Passages

‫قطعة الفهم‬ ‫‪Comprehension‬‬

‫يعتبر سؤال قطعة الفهم فى المتحان من أكثر السئله أهميه وذلك بسبب الدرجه‬ ‫الكبيره المخصصه ‪.‬‬

‫ولكى تجيب على هذا السؤال وتستطيع أان تحصل على الدرجات منه لابد أان تتبع الآاتى‪:‬‬

‫‪ -01‬قراءة السئله أول قبل قراءة القطعه نفسها وحاول أن تخزن فى ذهنك ماذا تطلب هذه‬ ‫السئله من معلومات بقدر المكا ن‬

‫‪ -2‬قراءة القطعه كلها لكى تأخذ عنها فكره عا مه وتعرف الموضوع الذى تدور حوله‬ ‫هذه القطعه‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -3‬قراءة القطعه مره ثانيه لكى تفهمها فهما تا‬

‫ما‪.‬‬

‫‪ -4‬اذا قابلتك كلمه لتعرف ترجمتها حاول أن تخمن معناها من السياق العا م‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -5‬ليس فرض أو شرط عليك أن تعرف جميع مفردات القطعه‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -6‬لبد أن تكون اجابتك نموذجيه أى تجنب اضافة الجمل الزياده التى ليس لها صله‬ ‫بالجابة‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -7‬ليد أن تكون اجابتك كامله من حيث التكوين‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -8‬توفير ‪ 40‬دقيقه على القل لحل هذا السؤال ويفضل أن تكون آخر ‪ 40‬دقيقه فى‬ ‫المتحان‪.‬‬ ‫كيف يمكن ان‬ ‫ان المشكله الكبرى التى تواجه الطلبه عند الجابه على أمثلة قطعة الفهم ‪ Comprehension‬والتى‬ ‫تجعلهم يعجزون عن فهم معناها وبالتالى ليستطيعون اجابة الئسئله الموضوعه عليها هو عدم معرفتهم‬ ‫لمعانى الكثير من الكلمات التى وردت فى القطعه‪ ،‬اما لنها لم تصادفهم من قبل‪ ،‬واما لنها مستعمله‬ ‫ائستعمال جديدا عليهم‪ .‬وتعترضهم نفس المشكله فى قطعة الترجمه الى اللغه العربيه‪ .‬ويمكن للطالب أان‬ ‫يستنتج معنى كلمه لايعرف معناها اذا أاتبع الطرق الآاتيه‪:‬‬ ‫الطريقة الأاولى‪:‬‬ ‫يمكن أستنتاج معنى كلمه ما من المعنى العام للجمله أو الفقره التى وردت فيها هذه الكلمه ل ن ذلك‬ ‫يساعد على فهم معنى هذه الكلمه‪ ،‬ل ن الكلمه فى الواقع انما تشتق معناها مما حولها من سياق‬ ‫)أى بقية كلمات الجمله( فلو تجاهلت الجمله المستعمله فيها الكلمه وحملقت فى الكلمه وحدها‬ ‫وأمعنت النظر والفكر فلن تستطيع أ ن تصل الى معناها‪ ،‬وانما يتيسر لك الوصول الى معناها من‬ ‫استنتاجك من الجمله المستعمله فيها أو من سياق الكلم الذى يضفى على الكلمه معناها ويبين‬ ‫مدلولها‪ ،‬فمثل أنت لتعرف معنى كلمة ‪ assault‬اذا كانت قائمه بذاتها‪ ،‬ولكنها اذا أستعملت فى‬ ‫جمله يصبح معناها واضحا تستطيع استنتاجه من المثال التى‪:‬‬ ‫‪The soldiers began their assault on the enemy.‬‬ ‫بعد قراءة هذه الجمله يمكنك أان تقول بسهوله ان معنى كلمة ‪ assault‬هو " هجوم"‪.‬‬

‫مثال آخر‪ :‬قد لنعرف معنى كلمة ‪ den‬أو ‪ Prey‬ال ن كيف أ ن استعمال هاتين الكلمتين فى‬ ‫سياق مفيد منه استنتاج معنى كل منهما‪– .‬‬ ‫‪.After the lion had hunted his prey he carried it to his den to eat it 76‬‬ ‫فلو نظرت الى هذه الجمله على أنها كل متماسك وأمعنت المظر قليل لستنتجت أ ن ‪ prey‬لبد أ ن‬ ‫يكو ن معناها الحيوا ن الذى اصطاده السد أو "الفريسه" ولبد ا ن تستنتج أيضا أ ن ‪ den‬هو بيت‬ ‫السد أو "عرينه"‪.‬‬ ‫الطريقه الثانيه‪:‬‬ ‫يمكنك أايضا أان تستنتج معنى كلمه صعبه اذا علمت‪:‬‬ ‫أ ن كل كلمتين مرتبطتين بأداة ‪and‬أو ‪ or‬يكو ن معناها واحد أو متناقضتين‪ .‬مثال ذلك‪:‬‬ ‫‌أ(‬ ‫‪– Sadness and depression.‬‬

‫‪- Joy and sorrow.‬‬

‫ب( ا ن الكلمه الصعبه أو الفكره الصعبه غالبا ما تكو ن مشروحه فى الجمله التى تليها‪ .‬مثال ذلك‪:‬‬ ‫‪- Healthy living is impossible in slums. These are poor, over‬‬‫‪crowded districts in which the houses are very badly and cheaply‬‬ ‫‪built.‬‬ ‫فى هذا المثال تعتبر الجمله الثانيه شرحا وافيا لمعنى كلمة ‪ slums‬التى وردت فى نهاية الجملة‬ ‫الولى ومعناها )الحياء الفقيره(‪.‬‬ ‫الطريقة الثالثة‪:‬‬ ‫يمكنك أيضا أ ن تستنتج معنى كلمه جديده أو صعبه بالنسبة اليك اذا عرفت معانى ‪ prefix‬أى )المقطع‬ ‫الول للكلمة( مثل ‪:‬‬ ‫) اعد كتابة( ‪re ….. ( again ) : rewrite‬‬ ‫) مضاد للسم( ‪anti….(against :antivenom‬‬

‫الطريقة الرابعه‪:‬‬ ‫ومن الطرق التى تساعدك على استنتاج معنى كلمه من الكلمات الصعبه‪ ،‬هو تحليل هذه الكلمه أو‬ ‫تجزيئها الى مقاطعها المختلفه‪ .‬فقد تجد صعوبة كبيرة فى معرفة كلمه مثل‪ unbelievable :‬ولكن لو‬ ‫عرفت أ ن الصل فى هذه الكلمة هو المقطع الوسط ‪ believe‬بمعنى "يعتقد" وأ ن كلمة ‪believable‬‬ ‫هى صفه مشتقه من هذا الفعل‪ ،‬وأ ن المقطع الول وهو ‪ un‬معناه ‪ not‬السهل عليك معرفة هذه الكلمة‬ ‫وهو‬

‫"ليمكن تصديقه" وبالمثل كلمة ‪" impassable‬ليمكن المرور منه" مشتقه من الفعل ‪pass to‬‬ ‫"يمر" أو كلمه مثل ‪" unbearable‬ليحتمل" لنها مشتقه من الفعل ‪ bear to‬بمعنى "يحتمل"‬ ‫وكذلك كلمة ‪ immovable‬بمعنى "ثابت" من الفعل ‪. move to‬‬

77

(1) People may be divided into two types : winners and losers . Because our families and friends have a great influence on us as we grow, we are born helpless and dependent on our environment . Winners are able to change their situation and become independent by being responsible for their own lies. They don’t blame others for their mistakes. They do their own thinking, they listen to others, evaluate what they say, and then they make up their minds. Although they may fail at times, yet they keep self-confidence . Winners overcome their bad experiences. They enjoy work, play, food and the world of nature.. They freely enjoy themselves but they can postpone it if duty calls. Losers, on the other hand never learn to take responsibility for their own lives. There are many causes why people can become losers: disease , poor nutrition, cruelty, unhappy relationships and bad experiences. These can interfere with the normal progress towards becoming a winner. But whereas winners fight theses situations, losers hang on to them, and use them as excuses. Losers usually feel anxious, unhappy and bored. They are afraid to try new things and often repeat their own mistakes again and again. Losers spend their lives waiting for something wonderful to happen to save them from their problems with their lives but never try to change . A) Answer the following questions : 1- What determines the life of the winners ? 2- What does the underlined word ( these ) refer to ? 3- Give a suitable title to the passage ? 4- Find in the text words which mean : a) to put off until a later time b) to get in the way of B) Choose the correct answer : 5- When winners fail at times, they ---------------------a) are afraid to try new things b) never keep their self – confidence c) spend their time waiting d) never repeat their own mistakes 6- Losers are people who --------------------------a) blame others for their mistakes b) overcome their bad experiences c) learn to take responsibility d) try to change 7- Winners can change their own lives by ---------------------a) blaming others for their mistakes b) using their mistakes as excuses c) waiting for something wonderful d) being responsible for their own lives

(2) Did you think of money ? Is it important to us or not ? Aristotle, the Greek philosopher, summed up the four chief qualities of money some 2000 years ago. It must be lasting and easy to recognize, to divide, and to carry. This means it must be , “ durable, distinct, divisible and portable ? “. When we think of money today, We picture it either as round, flat pieces of metal, which we call coins or as printed paper notes. But there are still parts of the world today where coins and notes are of no use .They will buy nothing, and a traveller might starve if he had none of the particular local “ money “ to exchange for food .

