Pedagogik Kejuruan

 

Kbeblbo ^d`bcacfe Edjurubi 

@asdi pdkhfkhfic : Kfkf Vupdlkf, ].]P., K.^`.

@fsusui aldo : Bgtb Fllfyfi Iavfb 2?>3?>>2

^di`f`febi Pbtb Xfbs `bi Edmbitfebi Gbeultbs ^brfwfsbtb `bi ^droatdlbi Tifvdrsftbs Idcdrf ^b`bic 8>8> 

 

Ebtb ^dicditbr ^ujf syueur blobk`ulfllbo ebkf pbijbtebi ed ob`frbt Puobi Vbic Kbob Dsb, ebrdib tdlbo kdlfkpboebi rbokbt-Iyb hdrupb edsdkpbtbi `bi pdicdtboubi sdoficcb kbeblbo fif hfsb sdldsbf s dldsbf pb`b wbetuiyb. Pdrfkb ebsfo jucb ebkf umbpebi edpb`b `asdi `a sdi pdkhfkhfic kbtb eulfbo ^d`bcacfe Edjurubi ybftu fhu Kfkf Vupdlkf, ].]P., K.^`. ybic tdlbo kdkhfkhfic ebkf sdoficcb kbeblbo fif hfsb `fsusui `dicbi hbfe `bi rbpf. Ebkf hdrobrbp sdkacb kbeblbo fif hfsb kdibkhbo  pdicdtboubi pbrb pdkhbmb. Ibkui tdrldpbs tdrldpbs `brf ftu, ebkf kdkbobkf  hbowb kbeblbo fif kbsfo kbsfo jbuo `brf ebtb sdkpurib, sdoficcb ebkf sbicbt kdicobrbpebi erftfe sdrtb sbrbi ybic hdrsfgbt kdkhbicui `dkf tdrmfptbiyb kbeblbo sdlbijutiyb ybic ldhfo hbfe lbcf.

^bsbkbi, 6 ]dptdkhdr 8>8>

^diulfs

 

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@bgtbr Fsf

Ebtb ^dicbitbr............... ^dicbitbr........................... ........................ ..................... ..................... ........................ ................ ....

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@bgtbr Fsf............ Fsf........................ ........................ ........................ ....................... ..................... ...................... ................ ....

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Hbh F ^di`boulubi B.  Lbtbr Hdlbebic…..............................................................

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............................... ....................… ........….................. H.  Xukusbi Kbsblbo...................

4

M.  Pujubi...............................................................................

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Hbh FF ^dkhbobsbi B.  Eakpdtdisf Curu…......................................................

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H.  ^drbi Curu @blbk ^dkhdlbjbrbi................ ^dkhdlbjbrbi......................... .................. .........

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M.  Obedebt ]ubtu Curu @blbk ^ragrsf.................. ^ragrsf.............................. ..............

2=

Hbh FFF ^diutup B.  Edsfkpulbi....................................................................... ]ukhdr

 

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Hbh F ^di`boulubi B.  Lbtbr Hdlbebic ^d`bcacfe kdrupbebi flku ybic kdkhbobs pdi`f`febi, ybftu flku pdi`f`febi bibe. ^di`f`febi hdrguicsf uitue kdificebtebi kutu edof`upbi kbiusfb, hbfe sdhbcbf fi`fvf`u, kbupui sdhbcbf edlakpae `blbk edof`upbi hdrkbsybrbebt. @dicbi pdi`f`febi btbu `dicbi prasds pdredkhbicbi kbsybrbebt, eftb bebi kdidkuebi subtu pdruhbobi `blbk mbrb `bi eublftbs edof`upbi. Pf`be b`b kbsybrbebt ybic hdrsfgbt stbtfs, btbu ybic tf`be kdicblbkf pdruhbobi ^di`f`febi kdrupbebi hbcfbi `brf edof`upbi kbiusfb `f kbib sdtfbp arbic ybic tdlbo lbofr bebi kdi`bpbt pdi`f`febi `brf arbic Kdi`f`fe sdarbic bibe aldo sdjbeedlubrcb  hbcfbi `brf tubiyb. pdi`f`febi `fif ybic `fhdrfebi ededmfl lubrcbb`blbo ybic lbkhbt lbui bebi kdkpdraldo pdi`f`febi `f fistftusf tdrtditu `bi kbsybrbebt. ^di`f`febi b`blbo usbob sb`br uitue kdkbiusfbebi kbiusfb, `f kbib sbbt fif tucbs sdarbic curu huebi obiyb sdhbcbf pdicbjbr ibkui jucb kdijb`f sdarbic pdi`f`fe. ]darbic pdi`f`fe `fobrbpebi kbkpu kdlbesbibebi guicsf  pdi`f`febi `bi `bpbt kdimbpbf tujubi pdi`f`febi. ^di`f`fe b`blbo sdarbic kbiusfb ybic `dicbi edsb`brbiiyb kbkpu kdkpdicbruof arbic lbfi `dicbi tujubi trbisgdr pdicdtboubi `bi ebrbetdr. ^dkhdlbjbrbi `dicbi kdkhdrfebi pdicdtboubi ybic tficcf tbipb `fhbrdicf `dicbi ebrbetdr ybic hbfe, kbeb bebi kdijb`febi flku ybic `fpdraldo eurbic hdrkbigbbt. Hdcftu jucb sdhblfeiyb, arbic hdrebrbetdr tdtbpf tf`be hdrflku, kbeb sbkb sbjb edhdrkbigbbtbiyb eurbic kbesfkbl. ]doficcb  pdrlu b`biyb edsdfkhbicbi bitbrb ed`ubiyb.

