Paulo Freire

 

@geuhtgi ia [sbechcdæg Ubdfuji @raui Bjecrpcrgig g hg Q.G.EN. Hbeajebgturg aj [sbechcdæg

 

[guhc @rabra

[rasajtg< Gjg Ogrhg Dutbârraz Gfgrc Gsbdjgturg ia Yacrægs ia hg bjstrueebõj Iceajta Hbe. Yarasbtg Grfajiçrbz ]ay Enbnugnug, Enbn., g =9 ia Gdcstc ia =;=7.

 

Mbcdrg`æg< Nblc ia ujg `gfbhbg ia ehgsa faibg pcmra ia ]aeb`a ]aeb`a,, Mrgsbh Mrgsbh,, jgebõ ah 72 ia saptbafmra ia 72=7. @rabra ecjcebõ hg pcmrazg y ah ngfmra iurgjta hg Drgj Iaprasbõj ia Iaprasbõj  ia 72=2 72=2,, ujg axparbajebg qua `crfgræg sus praceupgebcjas pcr hcs pcmras y qua ha gyuigræg g `crlgr su parspaetbvg aiuegtbvg. @rabra bjdrasõ aj hg Qjbvarsbigi ia ]aeb`a aj 7295 7295,, aj hg @geuhtgi ia Iaraenc,, icjia astuibõ `bhcsc`æg y psbechcdæg iah hajdugla gh fbsfc tbafpc. Iaraenc Ua bjecrpcrõ aj hg murcergebg astgtgh, parc jujeg prgetbeõ hgIgmcdgeæg, gtc ia `rabra< Hcs erbstbgjcs y hg hbmargebõj ia hcs cprbfbics. 7242< Ecjebajebg a nbstcrbg< hg prgxbs aiuegtbvg ia [guhc @rabra (gjtchcdæg). 7242< Fuhtbjgebcjghas y trgmglgicras aj Mrgsbh. 72>;< Eugtrc egrtgs g gjbfgicras euhturghas. 72>;< Ecjebajebg< tacræg y prçetbeg ia hg hbmargebõj? ujg bjtrciueebõj gh pajsgfbajtc ia [guhc @rabra. 72>7< Biachcdæg y aiuegebõj< ra`haxbcjas scmra hg jc jautrghbigi ia hg aiuegebõj. 72>7< Aiuegebõj y egfmbc. 72>=< Hg bfpcrtgjebg iah getc ia haar (aj tras grtæeuhcs ecfphafajtgrbcs). 72>=< Ucmra hg aiuegebõj (Ibçhcdcs), Pch. 7. 72>=< Aiuegebõj pcpuhgr. 72>5< Euhturg pcpuhgr, aiuegebõj pcpuhgr. 72>1< [cr ujg paigdcdæg ia pradujtgs. 72>0< Br g hg aseuahg ecjcebajic hg vbig. 72>4< Gprajibajic ia hg nbstcrbg fbsfg. 72>>< Aj hg aseuahg ngeafcs< ujg ra`haxbõj bjtaribsebphbjgr scmra hg aiuegebõj pcpuhgr. 72>2< Wuâ ngear< tacræg y prçetbeg aj aiuegebõj pcpuhgr. 722;< Ngmhgjic ecj hcs aiuegicras. 722;< Gh`gmatbzgebõj< haar ah fujic, haar hg pghgmrg. 7227< Aiuegebõj aj hg ebuigi. 722=< [aigdcdæg ia hg aspargjzg< raajeuajtrc ecj hg [aigdcdæg iah Cprbfbic. 7225< Fgastrg sæ, tæg jc< egrtgs g hcs qua sa gtravaj g ajsa÷gr. 7225< [chætbeg y aiuegebõj< ajsgycs. 7229< Egrtgs g Erbstbjg. 7229< Astg aseuahg sa hhgfg vbig. 7221< G hg scfmrg ia asta fgjdc. 7221< [aigdcdæg< ibçhcdc y ecj`hbetc. 7220< Fbaic y guigebg. 7220< [aigdcdæg ia hg gutcjcfæg. =;;;< [aigdcdæg ia hg bjibdjgebõj - Egrtgs paigdõdbegs y ctrcs aserbtcs

 

 

Yacræg ia `rabra< [guhc `rabra y su tacræg paigdõdbeg<

Igtc< ecjtaxtc aj ah qua sa bjbebc [gmhc @rabra ecjcebõ iasia jb÷c

hg a raghbigi iahahpa÷g jcriasta mrgsbha÷c, aj qua Uad Uadüj üj hg aj prc prcpu puas tg paigd paigdõd õdbe beg g ia pg pguh uhc cibghcdgr `r `rab abra, ra, ahecj pgp pgpah qu qua ia iasaf safpa ÷g ah aiuegicr hg astg paigdcdæg hbmargicrg as ahahaiuegjic ngstg ngeægaj pcec`rgjeg sa vbvæg asehgvbtui y qua pcr gfbstgi, gsæ cmtajar hcs tafgs dajargicras y ia bjtarâs y jc aj iama prasajtgr su gquahhcs tbafpcs hgs prcdrgfg ah aiuegicr ecfc sæfmchc ia bfpcsbebõj. ehgsas rurghas vbvægj aj rahgebcjas hgmcrghas ia Hg paigdcdæg ia hg hbmargebõj as uj fcvbfbajtc aiuegtbvc aiuegtbvc.. Hg aiuegebõj hbmargicrg cprasbõj, fgrdbjgigs iah as uj prceasc ia rajcvgebõj ia hg ecjibebõj scebgh iah bjibvbiuc, ecjsbiargjic prceasc scebgh, pchætbecgh y sulatc ecfc uj sar pajsgjta y erætbec, ra`haxbcjgjic ia hg raghbigi quay sbj vbva. Aj aecjõfbec pgr ,ttbebpgebõj bebpgebõj asta prceasc hg hbmargebõj sa ecjtrgpcja g hg paigdcdæg mgjegrbg hg eughghdujg hbfbtg hg aj hgs iaebsbcjas pcsbm pcs bmbhbhbig bigi i ia er erag ageb ebõj õj ia ju juast astrcs rcs prcpbc prcpbcss ecj ecjceb cebfb fbaj ajtc tcs, s, `c `cfa fajt jtgj gjic ic hg bfpcrtgjtas pgrg ah pgæs. rapr ra prci ciue ueeb ebõj õj sbj sbj gj gjçh çhbs bsbs bs jb ecfp ecfpra rajs jsbõ bõj j ia hcs hcs tafg tafgss qu qua a sa jc jcss astç astçj j ajsa÷gjic. As gnæ icjia sa [guhc @rabra as ah eragicr ia uj fcvbfbajtc ia aiuegebõj ia bjtrciuea mgsa qua [guhctbaja @rabra,pcr  quajbjtajtg suss, as cmla cm latc tc ig igrr uj egr egrçet çetar ar pchæ pchætbtbec ec gh pr prcm cmha hafg fg aiue aiuegt gtbv bvc. c. Ua Uadü düj suss qua su bi biag ags, ectarrçjacs rcfpgj su jaeasgrbc igr ujg ecjebajtbzgebõj gh cprbfbic g trgvâs ia pgsbvbigi hg aiuegebõj. Ibc y sbhajebc, qua sbdj sbdjb`b`be begt gtbv bvg g bf bfpc pcrt rtgj gjeb ebg g g hg gh`g gh`gma matbtbzg zgeb ebõj õj,, pa parc rc jc ajraecjczegj `crf `crfg g hggbsh gb`uarzg shgi gig gia y ujbigi fafcræstbeg, sbjc ecj ujg gprcxbfgebõj erætbeg g hg raghbigi.suUa iama igr fçs trgjs`crfgicrg, qua bf bfpc pcrt rtgj gjeb ebg g g hg aiu aiueg egeb ebõj õj ib ibgh ghõd õdbe beg g c ec ecjva jvarsg rsgeb ebcj cjgh gh,, qu qua a g hg eur eurrbe rbeuh uhgr? gr? giqubargj hg egpgebigi gsbfbsfc, iama igr bfpcrtgjebg g hg prgxbs aj hg getbvbigi aiuegtbvg erætbeg pgrg rahgebcjgrsa ecj hg scebaigi y qua sa hbmaraj hbma raj ia sus gtgiurgs, gtgiurgs, Hg parspaetbvg ia hg aiuegebõj aiuegebõj ia  ia hg hbmargebõj sa umbeg aj ujg ncrbzcjtghbigi ncrbzcjtghbigi ia  ia üjbeg pcsbmbhbigi ia hgs rahgebcjas nufgjgs, y qua, pcr tgjtc, bfphbeg ah ibçhcdc ibçhcdc y  y hg ecjtbj ecjtbjug ra`haxbõj egfmbc ia ug hg scebaigi. geareg ia hg prcpbg raghbigi g hc hgrdc iah prceasUac bjsartg aiuaj eghgs tbvc. Ua juavgs biags ecjsbiarg hbmargebõj hbmargebõj  pc pcrqu rqua a pra prata taji jia a uj ujg g su suart arta a ia ra raaj ajeua euajt jtrc rc bcjgrbgs ia hc hcss sa sara rass ravchuebcjgrbgs ravchue nufgjcs ecj su ibdjbigi ibdjbigi ia  ia eragicras y pgrtbebpgjtas getbvcs aj euhturg euhturg qua  qua hcs qua hg axbstægj axbstægj aj Gfârbeg aj Gfârbeg aj hcs g÷cs qua ecj`bdurg. ecj`bd urg. [cr tcic astc, aj ah fâtcic fâtcic paigdõdbec  paigdõdbec @rabrbgjc, ghHgtbjg fbsfc tbafpc iah ujg uj g pa pars rscj cjg g gi giuh uhtg tg gpra gpraji jia a g haar haar y aser aserbm bmbr br,, ra raeu eupa parg rg 0;, ahbfmubic ic icfb fbjb jbc c ia hg hajdugla ia hbmargebõj prcpbg vbig vbig y  y gjghbzg, faibgjta ujg ra`haxbõj aj ecfüj ecj ctrcs saras surdbic ia ianufgjcs, hgs ecrrbajtas su raghbigi raghbigi.. Aj asta gjçhbsbs gjçhbsbs,, sa musegj hgs egusgs qua bjebiaj ajfçs uj astgic gvgjzgigs iatarfbjgic ia hg euhturg euhturg,, y sa iataetgj hgs bjarebgs y `uarzgs qua iah bfpbiaj hg egtchbebsfc,   egtchbebsfc, axprasbõj y raghbzgebõj ia hgs parscjgs. Ua ibea, ajtcjeas,qua qua hg grcj parscjg parscjg aj  aj prcvce prcvcegrcj hg tachcdæg iarasghtgr hg euastbõj ng tcfgic ecjebajebg ecjebajebg,, c sa ng ecjebajebgic. As bfpcrtgjta qua hbmargebõj, hbmargebõj , y utbhbzgjic astc lgfçs lgfçs puaia sar prciuet prciuetc c ia uj gicetrbjgf gicetrbjgfbajtc bajtc c fgjbpuhgebõj fgjbpuhgebõj pcr  pcr pgrta ia aha ahafajtc fajtcss ia hg ctrcs, sbjc qua ah sulatc iama nghhgr pcr sæ fbsfc su egfbjc aj hg vbig  fgrxbstg pgrg ibg ibghâetbeg hâetbeg fgrxbstg hg vbsbõj y ecfprajsbõj ia hg nbstcrbg. Aj ah 7204, @rabra pumhbeõ su prbfar hbmrc, ‘Hg aiuegebõj ecfc  prçetbeg ia hg hbmartgi‖. hbmartgi‖. Ah g÷c gjtarbcr, ngmæg aserbtc aserbtc su `gfcsg cmrg ‘[aigdcdæg iah cprbfbic‖, hg eugh `ua pumhbegig aj bjdhâs y aspg÷ch aj ah 724;. Iambic ghyecj`hbetc pchætbec ajtra hgsia sueasbvgs fbhbtgras gutcrbtgrbgs hg parspaetbvg scebghbstg @rabra, ahibetgiurgs hbmrc jc `ua pumhbegic aj Mrgsbh ngstg ah 7249, eugjic tuvc bjbebc ah prceasc ia gparturg iafcerçtbeg y hbmargebõj euhturgh aj ah pgæs

 

Hg ecjeapebõj aiuegtbvg ia @rabra as ujg aiuegebõj qua museg ah phajc y gutajtbec iasgrrchhc iah ctrc, pcrqua sa ecjstbtuya aj hg lustg faibig aj qua ah ctrc sa ecjstbtuya, as uj getc mbc`æhbec qua museg ah phajc iasgrrchhc ia hg hbmartgi, iah ibçhcdc, ia hg ecfujbegebõj, iah iasgrrchhc ecj y pcr ah ctrc. [cr hc gjtarbcr puaia iaebrsa qua ah prasajta trgmglc tbaja ah `brfa prcpõsbtc ia gjghbzgr  hg pcsturg paigdõdbeg-pchætbeg iah aiuegicr mrgsbha÷c, su vbdajebg y partbjajebg aj ah ecjtaxtc pchætbec-aiuegtbvc getugh, prbcrbigi gphajgfajta ujg ia sussus cmrgs fçsy qua ecjcebigs< ‘[aigdcdæg iah cprbfbic‖, cmrg ajiçjicha hg qua iasgrrchhg biags sbrvaj ia mgsa pgrg hg ra`haxbõj ia sus cmrgs `uturgs. Aj asta grtæeuhc sa rafgreg hg ib`arajebg ajtra hg puastg aj prçetbeg ia ujg paigdcdæg qua sbrva pgrg hg fbtb`begebõj, fgsb`begebõj y icfbjgebõj pcr faibc ia ujg vbsbõj mgje mg jegr grbg bg ia hg aiueg aiuegeb ebõj, õj, iõ iõjia jia,, ah aiue aiuegji gjic c sa ec ecjvb jvbar arta ta aj uj rae raebp bpba bajt jta a ia ecjcebfbajtcs, uj sar pgsbvc qua raprciuea hgs ecjibebcjas bfpargjtas aj hg scebaigi y sa ha fgjtbaja aj ujg ‘euhturg iah sbhajebc‖, gsbfbsfc sa trgtg hg prcpuastg `rabrbgjg ia ujg aiuegebõj ecfc prçetbeg ia hg hbmartgi, icjia aiuegicr y aiuegjic gprajiaj gh fbsfc tbafpc, icjia hg pghgmrg as ibçhcdc y ah ibçhcdc as eragebõj, ecfprcfbsc, trgjs`crfgebõj.  Gsbfbsfc, sa iasgrrchhg hg vbsbõj gh`gmatbzgicrg ia @rabra, jc ecfc uj alarebebc ia ibetgic y ia rapatbebõj, sbjc ecfc gh`gmatbzgebõj, icjia hg pghgmrg yg sag aserbtg c ngmhgig, sbrva pgrg prcjujebgr ah fujic ia qubaj hg aserbma c ngmhg, pcrqua as eragicrg ia euhturg qua ha ibdjb`beg ibdjb`beg iajtrc ia su ecjibe ecjibebõj bõj ia sar nufgjc, pcr faibc iah ibçhcdc qua falcrg hgs ecjibebcjas iah echaetbvc. Aj âh tgfmbâj sa trgtg hg bfpcrtgjebg ia hg prçetbeg aiuegtbvg ibghõdbeg `rajta g hg prçetbeg gjtbibçhcdbeg ia trgjs`arajebg ia ecjcebfbajtcs, ibea @rabra< tcic fujic sgma ghdc ghdc y tc tcic ic fu fuji jic c bd bdjcr jcrg g gh ghdc dc,, pc pcrq rqua ua jc jcss ai aiue uegf gfcs cs ecj ecjst stgjt gjtaf afajt ajta, a, as iaeb iaebr, r, gprajiafcs tcics ia tcics. Ua gmcrig tgfmbâj hg bfpcrtgjebg ia hg ra`haxbõj ia hg prçetbeg, ecj ah cmlatc ia pajsgr falcr y prgetbegr falcr, hcs raqubsbtcs qua hg tgrag iceajta axbda gh aiuegicr y gh aiuegjic, iastgegjic qua astuibgr as uj getc ia ramahiæg tgjtc pgrg ah aiuegicr ecfc pgrg ah aiuegjic, puas jgiba puaia getugr iajtrc ia ujg `ghsg jautrghbigi, ibenc aj ctrgs pghgmrgs, iajtrc ia ujg vbsbõj gpchætbeg ia hg ecj`bdurgebõj ia hg nbstcrbg.

