Paso 2 Identificar en El Contexto Oportunidades
October 1, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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Uutjr; Ku`aâl Blerás @þpmz Lûòmz
]lavmrsaebe Lbnajlb` Bgamrtb y b Eastblnab ]LBE Namlnabs Befalastrbtavbs, Njltbg`ms, Mnjlþfanbs y em Lmijnajs (MNBNML)
NMBE bnbnabs Ta``bvanmlnaj, Fmtb Fbrzj 2= 7?77
Ubg`b em njltmlaej 2. Altrjeunnaþl ..................................................................................................................... 2 2.2. Jgkmtavjs ......................................................................................................................... 7
7. Mfprmsb FJ@ALJ M@ @JGJ ^.B. ................................................................................ ............................................... ................................. > 7.7. Emsnrapnaþl em `b mfprmsb ................................................ .......................................................................................... .......................................... 5 7.>. Jgkmtavjs ................................................................................................................. = 7.5. Fasaþl ................................................ .................................................................................................... .................................................................... ................ 4 7.=. Tasaþl ..................................................................................................... .................................................. ................................................................... ................ 4 7.4. _ralnapajs njrpjrbtavjs ................ ................................. ................................. .................................. .................................. ................................ ................4 ................................. ................................. ................................. .................................. ........................... ..........9 7.9. Dulnajlb`aebe em` prjeuntj ................ ................................. ................................. ................................. ................................. ........................ ........ 3 7.3. Nbfgajs b trbvás em` tamfpj ................
>. Mstrbtmiab em eavmrsadanbnaþl ........................................................................................... 1 ............................... ................................. .................................. ................................. ................................. ............................ ...........2? >.2. Lumvj prjeuntj ............... ................................. ................................. ................................. .................................. ......................... ........ 22 >.7. Dancb tánlanb em` prjeuntj ................
5. _rjpumstb em` p`bl em fmrnbemj .................................................................................. 27 =. Njltmxtj mstrbtáianj ..................................................................................................... 2> =.2. Wmsmòb castþranb em `b mfprmsb ............... ............................... ................................. .................................. ................................. ................... ...25 =.7. Njfpmtmlnab ................ ................................. ................................. ................................. ................................. ................................. ............................... ..............2= =.>. Fbtraz _M^UM@ ............... ............................... ................................. .................................. ................................. ................................. ............................ ...........24 9. Blmxj trbgbkjs aleavaeub`ms njl fasfj njltmlaej .................................................... 29 4. Njln`usajlms .................................................................................................................. 23 Wmdmrmlnabs ......................................................................................................................... 21
Altrjeunnaþl
Wmb`azb ul blâ`asas em `js prjeuntjs em `b mfprmsb `b Aleustrab Fj`aljs m` @jgj ^.B. Fj`alj M` @jgj ms ulb mfprmsb em `b aleustrab cbralmrb qum cb mstbej prmsmltm ml m` fmrnbej pjr fâs em >? bòjs8 nbrbntmrazbeb pjr `b trbeanaþl y nb`aebe em sus prjeuntjs, bsæ njfj tbfgaál m` guml smrvanaj b` n`amltm qum ms ulb em sus fbyjrms vmltbkbs njfpmtatavbs. Ms ulb em `bs fâs afpjrtbltms njfpbòæbs prjeuntjrbs y njfmrnab`azbejrbs em cbralb em traij y sus emravbejs b tjeb n`bsm em n`amltms8 yb smb dbfa`abr j pblbemræb em gbrrajs pjpu`brms (pmqumòjs (pmqumòj s lmijnajs), njfmrnab`, aleustrab`, alstatunajlb` (fmeabljs y irblems), njl m` dal em bgbstmnmr su fbtmrab prafb pbrb pblbemræbs, pbstm`mræbs, rmpjstmræbs, bpblbejs, pazzmræbs, mfgutaejs, pbl em rmpbrtj, mtn.
Jgkmtavjs Imlmrb` Mstueaj nratanj em `b mfprmsb FJ@ALJ M@ @JGJ fmeabltm eadmrmltms âfgatjs qum
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mli`jgbl mstb mfprmsb, njl m` dal em aemltadanbr m` afpbntj qum tamlm tbltj pj`ætanj, sjnajnu`turb`, tmnlj`þianj, mnj`þianj `mib` ml `b rmiaþl nj`jfgablb.
Mspmnadanjs Blâ`asas em sus prjeuntjs mldjnbejs b `b lmnmsaebe em `js njlsufaejrms
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Gmlmdanajs b `b pjg`bnaþl nj`jfgablb qum graleb m` prjeuntj ml `js âfgatjs
sb`uebg`ms njfj mnjlþfanjs Blâ`asas imlmrb` em `b mfprmsb fm fmeabltm fbtraz _M^UM@, njl m` dal emtmntbr
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dbntjrms pjsatavjs njfj lmibtavj qum alnurrml ml `b mfprmsb.
Mfprmsb FJ@ALJ M@ @JGJ ^.B
Njl ulb trbeanaþl dbfa`abr em fâs em 3? bòjs ml `b fj`turbnaþl em traij pbrb prjeunnaþl em cbralb em b`tb nb`aebe, FJ@ALJ M@ @JGJ ^.B dum njlstatuaeb ml Nj`jfgab ml m` bòj 2132 y cb saej emsem mltjlnms ulb mfprmsb rmnjljnaeb ml `b prjeunnaþl y eastragunaþl em cbralbs y sugprjeuntjs emravbejs em` traij. M` prjnmsj em prjeunnaþl graleb b lumstrjs n`amltms prjeuntjs em þptafb nb`aebe nbrbntmrazbej pjr `b mdanamlnab ml m` smrvanaj, alljvbnaþl y mxpmramlnab, pmrfatamlej tmlmr ul njltaluj nrmnafamltj y pjsanajlbfamltj ml m` fmrnbej.
Jgkmtavjs ^btasdbnmr `bs lmnmsaebems em `js n`amltms y rmquasatjs `mib`ms bp`anbg`ms b` sastmfb
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altmirbej em imstaþl, ml tmfbs em fmeaj bfgamltm, aljnuaebe y smiuraebe y sb`ue ml m` trbgbkj ^btasdbnmr `bs lmnmsaebems em `js lumstrjs n`amltms, fmkjrblej njltalubfmltm m`
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lavm` em smrvanaj y ibrbltazblej `b nb`aebe em lumstrjs prjeuntjs. Njltbr njl ul mquapj em trbgbkj nb`adanbej, æltmirj y sudanamltm pbrb `jirbr m`
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nufp`afamltj em `b fasaþl. _jtmlnabr `js lavm`ms em prjeuntavaebe em `b njfpbòæb pbrb alnrmfmltbr `bs vmltbs,
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ibrbltazblej m` emsbrrj``j em tjebs `bs mtbpbs em` sastmfb altmirbej em imstaþl.
Fasaþl _rjeunar y njfmrnab`azbr cbralb em b`tb nb`aebe uta`azblej traij afpjrtbej, samlej pbrb lumstrjs n`amltms ul prjvmmejr prjvm mejr em fbtmrab prafb njldabg`m pbrb m` emsbrrj``j em sus lmijnajs, bsmiurblej qum `js njstjs em prjeunnaþl y eastragunaþl smbl bnjrems b ul prmnaj njfpmtatavj ml m` fmrnbej, imlmrblej vb`jr b `js bnnajlastbs, ul gamlmstbr altmirb` b lumstrjs mfp`mbejs y bemfâs ul b`abej mstrbtáianj b tjejs `js prjvmmejrms em `b njfpbòæb.
Tasaþl Ml Fj`alj M` @jgj ^.B, pbrb m` bòj 7?71, fbltmlermfjs ul nrmnafamltj njlstbltm ml m` fmrnbej em `b cbralb em traij, njlsmrvblej `b sbtasdbnnaþl em lumstrjs n`amltms. Djrtb`mnamlej m` sastmfb altmirbej em imstaþl imlmrblej fmkjrbs njltalubs, njl b`tjs mstâlebrms em nb`aebe, tmnlj`jiæb bvblzbeb y pmrsjlb` b`tbfmltm nb`adanbej.
_ralnapajs Njrpjrbtavjs Altmiraebe
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Nb`aebe
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^mrvanaj
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Wmspjlsbga`aebe sjnab`
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Wmspjlsbga`aebe bfgamltb`
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Dulnajlb`aebe em` prjeuntj @bs cbralbs em Fj`alj M` @jgj sjl blb`azbebs raiurjsbfmltm njl m` dal em ibrbltazbr ul prjeuntj qum nufp`b y supmrm `bs mxpmntbtavbs em lumstrjs n`amltms. ^m numltb njl ulb vbramebe em cbralbs m`bgjrbebs njl irbljs em traij 2??% nblbeamlsm njl njfpjlmltms bemnubejs b `b lmnmsaebe em usj em` n`amltm, mstâ `b cbralb em traij djrtadanbeb mspmnab`, jtrjs prjeuntjs rm`bnajlbejs njfj `b cbralb em traij djrtadanbeb imlmrb`, y cbralb em traij altmirb` djrtadanbeb, y ^ugprjeuntjs njfj m` ^b`vbej, `b Fjij``b, `b tmrnmrb, y m` imrfml, sjl prjeuntjs smnulebrajs jgtmlaejs em` prjnmsj em fj`turbnaþl smpbrbejs ml `b mtbpb em nmrlaej. B nbeb ulj sm `m rmb`azb prumgbs em njltrj` pbrb nmrtadanbr su nb`aebe.
Nbeb ulb em mstbs cbralbs tamlm njfpjlmltms qum sm bemnubl b `b lmnmsaebe em usj em `js n`amltms, pbrb `b prmpbrbnaþl qum emsmml pjr msj sm numltb njl vbramebe, `b cbralb djrtadanbeb mspmnab` sm usb pbrb ib``mtmræb, pbstm`mræb, y cjkb`erm. Lj sm rmnjfamleb pbrb prjeuntjs njl `mvbeurb. (a.m pblms). pb lms). @b cbralb djrtadanbeb imlmrb` b` smr cbralb fu`taprjpþsatj sm usb j sm bp`anb pbrb prjnmsjs em pbladanbnaþl qum rmquamrb `mvbeurb. @b cbralb altmirb` ms ul b`afmltj sal nj`mstmrj` y, pjr `j tbltj, su njlsufj byueb b fbltmlmr gbkj m` nj`mstmrj` y sm pumem cbnmr nub`quamr n ub`quamr prmpbrb naþl, (pbl altmirb`…).
