PBL(1L) Anatomy

Anatomy - Chapter 8 (Head and Neck) - Meninges Brain and spinal cord protected surrounded by what? How many layers in the meninges? Tough, outer layer? Delicate, middle layer? Thin, inner layer? Cranial dura mater has how many layers? Spinal dura mater has how many layers? Outer layer of the cranial dura mater? What does this outer layer of cranial dura mater contain? Which layer of cranial dura mater extends through the FM and is continuous with the spinal dura? What are dural partitions made of? Crescent-shaped downward projection of meningeal dura mater that passes b/n two cerebral hemispheres? Horizontal projection of meningeal dura mater that covers and seperates the cerebellum? Midbrain passes through what structure? Small midline projection of meningeal dura mater in the posterior cranial fossa? Small, horizontal shelf of meningeal dura mater that covers the hypophyseal fossa in the sella tursica? Connects pituitary with the base of the brain, passes through the diaphragma sella? Artery that supplies the greatest part of the dura? Anterior meningeals are branches off of what artery? Middle meningeal is a branch off of what artery? Where does the middle meningeal enter the skull? Which branch of the middle meningeal crosses the pterion? Posteriro meningeal artery is the terminal branch of what artery? All the nerves that innervate the dura mater? Innveration of the Falx? Innervation of the middle cranial fossa? Innervation of the Posterior Cranial Fossa? Thin, avascular membrane that lines, but is NOT adherent to, the inner surface of the dura mater? Thin processes extend down, across the subarachnoid space and become continous with what? Only fissure that the arachnoid mater enters? Thin, delicate membrane that closely invests the surface of the brain? Potential space is related with what? Real space is associated with what? Potenital space between dura and bone? When can this potential space become fluid filled? Bleeding due to a tearing of a vein as it enters a dural venous sinus can result in a ? Arachnoid mater clings to the dura and does NOT follow what? Whereas, the pia mater does follow the contour of the brain, to create what? CSF is produced by what? CSF returns to the venous system through what structures? These villi project as clumps into the sagittal sinus, known as what? The superior sagittal sinus is a dural venous sinus, and its lateral extensions are called what? Dilatation of the cerebral ventricular system, due to obstruction or overproduction of CSF is called what? CSF passes from the lateral ventricles to the 3rd ventricle via what? CSF passes from the third ventricle to the 4th ventricle through what? CSF passes from the 4th ventricle to the subarachnoid space via what?

Meninges 3 Dura Arachnoid Pia 2 1 Periosteal layer Meningeal Arteries Meningeal Layer Dura Mater Falx Cerebri

Tentorium Cerebelli Tentorial Notch (oval opening in the midline) Falx Cerebelli Diaphragma Sella Infundibulum Middle Meningeal Ethmodial Arteries Maxillary Foramen Spinosum Anterior Ascending Pharyngeal A. (Jugular Foramen) First 3 Cervical N., V1, V2, V3, and Vagus V1 Medial: V2 Lateral: v3 First 3 Cervical (enter through foramen magnum, hypoglossal canal and jugular fora Vagus Arachnoid Mater Pia Mater Longitudinal Fissure Pia Mater Dura Mater Between Arachnoid and Pia Mater Extradural space Vascular Hemorrage (rupture of meningeal artery or a torn dural venous sinus) -> e hematoma Subdural hematoma The contour of the brain A real space between those layers Choroid Plexus Arachnoid Villi Arachnoid granulations Lateral lacunae Hydrocephalus Intraventricular Foramina (foramina of Monro) Cerebral Aquaduct Midline foramen or the two lateral formina (foramen of Magendie or Foramina of Lus

Where is CSF absorbed Most common cause of hydrocephalus in adults? Rare cause of hydrocephalus? Rare infection of the leptomeninges (combination of arachnoid mater and the pia mater)? Subcutaneous hemorrage (ecchymoses) is a feature of what type of meningitis? Mild headache, fever, drowsiness and nausea - then, photophobia, ecchymoses, + Kernigs and Neck pain. Lesion WITHIN the brain? Lesion OUTSIDE the brain? Meningiomas and Acoustic neuromas are typically which type of tumor? Arise from the meninges and prefer Falx Cerebri, free edge of the tentorium cerebelli, and ant. Middle cranial fossa? Typically found at the vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) and in the cerebellopontine angle? Most common type of intra-axial brain lesions? Metastatic tumor lesions are typically found in patients with either? Gliomas, Oligodendrocytomas, and choroid plexus tumors can be classified as what? During development, the cerebrum is called what? Elevations in the brain? Depressions in the brain? During development, the part of the brain that contains the thalamus, hypothalamus, and other structures? During development, the name for the midbrain? During development, the name for the part that gives rise to the cerebellum? During development, the name for the medulla oblongota (CN VI - XII) are attached here? Two vertebral arteries enter the cranial cavity through what? Two vertebral arteries fuse at the level of the pons to form what? Where do the cartoids enter? Before the two verebral arteries form into the basilar, each gives off how many branches? Connects pituitary with the base of the brain, passes through the diaphragma sella? Ends as a bifurcation and gives rise to two posterior cerebral arteries? Each gives off the ophthalmic artery, post. Comm. Artery, middle and anterior cerebral arteries? Formed at the base of the brain by interconnecting vertebrobasilar and internal carotid systems of vessels? Connects the left and right anterior cerebral arteries to one another? Connects the internal carotid artery with the posterior cerebral artery? Acute development of focal neurological deficit as a result of localized or diffuse cerebral hypoperfusion? Most common site for an athlerosclerotic plaque to form? Less severe strokes that occur in the same manner, but usually resolve completely within 24 hours? Typically occur in anterior/posterior communicating arteries, branches of the MCA, and distal basilar artery? Patient complains of thunderclap headache, neck stiffness and vomitting? Cannulation site for surgical treatment of cerebral aneurysm?

Arachnoid granulations in the walls of the dural sinuses Interuption of reabsorption through arachnoid granulations Choroid plexus tumors that secrete excess CSF Meningitis Meningococcal Meningitis Symptoms of progressive meningitis Intra-axial Extra-axial Extra-axial Meningiomas Acoustic Neuromas Secondary brain lesions from metastatic deposits Breast or Lung cancer Primary brain lesions Telencephalon Gyri Sulci Diencephalon Mesencephalon Metencephalon Myelencephalon Foramen Magnum Basilar artery Carotid canal 3 Posterior Inferior Cerebral Basilar artery Each Internal Carotid Artery Cerebral Arterial Circle Anterior communicating Posterior communicating Stroke Bifurcation of the common carotid TIA Cerebral Aneurysms Ruptured Cerebral Aneurysm Femoral -> Aorta -> Carotid -> Pack Aneurysm with Microcoil