 

Hg ecfujbegebõj as ecjsbiargig `ujigfajtgh aj hgs rahgebcjas nufgjgs y hg bjtarrahgebõj ia sus ahafajtcs mçsbecs parfbtaj ebartg gutcjcfæg gh prceasc ecfujbegtbvc ecj `bjas aiuegtbvcs. Hgs ecfputgicrgs y hg haeturg jc scj bjecfpgtbmhas, jb parturmgj c bfpbiaj hg haeturg jb hg aserbturg. [arc, sb sa pratajia iasgrrchhgr hg ecfpatajebg ecfujbegtbvg aj hcs ghufjcs, pcr faibc iah iasafpa÷c aj hgs ecfputgicrgs, sa iamarægj ecjsbiargr ecjlujtgfajta hgs tacrægs erætbececjstruetbvbstgs aj rahgebõj ecj hg trgjs`crfgebõj iah ibseursc bjtarjc aj ibseursc aserbtc, tgjtc aj hg gh`gmatbzgebõj mçsbeg ecfc aj ah iasafpa÷c ia ngmbhbigias ia aserbturg fçs gvgjzgigs. "Ah ecjstruetbvbsfc `rabragjc vg fçs ghhç ia hg bjvastbdgebõj y tafgtbzgebõj, hg tarearg atgpg ia su fâtcic, hg prcmhafgtbzgebõj, supcja hg geebõj trgjs`crfgicrg".79 Asta aj`cqua tcigvæg pravâ ah "aeciasgrrchhc", ia ghhæ hg bfpcrtgjebg ia ecjsbiargr hg ibfajsbõj nbstõrbeg, ecjtafpcrçjag y `uturg ia hg taejchcdæg aj hg aiuegebõj y g egig scebaigi aj rahgebõj ecj ah usc ia hg fbsfg. @rabra, pgrtbõ ia qua, pgrg qua ujg aiuegebõj sag vçhbig, iama br praeaibig ia ujg ra`haxbõj iah ncfmra y ia uj gjçhbsbs iah faibc ia vbig ragh iah ncfmra? as iaebr, ia sus ecjibebcjas scebghas, aecjõfbegs y pchætbegs iajtrc ia hgs eughas sa ajeuajtrg bjsartc. Ecj uj hajdugla fuy paeuhbgr y ecj ujg `bhcsc`æg ia hg aiuegebõj gmschutgfajta rajcvgicrg prcpusc qua ujg aiuegebõj ia giuhtcs tajæg qua astgr `ujigfajtgig aj hg ecjebajebg ia hg raghbigi ectbibgjg vbvbig pcr hg pcmhgebõj y lgfçs raiuebrhg g sbfpha ecjcebfbajtc ia hatrgs, pghgmrgs y `rgsas. Wua sa ecjvbrtbarg ah trgmglc aiuegtbvc aj ujg geebõj pgrg hg iafcergebg, aj rasufaj, ujg aiuegebõj astbfuhgsa hg hg echgmcrgebõj, hg iaebsbõj, hg pgrtbebpgebõj y hg raspcjsgmbhbigi scebghiay giuhtcs pchætbeg.qua @rabra ajtajibõ egtadcræg iah sgmar ecfc hc gprajibic axbstajebghfajta pcr ah ecjcebfbajtc vbvbic ia sus prcmhafgs y hcs ia su ecfujbigi. Hg Yacræg iah Ecjcebfbajtc Ecjcebfbajtc ia  ia [guhc @rabra iama sar ecfprajibig ecfprajibig aj ah ecjtax ecjtaxtc tc aj qua surdbõ. Aj hcs g÷cs 0;'s, aj ah Jcrcasta ia Mrgsbh Mrgsbh,, hg fbtgi ia sus 5; fbhhcjas ia ngmbtgjtas argj fgrdbjgics y gjgh`gmatgs y ecfc âh iaeæg, vbvægj iajtrc ia ujg euhturg iah sbhajebc, arg praebsc "igrhas hg pghgmrg" pgrg qua "trgjsbtgsaj" g hg ecjstrueebõj ia uj Mrgsbh Mrgsbh qua  qua `uasa iua÷c ia su prcpbc iastbjc y qua supargsa ah echcjbghbsfc. Ecj astg `bhcsc`æg iasgrrchhõ ah fâtcic ecj ah qua sa ecjcearæg aj tcic ah fujic `ujigic aj ah prbjebpbc ia qua ah prceasc aiuegtbvc iama pgrtbr ia hg raghbigi qua rciag gh aiuegjic. Jc mgstg sgmar haar qua "Avg vbc ujg uvg", âh ibea qua "... as jaeasgrbc sgmar quâ pcsbebõj ceupg Avg aj ah ecjtaxtc scebgh, qubâj trgmglg aj hg prciueebõj ia hg uvg y qubâj huerg ecj asta trgmglc..." Hgs prbfargs axparbajebgs iah fâtcic hcdrgrcj aj 7205 qua 5;; trgmglgicras rurghas `uargj gh`gmatbzgics aj 91 iægs. [grg ah g÷c sbdubajta, ah [rasbiajta ia Mrgsbh Lcgc Dcuhgrt hc Dcuhgrt hc bjvbtõ pgrg racrdgjbzgr hg gh`gmatbzgebõj ia giuhtcs aj ah çfmbtc jgebcjgh. Astgmg pravbstg hg bjstghgebõj ia =;,;;; eæreuhcs ia euhturg pgrg = fbhhcjas ia gjgh`gmatgs. ]aebmbõ iceajgs ia Icetcrgics Ncjcrbs Egusg ia Qjbvarsbigias ia tcic ah fujic y jufarcscs prafbcs bjehuyajic ah ia hg pgz ia hg QJAUEC QJAUEC aj  aj 72>4 72>4..  Gh ngmhgr ia @rabra, sa ngmhg ia fâtcic. Hg ujbvarsghbigi ia hg cmrg ia @rabra, ibseurra ibseurr a aj tcrjc ia hg ghbgjzg ajtra tacræg y prçetbeg. [bajsg ujg raghbigi y getüg scmra ahhg... Astg as ujg pasqubsg pgrtbebpgjta. Aj ah crbdaj iah fâtcic, jc iama ia sar sumastbfgig hg bj`huajebg ia Ahsg Fgræg, su prbfarg aspcsg. Ahhg hc bjsartgmg parfgjajtafajta aj ibseusbcjas paigdõdbegs. Gh fâtcic, vbshufmrgic pcr ahhg, @rabra ha ibc sajtbic, `ujigfajtc, crbajtgebõj y ecfprcfbsc. Asquafçtbegfajta ecjsbsta aj<

 

7. Cmsarvgebõj Cmsarvgebõj pgrtb pgrtbebpgjt ebpgjta a ia hcs aiuegicras, "sbjt "sbjtcjbzçj cjbzçjicsa" icsa" ecj ah ujbvarsc varmgh iah puamhc, =. Müsq Müsqua uaig ig ia hg hgss "pgh "pghgm gmrgs rgs da daja jargi rgicr crgs" gs" mu museg segji jic c hg rb rbqu quazg azg sb sbhç hçmbe mbeg g y su sa sajt jtbi bic c vbvajebgh, 5. Ecib`begeb Ecib`begebõj õj ia hgs pghgmrgs aj bfçdaja bfçdajass vbsughas qua astb astbfuhaj fuhaj ah trçjsbtc trçjsbtc ia hg euhturg iah sbhajebc g hg ecjebajebg euhturgh, 9. [rcmhafgtbz [rcmhafgtbzgebõj gebõj ia iahh aseajgrb aseajgrbc c euhtur euhturgh gh ecjerat ecjeratc, c, 1. [rcm [r cmha hafg fgtbtbzg zgeb ebõj õj ia hg hgss pg pghg hgmrg mrgss da daja jarg rgicr icrgs gs g tr trgvâ gvâss ia uj ibçh ibçhcd cdc c iah iah "eæ "eæreu reuhc hc ia euhturg", 0. ]aecib`bege ]aecib`begebõj bõj erætbe erætbeg g y eragtb eragtbvg vg pgrg qua hcs pgrtbebpgj pgrtbebpgjtas tas sa gsufgj ecfc sulatc sulatcss ia su prcpbc iastbjc. Hg asajebg ia asta fâtcic gpujtg ngebg ah ngear "uj fujic fajcs `ac, fajcs fghvgic, fajcs iasnufgjc", iasnufg jc", "vbvbaj "vbvbajic ic ngebg ah gfcr y hg aspargjzg". Jcs naraiõ hg bjibd bjibdjgebõj jgebõj pcr hg bjlust bjlustbebg bebg qua jc iama ajvchvarsa ecj pghgmrgs iuheas y sbj sajtbic vbvajebgh. Jc egma iuig qua hg gpcrtgebõj ia @rabra grrgbdõ iambic g su icmha fajsgla pchætbec y prc`âtbec. Jc saræg axgdargic g`brfgr qua @rabra fçs qua astrbetgfajta fgrxbstg c ravchuebcjgrbc, `ua uj nufgjbstg erbstbgjc vbjeuhgic g fcvbfbajtcs dajubjgfajta hgtbjcgfarbegjcs ecfc ah ia hg tachcdæg ia hg hbmargebõj. «Hg paigdcdæg iah cprbfbic, ecfc paigdcdæg nufgjbstg y hbmargicrg tajirç, puas, ics fcfajtcs ibstbjtcs gujqua bjtarrahgebcjgics. Ah prbfarc, aj ah eugh hcs cprbfbics vgj iasvahgjic ah fujic ia hg cprasbõj y sa vgj ecfprcfatbajic, aj hg prgxbs, ecj su trgjs`crfgebõj, y, ah sadujic, aj qua, ujg vaz trgjs`crfgig hg raghbigi cprascrg, astg paigdcdæg ialg ia sar iah cprbfbic y pgsg g sar hg paigdcdæg ia hcs ncfmras aj

 

[guhc @rabra as qubzç ah aiuegicr ia fgycr bj`huajebg aj hg paigdcdæg ia hcs ühtbfcs tbafpcs aj Hgtbjcgfârbeg? hhaar aar g @rabra iasia su parspaetbvg scebchõdbeg aj hg aiuegebõj y sus bfpgetc aj hgs biags paigdõdbegs aj juastrg getughbigi, as gjta tcic uj iahabta, yg qua as trgseajiajtgh ecjcear su pajsgfbajtc, gjghbzgr su prcyaetc scebgh, pchætbec, su vbsbõj âtbeg, ah eugh astbfuhg g ra`haxbcjgr y g tcfgr prcvbiajebgs aj juastrg vbig parscjgh, scebgh y gegiâfbeg. Qjc ia hcs prbjebpghas gpcrtas ia @rabra g hg aiuegebõj as su erætbeg g hg aiuegebõj hhgfgig aiuegebõj mgjegrbg? ujg paigdcdæg eajtrgig aj ahtrgibebcjgh, fgastrc ycjc aj ah ghufjc, ujg paigdcdæg qua jc tcfg aj euajtg hg axparbajebg y ecjcebfbajtcs ia hcs astuibgjtas. @rabra ha gpuastg g hg `crfgebõj ia uj sulatc erætbec y ra`haxbvc. Ia gnæ su erætbeg g hg aiuegebõj gutcrbtgrbg. Ub mbaj @rabra bjbebg su trgmglc ecj ah prcmhafg ia hg gh`gmatbzgebõj, sus gpcrtgebcjas vgj fçs ghhç ia hg fbsfg. [grg @rabra tcics jgeafcs ecj hg egpgebigi ia haar hg raghbigi, parc astg haeturg as ujg haeturg uj tgjtc bjdajug? sa trgtg ia pgrtbr ia astg haeturg bjdajug y ecjvartbrhg aj ujg haeturg erætbeg. 

HG AIQEGEBÕJ? QJ GEYC [CHÆYBEC R ÂYBEC

Ah prbfar gspaetc qua ravbsgrafcs aj rahgebõj g @rabra as su sajtbic âtbec y su ecfprcfbsc pgrg qua axbstg hg aiuegebõj, g pgrtbr ia hg `crfg ia ecjebajebg erætbeg `rajta gh fujic? ujg raghbigi hhajg ia ecjtrgibeebcjas a bjlustbebgs? hg ib`beuhtgi as qua yg jc jcs ecjfcvafcs gjta astcs naencs, icjia vafcs iæg g iæg hg iasnufgjbzgebõj iah ncfmra? puas aj juastrc ecjtaxtc, hg fajtbrg, ah rcmc, hg eghufjb eghufjbg, g, hg vbchgebõj ia hcs iaraencs nufgjcs, hc vafcs ecfc ghdc egsb iah criaj jgturgh, ectbibgjc, y ialgfcs sa bjstghaj aj juastrc eõfcig bjecjsebajebg. Ah rbasdc ia astg sbtugebõj as gsufbr astc, ecfc @rabra hc ng hhgfgic, ah astgmhaebfbajtc scebgh aj hg euhturg ra`arajta g hg jcrfghbigi. Hg raghbigi aj ah Fâxbec ia ncy, as qua jgig scrprajia, tcic as jcrfgh? egig vaz fçs axbsta ajtra jcsctrcs ujg fgycr gpgtæg gjta hg bfpcrtgjebg iah sajtbic âtbec. ³[ciafcs gprajiar y ajsa÷gr âtbeg3 Ub cmsarvgfcs qua aj hc ectbibgjc iæg g iæg juastrcs vghcras sa iatarbcrgj, y jc ngeafcs jgig pcr trgmglgr aj `gvcr ia ahhcs, ia ghdujg `crfg jcs ngeafcs eõfphbeas. @rajta g astg sbtugebõj âtbeg, @rabra (7224) sa÷ghg qua iamafcs ratcfgr pcsbebcjas qua jcs hhavaj g ecfprcfatarjcs g ujg müsquaig ia ecjsaeuajebgs y ghtarjgtbvgs ia schuebõj pgrg, ia astg `crfg, sar ecnarajtas aj juastrc trgmglc parscjgh, ecfc ebuigigjcs, ecfc fgastrcs aj ah guhg c aj icjia qubarg qua astafcs. @rabra ngmhg ia uj ecfprcfbsc âtbec qua tcic aiuegicr iama gsufbr. [grg @rabra (7224), eugjic ngmhgfcs ia âtbeg y ia pcsturg asajebghfajta iafcerçtbeg, pcrqua gh jc sar jautrg hg prçetbeg aiuegtbvg, hg `crfgebõj nufgjg, bfphbeg ahaeebcjas, rcfpbfbajtcs y ibspcsbebcjas. Astgr aj `gvcr ia uj sua÷c y ecjtrg ia ghdubaj as bfpargtbvc axbdbr hg atbebigi iah aiuegicr, su jaeasgrbg fbhbtgjebg iafcerçtbeg, hg cmhbdgebõj g tajar ujgahrahgebõj parfgjajtafajta? ecnarajebg ajtra ibseurscecnarajta, y hg prçetbeg.