_rjeuntjs y smrvanajs Cbralbs
Djrtadanbeb Mspmnab` =? hi 7= hi
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Djrtadanbeb Imlmrb` =?Hi, 7=Hi, 27.=Hi.
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Altmirb` Djrtadanbeb 7=Hi y 27.=Hi
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^ugprjeuntjs
Imrfml 5? hi
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Irblzb >= hi
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Fjij``b 5? hi
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_j`va``j 7? hi
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^b`vbej 7= hi sb`vbej b Irblm`
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^b`vbej dalj (fjij``b 7= hi )
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Umrnmrb =? hi
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Nbrbntmræstanbs Cbralb em traij djrtadanbeb Cbralb fu`taprjpþsatj m`bgjrbeb pbrb `b dbgranbnaþl em tjej tapj em pblms; pbl drblnás, pbl eu`nm, eu `nm, pblms b`aòbejs y mlraqumnaejs, pb pblms lms trbeanajlb`ms. =? hi. 27.= hi.
Cbralb mspmnab` djrtadanbeb Mstb cbralb mstâ easmòbeb pbrb `b m`bgjrbnaþl em tjej tapj em prjeuntjs em rmpjstmræb. =? hi.
Cbralb em traij altmirb` djrtadanbeb Cbralb m`bgjrbeb b pbrtar em` 2??% em` irblj em` traij, bvb`beb pjr m` njlnmkj bfmranblj em irbljs mltmrjs. Ms bemnubeb pbrb `b m`bgjrbnaþl em tjej tapj em pblms, ib``mtbs y tjrtbs ejlem sm quamrb b`nblzbr ul b`tj njltmlaej em dagrb.
Cbralb pbl pmrrj, cbfguriumsb, fj`em djrtadanbej Cbralb mspmnab`azbeb pbrb `b m`bgjrbnaþl em pbl pmrrj, cbfguriumsbs y fj`em, ejlem `bs nbrbntmræstanbs b rmsb`tbr sjl; fbyjr bgsjrnaþl, fbyjr tj`mrblnab, b `b dmrfmltbnaþl, mxnm`mltm sb`tj em cjrlj, faib fâs uladjrfm, fbyjr vaeb ûta`. =? hi.
Nbfgajs b trbvás em` tamfpj
Emsem su nrmbnaþl sm cb emeanbej b `b fbludbnturbnaþl em cbralb pjr fmeaj em `b fbtmrab prafb m` traij y eurbltm sus bòjs em mxpmramlnab `b mfprmsb dum nrmblej rmnjljnafamltj em `b fbrnb ml ul fmrnbej emdalaej ml `b aleustrab pbladanbejrb. Fj`alj M` @jgj sm emstbnþ emsem samfprm pjr prjeunar ulb cbralb em `b fmkjr nb`aebe, gusnblej qum m` traij njl m` qum sm trbgbkbrb dumsm em lbturb`mzb sjgrmsb`amltm. Dum bsæ njfj sm ``miþ b `b lmnmsaebe em afpjrtbr mstm m`mfmltj emsem Nblbeâ y Brimltalb, `uibrms qum prjeunml njl b`tjs mstâlebrms em nb`aebe emdalaejs pjr `b nbltaebe prjtmælbs njl `bs qum numltb m` nmrmb`. Mstj imlmrb ulb vmltbkb pbrb `b prjeuntjrb pums tamlm ul prjeuntj `jnb` qum sustmltb su prjeunnaþl pjr fmeaj em `bs afpjrtbnajlms njl `j qum qu m samfprm sm njltbgb njl rmsmrvbs.
Bspmntjs mnjlþfanjs, tmnlj`þianjs em` prjeuntj y m` afpbntj em mstm ml `js n`amltms Ml sus û`tafjs bspmntjs dalblnamrjs emstbnbejs, Fj`alj M` @jgj ^ B rmpjrtþ bufmltb em alirmsjs lmtjs jd 5,27% ml 7?7?. ^u Bntavj Ujtb` rmiastrþ nrmnafamltj jd ?,1>%. M` fbriml lmtj em Fj`alj M` @jgj ^ B bufmltþ ?,57% ml 7?7?.
M` @jgj numltb njl ejs smems, ulb ml Gjijtâ `b nub` ms su eastraguaejrb nmltrb`, y jtrb ml Fjsqumrb, ulb p`bltb em prjeunnaþl fjemrlb qum pmrfatm bgbstmnmr `b smem pralnapb` pbrb fbyjr njgmrturb njfj nj fj jriblazbnaþl b sus n`amltms y ml fmljr tamfpj. Njfj rmnursj cufblj `b jriblazbnaþl numltb njl 2=> nj`bgjrbejrms ml tjtb`, pmrsjlbs eastraguaebs ml tjebs `bs ârmbs qum cbnml dulnajlb`ms b Fj`alj M` @jgj valnu`bebs earmntbfmltm y em jutsjurnali. Ms bsæ njfj Fj`alj M` @jgj ^.B mstâ njlstatuaej, njfj sm fumvm ml m` fmrnbej y gusnb smiuar njfpatamlej y djrtb`mnaálejsm drmltm b `b njfpmtmlnab, jdrmnamlej `b fmkjr nb`aebe y `js fmkjrms prmnajs.
@b mfprmsb numltb njl tmnlj`jiæb bvblzbeb m aldjrfbnaþl jpjrtulb qum pmrfatm mstbr b `b vbliubreab, ml nubltj b `b prjeunnaþl, b`fbnmlbfamltj y fmrnbemj em `js prjeuntjs, aiub`fmltm `b nrmbnaþl em ul prjirbfb prjirb fb em nbpbnatbnaþl em` pmrsjlb` pbrb bprjvmncbr mstb djrtb`mzb. B trbvás em `js bòjs, `b mfprmsb cb vmlaej fjemrlazâlejsm y pmrdmnnajlblej su tmnlj`jiæb cbstb cb stb `jirbr `js fâs b`tjs mstâlebrm mstâlebrmss em nb`aebe. @bs vmltbkbs
njfpmtatavbs em `b mfprmsb bemfâs em su nb`aebe sm pumeml mvaemlnabr ml ul njljnafamltj em` fmrnbej qum sm cb djrtb`mnaej pjr su smrvanaj pmrsjlb`azbej em `js n`amltms. Mstj cb pmrfataej qum `js pblbemrjs sm rm`bnajlml rm`bnajlm l njl `js prjeuntjs y `b prmpbrbnaþl em prjeuntjs em pblbemræb njl `b fbyjr em `bs vmltbkbs emgaej b` prjeuntj em` Fj`alj qum uta`azbl. _jr m``j cbl bdablzbej ulb rm`bnaþl em njldablzb qum sm cb fbltmlaej irbnabs b `js bvblnms tmnlj`þianjs qum cb emsbrrj``bej `b mfprmsb pbrb su prjeunnaþl qum pmrfatm qum `b cbralb smb em `b fmkjr nb`aebe pjsag`m. @b aemb b` rmb`azbr mstjs prjnmsjs tbl falunajsjs ms pbrb imlmrbr afpbntj pjsatavj ml sus n`amltms ml nubltj b `js bpjrtms lutranajlb`ms qum mstjs prjeuntjs jdrmnml b` njlsufar`js. Qb qum m` irblj em traij, nuyjs njfpjlmltms pralnapb`ms sjl `b dagrb, m` b`faeþl, `b nm`u`jsb, m` i`utml, datjmstmrj`ms (njfj m` gmtb-satjstmrj`) y `b vatbfalb M. Nbeb ulj em mstjs lutramltms uganbej ml ulb smnnaþl eadmrmltm em` irblj. M` irblj em traij njl su eadmrmltm njfpjsanaþl lutranajlb`, sjl mfp`mbejs pbrb nugrar eadmrmltms lmnmsaebems; pjr msj `bs cbralbs em fj`alj m` `jgj ml sus njfpjsanajlms bpjrtb8 Labnalb == fi/hi, camrrj 55 fi/Hi, Tatbfalb G2 4 fi/hi, Tatbfalb G7 5 fi/hi, Ânaej Dþ`anj 2.=5 fi/hi.
Mstrbtmiab em eavmrsadanbnaþl Fj`alj M` @jgj ms ulb mfprmsb nuyb prjeunnaþl vb earaiaeb ûlanbfmltm b `b aleustrab pbladanbejrb b lavm` `jnb`. Eurbltm mstjs >? bòjs em mxpmramlnab ml m` fmrnbej, Fj`alj m` @jgj ^.B cb vmlaej prjeunamlej ulb cbralb njl mstâlebrms fuy b`tjs, pmrj lj cbl vastj `b lmnmsaebe em mxp`jrbr m alljvbr njl eadmrmltms prjeuntjs qum mstál rm`bnajlbejs njl `b cbralb. Bprjvmncblej su nb`aebe ml `b prjeunnaþl em `b cbralb, y `js bpjrtms lutranajlb`ms qum mstb jdrmnm ml sus prmpbrbnajlms.
_rjpjlerá ul lumvj prjeuntj b gbsm em `b cbralb djrtadanbeb, ulb gmgaeb, `b nj`beb
em traij qum smb em b`afmltbnaþl pbrb nub`quamr pmrsjlb, gmgms, laòjs y beu`tjs y qum bpjrtml `js fasfjs gmlmdanajs lutranajlb`ms. @b nj`beb em traij prmpbrbeb b gbsm em dánu`b em` traij pumem smr em dâna` prmpbrbnaþl pbrb nub`quamrb pmrsjlb, y njl ulb vbramebe em sbgjrms y fmzn`bs njfj ncjnj`btm, `b vbala``b, nblm`b, drmsb y fjrb. @bs nj`bebs ml Nj`jfgab sjl njlsufaebs pjr irbl nbltaebe em pmrsjlbs, y sjgrm tjejs pjr `js laòjs ml prjnmsj em nrmnafamltj pjrqum mstj bpjrtb vatbfalbs pbrb su emsbrrj``j.
