Pcmso Via Tur

February 9, 2023 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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>4>> T^KG^JCJ BF MKOR^KAF CFBLMK F ]JVBF KMVTJMLKOJA (TMC]K)  (TMC]K) 

UljRur Rrjospkrtf f Rurlsck Flrfal 5/6/>4>>

 

4

 

MKOR^KA F CFBLMK F T^KG^JCJ BF MKOR^KAF ]JVBF KMVTJMLKOJA ( TMC]K)

BJBK] BJ FCT^F]J ]kmlja8   ^jzík ]kmlja8

UljRur Rrjospkrtf f Rurlsck.

MOJF8  MOJF8 

]frvlçk bf Rrjospkrtf bf pjssjgflrks  ” akmjçík bf jutkcývflsmkc jutkcývflsmkc cktkrlstj. 2: ” 2:  = -4:  ” =

^lsmk8   Grju bf ^lsmk8



MOTH8   MOTH8

4=.2405 / 444: -6:.

Jtlvlbjbf8  ^jck bf Jtlvlbjbf8 

Rfafekof8 Rfafekof8   Tfsskj rfspkosêvfa8  rfspkosêvfa8 

(57) =4>= Aulz Efrojobk  Efrojobk 

BJBK] BK] T^KEL]]LKOJL] ^F]TKO]ÊUFL]

Okcf8   Okcf8 Fobfrfçk8   Fobfrfçk8

∜ 9 ∜  ∜  ∜  ∜  ∜  ∜  ∜  :

HJCJA CK@JCFB ]JAFC ^VJ8 Fbujrbk ]jotks Tfrflrj, =>< mfotrk.MFT8 mfotrk.MFT8 7->6:

Mlbjbf8   Mlbjbf8

Grjobf  Mjcpk Grjobf 

M^C/^ZF8 M^C/^ZF8  

:776-::>6 :776-::>6  

Trkelsslkoja8  Trkelsslkoja8 

Cìblmk bkRrjnja`k - F-cjla8 F-cjla8  brHjcjaaD`ktcjla.mkc

   

MKOR^KA F CFBLMK F T^KG^JCJ BF MKOR^KAF ]JVBF KMVTJMLKOJA ( TMC]K) ∜  ∜  ∜ 

F]R^VRV^J BJ FCT^F]J G@F ” G@F  ” Grupk  Grupk @kckgèofk bf Fxpkslçík

Euoçík

MNK

]ftkr

Ztbf

2::4 - :4

Jbclolstrjtlvk

4:

:2>2 - 4:

Jbclolstrjtlvk

4:

6>:: - :6

Jbclolstrjtlvk

4:

:2>: - 46

Jbclolstrjtlvk

4:

G@F ” G@F  ” 42  42 ”  ” Kelmloj  Kelmloj / Cjoutfoçík

Ajvjbkr bf Ufãmuaks Cktkrlstj bf Òolnus Cfmîolmk Euolaflrk

6:= - :4 7>62 - :6

 ”  ” G@F  46G@F  Alcpfzj f Mkosfrvjçík G@F ”  ” 45  45 ”  ” Erktj  Erktj Rktja bf Fcprfgjbks8

]frvlçks Juxlaljr bf Gfrjls Mkotrkaf 6>

6:2= -- :6 >6 =

Alcpfzj 4: Mkotrkaf bf Erktj 4: Mloqñfotj f Bkls

Jsslstfotf Jbclolstrjtlvk ]upfrvlskr bf Mkcprjs Gfstkr bf Êrfj Gfrfotf Jbclolstrjtlvk

G@F - 4: ” Jbclolstrjtlvk

G@F ” 4> G@F ”  4> ”  Fstjmlkojcfotk  ” Fstjmlkojcfotk G@F ” G@F  4= ”  Rrjospkrtf / Akmjçík  ” 4=  ” Rrjospkrtf

:.  K N H FR LU K ]   •

  Mucprlr ks blspksltlvks prfmkolzjbks pfaj okrcj rfguajcfotjbkrj O^- 47 f bfcjls prfmfltks afgjls.   Trkckçík f prfsfrvjçík bj sjøbf bk mkohuotk bks trjnja`jbkrfs.



  Mjrêtfr bf prfvfoçík, rjstrfjcfotk f bljgoýstlmk prfmkmf bks jgrjvks ä sjøbf rfajmlkojbks



jk trjnja`k fmkostjtjçík bj fxlstèomlj bf mjsks bf bkfoçjs prkelsslkojls ku bjoks lrrfvfrsãvfls ä sjøbf bks trjnja`jbkrfs.

>.  ^ F]T K O ]J N L A LB J B F]   Mkcpftf jk fcprfgjbkr gjrjotlr j fajnkrjçík f feftlvj lcpajotjçík bk TMC]K mustfjobk sfc òous pjrj kfcprfgjbk tkbks tkbks ks sfus prkmfblcfotks.

=.  O K ^ C J]   F  T ^K MF B LC F O RK ]  G F ^J L ] 

>

 

MKOR^KA F CFBLMK F T^KG^JCJ BF MKOR^KAF ]JVBF KMVTJMLKOJA ( TMC]K)

=.:. K s fx j cf s cì b l m k s k n r l g j t ý r l k s m k cp ö f c -s f b k s s f g u l o t f sl t f o s •

  Jojcofsf, `lstýrlmk kmupjmlkoja f malolmk9



  Jefrlçík bks slojls vltjls8 prfssík jrtfrlja, tfcpfrjturj f puask9



  Jusmuatj mjrbãjmj f puackojr9



  Tfsk f jaturj9



  Jmulbjbf vlsuja8 pfrtk, akogf, mkrfs9



  Fxjcfs mkcpafcfotjrfs bf jmkrbk mkc ofmfsslbjbf f euoçík bfsfcpfo`jbj.

= . > F xj c f s J bc l ss l k oj l s    Rkbks ks mjoblbjtks j mjrgks bfotrk bj fcprfsj bfvfrík rfjalzjr ks fxjcfs maãolmks



jotfs bf jssuclrfcqujaqufr jtlvlbjbf.   Mjoblbjtks j mjrgks bf mkcputjçík f/ ku blgltjçík bfvfrík ejzfr ucj vfrlelmjçík



rlgkrksj bfjotfmfbfotfs bf BK^R (Blstørnlks Kstfkcusmuajrfs ^fajmlkojbks jk Rrjnja`k).   Bfcjls fxjcfs mkcpafcfotjrfs sfrík skalmltjbks bf jmkrbk mkc ofmfsslbjbf bj



euoçík f jvjaljçíkcfblmj. jvjaljçíkcfblmj.

=.= =.=

F xj c f s Tf r l ý bl mk s  •

  Fxjcf maãolmk jouja pjrj tkbks ks euomlkoêrlks bf jmkrbk mkc js euoçöfs fxfrmlbjs.



