Pathognomonic Signs of Diseases

EMILIO AGUINALDO COLLEGE – CAVITE School of Nursing and Midwifery Fritz Ian Estrella Floresca, BSN, RN

PATHOGNOMONIC SIGNS OF DISEASES Pathognomonic is a term, often used in medicine that means characteristic for a particular disease Pathognomonic

-the word pathognomonic comes from the Greek “pathognomonikos” meaning “skilled in judging diseases” Signs are particular sign whose presence means that a particular disease is present beyond any

doubt

Diseases Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Abruption Placenta Acute Myeloid Leukemia Acute Renal Failure Addison's disease Amoebiasis Angina pectoris Appendicitis Arthritis Ascariasis Asthma Atrial Septal Defect Autism Bacterial Vaginosis Basilar Fracture Breech Birth Buerger’s Disease (Thromboangitis Obliterans) Bulimia Nervosa Candidiasis Carbon monoxide poisoning Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Cataract Celiac Disease Chicken Pox Cholecystitis Cholera Chronic hemorrhagic pancreatitis Cushing’s Syndrome CVA Cystocele and Rectocele Cytomegalovirus infection

Signs Pulsating abdominal mass Painful bleeding, board-like abdomen Auer rod Azotemia, uremic frost on skin Bronze-like skin pigmentation Mucoid, foul explosive blood tinged stool Levine's sign (hand clutching of chest) Rebound tenderness (McBurney’s point) Rovsing Sign (Right Left Quadrant pain with palpation in Left lower quadrant) Buotonniere deformity, swan neck deformity, ulnar drift, Bouchard’s nodes Vomiting, passing out of worms Wheezing on expirations Murmur heard high on chest Rocking, spinning, routines Grayish, white discharge, malodorous Raccoon’s eye Meconium staining Intermittent claudication Chipmunk facies (parotid gland swelling) Cheeselike discharge Cherry pink flushed face, carbon in the secretions, non productive cough Jack Hammer Syndrome (Tinel’s sign) Blurry vision/hazy vision, cloudy vision Gluten sensitivity, watery, pale foul-smelling stool Vesiculopapular rash Murphy's sign (pain on deep inspiration when inflamed gallbladder is palpated) Rice-watery stool Washer’s woman hands Grey-Turner's sign (ecchymosis in flank area) Moon face Buffalo Hump Homonymous Hemianopsia Feeling of fullness at vagina Owl’s eye appearance of inclusion bodies

Diseases Dengue Detached Retina Diabetes Ketoacidosis Diabetes Mellitus Diphtheria Down Syndrome Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy Emphysema Encephalitis Enterobiasis Failure to Thrive (FTT) GERD Glaucoma Gonorrhea Gouty Arthritis Guillain-Barre Hemophilia Henoch-Schönlein purpura Hepatic Disease Herpes Zoster Hirschprung’s disease (Megacolon) H-mole Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Hyperthyroidism Hypocalcemia Increased IOP Intestinal Obstruction Intussusceptions Irritable Bowel Syndrome Kawasaki Disease Kleibsiella Pneumonia Klinefelter’s Syndrome Leprosy Leptospirosis Liver cirrhosis Lyme’s disease Malaria Measles Meniere’s disease Meningitis Meningococcemia Monillasis

Signs Herman’s sign Flashes of light, shadow with curtain across the vision Acetone breath 3P’s (polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria) Pseudomembrane on tonsils, pharynx and nasal cavity Protruding tongue, saddle nose, brushfield’s spots, single crease on palm Gowers' sign Barrel chest Decorticate and decerebate rigidity Nocturnal itchiness Radar gaze Barret esophagus, heartburn Tunnel vision Burning sensation upon urination Formation of tophi at the earlobe usually the big toe Ascending paralysis Hemarthoses A tetrade of rash, arthralgia, abdominal pain and kidney disease in a child Asterixis, jaundice Regional painful rash Ribbon-like, foul smelling stool Grapelike growth, large abdomen Hodgkin and Reed-Sternburg cells (giant monoand multinucleated cells) Exophthalmos Trousseau sign and Chvostek sign Doll’s eye No passage of meconium Sausage shaped mass, dance sign, currant jellylike stool Typical triad: abdominal pain with tenderness on palpation, altered bowel habits, absence of detectable disease Strawberry tongue Red gelatinous sputum XXY in males Leonine facies (thickened lion-like facial skin) Nerve involvement with acid fast bacilli Orange eyes Spider angioma Bull eye’s rash Cycle of hot stage (high fever) followed by diaphoretic stage (sweating) and then cold stage (chilling) Koplik's spots Vertigo Kernig's sign and Brudzinski's sign Purple petechiae White “cheesy” discharge

