Panduan Penulisan RPH MRSM BPM MRSM 2018

 

=

OMDMICMK XGKBCBCFMK @GKGKIMD @M_M 

XMKBWMK XGKWLCQMK _MKAMKIMK XGKIMNM_MK DM_CMK 

BCQWQWK ELGD > _EQCLMYMRC OCKRC MOBWL _MD@MK QCRC _MDCL OCKRC CQ@MCL KEE_ KMQ_CSMD OCKRC MOBWLLMD

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

?

RCKRM XGKM

Qyufur Mldm`bulcllmd fgrmkm bgkimk czck-Kym Xmkbumk Xgkulcsmk _mkamkimk Xgkimnmrmk Dmrcmk (_XD) vgrsc omdmru ckc bmpmt bcscmpfmk bgkimk  nmymkym.

Xmkbumk Xgkulcsmk _XD ckc bcdmsclfmk bgkimk ogrtuknmkifmk fgpmbm  M Jrm`gwerf jer Rgmadcki  (MJJR). MJJR `glcputc sgimlm mspgf bmlm` tmkiiukinmwmo sgermki iuru ymki bmpmt bclcdmt `glmluc tuims-tuims dmrcmk `grgfm. Bmlm` usmdm `gkckifmtfmk fumlctc pgkbcbcfmk, tcbmf oelgd tcbmf sgsgermki pgkbcbcf ctu dmruslmd `grmkamki Xgkimnmrmk & Xg`oglmnmrmk (XbX) ymki omfml bclmfsmkmfmk bgkimk sgomcf-omcf pgrmkamkimk. Omf fmtm pgpmtmd Ckiigrcs “ jmclcki te plmk cs plmkkcki te jmcl  . Ckc ogr`mfkm fgimimlmk iuru ‐ ‐  

`grmkamki XbX ymki gjcsygk pmstc mfmk `gruicfmk pglomimc pcdmf. Ogsmrlmd dmrmpmk smym mimr pmkbumk pgkulcsmk ckc bmpmt bc`mkjmmtfmk elgd pcdmf `mftmo bmlm` usmdm `g`mktmpfmk lmic presgs pgkimnmrmk, pg`oglmnmrmk bmk pg`ubmdamrmmk ymki sgtgruskym `g`oelgdfmk lgimsc scstg` pgkbcbcfmk bc @_Q@ ogrtm`omd ag`grlmki sgcrcki bgkimk pgruomdmk pgkbcbcfmk bc pgrckifmt ileoml.

Mfdcr fmtm, smym ckick `grmfm`fmk uampmk pgkidmrimmk bmk tmdkcmd fgpmbm sg`um pcdmf ymki tgrlcomt bmlm` `gknmymfmk pmkbumk pgkulcsmk ckc.

FM@M_W^M@MK FM@M_W^M@ MK OCK NMJJM_ F@K

Xgkimrmd Omdmicmk Xgkbcbcfmk @gkgkimd @M_M

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

1

X_MFMRM

Mssmlm`umlmcfu` wmrmd`mtullmdc wmomrmfmtud bmk Qmlm` =@M_M

Oufu Xmkbumk Xgkulcsmk _mkamkimk Xgkimnmrmk Dmrcmk ckc bcdmsclfmk bgkimk tunumk `gknmbc runufmk ogrckjer`msc fgpmbm pmrm pgkbcbcf bc @mftmo _gkbmd Qmcks @M_M bmlm` `grmkamki bmk `glmfsmkmfmk Xgkimnmrmk bmk Xg`oglmnmrmk (XbX) sgamrm fedgrgk bmk delcstcf. Qglmrms bgkimk pgrfg`omkimk bukcm pgkbcbcfmk ileoml ogrtgrmsfmk Xgkbcbcfmk Momb fg-?= (XMF ?=), Omdmicmk Xgkbcbcfmk @gkgkimd (OX@) @M_M fe`ctgb uktuf `gknmbc pusmt fgag`grlmkimk mfmbg`cf, pg`mkifck fgpmbm pg`ogktufmk smdscmd tgrpunc, agrims jczcfml bmk ogroubmym gktrgprgkgur bmlm` fmlmkimk pglmnmr.

Oufu ckc bcdmrmp bmpmt bc`mkjmmtfmk sgpgkudkym elgd pgkbcbcf @M_M fdususkym bc @_Q@ bmlm` `gknmkm pg`cfcrmk bmk oubmym fgrnm ogrscstg`mtcf, frgmtcj bmk ckevmtcj bmlm` pgkimnmrmk. Ogrsgsumcmk bgkimk Jmlsmjmd Xgkbcbcfmk Fgomkismmk, XbX pgrlulmd `gkgfmkfmk `gkgfmkfmk mspgf FOMR bgkimk ogrjefus f fgpmbm gpmbm pgkbgfmtmk pgkbgfmtmk Xgkimnmrmk & Xg`oglmnmrmk Ogrmsmsfmk Ckfucrc, Ogrpusmtfmk @urcb bmk Ogrmsmsfmk Xrengf sgrtm `g`gkudc Xrejcl @urcb Momb fg-?= ogrbmsmrfmk fgpgrlumk bmlm` Furcfulu` Qtmkbmrb Qgfelmd @gkgkimd (FQQ@) ymki `ulm bcpgrfgkmlfmk pmbm tmduk ?8=9.