 

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H.  Xukusbi Kbsblbo Hdr`bsbrebi lbtbr hdlbebic `f btbs kbeb `bpbt `fhdrf rukusbi kbsblbo sdhbcbf hdrfeut :

  2. Curu1 8.  Bpb Bpb Eakpdtdisf sbjb ^drbi Curu @blbk ^dkhdlbjbrbi1 =.  Hbcbfkbib Obedebt ]ubtu Curu @blbk ^ragrsf1 M.  Pujubi Hdr`bsbrebi rukusbi kbsblbo `f btbs, kbeb tujubi  pdiulfsbi kbeblbo fif uitue uitue kdicuicebpebi tditbic : 2.  Kdkbobkf Eakpdtdisf Curu. 8.  Kdicdtbouf ^drbi Curu @blbk ^dkhdlbjbrbi. =.  Kdkbobkf Obedebt ]ubtu Curu @blbk ^ragrsf.

 

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Hbh FF ^dkhbobsbi B.  Eakpdtdisf curu Curu sdhbcbf sdsdarbic ybic hdrwdibic uitue kdicbjbr `bi kdi`f`fe pdsdrtb `f`fe obrus kdkflfef eublfgfebsf `bi eakpdtdisf ybic hbfe bcbr upbyb `blbk kdiceai`fsfebi lficeuicbi hdlbjbr `bpbt kdruhbo pdrflbeu pdsdrtb `f`fe kdijb`f ldhfo hbfe sdmbrb dgdetfg `bi dgfsfdi. Kdiurut Ti`bic-ui`bic Iakar 20 Pboui 8>>4 tditbic Curu `bi @asdi, eakpdtdisf b`blbo sdpdrbicebt pdicdtboubi, edtdrbkpflbi, `bi pdrflbeu ybic obrus `fkflfef, `fobybtf, `bi `feubsbf aldo curu btbu `asdi `blbk kdlbesbibebi tucbs edpragdsfaiblbi. Eakpdtdisf kdrupbebi sybrbt ybic obrus `fkflfef curu bcbr `bpbt kdlbesbibebi tucbs `dicbi  pragdsfaibl sdoficcb kdimbpbf tujubi pdkhdlbjbrbi sdmbrb dgdetfg `bi dgfsfdi. Eakpdtdisf `blbk Hbobsb Fi`aidsfb kdrupbebi sdrbpbi `brf hbobsb Ficcrfs, makpdtdimd ybic hdrbrtf edmbebpbi `bi edkbkpubi (Kusgbo, 8>24:83). Eakpdtdisf b`blbo eukpulbi pdicdtboubi, pdrflbeu, `bi edtdrbkpflbi ybic obrus `fkflef curu uitue kdimbpbf tujubi pdkhdlbjbrbi `bi pdi`f`febi. Eakpdtdisf hdrbrtf edkbkpubi kdwuju`ebi sdsubtu sdsubf `dicbi tucbs ybic `fhdrfebi edpb`b sdsdarbic. Eakpdtdisf jucb tdrebft `dicbi stbi`br `fkbib sdsdarbic `febtbebi eakpdtdi `blbk hf`biciyb jfeb  pdicdtboubi, edtdrbkpflbi, `bi sfebp sdrtb obsfl edrjbiyb sdsubf stbi`br (ueurbi) ybic `ftdtbpebi `bi/btbu `fbeuf aldo ldkhbcbiyb/pdkdrfitbo. Kusgbo (8>24:83) obefebt eakpdtdisf b`blbo edeubtbi kditbl `bi gfsfe uitue kdlbeuebi tucbs btbu edtdrbkpflbi ybic `fpdlbjbrf kdlbluf lbtfobi `bi prbetde. @brf obl fif kbeb subtu eakpdtdisf `bpbt `fpdraldo kdlbluf pdlbtfobi `bi pdi`f`febi. @blbk hueu ybic `ftulfs aldo Kulybsb (8>2=:=?) `brf sdarbic taeao hdribkb Car`ai tdr`bpbt dibk bspde ybic tdrebi`uic `blbk eaisdp eakpdtdisf ybftu pdicdtboubi,  pdkbobkbi, edkbkpubi, iflbf, sfebp `bi kfibt. ^dicdtboubi ybftu subtu edkbkpubi `blbk bspde eaciftfg, maitaoiyb curu kdicdtbouf edhutuobi hdlbjbr `brf pdsdrtb `f`feiyb. ^dkbobkbi ybftu ed`blbkbi bspde eaciftfg `bi bgdetfg `fkbib sdarbic curu kdicdtbouf pdkhdlbjbrbi ybic

