VANTAGE Plant Design (PDMS) Version 11.6
Module 7 Wall and Floor Design Training Manual
VANTAGE VANTAGE VANTAGE VANTAGE
TRAINING TRAINING TRAINING TRAINING
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Printed by AVEVA Solutions on 02 October 2006
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Contents Session 1 ...................................................................... 1-1 Setting Up the Database Hierarchy for Walls & Floors ............................. 1-1 Objectives................................................................................................... 1-1 Must Know Points....................................................................................... 1-1 How PDMS Stores Design Data................................................................. 1-2 Design element soft types .......................................................................... 1-3 PDMS Names............................................................................................. 1-4 Starting the Walls & Floors Application ...................................................... 1-4 Exercise 1................................................................................................... 1-5
Session 2 ...................................................................... 2-1 Elevations and Storage Areas ..................................................................... 2-1 Objectives................................................................................................... 2-1 Must Know Points....................................................................................... 2-1 Setting Floor Elevations.............................................................................. 2-2 Creating Additional Levels.......................................................................... 2-3 Creating CWALL and CFLOOR Elements.................................................. 2-3 Setting Storage Areas for Data Types ........................................................ 2-4 Exercise 2................................................................................................... 2-5
Session 3 ...................................................................... 3-1 Floors and Straight Walls ............................................................................ 3-1 Objectives................................................................................................... 3-1 Must Know Points....................................................................................... 3-1 Overview of Floor and Wall Elements ........................................................ 3-2 Setting Default Specifications..................................................................... 3-4 Creating Floors........................................................................................... 3-7 Modifying Floors ....................................................................................... 3-11 Creating Straight Walls............................................................................. 3-18 Boundary Tracing ..................................................................................... 3-22 Modifying Straight Walls ........................................................................... 3-24 Exercise 3................................................................................................. 3-29
Session 4 ...................................................................... 4-1 Wall and Floor Fittings ................................................................................. 4-1 Objectives................................................................................................... 4-1 Must Know Points....................................................................................... 4-1 Wall Fittings................................................................................................ 4-2 Modifying a Wall Fitting .............................................................................. 4-4 Creating a Floor Fitting ............................................................................... 4-5 Modifying a Wall Fitting .............................................................................. 4-7 Exercise 4................................................................................................... 4-8
Session 5 ...................................................................... 5-1 Modifying the Building Layout and Adding Additional Storeys ............... 5-1
Contents
Objectives................................................................................................... 5-1 Must Know Points....................................................................................... 5-1 Exercise 5................................................................................................... 5-2
Session 6 ...................................................................... 6-1 User Defined Walls and Ring Walls............................................................. 6-1 Objectives................................................................................................... 6-1 Must Know Points....................................................................................... 6-1 Creating User Defined Walls ...................................................................... 6-2 Modifying User Defined Walls .................................................................... 6-2 Creating Ring Walls.................................................................................... 6-3 Modifying a Ring Wall................................................................................. 6-3 Exercise 6................................................................................................... 6-5
Session
1
Setting Up the Database Hierarchy for Walls & Floors Note: This training manual assumes that the trainees have participated in the M6 Basic Steelwork Design and M18 Advanced Steelwork Design training courses.
Objectives At the end of this session you will be able to: •
Enter the Walls & Floors Application.
•
Create administrative database elements to organise and store the Walls & Floors model data in a logical way.
Must Know Points At the end of this session you will be able to explain: •
How to start the Walls & Floors Application.
•
How PDMS stores Walls & Floors Design data.
•
How to create appropriate administrative database elements for Walls & Floors
1-1
Setting Up the Database Hierarchy for Walls & Floors
How PDMS Stores Design Data All PDMS data is stored in a hierarchical or ‘tree’ format similar to the way you use a hierarchy of directories and sub-directories to access your computer files. All data is represented in the database as follows: •
Each identifiable item of data is known as a PDMS element.
•
Each element has a number of associated pieces of information that, together, completely define its properties. These are known as attributes.
Every element is identified within the database structure by an automatically allocated reference number and, optionally, by a user-specified name. Additional items of information that could be stored as attribute settings include: •
Its type
•
Its physical dimensions and technical specifications
•
Its physical location and orientation in the design model
•
Its connectivity.
Some attribute settings are defined automatically by PDMS whilst you may enter others during or after creation of the element. The vertical link between two elements on adjacent levels of the database hierarchy is defined as an owner-member relationship. The element on the upper level is the owner of those elements directly below it. The lower level elements are members of their owning element. Each element can have many members, but it can only have one owner. When you are modifying a database, for example when you are creating new elements or changing the settings of their attributes, you can consider yourself to be positioned at a specific point in the hierarchy. The element at this location is called the current element, often abbreviated to CE. You can navigate from any element to any other, thereby changing the current element, by following the owner-member links up and down the hierarchy as displayed in the Members List. In the case of a PDMS Design database, the topmost data level is called the WORLD (usually represented by the symbolic name /*), below which are the administrative sublevels SITE and ZONE. The names used to identify database levels below Zone depend on the specific engineering discipline for which the data is used. In the case of Structural Design data, the lower administrative levels, and their PDMS abbreviations, are: •
Structure - STRU
•
Framework- FRMW
•
Subframework- SBFR
1-2
Setting Up the Database Hierarchy for Walls & Floors
Design element soft types In the hierarchy diagram shown above it can see there are three element types, especially for the Walls & Floors application at the same level in the hierarchy as an SBFR: •
CWALL (compound walls)
•
CFLOOR (compound floors)
•
CSCREED (compound screeds)
These elements have exactly the same set of attributes as an SBFR except that they have names that are more meaningful to the context in which they are used. These elements are described as soft types of the SBFR element.
1-3
Setting Up the Database Hierarchy for Walls & Floors
PDMS Names Any element in the PDMS database may be named. Names enable you to identify elements and to produce meaningful reports from the database. Which elements you attach names to is a matter of choice, but in general you would be expected to name all significant design items such as SITE, ZONE, STRU, FRMW, and SBFR. Names in PDMS are case sensitive and always begin with a forward slash (/). Generally, most significant design items give you the opportunity to name them from the element creation form. You do not have to enter the forward slash on forms as it is added automatically when the name is entered. If you do not enter a name at this stage, PDMS allocates a default name consisting of the element type suffixed by a sequential number. The last element of a particular type created is always at the top of the Design Explorer for that element type beneath its owner:
Starting the Walls & Floors Application To access the Walls & Floors application select Design>Structures>Walls & Floors from the main menu bar. Alternatively the application may be accessed from the Beams & Columns or Panels & Plates applications by selecting the Walls & Floors button.
1-4
Setting Up the Database Hierarchy for Walls & Floors
Exercise 1 •
Make sure that you are at World level in the Design Explorer, then select Create>Site from the main menu to display the Create Site form:
•
Enter BUILDING.SITE in the Name text box, and press the Enter key to confirm the name. The system automatically adds a / prefix to the entered name so that it conforms with the internal PDMS file naming conventions, i.e. /BUILDING.SITE
•
The Purpose setting is optional, and is used for selecting particular categories of element for use in compiling reports etc. Identify your SITE as one that holds civils modelling data by selecting CIV Industrial Buildings.
•
Your settings now look like this:
Click the button OK to create the SITE element. •
Select Create>Zone to display the Create Zone form: You will let the system name the Zone. On the Create Zone form: •
Set the Name option to Autoname
•
Set the Purpose to CIV Building
1-5
Setting Up the Database Hierarchy for Walls & Floors
Click OK to create the Zone element. Again, the new element appears in the Design Explorer as the current element, and it has been automatically named Building_01. •
You will use a separate STRU element to represent each floor level of the building. Select Create>Structure from the main menu to display the Create Structure form: •
Select Autoname
•
Set the Purpose to LEVL Building Level
Click OK to create the Structure, which is automatically named Building_01_LEVEL_01. •
Each STRU (floor level) in your building requires two FRMW elements. These will store separate: •
floor panel definitions
•
wall definitions.
Note: You will not use screeds in this exercise. Select Create>Framework from the main menu •
Select Autoname
•
Set Purpose to FLOO Floors
Click Apply. The framework is created with the name: Building_01_LEVEL_01_FLOORS_01. •
To create a framework for the wall definitions, in the Design Explorer, click on Building_01_LEVEL_01 to navigate back to STRU level. Select Create>Framework again. •
Select Autoname
•
Set Purpose to WALL Walls
Click Apply. The framework is created with the name Building_01_LEVEL_01_ WALLS_01. •
1-6
Your Design Explorer should look similar to this:
Setting Up the Database Hierarchy for Walls & Floors
•
Create a new STRU element, using the Autoname option, containing two FRMW, one for Level_02 Floors and one for Level_02 Walls.