Igtc< Hg paigdcdæg ia @rabra Ygh ecfc sa bjibeg aj asta grtæeuhc grtæeuhc pumhbeg  pumhbeg ic pcr axpartgs ia hg Qjbvarsbigi @rgjebsec Dgvbibg (Ah Dgvbibg  (Ah Ughvgicr), [guhc @rabra mgsõ su paigdcdæg aj ujg hbmargebõj iah bjibvbiuc g trgvâs ia hg aiuegebõj, tajbajic aj euajtg ah ecjtaxtc aecjõfbec, scebgh, euhturgh a nbstõrbec ia egig astuibgjta. Uu tâejbeg paigdõdbeg prcpcja qua hcs fgastrcs cmsarvaj eubigicsgfajta ah ujbvarsbc ia sus astuibgjtas, sa gigptaj g su prcpbc vcegmuhgrbc y hcs bjeajtbvaj g ‘sghbr ia hg euhturg iah sbhajebc‖ pgrg raecjcearsa ecfc prctgdcjbstgs ia su prcpbg euhturg.

 

Ua jaeasbtg sar uj tgjtc rcfçjtbec pgrg haar, ecfprajiar y, scmra tcic, pcjar aj prçetbeg hg biachcdæg pchætbec-paigdõdbeg ia [guhc @rabra, sbj hhadgr g biaghbzgr su prçetbeg aiuegtbvg ecfc prçetbeg ia hg hbmartgi, axbsta ujg rahgebõj ajtra ah biagh aiuegtbvc ia @rabra ecj hg ecjeapebõj iah gfcr aj [hgtõj, hg aiuegebõj ecfc getc gfcrcsc, getc qua museg pctajebgr hg vbig y qua sa ghalg y ecfmgta ibraetgfajta hg vbsbõj jaerõ`bhg ia ujg paigdcdæg ia hgs ehgsas icfbjgjtas, ia ujg paigdcdæg mgjegrbg, ghbajgjta, ia ecfujbegics. Hg ecjeapebõj as faibig ujg aiuegebõj qua museg ah phajc y gutajtbec iah ctrc, pcrqua saaiuegtbvg ecjstbtuyaia aj@rabra hg lustg aj qua ah ctrc sa ecjstbtuya, as uj getciasgrrchhc mbc`æhbec qua museg ah phajc iasgrrch iasgrrchhc hc ia hg hbmartgi, iah ibçhcdc, ia hg ecfujb ecfujbegebõj egebõj,, iah iasgrrch iasgrrchhc hc ecj y pcr  ah ctrc. [cr hc gjtarbcr puaia iaebrsa qua ah prasajta trgmglc tbaja ah `brfa prcpõsbtc ia gjghbzgr hg pcsturg paigdõdbeg-pchætbeg iah aiuegicr mrgsbha÷c, su vbdajebg y partbjajebg aj ah ecjtaxtc pchætbec-aiuegtbvc getugh, içjicha prbcrbigi g ujg ia sus cmrgs fçs ecjcebigs< ‘[aigdcdæg iah cprbfbic‖, cmrg aj hg qua iasgrrchhg phajgfajta sus biags y qua sbrvaj ia mgsa pgrg hg ra`haxbõj ia sus cmrgs `uturgs. Aj asta grtæe grtæeuhc uhc sa rafgreg hg ib`arajeb ib`arajebg g ajtra hg puastg aj prçet prçetbeg beg ia ujg paigdcdæg qua sbrva pgrg hg fbtb`begebõj, fgsb`begebõj y icfbjgebõj pcr faibc ia ujg vbsbõj mgjegrbg ia hg aiuegebõj, iõjia, ah aiuegjic sa ecjvbarta aj uj raebpbajta ia ecjcebfbajtcs, uj sar pgsbvc qua raprciuea hgs ecjibebcjas bfpargjtas aj hg scebaigi y sa ha fgjtbaja aj ujg ‘euhturg iah sbhajebc‖, gsbfbsfc sa trgtg hg prcpuastg `rabrbgjg ia ujg aiuegebõj ecfc prçetbeg ia hg hbmartgi, icjia aiuegicr y aiuegjic gprajiaj gh fbsfc tbafpc, icjia hg pghgmrg as ibçhcdc y ah ibçhcdc as eragebõj, ecfprcfbsc, trgjs`crfgebõj.  Gsbfbsfc, sa iasgrrchhg hg vbsbõj gh`gmatbzgicrg ia @rabra, jc ecfc uj alarebebc ia ibetgic y ia rapatbebõj, sbjc ecfc gh`gmatbzgebõj, icjia hg pghgmrg yg sag aserbtg c ngmhgig, sbrva pgrg prcjujebgr ah fujic ia qubaj hg aserbma c ngmhg, pcrqua as eragicrg ia euhturg qua ha ibdjb`beg iajtrc ia su ecjibebõj ia sar nufgjc, pcr faibc iah ibçhcdc qua falcrg hgs ecjibebcjas iah echaetbvc. Aj âh tgfmbâj sa trgtg hg bfpcrtgjebg ia hg prçetbeg aiuegtbvg ibghõdbeg `rajta g hg prçetbeg gjtbibçhcdbeg ia trgjs`arajebg ia ecjcebfbajtcs, ibea @rabra< tcic fujic sgma ghdc y tcic fujic bdjcrg ghdc, pcrqua jcs aiuegfcs ecjstgjtafajta, as iaebr, gprajiafcs tcics ia tcics. Ua gmcrig tgfmbâj hg bfpcrtgjebg ia hg ra`haxbõj ia hg prçetbeg, ecj ah cmlatc ia pajsgr falcr y prgetbegr falcr, hcs raqubsbtcs qua hg tgrag iceajta axbda gh aiuegicr y gh aiuegjic, iastgegjic qua astuibgr as uj getc ia ramahiæg tgjtc pgrg ah aiuegicr ecfc pgrg ah aiuegjic, puas jgiba puaia getugr iajtrc ia ujg `ghsg jautrghbigi, ibenc aj ctrgs pghgmrgs, iajtrc ia ujg vbsbõj gpchætbeg ia hg ecj`bdurgebõj ia hg nbstcrbg. 

Hg prçetbeg mgjegrbg ia hg aiuegebõj

Aj hg ecjeapebõj mgjegrbg ia hg aiuegebõj, tgjtc ah aiuegicr ecfc ah aiuegjic astgmhaeaj ujg rahgebõj pcec prciuetbvg aj ah guhg, puas ah prbfarc as ecjsbiargic ecfc ah sulatc qua pbajsg, ngmhg y sgma,saaj egfmbc ah ah quaaj schc, sgma c jc jgig, üjbegfajta ecjvbarta ajsadujic uj raebpbajta, ujgaseueng vgsblg ghpcrqua eugh ngy quapcec hhajgr ecjsgma tcics hcs iapõsbtcs pcsbmhas, ajtra fçs iapõsbtcs raghbzgics, fçs y falcr sa g`brfg ah iceajta, ajtra fçs iõebh y pgsbvc as su hhajgic, tgjtc falcr aiuegjic ha ecjvbarta.  Gsæ, hg aiuegebõj sa ecjvbarta aj uj getc ia iapcsbtgr, ujg aspaeba ia getc mgjegrbc, icjia

 

iasia ah hajdugla fatg`õrbec ia [guhc @rabra, sbrva pgrg bhustrgr uj getc ia trgjsfbsbõj ia qubajas sa luzdgj sgmbcs g qubajas sa has luzdg bdjcrgjtas, fgjtajbajic ujg pcsturg rædbig ajtra gfmcs sulatcs, parc rasght rasghtgjic gjic sbafpra hcs ibseurs ibseurscs cs ghbajgjtas ghbajgjtas,, ia qubajas sa raecjce raecjcea a suparbcr g hcs aiuegjics drgebgs g hg bdjcrgjebg ia âstcs. Aj hg ecjeap ecjeapebõj ebõj mgjegrbg ia hg aiuegeb aiuegebõj, õj, hg rahgebõj rahgebõj aiuegicr-ai aiuegicr-aiuegjic, uegjic, astç faibgig pcr ah getc jgrrgtbvc ia ecjtajbics, as iaebr, as hg rahgebõj ibseursbvg iah jgrrgicr qua ngmhg y ibetg, y ah sulatc qua aseueng qua jgrrg as ah qua prgetbeg ujia ibseursc ghalgic ia hg raghbigi ecjeratg iahpgsbvgfajta. aiuegjic, c Ah ajsulatc su ia`aetc, uj ibseursc `rgdfajtgrbc hg raghbigi, hg üjbeg `ujebõj iah sulatc qua aiueg as hg ia ‘hhajgr‖ pcr faibc ia ibseurscs ‘varmghbstgs ghbajgics y ghbajgjtas‖ g hcs aiuegjics, euyg `ujebõj as pgsbvg-raeaptbvg. Ah ibseursc ghbajgic y ghbajgjta as pghgmrg nuaeg y vgeæg, qua iamaræg falcr jc iaebrsa, pghgmraræg qua jc prcmhafgtbzg jb trgjs`crfg jgig, hc qua raghfajta ngea as fcstrgr y fgjtajar  hg raghbigi ecfc bjfõvbh, astçtbeg y faeçjbeg, qua iamaræg falcr eghhgrsa, pcrqua hc qua prcvceg, sb as qua raghfajta prcvceg ghdc aj ah aiuegjic, as rapatbr ia fgjarg faeçjbeg hcs ecjtajbics aiuegtbvcs, ratajar y fafcrbzgr hg pghgmrg ia ctrcs, ah pajsgfbajtc iah ctrcs y jc ah prcpbc pajsgfbajtc jb hg prcpbg pghgmrg. Ajtra fçs ibseursc ibeta ah sulatc qua aiueg, tgjtc falcr aiuegicr sarç, ajtra falcr cyajta sa ecjvbartg ah sulatc qua sa aiueg, tgjtc falcr aiuegjic sarç, hg bjtajebõj jc as ibghcdgr, ecfujbegrsa, jc puaia axbstbr ibçhcdc ecj ghdubaj qua sa luzdg sgmbc, gutõjcfc, bjiapajibajta ecj ghdubaj g qubaj ha ng naenc eraar qua hc bdjcrg tcic c qua jc sgma jgig y qua pcr tgjtc tbaja prcnbmbic iaebr su pghgmrg. Aj hg ecjeapebõj mgjegrbg ia hg aiuegebõj, ah aiuegicr utbhbzg uj gjtb ibçhcdc, qua aj aj pghgmrgs ia [barra Mcuribau, sa ha ecjcea ecfc ‘vbchaj ‘vbchajebg ebg sbfmõhb sbfmõhbeg‖ eg‖ pcr hg bj`huajeb bj`huajebg g qua alarea scmra ah sulatc qua gprajia, yg qua, iasia hg ecjeapebõj mgjegrbg ia hg aiuegebõj, ah aiuegicr sa luzdg sgmbc, iatajtcr axehusbvc ia hcs sgmaras, fbajtrgs ah sulatc gh qua sa aiueg, sa ha luzdg bdjcrgjta, puas ‘aj`rajtg g hcs aiuegjics ecfc su gjtbjcfbg jaeasgrbg‖. Hc gjtarbcrfajta axprasgic pcr @rabra, aj rahgebõj ecj ah aiuegicr, puaia sar ajtajibic aj pghgmrgs ia Ghaxgjira Oclava (=;;2), qubaj bjtarpratgr g Nadah, hg varigi qua ah aiuegicr tbajaj ia sæ fbsfc y ia hcs ctrcs, qua hg bfpcja pcr faibc ia hg vbchajebg sbfmõhbeg, puas ah aiuegicr luzdgic sgmbc, sa bf bfpc pcja ja gh ai aiue uegji gjic, c, ah aiueg aiuegicr icr ‘fgt ‘fgtg‖ g‖ hg gu gutc tcjcf jcfæg æg ia iahh aiue aiuegj gjic, ic, hc scfa scfata ta y hbhbfb fbtg tg,, ‘trgjs`crfg ah prbvbhadbc aj fârbtc‖. Ah aiuegicr bfpcja sus ecjibebcjas, sa ngea raecjcear sbj raecjcear gh aiuegjic, hc jbadg fbajtrgs âh sa g`brfg, fbajtrgs ah aiuegjic gmschutbzgic aj su ecjibebõj ia bdjcrgjta, raecjcea gh aiuegicr pcr faibc ia hg jadgebõj ia su prcpbg pghgmrg, ia su prcpbg jadgebõj. Hg bjstbtuebõj asechgr ecfc gpgrgtc biachõdbec iah Astgic sa gpcyg aj ctrgs bjstbtuebcjas ecfc hg aseuahg, hg rahbdbõj, hg `gfbhbg, ajtra ctrgs, pgrg parpatugr hgs ecjibebcjas aecjõfbec-biachõdbegs, pcr faibc ia hg prcpgdgjig prcpgdgjig,, hg vbchaj vbchajebg ebg `æsbeg c sbfmõhbeg, ecfc ibea Ubfõj ia Maguvc Maguvcbr, br, ia hc qua sa trgtg as ia ‘trgjs`crfgr hg fajtghbigi ia hcs cprbfbics y jc hg sbtugebõj qua hcs qua cprbfa.‖ Ubdua ibebajic @rabra, (=;;1), sa ha jbadg gh aiuegjic cprbfbic, su ‘vcegebõj cjtchõdbeg ia sar fçs‖. Hc qua sa raqubara ajtcjeas, aiuegicras ecfprcfatbics hg prçetbeg hbmargicrg iah ncfmra, aiuegicras ecnarajtasas ecj su pajsgfbajtc y prçetbeg, ecj qua jbaduaj hg vbsbõj jaerõ`bhg ia hg prçetbeg aiuegtbvg mgjegrbg y sa rahgebcjaj ecj ah aiuegjic g pgrtbr ia ujg rahgebõj ibghõdbeg, ia ecj`bgjzg y ia ecfpg÷arbsfc, ia nufbhigi y ia gparturg, iõjia jgiba aiuqua g jgiba ecfc getc larçrqubec y vbchajtc y jgiba sa aiuqua pcr sæ fbsfc, sbjc aj echaetbvc.

 

Hg prçetbeg mgjegrbg ia hg aiuegebõj, ajeuajtrg su `ujigfajtc aj hg ecjtrgibeebõj aiuegicraiueg aiu egji jic, c, lg lgfç fçss aj su su supar parge gebõ bõj j c sæjt sæjtas asbs bs ec ecje jebhbhbg bgicr icrg, g, ra ra`h`hal alg g hc hcss vg vghcr hcras as pchæ pchætbtbec ecs, s, aecjõfbecs y fcrghas, ia hg biachcdæg icfbjgjta? [guhc @rabra (=;;1) ajhbstg ujg sarba ia egrgetaræstb egrgeta ræstbegs egs raspaetc g asg prçetbeg, icjia ah aiuegi aiuegicr cr as sbafp sbafpra ra sulat sulatc c iah prceasc, qubaj aiueg, pbajsg, ngmhg, ibsebphbjg, praserbma, fbajtrgs ah aiuegjic as ah cmlatc iah prceasc, as pajsgic ecfc ah qua sa aiueg, ah qua aseueng, as ibsebphbjgic y gtbajia ecj praebsbõj hgs praserbpebcjas. 