 

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sdsubf `dicbi ebrbetdrfstfe pdsdrtb `f`fe. Edkbkpubi ybftu `bpbt kdlbeuebi tucbs btbu pdedrjbbi ybic `fhdhbiebi edpb`b curu `dicbi `fsfplfi. Iflbf ybftu stbi`br pdrflbeu ybic `fybefif `bi tdrtbibk `blbk fi`fvf`u sdtfbp curu. ]febp ybftu rdgldesf `brf b`biyb rbicsbicbi ybic `btbiciyb `brf lubr. Kfibt ybftu edmdi`druicbi uitue kdlbeuebi subtu edcfbtbi. Kbeb `bpbt `fsfkpulebi hbowb eakpdtdisf kdrupbebi edkbkpubi sdsdarbic ybic kdlfputf  pdicdtboubi, edtdrbkpflbi, `bi sfebp, ybic `bpbt `fwuju`ebi `blbk obsfl edrjb iybtb ybic `bpbt hdrkbigbbt  hbcf `frf sdi`frf `bi lficeuicbiiyb. lficeuicbiiyb. ^dicdrtfbi eakpdtdisf curu hdr`bsbrebi Ti`bicui`bic Iakar 20 Pboui 8>>4 b`blbo eakpdtdisf curu `bpbt `fkbeibf sdhbcbf edhulbtbi pdicdtboubi, edtdrbkpflbi `bi sfebp ybic hdrwuju` tfi`bebi mdr`bs `bi pdiuo tbiccuic  jbwbh `blbk kdlbesbibebi tucbs sdhbcbf bcdi pdkhdlbjbrbi. pd khdlbjbrbi. Kdiurut Kulybsb (8>2=:83) Eakpdtdisf curu kdrupbebi  pdrpb`ubi bitbrb edkbkpubi pdrsaiblfb, edflkubi, tdeialacf, sasfbl, `bi spfrftubl ybic kdkhditue eakpdtdisf stbi`br pragdsf curu, ybic kdimbeup pdicubsbbi kbtdrf,  pdkbobkbi tdrob`bp pdsdrtb `f`fe, pdkhdlbjbrbi ybic kdi`f`fe, pdicdkhbicbi prfhb`f `bi pragdsfaiblftbs. Eakpdtdisf curu ldhfo kdrujue pb`b edkbkpubi curu uitue kdicbjbr `bi kdi`f`fe sdoficcb kdicobsflebi pdruhbobi  pdrflbeu hdlbjbr `brf pdsdrtb `f`fe. Edkbkpubi curu ybic `fkbesu` b`blbo tf`be obiyb `brf sdcf pdicdtboubi sbjb tdtbpf jucb jucb `brf sdcf edprfhb`fbi, sasf sasfbl bl `bi prag pragdsfaibl dsfaibl sdhbcbf curu. Eakpdtdisf curu hdr`bsbrebi Ti`bic-ui`bic Iakar 20 Pboui 8>>4 ybic sdlbijutiyb `fbtur `blbk ^drbturbi ^dkdrfitbo Iakar 26 Pboui 8>>4, curu obrus kdkpuiybf eakpdtdisf pd`bcacfe, edprfhb`fbi, sasfbl `bi pragdsfaibl. @fkbib kbsfic-kbsfic eakpdtdisf sbicbt pditfic uitue sdarbic curu `blbk kdlbeuebi tucbs `bi edwbjfhbiiyb uitue kdimdr`bsebi edof`upbi hbicsb kdlbluf pdi`f`febi. Curu `ftuitut uitue kdicubsbf sdkub eakpdtdisf curu bcbr `bpbt kdijb`f pbiutbi hbcf pdsdrtb `f`fe. Kusobg (8>24:86) kdkhbcf eakpdtdisf curu `lbk tfcb hbcfbi ybftu hf`bic eaciftfg, sfebp, `bi pdrflbeu ybic edtfcbiyb fif tf`be `bpbt

 

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 hdr`frf sdi`frf ebrdib ebrd ib sblfic hdrouhuicbi `bi kdkpdicbruof sbtu sbkb lbfi. @brf pdijdlbsbi tdrsdhut kbeb `bpbt `fsfkpulebi eakpdtdisf curu b`blbo pdrpb`ubi bitbrb  pdicdtboubi, edtdrbkpflbi, sdrtb sfebp ybic obrus `fkflef aldo curu `blbk kdijblbiebi tucbs `bi edwbjfhbiiyb sdmbrb  pragdsfaibl.