1-7
Session
2
Elevations and Storage Areas Objectives At the end of this session you will be able to: •
Set floor elevations for the floor levels.
•
Set storage areas for the different data types in the model.
•
Create additional levels for the model.
Must Know Points At the end of this session you will be able to explain: •
How PDMS manages the storage areas for Walls and Floors.
•
How to set elevations for the different floor levels in the model.
2-1
Elevations and Storage Areas
Setting Floor Elevations Navigating to the required STRU (Building Level) element and selecting Settings>Storage Area… from the main menu displays the Building Levels form, showing the FRMW elements for the STRU:
Making the required level the CE and then selecting Modify>Elevation… from the form menu displays the Elevation form:
The required Level elevation above datum may be set from this form. Having set elevations the Levels are automatically listed in order of elevation. Note: Elevations are absolute above datum. The datum element may be set by selecting Settings>Wrt from the form menu to display a sub-menu offering World, Site or Zone options.
2-2
Elevations and Storage Areas
Creating Additional Levels Additional Levels may be created from the Building Levels form by selecting Create>Level… from the form menu to display the Create Level form:
The new level may be named explicitly or Autonaming used and an elevation entered. Clicking the OK button creates the STRU element and lists it in the correct order on the Building Levels form. Levels may be modified or deleted using the appropriate options from the form menu on the Building Levels form.
Creating CWALL and CFLOOR Elements Having created building levels, Compound Wall (CWALL) and Compound Floor (CFLOOR) elements are required to store the wall and floor elements for each level. These are soft types of SBFR. With the required FRMW, i.e. Building Level Floor or Wall as the CE, selecting Create>Compound from the main menu displays a sub-menu offering the options Wall…, Floor… or Screed… Selecting the option for the required element type displays the appropriate Create form, e.g.
2-3
Elevations and Storage Areas
The elements can be names explicitly or the Autonaming option used. There are no Purpose attribute settings available
Setting Storage Areas for Data Types To complete the administrative element hierarchy, a data type (floor or wall) must be associated with each FRMW storage area. It is normal practice to store data types within the appropriate floor level. On the Building Levels form navigate to the desired STRU (Level). In Design Explorer navigate to the appropriate CWALL or CFLOOR element to make it the CE. Back on the Building Levels form click on the appropriate Walls, Floors or Screeds option in the Storage Areas section of the form. This will associate the CFLOOR or CWALL with the FRMW element. Care should be taken when performing this task in order to make the correct associations.
2-4
Elevations and Storage Areas
Exercise 2 Modifying the Level Elevation 1. Select Settings>Storage Areas… from the main menu to display the Building Levels form:
Click on Building_01_LEVEL_01 in the top pane of the form and then select Control>CE from the form menu. Click Yes in the Confirm alert box.
The list in the upper pane is updated to show all STRU elements below the current ZONE that are suitable for use as storage areas. Note: All elements were already listed, so the form appears unchanged. 2. You can see from the form that, by default, both levels have zero elevation. Building_01_LEVEL_01 will be left at 0.00, but move Building_01_LEVEL_02 up to an elevation of 4000. Click on Building_01_LEVEL_02, then select Modify>Elevation… from the form menu to display the Elevation form and change the Elevation to 4000:
2-5
Elevations and Storage Areas
Click OK and note that the levels are automatically listed in order of elevation.
Creating a new Level using the Building Levels form 3. You will create a third level using the Building Levels form. Select Create>Level… from the form menu to display the Create Level form, select the Autoname option and enter a value of 8000 in the Elevation text box.
Click OK to create the new level, Building_01_LEVEL_03, and note that it is inserted into the level list in the correct elevation sequence.
2-6
Elevations and Storage Areas
4. You can now complete the hierarchy below the new level, i.e. create two FRMW’s using the Autoname option, one for floors and one for walls. Your Design Explorer should now look like this:
Creating Compound Floor and Compound Wall Elements The next step is to create Compound Floor and Compound Wall elements (SBFR equivalents) for each level to store the floor and wall elements. 5. Navigate to the FRMW Building_01_LEVEL_01_FLOORS_01 in Design Explorer and then select Create>Compound>Floor… from the main menu to display the Create Compound Floor form. DO NOT use the Autoname option or set the Purpose. Click OK to create the CFLOOR element. 6. Navigate to the FRMW Building_01_LEVEL_01_WALLS_01 in Design Explorer and then select Create>Compound>Wall… from the main menu to display the Create Compound Wall form. DO NOT use the Autoname option or set the Purpose. Click OK to create the CWALL element. 7. Repeat the process for LEVEL_02 and LEVEL_03. Your Design Explorer should now look like this:
2-7
Elevations and Storage Areas
Setting storage areas for data types The next step is to set the storage areas for the data types on each building level. 8. On the Building Levels form select Building_01_LEVEL_01 in the upper pane. In the Design Explorer click on the CWALL 1 element below Building_01_LEVEL_01_WALLS_01. Back in the Building Levels form, click on the Walls entry in the Storage Areas list (the lower pane) to set the selected storage area to the CE, i.e. the CWALL element.
2-8
Elevations and Storage Areas
9. Return to Design Explorer, and click on the CFLOOR 1 element below Building_01_LEVEL_01_FLOORS_01. Again in the Building Levels form, click on the Floors entry in the Storage Areas list. Your Building Levels form should now look like this:
10. Repeat this process to set the storage areas for the walls and floors in the remaining building levels. 11. The set-up of the hierarchy for the building is now complete. .
2-9
Session
3
Floors and Straight Walls Having set up the hierarchy and required storage areas, this session describes how to create floors and straight walls.
Objectives At the end of this session you will able to: •
Create Floor elements.
•
Modify Floor elements.
•
Create Straight Wall elements.
•
Modify Straight Wall elements.
Must Know Points By the end of this module you will be able to explain: •
How to create and modify floors.
•
How to create and modify straight walls.
3-1
Floors and Straight Walls
Overview of Floor and Wall Elements Floors A Floor (FLOOR) element is a soft type of the Panel (PANE) element available in other Panels & Plates application and are not catalogue driven. Floors may be used to represent any sheet material used in a structural model; however, generally they represent concrete slabs. Essentially a floor is a 2D user defined shape extruded through a height (or thickness). The planar area of the Floor is defined by a Panel Loop (PLOO) element. A Panel Loop is itself defined by linking together a set of Panel Vertex (PAVE) elements, each of which has a specific position in the 2D coordinate system of the panel. Each panel Edge is defined by a line joining adjacent vertices. The floor thickness is defined by setting the Height attribute of the PLOO. This represents the distance through which the 2D Panel Loop is extruded to form the 3D floor panel. Floor thickness = HEIG of PLOO
Floor (FLOOR)
= Panel Loop (PLOO)
= Panel Vertex (PAVE)
Each Panel Vertex can have an optional Fillet Radius setting which represents a circular arc that curves towards (positive radius) or away from (negative radius) the vertex position: PAVE with +ve radius
PAVE with -ve radius
The vertex itself has a fillet radius of zero (the default fillet radius). Straight walls Each straight wall is represented in PDMS by a Straight Wall (STWALL) element, which is a soft type of the Section (SCTN) element, available in the Beams & Columns application. Essentially it is a 2D shape, selected from the catalogue and extruded over a length determined by the start and end positions.