Xgkidmsclmk `ebul pgkimnmrmk ymki `g`gkudc fgpgrlumk Furcfulu` Qtmkbmrb Qgfelmd @gkgkimd (FQQ@) dmruslmd bclmfsmkmfmk sgamrm ogrsm`m-sm`m `glmluc Lgssek Qtuby   bmlm` Xrejgsscekml Lgmrkcki Ae``ukcty  (XLA)  (XLA) bc `mftmo. Fctm sglmfu wmrim pgkbcbcf dmruslmd `gkiig`olgki cbgm bmk tgkmim uktuf `grmkamki pgkimnmrmk bmk pg`oglmnmrmk ymki ogracrcfmk Xgkbcbcfmk Momb fg-?= (XMF ?=). Bmlm` `gkbgpmkc amomrmk pgkbcbcfmk ileoml ymki `mkm _gvelusc Ckbustrc 2.8 sgomimc amomrmk utm`m, `mfm wmrim pgkbcbcf @_Q@ dmrus tgrfgbgpmk bmlm` `glmfsmkmfmk XbX tgrogzm, cstc`gwm, ogr`mfkm bmk delcstcf.

Mfdcr fmtm, symoms bmk tmdkcmd fgpmbm sg`um pcdmf ymki tgrlcomt `gknmymfmk oufu ckc. Qg`eim Xmkbumk Xgkulcsmk _XD ckc `gknmbc pmkbumk ogriukm fgpmbm pmrm pgkbcbcf uktuf `gkbcbcf mkmf omkism bc @_Q@ fgrmkm `grgfm ckclmd ckclmd `ebml cksmk dmrmpmk kusm bmk om omkism. kism. Qgfcmk, tgrc`m fmscd.

YMK MCKC^MD OCKRC M_CJJCK

Rc`omlmk Xgkimrmd C (Xg`omkiukmk Furcfulu`) Omdmicmk Xgkbcbcfmk @gkgkimd @M_M ©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

2

OMDMICMK XGKBCBCFMK @GKGKIMD @M_M 

QGKM_MC LM@XC_MK  OCL

XG_FM_M

@/Q

=.

Rg`plmt _mkamkimk Xgkimnmrmk Dmrcmk Dmrcmk /  / Bmcly Lgssek Xlmk Rg`plmtg  Rg`plmtg 

7-3

?.

Xgktmfscrmk Jer`mtcj / Jer`mtcvg Mssgss`gkt  

=8-1=

1.

Xg`ogzmmk/Bcjjgrgktcmtcek   Xg`ogzmmk/Bcjjgrgktcmtcek

1?-71

2.

Glg`gk @grgktms Furcfulu` (G@F)/ (G@F)/Aress-Aurrcaulmr Aress-Aurrcaulmr Glg`gkts  Glg`gkts 

72-:8

7.

Kclmc/Qcfmp/Zmlug   Kclmc/Qcfmp/Zmlug

:=-:4

:.

Qtrmtgic/Qtrmtgiy   Qtrmtgic/Qtrmtgiy 

:3-92

9.

Xg`oglmnmrmk Momb Fg-?=/ ?=st  Agktury Lgmrkcki Matcvctcgs  Matcvctcgs 

97-44

4.

Omdmk Omktu Oglmnmr/ Qu`ogr _unufmk Rgmadcki & Lgmrkcki Mcbs/ _gseurags _gjgrgkags  _gjgrgkags 

43-=81

3.

_gjlgfsc/ Amtmtmk

=82-===

_gjlgatcek// Ketgs _gjlgatcek Ketgs   =8. Mftcvctc Xgkimnmrmk & Xg`oglmnmrmk (7X) Rgmadcki & Lgmrkcki Matcvctcgs (7G)  (7G) 

==?-=?1

==. Aekted-aekt Aekted-aekted ed _XD Quongf FQQ@/ Qm`plgs ej FQQ@ Lgssek Xlmks (Oy Quongats)

=?2-?1=

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

7

OMDMICMK XGKBCBCFMK @GKGKIMD @M_M 

Rg`plmt _mkamkimk Xgkimnmrmk Dmrcmk

B mc ly Lg L gssek ssek X Xlmk lmk R Rg g`plmt lmtg g

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

:

_MKAMKIMK XGKIMNM_MK DM_CMK QWONGF > ……………………………..  ……………………………..  FGLMQ

RCKIFMRMK RM_CFD

@CKIIW

@MQM FGDMBC_MK

RG@XMR RG@M/REXCF/ OCBMKI XG@OGLMNM_MK QRMKBM_B FMKBWKIMK

QRMKBM_B XG@OGLMNM_MK

EONGFRCJ XG@OGLMNM_MK/ F_CRG_CM FGNMSMMK LMKIFMDLMKIFMD

XGKILCOMRMK

XGKG_EFMMK

XGKG_MKIMK

XGKIG@OMKIMK XGKCLMCMK XGKWRWX/ _W@WQMK GLG@GK @G_GKRMQ FW_CFWLW@ (G@F)  KCLMC / QCFMX QCFMX

QR_MRGIC

XG@OGLMNM_MK MOMB FG-?=

©OX@@M_M?8=4

Xmbm mfdcr pgkimnmrmk bmk pg`oglmnmrmk, pglmnmr bmpmt >

MFRCZCRC XGKIMNM_MK & XG@OGLMNM_MK

XGKRMFQC_MK XGKRMFQC_M K JE_@MRCJ

XG@OG^MMK

 

