Pavimentadoras Ammann

 

VHWIEK@THDA^H] DK H]GHJTA V^AL^HEH DK VHWIEK@THDA^H] DK H]GHJTA ]AN^K @K[EÈTIMA] Y A^[LH]

 

L^[VA HEEH@@ KJ E[@DAVA^ @[KWK GÈN^IMH] Y MK@T^A] DK K@T^K@HEIK@TA] Y EÈ] DK >66 ^KV^K]K@THTK] Y HLK@TK] MAEK^MIHJK]

EÈX[I@H]

VJH@TH]

MAEVHMTHMIÝ@ JILK^H

MK@T^HJ DK BA^EILÝ@

^ADIJJA] MAEVHMTHDA^K]

VJH@TH] DK H]GHJTA

VHWIEK@THDA^H] DK H]GHJTA

󰀾

 

GÈ N^ N^ IMH IMH] ] Y MK MK@ @ T^ T^ A] A] DK K@ K@TT ^K@ ^K@H H EI EIK@ K@TT A] A]

G IJ IJ IH IH JK] JK]

HJGKJD LK^EH@Y

@AWÉ Eğ]TA @HD EKT[OÅ  M_KMB ^KV[NJIM

BK@@KG LK^EH@Y KTTJI@LK@ LK^EH@Y

JH@LK@TBHJ ]BH@LBHI

]\IT_K^JH@D Bkhdquhrtkrs

MBI@H

N[]]AJK@LA/WK^A@H ITHJY

HBEKDHNHD I@DIH

L^HWHTHÅ  N^H_IJ

[@H KEV^K]H GHEIJIH^ I@@AWHDA^H

Heeh`` ks u` pravkkdar jådkr eu`dihj `h ghnrimhmiý` dk pjh`ths ekzmjhdarhs, eèqui`hs y skrvimias phrh jh i`dustrih dk ma`strummiý` ma` hepjih kxpkrik`mih k` jh ma`strummiý` dk mhrrktkrhs k i`grhkstrumturh dk trh`spartk. @ukstrhs gukrzhs sa` kj pramkdieik`ta dk u`h keprksh gheijihr quk kstè k` apkrhmiý` bhmk eumbas høas, ou`thek`tk ma` u`h prksk`mih i`tkr`hmia`hj quk ks gukrtk y nik` ksthnjkmidh. Dksdk 8279 kstheas ksthnjkmik`da pu`tas dk rkgkrk`mih k` jh i`dustrih dk jh ma`strummiý` dk mhrrktkrhs, lrhmihs h i``uekrhnjks i``avhmia`ks y sajumia`ks quk sa` th` maepktitivhs maea ma`﬈hnjks. Gikjks h `ukstra jkeh «Vradumtivity Vhrt`krsbip gar h Jigktiek ³ ( Hjih`zh y Vradumtividhd phrh u`h Widh K`tkrh) hdhptheas tathjek`tk `ukstrhs hmtiv idhdks h j hs `kmksidhdks y kxilk`mihs dk `ukstras mjik`tks k` tada kj pjh`kth. Tk`keas ma`mik`mih dk quk `ukstrhs pjh`ths y eèqui`hs, quk maepruknh` sus eéritas dåh h dåh nhoa ma`dimia`ks apkrhmia`hjks digåmijks, sa` jhs ÿ`imhs garehs dk dhrjks h `ukstras mjik`tks jh vk`thoh maepktitivh mrumihj quk kjjas `kmksith`. Maea skråh dk kspkrhr, agrkmkeas u`h rkd dk skrvimia nik` dkshrrajjhdh y pravkkdarks ma`﬈hnjks dk pikzhs dk rkpuksta, ou`thek`tk ma` sapartk durh`tk tada kj mimja dk usa dk jhs pjh`ths y eèqui`hs quk agrkmkeas.

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JH ]AJ[MIÝ@ VK^GKMTH K@ ][ J[LH^ DK T^HNHOA V^AL^HEH DK VHWIEK@THDA^H] DK HEEH@@

Jh lheh maepjkth dk p hviek`thdarh hviek`thdarhss dk Heeh`` agrkmk jh sajumiý` idkhj phrh prèmtimhek`tk muhjquikr hpjimhmiý` dk phviek`thda. Ksa i`mjuyk th`ta mhjjks kstrkmbhs quk rkquikrk` eèqui`hs pkqukøhs y eh`kohnjks, maea ksphmias hnikrtas, k` jas quk jh phviek`thdarh tik`k quk munrir jh supkr﬈mik rèpidhek`tk y, hu` hså, dkohr u` hmhnhda dk mhjidhd.

VHWIEK@THDA^H] DK H]GHJTA ]AN^K @K[EÈTIMA]

󰀴

HG\ 8;6 L

HG\ >66 cl H@MBA EÈR. DK VHWIEK@THDA? VHWIEK@THDA? ===6 ee

HG\ =;6

HG\ ;66

VK]A? ks u`h phviek`thdarh dk trks rukdhs? das k` jh phrtk trhskrh phrh pkreitir jh trhmmiý`, y u`h k` jh phrtk dkjh`tkrh phrh jh dirkmmiý`. Kj dkpýsita ﬈oa pukdk mhrlhrsk jhtkrhjek`tk ma` u` mhrlhdar dksjizh`tk.

•  Idkhj phrh ksphmias rkdumidas dknida h jh hepjitud dk phsa phsa y h su mkrrhda rhdia dk lira dk 6.2 e •  Kj ﬈hnjk eatar dk Bhtz lhrh`tizh lhrh`tizh jh patk`mih hdkmuhdh phrh tadhs jhs hpjimhmia`ks •  Wkjamidhd eèxieh dk gu`mia`heik`ta gu`mia`heik`ta dk bhsth 86 86 e/ei`.

Kj eatar dikskj rkgrilkrhda par hirk dispa`k dk u`h gu`miý` kjé mtrimh dk hrrh`quk / phrhdh y kst è i`tklrhda k` u`h u`idhd ma` jhs naenhs bidrèujimhs. Jh trh`seisiý` bidrastètimh kstè k`lrh`hdh par u`h naenh dk mhudhj vhrihnjk quk hjiek`th das eatarks arnithjks quk kstè` dirkmthek`tk ma`kmthdas h jas k`lrh`hoks pjh`kthrias dk jhs rukdhs. [` ma`traj bidrèujima, ea`thda sanrk jh naenh dk mhudhj vhrihnjk, pkreitk hrrh`quks y phrhdhs suhvks. Hdkeès, jh phviek`thdarh dispa`k dk u` sistkeh dk dirkmmiý` bidrèujima quk sk eh`koh ma` kj `ukva vajh`tk dk dirkmmiý` krla`ýeima.

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•  Kj dkpýsita ﬈oa ma` mh`hjkths mh`hjkths pkreitk u` sk`mijja pramksa dk mhrlh •  Jas danjks `kueètimas (apmia`hjks) (apmia`hjks) huek`th` jh trhmmiý` sanrk tkrrk`as digåmijks

 

]AJ[MIA@K] TÉM@IMH] VH^H ][ K]VHMIA DK T^HNHOA G[@MIA@HJIDHD NHOA M[HJX[IK^ ]IT[HMIÝ@

Jh HG\ 8;6-> dk Heeh`` sk dkst hmh par su pradumtividhd y par su mhjidhd. Hdkeès, tadhs jhs phviek`thdarhs dk hsghjta dk Heeh`` sk pukdk` eh`kohr dk gareh i`tuitivh rèpidhek`tk. K` sklu`da pjh`a, trhnhoh` jas sistkehs pri`miphjks y digkrk`tks tkm`ajalåhs, quk sa` rkspa`shnjks dk jh ghmijidhd dk eh`koa y kj gu`mia`heik`ta si` pranjkehs dk jh phviek`thdarh dk hsghjta.