  ]fcfstrjacfotf pjrj euomlkoêrlks quf trjnja`fc fc êrfjs losjaunrfs.   Tjrj euomlkoêrlks fxpkstks j rlsmks ku sltujçöfs bf trjnja`k quf lcpalqufc, ok



bfsfomjbfjcfotk ku jgrjvjcfotk bf bkfoçjs kmupjmlkojls ku jlobj pjrj ks pkrtjbkrfs bf bkfoçjs mròolmjs, ks fxjcfs maãolmks bfvfrík sfr rfpftlbks mkc lotfrvjaks cfokrfs, bf jmkrbk mkc ofmfsslbjbf f/ ku j mrltìrlk bk cìblmk rfspkosêvfa ku oktlelmjçík pfak cìblmk jgfotf bj lospfçík bk trjnja`k.   Ks fxjcfs mkcpafcfotjrfs bfvfrík sfr rfjalzjbks bf jmkrbk mkc j euoçík, jtlvlbjbf



fxfrmlbj f/ ku rlsmks fxlstfotfs, bfpfobfobk jlobj bj jvjaljçík maãolmj rfjalzjbj pfak cìblmk rfspkosêvfa fc mjsk bf suspfltj bf afsík lbfotlelmjbj ok euomlkoêrlk pkr kmjslík bks fxjcfs pfrlýblmks. =

 

MKOR^KA F CFBLMK F T^KG^JCJ BF MKOR^KAF ]JVBF KMVTJMLKOJA ( TMC]K) 2 

.

F xj c f s B f c l ss l k oj l s    K fxjcf Bfclsslkoja sfrê knrlgjtýrlk pjrj tkbks f qujlsqufr euomlkoêrlks j



sfrfc bfsalgjbks bj fcprfsj, jtì j bjtj bj `kckakgjçík, bfsbf quf k øatlck fxjcf cìblmk kmupjmlkoja tfo`j slbk rfjalzjbk j cjls bf okvfotj bljs.   K fxjcf Bfclsslkoja bfvfrê mkostjtjr knrlgjtkrljcfotf bk fxjcf maãolmk bf



jmkrbk mkc j ofmfsslbjbf ku suspfltj maãolmj. K cìblmk rfspkosêvfa pkbfrê skalmltjr fxjcfs mkcpafcfotj mkcpafcfotjrfs. rfs.

2.  =.6  F xj c f  b f   C ubj oçj bf   E uoçí k    ]frík suncftlbks j fstfs fxjcfs tkbks ks trjnja`jbkrfs quf vfo`jc j skerfr



jatfrjçöfs bf euoçík f/ kubf ku bf sftkr ok trjnja`k quf lcpalquf fc ckblelmjçöfs bks rlsmks jks qujls ks trjnja`jbkrfs fstlvfrfc fxpkstks prfvljcfotf. •

  K fxjcf cìblmk pjrj j cubjoçj bf euoçík sfrê knrlgjtkrljcfotf rfjalzjbk jotfs bj bjtj bj cubjoçj.   K fxjcf maãolmk sfrê sfcprf knrlgjtýrlk, pkrìc ks fxjcfs mkcpafcfotjrfs sfrík rfjalzjbks bf jmkrbk mkc j ofmfsslbjbf bj okvj euoçík f/ ku jvjaljçík maãolmj bk cìblmk bk trjnja`k.



=.5 

F xj c f bf   ^ftk rok j k  Rrj nja `k     Bfvfrê sfr rfjalzjbk knrlgjtkrljcfotf ok prlcflrk blj bj vkatj jk trjnja`k bk



euomlkoêrlk jusfotf pkr pfrãkbk lguja ku supfrlkr j trlotj bljs, pkr cktlvk bf bkfoçj, pjrtk ku jmlbfotf bf ojturfzj kmupjmlkoja ku oík. Knsfrvjçík8 Zujobk bj rfjalzjçík bks fxjcfs jmlcj fspfmlelmjbks k cìblmk bk trjnja`k fcltlrê k Jtfstjbk bf ]jøbf Kmupjmlkoja J]K  ” fc bujs vljs. J prlcflrj vlj elmjrê jrqulvjbj ok akmja bf trjnja`k bk euomlkoêrlk j blspkslçík bj elsmjalzjçík bk trjnja`k9 j sfguobj vlj sfrê fotrfguf jk trjnja`jbkr cfbljotf rfmlnk ok prýprlk J]K.

=.7 

F xj c f s j u bl ò c ft rk s  tk ojl s   



Bfvfrík sfr rfjalzjbks pjrj trjnja`jbkrfs fxpkstks j ruãbks jmlcj bf 06

bfmlnìls, ku j mrltìrlkcìblmk. mrltìrlkcìblmk.

2

 

MKOR^KA F CFBLMK F T^KG^JCJ BF MKOR^KAF ]JVBF KMVTJMLKOJA ( TMC]K)

=.0   

Mjc pjo `js bf ] jøbf

Jpýs uc fstubk prìvlk, bfvfrík sfr bfsfomjbfjbjs mjcpjo`js bf sjøbf mkc knhftlvks bf fsmajrfmfr f krlfotjr ks trjnja`jbkrfs.

Rfcjs sugfrlbks.   Mkosmlfotlzjçík mkrpkrja  ” pksturjs f ckvlcfotks jbfqujbks bk mkrpk ok trjnja`k, ▨  Mkotrkaf bf tjnjglsck, ▨  Mkotrkaf bf jamkkalsck, ▨  Bljnftfs, ▨  Bkfoçjs sfxujacfotf trjosclssãvfls  ” B]Rs, ▨  @lpfrtfosík jrtfrlja f bkfoçjs mjrblkvjsmuajrfs,





  ▨  ▨  ▨  ▨  ▨  ▨ 

Lcuolzjçík jotltftîolmj f Jotljcjrãalmj,Trfvfoçík bf bkfoçjs kmupjmlkojls, Trlcflrks skmkrrks, ^uãbks, uclbjbf, bkfoçjs bj pfaf, ]fgurjoçj ok trjnja`k, ]trfss, Rfrjpljs ajnkrjls pjrj k jcnlfotf bf trjnja`k, Kutrks sf ofmfssêrlk

=.:2, bf 0 bf  huo`k bf :4 bNJ)9 Auvj fc Nkrrjm`j oltrãalmj mjok akogk9



jvfotja bf TUM9 Nktj bfNkrrjm`j bf Nkrrjm`j Mjok Akogk9 Ýmuaks bf b f ]fgurjoçj Lomkakr9 cêsmjrj rfsplrjtýrlj mkotrj pjrtãmuajs TEE>.  Tjrj trjnja`ks jmlcj bf 4> Cftrks mkc rlsmk bf qufbj ekrofmfr f fxfmutjr



trflojcfotks pjrj utlalzjçík bk mlotk bf sfgurjoçj tlpk pjrjqufblstj mkc tjajnjrtf bupak f mjpjmftf bf sfgurjoçj mkcmlotj mkcmlotj huguajr.

-  G@F G@F ”  4= ”  R^JO]TK^RF / AKMJÇÍK  ” 4=  ” R^JO]TK^RF

ÒOLNV]8 Blrlglr òolnus, mkoefrlr js mkoblçöfs bf -  EVOÇÍK8 CKRK^L]RJ BF ÒOLNV]8 cjoutfoçík, cjotfr kòolnus kòolnus krgjolzjbk, rfmfpmlkojr f krlfotjr ks pjssjgflrks. JORFMLTJÇÍK F ^FMKO@FMLCFORK BK] ^L]MK] JCNLFORJL] - FZVLTJCFORK BF T^KRFÇÍK LOBLULBVJA8

  Volekrcf Tjbrík9 (Mjclsj)9 Nktloj bf ]fgurjoçj.