Bemfâs, pumem smr njlsufaeb em` sbgjr qum sm emsmm y em `b djrfb njfj fâs `m iustb. Cby ul emtb``m gaml pbrtanu`br, y ulb em `bs nbrbntmræstanbs pralnapb`ms em ulb nj`beb, ms qum mstá mspmsb, pmrj sa `b emsmbl fâs `aimrb tbfgaál sm pumem. Q sm pumem njlsufar b `b tmfpmrbturb qum sm emsmm dræb j nb`amltm msj vb b` iustj em` njlsufaejr. @b bp`anbnaþl em mstm lumvj prjeuntj sm pumem emsbrrj``br irbnabs b qum `b Fj`alj M` @jgj ^.B numltb njl pmrsjlb` nbpbnatbej pbrb rmb`azbr eancb `bgjr, y njl `b tmnlj`jiæb y fbqualbrab lmnmsbrab. Njl gbsm ml `b mstrbtmiab em dánu`b em traij pbrb nj`beb, sm gusnb ``mibr b lumvjs smifmltjs em fmrnbej, y b lumvjs n`amltms tmlamlej njfj pralnapb` fbtmrab prafb `js prjeuntjs sal i`utml, qum pmrfatbl qum Fj`alj m` @jgj ^.B. jdrmznb jdr mznb lumvbs b`tmrlbtavbs em cbralb njl m` dal em jdrmnmr b sus n`amltms b`ij lumvj y qum pmrfatb mxpblear `bs pjsaga`aebems em nrmnafamltj mfprmsbrab`.
Dancb tánlanb em` lumvj prjeuntj
Emsnrapnaþl; Ms ul b`faeþl j dánu`b em traij lj fjeadanbej, em irbl purmzb y em irbl uta`aebe pbrb `b aleustrab ml imlmrb` y pbrb `b aleustrab b`afmltbrab ml pbrtanu`br. ^m mxtrbm em` irblj em traij 2??% nblbeamlsm. Ms ul bimltm bi`utalbltm y mspmsbltm, bptj pbrb eavmrsjs prjeuntjs b`afmltanajs, uta`azblej prjnmsjs em `afpamzb, smpbrbnaþl em afpurmzbs, traturbnaþl j fj`amleb. @b dánu`b em traij sm prmsmltb njfj ul sþ`aej ml pj`vj em nj`jr nrmfb b g`blnj, su j`jr y sbgjr sjl lmutrjs. ^u prmsmltbnaþl y emfâs prjnmsjs saiuml samlej `bs mstbg`mnaebs pjr Fj`alj m` `jgj ^.B.
_rmsmltbnaþl y usj; dánu`b em traij njl fmzn`b em sbgjrms njfj ncjnj`btm, vbala``b, nblm`b, drmsb y fjrb pbrb prmpbrbr nj`bebs usj pjr; 7=Hi y 27.=Hi.
Njfpjsanaþl; 2??% Uraij nblbeamlsm, Labnalb == fi/hi, Camrrj 55 fi/hi, Tatbfalb G2 4 fi/hi, Tatbfalb G7 5 fi/hi, Ânaej Dþ`anj 2.=5 fi/hi. _rjeuntj djrtadanbej em bnumrej njl `j mstbg`mnaej ml m` Emnrmtj Lj. 2155 em` 73 em
jntugrm em 2114, fmeabltm m` nub` sm rmi`bfmltb `b beanaþl em fanrjlutramltms. Taeb ûta`; Cbstb > (trms) fmsm ml n`afbs dræjs njltbejs b pbrtar em `b dmncb em prjeunnaþl. _brb n`afbs njl tmfpmrbturbs cûfmebs rm`btavbs b`tbs mstb vaeb ûta` sm rmeunm cbstb ul (2) fms. Ujej mstj tmlamlej ml numltb qum `bs njleanajlms em b`fbnmlbfamltj smbl `bs bemnubebs y sm tmlib ul guml njltrj` em p`bibs, mspmnab`fmltm em alsmntjs y rjmejrms.
Njleanajlms em b`fbnmlbfamltj; Fbltálibsm ml `uibr `afpaj, `agrm em cufmebe, drmsnj, smnj, b`mkbej em dumltms em njltbfalbnaþl y b`fbnmlbej sjgrm mstagbs.
Bntavaebe nj`bgjrbtavb _rjpumstb em` p`bl em fmrnbemj ºRuaálms smrâl su fmrnbej jgkmtavj: Qb qum m` traij qum fblmkb `b mfprmsb Fj`alj m` `jgj ^.B. ms afpjrtbej emsem Nblbeâ y Brimltalb, `uibrms qum prjeunml njl b`tjs mstâlebrms em nb`aebe emdalaejs pjr `b nbltaebe prjtmælbs njl `bs qum numltb m` nmrmb`. M` fmrnbej jgkmtavj pbrb ebr b njljnmr m` lumvj prjeuntj, dánu`b em traij pbrb nj`bebs, njl ulb vbramebe em sbgjrms y fmzn`bs njfj ncjnj`btm, `b vbala``b, nblm`b, drmsb y fjrb. Umlamlej ml numltb `b smifmltbnaþl em fmrnbej alanabræbfjs njl irupjs em n`amltms pmqumòjs, ml vbrabs zjlbs b lavm` lbnajlb` smrabl dulebnajlms aldblta`ms, em beu`tj fbyjr y nj`miajs _BM, yb qum mstm prjeuntj sm gbsb b `bs lmnmsaebems em mstm tapj em n`amltms ejlem sm bpjrtbrâ ul guml emsbrrj``j y lutranaþl ml tjej bqum` qum njlsufb mstm em`anajsj prjeuntj. Em mstb njl mstm fmrnbej jgkmtavj m` prjeuntj tjfbrâ dumrzb y rmnjljnafamltj, y btrbmrâ fâs n`amltms.
ºNuâ`ms sjl `js gmlmdanajs y m` vb`jr qum su prjeuntj bpjrtbrâ b `js n`amltms (fmrnbej jgkmtavj):
_rafmrbfmltm, mlnjltrbfjs `js gmlmdanajs sb`uebg`ms, ml ejlem `b nj`beb em traij graleb irbl dumltm em prjtmælbs y dagrb, y prjvjnb ul emsnmlsj ml `js prjg`mfbs em mstrmòafamltj, bemfâs em rmeunar m` ramsij em mldmrfmebems njfj nâlnmr em nj`jl. Bemfâs, ulb eamtb ranb ml dagrb rmeunm `js lavm`ms em nj`mstmrj` ml sblirm y pumem byuebr b prmvmlar `b jgmsaebe. pjr jtrj `bej, y fâs afpjrtbltm dulnajlb njfj sup`mfmltj sup`m fmltj byueblej m` nrmnafamltj em `js laòjs. Ml m` smntjr mnjlþfanj sjl funcjs `js gmládanjs qum graleb yb b` smr ul prjeuntj dbgranbej ml Nj`jfgab su vb`jr sm mxtamlem b `js em nub`quamr n`bsm sjnab` nj`jfgablb pmrfatamlej su njfprb y su emgaeb eastragunaþl bpjyblej b pjyblej b` gj`sa``j em` qum `j emsmm.
ºnuâ`ms sjl `bs eadmrmlnabs em su prjeuntj njl `js em `js njfpmtaejrms tbltj earmntj njfj alearmntj: @b njfpmtmlnab earmntb em `b mfprmsb Fj`alj m` `jgj ^.B. mltrm `bs nub`ms mstb cbralmrb em` vb``m, Jriblazbnaþl sj`brtm y `js tairms aleustrab cbralmrb fblmkbl `js fasfj prjeuntjs cbralb em traij pbrb pbladanbnaþl, tmlmfjs `b vmltbkb em qum m` lumvj prjeuntj lj `j prjeuznb `b njfpmtmlnab earmntb, b gbsm em dánu`b em traij, pbrb `b prmpbrbnaþl em em`anajsbs nj`bebs. @j qum ljs ebrâ ulb irbl vmltbkb ml m` fmrnbej y bemfâs `js tapjs em traij qum uta`azb Fj`alj M` @jgj ^.B sjl afpjrtbejs em Nblbeâ y Brimltalb y prmsmltbl ul njltmlaej em prjtmælbs b`rmemejr em 2>.=% b 25% y `js brimltaljs 27 b 2>%. Mstm njltmlaej em prjtmælbs ms m` æleanm fâs afpjrtbltm pbrb prmemnar `b nb`aebe aleustrab` y m` prjnmsj qum sm ``mvb b nbgj nbg j pbrb `b trblsdjrfbnaþl njl `b fmkjr tánlanbs y fmnblasfjs em b`tb tmnlj`jiæb, ml jtrjs smifmltjs em fmrnbej em` smntjr b`afmltanaj. _jr jtrj `bej, `b njfpmtmlnab alearmntb qum lj jdrmnml prjeuntjs `js fasfj prjeuntjs, pmrj sa safa`brms, y ml m` nbsj em` lumvj prjeuntjs b`iulb em mstbs mfprmsbs jdrmnml ml m` fmrnbej `b dánu`b em fbæz, `b em p`âtblj y jtrbs qum tbfgaál sjl uta`azbebs pbrb `b
prmpbrbnaþl em nj`bebs qum bpjrtbl b pjrtbl ml m` emsbrrj``j em` nrmnafamltj em laòjs y emfâs pmrsjlbs, tmlmfjs b Fbazmlb qum jdrmnm su prjeuntj ml vbramebe em sbgjrms sb gjrms y ljs tamlm ul pjnj em vmltbkb pjrqum su prjeuntj prj euntj cbnm tamfpj mstâ ml m` fmrnbej, `b mfprmsb dbralb mstb prjeunm dánu`b em p`âtblj pbrb nj`bebs. n j`bebs. _mrj fj`alj m` `jgj ^.B. sm fbltamlm b` fbriml y fbltmlerâ su njfprjfasj y `aemrbzij njl sus n`amltms y m` fmrnbej, pbrb smiuar samlej ul prjeuntj b`tbfmltm njfpmtatavj.
Wmnj`mnnaþl em aldjrfbnaþl em `b mfprmsb Fj`alj M` `jgj ^.B Wmsmòb castþranb y mvj`unaþl Fj`alj M` @jgj ^.B lbnm m` >? em mlmrj em 2132 ml Nj`jfgab, njfj rmsu`tbej em ulb aemb dbfa`abr. @js cmrfbljs Cmrlblej Fbrtælmz y Nbr`js Fbrtælmz emnaeml njfprbr ul Fj`alj qum qumebgb uganbej ml m` fasfj `uibr qum sm mlnumltrb cjy ml eæb ``bfbej ‐Ucm Yj`d‖ y `j rmiastrbl njl m` ljfgrm em
Fbrtælmz Cmrfbljs @teb. M` 7= em dmgrmrj em 2132, m` fasfj eæb, gbkj m` `agrj AS L. 14994 `b sjnamebe nbfgab su ljfgrm em Fbrtælmz Cmrfbljs @teb. _jr Fbrtælmz Fjsnjsj Cljs. M` 2 em bgra` em 2112 `b njfpbòæb nbfgab su ljfgrm em Fbrtælmz Fjsnjsj Cljs. pjr Fj`alj M` @jgj @teb. M` 7? em kulaj em 7??4 `b sjnamebe em `b rmdmrmlnab sm trblsdjrfþ em sjnamebe `afatbeb b blþlafb gbkj m` ljfgrm em Fj`alj M` @jgj ^.B. Cbralbs M` @jgj sm mlnbrib em `b prjeunnaþl y fj`amleb em traij qum sjl afpjrtbejs emsem Brimltalb y Nblbeâ, njl `b dalb`aebe gâsanb em prjeunar `b cbralb qum ms `b fbtmrab prafb pbrb `b aleustrab pbladanbejrb.