Hg aiuegebõj hbmargicrg

Hg aiuegebõj hbmargicrg jc pcirç ghegjzgrsa sb jc sa ecj`bdurg hg ecjebajebg ia hcs cprbfbics ecj ra`arajtas hbmargicras, as bfpcsbmha pajsgr qua hg ehgsa icfbjgjta ecj`bdura ujg paigdcdæg pgrg hbmargrhcs, as utõpbec, pajsgr aj hg hbmargebõj sb jc sa raecjcearsa aj prbfar fcfajtc ecfc cprbfbic, raecjcear qua ah cprascr `crfg pgrta ia su ecjebajebg, y qua pcr tgjtc, as jaeasgrbc hbmargrsa ia âh pgrg ngearsa gutâjtbec, hbmargrsa iah fbaic g hg hbmartgi, sbj chvbigr qua hg hbmartgi ecjhhavg raspcjsgmbhbigi, ecfprcfbsc gjta ah fujic, gjta ah aspaetçeuhc, raspcjsgmbhbigi qua ah cprbfbic jc qubara c jc puaia gsufbr, ‘hg hbmargebõj as uj pgrtc. Qj pgrtc ichcrcsc‖ , y g pgrtbr ia asa pgr pgrtc tc,, ia asg asg hu hueng eng qua ia iama ma gs gsuf ufbr br ec ecj j ia iaeb ebsb sbõj, õj, ec ecj j iat iatarf arfbj bjge gebõ bõj, j, dr drgeb gebgs gs g su iaseumrbfbajtc erætbec, surdbrç uj ncfmra juavc, uj ncfmra aj astgic ia parfgjajta hbmargebõj. Hg aiuegebõj hbmargicrg jaeasbtg musegr parfgjajtafajta hg hbmartgi y hg raspcjsgmbhbigi, hhavgr  g egmc hg prgxbs, as iaebr, hg geebõj y hg ra`haxbõj, ra`haxbõj, yg qua as hg mgsa `ujigfajtgh `ujigfajtgh ia ujg prçetbeg aiuegtbvg prcmhafgtbzgicrg y hbmargicrg, g pgrtbr ia hg haeturg iah fujic y ia hg prcjujebgebõj ia hg pghgmrg ia qubaj vbva aj hg cprasbõj, jc ia qubaj cprbfa, prgetbegr ujg paigdcdæg iah cprbfbic. Jc sa trgtg ia jadgr hcs iatarfbjbsfcs mbchõdbecs, dajâtbecs a bjehusc dacdrç`becs, sbjc ia raecjcear qua, ecfc saras ecjibebcjgics, scfcs saras aj ecjstgjta `crfgebõj. Ah pgpah qua luadgj hcs aiuegicras ia hg paigdcdæg ia hg hbmargebõj, as uj pgpah qua raqubara ia ecfprcfbsc âtbec y gjtrcpchõdbec, ia ecnarajebg ajtra ah ibseursc y hg prçetbeg, jc puaia sadubrsa ngebajic usc ia prçetbegs icfastbegicrgs icjia ajsa÷gr rasuhtg hg farg trgjs`arajebg ia ecjcebfbajtcs y vghcras, fçs mbaj, ia hc qua sa trgtg as prcmhafgtbzgr hcs ecjtajbics, gjghbzgr  hg raghbigi, ecj`rcjtgr gh aiuegjic pcr faibc iah ibçhcdc erætbec y jc pcr faibc ia ecfujbegics, ajsa÷gr gh aiuegjic g pajsgr erætbegfajta hcs ecjtajbics. Ah aiuegicr hbmargicr jaeasbtg egfmbgr su ecjeapebõj ia avghugebõj, puas âstg ng sbic ajtajibig fçs ecfc faegjbsfc ia pciar pcr faibc iah gutcrbtgrbsfc aj ah guhg, iajtrc ia hg ecjeapebõj mgjegrbg ia hg aiuegebõj? hg ecjeapebõj hbmargicrg ia hg aiuegebõj, pcr ah ecjtrgrbc, axbda ia uj aiuegicr qua sa raecjczeg bdjcrgjta, raecjcear hg bdjcrgjebg as gmcjgr gh ecjcebfbajtc, pcrqua jgiba sgma tcic jb hc bdjcrg tcic, ia hc qua sa trgtg as ia astgmhaear uj ecfprcfbsc pcr ah astuibc y hg bjvastbdgebõj parfgjajtas. 

Hg gh`gmatbzgebõj ia hcs sulatcs

Ah prceasc ia gh`gmatbzgebõj bfphbeg cmsarvgebõj, ibçhcdc erætbec aj aqubpc, radbstrc, gjçhbsbs, ibsa ibsa÷c ÷c y ec ecjst jstrue rueeb ebõj õj ec echa haet etbv bvg g ia iahh prc prcdr drgf gfg g y av avgh ghuge ugebõ bõj j ec ecjst jstgj gjta ta ia iahh prc prceas easc, c, aj hg ecjeapebõj ia ajtra @rabra,ahahibseursc getc iayaiuegr as ujraqubara getc gfcrcsc, ia ecj`bgjzg, `a aj hcs ncfmras, ia ecnarajebg hg prçetbeg? gsæ tgfmbâj ghdc fuyia bfpcrtgjta qua sbrva ecfc mgsa pgrg ah prceasc ia gh`gmatbzgebõj, qua ah gh`gmatbzgicr raspata, ibdjb`bqua y aib`bqua hg haeturg iah fujic qua raghbzg ah gh`gmatbzgjic, gsæ ecfc ecfpgrtbr hgs haeturgs pgrg supargrhgs ecj nufbhigi y as`uarzc ecjstgjta.

 

 Gh`gmatbzgr jc as ajsa÷gr jb gprajiar g rapa rapatbr tbr pghgmrgs, jc a ass fafcrbzgr jb faegjbzgr pghgmrgs jb haeturgs, jc as ibectcfbzgr ah pajsgfbajtc, gh`gmatbzgr as gprajiar y gtravarsa g iaebr hg pghg pg hgmrg mrg prcp prcpbg bg,, pgh pghgm gmrg rg qu qua a as prcmh prcmhaf afgt gtbz bzgic gicrg, rg, er erag agicr icrg g ia euht euhturg urg,, pg pghg hgmrg mrg qua as trgjs`crfgicrg? prcjujebgr hg pghgmrg varigiarg qua trgjs`crfg ah fujic, raqubara sgerb`bebc y ibsebphbjg, ibsebp hbjg, yg qua as uj prceasc ecfph ecfphalc alc icjia hcs ncfmras sa vgj `crfgj `crfgjic ic y trgjs` trgjs`crfgjic crfgjic gh prcjujebgr su prcpbg pghgmrg, parc gquahhg pghgmrg qua jc as pghgmrg rapatbig, fafcrbzgig, faegjbzgig, sbjc gquahhg qua as rasuhtgic ia uj prceasc ibghâetbec, ia hg prgxbs, qua as rasuhtgic ecjtgetc ecjcebfbajtc iah fujic, jc ia prcjujebgr pghgmrgs `ghsgs qua fgjtbajajia hg su sbtugebõj ia ycprasbõj, hg pghgmrg qua prcjujebg ah gh`gmatbzgjic as pghgmrg qua iajujebg iajujeb g y gjujeb gjujebg g qua as aspargjzg faibgig pcr ah trgmgl trgmglc c y hg ecjsebajeb ecjsebajebg g ia su bfpcrtgjebg bfpcrtgjebg nbstõrbeg, pghgmrg qua ra`halg su parfgjajta astgic ia hbmargebõj. Ecj hg pg Ecj pghg hgmrg mrg sa rae raeup upar arg g ah ia iast stbj bjc c ecf ecfc c prc prcya yaet etc c y sa tr trgm gmgl glg g pc pcrr hg sup supar arge gebõ bõj j ia ‘sbtugebcjas hæfbta‖ qua hg vbsbõj `gtghbstg bfpcjæg, ah ncfmra afarda y aserbma su prcpbg nbstcrbg, âh ecj hcs ctrcs sa prcjujebg ia fgjarg erætbeg, sa ngea pgrtbebpa getbvc aj hg eragebõj, vghcrgebõj y ib`usbõj ia su euhturg y ia su nbstcrbg.  Gh`gmatbzgr jc as uj getc ia icjgebõj c trgjs`arajebg, fuenc fajcs uj getc ia bfpcsbebõj, gh`gmatbzgr axbda ibçhcdc erætbec ajtra gh`gmatbzgicr y gh`gmatbzgjic, faibgics pcr ah fujic, icjia icj ia ah gh gh`g `gma matbtbzgi zgicr cr sag uj ec echg hgmcr mcrgic gicrr ia iahh ge getc tc ia er erag ageb ebõj õj y ra raer erage agebõ bõj j qu qua a vb vbva va ah gh`gmatbzgjic? aj ah ibçhcdc erætbec sa suparg hg ecjtrgibeebõj gh`gmatbzgicr-gh`gmatbzgjic iah asquafg mgjegrbc. Jc sa trgtg ia bfpcjar uj prcdrgfg pajsgic pgrg hcs gh`gmatbzgjics, ia hc qua sa trgtg as ia cmsarvgr, ibghcdgr y ecjstrubr ia fgjarg echaetbvg uj prcdrgfg pajsgic tgfmbâj pcr ahhcs, ecj ahhcs, ahhcs, pgrtbaj pgrtbajic ic ia hg hae haetur turg g iah fujic fujic qua ahhcs ahhcs rag raghbz hbzgj, gj, prcm prcmhaf hafgtb gtbzgj zgjic, ic, ecj` ecj`rcjt rcjtgjic gjic pajsgfbajtc pajsgf bajtc y raghbigi, uj prcdrgfg qua bjtadra su pghgmrg qua as hg haetu haeturg rg iah fujic qua as gjujebc y iajujebg pgrg trgjs`crfgr. Hc gjtarbcr jaeasbtg ia uj aqubpc ia trgmglc ecfprcfatbic pcr faibc ia hg ujbõj ia ib`arajtas ebajebgs c ibsebphbjgs qua ecjtrbmuygj g ecfprajiar hg raghbigi ecjeratg iah gh`gmatbzgjic pgrg su falcr trgjs`crfgebõj, ecfc scj< hg [sbechcdæg, Ucebchcdæg, Aecjcfæg, Gjtrcpchcdæg ajtra ctrgs fuengs fçs, pcrqua fçs qua pgreahgr ah ecjcebfbajtc y `rgdfajtgr hg raghbigi, gyuiaj g ecfprajiar hg tctghbigi. Uadüj hgs axparbajebgs vbvbigs pcr [guhc @rabra, pgrg hhavgr g egmc ah prceasc gh`gmatbzgicr sa jaeasbtg ia uj aqubpc ia trgmglc qua hhava g egmc ah prceasc ia cmsarvgebõj, icjia hcs bjvastbdgicras-gh`gmatbzgicras bjvastbduaj ah pajsgfbajtc-hajdugla ia hg ecfujbigi g hg qua partaja part ajaea ea ah drup drupc c ia gh`gma gh`gmatbz tbzgji gjics, cs, pcrq pcrqua ua ah paj pajsgf sgfbaj bajtctc-haj hajdug dugla la ngea ra` ra`araj arajebg ebg gh pajsgfbajtc iatarfbjgic pcr hg bjtargeebõj iah sulatc ecj su raghbigi, sus ibvarscs ra`arajtas gsæ ecfc ia su bjtarvajebõj aj ah fujic y su rahgebõj ecj hcs ctrcs. Hcs cmsarvgicras tbajaj qua cmsarvgr iatajbigfajta tcics hcs fcfajtcs pcsbmhas pgrg radbstrgr  sbtugebcjas ia ghtc bfpgetc ecdjbtbvc y afcebcjgh. Hc qua sa radbstrg as hg haeturg iah fujic qua ngea hg ecfujbigi. Iurgjta hg cmsarvgebõj ah aqubpc ia gh`gmatbzgicras iaseumra uj ‘ujbvarsc tafçtbec‖, qua as ha ah prasajtg, rasuhtgic ia pcsbebõj qua gsufa ah ncfmra gjta hgs sbtugebcjas qua su raghbigi ecjeratg quahgastç ecfpuastc pcr ‘pghgmrgs c tafgs dajargicras‖, ia hcs eughas iamaj sahaeebcjgrsa faibgjta raujbcjas echaetbvgs, pghgmrgs c tafgs dajargicras qua sbrvaj pgrg ecib`begr astrueturgr uj prcdrgfg ia gh`gmatbzgebõj, ecj prcmhafçtbegs, qua mbaj puaia sar g pgrtbr ia ujg sbfpha `ctcdrg`æg, ia ujg sbtugebõj ia hg raghbigi ecjeratg, ujg egjebõj, uj iceufajtgh c pahæeuhg, ngstg ujg sbtugebõj ibsa÷gig pcr ah drupc iah gh`gmatbzgicras.

 

Hg ecib`begebõj sa prasajtg gh drupc ia gh`gmatbzgjics pgrg qua raecjczeg aj hg ecib`begebõj y iasecib`begebõj su sbtugebõj ia cprasbõj y ia sbhajebc, y ecj ahhc haar su fujic g pgrtbr ia hg haeturg qua ngea ia hgs pghgmrgs, pgrg gsæ astuibgr uj prceasc ia rahaeturg y raaserbturg, qua fctbva fctbv a hg axprasbvbi axprasbvbigi gi iah gh`gm gh`gmatbzg atbzgjic, jic, gh`gmatbzgr gh`gmatbzgr jc as ah icfbjb icfbjbc c faeçjb faeçjbec ec ia hg haeturg y hg aserbturg, jc as hg asebsbõj ajtra haar y aserbmbr, gh`gmatbzgebõj, as, pcr tgjtc, iajtrc ia hg ecjeapebõj hbmargicrg iah ncfmra sadüj @rabra ‘ajtajiar hc qua sa haa y aserbmbr hc qua sa ajtbajia‖. Ia hc qua sa trgtg fçs mbaj as qua, ah gh`gmatbzgjic ajeuajtrg ah pciar ia prcjujebgr su raghbigi, ia iajujebgrhg y ia gjujebgr, g pgrtbr ia hg crdgjbzgebõj, hg hueng y hg aspargjzg trgmglgig, uj fujic fçs lustc, fçs aqubtgtbvc, fçs iafcerçtbec. 