H.  ^drbi Curu @blbk ^dkhdlbjbrbi Curu kdkdcbic pdrbibi ybic sbicbt strbtdcfs tdrutbkb `blbk kdkhditue wbtbe hbicsb sdrtb kdicdkhbicbi  patdisf sfswb. Edob`frbi curu tf`be tdrcbitfebi aldo uisur ybic lbfi, ldhfo-ldhfo `blbk kbsybrbebt eftb ybic kultfeulturbl `bi kultf`fkdisfaibl, `fkbib pdrbibi tdeialacf uitue kdiccbitfebi tucbs-tucbs curu sbicbt kfifk.^drbi curu sdi`frf hdrbrtf edob`frbi `bi palb tficebo lbeu sdarbic pdi`f`fe `blbk kdkhdrfebi pdlbybibi edpb`b sfswb bcbr kdijb`f pdsdrtb `f`fe ybic sdlbrbs `dicbi tujubi sdealbo `bi jucb kbkpu kdificebtebi edkbkpubi `blbk  prasds pdkhdlbjbrbi.Hdcftu pditficiyb pdrbi sdarbic curu `blbk edhdrobsflbi pdsdrtb `f`fe kbeb odi`beiyb curu kbkpu hdrb`bptbsf `dicbi hdrhbcbf pdredkhbicbi ybic b`b `bi kdificebtebi eakpdtdisfiyb sdhbh curu pb`b sbbt fif  huebi sbjb sdhbcbf pdicbjbr tdtbpf jucb sdhbcbf pdicdlalb  prasds kdicbjbr. Curu obruslbo kdimfptbebi eai`fsf hdlbjbr hdlbjbr ybic sdhbfe-hbfeiyb hbcf pdsdrtb `f`fe. subtu 2.  Curu ]dhbcbf ^di`f`fe Curu b`blbo pdi`f`fe, ybic kdijb`f taeao,  pbiutbi, f`ditfgfebsf hbcf pbrb pdsdrtb `f`fe, `bi lficeuicbiiyb. Aldo ebrdib ftu, curu obrus kdkflfef stbi`br prfhb`f tdrtditu, ybic kdimbeup tbiccuic  jbwbh, wfhbwb, kbi`frf kbi`frf,, `bi `fsfplfi.Curu obrus kbkpu hdrtfi`be `bi kdicbkhfl edputusbi sdmbrb mdpbt, tdpbt wbetu, `bi tdpbt sbsbrbi, tdrutbkb  hdrebftbi `dicbi kbsblbo pdkhdlbjbrbi `bi pdsdrtb

 

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`f`fe, tf`be kdiuiccu pdrfitbo btbsbi btbu edpblb sdealbo. ]d`bicebi `fsfplfi `fkbesu`ebi hbowb curu obrus kdkbtuof hdrhbcbf pdrbturbi `bi tbtb tdrtfh sdmbrb eaisfstdi, btbs edsb`brbi pragdssfaibl, ebrdib kdrdeb hdrtucbs kd`fsfplfiebi pbrb pdsdrtb `f`fe `fsdealbo, tdrutbkb `blbk pdkhdlbjbrbi. Aldo ebrdib ftu, `blbk kdibibkebi `fsfplfi curu obrus kdkulbf `brf `frfiyb sdi`frf, `blbk hdrhbcbf tfi`bebi `bi  pdrflbeuiyb. 8.  Curu ]dhbcbf ^dicbjbr ]djbe b`biyb edof`upbi, sdjbe ftu pulb curu tdlbo kdlbesbibebi pdkhdlbjbrbi, `bi kdkbic obl tdrsdhut kdrupbebi tucbs `bi tbiccuic jbwbhiyb ybic  pdrtbkb `bi utbkb. Curu kdkhbitu pdsdrtb `f`fe ybic sd`bic hdredkhbic uitue kdkpdlbjbrf sdsubtu ybic  hdluk `fedtboufiyb, kdkhditue eakpdtdisf `bi kdkbobkf kbtdrf stbi`br ybic `fpdlbjbrf. Edcfbtbi  hdlbjbr pdsdrtb `f`fe `fpdicbru hdhdrbpb gbetar, sdpdrtf katfvbsf, edkbtbicbi, ouhuicbi pdsdrtb `f`fe `dicbi curu, edkbkpubi vdrhbl, tficebt edhdhbsbi, rbsb bkbi `bi edtdrbkflbi curu `blbk hdreakuifebsf. Jfeb gbetar-gbetar `fbtbs `fpdiuof, kbeb kdlbluf  pdkhdlbjbrbi pdsdrtb `f`fe `bpbt `bpbt hdlbjbr `dicbi hbfe. obl ybic pdrlu `flbeuebi curu `blbk pdkhdlbjbrbi, sdhbcbf hdrfeut:  

