Pavement and Materials Design Manual 1999 - CHAPTER 8

      

         Project appraisal Ch

Environment

   S    T    N    E    M    E    L    E    N    G    I    S    E    D

Cross Section, Shoulders and Drainage Traffic Subgrade Ch

Problem Soils Pavement Paveme nt Materials

Comparison of alternatives and selection of design Refinement of design, if required

   L    A    R    U    T    N    C    G    I    U    S    R    E    T    S    D

        Pavement Rehabilitation Bituminous Surfacings Gravel Roads

                 

     

      



                



                                                                          

   

 

                                                                                               

granular granular

riding quality

rut depth

cracking time and traffic granular cemented

pre-cracked post-cracked phase phase

influence  of water

curvature deflection deformation  

traffic

                                                                                                                                       

         



                                  



                   

                                      

        

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            

                                    bituminous mix granular or cemented

riding quality

rut depth

cracking time and traffic

                    

penetration macadam granular or cemented

riding quality

deformation

cracking time and traffic



 

                                                                                                                                                                                                

                                                       

cemented cemented (preferred)

riding quality

cracking rut depth time and traffic

                       

      



 

                                                                                        

   



             

       



     



  



   



   

                                



 



                 

              

                                    

        

        

 

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

     

      

                            

 

 

 

 

 

                                                                                

  

   

        



    

     

 

   

   

      

     

   



   

   

      

     

   

    

    

   

    

      

   

  

    

   

  

      

   

  

    

   

  

   

   

                                       

     



       



          



           

                                                           

 



    

      



  

                    

          

                                    

 

              

 

           

 

    

 

       

 

      

                                                                       

     

      

               Traffic: - Traffic Load Classes, including the heavy ( -H )   classes:  /Chapter 4/ 

Base course type:

Subgrade design: - Design for CBR less than 15%:  /Chapter 5/  - Material standards of improved subgrade   layers:  /Chapter 5/ 

Granular 

 Surfacing design: - Surface treatments, carriageway:  /Chapter 10.2 to 10.4/  - Shoulders:  /Chapter 10.7/  - Asphalt concrete:  /Chapter 10.8/  Material requirements: - Granular or cemented materials for subbase layers or base course: /Chapter 7/  - Bituminous surfacings:  /Chapter 10/  Heavy Traffic Load Classes (-H) apply for E80 >0.2 million under conditions where more than 50% of E80 comes from axles loaded to above13 tonnes.

   g For the heavy Traffic Load    n    i  Classes (TLC 05-H to TLC 20-H )    c    a    f    r   u General requirements    S    e  For the heavy Traffic Load    s  Classes (TLC 05-H to TLC 20-H )    r   u    o    c    e    s    a  General requirements    B

 For the heavy Traffic Load  Classes (TLC 05-H to TLC 20-H )    )    1

Climatic zones:

Traffic Load Classes < 0.2

0.2 - 0.5

 

0.5 - 1.0

TLC 02 TLC 05 TLC 1   (not   applicable)

as below

as below

1-3

(million E80) 3 - 10

10 - 20

ST

as below

ST

ST

150mm

150mm

CRS

CRS

CRR

150mm

150mm

150mm

G60

G80

G80

  (not   applicable)

ST

125mm

AC

AC

100mm

50mm

ST

50mm

as below

as below

150mm

150mm

150mm

CRS

CRR

CRR

as below

as below

2)

200mm   (not   applicable)

as below

as below

CM

150mm

+ 150mm

150mm

150mm

G25

G45

20 - 50

TLC 3 TLC 10 TLC 20 TLC 50

AC

   e    s    a    b    b   u    S General requirements

Subgrade

Dry / Moderate 

 /Figure 2.1/ 

200mm

200mm

200mm

G45

G45

C1

C2 C1

CBR > 15%

                                 

     

      

          

  Traffic: - Traffic Load Classes, including the heavy (-H ) lasses:  /Chapter 4/ 

Base course type:

