Pediatric Mnemonics

Paediatric Mnemonics ***

Transient

Tachypnea of the Newborn is the commonest cause of

Respiratory Distress in

Term infants.

***

GoweR’s sign is indicative of weak Pelvic GiRdle & hip muscles. ***

MT i

ochondrial DNA mutations show only

MT a

ernal transmission.

***

Investigations used 4 antenatal diagnosis of:

TR

isomy 21:

‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬

Nuchal

TR

TR TR

iple Test.

anslucency scan.

ans-abdominal Amniocentesis & Chorionic villus sampling. ***

Common features of Trisomies we've in our curriculum:

Trisomy =

EXTRA C R h

omosome.

Remember that all trisomies have in common:

EXTR C R

emity Malformations (Hands & feet). ardiac Malformations. enal Malformations.

***

Extremity malformations in Trisomies: - Down:

S S

imian crease. andal gap. - Edward:

C C

lenched hands with overlapping fingers.

onvex bottom of the feet with Prominent calcaneus (Rocker-bottom feet).

-

P

P

atau:

olydactyly ***

And a little clinical reminder; Whenever U get to a case of Abdomen; Remember that : Abdomen is a

BA

G (carrying the viscera !)

So, Don't 4get to examine The

BA

ck

Once the diagnosis is suspected, a large nasogastric tube is passed and “suction” is applied to prevent distension of the intrathoracic bowel. ***

In Intussusception; Radiographic Reduction is contraindicated in cases with:

Per

foration

Or conditions Predictive of perforation; e.g.

Per

itonitis

Henoch-schonline

Pur

pura

***

Co

ntrast –enhanced X-Ray may show:

Co

il-spring appearance.

C

law sign ***

Diseases in which IVIg can be used: ITP Kawasaki Disease Guillian Barre ***

Regarding

A

naphylaxis;

Risk factors for fatal outcome include:

Adolescent age group Coexistent

Asthma

Allergy to Nuts ***

Acute Management is early administration of: IM

Adrenaline ***

Complications of Long-term Blood Transfusion

I

ron overload & Hemosiderosis

I I

mmune reactions

so-

I

nfections ***

Regarding Sickle cell anemia; To Remember which Amino Acid replaces which,

V LI E A

G

N

lutamic aci

reminds you of

d

EVIL

reminds you of

G d oo

So, when Evil replaces Good, Disease occurs. When Valine replaces Glutamic acid, Sickle cell anemia occurs. ***

Regarding

Letter

F

F

is the

e-deficiency anemia;

6th

alphabetically,

This gives a clue to important points in Oral Iron Therapy; Dose:

Course:

6

6

mg\Kg\ day.

Weeks after normalization of all blood values to replete the stores. ***

In Fallot’s Tetralogy

Hypercyanotic

Sp

Infandibular

ells are due to

Sp

asm

***

Hypercyanotic spells are usually self-limiting, but if prolonged (> 15 minutes), the child should be admitted to the

HOSPITAL To receive:

IV

H

ydration

O S

edation & pain relief (Morphine)

S

odium Bicarbonate

P

ropranolol

I T ron

A

2

herapy

ssisted Ventilation (if no improvement) ***

The 2 Master Keys to MCNS are 2

S

S

elective Proteinuria

S

teroid-sensitivity ***

Investigations for Bronchial Asthma: Bronchial Asthma = Hypersensitivity Reaction (

A

ntigen +

A

ntibody)

= COPD (defective

O

xygenation + Airway

O

bstruction)

So Investigations are directed towards detecting:

A A -Airway

O

ntigen (Skin Tests)

ntibody (IgE) (Total & specific)

O

xygenation (Pulse Oximetry)

bstruction (PEFR) (Peak Expiratory Flow Rate)

***

Regarding Investigations of

3

C

1- Investigations for the

CVS

Diseases;

’s

C

ondition itself:

- Anatomical:

C

hamber Enlargement. (Chest X-ray + Echo)

Pulmonary

V

S S ite &

asculature. (Chest X-ray)

ize of the Defects. (Echo)

- Functional: -

-

V

C

ontractility. (Echo)

elocity of conduction & Rhythmicity. (ECG) +

Flow directions & Pressure Gradients across the defects. (Echo with Color flow Doppler + Cardiac catheterization). ***

2- Investigations for

C

omplications (As in Fallot)

e.g. Brain Abscess or infarction: CT scan & MRI Brain. ***

3- Investigations for

C

Ause & associations (As in Rheumatic fever)

e.g. ASO Titer & Acute phase reactants. ***

Investigations for Anemia

State it’s Anemia. (CBCwith Retics) 2- To Survey if it’s Hemolytic & Iron deficiency. (Blood Chemistry: 1- To

Serum Iron, Serum Ferritin, Serum TIBC, Serum Bilirubin)

spot abnormal Morphology. (Blood Film) 4- To spot abnormal Hb (Hb Electrophoresis) 5- To spot abnormal Enzyme (G6PD Level in Favism) 6- Special Tests for special Types. (Sickling Test for Sickle cell 3- To

anemia – Osmotic Fragility test for Hereditary Spherocytosis)

+ Investigations for complications as in sickle cell anemia ***

dr R.M