Kdkhubt flustrbsf   Kdi`dgfifsfebi   Kdicbiblfsfs   Kdisftdsfs   Hdrtbyb   Kdrdspai   Kdi`dicbrebi   Kdimfptbebi edpdrmbybbi

 

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=.  Curu sdhbcbf pdkhfkhfic Curu `bpbt `ffhbrbtebi sdhbcbf pdkhfkhfic  jauridy ), ybic hdr`bsbrebi pdicdtboubi  pdrjblbibi ( jauridy `bi pdicblbkbiiyb hdrtbiccuic jbwbh btbs edlbimbrbi  pdrjblbiibi ftu, kbesu`iyb kbesu`iyb pdrjblbibi tf`be obiyb kdiybiceut gfsfe tdtbpf jucb pdrjblbibi kditbl, dkasfaibl, erdbtfvftbs, karbl `bi spfrftubl ybic ldhfo `blbk `bi eakpldes. ]dhbcbf pdkhfkhfic curu obrus kdrukusebi tujubi sdmbrb jdlbs, kdidtbpebi wbetu  pdrjblbibi, kdidt kdidtbpebi bpebi jblbi ybic obrus `ftdkpuo, kdiccuibebi pdtuijue pdrjblbibi sdrtb kdiflbf edlbimbrbiiyb sdsubf `dicbi edhutuobi `bi edkbkpubi pdsdrtb `f`fe. ]dkub ftu `flbeuebi  hdr`bsbrebi edrjbsbkb ybic hbfe `d `dicbi icbi pdsdrtb `f`fe, tdtbpf curu kdkhdrfebi pdicbruo utbkb `blbk sdtfbp bspde pdrjblbibi. ]dhbcbf pdkhfkhfic curu kdklfef  hdrdhbcbf obe `bi tbiccuic jbwbh`blbk sdtfbp  pdrjblbibi ybic `flbesbibebi `bi `frdimbibebiiyb.    ^drtbkb, curu obrus kdrdimbibebi tujubi `bi kdicf`ditfgfebsf eakpdtdisf ybic odi`be `fmbpbf. 0.  Curu sdhbcbf pdlbtfo ^rasds pdi`f`febi `bi pdkhdlbjbrbi kdkdrluebi lbtfobi edtdrbkpflbi, hbfe fitdldetubl ibkbupui katarfe, sdoficcb kdiuitut curu hdrtfi`be sdhbcbf  pdlbtfo. Obl hdrhbsfs fif ldhfo eakpdtdisf, ` `ftdebiebi ftdebiebi lbcf `blbk e eurfeuluk urfeuluk 8>>0 ybic ebrdib tbipb lbtfobi sdarbic pdsdrtb `f`fe tf`be bebi kbkpu kdiuijueebi  pdicbsbbi eakpdtdisf `bsbr, `bi tf`be bebi bofr `blbk  hdrhbcbf edtdrbkpflbi ybic `fedkhbicebi sdsubf `dicbi kbtdrf stbi`br. Aldo ebrdib ftu, curu obrus  hdrpdrbi sdhbcbf pdlbtfo, ybic hdrtucbs kdlbtfo pdsdrtb `f`fe `blbk pdkhdituebi eakpdtdisf `bsbr dicbi  patdisf kbsfic-kbsfic.

 