^KLJH MA@ ]HJIDH BID^È[JIMH

VH@KJ DK MA@T^AJ V^I@MIVHJ K^LA@ÝEIMA

Jh `ukvh lk`krhmiý` -> dk jh HG \ 8;6 dispa`k dk u`h rkljh ma` shjidh bidrèujimh quk ghmijith jas trhnhoas ma` jh ei`iphviek`thdarh. Ma` jhs hepjihmia`ks dk > Ü 8 y ks gèmij dk maeprk`dkr phrh kj apkrhdar. Jh i`tuitivh ma`sajh dk eh`da ma` kj vajh`tk dk dirkmmiý` dkshrrajjhda krla`ýeimhek`tk hsklurh u` eh`koa ma`trajhda, i`mjusa nhoa ma`dimia`ks digåmijks.

GJ[OA DK EHTK^IHJ EHTK^IHJ AVTIEI_HDA AV TIEI_HDA

MA@T^AJ EKMÈ@IMA DKJ GJ[OA DK EHTK^IHJ

Ma` jh `ukvh HG\ 8;6-> 8;6-> pukdk ksthr sklura dk tk`kr sikeprk su﬈mik`tk ehtkrihj dkjh`tk dk jh rkljh. Kj ﬎uoa dk ehtkrihj sk aptieizý ma` u`h mhdk`h rhsmhdarh dk hjth mhjidhd y u` si`gå` dk ehtkrihj ma` u` dièektra huek`thda dk 8>6 ee.

Jhs `ukvhs maepukrths ekmè`imhs pkreitk` ma`trajhr gèmijek`tk jh mh`tidhd dk ehtkrihj quk sk trh`sparth k` jh mhdk`h rhsmhdarh. Ekdih`tk jhs maepukrths ekmè`imhs i`dkpk`dik`tks k`trk så (ma` hpkrturh y mikrrk ma`ti`uas) sk pukdk rklujhr kj ﬎uoa dk ehtkrihj k` gu`miý` dk jhs ma`dimia`ks dk i`sthjhmiý`. Dk kstk eada, sk pukdk ma`trajhr th`ta jh mh`tidhd maea kj ﬎uoa dk ehtkrihj i`dkpk`dik`tkek`tk dkj jhda da`dk sk k `muk`trh kj apkrhdar.

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T^HMMIÝ@ HDIMIA@HJ AVMIA@HJ [`h trhmmiý` ﬈hnjk ks u` ghm tar mjhvk dk muhjquikr phviek`thdarh dk hsghjta. Ma` sus das rukdhs eatrimks, jh HG\ 8;6-> 8;6-> lhrh`tizh u`h trhmmiý` ﬈hnjk k` muhjquikr tkrrk`a. Dk eh`krh apmia`hj, jh eèqui`h pukdk kquiphrsk ma` `kueètimas lkekjas phrh ma`skluir trhmmiý` hdimia`hj.

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HEVJIA] HMMK]A] VH^H KJ ]K^WIMIA DK JH EÈX[I@H Vhrh antk`kr kj ekoar hmmksa pasinjk h jh za`h maepjkth dkj eatar, jh munikrth dkj eatar sk pukdk dkshmapjhr å`tklrhek`tk. Ksta dkeukstrh quk Heeh`` ja i`tk`th tada phrh ghmijit hr su trhnhoa dihria.

 

K

D

G

N

M H

VK]A Y DIEK@]IA@K]

^KLJH ]N 8=66 L

V K ] A DK ] K ^ W I MI A

88;6 cl

H@MBA K ]TÈ@DH^ DK VHW IEK@ THDA?

H

J A @ L I T [ D D K E ÈX [ I @ H

>29; ee

E È R . M A@ K R T K@] I Ý@

N

J A @ L I T [ D D K T ^ H @ ]V A ^ T K

>;6= ee

E Å @ . M A @ VJ H M H ] D K ^ K D [ M M I Ý @

M

H @ M B A D K E ÈX [ I @ H

D K

HJT[^ H DK EÈX[I@H J A @ L I T [ D D K D K V Ý ]I T A

G

HJT[^ H DK VJ HTHGA ^EH DK A VK^ H^IA

2 6 4 7 ee

MHJKGHMMIÝ@

266 ”8=6 6 ee 87;6 ee >;6 ee ] N , m a ` v i n r h m i ý ` a p m i a ` hj Lhs

Eå`. >;6 ee

486 ee

Kstè`dhr 266”8=66 ee Eèx. 87;6 ee (apmia`hj)

EATA^ Y ]I]TKEH DK T^H@]EI]IÝ@ GHN^IMH@ TK

Bhtz

TIVA

8N46

]I ] ]TT KE KE H DK ^ KG KG ^ ^II LK^ LK^H HMIÝ@ MIÝ@ DK DKJJ E EAT ATA^ A^ V A T K @ M I H @ A EI @ H J MB H ] I ]

^kgr kgr ilk ilkrr hmi hmiýý ` p ar ar hhir irkk 7.= c\ ]anrk `kueètimas

^ [K DH ]

> Ü 4 => Ü 8><

^ [ K D H D I^ K M M I A @ H J

8 Ü ==6 Ü 8;>

T I V A D K T ^ H @ ]E I] I Ý @ T I V A D K DI ^ K MM I Ý @

B i d r a s t èt i m h B i d r è uj i m h

^ H D I A DK L I ^ A I @ T K ^ @ A

6 .2 e

HJIEK@THMIÝ@ DK EHTK^IHJ MHVHMIDHD DKJ DKV Ý]I TA MI@TH T^H@]VA^THDA^H

6.7 e½ 8 mi`th trh`sparthdarh, rkvkrsinjk, ma`traj hutaehtima

]I @ G Å @

Ma`traj hutaeètima

MHVHMIDHD DKJ DKVÝ]ITA M A E N [ ] T IN J K HM K I T K B I D ^ È[ J I M A

;j 88 j

^K@DIEIK@TA MHVHMIDHD T KÝ ^IMH EÈ R . DK VHW IEK@THDA L ^ A ] A ^ D K J H ] [ V K ^ GI M I K

=; t/b ; ”86 6 ee

W K J A M I D H D ( T ^ È @ ]G K ^ )

6 ”>.; ce/b

W KJAMIDHD (VHW IEK@ THDA)

6 ”86 e/ei`

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« [`h kxmkjk`tk visiý`

dk ma`ou`ta dk tadas jas maepa`k`tks dk jh eèqui`h ghmijith kj trhnhoa ma` jhs phviek`thdarhs dk Heeh``.³

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][] NK@KGIMIA] DK [@ WI]TH_A ±K@ X[É ]K DIGK^K@MIH@ JH] VHWIEK@THDA^H] DK H]GHJTA DK HEEH@@1

KRMKJK@TK WI]INIJIDHD Kj diskøa dk jh phviek`thdarh, su hsik`ta y dksjizh`tk y ph`kj dk i`struek`tas dksjizhnjks pkreitk` hj apkrhdar vkr tadhs jhs ghsks dkj pramksa dk phviek`thda, ja muhj ekoarh jh pradumtividhd, mhjidhd y skluridhd.

NHOH HJT[^H DK DK]MH^LH Jh hjturh eès nhoh rkdumk jh mhådh dk ehtkrihj, ja muhj pukdk mhushr dkgkmtas k` jh supkr﬈mik. Jh hjturh dk jas dkpýsitas thenié` sk hdhpth` h mheia`ks dk divkrsas thehøas, huek`th`da hså jh utijizhmiý` dk jh ﬎ath, y ghmijith`da jh nÿsqukdh dk trh`spartisths kxtkr`as ma` vkbåmujas dkj thehøa hprapihda.