Among isolated people, who are not often reached by traders from outside commerce usually means barter . This is a direct exchange for pots, baskets, or other manufactured goods. For this kind of trading, money is not needed, but there is often something that everyone wants and everybody can use, such as salt to flavour food, shells for ornaments, or iron and copper to make into tools and vessels. These things : Salt, shells or metals are still used as money in some primitive parts of the world 76 today. A) Answer the following questions : 1- Which of the four qualities of money, do you think, is the most essential? 2- How would you describe money at present ? 3- What does the underlined word ( barter ) mean ? 4- Give a suitable title for the passage ? B) Choose the correct answer : 5- In some isolated parts of the world money is --------------------------a) needed for trading b) not needed for trading c) needed for buying thing d) wanted as coins or paper notes 6- In some parts of the world today where coins and notes are of no use we can -----

a) exchange goods b) use local money only c) use any other money d) buy nothing 7- According to the passage, everyone in the isolated parts needs --------------a) only salt to flavour food b) iron and copper to make into tools c) salt , shells , iron and copper d) tools and vessels

(3) One day, I was standing outside an underground station in London waiting for a friend, when I saw two men . One was sitting on the pavement. His clothes were old and dirty and had a hat in front of him. As people passed by , he said, “ Can you give me some change, please ? “ A few people tossed some coins into the hat but mist people ignored him . The other man was wearing a suit and holding a plastic petrol can . He stopped people and told them his car had run out of petrol and he had forgotten his wallet. He asked them to lend him some money for petrol. Most people happily gave him money. Some gave him coins, but most gave him notes. I watched him for ten minutes . In that time he collected a lot of money. He put it in his pocket, but he did no go to the petrol station. It became clear to me that both men were beggars. The one in the dirty clothes needed money more than one in the suit. But the one in the suit was much more successful . Isn’t that strange ? A) Answer the following questions : 1- Why was the writer standing outside the station ? 2- Which man collected the most money ? 3- Did the man in the suit really have a car which had run out of petrol ? 4- What does the pronoun “ it “ in bold refer to ? B) Choose the correct answer : 5- “ Most people ignored him “ means people ---------------------------a) shouted at him b) refused to give any money c) walked past without looking at him d) moved quickly 6- People ----------------- the second man’s story . a) didn’t believe b) believed c) doubted d) knew 7- The man in the suit asked people to ------------------ him money . a) take b) borrow c) spend d) lend

(4) The neighbours closest to my house are my favourite people. The man is a retired army officer and his wife still working for the nearby university . They are very hospitable and usually invite their friends to lunch. It is particularly enjoyable to wake up a Friday morning to the sounds of their music playing which are really quite artistic. However, I also love to hear them laughing when they make a mistake in their 77 music playing. Besides music, carpentry is still man’s main interest, and most days he is outside in his work space in the garden, making an artistic piece of furniture . My neighbours are ideal to live next door, too, because they can very helpful if I need them. I respect them as they never interfere in my private life and I behave with them in the same way . We have helped each other with numerous emergencies such as fire and car accidents. We also co-operate with each other in little ways such as bringing the mail, when one of us is away. We sometimes meet when they invite me over for coffee, with some of their friends who are usually very interesting people: poets, painters, professors and other lively persons whom I enjoy meeting . Sometimes we go to the fireworks display. Apart from this, we simply live next door to each other peacefully, side by side. A) Answer the following questions : 1- Give one reason why the writer likes his neighbours. 2- What hobbies do the writer’s neighbours practice ? 3- Why does the write respect his neighbours? 4- Why are the writer’s neighbours ideal ? B) Choose the correct answer : 5- The underlined word “ usually “ means ----------------------a) always b) never c) seldom d) many times 6- At the neighbours’ house, the write meets ---------------------a) interesting people b) uninteresting people c) soldiers and artists only d) officers and professors only 7- The underlined words “ little ways “ refer to ------------------a) short roads b) not long streets c) personal business d) simple services offered

(5) Amal and Hassan, a newly married couple, were poor. Hassan’s wage enough to rent only a very small flat. But there were two things of which each was proud ! Amal had the longest and most beautiful hair and Hassan possessed a magnificent gold pocket-watch, given to him by his father. Amal always noticed sadly, when he looked at this watch fixed to the buttonhole of his coat by a common old leather strap. He really needed a gold chain. Hassan often thought if only he could buy her a jeweled comb to hold her long hair in place. Now, it was the feast, Hassan and Amal began to think what present they could afford to give each other. Amal had a wonderful idea. She ran down the street to the shop with the notice : “ Hair bought “ . She entered and an hour later walked out of the shop richer by five hundred dollar but without her hair. She bought a chain to suit Hassan’s watch and wrapped it in a piece of coloured paper.

When Hassan saw her hair, he was speechless. Amal cried , “ It will grow again very quickly” . I had to sell it buy your present. She produced the parcel from behind her back. Opening it laughed until tears came into his eyes . He had sold his watch to buy a jeweled comb for her hair. Amal smiled and said. “ Ours are the best feast presents in the world “. A) Answer the following questions : 1- Show that Hassan and Amal led a hard life ? 2- What did Amal’s sacrifice show ? 3- Why was Hassan deeply moved ? 4- Give a title to the passage . B) Choose the correct answer : 5- Amal sold her hair ------------------------ the feast . 78 a) exactly on b) one day before c) two days d) one day after 6- When Hassan saw Amal without her long hair he felt -----------------a) happy b) angry c) shocked d) ashamed 7- The underlined word “ It “ refers to ---------------------a) Hassan’s watch b) Amal’s hair c) the feast d) the chain

(6) It was the end of the summer holiday and Nadia was worried. She had still not done her homework. Nadia had missed the day of school because she had been ill . She had phoned her friend Azza and asked what homework their teacher had set for the summer holiday. Azza had told her that teacher had asked them to write a composition. Nadia had written down the title. It was “ The best things in life are three “ Nadia didn’t know what to write. When she thought about the best things in life, they didn’t seem to be “ three “ at all . She thought about her parents. There were two of them. Her brothers and sisters, there were four of them . She thought about happiness, love, nature. She couldn’t count these at all . On the first day school , Nadia’s teacher asked her to read her composition to the class. Nadia stood up and began. “ I don’t think the best things in life are three at all, “ she said. “ I think they are things you can’t count “ The other students stated to laugh . “ Nadia “ said her teacher gently. “ The title of the composition was : The best things in life are free . “ A) Answer the following questions : 1- Why wasn’t Nadia at school when the teacher set the homework ? 2- Why did the rest of the class laugh when Nadia started to read her composition ? 3- What does the word “ It “ in the first paragraph refer to ? 4- Do you agree that the best things in life are free ? Why ? B) Choose the correct answer : 5- Nadia communicated with Azza by ---------------------------a) phone b) letter c) e-mail d) message 6- Nadia’s teacher was -------------------- with Nadia . a) happy b) pleased c) angry d) worried 7- Nadia disagreed with the title of the composition because ------------------a) She wrote it down wrongly b) She couldn’t count the best things in life c) She didn’t want to write the composition d) She didn’t have time to write the composition .