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4.  Curu sdhbcbf pdibsdobt Curu b`blbo sdarbic pdibsdobt hbcf pdsdrtb `f`fe,  hboebi hbcf arbic tub, kdsefpui kdrdeb tf`be kdkflfef lbtfobi eousus sdhbcbf pdibsdobt `bi `blbk  hdhdrbpb obl tf`be `bpbt hdrobrbp uitue `bpbt kdibsdobtf arbic. Kdijb`f curu pb`b tficebt kbibpui  hdrbrtf kdijb`f pdibsdobt `bi kdijb`f arbic edpdrmbybbi, edcftbi pdkhdlbjbrbi pui kdldtbeebiiyb  pb`b pasfsf tdrsdhut. ^dsdrtb `f`fe sdibitfbsb  hdrob`bpbi `dicbi edhutuobi uitue kdk kdkhubt hubt edputusbi, `bi `blbk prasdsiyb bebi lbrf edpb`b curuiyb. ^dsdrtb `f`fe bebi kdidkuebi sdi`frf `bi sdmbrb kdicodrbiebi, hboebi kdiyblboebi bpb ybic `ftdituebiiyb, sdrtb bebi kdicb`u edpb`b curu sdhbrb arbic edpdrmbybbiiyb. ^di`debtbi psfealacfs `bi kditbl odblto `f btbs bebi kdialaic curu `blbk kdijblbiebi guicsfiyb sdhbcbf pdibsdobt, ybic tdlbo  hbiybe `fedibl hbowb fb kbkpu kdkhbitu pdsdrtb `f`fe uitue `bpbt kdkhubt edputusbi sdi`frf. 7.  Curu sdhbcbf pdkhbobru (Fiiavbtar) Curu kdidrjdkboebi pdicblbkbi ybic tdlbo lblu ed `blbk edof`upbi ybic hdrkbeib hbcf pdsdrtb `f`fe. @blbk obl fif tdr`bpbt jurbic ybic `blbk `bi lubs bitbrb cdibsf ybic sbtu `dicbi ybic lbfi, `dkfebi obliyb `dicbi pdcblbkbi arbic]darbic tub kdkflfef brtf ldhfo  hbiybe `brfpb`b idide eftb. pdsdrtb `f`fe sdebrbic, sdmbrb psfealacfs hdrb`b jbuo `brf  pdicblbkbi kbiusfb ybic obrus `fpbobkf, `bi `fwuju`ebi `blbk pdi`f`febi 3.  Curu sdhbcbf ka`dl `bi tdlb`bi Curu kdrupbebi ka`dl btbu tdlb`bi hbcf pbrb  pdsdrtb `f`fe `bi sdkub arbic ybic kdicbiccbp `fb sdhbcf curu. Pdr`bpbt edmdi`ruicbi ybic hdsbr uitue kdicbiccbp hbowb pdrbi fif tf`be ku`bo uitue `ftditbic, bpblbcf `ftalbe. Kdijb`f tdlb`bi kdrupbebi

 

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sfgbt `bsbr edcfbtbi pdkdhdlbjbrbi, `bi edtfeb sdarbic curu tf`be kbu kdidrfkb btbu kdiccuibebiiyb sdmbrb eaistrutfg kbeb tdlbo kdicurbicf eddgdetfgbi  pdkhdlbjbrbi. ^drbi `bi guicsf fif pbtut `fpbobkf, `b `bi i tf`be pdrlu kdijb`f hdhbi ybic kdkhdrbtebi, sdoficcb `dicbi edtdrbkpflbi `bi edrdi`bobi obtf bebi kdkpdrebyb brtf pdkhdlbjbrbi. ?.  Curu sdhbcbf prfhb`f ]dhbcbf fi`fvf`u ybic hdredmfkpuic `blbk  pdi`f`febi, curu obrus kdkflfef edprfhb`fbi ybic kdimdrkfiebi sdarbic pdi`f`fe. Puitutbi bebi edprfhb`fbi sdhbcbf pdi`f`fe eb`bic-eb`bic `frbsbebi ldhfo hdrbt `fhbi`ficebi pragdsf lbfiiyb. Ticebpbi ybic sdrfic `fedkuebebi b`blbo hbowb “curu hfsb `fcucu `bi `ftfru‛. @fcucu kbesu`iyb hbowb pdsbi  pdsbi ybic `fsbkpbfebi curu hfsb `fpdrmbyb uitue `flbesbibebi `bi palb of`upiyb hfsb `ftfru btbu `ftdlb`bif. 6.  Curu ]dhbcbf ^di`araic Erdbtfvftbs Erdbtfvftbs `ftbi`bf aldo b`biyb edcfbtbi kdimfptbebi sdsubtu ybic sdhdlukiyb tf`be b`b `bi tf`be `flbeuebi aldo sdsdarbic btbu b`biyb edmdi`druicbi uitue kdimfptbebi sdsubtu. ]dhbcbfarbic ybic erdbtfg, curu kdiyb`brf hbowb erdbtfvftbs kdrupbbi ybic uifvdrsbl `bi aldo ebrdibiyb sdkub edcfbtbiiyb `ftapbic, `fhfkhfic `bi `fhbiceftebi aldo edsb`brbi ftu. Fb sdi`frf b`blbo sdarbic mrdbtar `bi katfvbtar, ybic  hdrb`b `fpusbt prasds pdi``febi

 

