Para Reviewer 2

Criteria Common name

Ascaris lumbricoides Eelworm/Gian t intestinal roundworm

Adult: Female* Male^

-Faint longitudinal white lateral lines -3 lips and small triangular bucall cavity ^posterior end strongly curved with spicule

Habitat

Lumen of S.I.

Nutrients

Carbohydrate s, Proteins ^Man

Host Intermediate* Definitive^ Vector”Reserv oir’ Incidental Host\ Dead end~ Eggs

-Fertilized egg (thick mamillated eggshell) -Unfertilized egg (thin eggshell,irreg ular coating of albumin)

Larvae

Ancylostoma duodenale Assassin worm/Old world hookworm -2 pairs of curved ventral teeth ^umbrellalike bursa, larger *C-shaped

Necator americanus American murderer/New world hookwrom -pair of semilunar cutting plates ^Fan-like bursa, smaller *S-shaped

Strongyloides stercoralis Threadworm

Enterobius vermicularis Pinworm/Seat worm

Brugia malayi

^2 spicules

-cephalic alae ^prominent caudal alae, dies after copulation *pin-shaped

-two terminal nuclei

Duodenum of S.I. Blood (0.150.26ml) ^Man

Jejunum and Ileum Blood (0.03ml) ^Man

Duodenum of S.I.

Caecum of L.I.

Lymphatic system

^Man

^Man

“Mansonia bonnea, Mansonia uniformisPistia stratiotes

Oval with thin hyaline transparent eggshell

Indistinguisha ble from the egg of Ancylostoma

Smaller, indistinguisha ble from hookworm eggs

D-shaped

Rhabditiform LarvaFeeding stage Filariforminfective stage (sandy loam soil)

Rhabditiform Larva- long buccal cavity, small genital Filariformshort esophagus, pointed tail

Rhabditiform Larva- short buccal cavity, large genital Filariformlong esophagus, forked tail

20,000

9,000

2-7 years

4-20 years

53 days

Weeks to many months 49-56 days

Micofilariainfective stage, shorter, single row of nuclei that reaches tail’s end, Irregularly spaced, overlapping Nocturnal( 12 mn- 2 am)

Periodicity Daily egg output Life span Incubation period Maturation period Embryonation Period Requirement for embryonation Biological Nature Mode of transmission

200, 000

20-30 years

7-9 days

Malayan filarial worm

11,00015,000 More or less 2 months 4-6 weeks

1 month-2 years

4-6 hours

Soil

Soil

Soil

Soil

Dioecious, Oviparous Ingestion of water or food contaminated with Ascaris eggs; pica

Dioecious, oviparous Skin Penetration/O ral

Dioecious, oviparous Skin Penetration

Parthenogenic

Oviparous

Viviparous

Skin Penetration

Inhalation, ingestion, autoinfection, retroinfection

Bite of infected mosquito

Disease

eating LarvalAscaris pneumonitis AdultAscariasis

Treatment

Albendazole, Mebendazole, Pyrantel Pamoate

Prevention

Avoid pica eating. Strict hand washing High among 5-9 y.o. children DFS, CM, KKT, Chest Xray

Epidemiology Lab Diagnosis

Criteria

LarvaCutaneous larval migrans (Creeping eruption) AdultAncylostomias is Albendazole, Mebendazole, Pyrantel Pamoate, Ferrous Sulphate Wearing of footwear and gloves

Necatoriasis

Strongyloidias is

Enterobiasis

Malayan filariaiselepanthiasis of upper limbs

Blood Transfusion

Albendazole, Thiabendazol e

Diethylcarba mazine citrate (DEC)

Same with A. duodenale

Strict handwashing procedure Brazil, C.A.

Albendazole, Mebendazole, Pyrantel Pamoate, piperazine, pyrvinium Wash away contaminated areas Socioeconomi c groups Graham’s scotch tape

Thick Blood films with Giemsa stain (Sheath is stained)

America, Europe DFS, CM, Hardari-Mori Culture Method

Same with A. duodenale

Hardari-Mori Culture Method, Baele’s string test

Use if insect repellents

Wuchereria bancrofti Bancroft’s filarial worm -no terminal nuclei

Angiostrongylus cantonensis Rat lungworm

Trichuris trichiura Whipworm

Capillaria philippinensis Pudoc worm

Trichinella spiralis Pork roundworm

^bean-shaped bursa with long spicule *barber’s pole appearance

-whiplike ^single spicule, refractile sheath *straight posterior end

^no spicule, stichocytes

Habitat

Lymphatic system

CNS

Nutrients Host Intermediate* Definitive^ Vector” Reservoir’ Incidental Host\ Dead end~ Eggs

“Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus, Aedes poecilus, Anopheles minimus flavirostris- Musa textilis

^Rat *Achatina fulica (giant african snail) “slugs \man

Cecuam and appendix of L.I. Blood(0.005 ml) ^man

^chitinized long spicule sheath *Typical (3-10 eggs in a single row) Atypical (40-45 eggs in 2-3 rows) Small Intestine *freshwater fish ^fish eating birds Natural-Man

*man ^hogs, swine, man ~man

Common name Adult: Female* Male^

Larvae

Periodicity Daily egg output Life span Incubation period Maturation period Embryonation Period Requirement for embryonation Biological Nature

Elongated, oval with delicate hyaline eggshells Micofilariainfective stage, longer, single row of nuclei that doesn’t reaches tail’s end. regularly spaced, separated Diurnal( 10 pm-4 am) 50, 000 juveniles 4-6 years

Lemon-shaped

Peanut shaped 3rd stage larvae(infective)

15, 000

Muscles

3,000-10,000 4-6 years

Encysted larva in striated muscles (infective stage)

About 6 weeks

12-47 days 1-2 days 1 month Soil Dioecious, Viviparous

Oviparous

Oviparous

Ovoviviparous

Viviparous

Mode of transmission

Bite of infected mosquito

Ingestion of 3rd stage larva from raw or undercooked snail

Disease

Bancroftiian filariasiselephantiasis of lower limbs/ hydrocoele Diethylcarbamazin e citrate (DEC)

Eosinophilic meningitis

Treatment

Prevention

Lab Diagnosis

Prednisone

Use if insect repellents

Epidemiology Thick Blood films

Ingestion of water or food contaminated with Trichuris eggs; pica eating Trichuriasis

Provinces of luzon Lumbar puncture, B.I

Ingestion of undercooked or raw infected fresh water fish

Ingestion of encysted larvae from poorly cooked pork products

Capillariasis (borborygmous or gurgling of the stomach)

Trichinelliasis

Albendazole, Mebendazole

Mebendazole, thiabendazole, adenocorticoster oid, bed rest, analgesics Cooking pork meat thoroughly

Strict hand washing

Thorough cooking of fresh water fish Pudoc, Ilocos sur

Same with Ascaris

DFS, CM, Duodenal asp

M.B., Beck’’s Xeno