Pathophysiology of Colon Cancer (1)

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY The study of the changes of normal mechanical, physiological, and biochemical functions, either caused by a disease, or resulting from an abnormal syndrome. Non – modifiable factors:

Modifiable factors:

-

Age

-

Nutrition

-

Heredity

-

Stress

-

Environment

-

Bowel Habits

-

Previous colon disease

Excess fat converts normal flora of the intestines overtime

Stress stimulates parasympathetic function: Secretion of enzyme proteinase

Fecal matter retention due to infrequent defacation

Irritating intestinal lining

Polymorphic leukocytes causes abcessing

Inflammation

Excess fat converts normal flora of the intestines overtime

Widens inflammation and necrosis

Repeating process overtime causes dysplasia then genetic mutation of cellular DNA (CANCER)

Ulcerating lesion

Signs/Symptoms: -

Growth of tumor in the colon

-

Constipation

-

Pain

Repeating process overtime causes dysplasia then genetic mutation of cellular DNA

Cancer cells lodge onto lesions, invade then hide on blood components to avoid immune detection

Cancer cells destroys surrounding tissues; gains access to lymphatic vessels

Metastasis to liver

Signs/Symptoms: -

Elevated ALT and AST

-

Yellow skin

Repeating process overtime causes dysplasia then genetic mutation of cellular DNA

Immune system fails to recognize foreign bodies

Infectious agent enters the nasopharynx, to the trachea, down to the bronchi and lungs

Inflammatory response will trigger

Produces secretions and mucous edema

Bronchospasm Decreased alveolar oxygen tension

Signs/Symptoms:

Altered ventilation

-

Thick clear sputum

-

Cough

-

Difficulty of breathing

Arterial hypoxemia