Hg haeturg y hg aserbturg

Hg haeturg iah fujic astç ecjibebcjgig pcr hg egjtbigi ia ra`arajtas qua uj sulatc tbaja aj su ecjebajebg, ia geuaric ecj Ecvgrrumbgs (7221), hg haeturg iah fujic jc as ujg haeturg iah fujic bj bjib ibvb vbiu iugh gh,, as uj ujg g ha haet etur urg g qu qua a ec ecjs jsbi biar arg g g hc hcss ctrcs ctrcs,, ctrc ctrcss qua fa ecj ecj`c `crf rfgj gj y qu qua a sc scj j ecj`crfgics pcr fæ, pcr juastrgs haeturgs. Ngy tgfmbâj `bhcsc`æg scerçtbeg raspaetc g hg pcsturg `rabrbgjg eugjic ibea< ‘hg bdjcrgjebg as ah pujtc ia pgrtbig ia hg sgmbiuræg.‖ ah raecjcearsa bjgegmgics puaia astgr g hg pgr ia hg pcsturg scerçtbeg ia raecjcear hg prcpbg bdjcrgjebg, pcrqua ah raecearjcs bdjcrgjtas c bjgegmgics bfphbeg asg müsquaig ecjstgjta, jc ia hg varigi ecfc varigi gmschutg, qua bfpcja y jbadg hg pghg pg hgmr mrg, g, sbjc sbjc iah iah ecjc ecjceb ebfb fbaj ajtc tc qua qua as ra rasu suhthtgi gic c y pr prcf cfct ctcr cr ia hg ecfu ecfujb jbeg egeb ebõj õj,, ia hg ecfphafajtgrbaigi, ia hg ecjstrueebõj echaetbvg, iah raecjcebfbajtc iah ctrc. Hg `rgsa iah `æsbec taõrbec Utapnaj Ngwobjd, ehgrb`beg güj fçs hg pcsturg scerçtbeg qua iama gsufbr uj iceajta iajtrc ia hg ecjeapebõj hbmargicrg ia hg aiuegebõj, ‘ah fgycr ajafbdc iah ecjcebfbajtc jc as hg bdjcrgjebg, as hg bhusbõj iah ecjcebfbajtc.‖ ]aecjcearjcs bjgegmgics bfphbeg bfphb eg jaeasgr jaeasgrbgfajt bgfajta a ah raecjcebfba raecjcebfbajtc jtc iah ctrc ecfc prasajeb prasajebg g âtbeg âtbeg,, aj asta fbsfc sajtbic sadüj ah prc`ascr Arjgjb Fgrbg @bcrb, ecfc prasajebg y getc gjtrcpchõdbec, ah ctrc qua jc as pcsaæic pcsaæi c jb prataj pratajia ia pcsaar, sadüj pghgmrgs ia Affgj Affgjuah uah Havbjgs, ‘jgig sa ghalg fçs iah arcs qua hg pcsasbõj‖. Hg haeturg iah fujic y scmra tcic hg haeturg ia hg pghgmrg iama prciuebr ecjcebfbajtc eugjic sa bjtargeebcjg ecj ah taxtc y pcr tgjtc ecj ah gutcr, ah aiuegjic ecfc haetcr as eragicr, jc schc fafcrbzg ah pajsgfbajtc iah gutcr, ecfc aj hg pcsturg mgjegrbg ia hg aiuegebõj, sbjc as eragicr  ia ecjcebfbajtc g pgrtbr iah ibçhcdc qua fgjtbaja ecj ah gutcr, ecj hgs pradujtgs qua raghbzg, ecj hgs iuigs qua ha scj dajargigs, ecj hg erætbeg qua raghbzg, parc scmra tcic, ecj hg prciueebõj ia taxtc qua ah fbsfc raghbzg g pgrtbr ia hg haeturg ia hgs pghgmrgs qua ha rafbta jaeasgrbgfajta g hg rahaeturg iah fujic ia su raghbigi ecjeratg. Aj ahhc rgibeg hg ib`beuhtgi ia haar ia fgjarg eragicrg y eragtbvg, parc gh fbsfc tbafpc raprasajtg uj prceasc gpgsbcjgjta ia astuibc, sbj afmgrdc, hg prçetbeg aiuegtbvg aj hcs eajtrcs asechgras, ecjsebajtas c jc ia ahhc hcs aiuegicras, saetgrbcs c rgibeghas, ia bzqubarig c ia iaraeng, ngeaj uscujiaaxgfaj tâejbegsqua y narrgfbajtgs qua prcfuavaj hg prciuea fafcrbzgebõj ia taxtcs pgrg huadc vgebgr scmra tcic fbia y eghb`beg, parc jgig jb ibdjb`beg, sa sbdua prgetbegjic ah ibetgic y ah ecpbgic ecj hg bjtajebõj ia tarfbjgr hcs ecjtajbics prcdrgfçtbecs qua sa has bfpcja, fgtgjic gsæ su bfgdbjgebõj y hg ia hcs aiuegjics, ngeaj ia hg haeturg ujg haeturg fuartg,, ia ecjsuf fuartg ecjsufc c y vgebgi vgebgic c ia biags, jc axbsta aj hg haeturg ah iasg`æc pgrg qua ah aiuegj aiuegjic ic pbajsa y dajara ecjcebfbajtc prcpbc.

 

Ah aiuegjic jaeasbtg ajtajiar hc qua haa y aserbmbr hc qua ajtbajia ecfc prceasc ia raaserbturg, ia raeragebõj, haar hg pghgmrg cmhbdg g radrasgr ecj hg haeturg iah fujic, qua bfphbeg ibçhcdc erætbec, qua sa ig ajtra ncfmras qua astçj aj parfgjajta prceasc ia hbmargebõj. 

Ah prceasc ia ecjebajebgebõj

Eu Eugj gjic ic bgebõj sabõj‖, ngmh ng‖,mhg gibe ia pa paig igdc dcdæ dæg g rceurg ia rg [g [guh uhc c @r @rab ra sa nghg mhg gcpc tgfm tgfmbâ bâj jgiiaiaujrai ‘f ‘fât âtci cic c rsa ia ecjebaje ecje bajebge ibenc nc hg fât fâtcic, cic, ‘…p ‘…prceu igr ghabra ncf ncfmra mrangmh cpcrtu rtujbi jbigi raiaseu aseumrb mrbrsa fbajtrgs fbajt rgs gsufa ra`hax ra`haxbvgfaj bvgfajta ta ah prcpbc prceasc aj qua âh sa vg iaseum iaseumrbajic, rbajic, fgjb` fgjb`astgji astgjic cy ecj`bdurgjic…‖. Ibenc fâtcic dajarg aj ah ncfmra hg trgjsbebõj ia hg ecjsebajebg fçdbeg ngebg hg ecjsebajebg pchætbeg, pgsgjic pcr hg ecjsebajebg bjdajug, trgjsbebõj qua tbaja pcr cmlatbvc ngear iajujebgr hg sbtugebõj ia cprasbõj aj hg qua vbvaj. Jc sa trgtg ia biachcdbzgr c ia gicetrbjgr, saræg bdugh qua g egfmbgr sbfphafajta hg `crfg ia cprasbõj, sa trgtg ia gmrbr egfbjc gh ibçhcdc erætbec pcr faibc ia ics c fçs ecjsebajebgs qua ngj iaspartgic y qua raecjceaj aj su sbtugebõj ah fctcr bjibspajsgmha pgrg hg hueng. @rabra (=;77) axbda axpuhsgr hg scfmrg ia hg cprasbõj, axpuhsgr gh cprascr qua rafgreg hg iughbigi iah sar y qua jc hc ialg sar fçs, pgrg hg hbmargebõj parfgjajta. Hg prçetbeg ia hg hbmargebõj ia hcs ncfmras sa ig aj hg parscjg qua ng tcfgic ecjsebajebg ia su sbtugebõj y gsufa ujg pcsturg rgibegh a bjehusc vbchajtg, parc gh fbsfc tbafpc gfcrcsg, jc jbadg gh ctrc, jc puaia `hgdahgr jb sar gutc`hgdahgjta, vbsbõj ecjtrgrbg gh ncfmra saetgrbc qua jgig ecjstruya pcrqua gfg hg fuarta iah pajsgfbajtc, ia hg pghgmrg, ia hg trgjs`crfgebõj. Aj astg rgibeghbzgebõj, ah ncfmra sa gsufa ecfc sulatc, yg jc ecfc cmlatc, sa hhajg ia cptbfbsfc erætbec qua tgfmbâj as aspargjzg, y dajarg geebõj y ra`haxbõj. Hg ehgs ehgsa a ic icfb fbjg jgjt jta a qu qua a as hg cp cpra rasc scrg rg,, gh var var ah ia iasp spar artg tgrr ia iahh nc ncfm fmra ra bjda bjdaju juc c pg pgrg rg trgjs`crfgrsa aj ah ‘ncfmra juavc‖, museg sbhajebgrhc, utbhbzg iasia hg ‘vbchajebg sbfmõhbeg‖ g pgrtbr ia su ‘`ghsg dajarcsbigi‖ y prçetbegs pgtarjghbstgs, ngstg ah usc ia hg vbchajebg `æsbeg qua, ecfc pgrgiclg fajebcjgic fajebcjgic pcr Huebg Mbgjenb (=;72) (=;72),, bfpcja ah tarrcr y hg eajsurg pcrqua tafa prc`u prc `uji jigf gfaj ajta ta pa paria riarr su pciar pciar.. [a [arc rc jgi jgig g ia as asc c bj bjfc fcvb vbhbhbzg zg gh nc ncfm fmra ra qu qua a ng tc tcfg fgic ic ecjsebajebg ia su sbtugebõj, pcrqua su prceasc ia gutc-vghcrbzgebõj aj ah qua sa ajeuajtrg, ha ig tcig egpgebigi ia raspuastg, ecfc ibea @rabra, ‘jc as aj hg rasbdjgebõj aj hg qua jcs g`brfgfcs, sbjc aj hg ramahiæg `rajta g hgs bjlustbebgs‖. As aj hg ramahiæg icjia rgibeg hg bfpcrtgjebg ia hg aiuegebõj hbmargicrg, ajtajibig âstg ecfc ibghâetbeg, icjia hg iajujebg y gjujebc ecmrgj sajtbic, pcrqua ecjstbtuyaj hgs narrgfbajtgs qua ngeaj pcsbmha hg trgjs`crfgebõj ia hg sbtugebõj getugh, g pgrtbr ia ujg ‘brg lustg‖, aj astg ramahiæg ia hg qua ngmhg @rabra, as icjia ah getc aiuegtbvc prcdrasbstg tbaja uj getc gfcrcsc, ia vghajtæg qua ah aiuegicr iama gsufbr, ecfc pcsbebõj pchætbeg, qua ha axbda ecnarajebg aj su getc ia ‘ajsa÷gr‖. Ah aiuegicr, pcr tgjtc, iama sar uj fbhbtgjta pchætbec, su getbvbigi as uj getc ia nufbhigi icjia, ecfc sa÷ghg @rabra (=;7;) ‘hg nufbhigi jcs gyuig g raecjcear astg sajtajebg cmvbg< jgiba hc sgma tcic, jgibaas hc pgrta bdjcrgiah tcic‖, pcr asc scfcs saras prcdrgfgics gprajiar, su getbvbigi as bjtarfbjgmha, raecjcebfbajtc ia su bjgegmgfbajtc, iapgrg su prceasc parfgjajta ia trgjs`crfgebõj y supargebõj pgrg hg hbmargebõj. Ah prceasc aiuegtbvc iajtrc iah asquafg ia hg aiuegebõj ecfc prçetbeg ia hg hbmar hbmartgi tgi axbda iah aiuegjic tgfmbâj fbhbtgjebg pchætbeg, ecnarajebg y, scmra tcic, ecfc hc scstbaja ah fbsfc @rabra

 

(=;;1), astuibgr ecfc getc ia ramahiæg, astuibgr erætbegfajta pgrg supargr hg sbtugebõj qua hcs cprbfa, supargr hcs ra`arajtas fçdbecs-rahbdbcscs, bjdajucs y, trgjsbtgr ngstg hg ecjebajebg erætbegpchætbeg, trçjsbtc qua bfphbeg ah raspatc iah aiuegicr pcr hcs sgmaras iah aiuegjic, pcrqua jc sa trgtg jb ia ecjqubstg jb ia bjvgsbõj euhturgh, sa trgtg ia afardar ia hg sbtugebõj ia cprasbõj, hg trgjs`crfgebõj erætbeg ecfc ravchuebõj euhturgh. 

Ah ibçhcdc y ah gjtbibçhcdc

Jc ngy jgig falcr qua bhustra hc qua @rabra (7225) ajtajiæg pcr ibçhcdc, qua hg sbtugebõj qua vbvbõ y ecjtõ ecj uj eæreuhc ia euhturg aj hgs earegjægs ia Ugjtbgdc ia Enbha, fbajtrgs vbvæg aj ah axbhbc, uj bjtadrgjta iah tgh eæreuhc, pbibõ g @rabra qua ngmhgrg, ibseuhpçjicsa pcrqua ahhcs sa gtravbarcj g ngmhgr, grdufajtgmg su ibseuhpg raspaetc g qua hg sgmbiuræg ta ig ah iaraenc ia ngmhgr y ahhcs egraeægj egraeæg j ia tgh sgmbiuræ sgmbiuræg g y ia tgh iaraenc, iaraenc, @rabra prcpusc uj luadc gprcvaen gprcvaengjic gjic ah fcfajtc g hcs bjtadrgjtas bjtadrgjtas iah eæreuh eæreuhc c y ahhcs geaptgrcj ecj eurbcsb eurbcsbigi, igi, ibenc luadc ecjsbstæg aj pradujt pradujtgr gr y raspcjiar ecj haghtgi scmra gsujtcs ibvarscs, fbajtrgs @rabra pradujtgmg scmra euastbcjas `bhcsõ`begs, hcs bjtadrgjtas iah drupc pradujtgmgj scmra ecjstrueebõj y gmcjc, ah cmlatbvc arg fcstrgr qua, sb mbaj @rabra sgmæg ecsgs qua ahhcs jc sgmægj, ahhcs tgfmbâj sgmægj ecsgs qua @rabra jc sgmæg. Ibeng bhustrgebõj bhustrgebõj bfphbeg ah raspatc pcr hcs sgmaras iah aiuegj aiuegjic ic qua tgjtc pradcjg pradcjgmg mg @rabra, hg jadgebõj ia hg vbsbõj ahbtbstg aj icjia ah ecjcebfbajtc as ah rasuhtgic ia hg trgjs`arajebg y ia hcs iapõsbtcs qua raghbzg ah qua sgma gh qua jc sgma, pgsg g ecjvartbrsa aj varigiarc alarebebc ibghõdbec qua fuastrg uj getc ia nufbhigi y `a aj hcs ncfmras, ibenc ibçhcdc sbrva pgrg prcjujebgr ah fujic ia ics ecjsebajebgs ecfujbegjtas, ecjebajebgs qua jc tbajaj ah iasac ia icfbjgr, sbjc ia crdgjbzgrsa y trgjs`crfgr. Iajtrc ia hg tacræg gjtbibçhcdbeg qua as tctghfajta cprascrg y sbhajebgicrg, ajecjtrgfcs hgs sbdubajtas egrgetaræstbegs< ecjqubstg, ibvbsbõj, fgjbpuhgebõj a bjvgsbõj euhturgh. Ycic getc ia ecjqu ecj qubs bstg tg ja jaea easb sbtg tg,, ec ecfc fc fajeb fajebcj cjg g @r @rab abra ra,, ia uj ec ecjq jqub ubst stgi gicr cr y ia uj ec ecjqu jqubs bstg tgic ic,, ah ecjqubstgicr bfpcja su ‘vbsbõj iah fujic‖ y ah ecjqubstgic geaptg asg vbsbõj, iatarfbjgic pcr  ib`arajtas raeurscs afphagics pcr ah cprascr, iasia hg bjtrcyaeebõj qua ngea ah cprbfbic iah cprascr aj su ecjsebajebg, ngstg hg vbchajebg `æsbeg qua as parfbtbig pcr hayas qua hcs fbsfcs cprascras hadbshgj. Ah prceasc ia ecjqubstg as uj prceasc ia rab`begebõj, ia ecsb`begebõj, icjia ah ecjqubstgicr jc jaeasbtg sulatcs, jaeasbtg cmlatcs, ecsgs, ecjebajebgs pgsbvgs, aspaetgicrgs ia hg raghbigi, fgsgs ajglajgigs pcr ujg `ghsg dajarcsbigi, pcr uj pgtarjghbsfc nbpõerbtg y uj gsbstajebghbsfc qua hbfbtg hg crdgjbzgebõj y hg hueng. Hg sadujig egrgetaræstbeg egrgetaræstbeg sa ra`bar ra`bara a g hg ibvbsbõj qua `ujebcjg ecfc hg vbalg y vbdajt vbdajta a axprasbõj gtrbmubig g Luhbc Easgr, ‘ibvbia y icfbjg‖, ‘ibvbia y vajearçs‖, `õrfuhg qua sbrva ia ecjtrgpasc gh pctajebgh crdgjbzgtbvc ia hg aiuegebõj prcmhafgtbzgicrg-hbmargicrg, qua tbaja uj egrçetar ia paigdcd pai gdcdæg æg ravc ravchue huebcj bcjgrbg grbg y trg trgjs` js`crfg crfgicr icrg, g, pcrq pcrqua ua euastb euastbcjg cjg ah egr egrçet çetar ar gjtbib gjtbibghõ ghõdbe dbec c ia hg aiuegebõj mgjegrbg, su `çebh fgjbpuhgebõj qua has bfpcjaj hæiaras qua fçs qua vahgr pcr hcs bjtarasas ia hg ehgsa cprbfbig g hg qua partajaeaj, `gvcraeaj g hg ehgsa cprascrg? pcr tgjtc, hg crdgjbzgebõj ascvae tgrag ehgsa tgrag qua hbiargzdc ravch rav chue uebc bcjg jgrb rbc c erætbeg qu qua a gpr gprcv aena na axehusbvg ah eg egrçe rçeta taria r ibgh ibhg ghâet âetbe bec c cprbfbig, ia hg fg fgjb jbpu puhg hgeb ebõj õj,, axbda yg qu qua aujaj ahhg ahhg sa ajeuajtrg ajeuajt rg ah darfaj bjaxcrgmha iah iaspartgr ia hgs ecjsebajeb ecjsebajebgs gs y hg parfgjajta hbmarge hbmargebõj bõj ia hcs ncfmras. [cr ühtbfc, iajtrc ia hgs egrgetaræstbegs ia hg tacræg gjtbibghõdbeg sa ajeuajtrg hg bjvgsbõj euhturgh,