- G@F ” G@F ” 42  42 ”  ” KELMLOJ  KELMLOJ / CJOVRFOÇÍK. CJOVRFOÇÍK.

- EVOÇÍK8 CFMÎOLMK8 CFMÎOLMK8 Ejzfr cjoutfoçík cfmîolmj, trkmj bf pfçjs, rfvlsík, aunrlelmjçík f trkmj bf ýafk bfòolnus bf òolnus

:4

 

MKOR^KA F CFBLMK F T^KG^JCJ BF MKOR^KAF ]JVBF KMVTJMLKOJA ( TMC]K) JORFMLTJÇÍK F ^FMKO@FMLCFORK BK] ^L]MK] JCNLFORJL]

^L]MK] BF JMLBFORF]8 JMLBFORF]8 Zufbj bf cfsck f/ku blefrfotf oãvfa, trkpfçks, fsmkrrfgík, mkrtfs, auxjçík, erjt erjturjs, urjs, fsmk fsmkrljçöfs, rljçöfs, fotkrs fotkrsfs, fs, mkotusík f lcpjmtks  ”  mkotrjs fc mjnfçjs, cfcnrks loefrlkrfs f supfrlkrfs,lrrltjçík, supfrlkrfs,lrrltjçík, quflcjburjs bf pfaf f/ku prkhfçík bf prkbutks quãclmks oks ka`ks. F^GKOÒCLMK]8 Tksturj Lojbfqujbj9 Afvjotjcfotk f Mjrrfgjcfotk Cjouja bf Tfsk, Fsekrçk Eãslmk. EÃ]LMK]8 ^VÃBK ^VÃBK88 Ekotf Gfrjbkrj8 Gfrjbkrj8 Tjrjeusjbflrj pofucêtlmj, eurjbflrj f fscfrla. ^JBLÇÍK ” OÍK  ” LKOLXJORF]8 Ekotf Gfrjbkrj8 ]kabj Faìtrlmj. ULN^JÇÍK8 Ekotf Gfrjbkrj8 Gfrjbkrj8 Vtlalzjçík bj Tjrjeusjbflrj pofucêtlmj. ZVÃCLMK]8 Mkotjtk mkc ýafk aunrlelmjotf, blfsfa f grjxj. - Ekotf Gfrjbkrj8 Cjoutfoçík cfmîolmj, trkmj bf ýafk, aunrlelmjçík f jnjstfmlcfotk. Eucks Cftêalmks8 Ekotf Gfrjbkrj8 Jtlvlbjbfs mkc j ]kabj faìtrlmj. FZVLTJCFORK BF T^KRFÇÍK LOBLULBVJA8  Volekrcf Tjbrík9 (Hjafmk Cjogj Akogj f Mjaçj fc tfmlbk)9 Trktftkr Jurlmuajr Rlpk Mkom`j



(>4 bNJ)9 Trktftkr Ejmlja bf ]fgurjoçj pjrj skabj mkc afotf :>, Auvj bf Ujquftj9 Jvfotja bf ^jspj9 Cjogktf bf ^jspj9 Auvj Oltrãalmj ku mrfcf bf prktfçík9 Nktloj bf ]fgurjoçj9 Ýmuaks bf ]fgurjoçj Lom Lomkakr9 kakr9 cêsmjrj rfsplrjtýrlj rfsplrjtýrlj mkotrj vjpkrfs krgîolmks krgîolmks99 cêsmjrj rfsplrjtýrlj mkotrjpjrtãmuajs mkotrjpjrtãmuajs TEE>.  Tjrj trjnja`ks jmlcj bf 4> Cftrks mkc rlsmk bf qufbj ekrofmfr f fxfmutjr trflojcfotks trflojcfotks



pjrj utlalzjçík bk mlotk bf sfgurjoçj tlpk pjrjqufblstj mkc tjajnjrtf bupak f mjpjmftf bf sfgurjoçj mkcmlotj mkcmlotj huguajr.

G@F  ” 42  ” KELMLOJ / CJOVRFOÇÍK.

EVOÇÍK8 EVOLAFL^K8 EVOLAFL^K8 Ejzfr ploturj fxtfroj, lotfroj f bjs rkbjs bks òolnus, elxjr njomks skatks bks òolnus, ejzfr j elxjçík f trkmj bks mlotks bf sfgurjoçj bks òolnus, ejzfr j trkmj bks vlbrks f bks rftrkvlskrfs bks òolnus, ejzfr j cjoutfoçík mkrrftlvj f prfvfotlvj bks òolnus. JORFMLTJÇÍK F ^FMKO@FMLCFORK BK] ^L]MK] JCNLFORJL] 

^L]MK] BF JMLBFORF]8 JMLBFORF]8 Zufbj bf cfsck f/ku blefrfotf oãvfa, trkpfçks, fsmkrrfgík, mkrtfs, auxjçík, erjturjs, fsmkrljçöfs, fotkrsfs, mkotusík f lcpjmtks ” mkotrjs oj mjnfçj, ::

 

MKOR^KA F CFBLMK F T^KG^JCJ BF MKOR^KAF ]JVBF KMVTJMLKOJA ( TMC]K) cfcnrks loefrlkrfs f supfrlkrfs, lrrltjçík, quflcjburjs bf pfaf f/ku prkhfçík bf prkbutks quãclmks oks ka`ks. F^GKOÒCLMK]8 Tksturj Lojbfqujbj9 Lojbfqujbj9 Afvjotjc Afvjotjcfotk fotk f Mjrrfgjcfotk Mjrrfgjcfotk Cjouja bf Tfsk, Fsekrçk Eãslmk. EÃ]LMK]8 ^VÃBK] ^VÃBK]88 Ekotf Gfrjbkrj8 Gfrjbkrj8 Alxjbflrj, eurjbflrj f plstkaj bf jr. ^JBLÇÍK  ”  OÍK  ”  LKOLXJORF]8 Ekotf Gfrjbkrj8 ]kabj Faìtrlmj. ZVÃCLMK]8 Tkflrjs cftêalmjs f bf rfslojs. Ekotf Gfrjbkrj8 Fscfrla`jcfot Fscfrla`jcfotk k f alxjcfotk bf tlotjs, cjssjs f ajtjrljs. Ujpkrfs f oìvkjs bf tlotj fscjatf slotìtlmk mkotfobk skavfotfs jrkcêtlmks8Ekotf jrkcêtlmks8Ekotf Gfrjbkrj8 Tloturj mkc plstkaj bf jr. Eucks Cftêalmks8 Cftêalmks8 Ekotf Gfrjbkrj8 Jtlvlbjbfs mkc skabj faìtrlmj. FZVLTJCFORK BF T^KRFÇÍK LOBLULBVJA8

  Volekrcf Tjbrík9 (Hjafmk Cjogj Akogj f Mjaçj fc tfmlbk)9 Trktftkr Jurlmuajr Rlpk Mkom`j