3-2
Floors and Straight Walls
As with SCTN’s, the cross sectional geometry of the STWALL is defined in the catalogue and referenced via the Specification Reference (Spref) attribute. All other aspects of its geometry are defined by setting specific design attributes (in most cases these are set automatically by PDMS as you manipulate the model graphically). Two of the most important attributes are the Start Position (POSS) and the End Position (POSE), because the positions of these points effectively determine the length and orientation of the wall. To provide a method for referring to individual edges and faces of a Straight Wall, each is identified by a named line running along its length. These reference lines (which are derived from the Straight Walls Profile definition in the catalogue) are called P-lines. For example, the standard P-lines for a rectangular STWALL, viewed in the Start-toEnd direction, might be positioned and named as follows: CTOW ITOW
P-line (CTOW) OTOW
Straight Wall
Profile
End Position Start Position
NA CBOW IBOW
OBOW
P-line Naming NA = Neutral Axis ITOW = Inside Top of Wall CTOW = Centre Top of Wall OTOW = Outside Top of Wall IBOW = Inside Bottom of Wall and so on
3-3
Floors and Straight Walls
Setting Default Specifications Default specifications are pointers to standard catalogue items representing the constructional specifications: For floors, the default specification defines the construction material, and the thickness or valid range of thicknesses. For walls, the default specification defines the material and cross-sectional profile. The Walls and Floors toolbar has two buttons for selecting the floors and wall default specifications:
Clicking the Set Default Wall Specification button displays the Wall Specification (Default) form:
The Specification pull-down enables the selection of the different wall types available. Each wall type may have a number of different generic types which are available via the Generic Type pulldown. Having selected the Generic Type, a list of available walls of that generic type are displayed in the window below. The required wall is selected from this list. PDMS provides examples of concrete and brick walls.
3-4
Floors and Straight Walls
Below the Specification Data area of the form, the Pline Settings lists allow the following attributes for the chosen section to be set: •
Justification determines the relative alignment of connected walls
•
Member Line determines how walls are shown in wireline views and drawings
•
Joint Line determines the position of a joint relative to an attached wall.
If the selected wall has Design Parameters, i.e. parameters than can be set by the user, then clicking the Properties button displays the Modify Properties form, which may include a drawing of the wall:
Having set the required property values, if available, then clicking the Apply button sets the default wall specification and displays the selection on the Walls and Floors toolbar.
3-5
Floors and Straight Walls
Clicking the Set Default Floor Specification button on the Walls and Floors toolbar displays the Fllor/Screed Specification (Default) form:
The Specification pull-down enables the selection of Floor Specification or Screed Specification. A list of the available floor thicknesses or range of thicknesses is displayed in the scrollable list. Selecting a thickness or range of thicknesses sets the default thickness when a floor is created, although it can be overridden at that time. Clicking the Apply button sets the default floor thickness which is displayed in the Walls and Floors toolbar:
3-6
Floors and Straight Walls
Creating Floors Selecting Create>Floor… from the main menu displays the Create Floor form:
Name Individual floors may be named explicitly or the Autoname option used Description Floors may be given a description for additional information processing or model data extraction. Thickness Where a floor specification has been selected the default thickness will appear in the Thickness text box. The default thickness may be overridden by entering a new value, however, the following message will be displayed: Clicking Yes will override the thickness value and set the FLOOR Spref attribute to Unset. Clicking No will disregard the entered thickness value and leave the Spref set to the default value.
3-7
Floors and Straight Walls
If no floor specification has been set a thickness must be entered in the Thickness text box. This value is the distance the PLOO will be extruded through. Justification A floor may be justified Top, Centre or Bottom. The justification determines which direction the PLOO will be extruded: Top
The PLOO will be extruded downwards by the panel thickness.
Centre
The PLOO will be extruded downwards by half the panel thickness and upwards by half the panel thickness.
Bottom
The PLOO will be extruded upwards by the panel thickness.
Representation As panels are not catalogue items, where Drawing Levels and Obstruction values are normally set, they may be set via the Create Panel form. The explanation of these settings is outwith the scope of this module. Create Methods Various methods of defining panel vertex positions or fillet arcs, which determine the vertex positions, are provided: Derive points from graphic picks, lets you pick a point graphically using the Positioning Control toolbar. Derive points from centres & plines, lets you construct a point using the intersection of two Plines with an existing panel. Trace boundary of another extrusion/panel, lets you create vertices which follow the shape of an existing panel. Explicitly defined position, lets you specify a position by entering explicit co-ordinates. Point offset from previous, lets specify a distance and direction which define a point relative to the position of the preceding vertex. Define arc fillet, lets you construct a fillet arc with a specified radius between two picked tangent lines.
3-8
Floors and Straight Walls
Derived arc passing through three points, lets construct a fillet arc passing through three picked points.. Fixed radius arc, passing through 2 points, lets you construct a fillet arc with a specified radius, passing through two picked points, which curves towards a picked direction.
Below the Create Methods area of the form a message displays the number of vertices that have been created for the panel loop:
As a PLOO requires a minimum of three vertices to be valid, after the definition of the first vertex the message changes to display whether the panel has been created. The Remove Previous Point button becomes active, which allows you to delete previous vertex definition. In the graphics view an aid will show the location of the first vertex, i.e. the default panel origin.
The panel will not be displayed in the graphics view until the third vertex is defined, at which time the message will change to show that the panel has been created.
As each vertex is defined an aid showing the position of the last vertex will be displayed in the graphics view.
Hints on Creating Floors • A minimum of three vertices are required to create a floor. • Panel vertices (PAVE elements) should always be created in a clockwise direction, as view from above. Anti-clockwise creation will give the wrong justification and direction. • Vertices should maintain a clockwise numbering sequence, i.e. the loop should not self intersect.
3-9
Floors and Straight Walls
• If edge cut-outs are required, it is often quicker to create the main panel and modify it for the cut-outs.
3-10
Floors and Straight Walls
Modifying Floors Having created a floor, the PLOO geometry can be modified by moving, adding and deleting vertices, edges and arcs. With the floor to be modified as the CE, selecting Modify>Floor/Screed>Definition… from the main menu displays the Loop Vertex Editor form:
Form menu Control>CE When the form is displayed, the CE name is displayed beneath the form menu. Navigating to another floor and selecting this option makes the new CE the floor being edited by the form. The new CE name is displayed on the form. Control>Close This option dismisses the form. Settings>Confirm This is a toggle option. When set On, you must click the Modify/Create button, at the bottom of the form, to implement each creation or modification. When set Off, each creation or modification is implemented immediately.
3-11
Floors and Straight Walls
Settings>Confirm on delete This is a toggle option. When set On, you must confirm each deletion before it is actioned. When set Off, deletions are implemented immediately. Settings>Tag edges This is a toggle option. When set On, each edge is tagged with the number of the vertex at its start. Note that edges are tagged automatically, regardless of this setting if the floor has incorrect geometry for any reason (e.g. zero thickness). Settings>Free rotate This is a toggle option. When set On, this option allows groups of vertices to be oriented automatically when they are positioned relative to, say, one edge and are then moved to a different edge. Utilities>Remove coincident This option deletes redundant vertices in situations where two or more vertices have the same position. Mode Selection The options in the Mode Selection area of the form enable you to select a single vertex, an edge or a group of vertices to be modified or create a new vertex: Select all, selects all vertices in the loop, so that you can modify them as a group. Select group to modify, lets you select any number of individual vertices so that you can modify them as a group. Select edge to modify, lets you pick an edge to be modified. The adjacent Edge gadget shows the current edge number (i.e. the number of the vertex at its start). Select point to modify, lets you pick a vertex to be modified. The adjacent Vertex gadget shows the current vertex number. Create points, lets you create a new vertex, which will be allocated the next number in the sequence after the current vertex.
3-12
Floors and Straight Walls
Vertex/Edge The Vertex/Edge area of the form contains a Select button and a counter that shows the current vertex or edge, depending on the mode. If you click the Select edge to modify button the counter label will change to Edge and the counter will show the current edge. The Select vertex/edge button allows you pick a vertex in the 3D View. The adjacent Vertex counter shows the current vertex number, which is also tagged in the 3D View. You can navigate to a specific vertex by typing its number in the text box or by using the up/down arrows to step through the vertex list. The Select vertex/edge button allows you pick a vertex in the 3D View. The adjacent Edge counter shows the current edge number, which is also tagged in the 3D View. You can navigate to a specific vertex by typing its number in the text box or by using the up/down arrows to step through the vertex list Group When you are modifying a group of vertices, the buttons in the Group area of the form become active. The options let you modify the current group in the following ways: Reverse group definition, reverses the group definition by implicitly renumbering all of the group vertices in the opposite sense (i.e., clockwise or anticlockwise). The origin moves to the other side of the ‘gap’. The sense of the current vertex sequence is shown by the aid arrow in the 3D View. Note that this change affects only the group’s behaviour; it does not affect the vertex numbering for the panel loop. Move start forwards, moves the ‘open-side’ of the group, and the origin, one position ‘forwards’; that is, in the sense of the vertex numbering. Move start backwards, moves the ‘open-side’ of the group, and the origin, one position backwards; that is, in the opposite sense to the vertex numbering. Expand group, expands the group area by moving each edge outwards, by the distance specified in the adjacent Expand/Contract text-box, normal to its own direction. Note that this applies to all edges, including those within cut-outs etc., so excessive expansion can lead to invalid loop geometry. Contract group, contracts the group area by moving each edge inwards, by the distance specified in the adjacent Expand/Contract text-box, normal to its own direction. Note that this applies to all edges, including those on floor protrusions etc., so excessive contraction can lead to invalid loop geometry.