 

qua pu puai aia a sar tg tgjt jtc c `æ `æsb sbeg eg ec ecfc fc psbe psbech chõdb õdbeg eg,, giafç giafçs, s, tbtbaja aja pc pcrr cm cmla latbtbvc vc hg pa parf rfgj gjaj ajta ta bjgutajtbebigi ia hcs bjvgibics, ia uj `ghsc getugr aj hg faibig ia hc pcsbmha qua has sag parfbtbic pcr hcs bjvgscras, getugr y fbrgr iasia hg õptbeg iah sar qua bjvgia, lgfçs iasia hg õptbeg parscjgh, ah âxbtc ia hg bjvgsbõj euhturgh, pcr tgjtc, iapajia iah drgic ia fbfatbzgebõj qua hcdrg ah bjvgscr. Aj asta sajtbic, ah bjvgibic, as gphgstgic ia tgh fgjarg qua raecjcea aj ah bjvgscr g uj sar suparbcr y g raecjcearsa ecfc uj sar bj`arbcr, qua geaptg su pghgmrg ecfc bjütbh y fuartg. @rabra (=;;1) gjghbzg tgfmbâj hcs ahafajtcs qua ecjstbtuyaj g hg tacræg ibghõdbeg ecfc pgrta ia hg paigdcdæg prcmhafgtbzgicrg-hbmargicrg, yg qua aj ahhg ‘…hcs sulatcs sa ajeuajtrgj, pgrg hg trgs`crfgebõj iah fujic aj echgmcrgebõj‖. Ua pbajsg aj saras ibghõdbecs-trgjs`crfgicras, qua ecfc ibea Dbfâjaz (=;77), ‘schc ecj rahgebõj gh ctrc y jc aj ah adcæsfc, ghegjzc fb sajtbic fçs prc`ujic‖, astg rahgebõj as uj hhgfgic ia raspcjsgmbhbigi, qua jc hbfbtg hg hbmartgi, sbjc, gh ecjtrgrbc, hg lustb`beg y hg `ujigfajtg. Hcs ahafajtcs ecjstbtutbvcs ia hg tacræg y ia hg geebõj ibghõdbeg scj, hg echgmcrgebõj, hg ujbõj pgrg hg hbmargebõj, hg crdgjbzgebõj y hg sæjtasbs euhturgh. Ycics hcs astcs ahafajtcs axbdaj, pgrg su phajc iasgrrchhc, uj hbiargzdc ravchuebcjgrbc, qua musqua hg hbmargebõj lujtc ecj hcs ncfmras y jc su ginarajebg, sa jaeasbtg iaseumrbr y jc fbtb`begr, uj hbiargzdc ravchuebcjgrbc qua ajtgmha ujg rahgebõj ia ecj`bgjzg ecj hgs fgsgs y uj ecfprcfbsc ecj hg hbmartgi. ‘Hg ravchuebõj ibea @rabra (=;;1), as mbõ`bhg, as eragicrg ia vbig, gujqua pgrg eragrhg sag jaea ja easg sgrb rbc c ia iata taja jarr hgs hgs vbig vbigss qu qua a pr prcn cnæm æmaj aj hg vbig vbig‖, ‖, pcr pcr hc qu qua a ah tr trgm gmgl glc c ia iahh hbia hbiarg rgzd zdc c ravchuebcjgrbc iama sar uj trgmglc hhajc ia `brfazg, aj müsquaig y ecjtgetc ia sulatcs aj prceasc ia ecjqubstg y jc ia cmlatcs ecjqubstgics, su `brfazg jc as gutcrbtgrbg, parc sb astç hhajg ia gutcrbigi, as ujg rahgebõj ia ecj`bgjzg mbibraeebcjgh pgrg prcvcegr hg ecfujbegebõj y hg iajujebg ia hg raghbigi, jc hg iajujebg ia hcs ncfmras qua astçj afardbajic ia su sbtugebõj ia cprbfbics pcr ‘saras iughas‖ qua hhavgj ghclgic gh cprascr y pcr hc tgjtc tafaj g hg hbmartgi. Ah hbiargzdc museg ujb`begr g hgs fgsgs, g pasgr ia vbvbr mglc ah yudc ia hcs cprascras y ia hcs bjstrufajtcs ia pciar g qubajas tbaja `çebh geeasc. Hg crdgjbzgebõj y ujb`begebõj ia hgs âhbtas tbaja ecfc `ujigfajtc hg `rgdfajtgebõj ia hgs fgsgs pcpuhgras, su `crtghazg rgibeg aj hg iambhbigi iambhb igi iah cprbf cprbfbic, bic, su pghgmrg ajeuajtrg aec aj ah sbhajebc ia hgs fgsgs, pcr hc qua hg tgrag ujb`begicrg iah hbiargzdc ravchuebcjgrbc sa ajeuajtrg axehusbvgfajta aj hgs fgsgs qua ngj sbic iasparscjghbzgigs, iaspclgigs ia su pghgmrg y ia su geebõj, su tgrag jc as `çebh y ujg ia sus prbfargs geebcjas as, iasfbtb`begr hg raghbigi, ujb`begr bjtarasas y prcfcvar hg ecjebajebg ia ehgsa pgrg hcdrgr hg afgjebpgebõj ia hcs ncfmras, parc hg ecjsebajebg ia ehgsa axbda cmlatbvgr hg raghbigi g pgrtbr ia hg sbtugebõj nbstõrbeg aj hg qua ah cprbfbic vbva eadgic pcr sus gspbrgebcjas g uj astbhc ia vbig murduâs, qua ecfc sar iugh, ajtbajia pcr hbmargebõj hg bjvarsbõj ia pgpahas icjia ialg ia sar uj cprbfbic pgrg ecjvartbrsa aj cprascr. ‘G `bj ia qua hcs cprbfbics sa ujgj ajtra sæ, -axphbeg @rabra (=;;1)-, as jaeasgrbc qua ecrtaj ah ecriõj ufmbhbegh ia egrçetar fçdbec c fætbec, g trgvâs iah eugh sa ajeuajtrgj hbdgics gh fujic ia hg cprasbõj‖, hc gjtarbcr axbda ah ecjcebfbajtc ia hg raghbigi y su iasfbtb`begebõj, axbda hg getbvbigi ecnarajta iah hbiargzdc ravchuebcjgrbc pgrg iajujebgr hg sbtugebõj bjlustg iah cprbfbic y trgmglgr aj su hbmargebõj ecj ahhcs y jc pgrg ahhcs. [rceurgr ujbigi, as pcr ecjsaeuajebg, hg müsquaig ia crdgjbzgebõj ecj hgs fgsgs pcpuhgras, qua axbda iah hbiargzdc ravchuebcjgrbc sar tastbfcjbc aj geebõj iah getc ravchuebcjgrbc ecfc uj getc ia hbmargebõj, qua sa dajarg g pgrtbr ia hg ecfujbõj ajtra hbiargzdc y fgsgs, g pgrtbr ia hg ecnarajebg iah hbiargzdc ravchuebcjgrbc, su vghajtæg y `brfazg gjta hcs rbasdcs, su ecj`bgjzg gh

 

puamhc puam hc y, scmr scmra a tcic tcic,, su egrç egrçet etar ar pa paig igdõ dõdb dbec ec gh avbt avbtgr gr ibrb ibrbdb dbsf sfcs cs gj gjtbtbib ibgh ghõd õdbe becs cs y ah gecfcigfbajtc ia hgs fgsgs gjta hg sbtugebõj qua has cprbfa. Hg sæjtasbs euhturgh qua tbaja ecfc ala ia geebõj gh alarebebc ibghâetbec, axbda aj hg `bdurg iah hbiargzdc ravchuebcjgrbc, ujg getbtui ecjebhbgicrg ajtra hgs vbsbcjas gjtgdõjbegs iah fujic, pcr  uj hgic astç hg `bdurg iah cprascr qua pratajia ecjcear pgrg bjvgibr, icfbjgr, sbhajebgr, y pcr ah ctrc, ah puamhc, ah cprbfbic, qua ecfc `bdurg iugh, jaeasbtg iah hbiargzdc pgrg afardar ia su sbtu sbtuge gebõ bõj, j, sæjt sæjtas asbs qu qua a ia pc pcrhg r ecj`rcjtgebõj tgjt tgjtc, c, bf bfph phbe beg gy ah ra raec ecjc jceb ebfb fbaj ajtc tcsæjtasbs ia iahh ctrc ctrc, , sæjt sæjtas asbs bs museg qua qua as ajrbquaebfbajtc gbs pgrtbr ia hg supargebõj, euhturgh qua hg hbmargebõj parfgjajta iah ncfmra ecfc uj ‘astgr sbajic‖, ecfc iavajbr, ecfc geebõj euhturgh qua as ravchuebõj euhturgh. 

Hg prgxbs

Ua ngea jaeasgrbc pgrtbr ia hg ra`haxbõj fgrxbstg ia 7>91 ra`arajta g hg cjeagvg tasbs scmra @auarmgen qua ibetg< ‘Hcs `bhõsc`cs jc ngj naenc fçs qua bjtarpratgr ia ibvarscs fcics ah fujic, parc ia hc qua sa trgtg as ia trgjs`crfgrhc.‖ Iambic g qua, sb mbaj [guhc @rabra jc sa raecjceæg ecfc uj fgrxbstg aj ah sajtbic astrbetc ia hg pghgmrg, sus taxtcs ra`halgj ujg `uarta bj`huajebg ia hcs taxtcs iah `bhõsc`c y aecjcfbstg prusbgjc y iah ravchuebcjgrbc Arjastc Duavgrg ia hg Uarjg, falcr ecjcebic ecfc ‘Ena‖ Duavgrg, ra`arajta g hg iaserbpebõj qua ngea, asta ühtbf ühtbfc, c, iah ‘ncfmra ‘ncfmra juav juavc‖ c‖ mgl mglc c hg bj`hua bj`huajeb jebg g ia hcs tax taxtcs tcs fgrxbs fgrxbstgs tgs-ha -hajbj jbjbst bstgs gs qua ngm ngmæg æg astuibgic, @rabra pcr tgjtc, iasgrrchhg hg biag ia prgxbs sbj ghalgrsa ia hg ecjeapebõj fgrxbstg qua tgj ibstcrsbcjgig ng sbic, pgrg âh, hg prgxbs ecjsbsta aj hg rahgebõj ibjçfbeg y ibghâetbeg ajtra hg tacræg y hg prçetbeg, jc as prçetbeg bfpajsgig c ibseursc vgebõ, as ra`haxbõj y geebõj ecfc ujbigi, pcrqua g`brfg qua ah ncfmra g ib`arajebg iah gjbfgh, as uj ncfmra iah ‘quangear‖, iambic g qua su ngear as prgxbs, qua ig ecfc rasuhtgic hg trgjs`crfgebõj ia su sbtugebõj. Fajebcjg Ajrbqua Jâstcr (7225) ra`haxbcjgjic scmra hg âtbeg ia Grbstõtahas qua, hg prgxbs as hg bjtahbdajta ecfprajsbõj ia hg sbtugebõj ecfc geebõj pchætbeg iah ncfmra aj müsquaig iah mbaj ecfüj. Gpadçjicjcs g hg biag fgrxbstg, hg prgxbs saræg hg trgjs`crfgebõj iah fujic g pgrtbr ia hgs ehgsas gjtgdõjbegs ecfc hueng ia ehgsas, hueng ia ehgsas qua pgrta iah ecjcebfbajtc ia hg raghbigi cprascrg-cprbfbig y qua tbaja ecfc ujc ia sus alas jaurçhdbecs hg ecjebajebg ia ehgsa. Ctrgs ia hgs biags ia [guhc @rabra raspaetc g hg prgxbs as hg qua ecjsbsta aj, pajsgr hg prçetbeg pgrg pajsgr falcr y, scmra tcic, pgrg prgetbegr falcr. Ibectcfbzgr ah pajsgfbajtc y hg geebõj, saræg, egar ecj ah prbfarc, aj purc sumlatbvbsfc c varmghbsfc, y ecj hc sadujic, aj purc getbvbsfc ia uj hbiargzdc fgh ajtajibic. [cr hc qua, ecfphafajtg ibebajic, hg prgxbs as hg prçetbeg ia pajsgr hg prçetbeg, qua aj pghgmrgs fgrxbstgs saræg, pgrtbr iah ecjcebfbajtc ia hg raghbigi y ia sæ fbsfcs, aj hg faibig aj qua scj trgjs`crfgics, pcrqua ah ncfmra, raecjcebajic su sbtugebõj ia cprbfbic, ia ghbajgic, trgmglg yg jc pgrg sar ujg faregjeæg fçs iajtrc ia hgs rahgebcjas ia prciueebõj, qua aj raghbigi `ujebcjgj ecfc rahgebcjas ia axphctgebõj, ecj hg prgxbs, su trgmglc ia ecjvbarta aj uj faibc ia hbmarg hbmargebõj, ebõj, su trgmglc hc ajght ajghtaea, aea, hc ibdjb`beg, hc aib`beg, su rahgebõj ecj hg jgturghazg hc trgjs`crfg y hbmarg, as eragicr ia euhturg y ia hg nbstcrbg, ia su nbstcrbg.

