Parcial TT

 

YKUNBKF WUKWK@BAJWO^ WÂU@BNO^ 5959 -5

 

AXYFBNKU¿NÞ@O ^A YUOGQNA A^WUQNWQUKF@AJWA AF AJGQUANB@BAJWO GA FK @KUWAJ^BWK?

Fk `krtajsbtk sa dor`k k pkrtbr ga uj jünfao y sa axpkjga aj ujk rambþj no`pfatk gaf nrbstkf, qua nk`ebk ga orbajtknbþj y ga astrunturk, progunbajgo ujk gador`knbþj nortkjta y ujk axpkjsbþj aj vofu`aj. Asta nk`ebo ga dor`k y tk`kûo provonk ujk gador`knbþj pfëstbnk aj af `ktarbkf, k uj fkgo ga fk pfknk trkjsdor`kgk, qua afavk fk gajsbgkg ga gbsfonknbojas y proguna ajguranb`bajto por gador`knbþj. Fk trkjsdor`knbþj `krtajsàtbnk as uj gaspfkzk`bajto nortkjta ga ëto`os, `uy sb`bfkr kf `knfkla, noj fk gbdarajnbk ga qua af progunto ga fk trkjsdor`knbþj posaa ujk astrunturk gbdarajta k fk ga fk dksa qua fk orbmbjo. Aj af knaro, fk dksa orbmbjkf as kustajbtk, qua as ujk sofunbþj sofbgk arro nkreojo DNN y fk `krtajsbtk as tatrkmojkf najtrkgk aj af nuarpo, asto provonk uj ajguranb`bajto por samujgk dksa, kga`ës ga uj ajguranb`bajto por fà`bta ga dksa. Fk trkjsdor`knbþj `krtajsàtbnk aj af knaro sa gk gurkjta af ajdrbk`bajto rëpbgo ga fk kustajbtk, fo qua b`pbga fk gbdusbþj ga nkreojo pkrk dor`kr na`ajtbtk, oefbmkjgo k qua fk rag DNN sa rakno`oga aj ujk tatrkmojkf, k trkvâs ga ujk gador`knbþj ga norta ga togk fk zojk gaf nrbstkf qua sudra fk trkjsdor`knbþj, sbj qua axbstk gbdusbþj

Fk astrunturk ga fk `krtajsbtk as ujk tatrkmojkf najtrkgk aj af nuarpo (astrunturk bjtar`agbk), dksa sb`pfa, aj fk nukf tbaja nojtajbgo uj nkreojo qua onksbojk ujk gbstorsbþj ga fk rag, fk astrunturk sa gbfktk majarkjgo gador`knbþj por ajga uj ajguranb`bajto, asto sa gaea k nkusk ga uj ajdrbk`bajto vbofajto aj fk nukf b`pbga fk gbdusbþj ga nkreojo quagkjgo ktrkpkgk jo ffamkjgo k fk dor`knbþj ga enn. AXYFB[QA NÞ@O ^A GAWAU@BJK AF WK@KÛO GA MUKJO KQ^WAJÀWBNO GA FK @KUWAJ^BWK ½  ^a gatar`bjk por uj ajskyo ga `nqukbg-ahj qua nojsbta aj uj ajdrbk`bajto fajto qua par`bta ujk rag ga darrbtk o na`ajtbtk proautantobga `krqua fos fb`btas ga mrkjo, rasuftkjto aj onksbojas uj nranb`bajto gaf tk`kûo orbmbjkf ga mrkjo ga fk kustajbtk.   Af ajskyo @n[ukbg-Ahj aj uj fajto ajdrbk`bajto pkrk par`btbr qua ujk rag ga na`ajtbtk proautantobga `krqua fos fà`btas ga mrkjo, k vanas rasuftk aj uj nranb`bajto gaf tk`kûo orbmbjkf ga mrkjo ga fk kustajbtk.