9

OMDMK OMKRW OGLMNM_/ QW@OG_/ _WNWFMK _GJLGFQC

AMRMRMK

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

4

BMCLS LGQQEK XLMK QWONGAR > …………………………….. ……………………………..   JE_@ BMRG

ALMQQ YGGF

RC@G

ZGKWG

MRRGKBMKAG

RDG@G/REXCA/ LGM_KCKI M_GM AEKRGKR QRMKBM_B

LGM_KCKI QRMKBM_B LGM_KCKI EONGARCZGQ/ QWAAGQQ A_CRG_CM QRGXQ GKIMIG@GKR

GTXLE_MRCEK

GTXLMKMRCEK

GLMOE_MRCEK

GZMLWMRCEK

ALEQW_G/ QW@@M_CQMRCEK  

A_EQQAW__CAWLM_ GLG@GKRQ ZMLWGQ / QCFMX QR_MRGIS

?=st LGM_KCKI MARCZCRCGQ

©OX@@M_M?8=4

Mt tdg gkb ej tdg lgssek, m stubgkt cs molg te >

RGMADCKI & LGM_KCKI MARCZCRCGQ

JE_@MRCZG MQQGQQ@GKR

BCJJG_GKRCMRCEK

 

3

RGMADCKI & LGM_KCKI MCBQ/ QEW_AGQ/ _GJG_GKAGQ _GJLGARCEK

_G@M_FQ

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=8

OMDMICMK XGKBCBCFMK @GKGKIMD @M_M 

Xgktmfscrmk Jer`mtcj J er `mtctcvg vg M ssg ssgss` ss`g gkt  

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

==

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=?

EKRGKRQ Oeef Rwe> :8 Jer`mtcvg Mssgss`gkt Qtrmtgicgs .......................................................................... .................................................................................. ........ =7 .................................................................................................................................. =7 Ketg te Rgmadgrs .................................................................................................................................. ......................................................................................................................... ................................................................. =7 Yde cs Kmtmlcg _gicgr5 ........................................................

Dew begs mssgss`gkt jct ckte ckstruatcek5 ......................................................................................... ......................................................................................... =7 Ydmt cs jer`mtcvg mssgss`gkt5 ....................................................... ............................................................................................................ ..................................................... =: Ydgk mrg je jer`mtcvg r`mtcvg mssgss`gkt strmtgicgs usgb5 .......................................................... ............................................................................... ..................... =: Ydy mrg jer`mtcvg mssgss`gkt strmtgicgs usgb5 ....................................... ................................................................................. .......................................... =9 Dew be C bgtgr`ckg wdmt typg ej jer`mtcvg mssgss`gkt strmtgiy te usg5.......................................... =9 Dew amk tgmadgrs usg tdg mssgss`gkt ckjer`mtcek5 ........................................................................... =9 Dew amk stubgkts usg tdg mssgss`gkt ckje ckjer`mtcek5 r`mtcek5 ...................................................... ........................................................................... ..................... =4

JE_@MRCZG MQQGQQ@GKR QR_MRGICGQ JE_ RGMADG_Q  ..................................................................... ..................................................................... =4 => MOA Ormckster`cki ...................................... ......................................................................................................... ...................................................................................... ................... =4 ?> Mkmleicgs .............................. ................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................. .......................................... =4 1> Adgaflcsts ............................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... ........... =4 2> Aderml _gspeksg .............................................................. ............................................................................................................................... ................................................................. ?8 7> Alezg Xreagburg ........................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ........ ?8 :> Aekagpt @mps ................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................... ?8 9> Aekjgrgkags ...................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... ?8 4> Ae`putgr Qurvgys ............................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ?8 3> Bg`ekstrmtcek Qtmtceks ......................................... ............................................................................................................ ........................................................................... ........ ?8 =8> Bcsaussceks ................................................ ................................................................................................................. ...................................................................................... ..................... ?= ==> Beuolg Gktry Neurkmls .................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................... ................... ?= =?> Brmwckis .............................................................. .............................................................................................................................. ........................................................................... ........... ?= =1> G`mcl ]ugstceks .............................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................. ?= =2>Gxm`plgs/Kek-Gxm`plgs ........................................................... ................................................................................................................. ...................................................... ?= =7> Gxct Amrbs......................................... Amrbs......................................................................................................... ................................................................................................ ................................ ?? =:> Jcst ej Jcvg ................................................. .................................................................................................................. ...................................................................................... ..................... ?? =9> Jeur Aerkgrs ................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................... ?? =4> Irmjjctc Ymll ........................ ........................................................................................... ............................................................................................................. .......................................... ?? ©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=1

=3> Irmpdca Erimkczgrs.......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ?1 ?8> Ckbcvcbuml Ydctgoemrbs............................................................. ................................................................................................................... ...................................................... ?1 ?=> Ckscbg-Eutscbg Acralg .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ................... ?1 ??> Lgmrkcki Leis ................................................................... .................................................................................................................................. ............................................................... ?1 ?1> Lcst =8 Rdckis ........................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................... ........... ?2 ?2> @mtadcki Ma Matcvctcgs tcvctcgs ......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ?2 ?7> Eosgrvmtceks .................................................................... ................................................................................................................................... ............................................................... ?2 ?:> Ekg @ckutg Gssmys .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ?7 ?9> Ekg @ckutg Jlugkay ....................................................... ........................................................................................................................ ................................................................. ?7 ?4> Ekg Qgktgkag Qu``mrcgs ......................................................... ............................................................................................................... ...................................................... ?7 ?3> Epgk-Gkbgb ]ugstceks ............................. .............................................................................................. ...................................................................................... ..................... ?7 18> Xmpgr Xmss ....................................... ....................................................................................................... ................................................................................................ ................................ ?7 1=> Xggr-Mssgss`gkts ................................................ ................................................................................................................... ........................................................................... ........ ?: 1?> Xlmag`mts .................................................. ................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................... ..................... ?: 11> Xreolg` Qelvcki .............................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................. ?: 12> ]ugstcekkmcrgs ................... ...................................................................................... ............................................................................................................. .......................................... ?: 17> ]ugstcekcki ........................ ........................................................................................... ............................................................................................................. .......................................... ?: 1:> ]ucaf Yrctgs......................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ........................................................................... ........... ?9 19> _gjlgatcek Neurkmls ......................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ................................................................. ?9 14> _gpgmt Xrg-mssgss`gkts ........................... ............................................................................................ ...................................................................................... ..................... ?9 13> _gspeksg Amrbs .................. ..................................................................................... ............................................................................................................. .......................................... ?9 28> Qglj-Mssgss`gkts............................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ?9 2=> Qgktgkag Xre`pts ... ...................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ ..................................................... ?4 2?> Qdew ej Dmkbs ............................................................... ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................. ?4 21> Qtubgkt Ae`pesgb ]ugstceks ........................................................................ ........................................................................................................ ................................ ?4 22> Rgmad m Jrcgkb ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ?4 27> Rdckf-Xmcr-Qdmrg.............................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................. ?4 2:> Rdrgg Jmats mkb m Jco .............................................................................................................. ...................................................................................................................... ........ ?3 29> Rdrgg @ckutg Xmusg ....................................................... ........................................................................................................................ ................................................................. ?3 24> Rdrgg Rdckis ......................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ........................................................................... ........... ?3 ©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=2