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M.  Obedebt ]ubtu Curu @blbk ^ragrsf ^b`b obefebtiyb, pdedrjbbi curu `fbiccbp sdhbcbf  pdedrjbbi ybic kulfb, ybic sbicbt hdrpdrbi `blbk  pdicdkhbicbi sukhdr `byb kbiusfb. ]djblbi `dicbi  pdkfefrbi tdrsdhut, kbeb pdrlu `ftdebiebi hbowb ybic lbybe kdijb`f curu b`blbo arbic-arbic pflfobi ybic kbkpu kdijb`f pbiutbi hbcf bibe `f`feiyb.Obl fif sdsubf `dicbi obefebt pdedrjbbi curu sdhbcbf pdedrjbbi pragdsfaibl, ybic kdiurut @brlfic-Obkai` & Caa`wfi (266=) pblfic tf`be kdkpuiybf tfcb mfrf utbkb. Edtfcb mfrf tdrsdhut b`blbo:2. pdidrbpbi flku `blbk pdlbesbibbi pdedrjbbi `f`bsbrebi pb`b edpditficbi fi`fvf`u pb`b sdtfbp ebsus.8. kdk kdkpuiybf puiybf kdebif kdebifskd skd fitdribl ybic tdrstruetur, ybic kdicbtur rderutkdi, pdlbtfobi, pdkhdrfbi lfsdisf (fjfi edrjb), `bi ueurbi stbi`br uitue prbetfe ybic dtofs `bi kdkb`bf.=. kdic kdicdkhbi dkhbi tbiccuic jbwbh utbkb tdrob`bp edhutuobi elfdiiybCuru kdrupbebi subtu pragdsf, ybic  hdrbrtf subtu jbhbtbi ybic kdkdrluebi edbolfbi eousus sdhbcbf curu `bi tf`be `bpbt `flbeuebi aldo sdkhbrbic arbic `f lubr hf`bic pdi`f`febi.Titue sdarbic curu pdrlu kdicdtbouf `bi `bpbt kdidrbpebi hdhdrbpb prfisfp kdicbjbr bcbr fb `bpbt kdlbesbibebi tucbsiyb sdmbrb pragdssfaibl, ybftu sdhbcbf hdrfeut:2) Curu obrus `bpbt kdkhbicef kdkhbiceftebi tebi  pdrobtfbi pdsdrtb `f`fe pb`b kbtdrf pdlbjbrbi ybic `fhdrfeb `fhdrfebi i sdrtb `bpbt kdiccuibebi hdrhbcbf kd`fb `bi sukhdr hdlbjbr ybic hdrvbrfbsf.8) Curu obrus `bpbt kdkhbiceftebi kfibt pdsdrtb `f`fe uitue betfg `blbk hdrgfefr sdrtb kdimbrf `bi kdidkuebi sdi`frf pdicdtboubi.=) Curu obrus `bpbt kdkhubt urutbi ( sdqudimd)  `blbk pdkhdrfbi pdlbjbrbi `bi  pdiydsubfbiiyb `dicbi usfb `bi tbobpbi tucbs  pdredkhbicbi pdsdrtb `f`fe.0) Curu pdrlu kdicouhuicebi pdlbjbrbi ybic bebi `fhdrfebi `dicbi  pdicdtboubi ybic tdlbo `fkflfef pdsdrtb `f`fe (edcfbtbi bpdrsdpsf), bcbr pdsdrtb `f`fe kdijb`f ku`bo `blbk kdkbobkf pdlbjbrbi ybic `ftdrfkbiyb.4) ]dsubf `dicbi  prfisfp rdpdtfsf `blbk prasds pdkhdlbjbrbi, `fobrbpebi curu `bpbt kdijdlbsebi uift pdlbjbrbi sdmbrb hrulbic-ulbic oficcb tbiccbpbi pdsdrtb `f`fe kdijb`f jdlbs.7)

 

2=

Curu wbjfh

 

kdkdrobtfebi `bi kdkfefrebi ealdrbsf btbu ouhuicbi bitbrb kbtb pdlbjbrbi `bi/btbu prbetfe iybtb `blbk edof`upbi sdobrf-obrf.3) Curu obrus tdtbp kdijbcb eaisditrbsf  hdlbjbr pbrb pdsdrtb `f`fe `dicbi mbrb kdk kdkhdrfebi hdrfebi edsdkpbtbi hdrupb pdicblbkbi sdmbrb lbicsuic, kdicbkbtf/kdidlftf, `bi kdiyfkpulebi pdicdtboubi ybic `f`bpbtiyb.?) Curu obrus kdicdkhbicebi sfebp pdsdrtb `f`fe `blbk kdkhfib ouhuicbi sasfbl, hbfe `blbk edlbs kbupui lubr edlbs.6) Curu obrus kdiydlf`f kdiydlf`fef ef `bi kdi`blbkf pdrhd`bbi pdsdrtb `f`fe sdmbrb fi`fvf`ubl bcbr `bpbt kdlbybif sfswb sdsubf `dicbi pdrhd`bbiiyb tdrsdhut.Curu `bpbt kdlbesbibebi dvblubsf ybic dgdetfg sdrtb kdiccuibebi obsfliyb uitue kdicdtbouf prdstbsf `bi edkbjubi sfswb sdrtb `bpbt kdlbeuebi pdrhbfebi `bi  pdicdkhbicbi.]dfrfic `dicbi edkbjubi tdeialacf t deialacf figarkbsf ybic hdcftu pdsbt,tdtbpf curu jucb tf`beobrus lbcf kbkpu obiyb hdrtfi`be sdhbcbf  pdiybjf figarkbsf, hdrtfi`be sdhbcbf sdhb cbf gbsflftbtar, katfvbtar, `bi pdkhfkhfic ybic ldhfo hbiybe kdkhdrfebi edsdkpbtbi edpb`b pdsdrtb `f`fe uitue kdimbrf `bi kdicalbo sdi`frf figarkbsf. @dicbi `dkfefbi, edbolfbi curu obrus tdrus `fedkhbicebi `bi tf`be obiyb tdrhbtbs pb`b  pdicubsbbi prfisfp kdicbjbr sdpdrtf tdlbo tdlbo `furbfebi.

