Pathology

Pathology Study online at quizlet.com/_c7nmc 82.

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Arise when constant strain, stress, and malocclusion of the jaw lead to arthritis, inflammation, and dislocation of the temperomandibular joint.

Tenosynovitis

Arise when constant strain, stress, and malocclusion of the jaw lead to arthritis, inflammation, and dislocation of the temperomandibular joint.

Temporomandibular Joint Disorders

Arthritis is joint inflammation caused by infection inside the joint capsule.

Septic Arthritis

Autoimmune disease in which antibodies attack various types of connective tissue throughout the body.

Lupus

Autoimmune disease in which synovial membranes, particularly of the joints in the hands and feet, are at- tacked by immune system agents. Other structures, such as muscles, tendons, and blood vessels, may also be affected.

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Autoimmune disorder in which the acetylcholine receptors at neuromuscular junctions of skeletal muscles are damaged. This limits the strength of nerve transmissions and causes the muscles to become weak.

Myasthenia's Gravis

Bacterial (staphylococcus or streptococcus) infection of the skin.

Impetigo

Bacterial infection of female reproductive organs. It starts at the cervix and can move up to infect the uterus, fallopian (uterine) tubes, ovaries, and entire pelvic cavity.

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Bacterial infection that usually begins in the lungs, but may spread to bones, kidneys, lymph nodes, or elsewhere in the body. It is a highly contagious airborne disease.

Tuberculosis

Benign, fluid-filled growths on the ovaries.

Ovarian Cysts

Bone disorder in which healthy bone is rapidly reabsorbed and replaced with fibrous connective tissue.

Paget's Disease

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Bony deposit in soft tissues. It usually follows trauma that involves significant leakage of blood between fascial sheaths.

Myositis Ossificans

Causes pain following soft tissue or bone injury not to follow a normal course. Instead, it continues after the healing process is complete, for no known reason.

Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy

Chronic condition without a known cause. It involves general fibrosis and vascular abnormalities. It can be a mild, lifelong condition, or may be severe enough to cause death within a few months.

Scleroderma

Chronic condition without a known cause. It involves general fibrosis and vascular abnormalities. It can be a mild, lifelong condition, or may be severe enough to cause death within a few months.

Seizure Disorders

Chronic inflammation of the bladder, involving scar tissue, stiffening, decreased capacity, bleeding, and sometimes ulcers in the bladder walls.

Interstitial Cystitis

Collection of signs and symptoms brought about by occlusion of nerve and blood supply to the arm.

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

Collection of signs and symptoms that indicate an ongoing immune response. The original stimulus of the response may be an identifiable pathogen, or it may simply be a dysfunction of the immune System.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Condition in which the alveoli of the lungs become fibrous and inelastic. They merge with each other, decreasing surface area, and limiting oxygen - carbon dioxyde exchange.

COPD/Emphysema

Condition in which the arteries become partially or completely occluded due to atherosclerotic plaques.

Atherosclerosis

Condition in which the inner layer of the colon becomes inflamed and develops ulcers.

Ulcerative Colitis

Condition that involves chronic muscle pain, trigger points, tender points, and non restorative sleep.

Fibromyalgia

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Crystallized formations of cholesterol or bile pigments in the _____. They can be as small as grains of sand or as large as a golf ball.

Gallstones

Damage to brain tissue caused by either a clot lodged to block blood flow to brain tissue or an internal hemorrhage.

Stroke

Damage to the myocardium caused by a clot or plaque fragment getting lodged somewhere in a coronary artery, or atherosclerosis so complete that it deprives the cardiac muscle of oxygen.

Heart Attack

Deep bruise (leakage of blood) between muscle sheaths.

Hematoma

Defined by episodes of vasospasm of the arterioles, usually in fingers and toes, but occasionally in the nose, ears, lips, and tongue.