(7)

Your goal is something that you want to do . First you should decide what that goal is. Do you want to pass an exam? Do you want to be a doctor ? Do you want to be wealthy ? Think about what you want and decide on your goal. You should write your goal on a piece of paper. Put your goal poster on your wall and look at it everyday. Then decide what you have to do to achieve your goal Some people never reach their goal because they think it is impossible. You should think positively. Don’t think “ the exam is difficult and I will probably fail it, “ instead you should think “ The exam is difficult, but I have worked hard and will pass it “ . People who think negatively seldom reach their goals, so be positive ! We are most successful at things we enjoy. So you should try to enjoy your work . Look at your goal poster. Think how happy you will be when you have reached your goal. Think about that happiness while you are working and you will enjoy your work. 79 A) Answer the following questions : 1- What is a goal ? 2- What does the underlined word (it) refer to ? 3- How can you learn to enjoy your work ? 4- Do you agree with the advice of the writer ? B) Choose the correct answer : 5- The best title for the passage is ----------------------a) How to be a doctor b) Three ways to reach your goal c) The best way to pass an exam d) How to make a goal poster 6- “ You should think positively “ mean that you should “ -----------a) realize that it is difficult to reach your goal b)work harder c) be confident and optimistic d)learn to take responsibility 7- The opposite of positive is ----------------------a) negative b) responsive c) relative d) possessive

(8) You have got some things that are complicated and you don’t know much about them. Your tongue is about 10 centimeters long . It is covered with taste buds . These are tiny nerve endings, which enable you to taste your food. Babies are born with taste buds all over their mouths . Theses gradually disappear as they grow older leaving only those on the tongue. An adult has about 1.000 taste buds. We can taste our food when saliva, a liquid produced by the mouth, dissolves chemicals in the food and washes them over taste buds. There are four basic tastes : Sweet, sour, salt and bitter. All the taste buds can detect all these tastes to some extent, but different areas of the tongue detect different tastes best . Sweet tastes such as sugar, are best detected by the taste buds at the tip of the tongue. Salt is detected by those at the front sides of the tongue. The taste buds along the edges at back of the tongue are good at detecting sour tastes , such as lemon, and those on the back of the tongue detect bitter tastes such as coffee . There are no taste buds in the center of the tongue. The tongue is also used in speaking . The combined action of the tongue, throat, mouth and lips changes the sounds into words . A) Answer the following questions : 1-Name the four taste types mentioned in the passage and give an example of each . 2- How does saliva help us to taste food ? 3- What does the underlined word ( those ) refer to ? 4- What is different about the way a baby tastes from the way an adult tastes ? B) Choose the correct answer : 5- Which one of the these is not a liquid ? -------------------a) saliva b) water c) salt d) lemon juice

6- The center of the tongue -----------------------a) tastes food b) doesn’t taste food c) is found in adult’s mouth d) tastes sour food 7- The function of the tongue is to -------------------a) taste food only b)taste food and change the sounds into words c) make words only d) make sounds only

(9)

80

El-Arish is one of the most important cities in Sinai . It has always been the gateway to Egypt and so it has been used by invading armies as far back as the Turks and Romans. These armies have destroyed a great deal of Arishi traditional culture . For example, there are hardly any original Arishi houses left. They used to be built around an open courtyard, but nearly all of them have, by now, been destroyed . Nowadays, there are plans to develop the region. There will be no industrial complexes and huge cities. The developments will follow a “ green “ approach , and agriculture , fishing and tourism will be the key to the region’s development . North Sinai Bedouins have not been nomads for some time as they could not travel because of restrictions at borders. Nowadays, many Bedouins own farms on land which has been reclaimed from the desert. Other settled Bedouins became fishermen in Lake Baradawil. There has been a change in the lives of many Bedouin Women. In the old days, they were only allowed to look after the family and some of its animals. Now, many are managing their own businesses producing traditional handcrafts, such as carpets and cloth. Because of the absence of historic sites in the area, the planners are going to use its unpolluted environment to attract tourists. Tourists like unpolluted areas, therefore all new projects will protect the environment. This approach is called Ecotourism . Ecotourism will not only be good for the economy, it will help to protect our national heritage . A) Answer the following questions : 1- How will North Sinai be developed in the future ? 2- Why have most North Sinai Bedouins become settled ? 3- What changes have come to the lives of many Bedouin women ? 4- What is the meaning of Ecotourism ? Why is it important ? B) Choose the correct answer : 5- ------------------ destroyed most Arishi culture. a) Turks b) Invading armies c) Romans d) The courtyard 6- Traditional houses were built around and open ----------------------a) courtyard b) culture c) green approach d) environment 7- The planners are going to use unpolluted environments to attract tourists owing to ----------------------a) the absence of historic sites b) protecting the environment c) approach the tourists d) producing traditional handcrafts

( 10 ) In many countries today , a difficult question is being asked : Do we the right to use animals in laboratory experiments ? Using animals in medical research has many benefits . Animal research has enabled researchers to develop treatments for diseases like smallpox without animal research. Every drug anyone takes today was tried first on animals. Which is more important, the life of a rat that of a three year old child ? Medical research is also an excellent way of using animals in research, any more than it can be used as a reason for experimenting on other humans . Animals suffer a lot during these experiments. They are forced to live in small cages and they may be unable to move. Animals have the same rights as humans do, to be able to

move freely and not to have pain or fear forced on them . We can use computer modelling instead of animals in research laboratories to save animals’ life. A) Answer the following questions : 1- Why is animal research useful ? 2- How do animals suffer during experiments ? 3- What is the other way that can be used instead of experimenting on animals ? 4- Are you with or against using animals B) Choose the correct answer : 5- According to the passage, some people support using animals in research because the think that -----------------81 a) the life of people is more important than the life of animals . b) animals are harmful creatures . c) many people do not like animals . d) animals do not suffer during experiments . 6- The idea against using animals in research is that -----------------a) the life of animals is more important than the life of humans . b) people should help to increase the number of animals . c) researcher have to use animals in their medical research . d) animals have the same rights as humans do . 7- An appropriate title for this passage would be ---------------------a) Scientific Research b) Research Laboratories c) Animal Rights d) Human Rights

( 11 ) On leaving, Mrs. Madga gave last minute instructions to the new baby-sitter, a young girl of seventeen whose main work was to look after the baby . The girl had never done this work before and Mrs. Magda was a little bit anxious. “ Make yourself comfortable, Soha. “ Mrs. Magda said “ I’ve prepared a tray of food and fruit for you. It’s on the table. You can, of course, listen to the radio or watch the television , but don’t have it on too loud because it might wake our little baby . Sound moves terribly in this house. If the boy wakes up, go to his room and stay with there until he goes back to sleep. Anyway, he’s two years old so you shouldn’t have any trouble. My husband and I will than they had expected. They heard the sound of TV. A light was still on in the living room. The little baby was crying loudly . His face was living room immediately and came out, holding the baby who very hungry . “ What is she doing there ? Where is Soha ? She is fast asleep ! She has eaten all the food here ! “ A) Answer the following questions : 1- Why was Mrs. Magda worried about the baby-sitter ? 2- What did Mr. & Mrs. Kamal find when they returned home ? 3- What instructions did Mrs. Magda give the baby-sitter? 4- Was Soha a good baby-sitter or a bad one ? Why ? B) Choose the correct answer : 5- Although Mrs. Magda gave strict instructions to the baby-sister, she --------a) forgot them b) carried them out c) neglected them d) followed them 6- When Mrs. Magda returned home, she was surprised because --------------a) the baby-sitter was awake . b) the television was on . c) there was a light in the living – room . d) the baby was crying and Soha was fast asleep 7- Mrs. Magda came home --------------------------

a) before five

b) after five

c) at give

d) at half past four

( 12 ) It was believed that being overweight was healthy but nowadays few people agree to this viewpoint. While many people are fighting the battle to reduce weight, studies are being performed concerning appetite and how it is controlled by both emotional and biochemical factors. Some of the conclusions of these studies may give us the ability to understand how deal with weight problems. For example, when several people were asked about their eating habits in times of stress, 44% said they reacted to stressful situations by eating . 82 Further investigations of both humans and animals indicated that it is not food which relieves tension, but rather the act of chewing. A test showed that extremely fat people have a high sense of taste, and love more flavored food than thin people. When deprived of the variety of tastes, extremely fat people are not satisfied and consequently eat more to fulfil this need. Exercise has been recommended as an important part of weight-loss programmes. However, it has been found out that mild exercise is a way of losing weight because using the stairs instead of the lift is better in the long run than taking on a severe programme such as running slowly ( jogging ). Many people find jogging difficult to continue over long periods of time, it also increases appetite . A) Answer the following questions : 1-What is the main idea of the passage ? 2-What is the best treatment for overweight, according to writer’s point of view ?