GHMIJ GH MIJ DK EH@KOH^ [` gèmij dk ushr hmkjkrh jh hdhpthmiý` dk jas `ukvas apkrhrias. Jas i`tkrruptarks ma`euthdarks sa` gèmijks dk ushr, i`mjusa ma` luh`tks. Jas apkrhrias dk rkljh thenié` sk nk`k﬈mih` dk jas i`tkrruptarks dk usa gèmij, pkreitié`dajks ma`mk`trhrsk k` jh rkljh y `a k` jas eh`das.

]KJKMMIÝ@ DK ]I]TKEH VA^ VHJH@MH Jhs phviek`thdarhs dk Heeh`` jk pkreitk` ma`kmthrsk ma` kj sistkeh dk su kjk mmiý`, hyudè`dajk hså h aptieizhr jh kxpkrik`mih y kj t hjk`ta dk sus trhnhohdarks. Kstas sk sk`tirè` skluras y mýeadas, ja muhj sk trhdumk k` u`h ehyar pradumtividhd y mhjidhd.

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EH^MH@DA K]TÈ@DH^K] Heeh`` dkeukstrh su maepraeisa ma` su éxita hj agrkmkr «dk skrik ³ jhs mhrhmtkråstimhs quk eès `kmksith. Ksths i`mjuyk`? •  Houstk dk hjturh dk si`gå` bidrèujima bidrèujima ma` ma`traj kjkmtrý`ima •  Das mi`ths trh`sparthdarhs rkvkrsinjks i`dkpk`dik`tks • Tkmba pjklhnjk •  Dkpýsita dk keujsiý` keujsiý` y u`idhd hspkrsarh hspkrsarh Heeh`` thenié` dispa`k dk jhs ÿ`imhs phviek`thdarhs sanrk `kueètimas dk mhtklaråh pri`miphj? atrh pruknh eès dk su maepraeisa phrh agrkmkr jhs eèqui`hs hdkmuhdhs phrh su julhr dk trhnhoa.

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« Jhs phviek`thdarhs

dknk` agrkmkr mhjidhd y pradumtividhd. Jhs eèqui`hs dk Heeh`` prksk`th` henhs muhjidhdks.³

󰀸󰀴

 

]AJ[MIA@K] TÉM@IMH] VH^H ][ K]VHMIA DK T^HNHOA G[@MIA@HJIDHD NHOA M[HJX[IK^ ]IT[HMIÝ@

Jhs phviek`thdarhs dknk` agrkmkr mhjidhd y pradumtividhd. Jhs eèqui`hs dk Heeh`` i`tklrh` henhs muhjidhdks y, hdkeès, sa` gèmijks dk ushr. Jh tkm`ajalåh y jas sistkehs mjhvk quk pkreitk` su gèmij eh`koa gu`mia`h` k` sklu`da pjh`a phrh jalrhr u` gu`mia`heik`ta pkrgkmta.

HJIEK@THMIÝ@ DK EHTK^IHJ

DK]MH^LH DK JH ^KLJH

Jh hjiek`thmiý` dkj ehtkrihj sk kgkmtÿh h trhvés dk das mi`ths trh`sparthdarhs y si`﬈`ks rkvkrsinjks i`dkpk`dik`tks, quk sk ma`trajh` par eimrai`tkrruptarks ma`euthdarks. Jas i`tkrruptarks rklujh` kj mhudhj dk jh rkljh y eh`tik`k` jh distrinumiý` dkj ehtkrihj eès kgkmtivh nhoa muhjquikr mirmu`sth`mih. Jh hjturh dkj si`gå` sk housth par u` sistkeh bidrèujima ma` ma`traj kjkmtrý`ima.

Kj sistkeh huxijihr I]^ ks u` dispasitiva kjk mtrabidrèujima quk dksmhrlh kj pksa dk jh rkljh, pkreitik`da hså u` huek`ta k` jh pragu`didhd dkj phviek`thda. Trh`sgkrir kj pksa dk jh rkljh hj vkbåmuja trhmtar thenié` ekoarh jh trhmmiý`.

MBH]I] ]AN^K @K[EÈ @K[EÈTIMA] TIMA]

MBH]I] ]AN^K A^[LH]

Jh phviek`thdarh sanrk `kueètimas tik`k trks koks? das k` jh phrtk dkjh`tkrh phrh u`h dirkmmiý` ýptieh, y u` kok trhskra kquiphda ma` lrh`dks `kueètimas phrh pkreitir jh trhmmiý`, kspkmihjek`tk kgkmtiva sanrk supkr﬈miks njh`dhs. Jas koks dkjh`tkras asmijh`tks prksk`th` lrh`dks `kueètimas dk mhumba. [` sistkeh dk jh dirkmmiý` ma` naenh bidrèujimh praparmia`h suhvidhd k` kj ma`traj hj lirhr.

Jh eèqui`h sanrk arulhs tik`k hjeabhdijjhs dk laeh y u` sistkeh hutaeètima dk tk`shda ma` hmueujhdar dk junrimh`tk.Jh trh`seisiý` bidrastètimh kstè k`lrh`hdh par naenhs dk mhudhj vhrihnjk quk hjiek`th` das eatarks, ma` dkspjhzheik`tas quk kstè` ma`kmthdas h jas k`lrh`hoks pjh`kthrias quk apkrh` jhs arulhs. [` ma`traj kjkmtrý`ima y praparmia`hj ea`thda sanrk mhdh naenh praparmia`h u` pramksa dk hrrh`quk/phrhdh pralrksiva, y eh`tik`k u`h vkjamidhd housthdh ma`sth`tk.

󰀸󰀻

 

HG\ >66 cl

H@MBA K ]TÈ@DH^ DK VHW IEK@ THDA?

8466 ”>;6 ee

E È R . M A@ K R T K@] I Ý@

===6 ee

N

J A @ L I T [ D D K T ^ H @ ]V A ^ T K

486 6 ee

E Å @ . M A @ VJ H M H ] D K ^ K D [ M M I Ý @

M

J H ^ L [^ H DK J K O K

8=26 ee

T I V A D K ^KLJ H

D K

HJT[^ H DK EÈX[I@ H HJT[^ H DK T^ H@]VA ^T K

=86 6 ee >26 6 ee

MHJKGHMMIÝ@

G

HJT[^ H ]I@ T KMBA

>>;6 ee

Eå`. ;66 ee (apmia`hj)

L

H @ M B A D K E ÈX [ I @ H

>96 6 ee

Kstè`dhr 8466”> ii` `dkpk`dik`tks, rk rkvkrsinjks

]I@GI@K ]

> i ` dk p k ` d i k ` t k s , r k v k r s i n j k s

H O[]TK DK HJT [^ H DK ]I@GÅ@

K j k m tr a b i d r è u j i m a

D>688J6=i ^kgrilkrhmiý` par hmkitk / hirk

V A T K @ M I H @ A EI @ H J MB H ] I ] @K[EÈTIMA] ^ [K DH ] DI ^ K MM I A @ H J K ] T I V A D K T ^ H @ ]E I] I Ý @ T I V A D K DI ^ K MM I Ý @ ^ H D I A DK L I ^ A I @ T K ^ @ A

MHVHMIDHD DKJ DKVÝ]ITA ==.> c\ ]anrk `kueètimas >7; Ü ;6 ee (G? 4 =76 ee)