Raynaud's Syndrome

Degenerative disease of the substantia nigra cells in the brain. These cells produce the neurotransmitter dopamine, which helps the basal ganglia to maintain balance, posture, and coordination.

Parkinson's Disease

Delicate dilation or out pouching in an artery, usually part of the aorta or at the base of the brain.

Aneurysm

Deposit of crystalline substances in-side the kidney or the ureters.

Kidney Stones

Development of small pouches that protrude from the colon. ___________ is the inflammation of these pouches when they become infected.

Diverticulosis

Disease caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus, which attacks and disables the immune system, leaving a person vulnerable to a host of diseases that are not a threat to uninfected people.

HIV/AIDS

Disease of the nervous system brought about by autoimmune dysfunction, certain types of infections or vaccinations, Hodgkin's lymphoma, surgery, or exposure to some drugs.

Guillain Barre Syndrome

Distended veins, usually in the legs, caused by valve incompetence and a backup of blood returning to the heart.

Varicose Veins

Flaccid paralysis of one side of the face caused by inflammation or damage to cranial nerve VII.

Bell's Palsy

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Fluid-filled sack that acts as a protective cushion at points of recurring pressure, eases the movement of tendons and ligaments moving over bones, and cushions points of contact between bones.

Bursitis

Genetic disorder in which certain clotting factors in the blood are either inactive or missing altogether.

Hemophilia

Genetic disorder that can affect the musculoskeletal system, the circulatory system, and the eyes.

Marfan's Syndrome

Group of metabolic disorders characterized by glucose intolerance or deficiency and disturbances in carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism.

Diabetes Mellitus

Group of signs and symptoms of central nervous system damage that occurs prenatal or in early infancy.

Cerebral Palsy

Group of signs and symptoms that precede a woman's menstrual period. They may be severe enough to interfere with normal activities.

Premenstrual Syndrome

Growth of malignant cells into tumors that invade tissues and spread throughout the body.

Cancer

Hole or rip in the abdominal wall or the inguinal ring through which the small intestines may protrude. A hiatal hernia forms where the diaphragm opens to allow the esophagus to pass; when this hole becomes wider, the stomach protrudes upwardly.

Hernia

Idiopathic disease that involves the destruction of myelin sheaths around both motor and sensory neurons in the CNS.

Multiple Sclerosis

Idiopathic inflammatory condition, usually of the small intestine and sometimes of the large intestine. It is slowly progressive, involving isolated lengths of intestine, with normal areas remaining in between damaged tissue.

Crohn's Disease

Idiopathic shrinking and thickening of the fascia an the palm of the hand.

Dupuytren's Contracture

Infection in the lungs brought about by bacteria, viruses, or other pathogens.

Pneumonia

Infection of lymph capillaries. If it proceeds to the nodes, it is called lymphadenitis. If it travels past the lymphatic system, it is called blood poisoning (septicemia), and it can be life threatening.

Lymphangitis

Infection of several body systems, brought about by exposure to the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. It is transmitted by deer ticks.

Lyme Disease

Infection of the kidney and/or renal pelvis.

Pyelonephritis

Infection of the meninges, specifically the pia mater and the arachnoid layers.

Meningitis

Infection of the urinary tract, usually by bacteria that live normally and harmlessly in the digestive tract.

Urinary Tract Infection

Inflammation of a nerve. It is usually a symptom or complication of some other problem.

Neuritis

Inflammation of the brain usually brought about by a viral infection.

Encephalitis

Inflammation of the liver, usually due to viral infection.

Hepatitis

Inflammation of the sciatic nerve. The source of irritation may be inside or outside the spinal canal.

Sciatica

Inflammation of the vermiform appendix, often due to infection, but sometimes related to physical obstruction, as well as pathogens.

Appendicitis

Inflammation; usually due to bacterial infection, of the peritoneal lining of the abdomen.

Peritonitis

Inflammations of veins due to blood clots.