3-What are the two kinds of exercises that help lose weight ? 4-How does eating relieve tension ? B) Choose the correct answer : 5- One of the emotional factors which control appetite is ------------------------a) jogging b) chewing c) eating d) stress 6- When fat people are deprived of the variety of taste they -------------------a) lose weight b) practice exercises c) eat more d) use flavours 7- The word “ further “ in the passage means ----------------------a) more b) super c) greater d) extreme

( 13 ) Video and television are responsible for the declining interest in reading among the young. While they may be harmless in themselves, they do nothing to build up reading skills. If some of the hours children spend watching television were devoted to reading, they population would be better educated . Watching a story is a totally passive pastime. Someone else has made the decisions about everything in the story. Reading a story is an active partnership between writer and reader. Ideas are sketched and the mind of the reader creates the rest . Watching something is easier . The problem is that many children read very slowly. They decode a page or two in a class and about the same again for homework. It is hardly surprising that such children then declare that they find reading boring and prefer to watch television. Their difficulty is not reading the words-it is interpreting them. They need to be able to read fast enough to feed the mind’s hunger for a story. That means practice . Only by reading daily will a child become a strong and independent reader. Parents need to be convinced of the importance of preventing their children from wasting their hours on inert viewing. Without the television the child is likely to turn to books for entertainment . A) Answer the following questions : 1- What is they writer’s main objection o video and TV ?

2- Why is watching a story easier than reading it ? 3- How can children be good readers ? 4- The writer believes that visual images, such as watching television, spoil the imagination . Do you agree ? Why ? B) Choose the correct answer : 5- The underlined pronoun “ they “ refers to ----------------------a) the young b) video & television c) children d) reading skills 6- The writer says that population would be better educated if children -------83 a) do their homework b) watch TV c) read much b) read slowly 7- According to the writer’s view, TV is ------------- means of entertainment a) not an effective b) an encouraging c) an effective d) not a cheap

( 14 ) The ancient Greeks always asserted that a healthy mind in a healthy body is the key to a well-balanced life. Nowadays many schools are decreasing the amount of time given to spots, and some schools are removing it altogether. Although academic subjects are certainly a very important part of the school curriculum, I am strongly opposed to the complete removal of sports. Firstly , schools have a responsibility to educate children in all areas. For that reason, it is just as important to provide sports practice for the professional sportsmen and women of the future, as it is to provide academic training to those who will go on to university. In addition, students these days spend long hours studying or working at their computers. Therefore, they need the opportunity to do some physical activity during the school day. This will not help to increase their level of fitness and make them healthier , it will also mean that they develop better social skills and are able to concentrate on their studies for longer, and thus achieve better result. In conclusion, I strongly believe that sports should remain a key part of the school curriculum. All children have the right to get a balanced education, and they should not be deprived of the opportunity to learn how to play sports . A) Answer the following questions : 1-Does the write support or oppose the issue of increasing sport time at schools?

2-In your opinion , how could practicing sports at schools help students later in university and at work ? 3-Why is it important to practise sports during the school day ? 4-What should not children be deprived of ? B) Choose the correct answer : 5- Which statement is not true ? a) Sports encourage team spirit b) Sports give the chance to be physically fit c) Sports help students become more successful d) Sports lead to overweight 6- The ancient Greeks believe that : a) There is a connection between intelligence and a strong boy b) Well-balanced food is important

c) There is a negative effect of sports on the body

d) Studying is more important than sports . 7- The word “ key “ means -----------------------------------a) lock b) necessary c) clue

d) guide

( 15 ) Over the past twenty years, computers and the internet have become more and more important to us. In fact, depending on computer technology continues to grow

everyday . We seem to use computers for almost everything these days, in shopping, driving our car or , communicating with relatives and colleagues . This explosion in computer technology has resulted in a rush to install computers in every classroom and to “ wire “ every school to the Internet . In the USA, between 1984, and 1997 alone, the number of computers in secondary schools increased to more than 8 million nits, Both educators and students alike have been forced to keep up with this new wave of technology. Teachers have found that even though they themselves are still trying to learn the most basic of computer skills, they are 84 expected to teach students about computer know-how. Few people would question the role that computers could play in education. Some educators claim that students given the opportunity to use them in a classroom setting, will get better grades than those who learn without having had any computer experience . These people say that just as computer technology has improved the way cars work, computers will make the classroom a better place to teach concepts and ideas that students need to become brighter , more successful adults. A) Answer the following questions : 1-How could computers helps students become more successful ? 2-Give an example from the passage that shows that computers have been widely used in secondary education . 3-Give some examples of everyday uses of computers in our life . 4-In your opinion, what are the possible disadvantages of using computers in education ? B) Choose the correct answer : 5- Teachers are expected to teach students how to use computers although a) they know to use computer b) they are still learning how to use computers c) they know all the basics of computer skills . d) they are forced to use 6- “Few people would question the role that computers could play “ means a) Many people are certain about the importance of computers b) Some people ask questions about computers c) Not many people doubt the importance of computers d) Some people want more computers 7- The expression “ keep up with “ means -------------------------. a) keep in touch b) support c) manage d) continue to learn

( 16 ) It had been a tiring day and I was looking forward to a quiet evening. My husband would not be back until late and decided to settle down in a comfortable armchair in the living-room and read a book. I put the children to bed early and prepared cold supper and some coffee. Soon I was sitting comfortably with a tray full of food before me and a book at my side . I was just beginning to eat when the telephone rang. I dropped my knife and fork and hurried to answer it . By the time I got back the living-room, my coffee had got cold. After I finished my supper, I began drinking cold coffee with book open at page one. Suddenly there was a loud knock at the door. It give me such a surprise that I spilt the coffee and an ugly stain on my skirt. A stranger has lost his way and wanted me to direct him. It took me ages to get rid of him . At length I managed to sit down again and actually read a whole page without further interruption until the baby work up. He began crying loudly and I rushed upstairs. They baby was still awake at 11 o’clock when my husband came home. I could have screamed when he asked me if had spent a pleasant evening ! A) Answer the following questions :

1- How did the writer intend to spend her evening ? 2- Why did writer’s food and drink become cold ? 3- What does the underlined words “ At length “ mean ? 4- Did the writer live in a flat or in a villa ? How do you know ? B) Choose the correct answer : 5- The child slept --------------------------------a) late b) early c) at 11 o’clock d) at noon 6- When the writer’s husband returned, she was ------------------------a) nervous b) pleased c) happy d) ugly 7- The writer read ------------------------------------a) no pages b) five pages c) only one page d) 11 pages

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( 17 ) There is no doubt that Egypt has every reason to be proud of its ancient civilization that has yielded wonderful remains and monuments. These have captured people’s admiration and high appreciation everywhere all over the world. Moreover, tourism is one of the main sources of income and hard currency that is badly needed to carry out investment projects. When tourists are well treated, satisfied and pleased with their visits in Egypt, they will, no doubt, speak well of Egypt. The result will be that more and more tourists will come to our country, so tourists themselves can be good propaganda for Egypt. In order to attract tourists to Egypt, tourist offices in our embassies in Europe, America and Asia should distribute well prepared booklets and brochures that contain full and exciting information about the old Egyptian legacy and its effects on other civilizations. Places of interest and services that could be offered to help tourists enjoy their tour, should also be included . Ancient remains as well as new discoveries of antiquities should be described in an attractive manner. Moreover, art’s history museums as well as Egyptian civilization museums should be set up in capitals of European and American countries. More important still is the necessity of offering all possible facilities to tourists as soon as they set foot in Egypt. We have to be sure that tourists feel that their stay is enjoyable, comfortable and without any troubles. Tourist police should stop any nuisance that would spoil tourists’ enjoyment and safety . A) Answer the following questions : 1-How can tourists be a good propaganda to attract more tourists to the country ? 2-What role could tourist offices play in other continents ? 3-Why is tourism important for our country ? 4-What should tourist police do ? B) Choose the correct answer : 5- Egypt is proud of its ancient civilization because a) tourists are very well treated, satisfied and pleased b) it brings us hard currency c) it has attracted people’s admiration and high appreciation everywhere d) booklets contain exciting information about monuments 6- Tourist offices in our embassies abroad should ------------a) carry out investment projects b) distribute brochures that tell about the old Egyptian legacy c) afford all possible facilities to tourists as soon as they set foot in Egypt d) stop any nuisance that would spoil tourist’s enjoyment and safety 7- Egyptian civilization museums should -------a) be we prepared in booklets b) be set up in Europe and the United States c) be limited to be a source of income d)be set up in foreign capitals all over the world