 

¿AJ [QÂ ^A YKUANAJ O GBDAUAJNBKJ FK^ WUKJ^DOU@KNBOJA^ EKBJBWBNK^ GA FK^ GADOU@KNBOJA^ @KUWAJ^ÀWBNK^? Ykrk uj knaro ;989 < Fk ekbjbtk jo sa puaga oetajar noj ujk vafonbgkg fajtk aj uj ajdrbk`bajto nojtbjuo . @ks ebaj sa puaga oetajar noj uj ajdrbk`bajto bsotâr`bno Fk `krtajsbtk sa oetbaja noj ujk vafonbgkg ga ajdrbk`bajto rkpbgo `kyoras k fk vafonbgkg nrbtbnk ga ajdrbk`bajto aj uj ajdrbk`bajto nojtbjuo

AXB^WAJ DKNWOUA^ [QA @OGBDBNKJ FK YO^BNBÞJ GA FK NQUTK R GBDBNQFWKJ FK WA@YFKEBFBGKG GAF KNAUO. NQËF A^ AF @ANKJB^@O [QA ^A GA^KUUOFFKJ YKUK [QA A^WO ONQUUK. Fos dkntoras soj < - %N , k `kyor `kyor N ffk k nurv nurvk k sa sa gasp gaspfkz fkzk k k fk garan garanhk hk - Fos kfak kfakjta jtas s no`o no`o T , ] , @o , Nr Nr , @j , ^b y Jb Jb fo gasp gaspfkz fkzkj kj k fk fk garan garanhk hk - Wk`kûo Wk`kûo ga ga mrkjo mrkjo < k `kyor `kyor tk`kû tk`kûo o ga mrkjo mrkjo fk nurvk sa gaspf gaspfkzk kzk k fk garan garanhk hk , paro uj tk`kûo ga mrkjo axnasbvo puaga sar jonbvo por qua drkmbfbzk fk pbazk

¿NÞ@O ^A YQAGAJ OEWAJAU A^WUQNWQUK^ ;99% @KUWAJ^ÀWBNK^ AJDUBKJGO KF KBUA QJK YBA\K GA KNAUO? LQ^WBDB[QA L Q^WBDB[QA FK UA^YQA^WK ^b kmramk`os kfakjtas fk nurvk sa gaspfkzk k fk garanhk , noj affo sa oetbaja ujk vafonbgkg ga ajdrbk`bajto fajtk y noj affo sa oetbaja ujk vafonbgkg ga ajdrbk`bajto fajto qua ksamurk ujk trkjsdor`knbþj ga ;99% ga `krtajsbtk

¿GA [QÂ YKUË@AWUO^ GAYAJGA FK GQUA\K GA QJ KNAUO NOJ A^WU A^WUQNWQUK QNWQUK @KUWAJ^ÀWBNK? Af üjbno pkrë`atro as af nojtajbgo gaf nkreojo, gaebgo k qua dor`kj fos nkreuros ga hbarro Da>N fos nukfas soj `uy guros y por fo tkjto fo üjbno qua ku`ajtk fk gurazk ga fk pbazk.

¿[QÂ A^ AF AJGQUANB@BAJWO YOU YUANBYBWKNBÞJ GA 5GK DK^A?¿NQËF ^OJ FK^ NOJGBNBOJA^ A^WUQNWQUKFA^ YKUK OEWAJAU FK^ @ALOUA^ YUOYBAGKGA^ @ANËJBNK^ R EKLO [QÂ NOJGBNBOJA^ A^WUQNWQUKFA^ FK YBAUGA? ½  Af ajguranb`bajto por pranbpbtknbþj ga samujgk dksa (ajvalanb`bajto târ`bno), as uj trktk`bajto târ`bno qua jos kyugk pkrk af ajguranb`bajto, ku`ajtkjgo fk gurazk y fk rasbstajnbk ga fks kfaknbojas. Nojsbsta aj fk gaposbnbþj ga kquaffks dksas `atkastkefas aj ujk dor`k jk`ajta gbvbgbgk aj fk nukf axbsta ujk ekrrark ankz nojtrk fos `ovb`bajtos ga fks

 

gbsfonknbojas, kntukjgo fk parfbtk no`o pranbpbtknbþj.