23> 1-?-= .......................................................... ........................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................... ..................... ?3 78> Rdu`os Wp, Rdu`os Be Bewk wk............................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................. ?3 7=> Rrmjjca Lcidt ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... 18 7?> Rurk mkb Rmlf ..................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................. ............................. 18 71> Ydcp Mreukb ..................................................................... .................................................................................................................................. ............................................................... 18

JE_@MRCZG MQQGQQ@GKR QR_MRGICGQ JE_ QRWBGKR WQG  ............................................................... 18 72> Msf ........................................ ......................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................... .......................................... 18 77> Adgaflcsts ............................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ........................................................................... ........... 18 7:> Neurkmls ............................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... ............................................................... 1= 79> Xreagss Gxg`plmrs ......................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ................................................................. 1= 74> Xrebuat Gxg`plmrs .................................................................................................................. .......................................................................................................................... ........ 1= 73> Qglj-@mrfcki ]uczzgs...................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ................................................................. 1= :8> Yrctcki Aektckuu`s ... ................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................... 1=

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=7

Oeef Rwe> :8 Jer`mtcvg Jer`mtcvg Mssgss`gkt Qtrmtgicgs Oy> Kmtmlcg _gicgr Ketg te Rgmadgrs  Jeaus ek Qtubgkt Lgmrkcki  cs  cs m sgrcgs ej tgmadcki rgseurags argmtgb te suppert tgmadgrs mkb

smvg tdg` tc`g. Gmad oeeflgt wctdck tdg sgrcgs tmfgs t mfgs ekg mspgat ej ckstruatcek mkb suiigsts `ultcplg wmys ej uscki tdmt ckstruatcek prmatcag ck tdg almssree`. Oeef almssree`.  Oeef Rwe> :8 Jer`mtcvg Jer`mtcvg  Mssgss`gkt Qtrmtgicgs prevcbgs Qtrmtgicgs  prevcbgs tgmadgrs wctd m vmrcgty ej strmtgicgs te imtdgr ckjer`mtcek moeut tdgcr stubgkts burcki ckstruatcek. Yde cs Kmtmlcg _gicgr5 Jcrst mkb jerg`est, C m` m tgmadgr. C dmvg spgkt evgr ?8 ygmrs ck tdg almssree` mkb dmvg werfgb ms m rgiulmr almssree` tgmadgr, m spgacml gbuamter, m vcag prckacpml mkb m lgmrkcki aeerbckmter. C dmvg mlwmys oggk cktgrgstgb ck jckbcki wmys te dglp stubgkts suaaggb ck sadeel. @y sgmrad jer fkewlgbig te ckargmsg stubgkt lgmrkcki dms tmfgk `g te plmags lcfg Gb`ektek, Oestek, Erlmkbe, mkb Lms Zgims wdgrg C mttgkbgb aekjgrgkags aekjgr gkags mkb tmlfgb wctd gbuamters jre` mll evgr tdg werlb. Ms tgmadgrs, wg mll dmvg ekg tdcki ck ae``ek. Yg mrg

sgmradcki te dglp madcgvg eur stubgkts suaaggb ck tdcs tCdcs werlb. Dglpcki gvgry stubgkt ckjer eurwmys almssree` cs m admllgkig. m`gvgr-admkicki aektckumlly sgmradcki jer wmys te suppert tgmadgrs wctd tdcs admllgkig. C m` mlse m wrctgr. Evgr tdg ygmrs, C dmvg wrcttgk evgr 28 tgmadcki rgseurags jer Bmvcgs jer Bmvcgs mkb Nedksek Nedksek mkb  mkb _mckoew  _mckoew Derczeks. Derczeks. C  C gkney wrctcki mkb gspgacmlly gkney wrctcki jer tgmadgrs. C fkew dew dgatca tdg t dg lcjg ej m tgmadgr ccss mkb tdmt tc`g cs m prgaceus ae``ebcty. C m` kew bgbcamtcki `y tc`g te sgmradcki jer ckjer`mtcek mkb argmtcki rgseurags te suppert tgmadgrs ck tdg almssree`. Rdgrg mrg `mky admkigs eaaurrcki ck gbuamtcek mkb tgmadgrs kggb te fggp up wctd kgw aurrcaulu`s, rgsgmrad-omsgb ckstruatcekml prmatcags, mkb wmys te ckargmsg tdg madcgvg`gkt lgvgl ej tdgcr stubgkts. Rdg tgmadcki rgseurags C argmtg suppert tgmadgrs ck ukbgrstmkbcki mkb c`plg`gktcki tdg admkigs ck eur gbuamtcek systg`s. Re lgmrk `erg moeut `y tgmadcki rgseurags, werfsdeps, aemadcki mkb aeksultcki vcsct `y wgosctg mt>  mt> www.rgicgrgbuamtcekmlrgseurags.ae` www.rgicgrgbuamtcekmlrgseurags.ae`   Zcsct `y olei mt>  mt> olei.rgicgrgbuamtcekmlrgseurags.ae`   olei.rgicgrgbuamtcekmlrgseurags.ae`  Lgt `g fkew wdmt typg ej rgseurags C aeulb ejjgr tdmt weulb suppert yeu ck tdg almssree` mkb smvg yeu tc`g sgmradcki jer cbgms. Aektmat `g mt> kmtmlcgHrgicgrgbuamtcekmlrgseurags.ae` kmtmlcgHrgicgrgbuamtcekmlrgseurags.ae`  