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Floors and Straight Walls
Line When you are modifying an edge, the buttons in the Line area of the form become active. The options enable you to modify the current edge in the following ways: Extend start of line, moves the Start vertex along the edge direction to align it through a picked position. Use the Positioning Control options to pick the required position. Alternatively, if you pick a line, the Start vertex will be moved along the edge direction until it intersects the picked line. These operations can change the edge length. Extend end of line, moves the End vertex along the edge direction to align it through a picked position. Use the Positioning Control options to pick the required position. Alternatively, if you pick a line, the End vertex will be moved along the edge direction until it intersects the picked line. These operations can change the edge length. Make line parallel, moves the free vertex (lowercase tagging) around the reference vertex to align the edge with a picked line (another edge, a pline etc.). This operation maintains the edge length. Rotate anti-clockwise, rotates the edge anticlockwise, through the Rotate Angle specified in the adjacent text-box, about the reference end (uppercase tagging). This operation maintains the edge length. Rotate clockwise, rotates the edge clockwise, through Rotate Angle specified in the adjacent text-box, about the reference end (uppercase tagging). This operation maintains the edge length. Rotate The options in the Rotate area of the form enable you to rotate groups of vertices in the following ways: Rotate group anti-clock-wise, rotates the group anticlockwise, through the Rotate Angle specified in the adjacent text-box, about its origin. Rotate group clock-wise, rotates the group clockwise, through the Rotate Angle specified in the adjacent text box, about its origin.
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Floors and Straight Walls
Modify The Modify buttons enable you to carry out the following operations on the current selection: Insert selected, lets you move a vertex group by inserting it at a different position in the loop sequence. Use the Vertex selector to navigate to the required point in the sequence; the group will be inserted after the current vertex. Mirror, moves the current vertex, edge or group such that the new positions are derived by reflecting the original positions about a picked line (an edge, pline, etc.). Delete selection, deletes the group, edge or vertex from the loop definition. Define/Modify arc, lets you manipulate a fillet arc at the current loop vertex. When you click this button the Modify Arc form will be displayed and the Loop Vertex Editor form will become temporarily inactive.
Co-ordinates The bottom area of the Loop Vertex Editor form displays co-ordinate data about the current vertex or edge, depending on the Selection Mode, together with radius information where applicable. Vertex For a vertex the X and Y (East and North) co-ordinates, with respect to the floor origin, are displayed. There is no Z co-ordinate as the panel loop is a 2D object. The Radius text box allows you to specify a radius to be applied to the loop at that vertex. This value is applied to the Fradius attribute of the vertex and may a be positive or negative value. A value of 0, the default, will produce a ‘sharp’ corner at the vertex. A positive value will produce a convex radius at the vertex. A negative value will produce a concave radius at the vertex.
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Floors and Straight Walls
Edge For an edge the co-ordinates are given for the start or end of the edge. An aid is displayed in the 3D View showing which is the start and which is the end. By default the START will be shown in uppercase letters and the end shown in lowercase. This means that any modifications made to the currently displayed co-ordinates will affect the start only. Using the selection gadget the end of the edge may be selected, in which case the start is shown in lowercase in the graphic view and the END shown in uppercase. Modifications made will apply to the end of the edge only. It should be noted that modifying the Length in either of these cases will move the edge start or end accordingly. Selecting the Aligned option will allow both the START and the END of the edge to be modified simultaneously. Both the start and the end are shown in uppercase in the graphic view. Generally you will only be able to modify an orthogonal edge in a direction normal to the edge itself. Care should be taken when modifying a nonorthogonal edge as unexpected results may occur. Modify/Create button The context of the button at the bottom of the form will depend on the mode. In Modify mode clicking the button will change the current vertex or edge using the values in the X, Y, Radius or Length text boxes. In Create mode, i.e. when adding a new vertex, clicking the button will create a new vertex with the values displayed in the X, Y or Radius text-boxes. Moving the Floor Origin When creating a floor the Origin will be placed at the first vertex by default and the XY co-ordinates of all other vertices in the floor relate to this position. Selecting Position>Floor/Screed Origin from the main menu and selecting a different vertex when prompted enables you to use a different vertex in the PLOO as the floor origin. When you redefine the origin in this way, the coordinates of all vertices owned by the current PLOO are recalculated relative to the new origin such that their positions in the design model remain unchanged.
Modifying Floor Thickness and Justification Thickness Although the panel thickness is set during creation it can be modified at any time. With the panel you wish to modify as the CE, selecting Modify>Floor/Screed>Thickness… from the main menu displays the Panel Thickness form:
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Floors and Straight Walls
Entering a value in the text box and clicking the Apply button modifies the floor thickness. If the floor has a fixed thickness specification set, the following message will be displayed and the thickness textbox will be greyed out:
Justification Although the justification is set during floor creation it can be modified at any time. With the panel you wish to modify as the CE, selecting Modify>Floor/Screed>Justification… from the main menu displays the Set Justification form:
Selecting Bottom, Centre or Top from the Justification list and clicking the Apply button modifies the floor justification. The in/out checkbox enables you to set the direction relative to the plane used to justify the floor as shown in the following diagram:
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Floors and Straight Walls
Creating Straight Walls Having made the CWALL on the appropriate level the CE and set the Default Wall Specification, selecting Create>Wall>Straight… from the main menu displays the Straight Wall form:
String Method On the Straight Wall form, the method by which the STWALL elements will be created can be specified by clicking one of the three option buttons. Single – Start and End Points are individually defined for each STWALL.
Continuous – Start point of subsequent STWALLs is the end point of previous.
Radial – Start position for subsequent STWALLs is the same as first.
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Floors and Straight Walls
Create Option Initially, when the Straight Wall form is displayed, there is only one active button under Create Option to define the start of the section explicitly, which is the only practical option at this stage:
You can use this button to define the start of the STWALL explicitly, i.e. by entering X, Y and Z co-ordinates. It should be noted that the start position of the STWALL may also be defined by other options under Create Option or by the Positioning Control toolbar if the context is right, for example there is a least one existing STWALL. These options are explained later. Clicking the Explicit button displays the Define straight wall start form:
The required East (X), North (Y) and Up (Z) co-ordinates may now be entered and the Start position will be shown in the graphical view. The default wrt World, meaning ‘with respect to the World’, defines the co-ordinate system by which the position is specified. Clicking OK on the Define straight wall start form confirms the entered coordinates and changes the Creation Option display by activating the other three buttons:
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Floors and Straight Walls
The end position of the STWALL may now be defined by using any of the buttons. Clicking the Explicit button again will display the Define straight wall end form which is used in exactly the same way as the Define straight wall start form:
Clicking the Direction & Distance button will display a different Define straight wall end form:
A direction, with respect to the World or other co-ordinate system, is entered together with the required distance from the section start position. As the distance is entered and return pressed the End position will be shown in the graphical view and an aid line drawn from the start position to the end position. Clicking the Perpendicular From button prompts to pick a straight wall to derive the end position from. Clicking the Perpendicular To button prompts to pick a straight wall to derive the end position to.
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Verification
The Verification section of the Straight Wall form contains a Confirm check box that allows you to check the position of each new STWALL before it is added to the database. If the Confirm box is checked the Accept and Reject buttons become active to accept or reject the STWALL creation in the displayed location. The Redefine Start button may be clicked at any time during section creation to start the definition of the section again. When an STWALL is created, PDMS automatically creates a Primary Node (PNOD) at each end of the wall, positioned on the Justification Line. The PNOD owns a Primary Joint (PJOI) that is also automatically created. Where the start or end of a second or subsequent STWALL would require the creation of another PNOD at the exact position of an existing PNOD, PDMS does not create the additional PNOD but creates another PJOI, owned by the existing PNOD. Thus a PNOD may own two or more PJOIs. Each PJOI has a Connection Reference (Cref) attribute that points to STWALL element to which it is connected. Each STWALL has two attributes, Joistart and Joiend, which point at the appropriate PJOI, completing the circular referencing and maintaining the connectivity of the elements.