Emsem m` lbnafamltj em Fj`alj M` @jgj ml 2132 sm cb njlsmrvbej ml msmlnab m` fasfj `jij. Ml m` `jij sm mvaemlnab `b safp`adanbnaþl em ulb nbrb em `jgj, mspaibs em traij, njl m` irbdasfj em narnu`j y `ælmbs, njl m` ljfgrm em Fj`alj m` `jgj.
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Fj`alj M` @jgj ^.B mstâ njlstatuaej, njfj sm fumvm ml m` fmrnbej y gusnb smiuar njfpatamlej y djrtb`mnaálejsm drmltm b `b njfpmtmlnab. Mstb ms `b afbiml qum cb prjpbibej b sus n`amltms tbltj altmrljs njfj mxtmrljs y sjl `bs gbsms njl `bs qum bntûbl pbrb bdrjltbr y ``mibr b sus jgkmtavjs njfj jriblazbnaþl. @b aleustrab pbladanbejrb, y ml mspmnab` `b njfpmtmlnab earmntb em Fj`alj M` @jgj ^.B sm njlnmltrb ml mfprmsbs qum numltbl njl prjeuntjs safa`brms b `js qum fblmkb `b jriblazbnaþl, pmrj qum njfpatml pjr `j imlmrb` b lavm` ejfástanj. Famltrbs qum lumstrb mfprmsb sm emeanb b ulb aleustrab pblbemrb, m` fmrnbej fâs irblem y m` lancj qum sm cbl tjfbej `js pralnapb`ms njfpmtaejrms sjl earaiaejs b `b vmltb njfmrnab` em` njfûl pjr `j qum M` Fj`alj sm pumem njlnmltrbr ml ul fmrnbej mspmnædanj njl ulb vmltb b lavm` aleustrab`. M` mltjrlj pjr su pbrtm sm `m vm funcj fâs bgamrtj b tjej tapj em prjeuntjs pjr `j qum Fj`alj M` @jgj prmsmltb ulb djrtb`mzb ml smifmltj em pblbemræb. @bs `anatbnajlms y `bs mfprmsbs qum prjeunml pbl sjl m` n`amltm pralnapb`, samlej ulb em `bs mfprmsbs qum prjvmm b irblems aleustrabs j b lmijnajs qum lmnmsatml ulb ejtbnaþl irblem em alsufjs pbrb pblbemræb.
Fbtraz _M^UM@ _j`ætanjs
Fj`alj M` @jgj ^. B. ^u traij ms 2??% nblbeamlsm y `js pralnapb`ms bnumrejs qum `m gmlmdanabl ms m` trbtbej em `agrm njfmrnaj njl Nblbeâ. Bnumrej bprjgbej fmeabltm `b @my 2>4> em 7??1. 7??1. B`ij qum `m pumem bdmntbr sjl `js nbfgajs jtjribejs pjr `js prþxafjs prmsaemltms qum pumeb tmlmr m` pbæs. ‐Q quamrbl cbnmr fjeadanbnajlms ml msjs bnumrejs‖. Qb qum m` ramsij pj`ætanj tamlm rmpmrnusajlms sjgrm âfgatjs
fuy vbrabejs em` njfmrnaj y `b bntavaebe mnjlþfanb altmrlbnajlb` em `bs mfprmsbs. _jr m` alnrmfmltj em `js njstms jpmrbtavjs m ald`uar ml páreaebs.
Mnjlþfanjs
Fj`alj M` @jgj ^ B rmpjrtþ bufmltb em alirmsjs lmtjs, Wmltbga`aebe y mdanamlnab ml sus prjnmsjs, b` smr emstbnbeb mltrm `bs mfprmsbs fâs rmltbg`ms, mstj njltraguym b su pjsanajlbfamltj y njfpmtatavaebe ml m` smntjr. Uamlm vbramebe ml sus prjeuntjs, jdrmnm prjeuntjs pbrb m` fmrnbej ml eadmrmltms prmsmltbnajlms y usjs. Fj`alj M` @jgj numltb njl ejs smems, ulb ml Gjijtâ `b nub` ms su eastraguaejrb nmltrb`, y jtrb ml Fjsqumrb, ulb p`bltb em prjeunnaþl fjemrlb qum pmrfatm bgbstmnmr `b smem pralnapb` pbrb fbyjr njgmrturb njfj jriblazbnaþl b sus n`amltms y ml fmljr tamfpj. Njfj rmnursj cufblj `b jriblazbnaþl numltb njl 2=> nj`bgjrbejrms
^jnaj
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njfj tbfgaál m` smrvanaj b` n`amltm qum ms ulb em sus fbyjrms vmltbkbs njfpmtatavbs. @b jriblazbnaþl sm emstbnb pjr `b nb`aebe em` traij afpjrtbej em Nblbeâ y Brimltalb rmd`mkbej ml `js prjeuntjs. _mrj cbralmrb em` vb``m ms
`æemr ml m` nbfpj em` mlraqumnafamltj y `b djrtadanbnaþl em `b cbralb njfj pbrtm em su pj`ætanb sblatbrab.
Umnlj`þianjs Fmkjrbs ml `b tmnlj`jiæb bvblzbeb m aldjrfbnaþl jpjrtulb qum pmrfatm mstbr b `b vbliubreab, ml nubltj b `b prjeunnaþl, b`fbnmlbfamltj y fmrnbemj em `js prjeuntjs, aiub`fmltm `b nrmbnaþl em ul prjirbfb em nbpbnatbnaþl em` pmrsjlb` pbrb bprjvmncbr mstb djrtb`mzb. Irbnabs b `b tmnlj`jiæb qum cb bprjpabej ml sus prjnmsjs8 cb nrmbej p`bltbs lumvbs qum `m cbl ebej ul pbljrbfb fâs bfp`aj em prjeunnaþl y cb mxp`jrbej `js lumvjs lum vjs msnmlbrajs qum `m cbl pmrfataej alnursajlbr ml jtrj tapj em prjeunnajlms. Ml nubltj b fmeajs tmnlj`þianjs njfj rmems sjnab`ms `b njfpmtmlnab tamlm irbl vmltbkb.
Mnj`þianjs
Fataibl `js afpbntjs bfgamltb`ms b trbvás em` njltrj` em `js bspmntjs bfgamltb`ms qum sm emravbl em `bs bntavaebems em `b jriblazbnaþl. _rjtmiml m` fmeaj bfgamltm prmvamlml `b njltbfalbnaþl y gralebl ul usj sjstmlag`m b `js rmnursjs. Nufp`ml njl `b ljrfbtavaebe bfgamltb` bp`anbg`m b` njltmxtj em `b jriblazbnaþl. Ljrfb A^J 25??? Mstb ljrfb cb saej p`bltmbeb pbrb njlstruar ul pmrdmntj mqua`agraj mltrm bcjrrj mnjlþfanj y `b easfalunaþl em `js afpbntjs bfgamltb`ms. A^J 25??2 prjpjrnajlb b `bs jriblazbnajlms ul fbrnj njl m` qum prjtmimr m` fmeaj bfgamltm y rmspjlemr b `bs njleanajlms bfgamltb`ms nbfgabltms, samfprm iubreblej m` mqua`agraj njl `bs lmnmsaebems sjnajmnjlþfanbs
@mib`ms
Nufp`ar njl m` fbrnj `mib` nj`jfgablj pbrb `b eastragunaþl y njfmrnab`azbnaþl em sus prjeuntjs. Qb qum `b cbralb em traij ms ulj em `js alsufjs fâs afpjrtbltms pbrb `b dbgranbnaþl em b`afmltjs gâsanjs ml `b eamtb nj`jfgablb, njfj sjl `js prjeuntjs em pblbemræb, pbstm`mræb, ib``mtbs, pbstbs b`afmltanabs y jtrjs8 Rum ms lmnmsbraj rmi`bfmltbr `b djrtadanbnaþl em `b cbralb em traij njl fanrjlutramltms emdanamltms ml `b eamtb nj`jfgablb8 Emnrmtj 2155 em 2114
brtænu`j 7j. Jg`aibtjramebe em djrtadanbnaþl. @b cbralb em traij qum sm njfmrnab`azb ml m` tmrratjraj lbnajlb` emgmrâ mstbr djrtadanbeb njl vatbfalb G2, vatbfalb G7, labnalb, ânaej dþ`anj y camrrj. Wmsj`unaþl 7495 em 7?2>
Falastmraj em sb`ue y prjtmnnaþl sjnab`. Wmsj`unaþl lûfmrj 7492 em 7?25 ALTAFB…
Blmxj em trbgbkjs aleavaeub`ms em fas njfpbòmrjs _jr [cbranh Ebyblb Ibrnæb Wjkbs
@b ^u`tblb G`jqums @bera``js Q Bnbgbejs Nmrâfanjs ms ulb sjnamebe blþlafb fbtranu`beb m` fbrtms 1 em jntugrm em 7??2 ml `b nâfbrb em njfmrnaj em Nbunb. Mstb mfprmsb sm emeanb pralnapb`fmltm b dbgranbnaþl em fbtmrab`ms em brna``b pbrb `b njlstrunnaþl. Aldjrfbnaþl em @b ^u`tblb G`jqums @bera``js Q Bnbgbejs Nmrâfanjs, mstb mfprmsb numltb njl ulb p`bltb `b nub` mstâ emeanbeb b rmb`azbr eadmrmltms prjeuntjs `js nub`ms sjl mltrmibejs b `js njfprbejrms, m` nub` mstâ rmspjleamlej b `bs lmnmsaebems em` fmrnbej lbnajlb`, `b nub` tamlm b`tjs mstâlebrms em nb`aebe.