  Subgrade design: - Design for CBR less than 15%:  /Chapter 5/  - Material standards of improved subgrade layers: /Chapter 5/ 

Granular 

Surfacing design: - Surface treatments, carriageway:  /Chapter 10.2 to 10.4/  - Shoulders:  /Chapter 10.7/  - Asphalt concrete:  /Chapter 10.8/  Material requirements: - Granular or cemented materials for subbase layers or base course: /Chapter 7/  - Bituminous surfacings: /Chapter 10/  Heavy Traffic Load Classes (-H) apply for E80 >0.2 million under conditions where more than 50% of E80 comes from axles loaded to above13 tonnes.

   g For the heavy Traffic Load    n    i  Classes (TLC 05-H to TLC 20-H )    c    a    f    r   u General requirements    S

Climatic zones:

Traffic Load Classes < 0.2

0.2 - 0.5

   )    1

 For the heavy Traffic Load  Classes (TLC 05-H to TLC 20-H )

  (not   applicable)

ST

as below

ST

1-3

3 - 10

10 - 20

AC

AC

100mm

AC

100mm

50mm

AC

AC

50mm

50mm

as below

as below

150mm

150mm

CRS

CRR

CRR

150mm

150mm

150mm

150mm

150mm

150mm

G80

G80

CRS

CRS

CRR

CRR

as below

as below

as below

  (not   applicable)

125mm

200mm   (not   applicable)

as below

CM

150mm

+ 150mm

150mm

150mm

G25

G45

20 - 50

TLC 3 TLC 10 TLC 20 TLC 50

ST

 General requirements



as below

(million E80)

ST

   e    s    a    b    b   u    S

Subgrade

0.5 - 1.0

TLC 02 TLC 05 TLC 1

 For the heavy Traffic Load

   e    s Classes (TLC 05-H to TLC 20-H )    r   u    o    c    e    s    a General requirements    B

Wet 

 /Figure 2.1/ 

200mm

200mm

200mm

G45

CM

C1

C2 C1

CBR > 15%

                 

     

      

      

  Traffic: - Traffic Load Classes, including the heavy ( -H )   classes:  /Chapter 4/ 

Base course type:

 Subgrade design: - Design for CBR less than 15%:  /Chapter 5/  - Material standards of improved subgrade   layers:  /Chapter 5/ 

Cemented 

Surfacing design: - Surface treatments, carriageway:  /Chapter 10.2 to 10.4/  - Shoulders:  /Chapter 10.7/  - Asphalt concrete:  /Chapter 10.8/  Material requirements: - Granular or cemented materials for subbase layers or base course: /Chapter 7/  - Bituminous surfacings: /Chapter 10/  Heavy Traffic Load Classes (-H) apply for E80 >0.2 million under conditions where more than 50% of E80 comes from axles loaded to above13 tonnes.

   g  For the heavy Traffic Load    n    i  Classes   (TLC 05-H to TLC 20-H )    c    a    f    r   u  General requirements    S

Climatic zones:

All 

 /Figure 2.1/ 

Traffic Load Classes < 0.2

0.2 - 0.5

0.5 - 1.0

TLC 02 TLC 05 TLC 1  (not   applicable)

as below

as below

(million E80)

1-3

3 - 10

10 - 20

TLC 3 TLC 10 TLC 20 TLC 50 AC

as below

AC

100mm

50mm

AC

ST

ST

ST

ST

50mm

as below

as below

as below

as below

as below

150mm

150mm

150mm

150mm

150mm

150mm

CM

C1

C1

C2

C2

C2

150mm

150mm

as below

as below

125mm

150mm

ST

 For the heavy Traffic Load

   e    s  Classes   (TLC 05-H to TLC 20-H )    r   u    o    c    e    s    a  General requirements    B

 For the heavy Traffic Load  Classes   (TLC 05-H to TLC 20-H )    )    1

  (not   applicable)