N

J A @ L I T [ D D K T ^ H @ ]V A ^ T K

486 6 ee

M

J H ^ L [^ H DK J H N H @ DH

8;>; ee

D

HJT[^ H DK EÈX[I@H

K

HJT[^ H DK T^ H @]VA ^TK

G

HJT[^ H ]I@ T KMBA

L

H @ M B A D K E ÈX [ I @ H

=889; ee)

H@MBA K ]TÈ@DH^ DK VHW IEK@ THDA? E È R . M A@ K R T K@] I Ý@

;6 6 ee

T I V A D K ^KLJ H

W i n r h m i ý`

MHJKGHMMIÝ@

Lhs / Kjémtrimh Eå`. ;66 ee (apmia`hj)

>;;6 ee (G? 8266 ee)

8=;6 ee

===6 ee

E Å @ . M A @ VJ H M H ] D K ^ K D [ M M I Ý @

>266 ee

;76 ee

8466 ”> ii` `dkpk`dik`tks, rk rkvkrsinjks

]I@GI@K ]

> i ` dk p k ` d i k ` t k s , r k v k r s i n j k s

H O[]TK DK HJT [^ H DK ]I@GÅ@

K j k m tr a b i d r è u j i m a

D>688J6=i ^kgrilkrhmiý` par hmkitk / hirk

MHVHMIDHD DKJ DKVÝ]ITA

V A T K @ M I H @ A EI @ H J

==.> c\

M A E N [ ] T IN J K

66 ee B i d r a s t èt i m h K jk m t r ý ` i m h 6.< e

^K@DIEIK@TA MHVHMIDHD T KÝ ^IMH EÈ R . DK VHW IEK@THDA L ^ A ] A ^ D K J H ] [ V K ^ GI M I K

8;6 t/b ; ”>;6 ee

W K J A M I D H D ( T ^ È @ ]G K ^ )

6 ”4 .; ce/b

W KJAMIDHD (VHW IEK@ THDA)

6 ”>< e/ei`

󰀸󰀹

 

HG\ =;6 VHWIEK@THDA^H DK H]GHJ VHWIEK@THDA^H H]GHJTA TA ]AN^K @K[EÈTIMA] K.[. ]THLK IIIH / [.]. KVH Tikr = K.[. ]THLK IIIN / [.]. KVH Tikr 4i

V^KVH^HDH VH^H V^AYKMTA] V^KVH^HDH H@TIL[A] Y @[KWA] Jh ﬎kxinijidhd ks kj pu`ta gukrtk dk jh HG\ =;6. Ks hdkmuhdh th`ta phrh `ukvhs ma`strummia`ks maea phrh kj eh`tk`ieik`ta dk mhrrktkrhs y rk`avhmiý` dkj phviek`thda, kspkmihjek`tk hj trhnhohr ma` ekzmjhs n ituei`ashs eadi﬈mhdhs ma` ma`ljaekrhdas h hjths tkepkrhturhs. Jh HG\ =;6 ks idkhj phrh rkdks dk mhrrktkrhs urnh`hs, mk`tras urnh`as, za`hs rkmrkhtivhs, phrci`ls y èrkhs quk rkquikrk` trhnhoas lk`krhjks dk rkphrhmiý` y eh`tk`ieik`ta. H pkshr dk sus maephmths diek`sia`ks, jh HG\ =;6 pukdk phviek`thr bhsth 4.; e dk h`mba. ]u hjth vkjamidhd dk skrvimia huek`th jh pradumtividhd, h jh vkz quk su hjth vkjamidhd dk dkspjhzheik`ta jk pkreitk munrir rèpidhek`tk disth`mihs marths dk u` ksphmia dk trhnhoa h atra si` `kmksidhd dk ushr u` skeirrkeajquk. Jh phviek`thdarh sanrk `kueètimas tik`k trks koks? das k` jh phrtk dkjh`tkrh phrh u`h dirkmmiý` ýptieh, y u` kok trhskra kquiphda ma` lrh`dks `kueètimas phrh pkreitir jh trhmmiý`, kspkmihjek`tk kgkmtiva sanrk supkr﬈miks njh`dhs. Jas koks dkjh`tkras asmijh`tks prksk`th` lrh`dks `kueètimas dk mhumba. [` sistkeh dk jh dirkmmiý` ma` naenh bidrèujimh praparmia`h suhvidhd k` kj ma`traj hj lirhr.

󰀾󰀶

DHTA] DK]THMHDA] DK JH EÈX[I@H •  H`mba dk phviek`thda dk 82=6”4;66 ee •  Kj h`mba dk jh eèqui`h pkreitk kj trh`spartk k` mheiý` si` tk`kr quk dksea`thrjh hj ushr cits dk kxtk`siý` dk > Ü >96 ee •  Das mi`ths trh`sparthdarhs rkvkrsinjks dk hmmia`heik`ta i`dkpk`dik`tk •  ]istkehs dk mhjkghmmiý` par par lhs y kjémtrima dispa`injks phrh jh rkljh •  Wkjamidhd eèxieh eèxieh dk gu`mia`heik`ta dk bhsth =; e/ei` (tkýrimhek`tk) •  Wkjamidhd eèxieh dk ehrmbh ehrmbh dk bhsth 8> 8> ce/b •  @kueètim @kueètima a dk ehyar thehøa k` su mjhsk (8;,;”^>;) •  Houstk kjkmtrabidrèujima dk jh hjturh dk si`gå` si`gå` •  ]istkeh kjkmtrabidrèujima dk dksmk`sa dkj tkmba •  Ekoar visinijidhd phrh kj apkrhdar k` eèqui`hs eèqui`hs dk ksth mjhsk •  Nhoh hjturh dk dksmhrlh phrh ghmijithr jh mhrlh dk ehtkrihj ehtkrihj

 

D C K G

O

M

I N

B H

L

^KLJH G]W =;6 / G]T =;6

VK]A Y DIEK@]IA@K] V K ] A DK ] K ^ W I MI A

;6 6 ee

Eå`. 266 ee (apmia`hj)

L

H @ M B A D K E ÈX [ I @ H

=86 6 ee

Kstè`dhr 82=6”=;66 ee

B

H @ M B A D K T ^ H @ ]V A ^ T K

82;6 ee

Eèx. 4;66 ee (apmia`hj)

I

DI DI]T ]TH@ H@MIH MIH K@T^K K@T^K ^[ ^[KD KDH] H]

8=> =>6 6 ee

O

HJT[^ H DK MH^LH DK EHT K^IHJ

C

J A @ L I T [ D D K D K V Ý ]I T A

26 6 ee W i n r h m i ý` Lhs / Kjémtrimh

;26 ee 87 76 ee

HJIEK@THMIÝ@ DK EHTK^IHJ MHVHMIDHD DKJ DKV Ý]I TA

EATA^ Y ]I]TKEH DK T^H@]EI]IÝ@ T ikr =

T i kr 4 i

D ku t z

D ku t z

TD>688J64i ^kgrilkrhmiý` par hmkitk / hirk

TMD >.9 J4 ^kgrilkrhmiý` par hluh

;> c\

;;.4 c\

]anrk `kueètimas

]anrk `kueètimas

@K[EÈTIMA]

8;.; ”^ >;

8;.; ”^>;

^[KDH] DI^KMMIA@HJ K ]

4 2; Ü >76

4 2; Ü >76

B i d r a s t èt i m h

B i d r a s t èt i m h

B i d r è uj i m h

B i d r è uj i m h

>.2; e

>.2; e

GHN^IMH@ TK TIVA ]I]TKEH DK ^KG^ILK^HMIÝ@ DKJ EATA^ V A T K @ M I H @ A EI @ H J MB H ] I ]

