen

parvovirus B19

Ethnicities at higher risk for congenital hypothyroidism:

Hispanic, Native American

Exanthem subitum =

roseola infantum, sixth disease

Exanthem subitum: pathogen

HHV-6

93.

Fever of unknown origin defined as:

Temperature > 38.3 C (101 F) for at least 2 weeks with failure to reach diagnosis after 1 week of evaluation

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Fifth disease =

erythema infectiosum

78.

Fifth disease: pathogen

parvovirus B19

Fine, erythematous, blanching, papular, sandpaper-like rash

Scarlet fever

First-line antibiotic for AOM and dose:

amoxicillin 80-90 mg/kg/day

For moderate-severe dehydration, start fluid therapy with:

IVF bolus 20cc/kg NS over 20min-1hr, repeat until urine output and heart rate improved

For the 4-year-old, what audiology test is appropriate?

conventional audiometry

Frequency of nursing in normal breastfeeding infants

every 2-3 hours

Goal of treatment with levothyroxine for the hypothyroid child?

Maintain TSH at 1 mU/mL and T4 in upper half of normal range for age

Goal serum glucose for neonate is _______ mg/dL.

41-50

Good test to differentiate between cardiac and pulmonary etiology in cyanotic infants?

hyperoxia test

Gray pharyngeal pseudomembrane: pathogen

Corynebacterium diphtheria

GU exam in male athletes is important to check for:

inguinal hernia, undescended testicle

GU exam is necessary as part of preparticipation physical exam for:

males

Hand-foot-and-mouth disease: pathogen

Coxsackievirus

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Hand-foot-and-mouth disease: rash morphology

vesicular rash on hands and feet, ulcers in mouth

Heavy menses, bleeding disorder, iron deficiency: list in order of decreasing likelihood to cause clinically significant fatigue in female patient.

Bleeding disorder, heavy menses, iron deficiency

HEEADSSS is:

home, education/employment, eating, activities, drugs, sexuality, suicide, safety

Hemolysis in the antibodynegative neonate: 4 etiologies

hereditary spherocytosis, hereditary elliptocytosis, G6PD deficiency, pyruvate kinase deficiency

Hemolysis in the antibodypositive neonate: 3 etiologies

Rh incompatibility, ABO incompatibility, minor blood group antigen incompatibility

Hepatitis A vaccination is given at what ages:

12 and 18 months

Hip dysplasia: ratio of female to male cases

9:1

How does a beta agonist aid in diagnosis of asthma?

Decreases wheezing, increases peak flow

How does breathing affect the pain of precordial catch syndrome?

Deep inspiration aggravates pain, forced deep inspiration breaks pain.

How does DTaP differ from Tdap in formulation?

DTaP has 3-5 times more diphtheria toxoid.

How long can breast-milk jaundice persist?

12 weeks

How to diagnose neonatal hypoglycemia?

serum/plasma glucose level

How to screen for neonatal hypoglycemia?

glucometer test

How to treat Kawasaki disease:

1. Hospitalize 2. IVIG 3. High-dose aspirin for 6 weeks 4. Echocardiogram

HPV2 is approved for what group and indications:

women for prevention of cervical cancer

106.

HPV4 is approved for what group and indications:

men ages 926 to reduce risk of genital warts, anal cancer, anal intraepithelial neoplasia

HPV vaccines are given at what age and intervals:

11-12, 2 months after 1st dose, 6 months after 1st dose

108.

HR by two hours of life:

120-160

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HR in first hour of life:

160-180

Hyperinflation, increased interstitial markings, and patchy atelectasis on CXR suggests:

asthma

Hyperoxia test improves oxygenation in what group of cyanotic infants?

respiratory

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis usually presents with _________ at ____.

projectile vomiting at 3 weeks

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Hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia associated with anorexia nervosa can cause these symptoms:

Hypothyroidism affects menses in what way?

If acrocyanosis does not resolve within 8 hours or with warming, consider:

neurologic changes, hyperreflexia, compromised cardiac function menorrhagia and shorter menstrual cycles cyanotic congenital heart disease

If pt is 21yo+ and has never gotten the MCV4 and is not at increased risk for exposure to Neisseria meningitidis, is vaccination recommended?

no

If TTN does not improve, suspect ______ and order _________.

pneumonia, CXR and antibiotics

In an adolescent patient, sporadic, sharp chest pain lasting seconds to a few minutes unrelated to exercise or meals, made worse by deep inspiration, broken with forced deep inspiration, reproducible with palpation, physical exam otherwise normal:

precordial catch syndrome

In a neonate, loss of suck reflex, lethargy, hyperirritability, seizures result from what complication of hyperbilirubinemia?

kernicterus

In asymptomatic child, how is TB diagnosed?

Mantoux skin test

Infant of diabetic mother: quantify association between maternal Hgb A1c levels and major fetal malformations.

If A1c>12 in first trimester, 12-fold increase in risk of major malformations

Inheritance of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

X-linked recessive

123.

Inheritance of neurofibromatosis.

autosomal dominant

124.

Inheritance of the vWD types:

Types 1 and 2 are autosomal dominant. Type 3 is autosomal recessive.

In hypernatremic dehydration, what is the rate at which serum sodium should be lowered?