200mm   (not   applicable)

   e    s    a    b    b   u    S General requirements

Subgrade 

CM

C1

CM

+

+

125mm

150mm

200mm 150mm

150mm

150mm

G25

G45

G45

20 - 50

G45

C1 CM

C1 C1

CBR > 15%

                 

     

      

             Traffic: - Traffic Load Classes:  /Chapter 4/ 

Base course type:

Subgrade design: - Design for CBR less than 15%:  /Chapter 5/  - Material standards of improved subgrade   layers:  /Chapter 5/  Surfacing design: - Surface treatments, carriageway:  /Chapter 10.2 to 10.4/  - Shoulders:  /Chapter 10.7/  - Asphalt concrete:  /Chapter 10.8/  Material requirements: - Granular or cemented materials for subbase   layers: /Chapter 7/  - Bituminous base course:  /Chapter 7/  - Bituminous surfacings:  /Chapter 10/   No special pavement design alternatives are required for the heavy Traffic Load Classes (TLC 05-H to TLC 50-H  for ) this pavement type.

   g    n    i    c    a    f    r   u    S

   e    s    r   u  Alternative material types:    o    c    e    s    a    B

Bituminous  mix  Climatic zones:  /Figure 2.1/ 

All 

Traffic Load Classes (million E80) < 0.2

0.2 - 0.5

0.5 - 1.0

TLC 02 TLC 05 TLC 1

ST

DBM 30   FBMIX   BEMIX

60mm

ST

DBM 30   FBMIX BEMIX

80mm

ST

1-3

3 - 10

100mm

20 - 50

TLC 3 TLC 10 TLC 20 TLC 50

ST

  LAMBS DBM 40 DBM 30   FBMIX BEMIX

10 - 20

  LAMBS DBM 40 DBM 30   FBMIX BEMIX

125mm

ST   LAMBS DBM 40 DBM 30   FBMIX

150mm

AC

AC

50mm

50mm

  LAMBS DBM 40

175mm

  LAMBS DBM 40

200mm

   )    1

   e    s    a    b    b   u    S

Subgrade 

125mm

+ 125mm 150mm

150mm

150mm

G45

G45

G45

200mm

200mm

200mm

G45

G45

CM

CBR > 15%

                 

CM CM

     

      

          Traffic: - Traffic Load Classes: /Chapter 4/ 

Base course type:

Subgrade design: - Design for CBR less than 15%:  /Chapter 5/  - Material standards of improved subgrade   layers:  /Chapter 5/  Surfacing design: - Surface treatments, carriageway:  /Chapter 10.2 to 10.4/  - Shoulders:  /Chapter 10.7/  - Asphalt concrete: /Chapter 10.8/  Material requirements: - Granular or cemented materials for subbase   layers: /Chapter 7/  - Penetration Macadam:  /Chapter 7/  - Bituminous surfacings:  /Chapter 10/  No special pavement design alternatives are required for the heavy Traffic Load Classes (TLC 05-H to TLC 50-H) for this pavement type.

   g    n    i    c    a    f    r   u    S

   e    s    r   u    o    c    e    s    a    B

Penetration  Macadam  Climatic zones:

All 

 /Figure 2.1/ 

Traffic Load Classes (million E80) < 0.2

0.2 - 0.5

0.5 - 1.0

TLC 02 TLC 05 TLC 1

1-3

3 - 10

ST

AC

AC

AC

100mm

100mm

125mm

125mm

125mm

50mm

50mm

PM30

PM30

PM80

PM80

PM80

50mm

ST

20 - 50

TLC 3 TLC 10 TLC 20 TLC 50

AC

ST

10 - 20

100mm

100mm

PM60

PM60

50mm

   )    1

   e    s    a    b    b   u    S

Subgrade 

150mm 125mm

+

+

150mm

125mm 200mm 150mm

150mm

150mm

150mm

G45

G45

CM

CM

CM

C1 CM

CBR > 15%

                 

C1 CM

      

      

 

               



                        



                       



                         

 

                            



                        



                        

 

                         



                              

  

                  