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Floors and Straight Walls
Boundary Tracing The Walls and Floors application provides the facility to create walls around the boundary of a floor. After making the required floor the CE, selecting Create>Trace Boundary… from the main menu displays the Boundary Tracing form:
The pull-down in the Trace area of the form enables the selection of Walls, Floor or Screed. The Boundary and Elevation text boxes in the Offsets area of the form enable an offset to be entered by which the created entities, in this case Walls, will be offset from the floor edges. The Mitre Walls checkbox determines whether the ends of the walls will be mitred together, i.e. the Drnstart and Drend attributes will be set for each wall when created. Clicking the Apply button creates walls (floor or screed) around the boundary edges of the floor, using the default wall specification. The alignment of the walls relative to the floor panel is determined by the Justification settings for the walls and for the floors. If the Justification Pline for Walls was set to OBOW (Outside Bottom of Wall) and the Justification Plane for the Floor set to Top, the combined effect is to position the outside bottom edge of each wall along the corresponding top edge of the floor panel:
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Floors and Straight Walls
Top face of Floor
OBOW pline for wall
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Floors and Straight Walls
Modifying Straight Walls As STWALL elements are soft types of Sections (SCTN) they may be modified using the same, or similar, functionality to that of Sections. Selecting Modify>Wall from the main menu offers a sub-menu containing the following choices: Specification… This option displays the displays the Wall Specification form which enables all settings for the straight wall, including the type, to be modified:
Definition… This option displays the Modify STWALL form which enables:
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Floors and Straight Walls
•
Position, i.e. Start, Centre or End, to be modified explicitly with respect to any co-ordinate system
•
Length to be modified by entering a new value in the text box.
•
Direction to be specified.
•
End Direction to be specified, i.e. maintain current settings or set perpendicular to extrusion direction.
Justification… This option displays the Wall Justification form which enables: •
A justification Pline to be selected graphically by clicking the Justification button and selecting a Pline.
•
A justification Pline to be selected from the pull-down.
•
Any attached walls to be re-trimmed by toggling the Re-trim attached wall checkbox on.
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Floors and Straight Walls
Member Line… This option displays the Wall Member Line form which modifies the Member Line using the same functionality described for Justification above.
Joint Line… This option displays Joint Line form which modifies the Member Line using the same functionality described for Justification above.
Split… This option displays the Split Walls form which enables a wall, or list of walls, to be split on another element, or list of elements.
Splice… This option displays the Splice Wall on Plane form which enables an STWALL to be spliced at a specified plane. 3-26
Floors and Straight Walls
Merge… This option displays the Merge Walls form which enables one or more walls to be merged into a ‘master’ wall. Each wall to be merged must lie in the same plane as the ‘master’ wall and a single wall, with the attributes of the ‘master’ wall, will be formed.
Cut Plane… This option displays the Section Cut Plane form which enables the a direction for Start or End cut plane to be specified.
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Floors and Straight Walls
Mitre Ends This option prompts for the identification of a pair of wall ends to be mitred. Effectively the cut planes are reset such that the walls are mitred. The two walls may have any included angle.
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Floors and Straight Walls
Exercise 3 Creating a Floor You will start the building by creating a rectangular floor, which you will later modify. To set out the floor plan of your building by picking positions graphically, you will define a horizontal working grid for use as a reference aid. •
Select Utilities>Working Plane from the main menu to display the Working Plane form. Select Define>Linear Grid from the form menu to display the Working Plane - Linear Grid form • set Spacing X to 5000 • set Spacing Y to 5000 • set Number of Visible Lines to 10 • leave Position and Orientation settings at their defaults • toggle the Detail checkbox on This will create a horizontal grid, with its centre at the World origin, its Y axis pointing North and its X axis pointing East. Click the OK button on the Working Plane - Linear Grid form.
•
On the Working Plane form: • toggle the Active checkbox on • toggle the Visible checkbox on • set the Working Grid Snap radio button on
Select Control>Close from the Working Plane form menu.
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Floors and Straight Walls
. •
Set the Default Floor Specification to the range 201 TO 2000 and leave the thickness set to 201.
•
In Design Explorer, make the CFLOOR 1 element of Building_01_LEVEL_01_FLOORS_01 the CE.
•
Select Create>Floor… from the main menu to display the Create Floor form. • Select Autoname • Set Thickness to 500 • Set Justification to Top (this enables you to position walls and so on, relative to the upper surface of the floor panel) • Leave the Representation set to Predefined: Default. Levels and Obstruction affect the way items are shown in graphical views; the defaults are adequate for this exercise. • Click the
button.
• Set the Positioning Control form to Aid/Snap. To position Vertex 1, pick a point at or near the intersection of the grid lines (X 5, Y 4). The picked position is labelled Origin in the 3D View. Define the positions of the other three vertices, as shown in the diagram below: Y
4
Vertex 1
Vertex 2
3
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
2
4
X
-1 -2 -3
Vertex 4
-4
Vertex 3
-5
•
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In Design Explorer, note that you have created a FLOOR, a PLOO and four PAVEs, below the CFLOOR.
Floors and Straight Walls
Modifying the floor panel geometry In the next part of the exercise, you will modify the shape of the floor panel by adding to, and moving, the vertices which define its edges. •
Make the FLOOR element the CE. Select Modify>Floor/Screed>Definition… from the main menu to display the Loop Vertex Editor form. Look at the Settings menu on the Loop Vertex Editor form and make sure that both Confirm (on creation) and Confirm on delete are on.
•
First, you will create a new vertex at (X 5, Y 0) labelled Vertex 3 in the diagram below.
Vertex 2
Vertex 1
Vertex 3 Vertex 4
Vertex 6
Vertex 5
Set the current vertex to 2 and in the Mode Selection area of the Loop Vertex Editor form, click the Create points button. Rather than using the working grid, you will define the position as the midpoint of the edge of the panel between Vertex 2 and Vertex 3. On the Positioning Control form, set Pick Type to Graphics and Pick Method to Mid-Point. Position the cursor over the floor panel, hold down the left-hand mouse button, and move the pointer: notice how the cursor changes its shape to a sloping line when it is over a panel edge. Pick any point on the required edge: the New vertex label will move to the mid-point of the edge and the Vertex: Position data at the bottom of the form will show the position relative to the Floor origin. Click the Create button to confirm the creation of the new vertex (now labelled Vertex 3, and now the current vertex). •
You will next move Vertex 4 from (X 5, Y -4) to (X 1, Y 0) on the working grid. In the Mode Selection area, click the Select point to modify button. When prompted to Pick Vertex, pick the vertex which you want to move, namely Vertex 4. 3-31
Floors and Straight Walls
Reset the Positioning Control form options to Aid/Snap ready to pick the intersection point on the working grid. So that you can more easily see the working grid at the required position, switch the displayed model from colour-shaded mode to wireline mode by pressing the F8 key. The floor panel is now shown simply as a rectangular outline. Pick the grid intersection at (X 1, Y 0) to define the new position and then click the Modify button to confirm the move. Finally, create a new vertex (Vertex 5) at (X 1, Y -4) on the working grid to give the floor shape shown in the diagram above. Revert to colour-shaded display mode by pressing the F8 key. Select Control>Close to dismiss the Loop Vertex Editor form.
Creating the external walls The next step is to create the external walls by tracing around the floor panel, so that a Straight Wall element is created automatically for each of the floor edges. •
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Set the Default Wall Specification to Concrete Walls and select the Variable_thk_wall. •
set the Justification and Member line to OBOW.
•
set (or leave) the Joint line to NA.
•
click the Properties button and on the Modify Properties form set the Thickness to 250 and the Height to 4000.
Floors and Straight Walls
•
Make sure that Building_01_LEVEL_01 is still selected, so that the walls created in the next part of the exercise will be stored correctly. Make sure that the FLOOR is the CE and then select Create>Trace Boundary… from the main menu to display the Boundary Tracing form. On the form: •
set the Trace FLOOR boundary with option to Walls.
•
set (or leave) both the Offsets, Boundary and Elevation, settings to 0.00.
•
toggle the Mitre Walls checkbox on.
Click Apply to create the walls. When they have been created click Yes on the Alert box to confirm the wall creation.
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Floors and Straight Walls
•
Note in Design Explorer that six STWALL elements and six PNODs have been created in the specified storage area for Walls, namely below the CWALL element for Building_01_LEVEL_01.