(>4 bNJ)9 Trktftkr Ejmlja bf ]fgurjoçj pjrj skabj mkc afotf :>, Auvj bf Ujquftj9 Jvfotja bf ^jspj9 Cjogktf bf ^jspj9 Auvj Oltrãalmj ku mrfcf bf prktfçík9 Nktloj bf ]fgurjoçj mkc nlmk bf jçk9 Ýmuaks bf ]fgurjoçj Lomkakr9 Auvj bf prktfçík mkotrj vlnrjçík9 cêsmjrj rfsplrjtýrlj mkotrj vjpkrfs krgîolmks9 cêsmjrj rfsplrjtýrlj mkotrj pjrtãmuajs TEE>.   Tjrj trjnja`ks jmlcj bf 4> Cftrks mkc rlsmk bf qufbj ekrofmfr f fxfmutjr trflojcfotks



pjrj utlalzjçík bk mlotk bf sfgurjoçj tlpk pjrjqufblstj mkc tjajnjrtf bupak f mjpjmftf bf sfgurjoçj mkc mlotj huguajr. G@F ” G@F  ” 46  46 ”  ” ALCTFXJ  ALCTFXJ / MKO]F^UJÇÍK.

EVOÇÍK8]F^ULÇK] EVOÇÍK8]F^ULÇ K] GF^JL] GF^JL]88 Alcpjr f krgjolzjr sjajs f njo`flrks bj fcprfsj, alcpjr cývfls,  hjofajs hjofajs f pkrtjs f bujs vf vfzfs zfs jk blj prfpjr prfpjrjc jc mjeì f m`ê m`ê.. JORFMLTJÇÍK F ^FMKO@FMLCFORK BK] ^L]MK] JCNLFORJL]

^L]MK] BF JMLBFORF]8 JMLBFORF]8 Zufbj bf cfsck f/ku blefrfotf oãvfa, (plsk cka`jbk)9 trkpfçks, fsmkrrfgík, mkrtfs, auxjçík, erjturjs, fsmkrljçöfs, fotkrsfs, mkotusík f lcpjmtks  ”  mkotrjs oj mjnfçj, cfcnrks loefrlkrfs f supfrlkrfs, lrrltjçík, quflcjburjs bf pfaf

f/ku prkhfçík bfprkbutks bfprkbutks quãclmks oks ka`ks. :>

 

MKOR^KA F CFBLMK F T^KG^JCJ BF MKOR^KAF ]JVBF KMVTJMLKOJA ( TMC]K) F^GKOÒCLMK]8 Tksturj Lojbfqujbj9 Afvjotjcfotk f Mjrrfgjcfotk Cjouja bf Tfsk, Fsekrçk Eãslmk. EÃ]LMK]8 VCLBJBF VCLBJBF88 Ekotf Gfrjbkrj8 Gfrjbkrj8 Mkotjtk mkc êguj. ZVÃCLMK]8 Trkbutks bf Alcpfzj fc gfrja. Ekotf Gfrjbkrj8 Mkotjtk mkc bkclssjoltêrlks. NLKAÝGLMK]8 Jgfotfs Nlkaýglmks loefmmlksks f loefmtkmkotjglks loefmtkmkotjglksks. ks. Ekotf Gfrjbkrj8 Alcpfzj fc njo`flrks f sjoltêrlks. FZVLTJCFORK BF T^KRFÇÍK LOBLULBVJA8

Volekrcf Tjbrík9 (Mjclsftj Cjogj Akogj f Mjaçj fc tfmlbk)9 Auvj Oltrãalmj Mjok Akogk9 Nktloj bf ]fgurjoçj mkc nlquflrj bf TUM9 Ýmuaks bf ]fgurjoçj Lomkakr9 Cêsmjrj rfsplrjtýrlj mkotrj pjrtãmuajs TEE>9 Nktj bf Nkrrjm`j Mjok Akogk.

G@F ” 45 ” E^KRJ.

EVOÇÍK8JVPLALJ^ EVOÇÍK8JVPLALJ ^ BF MKOR^KAF MKOR^KAF88 Mkotrkajr ks losucks bj erktj bf òolnus f rfjalzjr jnjstfmlcfotk jnjstfmlcfot k bks òolnus mkc ýafk blfsfa. JORFMLTJÇÍK F ^FMKO@FMLCFORK BK] ^L]MK] JCNLFORJL]

^L]MK] BF JMLBFORF]8 JMLBFORF]8 Zufbj bf cfsck f/ku blefrfotf oãvfa, trkpfçks, fsmkrrfgík, mkrtfs, auxjçík, erjturjs, fsmkrljçöfs, fotkrsfs, mkotusík f lcpjmtks  ”  mkotrjs oj mjnfçj, cfcnrks loefrlkrfs loefrlkrfs f supfrlkrfs, supfrlkrfs, lrrltjçík, prkhfçík bf prkbutks quãclm quãclmks ks oks ka`ks. F^GKOÒCLMK]8 Tksturj Lojbfqujbj9 Afvjotjcfotk f Mjrrfgjcfotk Cjouja bf Tfsk, Fsekrçk Eãslmk. ZVÃCLMK]8 Trkbutk Loeajcêvfa / Zuãclmk (Ýafk blfsfa). Ekotf Gfrjbkrj8 Mkotjtk mkc ýafk blfsfa burjotf k jnjstfmlcfotk bks òolnus. FZVLTJCFORK BF T^KRFÇÍK LOBLULBVJA8

Volekrcf Tjbrík9 (Mjclsftj Cjogj Akogj f Mjaçj fc tfmlbk)9 Auvj Oltrãalmj Mjok Akogk ku mrfcf bf sfgurjoçj pjrj prktfçík bj pfaf 9 Nktloj bf ]fgurjoçj mkc nlquflrj bf TUM9 Ýmuaks bf ]fgurjoçj Lomkakr9 Cêsmjrj ^fsplrjtýrlj pjrj vjpkrfs krgîolmks. 

:=

 

MKOR^KA F CFBLMK F T^KG^JCJ BF MKOR^KAF ]JVBF KMVTJMLKOJA ( TMC]K)  

KVR^J] ]LRVJÇÖF] BF ^L]MK BF JMLBFORF] Fc tkbjs js jtlvlbjbfs bj fcprfsj, fxlstf mkostjotfcfotf k rlsmk bf kutrks tlpks bf

jmlbfotfs, oík fspfmlelmjbjs oks ltfos jotfrlkrfs. ]ík sltujçöfs lcprfvlstjs fc quf pkbfc kmkrrfr efrlcfotks, mkotusöfs f slclajrfs, fc euoçík bf mkoblçöfs ku jtks losfgurks ok fxfrmãmlk bjs blvfrsjs jtlvlbjbfs. Rjotk k ]F]CR mkck j MLTJ tfc trjnja`jbk ok sfotlbk bf jotfvfr tjls sltujçöfs bf rlsmk quf, okrcjacfotf sík jnkrbjbjs ojs rfuolöfs bj Mkclssík Lotfroj bf Trfvfoçík bf Jmlbfotfs f fc trflojcfotks rfjalzjbks bf ckbk j clolclzjr clolclzjr js mkoblçöfs losfgurjs. Jk akogk bks joks ekrjc rfjalzjbks rfjalzjbks trjnja`ks bf cfa`krljs, jbjptjobk-js js okrcjs vlgfotfs. Js jtlvlbjbfs bfsfovkavlbjs oj fcprfsj bf trjospkrtf trjospkrtf f akmjçík bf vfãmuaks pkssul jgfotf jgfotf bf rlsmk mkoslbfrjbk bf grju très,  hê quf sltujçöfs lofrfotfs ä prýprlj jtlvlbjbf fxfmutjbj oj cloj pkbfc mrljr mkoblçöfs ejvkrêvfls j jmlbfotfs bf ojturfzj grjvf. FPJCF] CÌBLMK] JBCL]]LKOJL]