( 18 ) In October 1999, the Egyptian scientist Ahmed Zewail won the Noble Prize. On that occasion, a great ceremony was held in Scotland to celebrate the contributions to science. At present, Zewail works at the California Institute of Technology, and holds both Egyptian and American nationalities. 86 In his latest discovery of the smallest unit of time, the femto-second. Zewail showed that it is possible with rapid laser technique to see how atoms move. This technique is similar to the slow motion replays of a football match. These enable us to watch the match in detail and understand what is really going on. Similarly, Zewail’s technique shows atoms in “slow motion” during a reaction to see the movements of individual atoms. This technique will be very useful in studying complex life processes, the structure of electronic bodies, and the production of medicine in the future. When Zewail decided to visit his motherland, Egypt, he got a hero’s welcome at all level. He was given The Necklace of the Nile; It is the highest award to be granted to Egyptian figures who offers contributions to humanity. Zewail is very popular in Egypt now, not only for his scientific discoveries, but also for his loyalty to his country. At the Noble Prize ceremony, he spoke about his country with love and pride. He said he owed a lot to Egypt, with its long history in science and technology since the pharaohs. Nowadays Zewail is working with a team of Egyptian experts to establish a new university for scientific research necessary for the progress of Egypt. A- Answer the following questions : 1- In what way is Zewail’s technique similar to a football match? 2- Mention tow possible applications of Ahmed Zewail’s new technique in the future . 3- From the passage give one word for each of the following: a-quick. b- native country. B- Choose the correct answer : 4- Dr. Ahmed Zewail won the Nobel prize for a-working at the California Institute. b- holding two nationalities. c- being loyal to his country. d- his contributions to science. 5- According to the passage, the femto-second is …………..…….. a- a film b)a very tiny time unit. c- Ahmed Zewail’s second invention. D)the slow motion of atoms.

( 19 ) Many people believe the legend that there is a curse on the tomb of Tutankhamen. This tomb was discovered by Lord Carnarvon in 1920. He died from blood poisoning three months after opening the tomb. No one would have thought his death had any thing to do with the tomb if it hadn’t been for a letter from the writer Marie Corelli to the News York World newspaper. In this letter she said that she owned a book which told the story of the curse. Not long after the death of Lord Carnarvon, an American who said he had caught a cold while visiting the tomb, also died. As time passed the list of people who had been punished by the curse grew and for many people there was too much evidence for the story to be ignored. However, a number of facts have been forgetting. In 1982 an American policeman who had a heart attack claimed it was because he had spent time looking for Tutankhamen Exhibition in San Francisco. He was not believed when it was discovered that another man who had actually slept in the tomb

while guarding it for seven years was not only alive but in good health. Thus the idea of the curse was proved to be a fallacy. AAnswer the following questions :1- What made the people think that Lord Carnarvon’s death was caused by the curse 87 of Tutankhamen ? 2- Why did the man sleep in the tomb for seven years ? 3- Do you think there is a curse in the tomb of Tutankhamen ? Why ? B- Choose :4- Lord Carnarvon died of ………………………………………… a- the curse of the tomb b- blood pressure c- an accident d- blood poisoning. 5- The curse proved to be a ……………………………………….. a- fallacy b- fact c- true story d- not fancy

( 20 ) It was once believed that being overweight was healthy, but nowadays few people subscribe to this viewpoint. While many people are fighting the battle to reduce weight, studies are being conducted concerning appetite and how it is controlled by both emotional and biochemical factors. Some of the conclusions of these studies may help to understand how to deal with weight problems. For example, when several hundred people were asked about their eating habits in times of stress, 44% said that they reacted to stressful situations by eating. Further investigation with humans and animals indicated that it is not food that relieves tension but rather the act of chewing. A test in which subjects were blindfolded showed that obese people have a keener sense of taste and crave more flavorful food than non-obese people. When deprived of the variety and intensity of tastes, these people are not satisfied and consequently eat more to fulfill this need. Blood samples taken from people after they were shown a picture of food revealed that overweight people reacted with an increase in blood insulin, a chemical associated with appetite. This did not happen with average-weight people. In other experiments, results showed that certain people have a specific biologically induced hunger for carbohydrates. Eating carbohydrates raises the level of serotonin, a neurotransmitter in the brain. Enough serotonin produces a sense of satiation, and hunger for carbohydrates subsides. A) Answer the following questions: 1- According to the text, how does a large percentage of people deal with stress? 2- What does the underlined word “this” refer to? 3- Find words in the passage which mean: a) decline b) results 4- Why is overweight no longer thought of as healthy? B) Choose the correct answer: 5- In the past, people believed that overweight was-----------a) something good b) something bad c) unhealthy d) undesirable 6- People tend to ------------------in stressful situations. a) eat less b) stop eating c) eat more d) eat fast 7- Some scientists believe that appetite is influenced by ---------------factors.

a) biographic

b) biochemical

c) bacterial

d) botanical

( 21 ) Today, many people use natural ways to cure illnesses that don’t cause side effects. ‘Acupuncture’ and ‘biofeedback’ are two popular methods. Doctors have

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been using ‘acupuncture’ in China for over two thousand years. It involves pushing needles into the skin at special points around the body. Ancient Chinese philosophers believed that they were connected to different organs and could cure diseases. Today, ‘acupuncture’ is used in many countries, and studies show that it works especially for headaches, backaches and smoking. Since 1950, doctors in China have also been using ‘acupuncture’ in major operations. Patients are awake and know what is happening in the operation but they feel little or no pain. Scientists think that the needles make the body produce a chemical called ‘endorphin’ that helps to reduce the feeling of pain. Another natural way to cure illnesses is ‘biofeedback’. It uses a technology to help people control their internal organs. For example, if a person has a problem with sleeping, he/she is connected to a special computer that shows the activity of the brain. The person then is asked to do some mental exercises to relax. When the brain activity falls and the person is relaxed, the computer makes a noise. Slowly, the person learns what type of mental exercise can help him/her to reduce the activity of the brain. A) Answer the following questions: Why do many people prefer ‘acupuncture’ and ‘biofeedback’ to cure diseases? How do doctors use ‘acupuncture’ in operations? ‘Biofeedback’ uses technology to help people control their internal organs. Explain. What does the underlined word ‘they’ refer to? B) Choose the correct answer: Doctors in China have been using ‘acupuncture’ in operations for …… a. 50 years b. 54 years c. 55 years d. 52 years Endorphin ………. The feeling of pain. a. increases b. grows c. decreases d. expands A person who has problems with sleeping is connected to a special computer to……….. a. do written exercises b. show the activity of the brain c. try to relax d. do mental exercises

(22 ) Psychologists have been coming up with lots of theories about motivation. They have been busy answering questions on what it is , where it comes from and why some people suffer from a lack of it while others have far too much of it. The most obvious place one needs to be motivated is the workplace. Most of us are motivated to succeed at work. Professor Cooper found that a large percentage of successful people had lost a parent, had been left by a parent or suffered other tragic loss before the age of eighteen. Cooper claimed that their reason for seeking success is not to achieve power over others, but to gain control over what is happening in their lives. Here are some tips to help boost your motivation. Firstly, eat well and exercise. A fat stomach is not going to make you very energetic. Secondly, it is useful to define your goals by writing them down. Thirdly, hang around positive people. If the people you spend your free time with are constantly complaining about life, may be it’s better you looked for new companions. Sleep well and take breaks and holidays. By putting these ideas into practice, you will enjoy higher levels of motivation and a better quality of life. Answer the following questions:

1)Do people, according to psychologists, have similar levels of motivation for success? Explain. 2)According to the text, where do people most likely want to achieve success? 89 3)Why do people who suffered in their childhood seek success? Choose the right answer: 4)According to research by Professor Cooper, a huge number of successful people… a) had good parents b) had suffered the loss of a loved one in childhood b) were orphans d) wanted to have power over other people 5)What helps people determine what they would like to achieve? a) eating well and exercising b) spending time with positive people c) sleeping well d) making a note of it

(23 ) One year an agricultural expert visited a poor village in India. His purpose was to improve agriculture and food production in the village. The village relied for food on the two crops of rice and the vegetables it grew each year. The villagers worked very hard during the planting and harvesting seasons, but their crops were sometimes poor and insufficient because of the weather. The expert told the head of the village that he could give the villagers a new type of rice which would produce double the quantity. The head of the village was delighted and agreed to try it out. The villagers planted the new rice and when they harvested it, it produced double the quantity. When the expert returned after the first crop, he was pleased to see the villagers very happy. The expert returned later to see if the second crop had been equally good. This time he found the fields empty. The villagers were sitting around playing cards and taking life easy. When he asked the head of the village about the second crop, he said ,”we didn’t need to plant a second crop because we had enough rice after the first crop, so we are relaxing and enjoying ourselves.” The expert realized it was useless to tell the head of the village that he had not given them the new rice so that they could spend half a year without working. A. Answer the following questions: 1- Why did the agricultural expert go to the Indian village? 2-Were the fields cultivated when the expert visited the village for the last time. Give reasons for your answer. 3- Why was it difficult for the villagers to find enough rice? 4- Find words in the passage which mean: a) kind b) depend on B. Choose the correct answer: 5-The agricultural expert……. a) told the villagers that it was useless to spend half a year without working b) thought not to give the villagers the new rice again c) did not tell the head of the village that his help to them was useless d) was pleased because the villagers no longer worked hard all the year. 6- The underlined word “it” refers to (rice – the year – the village – the food). 7-At the end of the story………. a)the expert had learnt a lesson b)the villagers were unhappy c)the expert had been successful d)the villagers wanted new vegetable seeds as well

( 24 ) The ancient Greeks always asserted that a healthy mind in a healthy body is the golden key to a well-balanced life. Nowadays many schools are decreasing the amount of time given to sports, and some schools are removing it altogether.