 

20

 

Hbh FFF ^diutup B.  Edsfkpulbi Eakpdtdisf curu b`blbo sdpdrbicebt edkbkpubi, edtrbkpflbi, pdicdtboubi, `bi sfebp sdarbic curu ybic `flbeuebi sdmbrb sb`br uitue kdlbeuebi tucbs sdmbrb iybtb `f lficeuicbi sdealbo tdrob`bp wbrcb sdealbo `bi `f kbsybrbebt tdrob`bp wbrcb kbsybrbebt `dicbi kdkhdrfebi tdlb`bi ybic  hbfe. ^drbi curu b`blbo edob`frbi `bi palb tficebo lbeu sdarbic pdi`f`fe `blbk kdkhdrfebi pdlbybibi edpb`b sfswb s fswb bcbr kdijb`f pdsdrtb `f`fe ybic sdlbrbs `dicbi tujubi sdealbo `bi jucb kbkpu kdificebtebi edkbkpubi `blbk prasds  pdkhdlbjbrbi Curu kdrupbebi sdarbic pdi`f`fe pragdsfaibl pra gdsfaibl `dicbi tucbs utbkb uitue kdi`f`fe, kdicbrboebi, `bi kdlbtfo sdrtb kdiflbf `bi kdicdvblubsf pdsdrtb `f`fe pb`b jblur pdi`f`febi garkbl. @f `blbk TT Ia. 8> Pboui 8>>= fstflbo curu `fkbsueebi `blbk jdifs pdi`f`fe. ^b`bobl curu `bi `b i pdi`f`fe kdrupbebi `ub obl ybic hdrhd`b. Ebtb pdi`f`fe (Hbobsb Fi`aidsfb) kdrupbebi pb`bibi ebtb d`umbtar. @blbk ebkus Sdhstdr  ebtb  ebtb d`umbtar hdrbrtf pdi`f`fe, spdsfblfs spdsfblfs `f  hf`bic pdi`f`febi btbu bolf pdi`f`febi. Ebtb curu (Hbobsb Fi`aidsfb) kdrupbebi pb`bibi ebtb tdbmodr ybic hdrbrtf curu b`blbo sdsdarbic ybic kdicbjbr, eoususiyb `f sdealbo.

 

24

 

@bgtbr ^ustbeb

Blf Ku`lagfr, ^di`f`fe ^ragdsfaibl:Eaisdp, ]trbtdcf, `bi Bplfebsfiyb  @blbk ^dificebtbi Kutu ^di`f`fe `f Fi`aidsfb, ^P Xbjb Crbgfi`a ^drsb`b, Jbebrtb, 8>2=.  Kblfe, Adkbr. 8>>6.  ^di`f`febi Curu Hdr`bsbrebi ^di`debtbi  Eakpdtdisf. Jbebrtb: ^P. Hukf Besbrb. Kuosai, Blf. 8>>0. Kdificebtebi ^ragdsfaiblfskd Curu: ]dhubo  Obrbpbi. Vacybebrtb. Juribl Deaiakf `bi ^di`f`febi . Walukd 8,  Iakar 2. Kusgbo, Jdjdi. 8>24.  ^dificebtbi Eakpdtdisf Curu kdlbluf  ^dlbtfobi `bi ]ukhdr Hdlbjbr Pdarf `bi Kboku` `bi Fjb ]uitbib,  Bitrapalacf ^di`f`febi, MW ^ustbeb ]dtfb, Hbi`uic, 8>28.  Kao Tzdr Tskbi,  Kdijb`f Curu ^ragdsfaibl, ^P Xdkbjb Xas`bebryb, Hbi`uic, 8>>8.  ^ag. @r. Kb`d ^f`brtb. 8>>6.  Lbi`bsbi ^di`f`febi: ]tfkulbsf Flku  ^di`f`febi Hdrmarbe Fi`aidsfb . Jbebrtb: Xfideb Mfptb. ^rag. ]adtjfpta `bi @rs. Xbglfs Easbsf, K.]m. 8>>3. ^ragdsf Edcurubi. Jbebrtb: Xfideb Mfptb.

 

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