Ks knhftlvks pjrj j rfjalzjçík bk fxjcf cìblmk jbclsslkoja sík8 Fstjnfafmfr loekrcjçöfs cìblmjs pjrj euturj rfefrèomlj. Bftfrclojr j jptlbík f js rfstrlçöfs bk mjoblbjtk, njsfjbk oj jvjaljçík cìblmj f fxjcfs mkcpafcfotjrfs, mkcpafcfotjrfs, pjrj fxfmutjr js jtlvlbjbfs fssfomljls bfucj bftfrclojbj euoçík, jotfs bk cfsck jssuclr sujs euoçöfs. Ks sfgulotfs bkmucfotks oj jvjaljçík cìblmj jbclsslkoja sík mkoslbfrjbks mkck uc cãolck ofmfssêrlk8  @lstýrlmk bf sjøbf,j sfr prffom`lbk pfak mjoblbjtk, usjobk k ckbfak fspfmlelmk



mkotfobkbjbks gfrjls sknrf suj sjøbf. mkotfobkbjbks  @lstýrlmk bf ]jøbf jblmlkoja,sf k Cìblmk bkRrjnja`k huagjr ofmfssêrlk.  Fxjcf cìblmk eãslmk,j sfr rfjalzjbk pfak cìblmk bk trjnja`k rfspkosêvfa.

• •

LOEK^CJÇÖF] JK MJOBLBJRK ]KN^F ^L]MK] KMVTJMLKOJL] Ä ]JØBF

J fcprfsj bfvfrê loekrcjr jk mjoblbjtk,jotf mjoblbjtk,jotfss bfaf jssuclr suj euoçík,bks rlsmks kmupjmlkojls ä sjøbf fxlstfotfs pjrj jqufaj euoçík fspfmãelmj j quf faf fstê sf mjoblbjtjobk. K ]frvlçk bf Cfblmloj Kmupjmlkoja bfvf fsmajrfmfr,huotk jk mjoblbjtk/rfmìc mkotrjtjbk,pkrkmjslík mkotrjtjbk,pkrkm jslík bk fxjcf cìblmk jbclsslkoja, f mkosuatjobk k bkmucfotk :2

 

MKOR^KA F CFBLMK F T^KG^JCJ BF MKOR^KAF ]JVBF KMVTJMLKOJA ( TMC]K) jtujalzjbk ‑Tfrela Trkelsslkgrêelmk– fspfmãelmk pjrj jqufaj euoçík quf faf vjl fxfmutjr, js fvfotujlsbøvlbjs fvfotujlsbøvlbjs sknrf ks pktfomljls rlsmks kmupjmlkojls ä sjøbf loekrcjbks oj fotrfvlstj mkc jsupfrvlsík jsupfrvlsík bj êrfj. Bfvf tjcnìc8 Mkoslbfrjr, oj rfjalzjçík bk fxjcf cìblmk jbclsslkoja, fvfotujls alcltjçöfs bk mjoblbjtk erfotf jks rlsmks kmupjmlkojls bf sjøbf bfelolbj ok bkmucfotk jtujalzjbk ‑Tfrela Trkelsslkgrêelmk–, quf ekl fovljbk pfaj @lglfof Kmupjmlkoja Fstjnfafmfr prkgrjcjs bf vlglaîomljcìblmj jbfqujbj jks rlsmks kmupjmlkojls loekrcjbks Fstjnfafmfr pfak sftkr bfsjubf bfsjubf f cfblmloj bk trjnja`k. - Loekrcjr k mjoblbjtk/rfmìcmkotrjtjbk mjoblbjtk/rfmìcmkotrjtjbk quja j pfrlkblmlbjbf f qujls ks fxjcfs quf

sfrík knrlgjtkrljcfotf pkstks fc prêtlmj pjrj j feftlvjçík bks prkgrjcjs bf vlglaîomlj cìblmj f j elojalbjbf bks cfscks. Loekrcjr jk mjoblbjtk sknrf ks rfsuatjbks bf tkbks ks fxjcfs rfjalzjbks f fvfotujls alcltjçöfs fomkotrjbjs pjrj k fxfrmãmlk bj euoçík pjrj jquja faf fstê sf mjoblbjtjobk,ekrofmfobk mjoblbjtjobk,ekrofmfobk ucj mýplj bks fxjcfs, mkoekrcf fstjnfafmf j afglsajçík vlgfotf

BKMVCFORK] J ]F^FC T^FFOM@LBK ]F FCLRLBK] TFAK CÌBLMK BK R^JNJA@K8

Elm`j bf Jbclssík,oks mjcpks ä faf bfstlojbks9 jsslojr. Elm`j bf Fvkauçík Maãolmj,fc mjsks bf joktjçöfs jblmlkojls ofmfssêrljs. J.].K.3 Jtfstjbk bf ]jøbf Kmupjmlkoja, bfvlbjcfotf prffom`lbk f fc = vljs(ucj vljs(ucj pjrj k ^@, kutrj pjrj k mjoblbjtk f j øatlcj pjrj k jrqulvk cìblmk). BKMVCFORK] J ]F^FC ALBK],T^FFOM@LBK] ALBK],T^FFOM@LBK] F/KV J]]LOJBK] TFAK MJOBLBJRK8





 Elm`j bf Jbclssík.  Zufstlkoêrlk Jblmlkoja bf ]jøbf(jmrltìrlk cìblmk)



 J]K



 Bfmajrjçík bf quf ekl loekrcjbk sknrf ks rlsmks pktfomljls rfefrfotfs ä euoçík quf vjl

fxfmutjr.

FPJCF CÌBLMK TF^LÝBLMK

Ks fxjcfs cìblmks pfrlýblmks bfvfrík sfgulr k mrkokgrjcj fspfmãelmk f jtfobfr j pfrlkblmlbjbf fstjnfafml fstjnfafmlbj. bj.

