Paver Block

CEMENT CONCRETE TILES AND PAVING BLOCK

PRODUCT : QUALITY AND STANDARD:

CEMENT PAVERS NIL

MONTH & YEAR : PREPARED BY :

HAR EN ENTERPRISES,  VILL. KADIANA, NEAR SHAM CHAURASI DISTT DISTT.. HOSHIA HOSHIARPU RPUR R

1. INTRODUCTION

Ceme Cement nt conc concre rette tile tiles s and and pavi paving ng bloc blocks ks are are prec precas astt soli solid d products products made of out of cement cement concrete. concrete. The product is made in various sizes and shape viz. rectangular, square blocks of  differ different ent dimens dimension ions s with with design designs s for for interl interlock ocking ing of adjace adjacent nt tiles blocks. The raw materials required for manufacture of the product are Portland cement and aggregates which are available locally in every part of the country . 1.1. MARKET POTENTIAL

Cement concrete tiles and paving blocks find applications in paymen payment, t, footpa footpaths ths,, garden gardens, s, passen passenger ger waitin waiting g sheds, sheds, busbusstops, industry and other public places. The product is commonly used urban area for the above applications. Hence, the unit may be set up in urban and semi-urban areas.  A lot of face-lift is being given to roads, footpaths along the road roadsi side de.. Conc Concre rete te pavi paving ng bloc blocks ks are are idea ideall mate materi rial al on the the footpaths for easy laying, better look and finish. Whereas the tiles find extensive use outside large building and houses, lots of  this materials are used in flouring in the open areas of public offices and commercial buildings and residential apartments

2. TECHNICAL ASPECTS

Proc Proces ess s of Manu Manufa fact ctur ure e Cement concrete is a mixture of Portland cement, aggregates and water. er. Aggr Aggre egates pass passin ing g th thrrough 4.7mm 7mm IS sie sieve are kn kno own as fin ine e aggregates and the aggregates retained on this sieve are coarse aggregates. The process of manufacture of cement concrete paving blocks invvol in olvi ving ng th the e fol ollo lowi wing ng steps teps : a) Propo Proporti rtioni oning ng b) Mixi Mixing ng c) Com Compac pactin ting g d) Cu Curi ring ng e) Dryi Drying ng

(a) (a) Prop Propor orti tion onin ing g: A concr ncrete mi mixx of 1:2: 1:2:4 4 by vo volu lum me may be used sed for cemen ementt con onccrete pavi pavin ng blocks with water to ceme ement ratio of 0.62. The concrete mix sho should not be richer than 1:6 by volume of cement to combined aggregates before mixing. Fineness ess modules of combined aggr ggrega egates should be in the range of 3.6 to 4.0.

(b) Mixing : All the raw material are placed in the concrete mixture is rotated for 15 minutes. The prepared mix is discharged from the mixture consumed in the next 30 minutes.

(c) Compacting :

Vibrating table may be used for compacting the concrete mix in the moul mo ulds ds of desi desirred siz size and sha shapes. pes.

VIBRATING VIBRATING TABLE

After compacting the blocks are demoulded and kept for 24 hours in a shelter away from direct sun and wind.

(d) Curing : The blocks thus hardened and cured with water to permit completed moisturisation for 14 to 21 days. Water in the curing tanks is changed every 3 to 4 days, after curing the blocks are dried in natural atm tmo osphere and sent for used. The concre crete paving blocks gain good strength during the first 3 days of curing secured in the first 10 to 15 days of curing.

(e) Drying : After curing, blocks are allowed to dry in shade so that the initial shrinkage of the block is completed before they are used in the work. A drying period of 7 to 15 days would normally complete the drying shr shrinkage after which they can be used sed. The concrete tiles are sim similar larity produced with the help of semi-dry tracing of the mixture allow to set for 24-36 hours, it is cured in the tank for 15 days.

3. Design Mix Concrete : (a) All pavers pavers designated by strength shall be treated as design mix concrete. The aggregate and cement shall be measured by weight in an approved approved weigh batching equipment. Mixing water shall be measured in graduated graduated liter cans. One or more complete bags of cement shall be used for each batch of concrete. (b) The contractor contractor shall be responsible responsible for designing mixes mixes of the specified performance to suit the degree of workability and characteristic strength. The mix design shall be finalized before manufacturing of the paver considering a set of suppliers for cement, sand and aggregates. In case of any change of suppliers of cement, sand or aggrega agg regates, tes, party should have design mix ready for alternate suppliers. (c) The minimum cement content for compacted concrete of pavers shall not be less than 380 Kg / cum.

(d) The maximum water cement ratio ratio for pavers concrete shall not be more than 0.40. (e) The design mix proportions for each set of raw material ial suppliers shall be finalized and approved by the authorized lab for the required compressive strength and the lab report with proportions should be available with the vendor at all times for scrutiny and verification purpose.

4. RAW RAW MATER TERIAL IALS 4.1 CEME CEMENT NT : The Th e cem cement ent used used in th the e manuf anufac actu turre of high high qu qual alit ityy prec precas astt conc concrrete ete pav paving ing blo blocks cks shal shalll be con onfformi orming ng to IS 1226 12269 9 (53 (53 grad grade e ordi ordina nary ry Portla rtland nd ceme ement) or IS 8112 (43 grade ordinary nary Portland cement) or IS 1489 (Part art 1) (Portand-po (Portand-pozzo zzolana lana cement – fly fly ash ash base based) d).. Th The e mi mini nim mum ceme cemen nt con onttent ent in con oncr cret ete e used used for maki making ng pav paver blo blocks cks sho should uld be 380 380 kg/C kg/Cum um..