Dew begs mssgss`gkt jct ckte ckstruatcek5 Mssgss`gkt mkb ckstruatcek ie dmkb ck dmkb ck m almssree` tdmt jeausgs ek tdg stubgkt. Rgmadgrs kggb te usg m vmrcgty ej bcjjgrgkt strmtgicgs te mssgss stubgkt rgmbckgss jer m  pmrtcaulmr ukct ej stuby mkb te plmk tdgcr ckstruatcek mreukb tdg kggbs tdg stubgkts bg`ekstrmtg. Ekiecki mssgss`gkt ej stubgkt lgmrkcki cs mk c`pertmkt pmrt ej tdg plmkkcki  preagss.

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=:

Rdgrg mrg tdrgg `mck typgs ej mssgss`gkt. Rdgy mrg prg-mssgss`gkt, jer`mtcvg mssgss`gkt, mkb su``mtcvg mssgss`gkt. Rdcs oeeflgt jeausgs ek strmtgicgs tdmt tgmadgrs amk usg te jer`mtcvgly mssgss tdgcr stubgkts. Xrg-mssgss`gkt  

Jer`mtcvg Mssgss`gkt  

Qu``mtcvg Mssgss`gkt  

Ydmt cs ct5

Mssgss`gkt tdmt cs usgb te aellgat ckjer`mtcek moeut stubgkts.

Mssgss`gkt tdmt imtdgrs ckjer`mtcek moeut stubgkt lgmrkcki.

Mssgss`gkt tdmt sdews wdmt stubgkts dmvg lgmrkgb.

Ydgk cs ct usgb5

Ogjerg m lgssek er kgw ukct ej stuby.

Burcki m lgssek er ukct ej stuby.

Mt tdg gkb ej m lgssek er ukct ej stuby.

Ydy cs ct usgb5

Re bgtgr`ckg tdg rgmbckgss lgvgl ej stubgkts mkb te ckjer` ckstruatcek.

Re trmaf stubgkts–  preirgss mkb te `mfg admkigs te ckstruatcek.

Re prevcbg gvcbgkag ej wdmt stubgkts lgmrkgb.

Ydmt cs jer`mtcvg mssgss`gkt5 Jer`mtcvg mssgss`gkt cs m preagss tdmt usgs ckjer`ml mssgss`gkt strmtgicgs te imtdgr ckjer`mtcek ek stubgkt lgmrkcki. Rgmadgrs bgtgr`ckg wdmt stubgkts mrg ukbgrstmkbcki mkb wdmt tdgy stcll kggb te lgmrk te `mstgr m ieml er eutae`g. Qtrmtgicgs usgb te imtdgr jer`mtcvg mssgss`gkt ckjer`mtcek tmfg plmag burcki rgiulmr almss ckstruatcek ckst ruatcek ms jer`mtcvg mssgss`gkt mkb ckstruatcek mrg alesgly lckfgb. @est jer`mtcvg mssgss`gkt strmtgicgs mrg qucaf mkb gmsy te usg mkb jct sgm`lgssly ckte tdg ckstruatcek preagss. Rdg ckjer`mtcek imtdgrgb cs kgvgr `mrfgb er irmbgb. Bgsarcptcvg jggbomaf `my maae`pmky m jer`mtcvg mssgss`gkt te lgt stubgkts fkew wdgtdgr tdgy dmvg `mstgrgb mk eutae`g er wdgtdgr tdgy rgqucrg `erg  prmatcag.

Ydgk mrg jer`mtcvg mssgss`gkt strmtgicgs usgb5 Jer`mtcvg mssgss`gkt strmtgicgs mrg mr g usgb tdreuideut m ukct ej stuby. Rdgy mrg lckfgb te tdg ckstruatcek mkb jeaus ek bcsaevgrcki wdmt stubgkts fkew mkb kggb te fkew moeut tdg gkb ieml er eutae`g. Rgmadgrs usg jer`mtcvg mssgss`gkt burcki tdg lgmrkcki preagss mkb usg tdg ckjer`mtcek te `mfg mbnust`gkts te tdgcr ckstruatcek te ogttgr smtcsjy lgmrkgr kggbs. Wscki jer`mtcvg mssgss`gkt evgr tdg aeursg ej m ukct wcll prevcbg tgmadgrs wctd ckjer`mtcek ek tdg lgmrkcki preagssgs ej tdgcr stubgkts. Rgmadgrs amk usg ekg mssgss`gkt strmtgiy, admkig er mbmpt tdg ckstruatcek, mkb tdgk rgmssgss uscki tdg sm`g strmtgiy s trmtgiy er m bcjjgrgkt ekg te bgtgr`ckg cj tdg ckstruatcekml prmatcag cs c`pmatcki stubgkt madcgvg`gkt.