:6

 

MKOR^KA F CFBLMK F T^KG^JCJ BF MKOR^KAF ]JVBF KMVTJMLKOJA ( TMC]K) FPJCF CÌBLMK BF CVBJOÇJ BF ^L]MK

Mjnfrê jk sfrvlçk cìblmk rfjalzjr k fxjcf cìblmk bf cubjoçj bf rlsmk jotfs bf kmkrrfr ucj cubjoçj bf j tlvlbjbf, pkstk bf trjnja`k ku bf sftkr, bfsbf quf fssj cubjoçj lcpalquf fc fxpkslçík jrlsmks jrlsmks blefrfotfs jks quf fxlstljc ok akmja bf trjnja`k jotfrlkr. Mjnfrê jk rfspkosêvfa bj fcprfsj jvlsjr jk sfrvlçkcìblmk bjs cubjoçjs bf rlsmks quf kmkrrfrfc ok sfu qujbrk bf euomlkoêrlks. Jk sfrvlçk cìblmk mjnfrê bfelolr, fotík, sknrf j ofmfsslbjbf bfstf fxjcf. Keuomlkoêrlk/mjoblbjtk Keuomlkoêrlk/mjobl bjtk pkbf sfr mkoslbfrjbk LOJTRK ä suj okvj euoçík pkr mrltìrlks cìblmk-kmupjmlkojls. cìblmkkmupjmlkojls. Js jvjaljçöfs pjrj jbfqujçík bf euoçík bfvfc sfr rfjalzjbjs pjrj j) 

Jvjaljr sf fxlstf jagucj rfstrlçík cìblmj äfxpkslçík bk mjoblbjtk ku euomlkoêrlks jksrlsmks jksrlsmks bj okvj kmupjçík  n)  Bftfmtjr jgrjvks bf sjøbf bf uc euomlkoêrlk quf pkbfrík jeftjr suj mjpjmlbjbf bfbfsfcpfo`jr bfbfsfcpfo`jr euoçöfs fssfomljls bf uc trjnja`k fspfmãelmk. m) 

Loekrcjr j uc euomlkoêrlk sknrf js mkomausöfs f blsmussöfs bf pajoks bf cfa`krljpjrj js alcltjçöfs euomlkojls fomkotrjbjs, cfa`krljpjrj b)  Kntfr,bk prfstjbkr bf sfrvlçks cìblmks,ucj kplolík sknrfk pajok bf cfa`krlj euomlkoja, f)  Loekrcjr jk pfsskja bf supfrvlsíkjs rfstrlçöfs bf trjnja`kr fafvjotfs f jmkckbjçöfsrfmkcfobjbjs, jmkckbjçöfs rfmkcfobjbjs, e)  Tajofhjr js njsfs pjrj j blsmussík fotrf kpfsskja bf supfrvlsík,^@,pfsskja cìblmk feuomlkoêrlk feuomlkoêrlk g)  Loekrcjrjk pfsskja bf Trlcflrks ]kmkrrks f ]fgurjoçj sf j mkoblçík bf sjøbf bf uc euomlkoêrlk pkbfr pkbfr f qufrfr trjtjcfotk trjtjcfotk bffcf bffcfrgèomlj rgèomlj ku sfrê ofmfssêrlk prkmfblcfotks fspfmãelmks fspfmãelmks fc mjsks bf fvjmujçík bf fcfrgèomlj.

FPJCF CÌBLMK BF ^FRK^OK JK R^JNJA@K

Mjnfrê jk ]frvlçk Cìblmk rfjalzjr k fxjcf cìblmk bf ^ftkrok ä euoçík ä tkbks euomlkoêrlks quf sf jusfotjrfc pkr uc pfrãkbk lguja ku supfrlkr ä =4 bljs pkr cktlvks bf bkfoçj ku jmlbfotf, bfojturfzj kmupjmlkoja ku oík, ku pjrtk. Fssf Fxjcf Cìblmk bfvfrê sfrrfjalzjbk knrlgjtkrljcfotf ok prlcflrk blj bf rftkrok jk trjnja`k bk euomlkoêrlk. Mjnfrê jk ]frvlçk bf Tfsskja mkotrkajr jqufafs euomlkoêrlks quf sf foqujbrjc oj sltujçík jmlcj, pjrj quf sfhjc jvjaljbks pfak ]frvlçk Cìblmk JORF] bf rftkrojrfc jktrjnja`k,mkovkmjobk-kspjrj jktrjnja`k,mkovkmj obk-kspjrj k fxjcf. K knhftlvkbfssfs knhftlv kbfssfs fxjcfs ì8 ▨

 Jssfgurjr k rftkrok kpkrtuok f j prkprljbk jk trjnja`k bf euomlkoêrlk sfc rfmupfrjçík 



:5

 Ejmlaltjr Ejmlaltjr k cjls jatk oãvfa bf euoçík vkmjmlkoja, 

 

MKOR^KA F CFBLMK F T^KG^JCJ BF MKOR^KAF ]JVBF KMVTJMLKOJA ( TMC]K)  Jvjaljr js mkoblçöfs bj sjøbf eãslmj f cfotja, pjrj jhubjr j gjrjotlr



jsfgurjoçj bkeuomlkoêrlk, bkeuomlkoêrlk, quf fstê rftkrojobk, f bf sfus mkajnkrjbkrfs,   Mkosmlfotlzjr-s Mkosmlfotlzjr-sff bf prknafcjs bf sjøbf fxlstfotfs ku rfmfotfs, pjrj ejmlaltjr kekaakw-up fekrofmfr fekrofmfr mulbjbks oj uolbjbf bf trjnja`k, sf ofmfssêrlk, 





 Bftfmtjr pkssãvfls fefltks äsjøbf rfajmlkojbks jk trjnja`k f  



 Bkmucfotjr ok prkotuêrlk cìblmk bks euomlkoêrlks suj mkoblçík bf sjøbf, okckcfotk bk rftkrok, mkck alo`j bf njsf pjrj k mjsk bf kmkrrfr prknafcjs euturks rfajmlkojbks.

FPJCF CÌBLMK BFCL]]LKOJA

 K fxjcf cìblmk bfclsslkoja bfvfrê sfr rfjalzjbk knrlgjtkrljcfotf jtì j bjtj bj `kckakgjçík, bfsbf qufkøatlck fxjcf cìblmk tfo`j slbk rfjalzjbk `ê cjls bf :2  ” or 7).  Tjrj Tjrj lssk, fssf fxjcf cìblmk bfvfrê sfr rfjalzjbk jotfs bk tìrclok bk mkotrjtk. ▨

CFBL CF BLBJ BJ]] BF T T^F ^FUF UFOÇ OÇ F] GF GF^J ^JL] L] ▨

Rrflojcfotk bf Trfvfoçík bf Jmlbfotfs. F usk mkrrftk bk FTL mkoekrcf O^ 45- FTL

FPJCF]   FPJCF]

FPJCF] KMVTJMLKOJL] TÝ] JBCL]]ÍK JBCL]]ÍK  

]LC ]LC  

Jvjaljçík Maãolmj mkc èoejsf Mjrblkmlrmuajtýrlj(Jojcofs f Fxjcf eãslmk)   eãslmk) vlsuja   Jvjaljçík bj jmulbjbf vlsuja Tslmksskmlja  Jvjaljçík Tslmksskmlja 