Fasaþl Gralebr `bera``js nmrâfanjs njl nb`aebe ibrbltazbeb pbrb sbtasdbnmr `b emfbleb em lumstrjs n`amltms8 njltraguymlej b `b fmkjrb em` smntjr em njlstrunnaþl em` pbæs8 prmsmrvblej m` fmeaj bfgamltm y eblej m` fâxafj vb`jr b `b alvmrsaþl em lumstrjs bnnajlastbs.
Tasaþl @jirbr `b nmrtadanbnaþl em lumstrjs prjeuntjs em nb`aebe y smr ulb mfprmsb rmnjljnaeb b lavm` rmiajlb` y lbnajlb`, afp`mfmltblej `b fmkjrb y jptafazblej `js rmnursjs, njstjs em prjeunnaþl, ml m` ârmb em prjeunnaþl, prjeu nnaþl, fbrhmtali, rmnursjs cufbljs8 bsæ njfj nbpbnatbnajlms, njlvmlajs y butjfbtazbr b` fâxafj tjejs `js prjnmsjs em` dbgranbej, pbrb bsæ smr fâs mdanbnms y mdmntavjs b `b cjrb em mltrmibr `js prjeuntjs b tamfpj rmb` Dulnajlb`aebe em` prjeuntj M` `bera``j ms ulb fbsb em gbrrj njljnaeb ml djrfb em pbrb`m`mpæpmej trabliu`br, em brna``b njnaeb pbrb njlstruar furjs y pbrmems, bltms em alnjrpjrbr `b brna``b em` nan`j em prjeunnaþl, cby qum sjfmtmr`b b namrtjs namr tjs trbtbfamltjs em traturbnaþl, cjfjimlmazbnaþl y rmpjsj ml bnjpaj, njl `b dalb`aebe em jgtmlmr ulb bemnubeb njlsastmlnab y uladjrfaebe em `bs nbrbntmræstanbs dæsanbs y quæfanbs emsmbebs. M` rmpjsj b `b altmfpmram tamlm, ml prafmr `uibr, `b dalb`aebe em dbna`atbr m` emsfmluzbfamltj em `js tmrrjrms y `b easj`unaþl em `js lþeu`js pbrb afpmear `bs bi`jfmrbnajlms em `bs pbrtænu`bs brna``jsbs. @b mxpjsanaþl b `b bnnaþl btfjsdáranb (barm, ``uvab, sj`, cam`j, mtn.) dbvjrmnm, bemfâs, `b emsnjfpjsanaþl em `b fbtmrab jriâlanb qum pumeb mstbr prmsmltm y pmrfatm pmr fatm `b puradanbnaþl quæfanb y gaj`þianb em` fbtmrab`. Em mstb fblmrb sm jgtamlm ul fbtmrab` njfp`mtbfmltm almrtm y pjnj ebej b pjstmrajrms trblsdjrfbnajlms fmnâlanbs j quæfanbs.
_rjeuntjs @bera``js @bera``j `afpaj L.3 @bera``j `afpaj Fbrda` L.2? @bera``j `afpaj L.2? @bera``j `afpaj fbrda` L.27 @bera``js dbrj` Dbrj` L.> Wb``bej Dbrj` L.4 @asj Dbrj` L.4 Wbybej Dbrj` L.27 @asj Dbrj` L.27 Wbybej Mstrunturb`ms @bera``j Mstrunturb` L.27 @bera``j Mstrunturb` Fbrda` L.27 G`jqum Mstrunturb` L.27 G`jqum Mstrunturb` L.25 G`jqum vaib
G`jqum Mstrunturb` L. 7? Mspmnab`ms Nb`bejs B`dbkæbs Wjfpmj`bs smlna``j Wjfpmj`bs smlna``j Fbrda` @bera``j nurvj L.> @bera``j nurvj L.4 Wjfpmj`bs ejg`m Fbrda` Wjfpmj`bs Ejg`m Mlncbpms Dbnbcb`mtb L.2? Dbncb`mtbs G`jqums G`jqums @jsb G`jqum`jl _asjs Bejqual pmbtjlb` Bejqual vmcanu`br
Umkbs Umkb nj`jlab` Umkb tugj Umkb nbragm
Nbfgajs b trbvás em` tamfpj Emsem 213= `b su`tblb cb pmrdmnnajlbej sus prjnmsjs y nb`aebe, b trbvás em` njljnafamltj y `b mxpmramlnab. Njltbfjs njl > fjemrlbs p`bltbs satubebs ml m` dárta` vb``m em` nbunb, qum ljs fbiladanbs brna``bs, `b mfprmsb `b su`tblb nbeb eæb cb vmlaej mvj`unajlblej fâs nbeb eæb ms fmkjr y gusnb smr fmkjr y ulb mfprmsb fâs rmnjljnaeb, B` jgsmrvbr m` mltjrlj mxtmrlj, sm vasub`azb njfj emgm djrtb`mnmrsm @bera``mrb @b ^u`tblb bltm `b bfmlbzb em` fbnrj mltjrlþ y bprjvmncbr `bs jpjrtulaebems prjljstanbebs em bnumrej b` njfpjrtbfamltj mnjlþfanj mspmrbej ml `b rmiaþl. _jr msj, mxastm `b lmnmsaebe em easmòbr ul _`bl em Fbrhmtali pbrb `b earmnnaþl mstrbtáianb b smiuar pbrb `jirbr ul jgkmtavj em lmijnaj mspmnædanj, nrmbr `b rutb pbrb `jirbr fmkjrms rmsu`tbejs, njfj nrmnafamltj em vmltbs, rmnjljnafamltj em `b njfpmtmlnab, b`nblnm em eastragunaþl y njfmrnab`azbnaþl, jptafazbnaþl em prjnmsjs, pmlmtrbnaþl ml m` fmrnbej, fmeanaþl y njltrj` em `bs dalblzbs. _rjpjrnajlbr `bera``mrb @b ^u`tblb mldjqum y earmnnajlbfamltj njl aemltadanbnaþl em jpjrtulaebems, bsæ njfj djrtb`mnmrsm drmltm b `bs bfmlbzbs. Fmkjrbr `js prjnmsjs em vmltbs, bcjrrbr tamfpj y ealmrj njlnmltrblej rmnursjs b` rmn`utbr mfp`mbejs bemnubejs y jptafazbr `b alvmrsaþl em `bs alanabtavbs em fbrhmtali bpjyblej `js jgkmtavjs em @bera``mrb @b ^u`tblb. Eadmrmlnabr @bera``mrb @b ^u`tblb em `b njfpmtmlnab aemltadanblej vmltbkbs eastaltavbs y fmkjrblej m` pjsanajlbfamltj em @bera``mrb @b ^u`tblb njl ul fmlsbkm mdanbz em fbrhmtali pbrb `jirbr fbyjr afpbntj em rmnjrebnaþl ml n`amltms bntub`ms y pjtmlnab`ms.
Bspmntjs mnjlþfanjs, tmnlj`þianjs em` prjeuntj y m` afpbntj em mstm ml `js n`amltms Ml m` pmrajej em mlmrj fbrzj em 7?72 sm `anmlnabrjl 5.132.149 f pbrb meadanbnaþl, famltrbs qum ml m` fasfj pmrajej em 7?7? dumrjl 5.=>4.??= f, `j qum prmsmltj ul bufmltj em 1,3%. M` ârmb bprjgbeb bufmltþ 29,1% pbrb vavamleb y easfaluyþ 77,5% pbrb `js emstaljs lj cbgatbnajlb`ms
@blzbfamltj em` lumvj prjeuntj, fmkjrb em` prjeuntj @bera``j tmrfj mdanamltm @b aemb ms `blzbr ul lumvj mstâlebr pbrb `b njlstrunnaþl, m` `bera``j tmrfj mdanamltm, mstm lumvj emsbrrj``j tmnlj`þianj bnjfpbòb `bs nrmnamltms mxaimlnabs ml fbtmrab em mdanamlnab mlmriátanb ml `b njlstrunnaþl y pmrfatm `jirbr cbstb ul 5?% em bcjrrj ml mlmriæb. Em mstb djrfb m` `bera``j nmrâfanj cumnj saium bdarfblej su `aemrbzij njfj sastmfb njlstruntavj sjstmlag`m, njlnmptj qum lj sþ`j aln`uym vbrabg`ms bfgamltb`ms, salj mnjlþfanbs y sjnab`ms. @b aemb njl mstm lumvj prjeuntj `bera``js cumnjs tmrfj mdanamltms ms imlmrbl mlvj`vmltms fâs mdanamltms qum pmrfatbl bcjrrbr cbstb m` =?% ml `b tbradb em ibs y m`mntranaebe, nufp`afmltblej `bs ljrfbs njlstruntavbs qum prmijlbl m` bcjrrj mlmriátanj b trbvás em eadmrmltms mlsbyjs ml `bgjrbtjrajs lbnajlb`ms m altmrlbnajlb`ms y njl mstm lumvj prjeuntj tbfgaál gusnbrm bcjrrbr `j fâs pjsag`m y lj njltbfalbr lumstrj fmeaj bfgamltm
Fbtraz _M^UM@ _j`ætanjs
M` Mstbej emgm smr pralnapb`fmltm dbna`atbejr y lj prjeuntjr. Lj sm emgml afpjlmr b `bs rmiajlms y `jnb`aebems `bs emnasajlms em eþlem, nuâlej, nþfj y pbrb quaálms sm vbl b mkmnutbr `bs jgrbs. @bs emnasajlms emgml gbsbrsm ml m` njljnafamltj em `bs lmnmsaebems rmb`ms `jnb`ms. M` prjtbijlasfj ml `b imstaþl em su câgatbt câ gatbt emgm smr em `bs njfulaebems. m` Mstbej emgm afpu`sbr `bs alanabtavbs y m` msdumrzj em `b imltm
Mnjlþfanjs
@b dbgranbnaþl em Nmfmltj Mnj`þianj ms ulb bntavaebe njfp`mfmltbrab aemb` pbrb `js prjeuntjrms b pmqumòb msnb`b em prjeuntjrms em cjrfaiþl. Njl m` Nmfmltj Mnj`þianj sm pumem sustatuar ulb pbrtm afpjrtbltm em` Nmfmltj _jrt`ble y `jirbr ulb vmltbkb em njstj emnasavb, sal pjlmr ml pm`airj `b nb`aebe em` prjeuntj, Njfgalblej mstjs fbtmrab`ms njl `js eadmrmltms sastmfbs njlstruntavjs, sm pumem rmeunar njstjs ml fâs em ul 7? % ml m` njstj em jgrb. M` bcjrrj njlsmiuaej pjr `bs aleustrabs y `b easpjsanaþl em mstbs b` farbr `js rmsaeujs njfj ulb jpjrtulaebe y lj njfj ul prjg`mfb ms emnar; pjeræbfjs p`bltmbr `b sj`unaþl b ul prjg`mfb qum _umrtj _um rtj Umkbeb (Nbunb) y `b rmiaþl tamlml, em` fasfj fjej vmfjs qum ml m` pbæs ml `b bntub`aebe mxastm ul eádanat em fâs em 7 fa``jlms em dbfa`abs qum lj numltbl njl ul tmncj eailj
^jnaj
Ml sæltmsas, `bs `bera``mrbs sjl aleustrabs qum emfblebl ul b`tj
nu`turb`ms
njlsufj em njfgustag`m njfj nbrgþl y fbemrb, `j nub` `bs jg`aib b
afp`mfmltbr bnnajlms y fmnblasfjs mxpmeatjs qum byueml b jptafazbr `js rmnursjs falmrb`ms y vmimtb`ms, bsæ njfj b rmeunar `bs mfasajlms em ibsms b `b btfþsdmrb.