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Although academic subjects are certainly a very important part of the school curriculum . I am strongly opposed to the complete removal of sports. Firstly, schools have a responsibility to educate children in all areas. For that reason, it is just as important to provide sports practice for the professional sportsmen and women of the future, as it is to provide academic training to those who will go on to university. In addition, students these days spend long hours studying or working at their computers. Therefore, they need the opportunity to do some physical activities during the school day. This will not only help to increase their level of fitness and make them healthier, it will also mean that they develop better social skills and are able to concentrate on their studies for longer, and thus achieve a better result. In conclusion, I strongly believe that sports should remain a key part of the school curriculum. All children have the right to get a balanced education, and they should not be deprived of the opportunity to learn how to play sports. A) Answer the following questions: 1- Does the writer support or oppose the issue of increasing sport time at school? 2- Why is it important to practise sports during the school day? 3- What should not children be deprived of? B) Choose the best answer from a, b, c, or d: 4-The ancient Greeks believe that ………………………………………… a) there is a connection between intelligence and strong body. b) well-balanced food is important c) there is a negative effect of sports on the body d) studying is more important than sports 5- The word “key” means ……………………… a) lock b) necessary c) clue

( 25 ) During a recent car trip, I pulled into a rest area and was approached by a dirty man who asked for money to get petrol for his car. I rejected his appeal rationalizing that to give money to beggars would be to encourage a practice already on a disturbing rise in our country. Later I had a change of heart, I handed the man ten pounds and wished him well, but I couldn’t bring myself to grasp the outstretched hand he offered in appreciation. People begin and end almost every interaction with handshakes. Handshaking has become a thing of the past and increasingly dangerous, too. Risks associated with handshaking have become more threatening than the mere passing of germs from one person to another. It is true that diseases such as hepatitis cannot be passed from one person to another through a simple handshake. But what about cold viruses? Rather than risk your health unnecessarily, we might adopt an alternative to handshaking. The “namaste” – placing your two palms together with fingers pointed upward – is used throughout much of the world as a display of respect when greeting someone. Similarly, the military salute would permit us to greet each other without touching. As a possible compromise between the “namaste” and the salute, we might consider the familiar Japanese bow. A) Answer the following questions: 1- Why does the writer think that handshaking is a bad habit? 2- Why did the writer hesitate to give money to the man? 3- What is the advantage of a military salute? B) Choose the best answer from a, b, c, or d: 4- According to the writer, we……..…get cold viruses by handshaking.

a) can b) can never c) couldn’t d) never 5- There are ………..alternatives to handshaking. a) no b) two c) three d) four

( 26 )

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When Guy de Maupassant arrived in the French capital during the early 1870s, Paris was one of the most exciting cities in the modern world. Many of its narrow streets, with their old houses in the poorer parts of the city, had been knocked down in the 1840s and replaced by wide streets with beautiful new buildings . These were much healthier for people to live in. New railway lines brought thousands of people into the city everyday to work in the growing industries. The Eiffel Tower opened in 1889 and brought thousands of tourists into Paris , which was already an important centre of artists and writers. The first line of Paris Metro opened in 1890, attracting even more visitors. A ) Give short answers to the following questions : 1 – When did Maupassant move to Paris? 2 – What does the word " these " mean ? B ) Choose the correct answer from a , b , c or d : 4 – When were parts of Paris built? a – in the 1840s b – in the 1870s c – in the 1880s d – in the 1890s 5 – What does the word Metro mean ? a – private transport b – a meeting place c – a bus root d – an underground railway

( 27 ) What inspires someone to make a new invention? Most inventors are inspired by need. Louis Braille, who was born in 1809, lost his sight when he was a child. However, his parents helped him to continue his education. His teachers helped him a lot and he reached the top of his class. At the age of ten, he was given money to study at the Royal Institution for Blind Youth, where he started to use a simple raised-print system for reading. Louis Braille invented a better system based on raised dots. The dots are put into patterns in a rectangle which has six positions for dots. The different arrangements of the dots represent the letters of the alphabet or other characters. There are symbols for punctuation marks and for math and music. A blind person reads by feeling the dots with their finger tips. Braille writing was not well known until sixteen years after its inventor’s death in 1852. Today, it is used in almost every country in the world and is considered the standard form of reading and writing for the blind. A) Give short answers to the following questions: 1) What need inspired Louis Braille to invent a better system of reading for the blind? 2) How can a blind person read with the Braille system? 3) In what year did the Braille system become well known? B) Choose the correct answer: 4- The underlined relative pronoun "where" refers to …………………. a)the money to study b)b) the Royal Institution for Blind Youth c)his home d)d) simple raised-print system for reading 5- Louis Braille began attending the Royal Institution for Blind Youth when he was …………………… . a) born b) three years old c) seven years old d) ten years old

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( 28 ) Samy and Safwat have been chosen to travel to Paris on a business trip to learn to use some new machines. It's rare to let young people in their company travel abroad. Usually older people are chosen. However, their manager has chosen them because of their hard work. They have arranged everything: they’ve booked the tickets and packed their bags. They are going to stay for a fortnight; they will spend twelve days at the company and then they will have two days to tour round the city before they return to Egypt. It will be a busy trip; they will have little free time. They are enthusiastic to see another community that speaks a different language and has different interests. Samy and Safwat are going to stay in a hotel where they will have two meals, breakfast and dinner. Two days ago, they had a long telephone conversation with the French instructor who will teach them how to use the new machines. He recommended them to take light clothes because the climate is hot and humid in summer. He will be waiting for them in the airport. Samy and Safwat think that he is very friendly and they are sure that they will enjoy this experience. A) Find short answers to the following questions: 1- Why will Samy and Safwat travel to Paris? 2- What arrangements have they made for their trip? 3- How will they have to take light clothes? B B) Choose the correct answer: C 4- Samy and Safwat will spend ………………… in Paris. D a) two weeks b) twelve days c) two days d)two months E 5- The underlined word "He" refers to ………………….. . a) Samy b) Safwat c) the French instructor d) the manager

( 29 ) Most countries in the world now welcome tourists because of the money they bring in. Many countries make great efforts to encourage tourism, and many also depend on what they earn from it to keep their economies going. People who like adventure will even try to visit countries. Companies regularly arrange trips through the Sahara desert or to Himalayan Mountains for whoever enjoys such trips, but the numbers of visitors are small. Most tourists try to choose whichever places have fairly comfortable, cheap hotels, quite good food, reasonable safety, sunny weather or unusual things to see. Their choice of a place for a holiday also depends on when they can get away, it is not very pleasant to go to a place when it is having its worst weather. One big problem for a nation wishing to attract tourists is the cost of building hotels for them. Building good hotels swallow up a lot of money, and many of the countries that need the tourists are poor. What they spend on building has to be borrowed from foreign banks. Another problem is that more and more big international companies are building hotels all over the world, so that the profits from a hotel often do not stay in the country in which it has been built. A) Find short answers to the following questions: 1- What would happen to some countries if tourism stopped? 2- Which places do tourists prefer? 3- Mention two problems that face countries wishing to attract tourists. F B) Choose the correct answer: 1-The underlined word "it” in the first paragraph refers to ............. a) the country b) tourism c) economy d) hotel 2-Some people don't go to a place for a holiday although they like it..... a) because it is not very pleasant b) because of bad weather c) because it is fairly comfortable d) because they are badly treated