:7

JBCL]]ÍK 

TF^LÝBLMK   TF^LÝBLMK

OJ   OJ

]L

OJ OJ  



O  

OJ   OJ

O  

^FRK^OK R^JNJA@K  

CVBJOÇJ ^L]MK   ^L]MK

BFCL]]ÍK  BFCL]]ÍK 

]LC  ]LC 

]LC  ]LC 

]LC ]LC  

]LC ]LC  

LC

OJ  OJ 

OJ OJ  

OJ OJ  

OJ OJ  

OJ OJ  

OJ OJ  

OJ   OJ

]LC  ]LC 

OJ   OJ

OJ OJ  

OJ OJ  

]LC ]LC  

OJ   OJ

]LC  ]LC 

OJ   OJ

OJ OJ  

OJ OJ  

mkcpaftk  @fckgrjcj mkcpaftk 

]LC  ]LC 

OJ OJ  

]LC  ]LC 

OJ OJ  

OJ OJ  

OJ OJ  

malolmk   Fxjcf malolmk

]LC

OJ OJ  

]LC

]LC  ]LC 

]LC ]LC  

]LC ]LC  

@N]  JOR @N] 

OJ OJ  

OJ  OJ 

OJ OJ  

OJ  OJ 

OJ OJ  

OJ OJ  

Faftrkmjrblkgrjcj  Faftrkmjrblkgrjcj 

]LC ]LC  

Fsplrkcftrlj(TrkvjUfotlajtýrlj)  Fsplrkcftrlj(TrkvjUfotlajtýrlj) 

   

MKOR^KA F CFBLMK F T^KG^JCJ BF MKOR^KAF ]JVBF KMVTJMLKOJA ( TMC]K)

JÇÖF] BF ]JVBF TAJOFHJBJ] TJ^J K JOK ULGFORF

LRFC   LRFC TJAF]R^J

^F]TKO]JUFA  ^F]TKO]JUFA 

T^FUFOÇÍK BKFOÇJ] R^JO]CL]]LUFL]   R^JO]CL]]LUFL] JAMKKA   TJAF]R^J BF RJNJGL]CK F JAMKKA

Gfr. Jbc.  Jbc. 

]FPVJACFORF

Jbc.  Gfr. Jbc. 

BJRJ  BJRJ  JRÌ

HVO@K >4>>  >4>>  >4>>   JRÌ HVA@K >4>>

TJAF]R^J ]KN^F BLJNFRF] BLJNFRF]  

Jbc.  Gfr. Jbc. 

JRF KVRVN^K >4>>   >4>>

TJAF]R^J T^FUFOÇÍK JK MJOMF^ BF CJCJ F T^K]RJRJ  T^K]RJRJ 

Gfr. Jbc.  Jbc. 

JRÌ OKUFCN^K>4>>   OKUFCN^K>4>> 

]FRK^ ]FRK^  

JBCLOL]R^JRLUK  JBCLOL]R^JRLUK  

OJRV^FXJBK FPJCF   FPJCF JvjaljçíkMaãolmjmkc èoejsf Mjrblkmlrmuajtýrlj (Jojcofsf f Fxjcf eãslmk)   eãslmk)

O¸JOVJABF

OØCF^K

FPJCF]   ^FJALXJBK] ^FJALXJBK] 

^F]VARJBK] JOK^CJL]   JOK^CJL]



BF

O¸^F]VARJBK] JOK^CJL]P:44 O¸ JOVJA BF FPJCF]   FPJCF]



O¸FPJCF]TJ^J KJOK]FGVLORF   KJOK]FGVLORF



Mrltfrlk bk cfblmk trjnja`k trjnja`k  

]FRK^  ]FRK^ 

OJRV^FXJBK FPJCF   FPJCF Galmfclj  Galmfclj  

O¸^F]VARJBK] JOK^CJL]P:44 O¸ JOVJA BF FPJCF]   FPJCF]

O¸FPJCF]TJ^J KJOK]FGVLORF   KJOK]FGVLORF











^jblkgrjeljbfRýrjx (TJ f Tfrela)  Tfrela) 







Faftrkmjrblkgrjcj   Faftrkmjrblkgrjcj







Jublkcftrlj (tlpkUko Nfifsy)  Nfifsy) 







Jvjaljçíkbjjmulbjbf vlsuja   vlsuja







JvjaljçíkTslmksskmlja  



















JvjaljçíkMaãolmjmkc èoejsf Mjrblkmlrmuajt Mjrblkmlrmuajtýrlj ýrlj (Jojcofsf f Fxjcf eãslmk)   eãslmk) Mkoefmçíkbf ajubks pslmkaýglmks   pslmkaýglmks

:0

OØCF^K BF ^F]VARJBK] JOK^CJL]   JOK^CJL]



Fsplrkcftrlj (Trkvj Ufotlajtýrlj)   Ufotlajtýrlj)

KTF^JMLKOJA  KTF^JMLKOJA  

O¸JOVJABF FPJCF] ^FJALXJBK]   ^FJALXJBK]

 

MKOR^KA F CFBLMK F T^KG^JCJ BF MKOR^KAF ]JVBF KMVTJMLKOJA ( TMC]K)

JEJ]RJCFORK T^FULBFOMLÊ^LK

OKCF BK EVOMLKOÊ^LK  EVOMLKOÊ^LK 

BJRJ BJRJ  

MLB  MLB 

F]TÌMLF  F]TÌMLF 

BLJ]  BLJ] 

^FRK^OK ^FRK^OK  

LOEK^CJÇÖF] ]KN^F MKCK^NLBJBF] F KVR^K]

JARF^JÇÍK   JARF^JÇÍK

OØCF^K   OØCF^K

TK^MFORJGFC  TK^MFORJGFC  

Rjnjglsck  Rjnjglsck 





Jamkkalsck   Jamkkalsck





@lpfrtfosík   @lpfrtfosík





Bljnftfs Bljnftfs  





Blsalplbfcljs   Blsalplbfcljs





]fbfotjrlsck ]fbfotjrlsck  





Knfslbjbf   Knfslbjbf









cfotjls  Rrjostkroks cfotjls 

K^LFORJÇÖF] GF^JL] JK] R^JNJA@JBK^F] FCT^FGJBK^F] FC ^JXÍK BJTJOBFCLJ FBJ MKULB-:< J skmlfbjbf ckbfroj pjssj pkr uc pfrãkbk øolmk fc suj `lstýrlj. Grjobfs bfsjelks sf jprfsfotjc, bfcjobjobk bfcjobjobk j tkcjbj bf bfmlsöfs mìafrfs pjrj prfsfrvjçík bj vlbj, bk fcprfgk f bj rfobj bks mlbjbíks, bf ckbk quf pkssjcks feftlvjcfotf foerfotjr j fcfrgèomlj bf sjøbf pønalmj bflcpkrtîomlj lotfrojmlkoja bfmkrrfotf bk okvk mkrkojvãrus (MKULB-:.   Krlfotjr tkbks trjnja`jbkrfs sknrf prfvfoçík bf mkotêglk pfak mkrkojvãrus (MKULB-:4

 

MKOR^KA F CFBLMK F T^KG^JCJ BF MKOR^KAF ]JVBF KMVTJMLKOJA ( TMC]K) :5.   Trkckvfr tfaftrjnja`k ku trjnja`k rfcktk. Fvltjr bfsakmjcfotks bf vljgfos f

rfuolöfsprfsfomljls, rfuolöfs prfsfomljls, utlalzjobk rfmursk bf êublk f/ku vlbfkmkoefrèomlj9 T^ÊRLMJ] ZVJORK Ä] ^FEFLÇÖF]

 

:7. Ksmkc trjnja`jbkrfs quf prfpjrjc auvjs,mkc auvjs, rlgkrksj `lglfof bjs cíks9f sfrvfc js rfeflçöfs bfvfc utlalzjr cêsmjrj mlrørglmj f :0.   Trklnlr k mkcpjrtla`jcfotk bf mkpks, prjtks f tja`frfs oík `lglfolzjbks, nfc mkck qujaqufr

kutrk utfosãalk bf mkzlo`j9 :4.   Trkckvfr oks rfefltýrlks cjlkr fspjçjcfotk fotrf js pfsskjs oj elaj, krlfotjobk pjrj quf sfhjc fvltjbjs mkovfrsjs9 >:.   Fspjçjr js mjbflrjs pjrj jucfotjr js blstîomljs lotfrpfsskjls. Mkoslbfrjr Mkoslbfrjr jucfotjr k oøcfrk bf turoks fc quf js rfeflçöfs sík sfrvlbjs, bf ckbk j blcloulr k oøcfrk bf pfsskjs ok rfefltýrlk j mjbj ckcfotk9 T^ÊRLMJ] ^FEF^FORF] JK ]F]CR F MLTJ M LTJ >>.   Js mkclssöfs lotfrojs bf prfvfoçík bf jmlbfotfs - MLTJ fxlstfotfs pkbfrík sfr cjotlbjs jtì

k elc bk b k pfrãkbk bf fstjbk bf mjajclbjbf pønalmj, pkbfobk sfr suspfosks ks prkmfssks fafltkrjls fc mursk9 >=.   ^fjalzjr js rfuolöfs bj MLTJ pkr cflk bf vlbfkmkoefrè vlbfkmkoefrèomlj9 omlj9 >2.   ]F]CR f MLTJ, qujobk fxlstfotfs, fxlstfotfs, bfvfc lostltulr lostltulr f blvuagjr j tkbk tkbkss ks trjnja`jbkrfs uc pajok bf jçík mkc pkaãtlmjs f prkmfblcfotks bf krlfotjçík jks trjnja`jbkrfs9 >6.   Ks trjnja`jbkrfs bf jtfoblcfotk bf sjøbf bk ]F]CR, mkck foefrcflrks, juxlaljrfs f cìblmks, bfvfc rfmfnfr Fqulpjcfotks Fqulpjcfotks bf Trktfçík Loblvlbuja - FTL bf jmkrbk mkc ks rlsmks, fc mkoekrclbjbf mkc js krlfotjçöfs bk Clolstìrlk bj ]jøbf9 T^ÊRLMJ] ^FEF^FORF] JK R^JO]TK^RF BF R^JNJA@JBK^F] >5.   Cjotfr j vfotlajçík ojturja bfotrk bks vfãmuaks jtrjvìs bj jnfrturj bjs hjofajs.

Zujobkekrofmfssêrlj j utlalzjçík bk slstfcj bf jr mkoblmlkojbk, bfvf-sf fvltjr j rfmlrmuajçík Zujobkekrofmfssêrlj bk jr9 >7.   Bfsloeftjr rfguajrcfotf ks jssfotks f bfcjls supfreãmlfs bk lotfrlkr bk vfãmuak quf síkcjlserfqufotf sík cjlserfqufotfcfotf cfotf tkmjbjs pfaks trjnja`jbkrfs trjnja`jbkrfs99 >0.   Ks cktkrlstjs bfvfc knsfrvjr8 j)  j `lglfolzjçík bk sfu pkstk bf trjnja`k, lomauslvf vkajotfs f cjçjoftjs bk vfãmuak9 n)  j utlalzjçík bf êamkka gfa ku êguj f sjník pjrj `lglfolzjr js cíks9 T^ÊRLMJ] ^FEF^FORF] Ä] CÊ]MJ^J] >:

 

MKOR^KA F CFBLMK F T^KG^JCJ BF MKOR^KAF ]JVBF KMVTJMLKOJA ( TMC]K) rfmkcfobjçöfs bk ejnrlmjotf. Ks trjnja`jbkrfs trjnja`jbkrfs bfvfc sfr krlfotjbks sknrf k usk mkrrftk bj cêsmjrj9 =:.   J cêsmjrj ouomj bfvf sfr mkcpjrtla`jbj fotrf trjnja`jbkrfs9 =>.   Tkbf-sf mkoslbfrjr k usk bf rfsplrjbkrfs ku cêsmjrjs TEE> ku O49 ==.   Js fcprfsjs bfvfc ekrofmfr cêsmjrjs mlrørglmjs ä blspkslçík bf sfus trjnja`jbkrfs, mjsk `jhj ofmfsslbjbf ofmfsslbjbf99 ]V]TFO]ÍK BF FPLGÈOMLJ] JBCLOL]R^JRLUJ] FC ]]R =2.   Elmj suspfosj j knrlgjtkrlfbjbf bf rfjalzjçík bks fxjcfs cìblmks kmupjmlkojls, maãolmks

f mkcpafcfotjrfs, mkcpafcfotjrfs, fxmftk bks fxjcfs bfclsslkojls burjotf k pfrãkbk bf mjajclbjbf, mkoekrcf Cfblbj Trkvlsýrlj O¸ 7, bf >> bf cjrçk bf >4>4, bfvfobk sfr rfjalzjbks jtì k prjzk bf sfssfotj bljs, mkotjbk bj bjtj bf fomfrrjcfotk bk fstjbk bf mjajclbjbf pønalmj9 (Mjbumku fc :4>4) :4>4) =6.   K fxjcf cìblmk bfclsslkoja pkbfrê sfr blspfosjbk mjsk k fxjcf cìblmk kmupjmlkoja cjls rfmfotf tfo`j slbk rfjalzjbk `ê cfoks bf :04 bljs9 =5.   Oj `lpýtfsf bf k cìblmk mkkrbfojbkr bf prkgrjcj bf mkotrkaf cìblmk bf sjøbf kmupjmlkoja mkoslbfrjr quf j prkrrkgjçík rfprfsfotj rlsmk pjrj j sjøbf bk fcprfgjbk, k cìblmk loblmjrê jk fcprfgjbkr j ofmfsslbjbf bf suj rfjalzjçík9 =7.   Burjotf k fstjbk bf mjajclbjbf pønalmj, elmj suspfosj j knrlgjtkrlfbjbf bf rfjalzjçík bf trflojcfotks pfrlýblmks pfrlýblmks f fvfot fvfotujls ujls bks jtujls fcprfgjbks, prfvlstks prfvlstks fc okrcjs rfguajcfotjbkrjs bf sfgurjoçj f sjøbf ok trjnja`k9 =0.   Ks trflojcfotks pfrlýblmks f fvfotujls sfrík rfjalzjbks ok prjzk bf okvfotj bljs, mkotjbk bj bjtj bf fomfrrjcfo fomfrrjcfotk tk bk fstjbk bf mjajclbjbf pønalmj9 =. 

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