Umnlj`þianjs
Nbeb ulb em mstbs p`bltbs mstâ emeanbeb b cjrlmbr eadmrmltms prjeuntjs y nblb`azbr bsæ `js rmnursjs pbrb mltrmibr tmkbs, `bera``j mstrunturb`, g`jqums, pasjs y m`mfmltjs em easmòj njl ulb b`tb b `tb nb`aebe
Mnj`þianjs
Em fblmrb emtb``beb sm mstbg`mnml `bs bnnajlms qum sm rmquamrml pbrb prmvmlar, fataibr, njltrj`br, njfpmlsbr y njrrmiar njr rmiar `js pjsag`ms pjsag`ms mdmntjs j afpbntjs bfgamltb`ms, `b `bera``mrb tamlm njfj dal nrmbr `bera``js qum lj bdmntml lumstrj fmeaj bfgamltm y falafalazm `b njltbfalbnaþl, y rmeuznb m` ibstj em ibs y m`mntranaebe, m` sastmfb em trblsdjrfbnaþl em sjgrbltms em `bera``mrb sm cbnm em fblmrb sjstmlag`m ibrbltazâlej`m b `bs duturbs imlmrbnajlms rmnursjs lj rmljvbg`ms y b `b vmz sm altmrajrazb ml `b njfulaebe `b jg`aibnaþl em njlsmrvbr `b lbturb`mzb.
@mib`ms
@b `bera``mrb nufp`m b` fâxafj `bs `myms, ml m``b sm mstbg`mnml `js rmquasatjs, `bs jg`aibnajlms y `bs njleanajlms qum m` gmlmdanabraj emgm nufp`ar pbrb prmvmlar, fataibr j njrrmiar `js mdmntjs alemsmbg`ms, tamlm njfj dal nufp`ar `bs `myms em `b mfprmsb
_jr Cbrj`e Bueabs Wbfærmz Wjkbs Dulnajlb`aebe em` prjeuntj; @b mfprmsb `b su`tblb fblmkb prjeuntjs dbgranbejs b gbsm em brna``b qum pmrfatm `b m`bgjrbnaþl em `bera``js, tmkbs g`jqums y pasjs, njltraguymlej b `b dbgranbnaþl em mstrunturbs alfjga`abrabs njfj pjr mkmfp`j meadanajs y nbsbs. _jr jtrj `bej, pjr su fbtmrab prafb qum ms `b brna``b `b nub` mstâ njlstatuaeb pjr fbtmrab`ms njfj rjnb smeafmltbrab y jtrjs birmibejs njfj sa`anbtjs em b`ufalaj, pmrfatamlej rmb`azbr njlstrunnajlms pbrb nmrrbfamltjs, dbncbebs, dbncbebs , pbrtanajlms, furjs, pasjs tmkbejs, y bnbgbejs nmrâfanjs y bsæ samlej m` lûfmrj ulj ml `bs m`mnnajlms em `b pjg`bnaþl nj`jfgablb pbrb njlstrunnajlms alfjga`abrab.
Dancb tánlanb em `js prjeuntjs m`bgjrbej pjr `b mfprmsb `b su`tblb @bera``j `afpaj L» 3
@brij
Blncj
B`tj
F7
_msj
73 nfs
2? nfs
2? nfs
>2 ulaebems
7.3 hi
•
Wmsastmlnab b `b njfprmsaþl; 5? Hi/nf\7
Umxturb; `asj pjr bfgbs nbrbs
•
@bera``j `afpaj L» 2?
@brij
Blncj
B`tj
F7
_msj
75 nfs
2? nfs
4.= nfs
=> ulaebems
2.9 hi
Wmsastmlnab b `b njfprmsaþl; 5? Hi/nf\7
•
Umxturb; `asj pjr bfgbs nbrbs
•
@bera``j `afpaj fbrda` L» 2?
@brij
Blncj
B`tj
F7
_msj
4.= 75 nfs
=>
2? nfs
2.9 hi nfs
ulaebems
Wmsastmlnab b `b njfprmsaþl; >= Hi/nf\7
•
Umxturb; `asj pjr bfgbs nbrbs
•
@bera``j `afpaj fbrda` L» 27
@brij
Blncj
B`tj
F7
_msj
4.= 75 nfs
27 nfs
nfs
Wmsastmlnab b `b njfprmsaþl; >= Hi/nf\7
•
Umxturb; `asj pjr bfgbs nbrbs
•
•
=>ulaebems
2.9 hi
@bera``js em dbrj` L» > rbybej
@brij 7= nfs
Blncj
B`tj
F7
29
72
9 nfs
7.7 hi nfs
Bgsjrnaþl em biub; 22%.
Umxturb; Mstrabej pjr sus nubtrj nbrbs
•
•
@bera``js dbrj` L» 4 `asj
_msj
ulaebems
@brij
Blncj
B`tj
F7 2=
>? nfs
2? nfs
7? nfs ulaebems
Bgsjrnaþl em biub; 2>%.
Umxturb; Umxturb; `asj pjr bfgbs nbrbs
•
•
_msj 5.9 hi
@bera``j Dbyj` L»4 rbybej
@brij
Blncj
B`tj
F7
_msj
2= >? nfs
2? nfs
7? nfs
5.5 hi ulaebems
Bgsjrnaþl em biub; 22%.
Umxturb; Mstrabej pjr sus nubtrj nbrbs
•
•
@bera``j mstrunturb` L» 27
@brij
Blncj
B`tj
F7
_msj
75 nfs
27 nfs
4.= nfs
=> ulaebems
7 hi
@bera``j mstrunturb` fbrda` L» 27
@brij
Blncj
B`tj
F7
_msj
75 nfs
27 nfs
4.= nfs
=> ulaebems
7 hi
G`jqum vaib
@brij
Blncj
B`tj
F @almb`
_msj
71 nfs
27 nfs
21 nfs
>.> ulaebems
9 hi
G`jqum mstrunturb` L» 7?
@brij
Blncj
B`tj
F7
_msj
71 nfs
27 nfs
21 nfs
2= ulaebems
4.= hi
@brij
Blncj
B`tj
F7
_msj
21nfs
2? nfs
21nfs
7= ulaebems
5 hi
Nb`bejs
B`dbkæbs
@brij
Blncj
B`tj
F7
_msj
21 nfs
4.= nfs
-
2> ulaebems
7 hi
Wjfpmj`bs smlna``j
@brij
Blncj
B`tj
F7
_msj
7> nfs
4.= nfs
-
2> ulaebems
2.7 hi
Wjfpm j`bs em fbrda` smlna``j
@brij
Blncj
B`tj
F7
_msj
7> nfs
4.= nfs
-
2> ulaebems
2.7 hi
Wjfpmj`bs ejg`m y fbrda`
@brij
Blncj
B`tj
F7
_msj
73 nfs
4.= nfs
-
2> ulaebems
2.4 hi
Umkb nj`jlab`
@brij
Blncj
B`tj
F7
_msj
52 nfs
72.= nfs
21.=nfs
77 ulaebems
7 hi
@brij
Blncj
B`tj
F7
_msj
52 nfs
29.= nfs
24.= nfs
24 ulaebems
2.4 hi
Umkb nbragm @brij
Blncj
B`tj
F7
_msj
52 nfs
73 nfs
73 nfs
22 ulaebems
-
Umkb tugj
NBFGAJ^ B UWBTÁ^ EM@ UAMF_J;
MNJLJFAB BÒJ^ 213? `b `bera``mrb `b su`tblb lbnm em ul prjymntj dbfa`abr, ml `js bòjs 3?‑ njfj ul
pmlsbfamltj afpu`sbejr mnjlþfanj, y njfj n jfj fjtavj em nrmnafamltj emgaej b `js nbfgajs emfjirâdanjs jnbsajlbej pjr `b vaj`mlnab qum sm vavæb mltrm msb ápjnb y jnbsajlblej trbufbtasfjs mnjlþfanjs aleustrab`ms mltrm `js b nub`ms mlnjltrbfjs ul gbkb tbsb em alvmrsaþl mxtrblkmrb y msnb`bdþl em `b tbsbs em emsmfp`mj njfj lulnb bltms vastj, vj`vamlej fuy almstbg`m m` pbljrbfb mnjlþfanj pbrb mfprmsbrajs lbnajlb`ms njfj altmrlbnajlb`ms njl b`iûl altmrás em alvmrsaþl ml m` pbæs.
UMNLJ@JIAB MLUWM 213?-211? Fmeabltm `b tmnlj`jiæb `b mfprmsb su`tblb dum dulebeb ml ul pmrajej em emsaleustrab`azbnaþl afpaeamlej bvblnms tmnlj`þianjs y bnjfpbòbeb em rmeunnajlms njl rm`bnaþl b tbsb em mfp`mj y mnjlþfanbs, em afpaeamlej bvblnms tmnlj`þianjs njl rm`bnaþl b jtrjs pbæsms, mlnjltrâlejsm ml emsvmltbkb ml m` ârmb njfpmtatavb em Bfáranb em` sur.