Thrombophlebitis or Deep Vein Thrombosis

Inflammatory arthritis caused by deposits of sodium urate (uric acid) in and around joints, especially in the feet.

Gout

Inflammatory skin reaction to an allergen or emotional stressor.

Hives

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Injured ligaments.

Sprains

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Injured muscles.

Strains

Involuntary twitching, usually due to essential tremor, Huntington's disease, or Parkinson's disease.

Chorea

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Irritation of the median nerve as it passes under the transverse carpal ligament into the wrist. It has several different causes.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Joint inflammation brought about by wear and tear causing cumulative damage to articular cartilage.

osteoarthritis

Large group of inherited conditions involves abnormally fragile bones, which may break with mini-mal trauma.

Osteogenesis Imperfection

Layers of connective tissue surrounding and isolating something that shouldn't be in the body, e.g., a piece of shrapnel or a localized infection.

Cysts

Local staphylococcus infections similar to acne, but they are not related to adolescence or liver dysfunction.

Boils

Loss of bone mass and density brought about by endocrine disorders and poor metabolism of calcium.

Osteoporosis

Lower leg problems involving some combination of an injury to the anterior or posterior tibialis and possible hairline fractures of the tibia. They are usually brought about by overuse or misalignment in the ankle.

Shin Splits

Noncontagious, non spreading chronic skin disease with occasional acute episodes.

Psoriasis

Normal liver cells are replaced with scar tissue.

Cirrhosis

Osteoarthritis of the spine.

Spondylosis

Pain along the trigeminal nerve, usually in the lower face and jaw.

Trigneminal Neuralgia

Permanently shortened muscles or muscle groups that are surrounded by thick, contracted fascia.

Contractures

Progressive arthritis of the spine.

Ankylosing Spondylitis

Progressive degenerative disease of the brain leading to deterioration and dementia.

Alzheimer's Disease

Progressive disease that begins in the central nervous system. It involves the degeneration of motor neurons and the subsequent atrophy of voluntary muscle.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

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Reaction to the secretion of too much thyroid hormone, which regulates metabolism.

Hyperthyroidism

Result of spasmodic constriction of bronchial smooth muscle tubes in combination with excess mucus production and mucosal edema.

Asthma

Retention of interstitial fluid either because of electrolyte or protein imbalances or because of mechanical obstruction in the circulatory or lymphatic systems.

Edema

Situation in which some or all of the fibers in the spinal cord have been damaged, usually by trauma but occasionally from other problems such as tumors or bony growths in the spinal canal.

Spinal Cord Injury

Slow-growing lymphoma that typically begins in the lymph nodes of the neck, axilla, or inguinal areas, but may spread to attack internal organs.

Hodgkin's Disease

Small fluid-filled connective tissue sacks that are attached to tendons, tendinous sheaths, ligaments, or periosteum.

Ganglion Cysts

Sores that, for various reasons, don't experience a normal healing process, but instead, remain open and vulnerable to infection.

Ulcers

Stationary clots; emboli are clots that travel through the circulatory system. Emboli are usually composed of blood, but may also be fragments of plaque, fat globules, air bubbles, tumors, or bone chips.

Embolism

Symptom of liver dysfunction, involving the presence of excess bilirubin in the blood, which is then dissolved in subcutaneous fat, mucous membranes, and the sclera of the eyes.

Jaundice

Symptom rather than a disease in itself. It indicates a shortage of red blood cells or hemoglobin or both.

Anemia

Technical term for high blood pressure.

Hypertension

Ulcers caused by impaired circulation to the skin. Lack of blood supply leads to irreplaceable tissue death.

Decubitus Ulcers

Unilateral spasm of neck muscles. The spasm may be related to a variety of causes.

Torticollis

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Viral infection of sensory neurons from the same Virus that causes chicken pox.

Herpes Zoster

Viral infection, first of the intestines, and then (for about 1% of exposed people) the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord.

Polio