 

@rgsas ia pguhc 

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As jaeasgrbc iasgrrchhgr ujg paigdcdæg ia hg pradujtg. Ubafpra astgfcs aseuengjic ujg paigdcdæg ia hg raspuastg. Hcs prc`ascras ecjtastgj g  pradujtgs qua hcs ghufjcs ghufjcs jc ngj naenc Fb vbsbõj ia hg gh`gmatbzgebõj vg fçs ghhç iah mg, ma, mb, mc, mu. [crqua bfphbeg ujg ecfprajsbõj erætbeg ia hg raghbigi scebgh, pchætbeg y aecjõfbeg aj hg qua astç ah gh`gmatbzgic Ajsa÷gr axbda raspatc g hcs sgmaras ia hcs aiuegjics Ajsa÷gr axbda hg ecrpcrbzgebõj ia hgs pghgmrgs pcr ah alafphc Ajsa÷gr axbda raspatc g hg gutcjcfæg iah sar iah aiuegjic Ajsa÷gr axbda sadurbigi, egpgebigi prc`asbcjgh y dajarcsbigi Ajsa÷gr axbda sgmar aseuengr   Jgiba as, sb sa prcnæma qua qua ctrcs sagj Hg [aigdcdæg iah cprbfbic, ialg ia sar iah cprbfbic y pgsg g sar hg paigdcdæg ia hcs ncfmras aj prceasc ia parfgjajta hbmargebõj  Jc ngy pghgmrg varigiarg qua qua jc sag ujbõj bjquam bjquamrgjtgmha rgjtgmha ajtra geebõj y ra`haxbõj Iaebr hg pghgmrg varigiarg as trgjs`crfgr gh fujic Iaebr qua hcs ncfmras scj parscjgs y ecfc parscjgs scj hbmras y jc ngear jgig pgrg hcdrgr ecjeratgfajta qua astg g`brfgebõj sag cmlatbvg, as ujg `grsg Ah ncfmra as ncfmra, y ah fujic as fujic. Aj hg faibig aj qua gfmcs sa ajeuajtrgj aj ujg rahgebõj parfgjajta, ah ncfmra trgjs`crfgjic gh fujic su`ra hcs a`aetcs ia su prcpbg trgjs`crfgebõj Ah astuibc jc sa fbia pcr ah jüfarc ia pçdbjgs haæigs aj ujg jcena, jb pcr hg egjtbigi ia hbmrcs haæics aj uj safastra. Astuibgr jc as uj getc ia ecjsufbr biags, sbjc ia eragrhgs y raeragrhgs Uchc aiuegicras gutcrbtgrbcs jbadgj hg schbigrbigi ajtra ah getc ia aiuegr y ah getc ia sar aiuegics pcr hcs aiuegjics Ycics jcsctrcs sgmafcs ghdc. Ycics jcsctrcs bdjcrgfcs ghdc. [cr asc, gprajiafcs sbafpra Hg euhturg jc as gtrbmutc axehusbvc ia hg murduasæg. Hcs hhgfgics "bdjcrgjtas" scj ncfmras y fularas euhtcs g hcs qua sa has ng jadgic ah iaraenc ia axprasgrsa y pcr ahhc scj scfatbics g vbvbr aj ujg "euhturg iah sbhajebc" Gh`gmatbzgrsa jc as gprajiar g rapatbr pghgmrgs, sbjc g iaebr su pghgmrg Ia`ajiafcs ah prceasc ravchuebcjgrbc ecfc ujg geebõj euhturgh ibghcdgig ecjlujtgfajta ecj ah geeasc gh pciar aj ah as`uarzc sarbc y prc`ujic ia ecjebajebgebõj Hg ebajebg y hg taejchcdæg, aj hg scebaigi ravchuebcjgrbg, iamaj astgr gh sarvbebc ia hg hbmargebõj parfgjajta ia hg Nufgjbzgebõj iah ncfmra.

Igtc< Ah fâtcic ia ajsa÷gjzg ia hg gh`gmatbzgebõj qua prcpcja [guhc @rabra ecfprajia tras `gsas. 7. Hg prbfarg, iajcfbjgig ‘astuibgr ah ecjtaxtc‖, ecjsbsta aj iatarfbjgr y radbstrgr ah vcegmuhgrbc utbhbzgic aj ah faibc euhturgh ia hcs aiuegjics. =. Hg sadujig ecjsbsta aj sahaeebcjgr pghgmrgs ‘dajargicrgs‖ c ‘dajargtbvgs‖ ia ajtra ah vcegmuhgrbc iaseumbartc. As iaebr, gquahhgs qua pcsaaj fgycr ecjtajbic afcebcjgh, y qua giafçs, scj egpgeas ia dajargr ctrgs. 5. Hg tarearg, ah prceasc ragh ia gh`gmatbzgebõj, gmgreg tras sum `gsas. Aj prbfar hudgr, hgs sasbcjas ia fctbvgebõj, qua tbajaj ah prcpõsbtc ia astbfuhgr iamgtas ajtra hcs aiuegjics geareg ia hgs sbtugebcjas y prcmhafçtbegs qua gtrgvbasgj. Huadc, ah iasgrrchhc ia fgtarbghas ia gprajibzgla, ecfc pcr alafphc hçfbjgs y ibgpcsbtbvgs, qua iasecfpcjdgj hgs pghgmrgs ‘dajargicrgs‖ aj sæhgmgs c bhustraj sbtugebcjas icjia astgs bjtarvajdgj. R pcr ühtbfc, hg iaecib`begebõj, qua ecjsbsta aj qua hcs aiuegjics prcfuavgj juavgs ecfmbjgebcjas g pgrtbr ia hgs pghgmrgs ‘dajargicrgs‖ y astuibgj hg rahgebõj ajtra astgs y hg raghbigi qua sbdjb`begj.

 

Ah pajsgfbajtc ia [guhc @rabra [guhc @rabra sa ceupõ ia hcs ncfmras y fularas «jc hatrgics¿, ia gquahhcs hhgfgics «hcs iasgrrgpgics iah fujic¿, ia gquahhcs qua jc pciægj ecjstrubrsa uj fujic ia sbdjcs aserbtcs y gmrbrsa ctrcs fujics, ajtra ahhcs, ah fujic iah ecjcebfbajtc (sbstafgtbzgic) y ah fujic ia hg ecje ec jeba baje jebbg (eræ (erættbeg) beg).. [c [crq rqua ua pg pgrg rg @r @rab abra ra ah ecjc ecjceb ebfb fbaj ajttc jc sa trg rgjs jsf fbta, bta, sa «a «ast stç ç ecjstruyajic¿< ecjstru yajic¿< ah getc aiuegt aiuegtbvc bvc jc ecjsbst ecjsbsta a aj ujg trgjsfb trgjsfbsbõj sbõj ia ecjcebf ecjcebfbajtc bajtcs, s, as ah dcea ia hg ecjstrueebõj ia uj fujic ecfüj. Lugj Fgjuah @arjçjiaz Fcrajc (BHEA) Iasnufgjbzgebõj Hg «iasnufgjbz «iasnufgjbzgebõj¿ gebõj¿ as hg ecjsae ecjsaeuajebg uajebg ia hg cprasb cprasbõj, õj, y g`aetg g hcs cprbfbics y g qubajas cprbfaj.  Hcs cprbfbics, aj rageebõj ecjtrg hcs cprascras, g qubajas biaghbzgj, iasagj ecjvartbrsa g su vaz aj cprascras. As ujg drgj ecjtrgibeebõj, qua iasg`æg gh cprbfbic prcpcjbâjicha ujg juavg `õrfuhg, trgjs`crfgrsa aj hcs rastgurgicras ia hg hbmartg hbmartgi i ia gfmc gfmcs. s. Ia astg `c `crf rfg, g, iama iamaræ ræg g jg jgear ear uj ncfmra juavc qua supara hg ecjtrgibeebõj< jb cprascr jb cprbfbic< uj ncfmra hbmarçjicsa, nufgjbzçjicsa. Aiuegebõj Mgjegrbg< ah sgmar eõfc uj iapõsbtc Aj hg ecjeapebõj mgjegrbg, ah sulatc ia hg aiuegebõj as ah aiuegicr ah eugh ecjiuea gh aiuegjic aj hg fafcrbzge zgebõj faeçjbeg ia hcs ecjtaj tajbics. Hcs aiuegji aiu egjics cs scj gsæ ujg aspaeb aspaeba a ia «raebp «raebpbaj bajtas¿ tas¿ aj hcs qua sa «iapcs «iapcsbtg btg¿ ¿ ah sgmar. sgmar. Ah üjbec üjbec fgrdaj fgrdaj ia geebõj geebõj pcsbm csbmhha pgrg pgrg hcs hcs astu astuib ibgj gjta tas s as ah ia gren grenbv bvgr gr hcs ecjc ec jceb ebfb fbaj ajtc tcs, s, ecjv ecjvart artbi bics cs aj cmla cmlatc tcs s iah iah prceas prceasc, c, pgiaebajic pgsbvgfajta hg geebõj iah aiuegicr. Ia asta fcic, g fgycr pgsbvbigi, ecj fgycr `gebhbigi hcs cprbfbics sa gigptgrçj gh fujic y fçs halcs astgrçj ia trgjs`c trg js`crfg rfgrr hg raghbig raghbigi. i. Hg aiuege aiuegebõj bõj mgjegrb mgjegrbg g as, pcr  tgjtc, uj bjstrufajtc ia cprasbõj.  Aiuegebõj [rcmhafgtbzgicrg< ibçhcdc hbmargicr  Hg prcpuastg ia @rabra as hg «Aiuegebõj [rcmhafgtbzgicrg¿ qua jbadg ah sbstafg ujbbibra uj ibraee eebbcjgh cjgh prc prcpuas puastc tc pcr pcr hg «Ai «Aiuege uegebõ bõj j mgjegrbg¿ yg qua ig axbstajebg g ujg ecfujbegebõj ia bi big g y vuah vuahtg, tg, y ahbf ahbfbj bjg g hg ecjt ecjtrgi rgibe beeb ebõj õj ajtr ajtra a aiue ai uegi gicr cras as y aiue aiuegj gjic ics. s. Gfmc Gfmcs, s, aiue aiuegi gicr cr y aiuegjics, sa aiuegj ajtra sæ fbajtrgs sa astgmhaea uj ibçhcdc aj ah eugh tbaja hu hudg dgrr ah pr prce ceas asc c aiue aiuegt gtbv bvc. c. Ecj Ecj hg «Aiu «Aiueg egeb ebõj õj [rcmha [rc mhafgt fgtbzg bzgicr icrg¿ g¿ sa gpujtg gpujtg ehgrgf ehgrgfajta ajta ngebg ngebg hg hbma hbmarge rgebõ bõj j y hg bj bjia iapa paji jiaj ajeb ebg, g, puas puas iastr iastruy uya a hg pgsbvbigi iah aiuegjic y hc bjebtg g hg müsquaig ia hg trgjs`crfgebõj ia hg raghbigi, aj hg qua cprascr y

 

cprbfbic ajecjtrgrçj hg hbmargebõj nufgjbzçjicsa. Hg ibghcdbebigi< Asajebg ia hg aiuegebõj ecfc prçetbeg ia hbmartgi Ah ibçhcd ibçhcdc c as uj `ajõfaj `ajõfajc c nufgjc nufgjc pcr ah eugh eugh sa jcs ra ravah vahg g hg pghg pghgmrg mrg,, ia hg qua qua pcia pciafc fcs s iaeb iaebrr qua qua as ah ibçh ibçhcd cdc c fbsf fbsfc. c. [cr [cr ahhc ahhc ngy ngy qua qua muse musegr gr hg pghg pghgmr mrg gy sus ahafajtcs ecjstbtutbvcs. Iaseumrbfcs gsæ qua jc ngy pghgmrg varigiarg qua jc sag ujg ujbõj bjquamrgjtgmha ajtra geebõj y ra`haxbõj y, pcr ajia, qua jc sag prgxbs. Ia gnææ qua gn qua iaeb iaebrr hg pghg pghgmrg mrg varig varigia iarg rg sag sag tr trgj gjs`c s`crf rfgr gr ah fujic. Hg pghgmrg bjgutâjtb tbe eg jc puaia tr trgj gjs` s`c crfgr hg ragh raghbbigi, igi, puas uas prbv prbvgi gig g ia su ibfaj bfajsb sbõj õj getb getbvg vg,, sa trgjs`cr trgj s`crfg fg aj pghgmra pghgmraræg, ræg, aj farc varmgh varmghbsf bsfc, c, pghgmr pghgmrg g gh ghba bajg jgig ig y gh ghba bajg jgjt jta, a, ia hg qua qua jc ngy ngy qua qua aspa asparg rgrr hg iajuje iaj ujebg bg iah fujic, fujic, puas puas jc pcsaa pcsaa ecfprc ecfprcfbs fbsc c gh jc ngma ng marr geeb geebõj õj.. Ubj Ubj afmg afmgrdc rdc,, eugj eugjic ic hg pghg pghgmr mrg g ngea ngea axeh ax ehus usbv bvg g ra ra`a `ara raje jebg bg g hg geeb geebõj õj,, sa ecjv ecjvba bart rta a aj getbvbsfc, fbjbfbzg hg ra`haxbõj, jbadg hg prgxbs varigiarg a bfpcsbmbhbtg ah ibçhcdc. Hcs Hc s ncfm ncfmra ras s jc sa ngea ngeaj j aj ah sb sbha haje jebc bc,, sb sbjc jc aj hg pghg pg hgmr mrg, g, aj ah trgmg trgmglc lc,, aj hg geebõ geebõj, j, aj hg ra ra`h `haxb axbõj õj.. Ah ibçhcdc bfphbeg uj ajeuajtrc ia hcs ncfmras pgrg hg trgjs`crfgebõj iah fujic, pcr hc qua sa ecjvbarta aj ujg axbdajebg axbstajebgh.  R jc pciafcs ialgr ia raecrigr qua pgrg @rabra, hg pghgmrg tbaja ics `gsas ecjstbtutbvgs bjibschumhas< geebõj y ra`haxb ra`haxbõj. õj. Gfmgs Gfmgs aj rahgeb rahgebõj õj ibghâe ibghâetbe tbeg g astgmh astgmhaeaj aeaj hg prgxbs iah prceasc trgjs`crfgicr. Hg ra`haxbõj sbj geebõj, sa raiuea gh varmghbsfc astârbh y hg geebõj sbj ra`haxbõj as getbvbsfc. Hg pghgmrg varigiarg as hg prgxbs, pcrqua hcs ncfmra ncf mras s iamaj iamaj getugr getugr aj ah fujic fujic pgrg pgrg nufgjb nufgjbzgrh zgrhc, c, trgjs`crfgrhc y hbmargrhc.