Adding internal walls The external walls were created by letting the application do all of the necessary operations automatically to suit the existing floor. The internal walls will be added explicitly. •
Deactivate the working grid by selecting Utilities>Working Plane… to display the Working Plane form and toggle the Active checkbox off (the Visible toggle is off automatically when the plane is not active).
The first internal wall will be added in the following position, i.e. with the start position at Vertex 4 of the FLOOR:
•
Select Create>Wall>Straight…from the main menu to display the Straight Wall form. Set Positioning Control to Pick Type: Element and Pick Method: Snap Pick the wall joining Vertex 4 and Vertex 5 (this will be referred to as Wall 4–5): pick close to Vertex 4. A Start label appears in the graphical view. Click the Perpendicular To button on the Straight Wall form and select Wall 6-1 near to the centre and bottom of the wall. The new internal wall is created Dismiss the Straight Wall form and note that the new wall is represented by a seventh STWALL element under the CWALL storage area (the new wall is actually STWALL 1 in the list).
•
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Zoom in close to the start of the new wall at Vertex 4 and note that the internal wall is not correctly aligned with the outer wall (Wall 3–4).
Floors and Straight Walls
Make the internal wall the CE and select Modify>Wall>Justification… from the main menu to display the Wall Justification form. Set the Justification to IBOW and note the wall change as you click the Apply button. Alternatively, selecting Orientate>Flip>Wall from the main menu would achieve the same result without changing the justification. •
Using a similar procedure, create a second internal wall starting at Vertex 4 and running North to abut (Wall 1–2) as shown below:
•
Your model should now look like this:
•
Savework.
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Session
4
Wall and Floor Fittings In this session you will create and modify standard wall and floor fittings.
Objectives At the end of this session you will able to: •
Create standard wall fittings.
•
Modify standard wall fittings.
•
Create standard floor fittings.
•
Modify standard floor fittings.
Must Know Points By the end of this session you will be able to explain: •
How to create and position standard wall and floor fittings.
•
How to modify standard wall and floor fittings.
4-1
Wall and Floor Fittings
Wall Fittings Wall fittings are, essentially, section fittings and, as such, are catalogue items, defined in Paragon, and are referenced in Design by FITT elements owned by STWALL elements. Selecting Create>Wall Fitting>Standard… from the main menu displays the Wall Fittings form:
The Specification Data fields of the form let you browse the catalogue database to select a specific fitting for inclusion in the design. Their use involves a ‘question-andanswer’ sequence to navigate down through the selection hierarchy until a unique component is specified.
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Wall and Floor Fittings
The Specification pull-down enables the overall category of catalogue items, e.g. Standard Door, Standard Window, Electrical Fittings, etc. to be selected. The Reload option lets you update the selector to show any catalogue changes made during your current PDMS session. The Current Selection list (initially empty) shows the current level of selection detail, while the lower list (whose title changes to reflect its content) shows the options available from the current level. Select an item from the lower list to move down to the next selection level, repeating this process until you have fully specified a component. When you reach this stage, the title of the (empty) lower list will say Selection complete and the Current Selection list will show all details of the selected item. The Properties button, which was greyed out during the selection process, is now active so that you can confirm the selection. Clicking this button displays the Modify properties form, if applicable, enabling relevant parameters to be set for the selected fitting.
If the No Selection checkbox is toggled On, the selection lists will become inoperative. This lets you create a fitting without a specification; for example, when you simply want to add an arbitrary fitting for positioning purposes, or when you want to create a compound fitting which will own specific sub-fittings. If the Default checkbox is toggled On, only the default choice (if there is one) will be available for selection in the lower list for each level. If the Auto checkbox is toggled On, selection will be made automatically when there is only one available choice at any particular level. If both Default and Auto are toggled On, the default choice will be selected automatically for each level and (if all levels have a default set) an overall default fitting will be selected. The Positioning fields on the form enable the current fitting to be positioned within its owning wall. The Dist offset from pull-down enables the selection of Inside of Wall or Outside of Wall to specify which face of the wall is to be used as the positioning plane. Entering a distance in the adjacent text-box, specifies the distance from the fitting's origin to the specified face. (The faces of the current wall are labelled in the 3D view
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Wall and Floor Fittings
to confirm the wall’s orientation. A positive offset is measured away from the wall; a negative offset is measured into the wall.) The Dist along wall text-box enables the distance at which the fitting is to be positioned along the wall’s neutral axis, measured from the start of the wall, to be specified. The value entered in the Elevation text-box, is the elevation from the origin of the element shown in the wrt text box, at which the fitting will be placed. This is typically the CE or the Structure representing the current building level.) Note: As an alternative to entering Dist along wall and/or Elevation, click the Explicit button and position the fitting with the Positioning Control toolbar. A picked position will update these two values, unless the Lock checkbox is toggled on for either one. The Sub-Fitting Orientation fields on the form enable the orientation of a subcompound fitting relative to its owning compound fitting. (These fields are only operative when the current element is a sub-fitting.) Sub-Fitting Direction (‘Z’) specifies the direction of the Z-axis of the fitting. Rotation Angle (‘Z’ axis) specifies the angle of rotation of the fitting about its Z-axis (its beta angle). When all parts of the form are completed, clicking the Apply button implements the current settings.
Modifying a Wall Fitting With the wall fitting (FITT element) to be modified set as the CE, selecting Modify>Wall Fitting… from the main menu displays the Wall Fittings form. This is the same form used to create the wall fitting, however, the pull-down at the top left of the form is set to Modify CE. Any required changes can be made via this form, including re-selection of the fitting. This is achieved by clicking on an entry in the Current Selection pane, which effectively de-selects the entries from that level and below. Re-selection can then be made by clicking the required item in the lower pane.
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Wall and Floor Fittings
Creating a Floor Fitting Wall fittings are, essentially, panel fittings and, as such, are catalogue items, defined in Paragon, and are referenced in Design by PFIT elements owned by FLOOR elements. Selecting Create>Floor Fitting>Standard… from the main menu displays the Floor Fittings form:
The Specification Data fields of the form let you browse the catalogue database to select a specific fitting for inclusion in the design. Their use involves a ‘question-andanswer’ sequence to navigate down through the selection hierarchy until a unique component is specified.
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Wall and Floor Fittings
The Specification pull-down enables the overall category of catalogue items, e.g. Floor Fittings to be selected. The Reload option lets you update the selector to show any catalogue changes made during your current PDMS session. The Current Selection list (initially empty) shows the current level of selection detail, while the lower list (whose title changes to reflect its content) shows the options available from the current level. Select an item from the lower list to move down to the next selection level, repeating this process until you have fully specified a component. When you reach this stage, the title of the (empty) lower list will say Selection complete and the Current Selection list will show all details of the selected item. The Properties button, which was greyed out during the selection process, is now active so that you can confirm the selection. Clicking this button displays the Modify properties form, if applicable, enabling relevant parameters to be set for the selected fitting.
If the No Selection checkbox is toggled On, the selection lists will become inoperative. This lets you create a fitting without a specification; for example, when you simply want to add an arbitrary fitting for positioning purposes, or when you want to create a compound fitting which will own specific sub-fittings. If the Default checkbox is toggled On, only the default choice (if there is one) will be available for selection in the lower list for each level. If the Auto checkbox is toggled On, selection will be made automatically when there is only one available choice at any particular level. If both Default and Auto are toggled On, the default choice will be selected automatically for each level and (if all levels have a default set) an overall default fitting will be selected. The Positioning fields on the form enable the current fitting to be positioned within its owning floor. The Reference Datum pull-down enables the floor plane to be used as the datum for positioning the fitting to be specified and the orientation of the fitting relative to this plane to be set.
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Wall and Floor Fittings
The X Position and Y Position text-boxes enable the coordinates of the fitting's origin relative to its owner's origin to be specified. The Orientation fields on the form enable the orientation of a single or compound fitting relative to its owning panel, or a sub-compound fitting relative to its owning compound fitting. Sub-Fitting Direction (‘Z’) specifies the direction of the Z-axis of the fitting. Rotation Angle (‘Z’ axis) specifies the angle of rotation of the fitting about its Z-axis (its beta angle).