4.2 AGGREG AGGREGA ATES : The Th e fine fine and and coar coarse se aggr aggreg egat ates es shal shalll cons consis istt of natu naturrally ally occu occurr rrin ing g crus crushe hed d or un uncr crus ushe hed d mat materia erials ls,, whic which h apar apartt from from th the e grad gradin ing g requi equirremen ements ts comp comply ly with wi th IS 383383-19 1970 70.. Th The e fine fine aggr aggreg ega ates used used shal shalll cont contai ain n a mi mini nimu mum m of  25% 25% natu naturral sili silico con n sand sand.. Li Lim me ston stone e agg aggrega egates shal shalll no nott be used used.. Aggr ggregates sha shall contain no more than han 3% by weig eight of cla clay & sha shall be free from from dele deletterio erious us salt saltss and con onttami mina nant nts. s. Zone iv sand sand shal shalll no nott be acce accept ptab able le.. Co Cour urse se aggr aggreg ega ate shal shalll be 10 mm and and belo below w.

4.3 WATER : The water shall be clean and free from any deleterious matter. It shall meet meet th the e requi equirremen ements ts stip stipul ula ated in IS: IS: 456456-20 2000 00..

4.4 4.4 OTHE OTHER R MATE MATERI RIAL ALS S: Any Any oth the er mat materia erials ls / in ing gredie edien nts used sed in the concre crete sha shall conf confo orm to I.S. Specifica Specifications tions..

5.5 HARDENER : The quantity of hardener used for making paver block is 0.6% per bag of cement. The main advantage of hardener is that the paver block could take out from mould within two days, which results rapid incr in cre ease in manu nuffactur cturiing pav paver bl bloc ockk in a less less peri perio od of tim time.

5. TESTING OF PAVER BLOCK

(i) Paver Block Dimension Thickness

 

60mm

Shape

I-shaped (with no hollow or cracks)

Colour

Natural cement grey colour without use of any pigment.

Dimensio sional Tolerance

Tolerance as per: 15658-2006

(ii) Compressive Strength Test Sampling and Testing Procedure strictly As Per IS  – 15658:2006.The compressive strength requirement of concrete paverblock shall be minimum 47.2 MPa (N/mm²) for 28 days (Testing as per IS-15658:200) after applying the correction factor as per IS-15658:2006.

SAMPLE

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH(N/mm² STRENGTH(N/mm²))

1st Block

40.0

2nd Block

42.10

3rd Block

45.0

4th Block

43.0

5th Block

46.0

6th Block

44.25

7th Block

43.40

8th Block

43.60

(iii) SIZE AND GRADING OF AGGREGATES AGGREGATES Grad Gr aded ed Aggr Aggreg egat ates es : Graded coarse aggregates may be supplied in the nominal sizes given in IS:383-1970. Fine ine Aggregates : The grading of fine aggregates, when determined as described in IS: 2386 (Part I)-1963 shall be within the limits given in IS:383-1970 Table 4 and shall be described as fine aggregates, Grading Zones I, II, II, III III and and IV: IV: Wher Where* e* the the grad gradin ing g fall falls s outs outsid ide e the the limi limits ts of any any particular grading zone of sieves other than 600-micron IS Sieve by a total amount not exceeding 5 percent, it shall be regarded as falling with within in that that grad gradin ing g zone zone.. This This tole tolera ranc nce e shal shalll not not be appl applie ied d to perc percen enta tage ge pass passin ing g the the 600600-mi micr cron on IS Siev Sieve e or to perc percen enta tage ge passing other sieve size on the coarse limit of Grading Zone I or the finer limit of Grading  Zone IV.

Coarse Fraction : Total mass of sample = 2000g S.No

Observations IS Sieve

Size of opening

Calculations

Mass of material retained

(%) retained

Cumulative (%)

retained

(%) Finer

1.

80mm

80mm

-

-

-

100

2.

63mm

63mm

-

-

-

100

3.

40mm

40mm

-

-

-

100

4.

20mm

20mm

327 g

16.35

16.35

83.65

5.

12.5mm 12.5mm

1601 g

80.05

96.4

3.6

6.

10mm

52.2 g

2.61

99.01

0.99

7.

4.75mm 4.75mm

19.6 g

0.98

100

0

10mm

Fine Fraction: Total mass of sample = 2000g S.No

Observations IS Sieve

Calculations

Size of opening

Mass of material retained

(%) retained

Cumulative (%)

retained

(%) Finer

1.

4.75mm

4.75mm

123.5g

6.18

6.18

93.82

2.

2.36mm

2.36mm

255g

12.6

18.78

81.22

3.

1.18mm

1.18mm

443.2g

22.16

40.94

59.06

4.

600u

0.600mm

416.5g

20.83

61.77

38.23

5.

425u

0.425mm

254.0g

12.7

74.47

25.53

6.

300u

0.300mm

292.4g

14.6

89.07

10.93

7.

150u

0.150mm

197.4g

9.87

98.94

1.06

8.

75u

0.075mm

9.0g

0.45

99.39

0.61

9.

Pan

-

8.7g

0.44

100

0

From From abov above e resu results lts,, it is cleare cleared d that that all all aggr aggreg egat ates es are are used used in correct proportions for making paver blocks as per IS : 380-1970. UNIFORM INTERLOCKING SPACES : The pavers should have uniform interlocking space of 2mm to 3mm to ensure compacted sand filling after vibration on the paver surface. BY: BY: