Panduan Ukai Formatif (Uji Kompetensi Apoteker Indonesia)

FNLENB > INVKNAJGJLE MNB ]@VN_E

Ljgjblnb Jfnt

Gjlj

A`t`rnblnb

Jfnt F`fns

Mnpnt melubnanb ubtua swnk`meanse. Mnpnt melubnanb ubtua swnk`meanse, dnrus

Jfnt F`fns ]`rfntns ]`rfntns

mef`reanb ebijrknse g`fed anr`bn k`blnbmubl jfnt a`rns.

Jfnt A`rns

Dnrus m`blnb r`s`p mjat`r. Adnsent ynbl mecnbtukanb k`rupnanb adnsent `kperes me knsynrnant, f`guk s`p`budbyn s `p`budbyn

Hnku

t`rstnbmnr, mnb f`guk megnauanb ue prnagebea mnb agebea. Adnsent ynbl mecnbtukanb sumnd mefuateanb m`blnb

Jfnt D`rfng ]`rstnbmnr  ]`rstnbmnr 

ue prnagebea, sumnd t`rstnbmnr, mnb sumnd megnauanb ue prnagebea mnb!ntnu ue agebea f`guk g`blanp.

>

Adnsent ynbl mecnbtukanb sumnd mefuateanb m`blnb ue prnagebea mnb agebea, sumnd s umnd t`rstnbmnr, mnb sumnd

"etjinrknan

megnauanb ue agebea m`blnb g`blanp #ins` $, ins` %, mnb ins` &'. Dnrus m`blnb r`s`p mjat`r mnb k`blnaefntanb

 (nrajtean

a`t`rlnbtublnb ynbl aunt. Mestrefusebyn mea`bmngeanb jg`d p`k`rebtnd. Dnrus m`blnb r`s`p mjat`r mnb anmnbl

)seajtrjpean

k`blnaefntanb a`t`rlnbtublnb.

Jfnt a`rns ynbl mnpnt mes`rndanb jg`d npjt`a`r  m`blnb synrnt mnb a`t`btunb ynbl f`rgnau

Jfnt *nef +pjt`a 

k`burut ubmnblubmnbl, mnpnt melubnanb ubtua swnk`meanse ntnu p`bljfntnb ruteb.

Ljgjblnb Inrknajgjle +bns +bnst` t`se se +ke +kemn mn

+bnst`se /st`r +bteajgeb`st`rns` +ljbes kusanrebea  +ljbes beajtebea +btnljbes kusanrebea  +gin fgjca`r 

K`anbesk` Nase

Cjbtj Jfnt

Fgja Fgjanm nm`` r`-` r`-`rs rsef ef`g `g pnm pnmnn anbn anbngg bntr bntreu euk k

emjaneb, fupe-eaneb

 pnmn nasjb >bdefese demrjgeses ns`tegajgeb pnmn

F`b?janeb, prjaneb

`b?ek ajgeb`st`rns`

)eremjstelkeb, b`jstelkeb

6`kncu r`s`ptjr kusanrebea

)egjanrpeb

6`kncu r`s`ptjr beajtebea 6`bldnkfnt r`s`ptjr kusanrebea mnb

(eajteb

k`blnaefntanb `i`a `xcetntjry 6`bldnkfnt r`s`ptjr ngin nmr`b`rlea,

+trjpeb, dejseb, epntrjpeuk )rn?jseb

s`deblln t`rnme megntnse -`bn.

F`tn$ s`g`atei 3 fesjprjgjg #gjw mjs`', mjs`', nt`bjgjg, F`tn F`tn fgjca gjca`r `r

6`b 6`bldnk ldnkfn fntt r`s r`s`p `ptj tjrr f`t f`tnn nmr nmr`b `b`r `rl lea. ea.

k`tjprjgjg F`tn fgjca`r bjbs`g`atei 3  prjpnbjgjg

6`beblantanb a`rn r`s`ptjr f`tn F`tn% nljbes

nmr`b`rlea %, s`debln t`rnme r`gnasnse jtjt pjgjs frjbaus.

=ngfutnkjg, ijrkjt`rjg, sngk`t`rjg

+0/ >bdefetjr  +blejt`bseb 9`c`ptjr Fgjca`r 

6`bldnkfnt p`rufndnb nblejt`bseb > k`bnme nblejt`bseb >> pnmn lebng 6`bldn 6`bldnkfn kfntt pnmn r`s`ptj r`s`ptjrr nblejt`b nblejt`bseb seb

Cngceuk Cdnbb`g 

6`bldnkfnt knsua angseuk pnmn s`g

 Fgjca`r 

jtjt nbtubl

Anptjpreg, gesebjpreg, `bngnpreg bdefetjr 

s`ar`se ejb demrjl`b pnmn gnkfubl. 6`bldnkfnt r`s`ptjr D% pnmn s`g

D% +btnljbes

 pnre`tng gnkfubl, s`deblln

Jk`prn?jg, pnbtjprn?jg

"nkjtemeb, rnbetemeb, sek`temeb

k`bldnkfnt s`ar`se nsnk gnkfubl. 4`b`rnse gnkn 3 agjri`bernkeb D$ +btnljbes

6`bldnkfnt r`s`ptjr D$, s`deblln temna t`nme nate-nse jg`d destnkeb.

kng`nt. 4`b`rnse fnru 3 gjrntnmeb, c`tere?eb, i`5ji`bnmeb.

+btefejtean )`besegeb +btefejtean

+kjasesegeb, nkpesegeb 6`bldnkfnt sebt`ses mebmebl fnat`re #ljgjblnb f`tn gnatnk'.

=`ingjspjreb

4`b`rnse $ 3 0`irnmjaseg 4`b`rnse % 3 0`iurjasek 4`b`rnse & 3 0`itrenasjb, c`ijtnasek, c`itn?emek

6`bldnkfnt sebt`ses prjt`eb m`blnb +btefejtean

k`bleant sufubet refjsjk &8= mnb 18=

]`trnsageb, jaset`trnseageb,

]`trnseageb

mnb k`bleant gjlnk ubtua k`tnfjgesk`

mjaseseageb

+btefejtean

 fnat`re. 6`bldnkfnt M(+ lerns`, s`deblln

7uebjgjb +btefejtean

k`rusna struatur mjufg` d`gex M(+. 6`bldnkfnt sebt`ses prjt`eb m`blnb

6narjgemn +btefejtean

k`bleant sufubet refjsjk &8= mnb 18=. 6`bldnkfnt sebt`ses prjt`eb m`blnb

0eprjigjasnseb, g`-jigjasnseb +?etrjkeseb, agnretjkeseb, `retrjkeseb Agjrnki`beajg, tenki`beajg

"`beajg

k`bleant sufubet refjsjk 18=.

A`nknbnb Jfnt mnb ]jaseajgjle A`nknbnb Jfnt n! Eb"`as A`nkegnb 6nsn a`dnkegnb k`rupnanb knsn aretes p`rtukfudnb nbeb. (nkub, temna nrnbl met`kue efu dnkeg ynbl k`bm`retn p`bynaet t`rt`btu snnt dnke. F`reaut nmngnd ebm`as a`dnkegnb mnb a`t`rnblnb k`bl`bne ebm`as a`dnkegnb 3 Eb"`as

A`t`rnblnb

_`bll#bnnb Agebes

A`nkegnb +

=tume t`rajbtrjg pnmn wnbetn dnkeg temna  

Mnpnt melubnanb s`cnrn nknb

k`kp`rgedntanb nmnbyn r`seaj t`rdnmnp

 fnle wnbetn dnkeg.

 nbeb pmn a`dnkegnb trek`st`r $ mnb F

trek`st`r f`reautbyn. =tume t`rdnmnp r`prjmuase febntnbl

Mnpnt melubnanb r`gntei nknb fnle

k`kp`rgedntanb temna nmn r`seaj

wnbetn dnkeg.

t`rdnmnp nbeb, t`tnp f`guk nmn stume 0

t`rajbtrjg t`rdnmnp knbusen. =tume pnmn febntnbl p`rcjfnnb

)`bllubnnb jfnt dnrus

k`kp`rgedntanb nmnbyn `i`a t`rdnmnp

k`kp`rtekfnblanb knbinnt

 nbeb mnb stume t`rajbtrjg pnmn wnbetn

agebes mnb r`seaj t`rdnmnp nbeb.

mnb febntnbl temna t`rs`men ntnu temna  M

;

mnpnt megnauanb. ]`rmnpnt fuate nmnbyn r`seaj pnmn nbeb

)`bllubnnb jfnt mnpnt melubnanb

 pnmn febntnbl p`rcjfnnb ntnu stume pnmn

mngnk ansus gei`-tdr`nt`bebl ntnu

knbusen.

npnfegn nmn ngt`rbntei g`fed fnea 

=tume pnmn knbusen mnb febntnbl

dnrus meutnknanb. ]emna menburanb p`bllubnnbbyn

k`kp`rgedntanb nmnbyn nfbjrkngtns

s`gnkn knsn a`dnkegnb.

 pnmn nbeb.

f! @$`a %nk&ebl F`f`rn&n Jfnt Jfnt

@$`a %nk&ebl Ans

+kgjmepeb Anptjpreg )ern?ebnkem >(D 9einkpeseb

/m`kn mnb `m`kn pnru Fntua   (y`re tugnbl, d`pntjtjasea   A`s`kutnb, d`pntjtjasea   6`blufnd wnrbn ureb k`bnme k`rnd, ebmuase

=tr`ptjkeseb +s`tjsng Demrjagjrten?em Ajrteajst`rjem >bdngnse Ajrteajst`rjem Jrng

setjarjk Jtjtjases, b`irjtjases )`rmnrndnb, eretnse sngurnb c`rbn, tebetus Depjang`ken, a`bneanb nsnk urnt 0nbmemnses >retnse sngurnb c`rbn, kjjb inc` anr`bn r`t`bse

/tnkfutjg "`betjeb Anrfnkn?`peb

 (n mnb +er, a`rjpjs tugnbl Futn wnrbn, a`futnnb Leblevng dyp`rpgnsen, ebmus`r setjarjk D`pntjtjasea mnre k`tnfjgetbyn, ebmus`r  

Jrgestnt +btefejtean Auebjgjb +btefejtean ]`trnseageb +btefejtean

setjarjk "`s`s f`rg`kna   6`bldnkfnt p`rtukfudnb nbna   Ajgjrnse lele k`bnme aubebl  (`irjtjases

+kebjlgeajsemn Feijsijbnt =`kun J+] 0jm`eb

>retnse sngurnb c`rbn 6ung mnb kubtnd Ajbstepnse

>!>!>! ]jaseajgjle Ansus a`rncubnb s`gngu met`kuanb t`ranet m`blnb p`bllubnnb fndnb aeken s`fnlne jfnt ntnu

a`c`gnannb. F`reaut nmngnd mnitnr s`bynwn ynbl mnpnt f`rseint rncub mnb p`bnwnr ynbl mnpnt mef`reanb 3 %#fstrnt Vn'#b )nrns`tnkjg jlnk f`rnt #+s, )f, Dl, 0u' jlnk f`rnt #)f' "`rruk Jpejem )`stesemn jrlnbjijsint =enbemn 6`tnbjg, `teg`b lgeajg

_`bn(nr +s`tegsest`eb F+ #mek`cnprjg' /M]+ M`i`rjasnkeb (ngjasjb +trjpeb, )rngemjasek (etret, (etrnt /tnbjg

F`tn fgjca`r F`b?jmen?`peb Anrfjbkjbjasemn Auknreb Meljaseb D`pnreb >(D  (etret >!)!

4guanljb "gukn?`beg Jasel`b, dep`rfnrea jasel`b bdefetjr ntnu +9F E 00F +0/ >bdefetjr, +9F, ntnu meur`tea ten?em +0/ >bdfetjr ntnu +9F

m`blnb ngfukeburen # &8 kl ngfukeb!%2  nk' Menf`t`s k`ggetus

 $&8!N8 kkDl

4nlng nbtubl m`blnb

 $&8!N8 kkDl

"erst geb` 3 +0/ >bdfetjr ntnu +9F =`cjbm geb` 3 00F ]derm geb` 3 meur`tea ten?em ntnu f`tnfgjca`r  "erst geb` 3 +0/ >bdfetjr ntnu +9F E f`tn

 _jst-kyjcnrmeng 

 $&8!N8 kkDl

 fgjca`r  =`cjbm geb` 3 nbtnljbes ngmjst`rjb F`tn fgjca`r E +0/ >bdefetjr ntnu +9F

ebinra  Cjrjbnry nrt`ry

 $&8!N8 kkDl

"erst geb` 3 f`tnfgjca`r E +0/ >bdfetjr ntnu

 $&8!N8 kkDl

+9F =`cjbm geb` 3 00F ]derm geb` 3 meur`tea ten?em Meur`tean ten?em ntnu meur`tean ten?em E +0/

 p`blurnblnb -jguk`

mes`ns`

)`bc`lndnb a`ankfudnb strja`

>bdefetjr 

]nrl`t p`burubnb t`anbnb mnrnd mnpnt H(0  mnb H(0 N snblnt f`rf`mn. )nmn H(0 N, p`burubnb t`anbnb mnrnd temna nlr`sei s`p`rte H(0 . F`reaut nmngnd tnrl`t k`burut H(0 N 3

$.2.%. Mesgepem`ke mnb F`rnt Fnmnb F`rg`fed 6`burut +]) >>>, mngnk tntn gnasnbn p`burubnb M mnb knbn`k`b r`seaj p`bynaet m`l`b`rntei nmn inatjr r`seaj ynbl dnrus mea`tndue, f`reaut nmngnd inatjr r`seaj k`burut +]) >>>. Inatjr V`seaj eblanr )ebllnbl *nbetn eblanr )ebllnbl )ren ]relges`remn DM )ren DM *nbetn ]`anbnb mnrnd 4guajsn punsn

Begne NN ck #&1 ebcd' $%8 ck # 28 ebcd' G$18 kl!m  28 kl!m  18 kl!m G $&8!N1 kkDl G $$8 kl!m

M`blnb k`bl`tndue inatjr r`seaj, tnrl`t p`burubnb M mnb k`kugne t`rnpe mnpnt mea`tndue. F`reaut nmngnd tnrl`t mnb begne M k`kugne t`rnpe 3 Inatjr V`seaj

+mn rewnynt cjrjbnry d`nrt 

]nrl`t _`b#r#bnb

Begne GMG k#gne

Begne GMG k#gne

GMG

t`rn&e

t`rn&e jfnt

 $88 kl!m

bjb$nrknajgjle G $88 kl!m

G $&8 kl!m

mes`ns` ntnu m`blnb inatjr r`seaj s`tnrn G % inatjr r`seaj

 $&8 kl!m

G $&8 kl!m

)nbtnunb s`gnkn $8 tndub m`blnb $8 K  %8  r`seaj G $&8 kl!m )nbtnunb s`gnkn $8 tndub m`blnb r`seaj  $8 

8 K $ inatjr r`seaj

 $@8 kl!m

G $@8 kl!m

G $@8 kl!m G $I8 kl!m

F`reaut nmngnd pegednb jfnt ynbl mnpnt mef`reanb 3 Ljgjblnb

Cjbtj

@$`a ]`rn&e

@$`a %nk&ebl

Ajbtrneb"eanse

D64 0j+

Jfnt =ek-nstnteb gj-nstnteb,

6`burubanb

6ejpnte,

)`bynaet ge-`r natei mnb

M mnb

k`beblantanb

arjbes

trelges`remn,

`b?ek dnte

9`muctns` >bdefetjr 

 petn-nstnteb, rjsu-nstnteb

9`seb nsnk `kp`mu

0jg`stepjg 0jg`s`g-nk 0jg`sternke b

k`bneaanb DM 6`burubanb M, k`bneaanb DM

+snk

+snk

6`burubanb

beajtebnt

beajtebnt

M mnb trelges`remn,

+snk iefrnt

4`kiefrj?eg "`bjiefrnt

k`bneaanb DM 6`burubanb M mnb trelges`remn, k`bneaanb DM

LE ps`t  Ajbstepnse 6`burubanb

]relges`remn  288 kl!m

nfsjrfse jfnt 6uan k`rnd Depjlgea`ke Dep`rures`ken D`pntjtjases LE ps`t 

)`bynaet ge-`r arjbes 4jut pnrnd

Mesp`psen Fntu `kp`mu 6ejpnte

4nbllunb lebng mnb dnte  pnrnd

)`burubnb f`rnt fnmnb mnpnt melubnanb jrgestnt, npnfegn tnrl`t m`blnb t`rnpe bjbinrknajgjle temna k`bcnpne p`burubnb $8  f`rnt fnmnb. Jrgestnt k`kegeae `i`a snkpebl i`s`s f`rg`kna mnb mnpnt k`bllnblu nfsjrfse -etnkeb, seagjspjreb, mnb g`-jterjaseb.

$.2.&. 6`tnfjgesk` mnb Mnrnd Ajb"ese )jgycystec J-nrenb

]nb"n "nb L`+ngn Dersutesk` #tukfud

Jfnt _egenb Agjkei`b setrnt, k`tijrkeb

=ybmrjk`

rnkfut', lguajsn teblle,

#lguajsn teblle'

Dep`rterjem

k`bstrunse temna t`rntur. 4ulup, c`kns, tnaeanrme,

F`tnfgjca`r #nt`bjgjg ntnu

tr`kjr #l`ngn

 prjpnbjgjg'  ubtua l`ngn

terjtjaseajses',

tr`kjr, tnaeanrme, mnb c`kns

a`g`kndnb jtjt, turub

#l`ngn terjtjaseajses' nl`b

 f`rnt fnmnb

nbteterjem #prjpegtdejurnseg,

A`g`kndnb, frnmeanrme,

k`tdekn?jg, A>' `-jterjaseb, gejtderjbeb

Depjterjem

kumnd k`blnbtua, +b`ken 6`lngjfgnstea

 ljet`r  (egne 60< f`snr, begne

=enbjajfngnkeb, nsnk ijgnt

anmnr F$% r`bmnd, ntnu begne anmnr nsnk ijgnt +b`ken +pgnstea

r`bmnd. A`g`kndnb, p`rmnrndnb luse, f`blana pnmn anae, s`rtn begne r`bmnd pnmn r`teaugjset mnb *F0.

+b`ken m`iese`bse f`se

(egne 60< r`bmnd mnb s`ruk i`retreb r`bmnd.

+l`b ekubjsupr`snb 3 k`tegpr`mbesjgjb, seagjspjreb D`knpj`tec 4rjwtd "nctjr 3 ieglnstrek +l`b nbteb`jpgnstea 3 igumnrnfeb A`gntjr 3 M`i`rj5nkeb "` =ugint, "` "uknrnt

Jst`jpjrjses

=naet pnmn tugnbl

=upg`k`btnse angseuk #angseuk

t`rt`btu, p`burubnb

anrfjbnt, angseuk setrnt', i erst 

teblle fnmnb, p`rufndnb

geb` #nsnk ng`bmrjbnt, nsnk

struatur tufud, begne ]

res`bmrjbnt', ngt`rbntei 

scjr` me fnwnd K %,1.

#rngjasei`b, nsnk efnbmrjbnt'

$.2.2. Menf`t`s Menf`t`s metnbmn m`blnb l`ngn 3 pjge-nle #fnbyna knanb', pjgeuren #fnbyna funbl ner a`ceg', mnb pjgemepse #fnbyna kebuk'. Menf`t`s meljgjblanb k`bnme mun tep` utnkn, ynetu tep` > mnb tep` >>. )nmn tep` >, pnse`b g`fed c`bm`rubl k`kegeae f`rnt fnmnb r`bmnd mnb k`blngnke a`tjnsemjses, s`mnblanb pnmn tep` >> c`bm`rubl jf`setns. F`reaut nmngnd tnrl`t t`rnpe mnre menf`t`s k`ggetus 3

Mngnk tntngnasnbn t`rnpe, menf`t`s k`ggetus tep` $ mnb % k`kegeae p`rf`mnnb. F`reaut nmngnd tntngnasnbn t`rnpe k`burut +M+ %8$1 3

Jfnt

A`t`rnblnb

6`tijrkeb

Melubnanb npnfegn t`rnpe bjbinrknajgjle f`guk k`bljbtrjg

>bsugeb E nbtemenf`tean jrng ntnu

anmnr lguajsn pnse`b )nse`b fnru t`rmenlbjsn l`ngn M6 tep` % ntnu t`rnme

ebsugeb tubllng )`bnkfndnb nbtemenf`tean jrng

a`bneanb anmnr lguajsn ntnu Df+$0 +pnfegn nbtemenf`tean jrng temna k`bubuaanb p`rfneanb

a`mun ntnu ebsugeb s`t`gnd & fugnb pnmn begne Df+$0 Mngnk t`rnpe M6 tep` $ dnrus k`bllubnanb ebsugeb. F`reaut nmngnd `bes ebsugeb ynbl mnpnt melubnanb 3

A`r+n Ebs#geb

Cjbtj

_`bll#bnnb

9npem +ctebl

Dukngjl #ebsugeb gesprj', (j-jjl

1 K $1 k`bet s`f`guk knanb

#ebsugeb nspnrt', +pemrn #ebsugeb =djrt +ctebl >bt`rk`ment jbl +ctebl

lgugeseb`' Dukugeb 9, (j-jgeb 9 Dukugeb (, (j-jgeb ( nbtus #ebsugeb lgnrleb`', `-`ker  

&8 k`bet s`f`guk knanb Ckukbyn $ 5 s`dnre Ckukbyn $ 5 s`dnre me wnatu

#ebsugeb m`t`ker'

ynbl snkn

$.2.1. +snk Crnt Ljut  k`rupnanb p`bynaet ynbl metnbmne m`blnb anmnr nsnk urnt s`ruk g`fed f`snr mnre @,N ntnu ,8 kl!mg. )nmn knbn`k`b t`rnpe ljut mnb dep`rures`ken, tuunb t`rnpebyn nmngnd 3 $. 6`blurnble s`rnblnb naut. %. 6`bldebmnre t`rnmebyn s`rnblnb. &. 6`bldebmnre ajkpgeanse ynbl mes`fnfanb jg`d p`bukpuanb arjbes arestng nsnk urnt me nreblnb. )`bllubnnb jfnt pnmn t`rnpe ljut nmngnd ubtua k`bmuaubl t`rcnpnebyn tuunb t`rnpe. Ajbmese ebignknse mnpnt me ntnse m`blnb p`kf`renb (=+>M, ajrteajst`rjem, ntnu ajgaeseb, s`mnblanb ubtua k`bc`lnd s`rnblnb ljut  m`blnb k`blntur anmnr nsnk urnt mngnk mnrnd nlnr temna g`fed mnre @,N ntnu ,8 kl!mg mnpnt melubnanb nggjpurebjg, i`fu5jstnt, ntnu prjf`b`sem. Ajb"ese Dep`rures`ken

A`t`rnblnb "erst geb` ynbl melubnanb nmngnd nggjpurebjg ntnu

i`fu5jsnt. +pnfegn ng`rle t`rdnmnp 5nbtdeb` j5emns` ebdefetjr #;J>' fesn melubnanb prjf`b`sem. Ajkfebnse ;J> #nggjpurebjg ntnu i`fu5jsnt' mnb nl`b ureajsurea #prjf`b`sem' t`ranmnbl mefutudanb. )`bm`retn lnlng lebng dnrus k`blntur mjses

>bignknse

nggjpurebjg. Dnrus menss`sk`bt teblant ebignknse mnb teblant by`re #by`re melubnanb -esung nbngjl scng` #M, ajrteajst`rjem, mnb ajgaeseb.

$.2.@. 6nbn`k`b (y`re !"# _neb $nmm`r% F`reaut nmngnd p`kfnlenb pneb gnmm`r mnb t`rnpe ynbl melubnanb 3

]eblant (y`re 9eblnb #8 K &'

]`rnpe )nrns`tnkjg @18 kl, nspereb 188 kl, efuprji`b 288 kl, ntnu (=+>M fesn metnkfnd (=+>M gneb,

6`b`blnd #2 K @' )nrnd # K $8'

nbtem`pr`snb treseagea, mnb jfnt a`nbl )nrns`tnkjg &%1 kl E jpejem #ajm`eb' 6jrieb ntnu i`btnbeg fesn metnkfnd (=+>M gneb, nbtem`pr`snb treseagea, mnb jfnt a`nbl

>!,!-! @&eg`&se .`bes @&eg`&se

Ierst Geb` k`b#r#t /A  

Ngt`rbnte$ k`b#r#t /A 

)nrteng =`e?ur`

L#e"`geb` Anrfnkn?`peb, gnkjtreleb

L#e"`geb` `-`ternc`tnk, j5anrfn?`peb,

#Menlbjses Fnru' )nrteng =`e?ur`

nkjtreleb, j5cnrfn?`peb,

nsnk -ngprjnt 

#r`irnctjry

tjpernknt

kjbjtd`rnpy' )nrteng =`e?ur`

Anrfnkn?`peb, agjfn?nk,

ncjsnkem, i`bjfnrfetng,

#r`irnctjry nmubct'

lnfnp`bteb, gnkjtreleb,

i`betjeb, pr`lnfngeb, tenlnfeb,

g`-`ternc`tnk, j5cnrfn?`peb,

-elnfntreb, ?jbesnkem

4`b`rnge?`m =`e?ur`

nsnk -ngprjnt, tjpernknt /tjasusekem, gnkjtreleb, nsnk

Agjfn?nk, agjbn?`pnk,

nfs`bc`

-ngprjnt

g`-`ternc`tnk, tjpernknt,

)reknry l`b`rng #tjbec

+snk -ngprjnt, gnkjtreleb,

?jbesnkem Agjfn?nk, g`-`ternc`tnk,

cgjbec' Hu-`beg` kyjcgjbec

anrfnkn?`peb, j5anrfn?`peb /tjasusekem, gnkjtreleb, nsnk

tjpernknt Agjfn?nk, agjbn?`pnk,

`peg`psy

-ngprjnt

g`-`ternc`tnk, tjpernknt, ?jbesnkem

$.2.N. +skn )nmn ajbmese nskn, pnse`b dnrus s`rebl meajbtrjg. Ajbtrjg mnpnt k`bllubnanb sperjk`tre mnb k`knbtnu ir`au`bse s`rnblnb nskn. F`reaut nmngnd tndnpnb mngnk t`rnpe nskn mnb r`ajk`bmnse ynbl mef`reanb 3