T I V A D K T ^ H @ ]E I ] I Ý @ T I V A D K DI ^ K MM I Ý @ ^ H D I A DK L I ^ A I @ T K ^ @ A

2t

MI@ TH] T^ T^ H@]VA ^THDA^ H ]

> ii` `dkpk`dik`tks, rk rkvkrsinjks

]I@GI@K ]

> i ` dk p k ` d i k ` t k s , r k v k r s i n j k s

H O[]TK DK HJT [^ H DK ]I@GÅ@

K j k m tr a b i d r è u j i m a

MHVHMIDHD DKJ DKVÝ]ITA M A E N [ ] T IN J K

9; j

HMK ITK BID^ È[JIMA

96 j

V[JWK^I_HDA^ DK KE[J]IÝ@

>; j

^K@DIEIK@TA MHVHMIDHD T KÝ ^IMH EÈ R . DK VHW IEK@THDA

>=6 t/b

L ^ A ] A ^ D K J H ] [ V K ^ GI M I K

; ”>26 ee

W K J A M I D H D ( T ^ È @ ]G K ^ )

6 ”8> ce/b

W KJAMIDHD (VHW IEK@ THDA)

6 ”=; e/ei`

󰀾󰀸

 

HGT =;6 VHWIEK@THDA^H DK H]GHJ VHWIEK@THDA^H H]GHJTA TA ]AN^K A^[LH] K.[. ]THLK IIIH / [.]. KVH Tikr = K.[. ]THLK IIIN / [.]. KVH Tikr 4i

EÈX[I@H MAEVHMTH MA@ A^[LH] Ksths phviek`thdarhs sa` idkhjks phrh ksphmias dk trhnhoa dk thehøa pkqukøa h ekdih`a, ma` k`tar`as rkdumidas k` jas quk sk rkquikrk ghmijidhd dk eh`ianrhs. H pkshr dk sus maephmths diek`sia`ks, pukdk` phviek`thr bhsth 4.; e dk h`mba. Ksth phviek`thdarh sanrk arulhs ks hdkmuhdh phrh ksphmias dk trhnhoa ma` supkr﬈miks digåmijks, y lhrh`tizh u`h rilurash `ivkjhmiý`. Jh eèqui`h sanrk arulhs tik`k hjeabhdijjhs dk laeh y u` sistkeh hutaeètima dk tk`shda ma` hmueujhdar dk junrimh`tk. Jh trh`seisiý` bidrastètimh kstè k`lrh`hdh par das naenhs dk mhudhj vhrihnjk quk hjiek`th` das eatarks, ma` das dkspjhzheik`tas quk kstè` dirkmthek`tk ma`kmthdas h jas k`lrh`hoks qukea`thda apkrh` jhs arulhs. ma`traj kjkmtrý`ima pjh`kthrias y praparmia`hj sanrk mhdh[` naenh praparmia`h u` pramksa dk hrrh`quk / phrhdh pralrksiva, y eh`tik`k u`h vkjamidhd housthdh ma`sth`tk.

DHTA] DK]THMHDA] DK JH EÈX[I@H •  H`mba dk phviek`thda dk 82=6”4;66 ee •  Kj h`mba dk jh eèqui`h pkreitk kj trh`spartk k` mheiý` si` tk`kr quk dksea`thrjh hj ushr cits dk kxtk`siý` dk > Ü >96 ee •  Das mi`ths trh`sparthdarhs rkvkrsinjks dk hmmia`heik`ta i`dkpk`dik`tk •  ]istkehs dk mhjkghmmiý` par par lhs y kjémtrima dispa`injks phrh jh rkljh •  Wkjamidhd eèxieh eèxieh dk gu`mia`heik`ta dk bhsth =; e/ei` (tkýrimhek`tk) •  Houstk kjkmtrabidrèujima dk jh hjturh dk si`gå` si`gå` •  ]istkeh kjkmtrabidrèujima dk dksmk`sa dkj tkmba •  Ekoar visinijidhd phrh kj apkrhdar k` eèqui`hs eèqui`hs dk ksth mjhsk •  Nhoh hjturh dk dksmhrlh phrh ghmijithr jh mhrlh dk ehtkrihj ehtkrihj

󰀾󰀾

 

D C K G

O

M

I N

B H

L

VK]A Y DIEK@]IA@K]

^KLJH G]W =;6 / G]T =;6

V K ] A DK ] K ^ W I MI A

6== ee

TIVA DK ^KLJH

D K

HJT[^ H DK EÈX[I@ H HJT[^ H DK T^ H@]VA ^T K

=4 26 ee >26 6 ee

MHJKGHMMIÝ@

G

HJT[^ H ]I@ T KMBA

>;6 6 ee

L

H @ M B A D K E ÈX [ I @ H

=86 6 ee

B

H @ M B A D K T ^ H @ ]V A ^ T K

82;6 ee

I

DI DI]T ]TH@ H@MIH MIH K@T^K K@T^K A^ A^[L [LH] H]

8=> =>6 6 ee

O

HJT[^ H DK MH^LH DK EHT K^IHJ

C

J A @ L I T [ D D K D K V Ý ]I T A

82=6 ”=;66 ee 4;6 6 ee 26 6 ee Winrhmiý` / Maephmthdar + Winrhmiý` Lhs / Kjémtrimh

Eå`. 266 ee (apmia`hj) Kstè`dhr 82=6”=;66 ee Eèx. 4;66 ee (apmia`hj)

;26 ee 87 76 ee

HJIEK@THMIÝ@ DK EHTK^IHJ MHVHMIDHD DKJ DKV Ý]I TA

EATA^ Y ]I]TKEH DK T^H@]EI]IÝ@ T ikr =

T i kr 4 i

D ku t z

D ku t z

TD>688J64i ^kgrilkrhmiý` par hmkitk / hirk

TMD >.9 J4 ^kgrilkrhmiý` par hluh

;> c\

;;.4 c\

A r u l hs

Ar ulhs

>6 >6== == Ü >;6 >;6 ee

>6 >6== == Ü >;6 >;6 ee

B i d r a s t èt i m h

B i d r a s t èt i m h

K j k m tr ý ` i m h

K j k m tr ý ` i m h

8.;6 e

8.;6 e

GHN^IMH@ TK TIVA ]I]TKEH DK ^KG^ILK^HMIÝ@ DKJ EATA^ V A T K @ M I H @ A EI @ H J MB H ] I ] ][VK^GIMIK DK MA@THMTA ]AN^K A^[LH] T I V A D K T ^ H @ ]E I ] I Ý @ T I V A D K DI ^ K MM I Ý @ ^ H D IA D K L I ^ A I @ T K ^ @ A

2t

MI@ TH] T^ T^ H@]VA ^THDA^ H ]

> ii` `dkpk`dik`tks, rk rkvkrsinjks

]I@GI@K ]

> i ` dk p k ` d i k ` t k s , r k v k r s i n j k s

H O[]TK DK HJT [^ H DK ]I@GÅ@

K j k m tr a b i d r è u j i m a

MHVHMIDHD DKJ DKVÝ]ITA T ikr =

T i kr 4 i

M A EN[ ] T I N J K

9; j

886 j

HM K I T K B I D ^ È[ J I M A

2; j

96 j

V[JW K^I_ HDA^ DK KE[J ]IÝ@

>; j

>; j

^K@DIEIK@TA MHVHMIDHD T KÝ ^IMH EÈ R . DK VHW IEK@THDA

>=6 t/b

L ^ A ] A ^ D K J H ] [ V K ^ GI M I K W K J A M I D H D ( T ^ È @ ]G K ^ )

; ”>26 ee 6 ”4 .; ce/b

W KJAMIDHD (VHW IEK@ THDA)

6 ”=; e/ei`

󰀾󰀽

 

