Parasitology Notes

 

Parasitology Lecture- Sir Greg -study of parasite and host unique relationship: called symbiosis which which  can be either: mutualism- both are benefitting  way, one benefits but it doesn’t harm commensalism- one way, e.g. E. coli  parasitism- one way, but nananakit 

-PARASITEdepends on host for survival

DIFF TYPES:

A. Host Requirement 1.

Obligate ( Fully Fully dependent) e.g. Trichomonas species types: tenax- inhabits tenax inhabits the mouth hominis- small hominis small intestine, can be ingested vaginalis- genitalia, thru coitus, “ping-pong disease” treat both partners, suspect if you see discharge do not encyst only exists in trophozoite very weak if separated from host will die transmitted by contact differs in size biggest: Vaginalis biggest:  Vaginalis V-Vig-Big  E.g. Ascaris lumbricoides Giant intestinal roundworm erratic parasite (not permanent, migratory) smallest:

2.

Facultative (Free living forms, not thriving within the host, may exist w/o a host, w/ a host: parasitic form) With host: parasitic form

 

Without host: Free living form e.g. STRONGyloides stercoralis Strong parasite I DON’T NEED A MAN Parthenogenetic-- refers to female adults who do not require Parthenogenetic a male to produce an egg Nematode- starts with egg you see moving larva in fresh stool sample UNIQUE TO STRONGY 3.

Spurious nakidaan lang lol

B. Habitat Endoparasite Endoparasitism Infection Ectoparasite Infestation Ectoparasitism e.g. head lice

C. Mode of Transmission Contact transmitted e.g.: Trichomonas sr. Enterobius vermicularis can be inhaled Snail transmitted e.g.: Class Trematoda “Flukes" Food borne Meat

Pork: Taenia Taenia soliums olium- tapeworm Beef: Taenia Taenia saginata- tapeworm Fish: Capillaria philippinensis, Anisakis sp. “Ipon” Fish Water borne protozoans Sexual Transmission Transmammary  Through breastfeeding hookworms:  Ancylostoma

D. E!ect (Pathogenecity)

 

1. Pathogenic 2. Non-pathogenic- commensed

DIFF HELMINTHS EGG-> LARV LA RVA-> A-> ADUL ADU LT Nematode roundworm; spaghetti Trematode fluke; leaf like Cestode tapeworm; ribbon like DIFF STAGES Trophozoite- motile Cyst- non Cyst non motile

-HOSTprovides shelter to parasite

A. Final Host

(Definitive host)

harbors the adult stage sexual stage of parasite

B. Intermediate Host

 (  (I.H.) I.H.)

harbors the larval stage asexual stage humans may act as both: Final Host (Ascariasis) Host (Ascariasis) and I.H. (Malarial parasite, belongs to genus Plasmodium Pl asmodium sp.) exhibit the ff. symptoms: 1. Cold Stage- “chills" 2. Hot Stage- “febrile/fevery” if px is in fever, something is happening inside, body is reacting as defence 3. Pawis- “perspiration” body is lowering the temp. duh normal nawala yung lagnat, nagburst yung red 4.  Apyrexia- everything normal cell Symptoms are being monitored if happens every:

 

24- quotidian malaria 48- tertian malaria 72- quartan malaria I.H. - human Def. - Mosquito Female Mosquito biting the human: Anopheles minimus flavirostris

C. Reservoir Host

non-human host, usually animals, allows to continue life B. coli known host: pig if gamutin px, gamot the baboy too Trophozoite

 

Cyst Other animals: Cats RH: Brugia malayi DH: Toxoplasma gondii can affect the babyNO congenitally congenitally, , parasite transverses the central barrier, NO TO PREGGY oocyst- can be seen in cat poop Field Rats Paragonimus westermani- fluke “TB like condition” like, always naga ubo 1st IH: Snail 2nd IH: Crab “talangka” nandito yung infective stage which IS: Metacercaria (encysted)

D. Paratenic Host (PH) No further dev.’t of parasite inside P.w.: Wild Boar  Contains infective stage also IS: Metacercaria but doesn’t develop na

ATE - All Nematodes (EGG is infective stage) 1.  Ascaris 2. Trichomonas 3. Enterobius If not ATE, it is Larva or Adult Gravid pregnant parasites can give birth to 200k eggs