 

Af ajvalanb`bajto târ`bno, tk`ebâj nojonbgo no`o ajguranb`bajto por pranbpbtknbþj as uj trktk`bajto târ`bno pkrk ajguranar, as ganbr, ku`ajtkr fk gurazk y rasbstajnbk ga fks kfaknbojas. ^a eksk aj fk gaposbnbþj ga dksas `atkastkefas aj dor`k dbjk`ajta gbvbgbgk, ga `ogo qua dor`k ujk ekrrark adbnkz nojtrk fos `ovb`bajtos ga fks gbsfonknbojas, sbajgo fk parfbtk fk qua kntük no`o pranbpbtknbþj.

GO^ YKFKJ[QBFFK^ GA KNAUO GA FK @B^@K NO@YO^BNBÞJ [QÀ@BNK FK@BJKGK AJ NKFBAJWA YUA^AJWK AJ AJ QJ NK^O MUKJO^ K^W@ ;9 R AF OWUO WK@KÛO GA MUKJO K^W@ 1. AXYFB[QA NKGK NK^O ¿[QA YQGO HKEAU HKE AU ONQUUBGO? sgks

AJ QJK YUONA^O BJGQ^WUBKF GA WA@YFA AJ KNAUO^ GA 9.7%N 9. 7%N NO@BAJ\K K GAWANWKU^A QJK @AJOU GQUA\K [QA AJ FK^ YBA\K^ NOUUA^YOJGBAJWA K A^A @B^@O KNAUO NOJ AF WUKWK@BAJWO NOUUANWO. ^A UAKFB\Þ QJ A^WQGBO GA FK^ YBA\K^ GADANWQO^K^ R ^A GAWAU@BJÞ< K) [QA FK NO@YO NO@YO^BNBÞ ^BNBÞJ J GAF K KNAUO NAUO A A^ ^ FK N NOUUAN OUUANWK WK E) [QA FK @BNUO @BNUOA^WU A^WUQNWQUK QNWQUK WUK WUK^ ^ AF WA@YF WA@YFA A YUA^A YUA^AJWK JWK QJK @A\NF @A\NFK K GA @KUWAJ^BWK NOJ QJ ;9-59% GA DAUUBWK. ^AÛKFA R LQ^WBDB[QA ¿NQËF A^ FK NKQ^K GAF DKFFO? Fk nkusk gaf dkffo as fk ta`parkturk gaf `agbo ga ta`pfa. Af `agbo k `agbgk ga qua vkrbks ga fks pbazks duaroj ta`pfkgks sa nkfajtþ, as por aso qua gbs`bjuyþ fk vafonbgkg ga ajdrbk`bajto ajdrbk`baj to par`btbajgo ksà ujk `kyor dor`knbþj ga darrbtk fk nukf tbaja ponk gurazk aj no`pkrknbþj no`pkrknbþ j k fk `krtajsbtk.

^Q^WB WW 5959-; ;.Axpfbnkr sb sa puaga o jo sa puaga oetajar parfbtk k pkrtbr gbrantk`ajta ga< k.-fk

ekbjbtk y e.-fk `krtajsbtk Aspanànk`ajta pkrk uj knaro autantobga noj 9.8% N k. sb sa puaga ,yk q k ta`parkturks `kyoras k fk trkjsdor`knbþj kpkranar kpkranar parfbtk y sa nojona no`o ekbjbtk pfu`osk o suparbor y k ta`parkturks `ajoras k fk trksjdor`knboj sa nojona no`o ekbjbtk bjdarbor. E. jo sa puaga yk qua ujk vaz oetajbgk `krtajsbtk yk jo qua gk kustajbtk por trkjsdor`kr, kga`ës fk `krtajsbtk sa dor`k k ujk ta`parkturk `uy por gaeklo ga fk dor`knbþj ga parfbtk

 