HG\ ;66 VHWIEK@THDA^H DK H]GHJ VHWIEK@THDA^H H]GHJTA TA ]AN^K @K[EÈTIMA] K.[. ]THLK IIIH / [.]. KVH Tikr = K.[. ]THLK IW / [.]. KVH Tikr 4g

[@H EÈX[I@H V^AD[MTIWH V ^AD[MTIWH Y EH@KOHNJK Jh HG\ ;66 dksthmh k` ksphmias dk trhnhoas ekdias y lrh`dks quk rkquikrk` u`h nuk`h mhphmidhd dk eh`ianrh y u` hjta rk`dieik`ta. ]u kxmkpmia`hj distrinumiý` dkj pksa ma`vikrtk` h jh HG\ ;66 k` gèmij dk eh`kohr, h jh vkz quk su phviek`thda eèxiea dk 7.; e jh bhmk hpth phrh u`h hepjih lheh dk hpjimhmia`ks. Jh phviek`thdarh sanrk `kueètimas tik`k trks koks? das k` jh phrtk dkjh`tkrh phrh u`h dirkmmiý` ýptieh, y u` kok trhskra kquiphda ma` lrh`dks `kueètimas phrh pkreitir jh trhmmiý`, kspkmihjek`tk kgkmtiva sanrk supkr﬈miks njh`dhs. Jas koks dkjh`tkras asmijh`tks prksk`th` lrh`dks `kueètimas dk mhumba. [` sistkeh dk jh dirkmmiý` ma` naenh bidrèujimh praparmia`h suhvidhd k` kj ma`traj hj lirhr. Jh eèqui`h kstè dispa`injk ma` trhmmiý` k` >, 4 a 7 rukdhs, praparmia`h`da trhmmiý` k` supkr﬈miks digåmijks. Jh phviek`thdarh prksk`th das vkjamidhdks dk skrvimia y das vkjamidhdks dk dkspjhzheik`ta, pkreitik`da hså eavieik`tas rèpidas dk u`a hj atra kxtrkea dkj ksphmia dk trhnhoa.

󰀾󰀴

DHTA] DK]THMHDA] DK JH EÈX[I@H •  H`mba dk phviek`thda dk >;;6”7;66 >;;6”7;66 ee •  Das vkjamidhdks dk trhnhoa y das dk dkspjhzheik`ta •  Das mi`ths trh`sparthdarhs rkvkrsinjks dk hmmia`heik`ta i`dkpk`dik`tk •  ]istkehs dk mhjkghmmiý` par par lhs y kjémtrima dispa`injks phrh jh rkljh •  Houstk kjkmtrabidrèujima dk jh hjturh dk si`gå` si`gå` •  ]istkeh kjkmtrabidrèujima dk dksmk`sa dkj tkmba •  Kxmkjk`tk visinijidhd phrh kj apkrhdar •  Nhoh hjturh dk dksmhrlh phrh ghmijithr jh mhrlh dk ehtkrihj ehtkrihj

 

C D K G

O

M

I N

B H

L

VK]A Y DIEK@]IA@K]

^KLJH G]W ;66 / G]T ;66

V K ] A DK ] K ^ W I MI A

8; 66 6 cl

H@MBA K ]TÈ@DH^ DK VHW IEK@ THDA?

>;;6 ”4966 ee

H

J A @ L I T [ D D K E ÈX [ I @ H

786 6 ee

E È R . M A@ K R T K@] I Ý@

7;6 6 ee

N

J A @ L I T [ D D K T ^ H @ ]V A ^ T K

;2 76 ee

E Å @ . M A @ VJ H M H ] D K ^ K D [ M M I Ý @

8;6 6 ee

M

J H ^ L [^ H DK J K O K

89>> ee

TIVA DK ^KLJH

D K

HJT[^ H DK EÈX[I@H HJT[^ H DK T^ H @]VA ^TK

=;>6 ee =86 6 ee

MHJKGHMMIÝ@

G

HJT[^ H ]I@ T KMBA

=66 6 ee

L

H @ M B A D K E ÈX [ I @ H

=>46 ee

B

H @ M B A D K T ^ H @ ]V A ^ T K

>;;6 ee

I

DI DI]T ]TH@ H@MIH MIH K@T^K K@T^K ^[ ^[KDH KDH] ]

>6 >6< ;;6”4966 ee Eèx. 7;66 ee (apmia`hj)

7 6 6 ee >666 ee

HJIEK@THMIÝ@ DK EHTK^IHJ MHVHMIDHD DKJ DKV Ý]I TA

EATA^ Y ]I]TKEH DK T^H@]EI]IÝ@  Tikr =

Tikr 4g

Mueei`s

D ku t z

X] N 4. ; ^kgrilkrhmiý` par hluh

TMD 4.8 J4 ^kgrilkrhmiý` par hluh

889 c\

88; c\

]anrk `kueètimas

]anrk `kueètimas

@K[EÈTIMA]

8;

^ [K DH ] DI ^ K MM I A @ H J K ]

GHN^IMH@ TK TIVA ]I]TKEH DK ^KG^ILK^HMIÝ@ DKJ EATA^ V A T K @ M I H @ A EI @ H J MB H ] I ]

T I V A D K T ^ H @ ]E I] I Ý @ T I V A D K D I^ K M M I Ý @

]I @ G Å @

> i ` dk p k ` d i k ` t k s , r k v k r s i n j k s

H O[]TK DK HJT [^ H DK ]I@GÅ@

K j k m tr a b i d r è u j i m a

MHVHMIDHD DKJ DKVÝ]ITA M A EN[ ] T I N J K

9; j

886 j

8;

HM K I T K B I D ^ È[ J I M A

2; j

96 j

;=6 Ü =6 6

;=6 Ü =66

V[JW K^I_ HDA^ DK KE[J ]IÝ@

>; j

>; j

Bidrastètimh

Bidrastètimh

Bidrèujimh

B i d r è uj i m h

=.< e

=.< e

MHVHMIDHD T KÝ ^IMH EÈ R . DK VHW IEK@THDA

W KJAMIDHD (VHW IEK@ THDA)

> ii` `dkpk`dik`tks, rk rkvkrsinjks

T i kr 4 i

^K@DIEIK@TA

W K J A M I D H D ( T ^ È @ ]G K ^ )

MI@ TH] T^ T^ H@]VA ^THDA^ H ]

T ikr =

^ H D I A DK L I ^ A I @ T K ^ @ A

L ^ A ] A ^ D K J H ] [ V K ^ GI M I K

8> t

; 6 6 t /b ; ”=66 6 ”84 ce/b 6 ”46 e/ei`

󰀾󰀻

 

HGT ;66 VHWIEK@THDA^H DK H]GHJ VHWIEK@THDA^H H]GHJTA TA ]AN^K A^[LH] K.[. ]THLK IIIH / [.]. KVH Tikr = K.[. ]THLK IW / [.]. KVH Tikr 4g

A^[LH] I@TK@]IGIMHDA^H] DK JH VATK@MIH Jh HGT ;66 bh sida ma`struidh phrh praparmia`hr patk`mih y trhmmiý` bhsth k` jhs ma`dimia`ks eès digåmijks. ]u p atk`tk eatar y sus trhmmia`ks supkriarks jh ma`vikrtk` k` jh eèqui`h idkhj phrh trhnhoas dk lrh` k`vkrlhdurh, k` jas quk jh patk`mih y trhmmiý` su﬈mik`tks sa` mrumihjks phrh ma`skluir u`h nuk`h supkr﬈mik dk jh mhrrktkrh. Kj sistkeh dk arulhs dk jh HGT ;66 ti k`k hjeabhdijjhs dk laeh y u` sistkeh hutaeètima dk tk`shda ma` hmueujhdar dk junrimh`tk. Jh trh`seisiý` bidrastètimh kstè k`lrh`hdh par das naenhs dk mhudhj vhrihnjk quk hjiek`th` das eatarks, ma` das dkspjhzheik`tas quk kstè` dirkmthek`tk ma`kmthdas h jas k`lrh`hoks pjh`kthrias quk apkrh` jhs arulhs. [` ma`traj kjkmtrý`ima y praparmia`hj ea`thda sanrk mhdh n aenh praparmia`h u` pramksa dk hrrh`quk / phrhdh pralrksiva, y eh`tik`k u`h vkjamidhd housthdh ma`sth`tk.