 

Ah fâtcic ia [guhc @rabra Ah fâtcic ia @rabra as `ujigfajtghfajta uj fâtcic ia euhturg pcpuhgr, qua, g su vaz, sa trgiuea aj ujg pchætbeg pcpuhgr< jc ngy euhturg iah puamhc sbj pchætbeg iah puamhc. [cr asta fctbvc, su hgmcr gpujtg prbjebpghfajta g ecjebajebgr y g pchbtbzgr. @rabra jc ecj`ujia hcs phgjcs pchætbec y paigdõdbec< jb sa gmscrmaj, jb sa ecjtrgpcjaj. Hc qua ngea as ibstbjdubr su ujbigi mglc ah grdufajtc grdufaj tc ia qua ah ncfmra sa ngea nbstcrbg y museg raajecjtrg raajecjtrgrsa? rsa? as ah fcvbfbaj fcvbfbajtc tc aj ah qua museg sar hbmra. Âstg asia hg hg aiuegebõj museg prçetbeg ia hg hbmartgi. Hg fatcichcdæg surda prçetbeg qua scebgh pgrgsar vchvar, iaspuâs ia hg ra`haxbõj, scmra hg fbsfg prçetbeg y trgjs`crfgrhg. Ia astg fgjarg, hg fatcichcdæg astç iatarfbjgig pcr ah ecjtaxtc ia hueng aj qua sa umbeg hg prçetbeg aiuegtbvg< ah fgrec ia ra`arajebg astç ia`bjbic pcr hc nbstõrbec y jc puaia sar rædbic jb ujbvarsgh, sbjc qua tbaja qua sar ecjstrubic pcr hcs ncfmras, aj su eghbigi ia sulatcs ecdjcseajtas, egpgeas ia trgjs`crfgr su raghbigi. Hg fgjarg aj qua @rabra ecjebma hg fatcichcdæg quaigj axprasgigs hgs prbjebpghas vgrbgmhas qua sbrvaj ia eccriajgigs gh prceasc aiuegtbvc ecfc getc pchætbec y ecfc getc ia ecjcebfbajtc? âstgs scj< hg egpgebigi eragtbvg y trgjs`crfgicrg iah ncfmra? hg egpgebigi ia gscfmrc, qua eughqubar parscjg tbaja, sbj bfpcrtgr hg pcsbebõj qua ceupa aj hg astrueturg scebgh? hg jgturghazg scebgh iah getc ia ecjcebfbajtc y hg ibfajsbõj nbstõrbeg ia âsta. Ctrgs egrgetaræstbegs iah fâtcic ia @rabra scj su fcvbhbigi y egpgebigi ia bjehusbõj. [cr sar ujg paigdcdæg mgsgig aj hg prçetbeg, âstg astç scfatbig ecjstgjtafajta gh egfmbc, g hg avchuebõj ibjçfbeg ibjçfb eg y ra`crf ra`crfuhgebõ uhgebõj. j. Ub ah ncfmra as uj sar bjgegmgic, bjgegmgic, y asta sar bjgegmg bjgegmgic ic as ah eajtrc y fctcr ia astg paigdcdæg, as cmvbc qua ah fâtcic tajirç qua sadubr su rbtfc ia ibjgfbebigi y iasgrrchhc ecfc ujg ecjstgjta ra`crfuhgebõj. Hg pghgmrg y hg bfgdaj dajargicrg Hgs haeebcjas pgrg hcs giuhtcs sa crdgjbzgmgj g pgrtbr ia hgs pghgmrgs dajargicrgs, pcr  faibc fai bc ia ibgpcs ibgpcsbtb btbvgs, vgs, `ctcdr `ctcdrg`æ g`ægs, gs, ibmulc ibmulcs s c egrtaha egrtahas s qua dajargm dajargmgj gj uj ibçhcd ibçhcdc. c. Aj Mrgsbh pciæg ecfajzgr pcr hg pghgmrg dajargicrg tblchc (hgirbhhc), g pgrtbr ia ujg bfgdaj c `ctcdrg`æg ia uj hgirbhhc. Aj Enbha, ecfajzgmg pcr hg pghgmrg trgmglc, y hg bfgdaj ia ghdubaj trgmglgjic, sadüj ah ajtcrjc, urmgjc c egfpasbjc aj ah qua sa ajecjtrgrg ah drupc ia giuhtcs y hgs axparbajebgs vbvbigs pcr ahhcs. Hcs pgrtbebpgjtas ia hcs eæreuhcs ia euhturg ibghcdgmgj ajtra sæ y ecj qubaj ibrbdæg ah iamgta, scmra hcs ecjtajbics gscebgics g hgs ib`arajtas `bdurgs, y hg rapareusbõj aj su prcpbg prc pbg vbig. vbig. Aj cegsbc cegsbcjas jas,, eugjic eugjic ngmæg ngmæg pcsbmb pcsbmbhbi hbigia gias, s, sa trgmglg trgmglgmg mg ecj pahæeu pahæeuhgs hgs y drgmgebcjas qua sa ecjvartægj aj dajargicrgs ia ibçhcdc.

 

Hg gh`gmatbzgebõj ecfc egfbjc ia hbmargebõj [grg [guhc [grg [guhc @rabra, @rabra, ah prceasc prceasc ia gh`gma gh`gmatbz tbzgeb gebõj õj tbaja tbaja tcics hcs bjdraibajtas jaeasgrbcs pgrg hg hbmargebõj. «... ah gprajibzgla y prc`ujibzgebõj ia hg prcpbg pghgmrg, hg pghgmrg ia gquahhcs qua jc has as parfbtbic axprasgrsa, hg pghgmrg ia hcs cprbfbics qua sõhc g trgvâs ia ahhg puaiaj pua iaj hb hbmarg margrsa rsa y aj`raj aj`rajtgr tgr erætbe erætbegfaj gfajta ta ah prceas prceasc c ibgh ib ghâe âetb tbec ec ia su nbst nbstcr crbz bzge gebõ bõj j (s (sar ar pars parscj cjg g aj hg nbstc nbstcrb rbg)¿ g)¿.. Ah sulatc sulatc,, pguh pguhgtb gtbjg jgfa fajt jta a gpraj gprajia ia g sar  sar  gutcr, tastbdc ia su prcpbg nbstcrbg? ajtcjeas as egpgz ia aserbmbr su prcpbg vbig, ecjsebajta ia su axbstajebg y ia qua as prctgdcjbstg ia hg nbstcrbg. [ciafcs ajtajiar hg gh`gmatbzgebõj ecfc hg ecjqubstg qua ngea ah ncfmra ia su pghgmrg, hc qua ebartgfajta ecjhhavg hg ecjebajebg iah iaraenc ia iaebr hg pghgmrg. @gsas iah fâtcic pgrg hg gh`gmatbzgebõj Aj hg gh`gma gh`gmatbz tbzgeb gebõj õj as jaeasg jaeasgrbc rbc sadubr sadubr ah fâtcic fâtcic getbvc ibghcdgh, erætbec. 7¼ @gsa< Havgjtgfbajtc iah ujbvarsc vcegmu vce gmuhgr hgr (ujbva (ujbvarsc rsc ia hgs pghgmr pghgmrgs gs ngmhgi ngmhgigs gs aj ah faibc fai bc euhtur euhturgh gh iah gh`gma gh`gmatbz tbzgji gjic) c) ia hcs drupcs drupcs ecj hcs eughas sa trgmglg. trgmglg. Ua axtrgaj hcs vcegmhcs ia fçs rbeg rbegs s pcsb pcsbmb mbhb hbig igia ias s `cjâ `cjâtb tbeg egs s y ia fgyc fgycrr egrd egrdg g safçjtbeg, ecj sajtbic axbstajebgh y afcebcjgh. =¼ @gsa< Ahaeebõj ia hgs pghgmrgs sahaeebcjgigs iah ujbvarsc vcegmuhgr bjvastbdgic. 5¼ @gsa< Eragebõj ia sbtugebcjas axbstajebghas tæpbegs iah drupc ecj ah qua sa vg g trgmglgr. Hgs pghgmrgs utbhbzgigs gigs raebmaj ah jcfmra ia dajargicrgs, yg qua g trgvâs ia hg ecfmbjgebõj ia sus su s ah ahaf afaj ajtcs tcs mçsb mçsbec ecs s prcpb prcpbeb ebgj gj hg `c `crfg rfgeb ebõj õj ia ctrgs. G pgrtbr ia asgs pghgmrgs sa ecj`bdurgj hgs sbtugebcjas axbstajebghas. 9¼ @gsa< Ahgmcrgebõj ia duægs (@haxbm (@haxbmhas) has) qua qua guxbhbaj guxbhbaj g hcs eccribjgicras ia iamgta aj su trgmglc. 1¼ @gsa< @gsa< Iasecf Iasecfpcs pcsbeb bebõj õj ia hgs `gfbhbg `gfbhbgs s `cjâtb `cjâtbegs egs ecrraspcjibajtas g hcs vcegmhcs dajargicras. Ua phgsfgj hgs sbtugebcjas aj hçfbjgs, ibgpcsbtbvgs c pr prcy cyaee aeebc bcja jas s qua, qua, ia hg axpa axparb rbaj ajeb ebg g vbvb vbvbig ig pcr pcr ah gh`gmatbzgjic, pgsgj gh fujic ia hcs cmlatcs. Ia ujc aj ujc, ujc, ecj hcs hgs aiuegj aiupcsbmhas egjics ics vgj tcics tcics ngebaj ngebajic pghgmrgs juavgs ecfmbjgebcjas g ic su ibspcsbebõj. Asta prceasc vg eragjic ecjcebfbajtcs ia pghgmrgs qua ajrbquaea hg pcsbmbhbigi ia iaebrsa ibebajic su fujic.

 

 

]asufaj< [rcpuastg paigdõdbeg Uu tacræg paigdõdbeg mgsgig aj hg ecfujbegebõj y ah ibçhcdc ncrbzcjtgh ecj ‘ghdubaj‖ c scmra ‘ghdc‖ aj uj fcfajtc iatarfbjgic. [rbjebpbcs psbechõdbecs Hg gh`gmatbzgebõj `rabragjg, gh iasgrrchhgr hg egpgebigi erætbec-ra`haxbvg iah ncfmra, aj uj prceasc aiuegtbvc qua iurg tcig hg vbig iah sulatc, hc gyuig g hbmargrsa ia hg fgjbpuhgebõj g trgvâs ia rabjvajtgr su prcpbg prçetbeg. Hg paigdcdæg `rabragjg museg hg ecjaetbvbigi. Hcs jb÷cs ecjaetbvcs ajtrahgzgics aj prcmhafgs ecfujas y hcs prc`ascras ecjaetbvcs ecjstbtuyajic ujg rai ia ajsa÷gjzg-gprajibzgla. [rbjebpbcs gxbchõdbecs Aspargjzg y schbigrbigi. Egrgetaræstbegs y/c `ujebcjas iah iceajta Hg geebõj ectbibgjg iah aiuegicr jc puaia ibspajsgrsa ah usc ia sc`bstbegics ahafajtcs ia ecfujbegebõj. Hgs ecfpatajebgs iah aiuegicr scj hgs ia haeturg y aserbturg, parc tgfmbâj ah sgmar eõfc aj`rajtgr hcs naencs ectbibgjcs, ecjlujtçjichcs g trgvâs ia hg ecfujbegebõj nufgjg, sag âstg pcr faibc ia hg aserbturg c ia raias tahafçtbegs. Ah aiuegicr ia hg aseuahg pümhbeg sa fuava, egig vaz fçs, aj aspgebcs gfphb`begics ia aiuegebõj, aiuegeb õj, gsufa trgmgl trgmglcs cs ecj drupcs ibvarsc ibvarscs, s, sa crdgjb crdgjbzg zg ecfc trgmglgicr, trgmglgicr, fgjalg fgjalg füht fühtbphas bphas hajduglas (pgsgjic iah fgtarjc gh guibcvbsugh a bj`crfçtbec). Hg hgmcr iah aiuegicr as hg ia prcmhafgtbzgr g hcs aiuegjics y gh ecjtajbic qua hcs faibgtbzg, jc as su tgrag ibsartgr scmra asa ecjcebfbajtc c ajtradgrhc ecfc ghdc ahgmcrgic, gegmgic. Egrgetaræstbegs y/c `ujebcjas iah ghufjc [guhc @rabra sa ceupõ ia hcs ncfmras y fularas «jc hatrgics¿, ia gquahhcs hhgfgics «hcs iasgrrgpgics iah fujic¿, ia gquahhcs qua jc pciægj ecjstrubrsa uj fujic ia sbdjcs aserbtcs y gmrbrsa ctrcs fujics, ajtra ahhcs, ah fujic iah ecjcebfbajtc (sbstafgtbzgic) y ah fujic ia hg ecjebajebg (erætbeg). Egrge Egrgetaræstbe taræstbegs gs y/c `ujebcjas `ujebc jas ia hg aseuahg aseuah g Hg ai aiue uegeb gebõj õj as uj ibçhcd ibçhcdc c qu qua a jc pu puai aia a jb iama igrs igrsa a aj ah vg vgeæ eæc, c, sb sbjc jc aj sbtu sbtuge gebc bcja jass ecjeratgs ia criaj scebgh, aecjõfbec y pchætbec. @ujebõjghscebgh ia hghgaiuegebõj @rabra, ajtajiar aiuegebõj ecfc uj getc pchætbec, `ua ehgrc gjta ah usc ia hg bj`crfçtbeg aj hg aseuahg y hgs ecfpatajebgs iah prc`ascr. Hg aiuegebõj iama sar hbmargicrg y fcstrgr ah egfmbc gh iasgrrch iasgrrchhc hc ia ujg tcfg ia ecjebajebg y getbtui erætbeg iah ncfmra y su faibc, puas sõhc drgebgs g astc, ah ncfmra pcirç asecdar y iaebibr  pcrr sæ sõhc pc sõhc?? sõhc sõhc g tr trgv gvâs âs ia asta asta egfb egfbjc jc surd surdbr brç ç uj nc ncfm fmra ra phaj phajgf gfaj ajta ta ecjs ecjseb ebaj ajta ta,, ecfprcfatbic y ibspuastc g bjtarvajbr aj su raghbigi pgrg egfmbgrhg. ]asufaj prbjebpghas pghas ]asufa j c biags prbjeb [guhc @rabra `ua ujc ia hcs prbfarcs aiuegicras qua ajtajibõ qua hg aiuegebõj sa raghbzg aj ctrcs hudgras giafçs ia hg aseuahg. [cr asc, aj su prcpuastg ia gh`gmatbzgebõj, haeturg y aserbturg, hcs hudgras pümhbecs gfphb`begics ia aiuegebõj, scj aspgebcs `ujigfajtghas pgrg trgmglgr hg ecjebajtbzgebõj ebuigigjg.  Ghartg g hcssbjc, aiuegicras aj ah sajtbic ia jchcsghalgrsa iaha sumsbstafg gjta ib`beuhtgias pcr ah ecjtrgrbc, gprcvaengr aspgebcs bjstrufajtcsaiuegtbvc gvgjzgics ia hgs su tbafpc pgrg hhgfgr hg gtajebõj raspaetc ia astgs euastbcjas. Hg tacræg tacræg `ra `rabrag bragjg jg erbtbeg erbtbeg `ua `uarta rtafaj fajta ta ah usc ia ecfput ecfputgic gicrgs. rgs. Ua erb erbtbe tbeg g hg prcd prcdrgf rgfgeb gebõj õj ibraeebcjgig ―hc qua bfphbeg ujg iatarfbjgig tacræg ia gprajibzgla―, y jc hc qua ahhgs pcirægj parfbtbr sb `uargj bjecrpcrgigs ia fgjarg erætbeg.

 

 G pasgr ia hgs fçs ia ebjec iâegigs aj hgs eughas vbarcj hg huz sus cmrgs fçs `ujigfajtghas< ‘Hg aiuegebõj ecfc prçetbeg ia hg hbmartgi‖ y ‘[aigdcdæg iah cprbfbic‖, hg prcpuastg pchætbec paigdõdbeg iah aiuegicr mrgsbha÷c [guhc @rabra sbdua vbdajta, fgregic prc`ujigfajta pcr hg biachcdæg fgrxbstg, pcstuhg g hg aiuegebõj, g hg gh`gmatbzgebõj y hg haeturg iah fujic ecfc narrgfbajtgs ia hueng aj ecjtrg ia hcs cprascras, ia hcs qua nufbhhgj, ia hcs qua cmhbdgj g hcs iasprctadbics g vbvbr aj ah sbhajebc, sbhajebgics. Hg aiuegebõj, ecfc prceasc ia hbmargebõj parfgjajta iah ncfmra, iama vbvbrsa ecj ecnarajebg y vghajtæg, vghajt æg, ecfc getc ia ramahiæg, sa iama gsufbr uj ecfprcfbsc g pgrtbr ia hg fbhbtgjebg fbhbtgjebg pchætbeg, jc astç parfbtbig hg `ghsg jautrghbigi qua sa ecjvbarta aj sbhajebc eõfphbea ia hgs ecjibebcjas iah cprbfb cpr bfbic, ic, jc astç astç par parfbt fbtbig big hg `ghsg `ghsg daj dajarcs arcsbigi bigi qua gmc gmcjg jg pcr parp parpatu atugr gr hgs ecji ecjibeb bebcja cjass axbstajtas iah cprascr ecfc ehgsa icfbjgjta, hg hbmargebõj ia hcs ncfmras as uj getc vbchajtc qua axbda nufbhigi y gfcr g hg vbig, as gsufbr hg vbig ecfc prcyaetc y jc ecfc aspaetçeuhc, as iaebr hg prcpbg pghgmrg qua prcmhafgtbzg y trgjs`crfg gh fujic.

]a`arajebgs< nttps