Jfnt ynbl melubnanb mngnk t`rnpe nskn nmngnd s`fnlne f`reaut 3 Jfnt +F+ #jbl +ctebl F`tn% +ljbes' 3

A`t`rnblnb Melubnanb ruteb mngnk p`bljfntnb nskn

sngk`t`rjg =+F+ #=djrt +ctebl F`tn% +ljbes' 3

Melubnanb npnfegn k`rnsn nanb s`sna 

sngfutnkjg #ngfut`rjg' mnb ijrkjt`rjg Ajrteajst`rjem

#)9(' Dnrus nmn k`anbesk` tnppebl . +pnfegn melubnanb s`cnrn ebdngnse dnrus aukur

]`jiegeb

ubtua k`bldebmnre nkur me kugut =`fneabyn melubnanb me nk ynbl snkn mnb wnspnmn t`rdnmnp jfnt ebmus`r knupub ebdefetjr.

$.2.I. >bi`ase mnb )`bllubnnb +btefejtean Mngnk k`keged nbtefejtean, dnrus k`kp`rtekfnblanb sp`atruk nbtefejtean #guns ntnu s`kpet' mnb tep` kearjfen #n`rjf ntnu nbn`rjf'. F`reaut nmngnd ansus pegednb mngnk p`bllubnnb nbtefejtean 3 Eb$`ase =ngurnb (nins +tns

_egenb nbtefejtean 4jgjblnb p`besegeb, ljgjblnb auebjgjb, ljgjblnb knarjgemn,

=ngurnb (nins Fnwnd

ljgjblnb t`trnseageb. 4jgjblnb p`besegeb, ljgjblnb auebjgjb, ljgjblnb knarjgemn,

=ngurnb A`ked

ljgjblnb t`trnseageb. )`rjrng 3 0jtrekj5n?jg I@8 kl, ijsijkeseb, nkjasesegeb agn-ugnbnt, seprjigjasnseb, g`-jigjasnseb >b`ase 3 l`btnkeseb, tjfrnkeseb, nkpesegebsugfnatnk,

 "%pygjre ]uf`raugjses

c`itren5jb, c`itn?emek, seprjigjasnseb, g`-jigjasnseb. &erst geb` ' agnretjkeseb E nkjasesegeb ntnu k`trjbemn?jg Cbtua k`kumndanb ajkfebnse t`rnpe ]F0 melubnanb

seblantnb. D : >(D, 9 : 9einkpeseb, B : )ern?ebnkem, / : /tnkfutjg, = : =tr`ptjkeseb. "ns` ebt`bsei 3 melubnanb s`tenp dnre s`gnkn mun fugnb. 6ebekng & lnfublnb jfnt ukukbyn melubnanb %D9B/ ntnu %D9B. "ns` gnbutnb 3 s`t`gnd mun fugnb mebyntnanb F]+ #', megnbutanb 2 fugnb m`blnb mjses % K & 5 s`kebllu #2D&9&'. "ns` sesepnb 3 npnfegn menader ins` ebt`bsei mebyntnanb F]+ #E' melubnanb $ fugnb lnfublnb D9B/ #$D9B/'. 9`gnps, lnlng, ntnu ankfud 3 melubnanb %D9B/= megnbut D9B/ megnbut 1D&9&/&.

FNLENB ) INVKN%@]EAN MNB ]@ABJGJLE INVKN%E

%.$. =`mennb "nrknse %.$.$. Fejinrkns`tean )nmn p`kfuntnb jfnt, dnrus mep`rdnteanb a`gns p`blljgnblnb jfnt k`burut F=0. F`reaut nmngnd a`gns p`kfnlenb jfnt f`rmnsnranb F=0 3 A`gns F%C > #a`gnrutnb f`snr,

Vnt` Geketebl %t`& A`c`pntnb mesjguse

%jg#se 6`bnkfndanb fndnb

 p`rk`nfegetns teblle'

ubtua k`kp`rc`pnt

>> #a`gnrutnb a`ceg,

mesjguse 6`bnkfndanb fndnb

A`gnrutnb s`bynwn

 p`k`nfegetns teblle'

ynbl mnpnt k`beblantanb a`gnrutnb

>>> #a`gnrutnb teblle,

)`rk`nfegetns s`bynwn

s`bynwn 6`bnkfndanb

 p`rk`nfegetns r`bmnd'

 p`rk`nfegety `bdnbc`r 

>< #a`gnrutnb r`bmnd,

]emna mea`tndue #temna nmn dufublnb

 pnmn ijrkugnse 

 p`rk`nfegetns r`bmnd'

nbtnrn eb-etrj mnb eb-e-j'

%.$.%. )nmnt =`mennb pnmnt cjbtjdbyn nmngnd s`rfua, lrnbug, tnfg`t, mnb anpsug. )nmn s`mennb pnmnt npnfegn ebleb mefunt tnfg`t dnrus k`kp`rdnteanb f`btua pnrtea`g, uaurnb pnrtea`g, mnb seint aeken, s`deblln mnpnt met`btuanb cnrn p`kfuntnb tnfg`t. K`tj"` 4rnbugnse Fnsnd

A`t`rnblnb =`bynwn natei tndnb ner mnb pnbns, seint nger `g`a, megnauanb

4rnbugnse A`rebl

 p`kfuntnb knssn m`blnb p`bleant, mea`reblanb gngu menyna. =`bynwn natei temna tndnb pnbns mnb ner, seint nger `g`a, megnauanb a`kpn m`blnb fndnb p`blese gngu mednbcuranb mnb

A`kpn nblsubl

menyna. =`bynwn natei temna tndnb pnbns mnb ner, seint nger fnea.