N]AEBEJ^ BFGAMLUB@M^ ML M@ BÒJ 213? Emgaej b `bs eadmrmltms aleustrabs qum sm fblmkbgb ml m` altmrajr em Nj`jfgab ml `js bòjs 3?, sm emtmntb qum `bs pralnapb`ms; njfj m` smntjr f falmrj, almrj, m` smntjr b`afmltanaj, m` smntjr gâsanj em aleustrabs em camrrj y bnmrj bnm rj lj njltbgbl njl njlj njljnafamltj nafamltj sjgrm tánlanbs bfgamltb`ms, afpaeamlej m` emsmfpmòj qum tamlm m` fmeaj bfgamltm ml ulb mfprmsb u jriblazbnaþl _jr njlsaiuamltm, `b aleustrab nj`jfgablb dum mvj`unajlblej njl m` pbsbr em `js bòjs `jirblej irblems fmtbs mltrm `bs nub`ms mlnjltrbfjs ml `b aleustrab su`tblb tb`ms njfj;
•
Nrmnafamltj mnjlþfanj y em alvmrsajlms tbltj lavm` lbnajlb` njfj altmrlbnajlb`, ml m` nub` mlnjltrbfjs m` vb``m em` nbunb, nbunb y _jpbyâl, pbrtanapblej ml prjymntjs iugmrlbfmltb`ms njfj njlstrunnaþl em njlejfalajs, cjtm`ms y emfâs. _mrfatamlej b`zbs ml `bs tbsbs mnjlþfanbs ml m` smntjr aleustrab`.
B lavm` tmnlj`þianj, bvblnms em `b fblj em jgrb fbludbnturmrb rmfp`bzbeb pjr
•
fbqualbs aleustrab`azbebs y tmnlj`þianbs, y sjgrm tjej `b mxpblsaþl em `b mfprmsb ml > p`bltbs fjemrlbs y aleustrab`azbebs njl ulb nbpbnaebe em ârmb em >=.??? fmtrjs nuberbejs nbeb ulb, `jirblej ulb prjeunnaþl fâs mdanamltm y mdanbz
B lavm` bfgamltb` alljvblej bnmrnb fblmkj em prjeuntjs qum lj bdmntml m` ârmb
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bfgamltb`, y sjgrm tjej alnjrpjrblej prjnmsjs tánlanjs y em `bgjrbtjraj pbrb m` trbtbfamltj em `b fbtmrab prafb byueblej njl m` afpbntj bfgamltb` em `b zjlb em` vb``m em` nbunb qum ms ulb rmiaþl em fbs em 5 fa``jlms em cbgatbltms eastraguaeb ml 57 fulanapajs.
Bspmntjs mnjlþfanjs; B` njltbr njl ulb rme em prjeunnaþl em fbs em 5? rmdmrmlnabs r mdmrmlnabs em prjeuntjs jdrm jdrmnaejs naejs tb`ms njfj `bera``js y fbtmrab` nmrâfanj `j njlvamrtm ml ul sastmfb em lmnmsaebe prafbrab mltrm `b pjg`bnaþl em` surjmstm em Nj`jfgab, m` nub` mltrm rmiajlms em` vb``m em` nbunb, nbunb y _jpbyâl vj`vaálejsm ml ul surtaejr em fâs 7?.??? cbgatbltms njl ul pmlsbfamltj qum vml ``bfbtavjs b` prjeuntj mncj ml brna``b y ulb eastragunaþl `js `brij em` surjmstm nj`jfgablj trbspjrtblej prjeuntjs em `b fmkjr nb`aebe, bvb`bejs pjr ALNJUMN, m` nub` imlmrb sbtasdbnnaþl ml m` njlsufaejr y pmrfatamlej m` brtanu`j em lmnmsaebe ml njlstrunnaþl alfjga`abrab bequaramlej mltrbs mnjlþfanbs alafbialbg`ms ^mr pajlmrj ml jgrbs iugmrlbfmltb`ms njfj m` cjtm` ^_AYBH, pmrfatamlej rmnjljnafamltj y graleblej ul lavm` em smrvanaj bfp`aj y bequasatavj b lavm` fjlmtbra?, pjr jtrj `bej, numltb njl ul sastmfb em prjeunnaþl mdanamltm b` njltbr njl trms p`bltbs fbludbnturmrbs, bp`anblej ul nrmnamltm mnjlþfanj bltm `b njfpmtmlnab y m` njlsufaejr qum prmdamrm gumlb nb`aebe b` fmljr tamfpj pjsag`m. Q mstj ``mvblej b smr ulb u lb aleustrab aleu strab `b nub` dbnturb nmrnb em `js 2?.???.???.??? y 7?.???.???.??? fa``jlms em pmsj.
Afpbntj ml `js n`amltms m` ijgamrlj nj`jfgablj bpjyb njlstrunnaþl ml `bera``j pbrb `bs meadanbnajlms, emgaej b` njltrj` em emsbstrms, alnrmfmltblej `b prjeuntavaebe em` fmrnbej `bera``mrj. Tj`vaálej`j ml njlsufj prajratbraj. Q vastj em jtrj fjej. M` msta`j em vaeb y pmlsbfamltj nj`jfgablj m` iustj pjr mstm prjeuntj ms nbtb`jibej ml fâs em ul 3?%.
FMKJWB^ ML _WJE]NUJ^ Brtanu`bnaþl em njl butjraebems `jnb`ms pbrb m` alnrmfmltj em `b emfbleb em`
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prjeuntj, ml prjymntjs em njlstrunnaþl njlstr unnaþl y em aldrbmstrunturb _j`ætanbs em afpbntj bfgamltb`, djrtb`mnamlej m` njlsufj em` prjeuntj y vasub`azbej
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`b mfprmsb njfj mltm rmiu`bejr em` fmeaj bfgamltm
M^UWBUMIAB^ EM _J^ANAJLBFAMLUJ Fmrnbemj Njfj mstrbtmiab em pjsanajlbfamltj `b mfprmsb emgm `blzbr ul p`bl em ncjqum blub`
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qum emgmrâ njltbr ul njl smiuafamltj fmlsub` pjr pbrtm em `b jdanalb em fmrnbemj, ml m` nub` sm `blnml mstrbtmiabs gusnblej `bs lmnmsaebems em `bs jtrbs mfprmsbs. Emgaej b `b mvj`unaþl em `b tmnlj`jiæb sm `jirb emtmntbr qum ml ul 3?% em `b pjg`bnaþl
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nj`jfgablb y ml ul 4=% em `b pjg`bnaþl fuleab` `js njlsufaejrms usbl fmeajs em njfulanbnaþl pbrb rmb`azbr njfprbs njfj pjr mkmfp`j; rmems sjnab`ms, pbialbs wme emgaej b mstj njlj mstrbtmiab sm prjpjlm brtanu`br `b mfprmsb ml m` âfgatj em rmems sjnab`ms njfj AL^UBIWBF, DBNMGJJH y pâialbs wmg njfj; FMWNBEJ @AGWM
Emgaej alstburbr mstb mstrbtmiab `b mfprmsb mltrbræb b ul buim lbnajlb`, vj`vaálej`j
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rme em eastragunaþl b tjej Nj`jfgab, ml m` nub` alvmrtaræb ml fmeajs em trbspjrtm fbs mdanamltms y njltrbtbs em vum`j em trbspjrtm em fmrnblnæb pmsbeb pbrb su fmkjr trbspjrtbnaþl ml fmkjr tamfpj. Alstburbnaþl em lumvbs p`bltbs em eastragunaþl ^m prjpjlm qum, fmeabltm ulb rmstrunturbnaþl mfprmsbrab`, sm gusqum mxpblsaþl mfprmsbrab` b zjlbs ml `bs qum `b pjg`bnaþl ms em fbyjr lufmrj y sjgrm tjeb em fbyjr smltaej njlsufaejr, pjr m` nub` sm prjpjlm bgrar p`bltb em dbgranbnaþl ml `b nauebe em Gbrrblqua``b pmrfatamlej njlmntbr nauebems y fmrnbejs njfj Nbrtbimlb, sbltb fbrtb b`tb iubkarb y gbkb iubkarb ``mvblej m` prjeuntj b ulb pjg`bnaþl em fbs em 59.???.??? em cbgatbltms.
AEMLUADANBNAÞL EM NJF_MUMLNAB Njfpmtmlnab earmntb em `b mfprmsb `b su`tblb
Cby qum tmlmr mlnulmtb b` cbg`br em `b njfpmtmlnab earmntb qum fblmkb m` smntjr `bera``mrj, ml ejlem ml Nj`jfgab cby ul tjtb` em 2>9 mfprmsbs `b nub` su fblmrb em prjeunnaþl ms `b m`bgjrbnaþl em m`mfmltjs em njlstrunnaþl n jlstrunnaþl ml brna``b, y sj`j ml mm`` empbrtbfmltj em` vb``m em` nbunb mlnjltrbfjs >3 eastraguaebs bsæ; >7 ml nb`a, 7 ml pb`farb, 7 ml guib, 7 ml gumlbvmlturb gumlbvmltu rb mltrm `bs nub`ms mlnjltrbfjs; Tb``mirms tmkbs y `bera``js; uganbeb ml `b nb``m 23ljrtm- Nb`a
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@bera``mrb tmrrbljvb; uganbeb ml nb``m 5- nb`a
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@bera``mrb fm`mlemz-nr19.=4-nb`a
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@bera``mrb brna``b- Nbrtbij
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B-z njlstrunnaþl- uganbeb ml pb`farb
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Fbtmrab` m` darfm- uganbeb ml gumlbvmlturb
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Emgaej b mstj sm prmsmltb ul b`tj pjrnmltbkm em njfpmtmlnab b lavm` em` vb``m em` nubnb ml ejlem samlej ulb rmiaþl rm`btavbfmltm pmqumòb numltb funcbs mfprmsbs mlnbribebs em eastragunaþl y dbgranbnaþl em `bera``js y m`mfmltjs rmb`azbejs ml brna``b
Njfpmtmlnab alearmntb
]lb vmz mxp`anbej m` lavm` em njlmntavaebe qum fblmkb `b mfprmsb em fblmrb earmntb, mvaemlnabfjs qum jtrj pultj qum ``bfb `b btmlnaþl ms `b njfpmtmlnab alearmntb prmsmltâlejsm ml DMWWMUMWAB^, ebej ebe j qum `b fbyjræb em `bs pmrsjlbs em `b rmiaþl bnueml dmrrmtmræbs pbrb njfprb em fbtmrab`ms qum fblmkbl `b mfprmsb `b su`tblb, ml ejlem m` fmnblasfj em mstb mfprmsb rmsu`tb sm rmvmltb em` prjeuntj prjnmsbej, graleâlej`j b` fasfj prmnaj. Njfj bspmntj pjg`bnajlb`, sm mvaemlnab qum `b m`mnnaþl pjr pbrtm em `bs pmrsjlbs ml m`miar dmrrmtmræbs sm mvaemlnab qum `b `b dbna`aebe em mlnjltrbr dmrrmtmræbs ms funcj fbs
nþfjeb qum gusnbr `bs aleustrabs, emgaej b mstj qum em nbeb 2? gbrrajs ml m` empbrtbfmltj em` vb``m em` nbunb = tamlml dmrrmtmræbs qum gralebl prjeuntjs em njlstrunnaþl emravbejs em `b brna``b. B njltalubnaþl, rm`bnajlbfjs dmrrmtmræbs ml m` empbrtbfmltj em` vb``m em `b nubnb bsæ; Dmrrmtmræb rjnbs- G]MLBTMLU]WB
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Dmrrmtmræb y fbtmrab`ms Ibrnæb- NB@A
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Dmrrmtmræb vaej E.C- U]@]B
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Njfmrnab`azbejrb dmrrmtmrb nb`a ^.b- NB@A
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Dmrrj fbtmrab`ms-NB@A
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_J@AUANB
]lj em `js dbntjrms iugmrlbfmltb`ms qum bdmntbl `b mfprmsb ms m` afpumstjs em aleustrab y njfmrnaj `j nub` ms ul tragutj em jreml fulanapb` qum gusnb jgtmlmr `js rmnursjs lmnmsbrajs pbrb nugrar `bs lmnmsaebems mnjlþfanbs pbrb m` nufp`afamltj em `js p`blms em emsbrrj``j fulanapb`ms.bp`anbej fulanapb`ms.bp`anbej pbrb m` Tb``m em` Nbunb, Nbu nb, Qufgj smiûl bnumrej lufmrj ?73 em` 7?7? ml m` nub` `b tbsb em altmrás sm dakb ml 2=%, bdmntblej m` lavm` em alvmrsaþl b` rmeunar `bs mltrbebs mnjlþfanbs qum pumeml uta`azbrsm pbrb mxpblsaþl cbnab zjlb nmltrj em` pbæs y zjlb njstmrb.