Diseases Multiple Sclerosis

Signs Descending weakness, Charcot’s sign (intention tremor, nystagmus, scanning speech) Swollen parotid gland Ptosis (inability to open upper eyelids), nasal smile Levine’s sign Plexiform neurofibroma White patches on tongue Kyphosis Cullen's sign (bluish discoloration of umbilicus) Pill-rolling tremors Machine-like murmur Pericardial friction rub Red beefy tongue Paroxysmal cough ending with a whoop Violent cough without intervening inhalation followed by an inspiratory whoop Nikolsky sign Blue eyes Painless bright red bleeding Stony dull percussion Rusty colored sputum Poker’s sign, Haynes sign Hydrophobia/photophobia Cat’s eye reflex Aschoff nodules Rose colored macules Weeping itch Raspberry tongue Painful episodes or vaso-occlusive crisis Butterfly rash Risus sardonicus, lockjaw 3c’s= coughing, choking, cyanosis Malodorous, thin yellow discharge Karyotype in females, webbed neck, gonadal dysgenesis Rose spots in abdomen Oculo-masticatory myorhythmia

Mumps Myasthenia Gravis (MG) Myocardial Infarction Neurofibromatosis Oral Thrush Osteoporosis Pancreatitis Parkinson’s disease Patent ductus arteriosus Pericarditis Pernicious anemia Pertusis Pertusis Phemphigus Vulgaris Phenylketonuria Placenta previa Pleural effusion Pneumonia Poliomyelitis Rabies Retinoblastoma Rheumatic fever Rock Mountain Spotted Fever Scabies Scarlet fever Sickle cell anemia Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Tetanus Tracheoesophageal fistula Trichominiasis Turner’s Syndrome Typhoid fever Whipple’s disease

Pathognomonic signs of Communicable Diseases 1. COPD 2. Pneumonia 3. Pernicious Anemia 4. Kawasaki Dse 5. Malaria 6. Typhoid 7. Tetany -

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Barrel-Chested Greenish Rusty Sputum Beefy Red Tongue (Schilling’s Test) Strawberry Tongue Stepladder Fever Rose Spot Chvostek Sign (Muscle Twitching Face)

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Trosseau’s Sign (Jerky Movements) 8. Pancreatitis Cullen’s Sign (Bluish discoloration periumbilical area) 9. Appendicitis McBurney’s Point (rebound tenderness) Rovsing Sign (RLQ pain w/ palpation in LLQ) Psoas Sign(pain on lying down putting pressure on MB pt) 10. Thrombophlebitis Homan’s Sign 11. Hepatitis Icteric Sclerae (yellowish discoloration of sclera) 12. Meningitis Burdzinski’s Sign (Pain on nape) Kernig’s Sign (pain on leg/ knee area) 13. Pyloric Stenosis Olive-Shaped Mass 14. Hyperthyroidism Exopthalmos 15. Addison’s Dse. Bronze-like skin 16. Cushing SyndromeBuffalo Hump 17. Cholera Rice Watery Stool 18. SLE Butterfly Rashes 19. Leprosy Leonine Facie (contracted face) 20. Bulimia Nervosa Chipmunk Face 21. Liver Cirrhosis Spider Angioma 22. Asthma Wheezing Inspiration 23. Hyperpituitarism CAROTENEMIA (Discoloration of skin) XANTHAMIA 24. Down SyndromeSingle Crease on Palm/Simean crease 25.TOF Clubbing of Fingernails Ventricular Septal Defect Pulmonary Stenosis Overriding of Aorta Right Ventricular Hypertrophy 26. Cataract Blurry Vision / Hazy Vision / cloudy Vision 27. Glucoma Tunnel-like Vision 28. PTB Low grade fever in afternoon 29. Cholecystitis Murphy’s Sign (pain RUQ) 30. Myasthemia Gravis (MG) – Ptosis (inability to open upper eyelids) 31. Dengue Petechiae / (+) tourniquet test 32. Parkinson’s Dse. Pill Rolling Tremors 33. MI Levine’s Sign (Clutching of the chest) 34. Measles Koplik’s Spot