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( 30 ) Dale Earnhardt was born in April 1951 in Kannapolis, North Carolina. His interest in racing started when he was watching his father race. Dale did not begin racing until 1975, two years after his father’s death. His big break-through came in 1978. He won his first

championship in 1980. He began to drive for Richard Childress. His first Daytona 500 win came in February of 1998. Dale’s favorite things to do were hunting, fishing, boating, and watching the Atlanta Braves play. Dale became known as “The Intimidator” because of the way he intimidated other drivers. Dale owned cars for three other drivers: his son, Dale, Jr., Steve Park, and Michael Waltrip. On Sunday, February 18, 2001, Dale Earnhardt was coming in on the final lap of the Daytona 500. Michael Waltrip and Dale Jr. were numbers one and two in the race. Dale tried to slow the rest of the racers so one of the two could win. When Dale did this, he hit the wall head-on, going about 180 miles an hour. Michael Waltrip was the winner of the Daytona 500. This was Michael’s first win in sixty-four races, and many people were cheering! Meanwhile, crews rushed to Dale’s car to check on him. He was operated on, but they were not able to bring him back to life. A) Give short answers to the following questions: 1- When did Dale’s interest in racing start? 2- What were Dale’s favourite hobbies? 3- Why was Dale known as “The Intimidator”? B) Choose the correct answer: 1- Dale’s first Daytona 500 win was in……………………………… . a) 1956 b) 1983 c) 1980 d) 1998 2- ……………………… won the Daytona 500 on February 18, 2001. a) Michael Waltrip b) Dale Jr. c) Dale Earnhardt d) Kelly King

( 31 ) Cheques have largely replaced money as a means of exchange, for they are widely accepted everywhere. Though this is very convenient for both buyer and seller, it should not be forgotten that cheques are not real money: they are quite valueless in themselves. A shopkeeper always runs a certain risk when he accepts a cheque and he is right if he refuses to do so. People do not always know this. An old and very wealthy friend of mine told me he had an extremely unpleasant experience. He went to a famous jewellery shop which carries a large stock of precious stones and asked to be shown some pearl necklaces. After examining several trays, he decided to buy a fine string of pearls and asked if he could pay by cheque. The assistant agreed, but the moment my friend signed his name, he was invited into the manager’s office. The manager was very polite, but he explained that someone with the same name had offered them a worthless cheque not long ago. My friend got very angry when he heard this and said he would buy a necklace somewhere else. When he got up to go, the manager told him that the police would arrive at any moment and he had better stay unless he wanted to get into serious trouble. The police arrived soon afterwards. They apologized to my friend, but explained that a person who had used the same name as his was responsible for a number of recent robberies. Then the police asked my friend to copy out a note which had been used by the thief in a number of shops. The note read: “I have a gun in my pocket. Ask me no questions and give me all the money in the drawer.” Fortunately, my friend’s handwriting was quite unlike the thief’s. He was not only allowed to go out without further delay, but to take the string of pearls with him. A) Answer the following questions: 1- Why did the shopkeeper refuse to deal with his customers by cheques? 2-Why was the writer’s friend invited into the manager’s office once he signed his name?

3- Why was the writer’s friend lucky? B)Choose the correct answer: 4- Some customers were arrested by the police for presenting ---------- cheques. a) valuable b) precious c) worthless d) priceless 5-When the police arrived, they -------------to my friend. a) beat b) insulted c) apologized d) arrested

( 32 )

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Most countries in the world now welcome tourists because of the money they bring in. Many countries make great efforts to encourage tourism, and many also depend on what they earn from it to keep their economies going. Most tourists try to choose whichever places have fairly comfortable, cheap hotels, quite good food, reasonable safety, sunny weather or unusual things to see. Their choice of a place for a holiday also depends on when they can get away, it is not very pleasant to go to a place when it is having its worst weather. One big problem for a nation wishing to attract tourists is the cost of building hotels for them. Another problem is that more and more big international companies are building hotels all over the world, so that the profits from a hotel often do not stay in the country in which it has been built. Tourists often feel shocked by the different customs and habits that they see around them. They refuse the local food and insist on having only what they eat at home. A. Answer the following questions: 1- What would happen to some countries if tourism stopped? 2- Which places do tourists prefer? Mention two problems which face countries wishing to attract tourists. B. Choose the correct answer: 3- The underlined word “it” in the first paragraph refers to --------------a) the country b) tourism c) economy d) hotel 4- Some people don’t go to a place for a holiday although they like it --------a) because it is not very pleasant b) because of bad weather c) because it is fairly comfortable d) because they are badly treated

( 33 ) Helen Keller was an American writer who worked hard for handicapped people. She was a great example of a person who conquered physical handicaps. A serious illness destroyed her sight and hearing by the time she was about two years old. However, she was able to overcome her difficulties and become internationally famous. Through the sense of touch, Ann Sullivan, who had been blind during childhood, could teach her reading and writing in Braille method. Gradually, the child was able to connect words with objects. By the time she was sixteen, she could learn to speak. She went to a private secondary school and to college from which she graduated with honours. After college, She was interested in improving the conditions of the blind, the deaf and all the handicapped. She gave lectures and wrote many books and articles. She asked for funds from wealthy people. During World War II, she helped the soldiers who had been blinded in the war. She always gave courage to the handicapped. Answer the following questions: 1- Why did Helen Keller become blind and deaf? 2- Who does the underlined pronoun her refer to? 3- Mention two things Helen did to help the handicapped. Choose the best answer from a,, b, c or d: 95 4-Although she lost her sight and hearing, Helen --------------------------. a) could see, hear and speak when she was 18 b) was shut off from the world c) asked for funds from wealthy people d) could overcome her disabilities and become famous 5-When Helen was sixteen years old, she -------------------------. a) could talk only with the sign language of the deaf mute b) gave lectures and wrote many books c) could learn to speak d) worked with soldiers blinded in the war

( 34 ) Population problems are different in different parts of the world. For example, in many European countries the population is getting older. The birth rate is low because many

young people have only one child or none at all. At the moment many old people are very lonely and often very poor for the simple reason that they hadn't expected to live so long. In Africa, the population is doubling every twenty four years. Better medical services have increased life expectancy and more children survive to become adults. Research shows that the size of the family is connected with the standard of women's education. If more girls had gone to school in the last 20 years, family size in Africa would probably not have continued to be so big. In contrast, the problem in Asia is not just population growth, but also overcrowding in many cities. Traditionally, most people have lived in the countryside, but within the next 25 years more than 65% will live in cities. Therefore, Asian countries started to provide more work and better education in the countryside. Answer the following questions: 1-Why are many old people in Europe very poor? 2-How can Asian countries solve the problem of overcrowding in many cities? The size of the family is connected with the standard of women's education. Explain. Choose the best answer from a,, b, c or d: 3- A suitable title for the passage can be --------------------------. a) World Resources b) World Population problems c) World Problems d) World Changes 4- In Asia, after 25 years, most people -----------------------. a) will live in the countryside b) will leave cities c) will live in cities d) will leave for the countryside

( 35 ) On leaving, Mrs. Magda gave last minute instructions to the new baby-sitter, a young girl of seventeen whose main work was to look after the baby. The girl had never done this work before and Mrs. Magda was a little bit anxious. “Make yourself comfortable, Soha.” Mrs. Magda said. If the boy wakes up, go to his room and stay with him there until he goes back to sleep. Anyway, he is two years old, so you wouldn’t have any trouble. My husband and I will be back at about five o’clock.” Mr. Kamal and his wife Magda returned rather later than they had expected. They heard the sound of TV. A light was still on in the living room. Their little baby was crying loudly. His face was covered with tears. Mrs. Magda went to the living room immediately and came out holding the baby who was very hungry. “What is she doing there? Where is Soha? She is fast asleep. She has eaten all the food here!”. A. Answer the following questions: 1-Why was Mrs. Magda worried about the baby-sitter? 2- What did Mr. and Mrs. Kamal find when they returned home? 3- Was Soha a good baby-sitter or a bad one? Why?