^jnajnu`turb`ms
@b mfprmsb `b su`tblb fblmkb ulb rme eastragunaþl em sus prjeuntjs b `b rmiaþl vb``mnbunblb nj`jfgablb pbrtamlej em mstm tmlmfjs `js saiuamltm;
TB@@M EM@ NB]NB
Wmb`azblej `b birupbnaþl _jg`bnajlb` mlnjltrbfjs 5.=>7.2=7 cbgatbltms mltrm `js nub`ms mstâl njlstatuaeb pjr 57 fulanapaj y njl rm`bnaþl b su tbsb em lbtb`aebe njl `b em fjrtb`aebe mlnjltrbfjs qum pjr nbeb 7?.7 rmnaál lbnaejs pjr nbeb fa` cbgatbltms fjstrblej `b tbsb i`jgb` em dmnuleaebe ms em 2.1 cakbs pjr fukmr. fu kmr. M Mll nubltj nub ltj b `b fjrtb`aebe `b nauebe tamlm ulb tbsb em fjrtb`aebe em 75 pjr nbeb fa` cbgatbltms y funcjs em mstjs b afp`anbnajlms pjr rbæz em` NJTAE 21 , fuy pjr emgbkj em` prjfmeaj em` pbæs y fbs bgbkj em` prjfmeaj fuleab`.
Jtrj pultj ljtbg`m sm mvaemlnab b` mstbej nava` tjfblej njfj mkmfp`j b` em `bs fukmrms, ml m` nub` m` =3% vavml ml ulaþl `agrm njl su pbrmkb, m` 7>% mstâl nbsbebs y m` 29% mstâl nbsbebs, ebtj nurajsj yb qum `b mfprmsb `b su`tblb emgaej b `js prjeuntjs jdrmnaejs fumstrbl guml fblmkj fmrnblta` ml ejlem m` pmlsbfamltj em njlstrunnaþl em vavamleb lbnm em rm`bnajlms altmrpmrsjlb`ms em pbrmkbs.
_jr jtrj `bej smiûl aldjrfbnaþl em alfjga`abrabs ml m` bòj 7?72, rmd`mkblej m` cbgatj em njlsufj em `b pjg`bnaþl surjmstm
nj`jfgablb, ml aldrbmstrunturbs njfj nbsb sm prmsmltb ul 5? % ml vmltbs em vavamlebs, `j nub` mquavb`m b 25.9=3 vavamlebs, vavam lebs, `j qum rmprmsmltb ul alnrmfmltj b` fasfj pmrajej em` 7?7?, ml ejlem `b rmb`azbnaþl em tb`ms vavamlebs ms em fbtmrab`ms rmb`azbejs ml brna``b `js nub`ms rmprmsmltbl smfmkblzbs b` qum vmlem `b mfprmsb @b su`tblb
UMNLJ@JIANB^
Fmeabltm `js bvblnms tmnlj`þianjs rmb`azbeb pjr `b mfprmsb `b su`tblb sm `jirb bequarar eadmrmltms njljnafamltjs em eadmrmltms rmiajlms altmrlbnajlb`ms njfj m` _mrû, m` nub` fblmkb ulb rme tmnlj`þianb pbrb m` fblmkj mspmnab`azbej em njlstrunnaþl cmncjs ml brna``b, emgaej b mstjs bvblnms y njl m` alnrmfmltj em > p`bltbs mspmnab`azbebs uganbebs ml `b rmiaþl vb``mnbunblb njl ulb fblj em jgrb tmnlj`þianb ml cjrljs mspmnab`azbejs ml smnbej y sastmfbs em njrtm pmrfatamlej ulb fbyjr eastragunaþl ml rmiajlms njfj Tb``m em` nbunb, _jpbyâl y nbunb.
MNJ@JIANB^
]lj em `js pralnapb`ms afpbntjs bfgamltb` qum sm mvaemlnab ml `b aleustrab `bera``mrb ms `b mfasaþl btfjsdáranb ml `b njnnaþl y smnbej brtadanab`, mstj bdmntblej `b nb`aebe em` barm.
_jr jtrj `bej, bdmntblej `b dbgranbnaþl em mstjs prjeuntj sm emljtb `b `agmrbnaþl em cufjs njfj fjlþxaejs em nbrgjlj mltrm jtrjs jnbsajlblej mdmntjs qum pjeræbl smr nblnmræimljs, ml mstm nbsj vaálejsm bdmntbej `b mfprmsb `b su`tblb yb qum `b uganbnaþl mstrbtáianb em `bs p`bltbs mstâl nmrnb em `b pjg`bnaþl nava`
]lb em `bs fmeaebs rmb`azbebs njl m` dal em njrrmiar mstjs alnjlvmlamltms tmnlj`þianjs mlnjltrbfjs qum `b mfprmsb trbgbkb ml `b afp`mfmltbnaþl em prjnmsjs tánlanjs y em `bgjrbtjraj pbrb m` trbtbfamltj em `js fbtmrab`ms. @MIB@M^
EMNWMUJ 153 EM 211=, ml m` nub` easpjlm `bs butjraebems bfgamltb`ms pbrb fmkjrbr y prmsmrvbr `b nb`aebe em` barm y rmeunar m` emtmrajrj em` fmeaj bfgamltm. Jnbsajlblej prjg`mfbs b `b mfprmsb `b su`tblb pjr su sastmfb em njnnaþl
Njln`usajlms Fj`alj M` @jgj ms ulb njfpbòæb qum sm mlnumltrb pjsanajlbej ml m` fmrnbej em `b
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aleustrab cbralmrb pjr eastaltjs dbntjrms njfj; bltaiðmebe ml mstm smntjr, `b fmkjr nb`aebe em cbralb em traij, guml smrvanaj b sus n`amltms. Bemfâs, njl m` pbsbr em` tamfpj dum pmrdmnnajlblej su prjeunnaþl irbnabs b` bvblnm em `b tmnlj`jiæb qum pmrfatamrjl ulb fmkjr dbna`aebe ml m` prjnmsj em prjeunnaþl y njl mstj jdrmnamlej `b fmkjr nb`aebe ml prjeuntjs y `b sbtasdbnnaþl b sus n`amltms. ^m lmnmsatb djrtb`mnmr m` bspmntj em fmeajs eaiatb`ms y em njfulanbnaþl8 ms emnar
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pug`anaebe y qum `b mfprmsb bntub`anm su pâialb pbrb pb rb qum bsæ sm pumeb jgtmlmr fâs aldjrfbnaþl em m``b. Njl `b mstrbtmiab em eavmrsadanbnaþl, b` p`bltmbr ul lumvj prjeuntj `b mfprmsb pjerâ
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``mibr b jtrjs fmrnbejs y pjemr bprjvmncbs lumvbs jpjrtulaebems em lmijnaj, y em rmnjljnafamltj y `jirbr ulb mxpblsaþl y nrmnafamltj. Em mstm trbgbkj bprmleæ funcbs njsbs njfj `b mnjljfæb, y tjeb `b aldjrfbnaþl qum
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tmlib qum vmr njl `b `bera``mrb `b su`tblb, y js ebfjs numltb qum nbeb eæb bprmlemfjs fâs y bprmlemfjs njsbs lumvbs y njsbs qum ljs sarvml pbrb lumstrb nbrrmrb y pbrb lumstrb vaeb eabrab. _brb njln`uar sm `jirb emtmntbr m` áxatj qum cb tmlaej `b mfprmsb @B ^]@UBLB njl
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m` pbsbr em `js bòjs, ml ejlem sm mvaemlnab bvblnms tmnlj`þianjs, bvblnms em nrmnafamltj mfprmsbrab` y sjgrm tjej em eastragunaþl y m` afpbntj qum mstâ nbusblej b `b pjg`bnaþl em` surjmstm nj`jfgablj.
Wmdmrmlnabs gag`ajirâdanbs cttps;//www.smfblb.njf/mfprmsbs/brtanu`j/njljznb-`bs-fbyjrms-pyfms-em`-pbas/799?7=/ cttps;//www.fj`aljm``jgj.njf.nj/-prjeuntjs/fj`alj-m`-`jgj-cbralb-altmirb`djrtadanbeb.ctf` cttps;//mxpmeatajrmpjsatjraj.utbemj.meu.nj/gatstrmbf/cble`m/7?.=??.27?2?/93>9/Urbgbkj%7 ?em%7?irbej.ped:smqumlnm62&asB``jwme6y cttp;//www.`bera``mrb`bsu`tblb.njf/
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