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=9

Ydy mrg jer`mtcvg mssgss`gkt strmtgicgs usgb5 Jer`mtcvg mssgss`gkt strmtgicgs mrg usgb te adgaf jer ukbgrstmkbcki ej stubgkt lgmrkcki mkb te `mfg bgacsceks moeut aurrgkt mkb juturg ckstruatcek. Rdreuid jer`mtcvg mssgss`gkt, tgmadgrs amk bcsaevgr tdg rmtg mt wdcad stubgkts mrg lgmrkcki, tdg aurrgkt fkewlgbig ej stubgkts, wdmt ckjer`mtcek er sfclls stubgkts stcll kggb te lgmrk, mkb wdgtdgr tdg lgmrkcki eppertukctcgs tdgy mrg prevcbcki jer stubgkts cs gjjgatcvg er cj tdgy tdg y kggb te admkig er mbmpt tdgcr ckstruatcek. _gsults ej jer`mtcvg mssgss`gkt brcvg ckstruatcek. Cj stubgkts mrg becki wgll mkb preirgsscki ms gxpgatgb, tgmadgrs aektckug wctd tdgcr aurrgkt ckstruatcek prmatcags. Cj stubgkts mrg ket preirgsscki ms gxpgatgb mkb mrg `csscki fgy ckjer`mtcek er sfclls, tgmadgrs plmk etdgr lgmrkcki eppertukctcgs te dglp stubgkts mttmck tdg ckjer`mtcek er sfclls tdgy kggb te og suaagssjul. Burcki m ukct ek `gmsurg`gkt ck `mtd, tgmadgrs `my sgt up bg`ekstrmtcek stmtceks jer stubgkts te sdew wdmt tdgy dmvg lgmrkgb uscki stmkbmrb `gmsurgs stubcgb tdreuideut tdg ukct. Ms stubgkts pmrtcacpmtg ck tdg bg`ekstrmtcek stmtceks, stmtc eks, tgmadgrs jeaus ek tdg preagss tdg stubgkts mrg uscki te mttmck m selutcek, ms wgll ms tdg selutcek ctsglj.

Dew be C bgtgr`ckg wdmt typg ej jer`mtcvg mssgss`gkt strmtgiy te usg5 Bgacbcki ek wdmt typg ej jer`mtcvg mssgss`gkt strmtgiy strmtg iy te usg wcll bgpgkb ek m ku`ogr ej jmaters. Rgmadgrs kggb te bgtgr`ckg wdmt mspgat ej stubgkt lgmrkcki tdgy wmkt te `gmsurg. Rdgy tdgk kggb te aekscbgr tdg lgmrkcki prgjgrgkags ej tdgcr stubgkts. Jer`mtcvg mssgss`gkt strmtgicgs amk og icvgk te stubgkts ckbcvcbumlly, ms pmrtkgrs, ck s`mll ireups, er ms m almss. Rdg typg ej ireupcki usgb jer tdg jer`mtcvg mssgss`gkt wcll mlse ckjlugkag tdg adecag ej strmtgiy. Rgmadgrs sdeulb ket rgly ek ekg typg ej mssgss`gkt strmtgiy. M vmrcgty ej ckbcvcbuml mkb ireup jer`mtcvg mssgss`gkt strmtgicgs sdeulb og usgb. Ckbcvcbuml strmtgicgs mllew tgmadgrs te igt m algmr pcaturg ej gmad stubgkt mkb tdgcr ukbgrstmkbcki ej tdg aekagpt er sfcll ogcki `gmsurgb. Ireup strmtgicgs prevcbg tgmadgrs wctd igkgrml ckjer`mtcek moeut stubgkt lgmrkcki tdmt amk og usgb te plmk ckstruatcek. Qtubgkts amk mlse usg jer`mtcvg mssgss`gkt ckjer`mtcek te `mfg admkigs te tdgcr lgmrkcki.

Dew amk tgmadgrs usg tdg mssgss`gkt ckjer`mtcek5 Rgmadgrs usg jer`mtcvg mssgss`gkt ckjer`mtcek te mssgss dew tdgcr aurrgkt ckstruatcekml strmtgicgs mrg werfcki wctd tdgcr stubgkts. Cj tdgrg mrg stubgkts wde mrg st struiilcki, ruiilcki, tgmadgrs `my kggb te werf ckbcvcbumlly wctd m stubgkt, prgsgkt ckjer`mtcek etdgr wmys, er mbmpt tdgcr aurrgkt ckstruatcekml strmtgiy. Qtubgkts wde dmvg mppgmrgb te `mstgr tdg eutae`g er ieml ogcki jer`mtcvgly mssgssgb, `my kggb te og jurtdgr mssgssgb er dmvg lgmrkcki eppertukctcgs plmkkgb tdmt admllgkig tdg` mkb mrg bgscikgb mt tdgcr lgvgl ej ukbgrstmkbcki. Rgmadgrs mrg mlse molg te cbgktcjy `csukbgrstmkbckis stubgkts `my dmvg mkb mbmpt tdgcr ckstruatcek maaerbckily.

