Pathoma Errata

Page Section

Line

Comment

7

I.E.2.ii.

TYPO – Should read “GSSG and H2O”

16

III.A.1.

43

III.D.

77

IV.C.

81

VI.C.1

GSSH and H20 Naïve B-cells cannot mature to plasma cells EPO is useful in a subset of patients, especially those with cancer Asymptomatic at birth with holosystolic ‘machine-like-murmur’ Click and murmur become louder…

85

I.A.

Adenovirus is the most common cause Screening for colorectal carcinoma occurs via endoscopy Urobilinogen is also partially resorbed… When spread to regional lymph nodes occurs… Congenital extension of cerebellar…

CORRECTION – Rhinovirus is the most common cause.

Serum creatinine kinase …phagocytosis is enhanced by opsonins (IgG and C3a) Symptoms of skin bleeding include petechiae, ecchymoses (> 3mm), purpura (> 1 cm)… Aminolevulinic acid dehydrogenase (ALAD) converts ALA to porphobilinogen

TYPO – Should read “serum creatine kinase”

113 XI. C. 118 I.D.7. 139 V.D. 178 IV.A. 198 III.C.1.ii. 13

IV.E.1

31

II. B. 2.

43

IV. B. 2.

49

I. B

Intravascular hemolysis occurs episodically, often at night during sleep

74

G. 3.

Nitrates – vasodilate coronary arteries

96

Table 9.5, Squamous cell carcinoma (under characteristic histology)

Kertain pearls or intracellular bridges

CORRECTION – Pre and Pro B-cells cannot mature (to naïve B-cell)

UPDATE – EPO is useful in patients with cancer. However, EPO has more recently become contraindicate its growth effects on cancerous cells. CORRECTION – Murmur is continuous (throughout systole and diastole). CORRECTION – Click and murmur become softer with squatting.

CORRECTION – Screening occurs via colonoscopy (not endoscopy).

CLARIFICATION – Urobilinogen is colorless. However, it is oxidized to urobilin, which gives urine its yellow CORRECTION – Cancer from the lower 1/3 of vagina goes to inguinal nodes, and cancer from upper 2/3 regional iliac nodes. CORRECTION – Congenital extension of cerebellarvermis and tonsils through the foramen magnum.

CORRECTION – C3b (and not C3a) is the opsonin. Should read “(IgG and C3b)”

CORRECTION – Ecchymoses are >1cm and purpura are > 3mm. Should read “…include petechiae, purp (>3mm), and ecchymoses (>1cm)” TYPO – The enzyme is ALA dehydratase (not dehydrogenase).

CLARIFICATION – More recent studies show that hemolysis occurs throughout the day. Hence, the color (hemoglobinuria) seen in the first void upon awakening is mostly due to urine production and concentratio hemoglobin overnight (as opposed to hemolysis occurring mostly at night). Of note, my explanation in the remains partly true and is an excellent way to remember the pathophysiology of this disorder. CLARIFICATION – Nitrates do result in coronary artery vasodilation. However, a more significant effect is vasodilation of veins. This results in decreased venous return to the heart, which in turn, decreases preloa hence, stress on the myocardium. TYPO – “intracellular” should read “intercellular”

105 VI. B. 3. 128 V. A. 199 Fig. 18.9

May rupture leading to bleeding from the gastroduodenal artery (anterior ulcer) or acute pancreatitis (posterior ulcer) Thick glomerular basement membranes on H&E, often with ‘tram-track’ appearance Gout. A, Tophi. B, Postive birefringence.

CORRECTION – The gastroduodenal artery lies posterior to the duodenum. Hence, rupture of a posterior anterior) ulcer would lead to bleeding from the GDA. Should read “…gastroduodenal artery (posterior ulce acute pancreatitis (posterior ulcer).”

CLARIFICATION – ‘Tram-track’ appearance can be seen in both type I and type II MPGN. However, it is m commonly seen with type I (USMLE examiners do ask about this!).

CORRECTION – The crystals in gout exhibit negative birefringence (and not, positive birefringence). This correct in the text, but needs to be corrected in the image caption.

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