5.¿[uâ as af ajguranb`bajto por pranbpbtknbþj ga 5gk dksa? ¿nuëfas soj fks nojgbnbojas astrunturkfas pkrk oetajar fks `aloras propbagkgas `anëjbnks y eklo quâ nojgbnbojas astrunturkfas fk pbarga? Af ajguranb`bajto por pranbpbtknbþj ga samujgk dksa (ajvalanb`bajto târ`bno), as uj trktk`bajto târ`bno qua jos kyugk pkrk af ajguranb`bajto, ku`ajtkjgo fk gurazk y fk rasbstajnbk ga fks kfaknbojas. Nojsbsta aj fk gaposbnbþj ga kquaffks dksas `atkastkefas aj ujk dor`k jk`ajta gbvbgbgk aj fk nukf axbsta ujk ekrrark ankz nojtrk fos `ovb`bajtos ga fks gbsfonknbojas, kntukjgo fk parfbtk no`o pranbpbtknbþj.

>.Gos pkfkjqubffks ga knaro ga fk `bs`k no`posbnbþj quà`bnk fk`bjkgks aj nkfbajta prasajtkj aj uj nkso mrkjos K^W@ ;9 y af otro tk`kûo ga mrkjo K^W@ 1, axpfbqua pkrk nkgk nkso ¿qua pugo hkear onurrbgo? Fos mrkjos K^W@ ;9 soj `ës paquaûos qua fos K^W@ 1, af tk`kûo ga mrkjo gapajga ga fk vafonbgkg ga ajdrbk`bajto ajtojnas poga`os nojnfubr qua af K^W@ ;9 tuvo ujk `kyor vafonbgkg ga ajdrbk`bajto qua af K^W@ 1.

7.Aj uj pronaso bjgustrbkf ga ta`pfa, aj knaros noj 9.7% N, no`bajzk k gatantkrsa ujk `ajor gurazk qua aj fks pbazks norraspojgbajtas k asa `bs`o knaro noj af trktk`bajto norranto. ^a rakfbzþ uj astugbo ga fks pbazks gadantuosks y sa gatar`bjþ< k. [ua fk no`posbnbþj gaf knaro as fk norrantk. e. [ua fk `bnroastrunturk trks af ta`pfa prasajtk ujk `aznfk ga `krtajsbtk noj uj ;9 - 59% ga darrbtk. ^aûkfa y lustbqua ¿nuëf as fk nkusk gaf dkffo? Fk vafonbgkg ga ajdrbk`bajto dua `ajor qua fk vafonbgkg ga ajdrbk`bajto nràtbno por ajga pksþ fk nurvk ga trkjsdor`knbþj dor`kjgo darrbtk, fk nkusks duaroj gbvarsos no`o dkftk ga ho`omajabzknbþj ga kustajbtk, fos kmbtkgoras, uj dkffo oparkrbo, `kf nojtrof gaf tba`po.

 

1.Ga knuargo kf mrëno kjaxo bjgbqua qua adantos tbaja soera af gbkmrk`k hbarro nkreojo fos afa`ajtos qua sa `uastrkj<

4.Aj togk fk bjdor`knbþj qua sa `uastrk aj fos gbkmrk`ks bsotâr`bnos, bjgbqua sb togos asos gktos soj oetajbgos eklo trkjsdor`knbþj bsotâr`bnk sustajta su raspuastk ^b soj oetajbgos eklo trkjsdor`knbþj bsotâr`bnk fos gbkmrk`ks bsotâr`bnos, sa gaea porqua sb axbsta ujk vkrbknbþj aj fk ta`parkturk aj fk trkjsdor`knbþj nk`ebkràk fk `bnroastrunturk, khork poga`os ga`ostrkr noj af astugbo ga fk kustajbtk k ta`parkturk nojstkjta aj fks qua soj proeatks aj ekûos ga skfas dujgbgks.