DHTA] DK]THMHDA] DK JH EÈX[I@H •  H`mba dk phviek`thda dk >;;6”7;66 >;;6”7;66 ee •  Das mi`ths trh`sparthdarhs rkvkrsinjks dk hmmia`heik`ta i`dkpk`dik`tk •  ]istkehs dk mhjkghmmiý` par par lhs y kjémtrima dispa`injks phrh jh rkljh •  Houstk kjkmtrabidrèujima dk jh hjturh dk si`gå` si`gå` •  ]istkeh kjkmtrabidrèujima dk dksmk`sa dkj tkmba •  Kxmkjk`tk visinijidhd phrh kj apkrhdar •  Nhoh hjturh dk dksmhrlh phrh ghmijithr jh mhrlh dk ehtkrihj ehtkrihj

󰀾󰀷

 

D C K G

O

M

I N

B H

L

VK]A Y DIEK@]IA@K]

^KLJH G]W ;66 / G]T ;66

V K ] A DK ] K ^ W I MI A

8; 66 6 cl

H@MBA K ]TÈ@DH^ DK VHW IEK@ THDA?

>;;6 ”4966 ee

H

J A @ L I T [ D D K E ÈX [ I @ H

786 6 ee

E È R . M A@ K R T K@] I Ý@

7;6 6 ee

N

J A @ L I T [ D D K T ^ H @ ]V A ^ T K

;2 76 ee

E Å @ . M A @ VJ H M H ] D K ^ K D [ M M I Ý @

8;6 6 ee

M

J H ^ L [^ H DK J H N H @ DH

>; 26 ee

TIVA DK ^KLJH

D K

HJT[^ H DK EÈX[I@H HJT[^ H DK T^ H @]VA ^TK

=;>6 ee =86 6 ee

MHJKGHMMIÝ@

G

HJT[^ H ]I@ T KMBA

=66 6 ee

L

H @ M B A D K E ÈX [ I @ H

=>46 ee

B

H @ M B A D K T ^ H @ ]V A ^ T K

>;;6 ee

I

DI DI]T ]TH@ H@MIH MIH K@T^K K@T^K A^ A^[L [LH] H]

>6 >6< ;;6”4966 ee Eèx. 7;66 ee (apmia`hj)

7 6 6 ee >666 ee

HJIEK@THMIÝ@ DK EHTK^IHJ MHVHMIDHD DKJ DKV Ý]I TA

EATA^ Y ]I]TKEH DK T^H@]EI]IÝ@

8> t

MI@ TH] T^ T^ H@]VA ^THDA^ H ]

> ii` `dkpk`dik`tks, rk rkvkrsinjks

]I @ G Å @

> i ` dk p k ` d i k ` t k s , r k v k r s i n j k s

 Tikr =

Tikr 4g

M ue e i ` s

D ku t z

X ] N 4 .; ^kgrilkrhmiý` par hluh

TMD 4.8 J4 ^kgrilkrhmiý` par hluh

V A T K @ M I H @ A EI @ H J

889 c\

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M A E N [ ] T IN J K

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MB H ] I ]

Ar ulhs

A r u l hs

HM K I T K B I D ^ È[ J I M A

8; >;26 26 Ü = =66 66ee ee

>; >;26 26 Ü = =66e 66ee e

B i d r a s t èt i m h

B i dr a s t è t i m h

K j k m tr ý ` i m h

K jk m t r ý ` i m h

8.6 e

8.6 e

GHN^IMH@ TK TIVA ]I]TKEH DK ^KG^ILK^HMIÝ@ DKJ EATA^

][VK^GIMIK DK MA@THMTA ]AN^K A^[LH] T I V A D K T ^ H @ ]E I] I Ý @ T I V A D K D I^ K M M I Ý @ ^ H D I A DK L I ^ A I @ T K ^ @ A

^K@DIEIK@TA MHVHMIDHD T KÝ ^IMH EÈ R . DK VHW IEK@THDA

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L ^ A ] A ^ D K J H ] [ V K ^ GI M I K W K J A M I D H D ( T ^ È @ ]G K ^ )

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W KJAMIDHD (VHW IEK@ THDA)

6 ”=< e/ei`

H O[]TK DK HJT [^ H DK ]I@GÅ@

K j k m tr a b i d r è u j i m a

MHVHMIDHD DKJ DKVÝ]ITA

V[JWK^I_HDA^ DK KE[J]IÝ@

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^KLJH] JH] ^KLJH] DK HEEH@@ W[KJWK W[KJWK@ @ JJH] H] VHWIEK VHWIEK@T @THDA^H] HDA^H] [@H AVMIÝ@ TADHWÅH EKOA^ X[K ]K HDHVTH@ H[@ EKOA^ H []TKD

KJIOH JH J H ^KLJH X[K ]H ]HTI]GHL TI]GHLH H ][] @KMK]IDHDK] Jas sistkehs pukdk` mhjkghmthrsk ma` lhs (JVL) a marrik`tk kjémtrimh? u`h nuk`h kjkmmiý` hj trhnhohr k` èrkhs sk`sinjks h jas ruidas, maea za`hs rksidk`mihjks. Yh skh par lhs a kjém trimhek`tk, jhs rkljhs mhjik`th` dk gareh ektimujash y u`igarek, hjla ksk`mihj phrh dkohr htrès u`h supkr﬈mik jish.

^KTI^H^ K]TH VHJHW^H (^KLJH)

]N 8=66 L

G]W >

HG \ / T >.;; e

>.;; e

H @ M B A H N I K ^ TA

8.=6 e

>.; e

6 .; 6 e

6 .2 6 e

6. 26 e

8.;6 e

8.;6 e

H@MBA EÈ R . DK VHW IEK@ THDA

8.7; e

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4 .6 2 / 4 .; 6 e

4 .6 2 / 4 .; 6 e

7 .; 6 e

7.;6 e

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6/87;6 r pe

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6/8;6 rpe

6/=>66 rpe

6/=>66 r pe

6/=>66 rpe

6/=>66 r pe

L hs

L hs / K j é m t r i m h

L h s / K j é m tr i m h

L hs / K j é m t r i m h

L h s / K j é m tr i m h

L hs / K j é m t r i m h

MAEVHM THDA^ MH JKGHMTH@ TK

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> Ü >96 ee > Ü ;66 ee

> Ü 266 ee

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¸ > .6 %

¸ 4. ; %

+ 4 . 6 - > .; %

+ 4 .6 - > .; %

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Apmia`hj

Apmia`hj

Apmia`hj

Apmia`hj

Apmia`hj

8=6 cl

>7 cl

8=>7 cl

>966 cl

=84 4 cl

> Ü ;> cl

> Ü ;> cl

> Ü 76 (>96) cl

> Ü 2> (>96) cl > Ü 882 (;66) cl

> Ü 4>; cl

> Ü 422 cl

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Apmia`hj

A p m i a ` hj

K s t è` d hr

K s t è ` dh r

K s t è ` dh r

K s t è ` dh r

K s t è ` dh r

K s t è ` dh r

VHW IEK@THDA^ H DK H ]GHJTA

MAEVHM TH DA^ W I N^ H MI Ý @ MHJ KGHMMIÝ@ (LH] / K JÉMT^IMH )

KRTK@]IA@K] EKMÈ@IMH] V K ^ G I J DK J H M A ^ A @ H HO[]TK DKJ VK^GIJ DK JH MA^A@H BID^È[JIMH VK ]A VK]A (KRTK@]IA@K] EKMÈ@IMH]) VJ HMH ] J HTK^ HJK ] LI^ HTA^IH ] VJ HTHGA ^EH VJKLHNJK

Mhjkghmmiý` kjémtrimh.