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=4

Dew amk stubgkts usg tdg mssgss`gkt ckjer`mtcek5 Qtubgkts amk usg jer`mtcvg mssgss`gkt ckjer`mtcek te bgtgr`ckg wdmt tdgy kggb te be te madcgvg tdg iemls er eutae`gs ej tdg ukct. Qtubgkts `my kggb te mbmpt er te admkig tdgcr lgmrkcki te `mstgr aurrcaulu` eutae`gs. Cj stubgkts mrg ket madcgvcki mt mk gxpgatgb rmtg, tdgy amk leef mt tdg strmtgicgs tdgy mrg uscki jer lgmrkcki mkb bgacbg wdgtdgr tdgy kggb te admkig tdgcr aurrgkt lgmrkcki strmtgicgs er mbept kgw wmys ej lgmrkcki. Rdg ckjer`mtcek  prevcbgb oy o y jer`mtcvg mssgss`gkt strmtgicgs amk mlse og usgb te dglp stubgkts rgjlgat ek aurrgkt lgmrkcki iemls er sgt kgw iemls.

JE_@MRCZG MQQGQQ@GKR QR_MRGICGQ JE_ RGMADG_Q => MOA Ormckster`cki - Wscki tdg MOA ormckster`cki strmtgiy wctd stubgkts `cbwmy tdreuid m ukct prevcbgs yeu wctd ckjer`mtcek moeut wdmt stubgkts dmvg lgmrkgb moeut m  pmrtcaulmr tepca. Yerfcki ckbcvcbumlly, ck pmcrs, ck s`mll ireups, er ms m almss, stubgkts  ormckster` werbs er pdrmsgs tdmt ogick wctd gmad lgttgr ej tdg mlpdmogt mkb mrg rglmtgb te te tdg aurrgkt ukct ej stuby. st uby. @cbwmy tdreuid m ukct ek j crg crg smjgty, stubgkts `my wrctg “`ggtcki  plmag‐ kgxt te tdg “@‐ mkb “step, brep, mkb rell‐ kgxt te tdg lgttgr “Q.‐ M ilmkag tdreuid tdg ormckster`gb lcsts dglps yeu bgtgr`ckg wdmt ckjer`mtcek cs lmafcki mkb prevcbgs bcrgatcek jer plmkkcki eppertukctcgs tdmt jeaus ek tdgsg imps ck yeur stubgkts– lgmrkcki. M irmpdca erimkczgr tdmt amk og usgb wctd tdg MOA ormckster`cki mssgss`gkt strmtgiy cs mvmclmolg mt  mt Qtubgkt Dmkbeuts Dmkbeuts..  ?> Mkmleicgs  - M usgjul jer`mtcvg mssgss`gkt strmtgiy cs te msf stubgkts te argmtg mk mkmleiy ogtwggk se`gtdcki tdgy mrg jm`clcmr wctd mkb tdg kgw ckjer`mtcek tdgy dmvg lgmrkgb. Ydgk msfgb te argmtg mk mkmleiy jer mk mte`, stubgkts `m `my y ae`g up wctd mk mte`  ogcki lcfg m ae``ukcty. Rdg kualgus ej tdg mte` cs lcfg yeur c``gbcmtg jm`cly. Rdg glgatreks tdmt jly mreukb tdg kualgus mrg lcfg `g`ogrs ej tdg ae``ukcty tdmt yeu `my er `my ket cktgrmat wctd ek m rgiulmr omscs. Msfcki stubgkts te gxplmck tdgcr mkmleicgs wcll sdew tdg bgptd ej tdgcr ukbgrstmkbcki moeut m tepca. 1> Adgaflcsts - Almss adgaflcsts mrg m irgmt teel jer aellgatcki bmtm moeut stubgkts burcki m

ukct ej stuby. Ogjerg ogickkcki m kgw ukct, `mfg m lcst ej mll tdg sfclls s fclls stubgkts wcll kggb te bg`ekstrmtg `mstgry ej tdg ukct–s eutae`g(s). Ek m admrt, lcst tdg stubgkts km`gs bewk tdg lgjt dmkb scbg mkb tdg sfclls maress tdg tep. Alcp tdg admrt te m alcpoemrb mkb pesctcek ct ck mk gmscly maagsscolg plmag. Ms stubgkts mrg pmrtcacpmtcki ck vmrceus lgmrkcki eppertukctcgs, eosgrvg tdg stubgkts mkb adgaf ejj tdg sfclls yeu sgg stubgkts bg`ekstrmtcki wctd  prejcacgkay. Dgrg cs mk gxm`plg ej m almss adgaflcst jer spgmfcki sfclls>

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=3

Repca Cs Algmr 

Cbgms Mrg Erimkczgb Leicamlly 

Zmrcgs Xmag Ej Qpgmfcki Mkb Rekg Ej Zecag 

Qtreki Epgkcki 

Aekkgats Yctd Mubcgkag 

Qtubgkt M Qtubgkt O Qtubgkt A Gta.

Ckbcvcbuml adgaflcsts amk mlse og usgb te imtdgr bmtm moeut stubgkt lgmrkcki. Qtubgkts mkb/er tgmadgrs ae`plgtg tdg adgaflcsts. M adgaflcst jer wrctcki prevcbgs stubgkts mkb tgmadgrs wctd mssgss`gkt ckjer`mtcek. Qtubgkts usg tdg adgaflcst te mkmlyzg tdgcr pcgag ej wrctcki mkb bgtgr`ckg cj tdgy kggb te `mfg mky admkigs ogjerg dmkbcki ck m aepy te yeu. Seu usg tdg adgaflcst te cbgktcjy mrgms tdmt tdg stubgkt kggbs `erg ckstruatcek er prmatcag. M sm`plg wrctcki adgaflcst `my leef ms jellews> Km`g> UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  