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B. Choose the correct answer: 4- Although Mrs. Magda gave strict instructions to the baby-sitter, she….. a) forgot them b) carried them out c) neglected them d) followed them 5- Mrs. Magda came home….. a) before five b) after five c)at five d)at half past four

( 36 ) When people are playing a game, they need to follow the rules. If they don't, the game becomes disorganized and unfair. Drivers who don't follow traffic laws can cause serious accidents. Most things we do are governed by rules. These may be unwritten, like the rules of social politeness, or official laws passed by parliament and backed up by the legal system. But all rules and laws have the same purpose - to make it clear what is right or wrong, and what happens if someone breaks the rules. They are designed to ensure fairness, safety and respect for other people's rights. Most of us are basically honest, and knowing the rules means that we usually try to follow them. One reason we do this is to avoid punishment, but the strongest argument for following the rules is - quite simply - that it makes the world a better place for all of us. A) Answer the following questions: 1- What is the common purpose of all rules and laws? 2- What are the types of rules and laws mentioned in the passage? 3- In one sentence of your own, give your opinion about those who break the rules, and say why. B) Choose the correct answer: 4- Following the rules means that ---------------------. a) we get punished b) we avoid punishment c) we cause accidents d) we behave selfishly 5- The writer thinks that -------------------are honest. A) all of us b) none of us c) the majority of us d) the minority of us

( 37 ) Are supermarkets designed to persuade us to buy more? When you enter a supermarket, the manager knows better than you do how you will behave – which way you will walk, where you’ll look, what will make you buy one product rather than another. The layout of a supermarket is designed to take shoppers around the store, from left to right. Then, shoppers will pay attention to all the products. Fresh fruits and vegetables are shown near supermarket entrances. This gives the impression that only healthy food is sold in the shop. Basic foods that everyone buys, like sugar and tea, are not put next to each other. They are kept in different places so customers go past other attractive goods before they find them. In this way shoppers are encouraged to buy products that they do not really need. Customers also buy more when the shelves are full than they are half-empty. They do not like to buy from shelves with few products on them because they feel there is something wrong with those products. Answer the following questions: 1- What do supermarkets usually show near the entrance? Why? 2-What’s the aim of putting basic foods far from each other? 3-Why don't people buy from shelves with few products on them? 97 Choose the correct answer: 4-The best title of this text is ----------------------a) Supermarket owners b) Supermarket and children c) Successful supermarkets d) Supermarket entrances

5-The underlined word them refers to -------------------a) different places b) customers c) attractive foods

d) basic foods

( 38 ) Computers are a major technological breakthrough of the twenty first century. Their benefits are numerous. Yet, much can be said against them. The main disadvantage of a computer is that staring at a screen for long periods of time can be damaging to the eyes, and sitting for hours at a time is certainly not healthy. Secondly, computers distract from social interactions such as conversation. People can be inclined to become anti-social and stay at home to use their computer. Finally, One of the major arguments against the use of computers is that the more jobs which are done by computers, the fewer are done by people. However, the advantages of computers are numerous, such as the undeniable educational benefits, especially to children. School subjects become more interesting when presented on a computer screen. In addition, computers are valuable to any business, making life easier and saving time by being capable of storing and retrieving vast amounts of information at the touch of a button. Furthermore, personal gains can be seen as the use of computers increases powers of concentration. Answer the following questions: 1-How do computers affect social life? 2-In what way are computers beneficial to any business? 3-Find words in the passage which mean the following: a) important development or discovery b) find again or extract stored information Choose the correct answer: 4-Some people have the negative opinion about computers that they -------------. solve the problem of unemployment b) increase the number of unemployed people c) help people find more jobs d) create more job opportunities 5-Some people are for the use of computers because-----------------. a-they stare at the screen for a long time b- they sit for hours at a time c- computers distract them from social interactions d- computers increase powers of concentration

( 39 ) Johnny was three when he ran away from home for the first time. Somebody left the garden gate open. Johnny wandered out, crossed some fields and two hours later, arrived in the next village. He was just able to give his name and address. By the time he was seven, Johnny used to disappear from home two or three times a year. Generally the police brought him home. They used to ask him, “You aren’t happy at home, are you?”. Johnny answered, “Of course not. I just like travelling.” His parents and his teachers used to watch him closely. It is surprising that Johnny managed to get on board a plane. He was twelve at that time. A few hours later, Johnny found himself in Cairo. How did he get on board? No one knows! According to Johnny himself, it was easy: he just went into the airport and got on board the nearest plane. In spite of all this, Johnny did well at school. He enjoyed maths and languages. He was especially good at geography. Answer the following questions: 1- How often did Johnny disappear from home when he was seven? 2- Who used to watch him closely at home and at school? 98 3- According to Johnny, how did he manage to get on board the plane? B. Choose the correct answer: 4. Johnny ran away from home because ……………….. a) he was young b) he was unhappy c) he enjoyed travelling d) his parents beat him 5. When Johnny travelled to Cairo, he was …………….. years old

a) twelve

b) seven

c) eleven

d) three

( 40 ) Nearly everything we do in the modern world is controlled by computers. Computers are far more efficient than human beings and they have very good memories and can store huge amounts of information. In addition to that, computers can do calculations in a fraction of time and can do many of the things we do, but faster and more accurately. That is why computers are widely used nowadays. Computers are used in many fields such as the field of health, arts and science. In the field of health, we use computers a lot in medicine nowadays. With the help of computers, doctors can keep patients’ records on a computer and any information about the patient can be obtained quickly and easily, besides working out what is wrong with a patient or the best treatment to give him or her. In the field of science, computers are generally associated with the world of science, maths, history and literature. You tell the computer which subject you are interested in and it supplies you with information in seconds. A) Answer the following questions: 1- Why is the modern world controlled by computers? 2- How is computer helpful in the field of medicine? 3- Find words in the passage which mean: a) provide b) cure Choose the correct answer: 4- Computers can store ------------- amounts of information. a) few b) massive c) little d) a few 5- ------------- everything we do in the world is controlled by computers. a) Rarely b) Early c) Almost d) Never

( 41 ) Egypt has made rapid progress in education because the future prosperity of any country lies in the hands of its children. It is therefore necessary to give the children all the knowledge and ability they will need in order to serve their country well when they have grown up. That's why Egypt has opened schools and institutes for the blind, dumb and physically handicapped children. One thing that always strikes a visitor to the schools is the modern style of architecture and the up-to-date equipment. The science laboratories and gymnasiums are excellently equipped and assemble halls with a proper stage encourage cultural activities. The development of education for girls has probably made more rapid progress in Egypt . More educated women will want to work as secretaries, teachers, journalists or in offices and shops. The ministry of education has not forgotten the thousands of people who are too old to take advantage of this fine new system of schools. Many of these schools are used in the evening by adults. A. Answer the following questions: 1- What depends on the children of the country? 2- What is the school visitor always impressed by? 3- What will educated girls want to work? Choose the correct answer: 4- There are special schools for the ---------------99 Deaf b) dumb c) blind d)all mentioned 5- Many schools are used in the evening for the ---------------- education. a) adults’ b) children’s c) girls’ d) teenagers’

( 42 ) It was once believed that being overweight was healthy, but nowadays few people subscribe to this viewpoint. While many people are fighting the battle to reduce weight, studies are being conducted concerning appetite and how it is controlled by both emotional and biochemical factors. Some of the conclusions of these studies may help to understand how to deal with weight problems. For example, when several hundred people were asked about

their eating habits in times of stress, 44% said that they reacted to stressful situations by eating. A test in which subjects were blindfolded showed that obese people have a keener sense of taste and crave more flavorful food than non-obese people. When deprived of the variety and intensity of tastes, these people are not satisfied and consequently eat more to fulfill this need. Blood samples taken from people after they were shown a picture of food revealed that overweight people reacted with an increase in blood insulin, a chemical associated with appetite. This did not happen with average-weight people. Answer the following questions: 1- According to the text, how does a large percentage of people deal with stress? 2- What does the underlined word “this” refer to? 3- Why is overweight no longer thought of as healthy? Choose the correct answer: 4-In the past, people believed that overweight was-----------a)something good b)something bad c)unhealthy d)undesirable 5-Some scientists believe that appetite is influenced by ---------------factors. a)biographic b)biochemical c)bacterial d)botanical

( 43 ) Today, many people use natural ways to cure illnesses that don’t cause side effects. ‘Acupuncture’ and ‘biofeedback’ are two popular methods. Doctors have been using ‘acupuncture’ in China for over two thousand years. It involves pushing needles into the skin at special points around the body. Ancient Chinese philosophers believed that they were connected to different organs and could cure diseases. Doctors in China have used ‘acupuncture’ in major operations. Scientists think that the needles make the body produce a chemical called ‘endorphin’ that helps to reduce the feeling of pain. ‘Biofeedback’ uses a technology to help people control their internal organs. For example, if a person has a problem with sleeping, he/she is connected to a special computer that shows the activity of the brain. The person then is asked to do some mental exercises to relax. When the brain activity falls and the person is relaxed, the computer makes a noise. Slowly, the person learns what type of mental exercise can help him/her to reduce the activity of the brain. A. Answer the following questions: 1- Why do many people prefer ‘acupuncture’ and ‘biofeedback’ to cure diseases? 2-‘Biofeedback’ uses a technology to help people control their internal organs. Explain. 3- What does the underlined word ‘they’ refer to? B. Choose the correct answer: 4- Endorphin ………. The feeling of pain. a. increases b. grows c. decreases d. expands 5- A person who has problems with sleeping is connected to a special computer to…… a. do written exercises b. show the activity of the brain c. try to relax d. do mental exercises 100