Modifying a Wall Fitting With the floor fitting (PFIT element) to be modified set as the CE, selecting Modify>Floor Fitting… from the main menu displays the Floor Fittings form. This is the same form used to create the floor fitting, however, the pull-down at the top left of the form is set to Modify CE. Any required changes can be made via this form, including re-selection of the fitting. This is achieved by clicking on an entry in the Current Selection pane, which effectively de-selects the entries from that level and below. Re-selection can then be made by clicking the required item in the lower pane
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Wall and Floor Fittings
Exercise 4 In this exercise you will complete the basic building design by inserting some doors and windows into the walls which you have created so far. They will be positioned as follows:
1. Navigate to (Wall 5–6) and select Create>Wall Fitting>Standard… from the main men to display the Wall Fittings form. Select Standard Door form the Specification pull-down From the Door Type list, click on “ANY” Doors for any wall (this is the only option at this stage). Notice how this selection is copied to the Current Selection list, while the lower list now shows four Sub Type options. Select External Escape Door. Now select in turn: • “EE-D” Double Door • “EE-DOO-NS” Opening outwards (no step) • “1710” 1710mm Wide • 2045 EE-DOO-NS/1710x2045 Note that the lower list title now says Selection complete and that this list is now empty. The Current Selection list shows the fully-specified door:
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Wall and Floor Fittings
2. Before you create the door, you will specify its position both along the wall and within the wall thickness. The door will be positioned at the mid-point of the wall. In the Positioning area of the form, click the Explicit button and set the Positioning Control to Element/ Mid-Point and pick (Wall 5–6). The Dist along wall setting displays 15000 (always measured from the wall start) and the Elevation 0.0. The wrt field shows the datum from which this elevation is referenced, in this case the wall which will own the fitting. Note how the Inside/Outside of Wall labels in the 3D View have moved to the current position. Set the Dist offset from option to Outside of Wall and leave the offset at the default of 0.0. This positions the fitting flush with the outer face of the wall; you will adjust this to inset the door into the wall in the next operation. Click the Properties button to display the Modify Properties form which lets you set those parameters which do not have fixed values in the catalogue definition. Set Inset from wall face to 50 (this adjusts the position within the wall thickness) and set Open Angle to 45 (this defines how the door will be shown open in the 3D View). Click OK on the Modify Properties form, then Apply on the Wall Fittings form to create the door. 3. Navigate to the North/South internal wall and re-select Create Standard on the Wall Fittings form to reset the form for the next door. Insert a standard single door in the centre of this wall (internal door 1 in the diagram above). Remember that the face of the wall from which this door is to open is the inside face so the full specification will be: • Door Type – Doors for any wall • SubType – Internal Standard Door • Single/Double – Single Door • Inwards/Outwards –Left hinged, opening outwards, (no step) • Width – 900mm Wide • Height – IS-SLO-NS/900x2045 Note: The Positioning: Dist offset from option should be set to Inside of wall and the inward/outward opening is therefore defined relative to the inside face; that is, you must select an outward opening door to make it open towards the inside face of the wall. The concepts of inside and outside applied to an internal wall simply refer to the catalogue profile definitions as viewed in the wall start to end direction. 4. Insert another standard single door, this time at the centre of the internal wall running East/West (internal door 2 in the diagram above). Note: The Specification Data and Properties are already correct (retained from the previous door), so you only need to set the Positioning for this door.
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Wall and Floor Fittings
5. Navigate to (Wall 5–6) again and insert a window approximately midway between the double door and Vertex 6. On the Wall Fittings form change Specification Data to Standard Window, select any type of opening window you like and set Dist offset from to Outside of Wall. To pick the position, click the Explicit button, set the Positioning Control to Element/Fraction, and enter 4 in the text-box next to the Fraction option. This means that the fitting will be position at the nearest quarter subdivision of the wall length. Pick the position on the wall close to the required window position. Enter the Elevation as 2000, so that the lower edge of the window frame (one end of which is defined as its origin in the catalogue) is halfway up the wall. Check the appearance of the window in the 3D View and use the Modify CE option on the Wall Fittings form if you want to change it in any way. 6. Insert the next window in (Wall 6–1), midway between Vertex 1 and the end of the internal wall. 7. To complete Level 01, insert a window midway along (Wall 3–4), plus other windows elsewhere if you want to experiment with the positioning options. Your design should look like this:
8. Save work.
4-10
Session
5
Modifying the Building Layout and Adding Additional Storeys In this session you will modify the building layout by extending the Level 01 floor and adjust the external walls to suit before adding two additional storeys to the building.
Objectives At the end of this session you will able to: •
Modify the layout of the building
•
Adjust the length of Straight Walls
•
Add additional storeys to the building.
Must Know Points By the end of this module you will be able to explain: •
How to modify the shape of a floor.
•
How to extend walls and maintain connectivity.
•
The importance of Building Level data.
5-1
Modifying the Building Layout and Adding Additional Storeys
Exercise 5 Moving a Straight Wall 1. Wall 2–3 is to be moved eastwards to increase the length of the room by 2000 mm:
To maintain correct connectivity, the nodes, and hence the joints, at the wall ends must be repositioned as the wall is moved. The Explicit Positioning facility allows us to do this. 2. Make Wall 2-3 the CE and select Position>Explicitly (AT)… from the main menu to display the Explicit Position form:
Set the Datum to Centre, via the pull-down, so that the wall can be repositioned in a single operation. To move the nodes at the wall ends simultaneously, ensure that the Settings>Move attached node(s) option on form menu is set to On (shown by a tick). Increase the East coordinate for the wall by 2000, i.e. from 25000 to 27000, and click the Apply button to move all of the required elements. 5-2
Modifying the Building Layout and Adding Additional Storeys
3. You will now extend the Wall 1-2 and Wall 3-4 so that they meet Wall 2-3 again. You will do this by trimming them automatically, so that their new lengths are derived from the positions of the primary joints to which they are connected. Select Connect>Trim>Wall End from the main menu and you will be prompted to Identify section/wall end to be trimmed. Pick the East end of Wall 1-2 and Wall 3-4 in turn, note that the wall end is identified by a text aid, and then press the Esc key. Wall 1-2 and Wall 3-4 will be extended as required.
Extending the Floor 4. The Level 01 floor needs to be extended suit the new wall layout. Navigate to the Floor and select Modify>Floor/ Screed>Definition… to display the Loop Vertex Editor form. In the Mode Selection area, click on the Select edge to modify button. As prompted, pick a point on the floor panel near the edge which is to be moved towards the new wall position. Note that the area at the bottom of the form is now entitled Edge. Set the pull-down in this area to Aligned (you are going to align the edge through a picked position) and set Positioning Control form to Graphics/Snap and pick the outside surface of Wall 2-3. The new panel edge position will be shown along the outer bottom edge of Wall 2-3.When you have positioned it correctly, click the Modify button to extend the floor.
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Modifying the Building Layout and Adding Additional Storeys
Adding a floor and walls at Level 02 Before you begin to create the design elements representing the second level of the building, the current storage areas for walls and floors to the appropriate part of the hierarchy. 5. Select Settings>Storage Areas… from the main menu to display the Building Levels form and select Level Building_01_LEVEL_02, at Elevation 4000, in the upper list. Although the elevation for this level is 4000, the top of the next floor panel needs to be set above this elevation by the thickness of the floor, so that the bottom of the floor rests on the tops of the walls on Level 01. To achieve this, set the Offset on the Building Levels form to 200, which will be the thickness of the intermediate floors. Future positioning operations at this level, such as when you create internal walls resting on the new floor, will use this offset elevation (at 4200) as the datum. Note how changing the current level creates and activates a working plane at this level automatically. 6. Click the Set Default Floor/Screed Specification button on the Walls and Floors toolbar to display the Floor/Screed Specification (Default) form. Select Floor Specification and select 200.00. Note how the Thickness text-box is now greyed out, since the thickness is predefined by the specification. 7. You will create a floor on top of your existing walls by tracing the outline of the existing floor panel. Make the Building_01_LEVEL_01 floor the CE and select Create>Trace Boundary… from the main menu to display the Boundary Tracing form. In the Trace area of the form set the FLOOR boundary with option to Floor. The elevation of the new floor needs to be expressed with respect to Building_01_LEVEL_02: Note that in the Offsets area of the form the wrt textbox is set to Building_01_LEVEL_02, derived from the current storage level setting and the Elevation setting is set to 200, derived from the offset currently specified for this storage level. You will make the new floor slightly smaller than the Building_01_LEVEL_01 floor, so that its edges come within the wall thickness. To inset each edge by 100 mm, set Boundary to –100.