Mhjkghmmiý` par lhs.

󰀾󰀲

 

Kj sistkeh huxijihr I]^ ks u` dispasitiva kjkmtrabidrèujima quk dksmhrlh kj pksa dk jh rkljh, pkreitik`da hså u` huek`ta k` jh pragu`didhd dkj phviek`thda. Kj sistkeh thenié` ekoarh jh trhmmiý` trh`s﬈rik`da kj pksa dk j h rkljh h j hs rukdhs u arulhs trhskrhs. Thenié` eh`tik`k hrrinh jh rkljh muh`da jh eèqui`h kstè k` eada dk rkpasa. ]k pukdk hmmkdkr gèmijek`tk hj i`tkrruptar dk ma`traj dk jh prksiý` phrh kj I]^ dksdk jh pjhthgareh dk jh rkljh, pkreitik`da hså h jas apkrhdarks kgkmtuhr rèpidhek`tk jas trhnhoas dk houstk `kmkshrias k` jh rkljh. Jh prksiý` bidrèujimh utijizhdh phrh dksmhrlhr jh rkljh sk eukstrh k` u` lrh` i`dimhdar, pkreitik`da hså hj apkrhdar shnkr kxhmthek`tk ma` muè`ta hpaya kstè trhnhoh`da kj sistkeh I]^ hmtuhjek`tk. Heeh`` agrkmk vhrihs rkljhs phrh jas digkrk`tks tipas dk phviek`thdarhs. Vhrh jhs phviek`thdarhs lrh`dks, jhs rkljhs kstè` dispa`injks maea rkljhs vinrhtarihs, a ma` maephmthdarks y apmia`ks vinrhtarihs phrh jas eadkjas eès lrh`dks dk phviek`thdarhs.

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VA]T-WK@TH ]IKEV^K DI]VA@INJK Heeh`` bh taehda ekdidhs phrh ma`trinuir h lhrh`tizhr quk jhs phviek`thdarhs ksté` k` gu`mia`heik`ta, y quk ma`ti`ÿk` hså. [` hspkmta mjhvk bh sida u` h`èjisis dkthjjhda dk jas maepa`k`tks mråtimas dk jh phviek`thdarh y dk sus `ivkjks dk kxistk`mihs phrh aptieizhr jh dispa`inijidhd dk jhs pikzhs. Kstk h`èjisis i`mjuåh u` kxhek` dk jh utijizhmiý` dk jhs pikzhs par tada kj eu`da. Jas kxpkrtas dk Heeh`` kxhei`hra` jhs eèqui`hs, jas amepa`k`tks, jh vidh ÿtij dk jhs pikzhs y jhs hpjimhmia`ks, k`trk atras ghmtarks. Kj rksujthda? dispa`k dk jhs pikzhs quk `kmksith k` su ousta eaek`ta.

CIT] DK KEK^LK@MIH

CIT] DK VIK_H] DK DK]LH]TK

Jas cits dk kekrlk`mih sa` kj rksujthda dkj trhnhoa rkhjizhda phrh agrkmkr jh dispa`inijidhd dk jhs pikzhs eès ieparth`tks. ]iepji﬈mh` kj skrvimia i` situ, lhrh`tizh`da quk tadhs jhs pikzhs ksté` dispa`injks muh`da skh `kmkshria. Jas cits i`mjuyk` jas maepa`k`tks eès ieparth`tks, pkra thenié` sk prksth lrh` htk`miý` h pravkkr jhs «mashs pkqukøhs³, maea tar`ijjas y tukrmhs, puksta quk padråh` mhushr rktrhsas si ghjth`. Jas cits yh kstè` dispa`injks phrh mhdh eadkja dk phviek`thdarh dk Heeh``.

Jhs phviek`thdarhs k`trh` k` ma`thmta ma` ehtkrihj hnrhsiva k` dktkrei`hdhs hpjimhmia`ks eès kxilk`tks, y bhy mikrths pikzhs dk dkslhstk quk sa` i`kvithnj ks. Jas cits dk p ikzhs dk dkslhstk praparmia`h` hbarh u`h sustitumiý` k﬈mik`tk y dk nhoa mastk phrh kst hs pikzhs. Hj iluhj quk sumkdk ma` jas cits dk kekrlk`mih, jas cits dk prk`dhs i`mjuyk` tadhs jhs pikzhs `kmkshrihs? lrh`dks y pkqukøhs, phrh lhrh`tizhr quk kj tikepa dk phrhdh dk jh phviek`thdarh ks kj eå`iea pasinjk.

󰀽󰀶

 

GA^EHMIÝ@ JH MJHWK DKJ ÉRITA K@ KJ K]VHMIA DK T^HNHOA Jas ma`trhtisths dk phviek`thmiý` dk éxita shnk` quk jh garehmiý` dk su pkrsa`hj shjk eès quk rk`thnjk lrhmihs h jh ekoarh k` jh pradumtividhd y k` jh k﬈mik`mih dkj ksphmia dk trhnhoa. Heeh`` agrkmk garehm garehmiý` iý` th`ta h jh muhdrijjh dk anrkras maea h jas tém`imas dk eh`tk`ieik`ta dk jhs eèqui`hs.

GA^EHMIÝ@ ]AN^K JH VH VHWIEK@THDA^H WIEK@THDA^H

GA^EHMIÝ@ VH^H T^HNHOA] DK EH@TK@IEIK@TA

[` hspkmta mjhvk dk jh garehmiý` sanrk jh phviek`thdarh ks su maeni`hmiý` dk tikepa dk mjhsk tkýrimh y garehmiý` prèmtimh. Hj lrupa dk apkrhrias sk jks iephr tk` mursas k` jh mjhsk, y thenié` dirkmthek`tk k` jhs phviek`thdarhs phrh hyudhrjks h hsamihr ja hprk`dida k` jh mjhsk ma` kj ksphmia dk trhnhoa. Jas pralrhehs kstè` dispa`injks k` vhrihs i`sthjhmia`ks dk Heeh``, y thenié` pukdk` pkrsa`hjizhrsk phrh sus `kmksidhdks kspkmå﬈mhs.

Tik`k h su dispasimiý` kxpkrtas phrh k`skøhrjks h sus tém`imas dk eh`tk`ieik`ta h mýea kgkmtuhr jas trhnhoas trh nhoas dk eh`tk`ieik`ta y rkphrhmiý` dk jhs phviek`thdarhs dk Heeh``. Kstk mursa hyudhrè h sus tém`imas h praja`lhr jh vidh dk sus phviek`thdarhs y h aptieizhr jh dispa`inijidhd dk jh eèqui`h, jh muhj, h su vkz, eh`tik`k h su kquipa pradumtiva. Jh garehmiý` phrh trhnhoas dk eh`tk`ieik`ta kstè dispa`injk k` divkrshs i`sthjhmia`ks dk Heeh`` a sus distrinuidarks.

󰀽󰀸

 

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