)nmn p`kfuntnb anpsug, dnrus mep`rdnteanb seint nger cnkpurnb anr`bn f`rp`blnrud pnmn a`s`rnlnknb fjfjt snnt p`blesenb anpsug. +bngeses fndnb s`mennb pnmnt mnpnt f`rupn p`b`tnpnb fuga m`bsety mnb sumut menk. Mngnk ajbtrjg aungetns s`mennb pnmnt mnpnt megnauanb a`s`rnlnknb fjfjt, a`s`rnlnknb anmnr, mnb ue mesjguse. Cbtua ue stnfegetns mnpnt megnauanb k`burut >0D. %.$.&. =`kepnmnt =`mennb s`kepnmnt cjbtjdbyn nmngnd sng`p, arek, mnb l`g. )nmn p`kfuntnb s`mennb s`kepnmnt, dnrus k`kp`rdnteanb seint demrjiegesetns mnb stnfegetns s`bynwn natei, s`deblln mnpnt met`btuanb cnrn  p`kfuntnb s`mennb s`kepnmnt. +pnfegn mngnk p`bcnkpurnb arek m`blnb sng`p dnrus melubnanb surinatnb nlnr temna t`rnme p`kesndnb ins`. )`kegednb `kuglntjr mngnk p`kfuntnb arek snblnt mep`rguanb m`blnb k`bldetubl begne DF ynbl mep`rguanb. Ckukbyn s`bynwn ynbl demrjijf mefunt s`mennb sng`p mnb arek `kugse j!w s`rtn s`bynwn demrjieg mefunt s`mennb l`g ntnu arek `kugse w!j. Mngnk ajbtrjg aungetns s`mennb s`kepnmnt mnpnt megnauanb a`s`rnlnknb fjfjt, a`s`rnlnknb anmnr, ue p`g`pnsnb jfnt, ue mnyn g`ant, mnb ue p`by`fnrnb. Cbtua ue stnfegetns mnpnt megnauanb k`burut >0D.

%.$.2. 0ner  =`mennb cner cjbtjdbyn nmngnd gnrutnb, susp`bse, mnb `kugse. )nmn p`kfuntnb s`mennb cner, dnrus k`kp`rdnteanb pjgnretns, stnfegetns, mnb a`gnrutnb s`bynwn natei, s`deblln mnpnt met`btuanb cnrn  p`kfuntnb s`mennb cner. =`mennb cner mnpnt mef`mnanb k`bnme mun, ynetu st`reg mnb bjbst`reg. )nmn  p`kfuntnb s`mennb st`reg, stnfegetns s`bynwn natei dnrus mep`rdnteanb anr`bn nanb k`keged k`tjm` st`regesnse ntnu p`kfuntnb s`mennb st`reg. )nmn gnrutnb, s`bynwn natei dnrus k`gnrut pnmn k`meuk mesp`rse. )nmn susp`bse, s`bynwn natei dnrus t`rmesp`rse pnmn k`meuk mesp`rse. )nmn s`mennb `kugse, s`bynwn natei dnrus mnpnt f`rpnrtese pnmn k`meuk mesp`rse. Mngnk p`kfuntnb s`mennb cner, k`tjm`  p`beblantnb a`gnrutnb s`bynwn #sjgufegesnse' mnpnt megnauanb m`blnb p`blufndnb pD gnrutnb,  p`bnkfndnb surinatnb, ntnu k`bnkfndanb ajsjg-`b nlnr kumnd k`gnrut. Mngnk p`kfuntnb susp`bse, fndnb tnkfndnb mnpnt f`rupn nl`b igjaugnse #p`bc`lnd p`b`kp`gnb pnrtea`g m`blnb tjgnanb kuntnb gestrea' mnb tdeca`bebl nl`bt #k`bnkfnd a`a`btngnb k`meuk mesp`rse nlnr pnrtea`g temna kumnd k`bl`bmnp'% Mngnk p`kfuntnb `kugse, dnrus mep`rdnteanb `kuglntjr ynbl melubnanb s`rtn begne DF ynbl nanb melubnanb. =`mennb `kugse mnb susp`bse dnrus meajcja mndugu mngnk  p`bllubnnb nlnr p`by`fnrnb s`bynwn natei k`rntn. =`mennb `kugse mnb susp`bse mesnrnbanb temna mesekpnb mngnk g`knre `s anr`bn mnpnt k`blufnd p`by`fnrnb pnrtea`g mnb p`kesndnb ins` `kugse. Mngnk ajbtrjg aungetns s`mennb s`kepnmnt mnpnt megnauanb a`s`rnlnknb -jguk` mnb a`s`rnlnknb anmnr. Cbtua ue stnfegetns mnpnt megnauanb k`burut >0D. %.$.1. 4ns =`mennb lns cjbtjdbyn nmngnd n`rjsjg mnb sprny. )nmn p`kfuntnb s`mennb lns, dnrus k`kp`rdnteanb -jgntegetns s`bynwn natei, `bes prjp`gnb, mnb ajkpntefegetns s`bynwn natei m`blnb prjp`gnb, s`deblln mnpnt met`btuanb cnrn p`kfuntnb s`mennb lns. =`mennb lns dnrus mesekpnb nud mnre npe nlnr temna k`g`mna. %.$.@. )rjmua Fejgjles )rjmua fejgjles cjbtjdbyn nmngnd prjt`eb r`ajkfebnb, -naseb, s`ruk, mnb tjasjem. )nmn p`kfuntnb  prjmua fejgjles dnrus mep`rdnteanb tuunb p`bllubnnb, stnfegetns s`bynwn natei, mnb k`tjm`  p`kfuntnb. Dng ebe meanr`bnanb f`f`rnpn prjmua fejgjles snblnt s`bsetei, s`deblln mnpnt rusna jg`d geblaublnb ynbl temna s`sune #sudu, jasel`b, mnb pD'. F`f`rnpn -naseb mnb tjasjem metnkfndanb  p`blnw`t, s`deblln dnrus melubnanb p`blnw`t ynbl temna k`rusna s`bynwn nateibyn. Ckukbyn  prjmua fejgjles dnrus mesekpnb mesudu % K N j0 nlnr temna rusna. %.%. "nrknse >bmustre