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Modifying the Building Layout and Adding Additional Storeys
Click the Apply button to create the new floor. Do not dismiss the Boundary Tracing form: you will use it again to create the Building_01_LEVEL_02 outer walls. The result you require is as follows:
8. You will now add the outer walls for Building_01_LEVEL_02. These will be aligned vertically with, and directly on top of, the Building_01_LEVEL_01 walls. On the Boundary Tracing form select FLOOR boundary with to Walls and set Mitre Walls to On.
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Modifying the Building Layout and Adding Additional Storeys
To achieve the correct vertical alignment for the new walls, you can either trace the Building_01_LEVEL_01 floor with Offset Boundary set to 0 or trace the Building_01_LEVEL_02 floor with Offset Boundary set 100. Navigate to the appropriate floor and reselect the CE option to refresh the form data. To achieve the correct elevation for the bottoms of the walls, so that they rest directly on top of the Building_01_LEVEL_01 walls, change the Elevation from 200 to 0. When the graphical aids are correctly positioned, click the Apply on the Boundary Tracing form and, if the walls are as intended, confirm the creation. 9. Change the view direction to look North, switch to wireline mode by pressing the F8 key, and zoom in close to the westernmost walls to make sure that they match the diagram above. Switch back to colour-shaded mode. 10. Create internal walls for the new floor level, positioning them directly above those at Building_01_LEVEL_01 . The Building_01_LEVEL_02 internal walls must be only 3800 high, since they will rest on top of the Building_01_LEVEL_02 floor (see diagram), so reset the Default Wall Specification to achieve this. Check and, if necessary, correct the wall alignments and connectivity. 11. Add some windows and internal doors for Building_01_LEVEL_02. Your model should now look like this:
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Modifying the Building Layout and Adding Additional Storeys
Adding a Floor and Roof at Level 03 12. Using the principles described above, add a 200mm thick floor for Building_01_LEVEL_03, inset by 100mm as before. You can use either of the existing floors as the basis for tracing, however, you must adjust the Offset Boundary setting to suit the one you choose. 13. Add outer (4000 high) and inner (3800 high) walls, adjusting the Offset Boundary and Offset Elevation settings as necessary. Add doors and windows for Building_01_LEVEL_03, as for Building_01_LEVEL_02. 14. Finally, add a 200mm thick flat roof panel on top of, and extending 200mm past the outer faces of, the uppermost walls. Use the Building_01_LEVEL_03 storage area for the roof, adjusting the Offset Elevation and Offset Boundary settings to give the correct position. 15. Look North, change to wireline mode, and zoom in to check the elevations and boundaries of all floors and the roof. If you have got the roof elevation wrong, use the Position>Relatively (BY) menu option to move it up or down by the required distance.
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Modifying the Building Layout and Adding Additional Storeys
Creating an Stairwell You have so far created three separate building levels with no means of access between them. Next you will insert a stairwell, using a Negative Extrusion, in floors at Level 02 and Level 03, via which the building levels can be interconnected vertically. The stairwell is to be positioned as follows:
16. As negative extrusion can only represent a hole through its owning panel, you must create a separate negative extrusion for each floor. You will first insert a hole through the Building_01_LEVEL_03 floor (at 8000 elevation). Remove the Roof, Wall 3-4 and Wall 4-5 (at Level 03) from the Draw List and make the floor at Level 03 the CE. Select Create>Negative Extrusion… from the main menu to display the Create Negative Extrusion form. In the Settings area of the form click the Surface button and pick the top surface of the Level 03 floor panel. Set Hole depth to 225 to ensure the hole negates the full depth of the floor. 17. The first vertex (and origin) of the negative extrusion needs to be positioned at the internal corner near Vertex 4 of the floor panel. Go to wire-frame mode and zoom in close to the tops of the Level 02 walls near this position. In the Create Methods area of the form click the Create from Graphic picks button and set the Positioning Control form to Graphics/Snap. Select the internal edge of one of the walls on Level 02 to create the first vertex. Since the dimensions of the stairwell are predefined, you will use these to derive the positions of the other negative extrusion vertices. Click the Point offset from previous button to display the Define Vertex form and enter Direction N wrt /*and Distance 4200 to create the second vertex. Repeat this procedure,
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Modifying the Building Layout and Adding Additional Storeys
changing the Direction and Distance appropriately, to create the third and fourth vertices defining the negative extrusion outline, as shown in the diagram above. When all four vertices are correctly positioned, click the OK button on the Create Negative Extrusion form to complete the operation. 18. Create a second negative extrusion, penetrating the Building_01_LEVEL_02 floor immediately below the hole in Level 03. 19. To complete the stairwell, add walls to enclose the open sides of the negative extrusions, allowing a clearance to create suitable landing areas, and insert doors to give access from each floor level:
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Session
6
User Defined Walls and Ring Walls User-defined walls, as the name implies, are walls that follow a shape defined by the User and are not catalogue based. Ring walls are arc or full circular walls.
Objectives At the end of this session, you will able to: •
Create a User-defined wall.
•
Modify a User-defined wall.
•
Create a Ring wall.
•
Modify a Ring Wall.
Must Know Points By the end of this session you will be able to explain: •
The difference between a GWALL and an STWALL.
•
The importance of justification when the joint or fitting is created.
•
How to copy a joint specification from section end to section end.
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User Defined Walls and Ring Walls
Creating User Defined Walls User Defined walls are a soft type of the PANE element where the Panel Loop (PLOO) describes the plan shape of the wall and the panel thickness is the height of the wall. A User Defined wall is a General Wall (GWALL) element. User Defined walls are generally used where the shape of the wall cannot be described by a Straight Wall or a Ring Wall. Selecting Create>Wall>User Defined… from the main menu displays the Create User Defined Wall form:
The options and functionality of this form are exactly the same as the Create Floor form described in Session 3 or Create Panel form described in M6 Basic Steelwork Design.
Modifying User Defined Walls As GWALLs are essentially panels, they are modified using the Vertex Loop Editor form. Selecting Modify>Wall>Definition… displays the Loop Vertex Editor form. The options and functionality are exactly the same as modifying a Panel (PANE) described in M6 Basic Steelwork Design.
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User Defined Walls and Ring Walls
Creating Ring Walls Ring walls are a soft type of the GENSEC element and may be arcs or full circle, as with a standard GENSEC, and the same restrictions regarding fittings and joints apply A Ring Wall is a WALL element. Selecting Create>Wall>Ring… from the main menu displays the Ring Wall form:
The options and functionality of this form are exactly the same as the Ring Section form described in M6 Basic Steelwork Design.
Modifying a Ring Wall As WALLs are essentially GENSECs, they are modified in the same way. Selecting Modify>Wall>Definition… displays the Modify Wall (Ring) form:
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User Defined Walls and Ring Walls
The options and functionality are exactly the same as modifying a GENSEC described in M18 Advanced Steelwork Design.
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User Defined Walls and Ring Walls
Exercise 6 In this exercise you will create an internal ‘shaped’ wall and a semi circular extension on Level 01. 1. Clear the Draw List of all wall and floor elements and ensure the original building layout grid is displayed. In the North West quarter of the building layout grid, create a Linear Grid with 250mm X and Y spacing and 10 visible lines in the centre of one of the 5000mm grids.
2. On the Western edge of the building layout grid create a Radial Grid with diameters of 5000, 10000 and 15000 and radial lines every 30°. Position the radial grid as shown below:
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User Defined Walls and Ring Walls
3.
Make sure that Building_01_LEVEL_01 is selected on the Building Levels form and select Create>Wall>User Defined… from the main menu to display the Create User Defined Wall form. Set the Height to 4000 and Justification to Bottom. Using the 250mm linear grid create a WALL with the following shape
Before clicking the OK button, toggle the Display modification form checkbox On to display the Loop Vertex Editor form. 4. Modify the external corner vertices of the wall to each have a 500mm radius and the internal vertices of the wall to have a 250mm radius:
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User Defined Walls and Ring Walls
5. Select Create>Wall>Ring… from the main menu to display the Ring Wall form. Using the radial grid create a semi-circular wall, 200mm thick and 4000mm high, with a radius of 7500mm on the outside of the building:
6. Create a 500mm thick floor beneath the semi-circular wall:
7. Create a 200mm thick flat roof for the extension. Although this is at the same level as Level 02 it should be part of the Level_01 hierarchy. 8. Finally, split Wall 1-2 and trim back to the opening of the semi-circular extension.
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User Defined Walls and Ring Walls
9. Savework.
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