PathoPhysiology of Cervical Cancer

Pathophysiology of Cervical Cancer High risk HPV (16, 18, 31)

Invasion of the basal cell of the squamous epithelium of the cervix

Risk factors: Early age of coitus Multiple sexual partners Unsafe sexual practices

Integration of viral DNA p53 and pRB tumor suppressor genes are blocked/deactivated

Barrel-shaped cervix

Mutation and cell proliferation Cocarcinogens

CIN/SIL Carcinoma in situ

Metastasis to distant body parts

Tumor fills the entire cervix

Invasive cancer

Tissue necrosis and sloughing

Increased tumor growth Lymph invasion Hypermetabolic activity of cell proliferation and increased tumor growth needs

Anorexia Weight loss

Increased pressure to the surrounding tissues, nerves and bladder

Pelvic and back pain

Dysuria

Hydronephrosi s

Fistula formation

Hemorrhage

Infection

Enlargement of lymph nodes

Venous and Ureteral obstruction

Leg edema

Leakage of urine and feces into the vagina

Metrorrhag ia Bleeding after coitus anemia

Foulsmelling vaginal discharge