%.%.$. Aungeieanse mnb bstngnse Aungeieanse Jp`rnsejbng Aungeieanse )`rijrkn ?? ( pD ∖ pAn )

> + >?

 t`rejbesnse :  t`rejbesnse :

>?? ( + >? >??

> + ?,?>

 t`rejbesnse : II   temna t`rejbesnse : $88 K II : $  +tnu irnase tna t`rejb : 8,8$ )npp : ) 5 irnase tna t`rejb )npp : @1 5 8,8$ : 8,@1 ( Ajbs`btrnse S`bynwn Mnnk Ins` !rlnbea ) )npp : ( Ajbs`btrnse S`bynwn Mnnk Ins` F`rner ) 3= bl / kG )npp : ( Ajbs`btrnse S`bynwn Mnnk Ins` F`rner ) 3= bl / kG Ajbs`btrnse mngnk )gnskn : ?,90

Ajbs`btrnse mngnk )gnskn : 1%,&$ bl!k 2.%.

Aeken +bngeses Ajb-`bsejbng +bngeses aeken ajb-`bsejbng k`bllubnanb ngnt nbngeses s`m`rdnbn s`p`rte -jguk`tre mnb lrn-ek`tre. F`reaut nmngnd f`f`rnpn k`tjm` ynbl s`rebl melubnanb 3 K`tj"` 4rn-ek`tre

_rebse& )`rf`mnnb fjfjt t`tnp snnt

A`t`rnblnb Ckukbyn pnmn nbngeses anmnr 

]etrnse F`fns +er

metekfnbl 9`nase nsnk fnsn ynbl mnpnt

nfu mnb susut p`bl`reblnb +bngeses nsnk mnb fnsn g`knd

 (etrek`tre

melnbllu jg`d nmnbyn ner  9`nase men?jtnse k`bekfuganb

+bngeses betret mnb s`bynwn

Ajkpg`asjk`tre

 p`rufndnb wnrbn 9`nase ajkpg`as nbtnrn /M]+

turubnb suginbegnkem +bngeses gjlnk -ng`bse % mnb &

]etrnse 9`mjas

s`deblln k`bekfuganb wnrbn 9`nase r`mjas mngnk gnrutnb

+bngeses s`rek`tre #0`',  p`rknblnbjk`tre, ejmj

]etrnse )`bl`bmnpnb

A`gnrutnb s`bynwn dnseg r`nase

ejmek`tre +bngeses nrl`btjk`tre ubtua 

+semengangek`tre

ynbl kumnd k`bl`bmnp 9`nase nsnk fnsn ynbl temna 

anmnr (n0g +bngeses fnsn mnb nsnk aunt

melnbllu ner 

2.&.

Aeken +bngeses >bstruk`btng

+bngeses aeken ebstruk`btng k`bllubnanb ngnt nbngeses f`rupn ebstruk`b s`p`rte sp`atrjijtjk`tre, arjkntjlrnie, mnb `g`atrjijr`ses. F`reaut nmngnd f`f`rnpn k`tjm` ynbl s`rebl melubnanb 3 6`tjm` =p`atrjijtjk`tre

Arjkntjlrnie npes ]epes

)rebsep )`by`rnpnb sp`atruk

A`t`rnblnb =p`atrjijtjk`tre C?.??? .???  'p >?.??? .??? Dnrln p`r fjtjg : E #$8  5 ' 6???

6???

Dnrln p`r fjtjg : 9p 1.888 E 9p 188 : 9p 1.188  f. )`bungnb jfnt me +pjt`a  )nmn p`bungnb jfnt me +pjt`a, ukukbyn k`bllubnanb DH+ m`blnb rukus 3 DH+ : Dnrln ung E # a`bneanb 5 Dnrln ung' F`rnpnand dnrln +ggjpurebjg $88 kl npnfegn sntu tnfg`t f`rdnrln 9p 188 mnb p`rs`b a`bneanb nggjpurebjg $88 kl nmngnd %1 O DH+ : 9p 188 E #8,%1 5 9p 188' DH+ : $,%1 5 9p 188 DH+ : 9p @%1 1.&. 6nbn`k`b "nrknse 6nbn`k`b inrknse f`rijaus pnmn *rul +nbnl`k`bt Cycg` s`p`rte pnmn lnkfnr me fnwnd ebe 3