 

=.Axpfbnkr ¿nþ`o sa proguna astrunturkf`ajta af ajguranb`bajto ga fk `krtajsbtk? Fk `krtajsbtk sa dor`k k pkrtbr ga uj jünfao y sa axpkjga aj ujk rambþj no`pfatk gaf nrbstkf, qua nk`ebk ga orbajtknbþj y ga astrunturk, progunbajgo ujk gador`knbþj nortkjta y ujk axpkjsbþj aj vofu`aj. Asta nk`ebo ga dor`k y tk`kûo provonk ujk gador`knbþj pfëstbnk aj af `ktarbkf, k uj fkgo ga fk pfknk trkjsdor`kgk, qua afavk fk gajsbgkg ga gbsfonknbojas y proguna ajguranb`bajto por gador`knbþj. Fk trkjsdor`knbþj `krtajsàtbnk as uj gaspfkzk`bajto nortkjta ga ëto`os, `uy sb`bfkr kf `knfkla, noj fk gbdarajnbk ga qua af progunto ga fk trkjsdor`knbþj posaa ujk astrunturk gbdarajta k fk ga fk dksa qua fk orbmbjo. Aj af knaro, fk dksa orbmbjkf as kustajbtk, qua as ujk sofunbþj sofbgk arro nkreojo DNN y fk `krtajsbtk as tatrkmojkf najtrkgk aj af nuarpo, asto provonk uj ajguranb`bajto por samujgk dksa, kga`ës ga uj ajguranb`bajto por fà`bta ga dksa. Fk trkjsdor`knbþj `krtajsàtbnk aj af knaro sa gk gurkjta af ajdrbk`bajto rëpbgo ga fk kustajbtk, fo qua b`pbga fk gbdusbþj ga nkreojo pkrk dor`kr na`ajtbtk, oefbmkjgo k qua fk rag DNN sa rakno`oga aj ujk tatrkmojkf, k trkvâs ga ujk gador`knbþj ga norta ga togk fk zojk gaf nrbstkf qua sudra fk trkjsdor`knbþj, sbj qua axbstk gbdusbþj

Fk astrunturk ga fk `krtajsbtk as ujk tatrkmojkf najtrkgk aj af nuarpo (astrunturk bjtar`agbk), dksa sb`pfa, aj fk nukf tbaja nojtajbgo uj nkreojo qua onksbojk ujk gbstorsbþj ga fk rag, fk astrunturk sa gbfktk majarkjgo gador`knbþj por ajga uj ajguranb`bajto, asto sa gaea k nkusk ga uj ajdrbk`bajto vbofajto aj fk nukf b`pbga fk gbdusbþj ga nkreojo quagkjgo ktrkpkgk jo ffamkjgo k fk dor`knbþj ga enn.

8. @ajnbojk y sustajtk 1 gasvajtklks qua nojsbgark Qg. tbajaj fos knaros kf nkreojo qua jo par`bta tajar gbvarsks kpfbnknbojas o uso `kyor qua af posaa k) Eklk rasbstajn rasbstajnbk bk k fk norrosbþj norrosbþj < aj nukfqubar nukfqubar k`ebajta k`ebajta af af knaro kf nkreojo nkreojo tajgark k norroarsa por fk prasajnbk ga O5 . Yor fo qua sa gaea protamar kf knaro kf nkreojo noj otro afa`ajto no`o af \j o vofvarfo bjoxbgkefa kûkgbajgo Nr e) Kftk guntbebfb guntbebfbgkg< gkg< Asta puaga puaga sar uj proefa`k proefa`k aj astrunu astrunuturks turks qua qua soportkj soportkj nkrmk yk qua tbajaj

 

n) Fos knaros knaros hbpoautant hbpoautantobgas obgas soj gbnbfas gbnbfas ga ga ajguranar ajguranar por trktk`ba trktk`bajto jto tar`bno < aj fk nurvk WWW ga fos knaros hbpoautantobga jo tbaja ‘‒jkrbz‒‒ por fo qua jo sa puaga hknar trktk`bajto tar`bno ga ajguranb`bajto raprasajtkgo por ujk rantk ga ajdrbk`ajto g) Eklk nojguntbv nojguntbvbgkg bgkg afantrbnk afantrbnk < jo sa puagaj puagaj kpfbnkr kpfbnkr asta tbpo tbpo ga `ktarbkf `ktarbkf k nbrnubtos afantrbnos o afantrojbnos a) Eklk nojguntbvbgkg tar`bnk