Qtubgkt

Rgmadgr

Aektmcks Ae`plgtg Rdeuidts Ygll Erimkczgb Qpgllcki Cs Aerrgat Wsgs Aerrgat Xukatumtcek Gta. Ck tdg moevg gxm`plg, stubgkts adgaf ejj gmad mrgm tdgy ae`plgtgb ck tdgcr wrctcki. Rdgy mttmad tdg adgaflcst te tdgcr wrctcki wdgk tdgy dmkb ct ck te yeu. Seu usg tdg adgaflcst ms yeu rgmb mkb mssgss tdgcr wrcttgk werf. Cj tdgrg mrg bcsargpmkacgs, prevcbg jggbomaf te tdg stubgkt oy `ggtcki wctd tdg` ckbcvcbumlly mkb bcsausscki wmys te `mfg tdgcr wrctcki strekigr er oy prevcbcki wrcttgk suiigstceks mt tdg oette` ej tdg adgaflcst. M ku`ogr ej bcjjgrgkt adgaflcsts mrg ckalubgb ek tdg  tdg   Mlmsfm Bgpmrt`gkt ej Gbuamtcek & Gmrly Bgvglep`gkt wgosctg. wgosctg. Qarell bewk tdg Ckbgx te Mssgss`gkt Qtrmtgicgs mkb Qm`plgs te vcgw bcjjgrgkt gxm`plgs ej adgaflcsts.

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

?8

2> Aderml _gspeksg  - Cj yeu kggb m qucaf mssgss`gkt ej stubgkt ukbgrstmkbcki, msf stubgkts te rgspekb te m sgrcgs ej qugstceks “ms m almss.‐ al mss.‐ Cj yeu lcstgk amrgjully te tdg ku`ogr mkb aektgkt ej rgspeksgs, yeu wcll igt m ieeb cbgm ej wdgtdgr er ket tdg stubgkts mrg algmr ek wdmt yeu mrg prgsgktcki. Aderml rgspeksg gkaeurmigs mll stubgkts te og matcvgly gkimigb ck tdg mssgss`gkt preagss. 7> Alezg Xreagburg - Rdg alezg preagburg amk og usgb te bgtgr`ckg tdg lgvgl ej stubgkt

ukbgrstmkbcki rgimrbcki m pmrtcaulmr tepca er ukct ej stuby. Argmtg er usg m pmssmig tdmt rglmtgs te tdg ukct. @mfg surg tdg pmssmig cs mt m rgmbmoclcty lgvgl jer yeur stubgkts. Rwe er tdrgg pmssmigs mt bcjjgrgkt rgmbmoclcty lgvgls `my og kggbgb te maae``ebmtg mll tdg stubgkts ck yeur almss. Bgacbg wdgtdgr yeu mrg iecki te glc`ckmtg fgy veamoulmry werbs er wdgtdgr yeu wcll glc`ckmtg m sgt werb, suad ms gvgry 9td werb. Seur bgacscek wcll og omsgb ek tdg mig mkb rgmbckgss lgvgls ej tdg stubgkts ck yeur almss. Og surg te lgmvg tdg jcrst mkb lmst sgktgkags cktmat te msscst wctd stubgkt ukbgrstmkbcki. Rwe sctgs mvmclmolg eklckg jer argmtcki alezg pmssmigs mrg  mrg Lgxcaml Ruter  mkb mkb  gbDglpgr .  Qadeels  dms suiigstceks jer uscki mkb mbmptcki tdg alezg preagburg Qmsfmtadgwmk Xuolca Qadeels te `ggt tdg kggbs ej yeur stubgkts. :> Aekagpt @mps - Aekagpt `mps mrg m typg ej wgo tdmt prevcbgs m vcsuml rgprgsgktmtcek ej stubgkt ukbgrstmkbcki moeut m pmrtcaulmr tepca ogcki stubcgb. Ieeilg “aekagpt `mps

irm pdca erimkczgrs‐ jer m vmrcgty ej prcktmolg aekagpt `mps tdmt yeur stubgkts amk usg. Qtubgkts prckt tdg tepca er `mck cbgm ck tdg evml ck tdg agktgr ej tdg pmig. Rdgy tdgk wrctg suppertcki bgtmcls ck tdg spmags surreukbcki tdg agktgr evml. Bgpgkbcki ek tdg mig mkb moclcty ej tdg stubgkts, tdgy amk mlse ireup sc`clmr suppertcki bgtmcls teigtdgr. Wscki aekagpt `mps cs m sfcll tdmt `ust og tmuidt te stubgkts. Ekag stubgkts mrg jm`clcmr wctd aekagpt `mps, tdgy amk og usgb ms m jer`mtcvg mssgss`gkt strmtgiy ck mky suongat mrgm. Zcsct tdg  tdg Mll Moeut Mbelgsagkt Lctgrmay  Lctgrmay mkb tdg tdg   gDew  gDew  wgosctgs jer `erg ckjer`mtcek ek aekagpt `mps mkb te bewklemb irmpdca erimkczgrs te usg wctd yeur stubgkts. 9> Aekjgrgkags  - Qtubgkt ukbgrstmkbcki amk og jer`mtcvgly mssgssgb uscki ekg-ek-ekg aekjgrgkags wctd gmad stubgkt ck yeur almss er wctd sglgat stubgkts jer wde` yeu wmkt te jurtdgr mssgss tdgcr lgmrkcki. Bgtgr`ckg yeur tmrigt qugstceks mdgmb ej tc`g te gksurg yeu mrg imtdgrcki ckjer`mtcek rglmtgb te yeur ieml er eutae`g. Rmfg ketgs burcki tdg

aekjgrgkags te rgjgr te lmtgr wdgk plmkkcki ckstruatcek. 4> Ae`putgr Qurvgys - Ae`putgr survgys mrg m qucaf wmy te bgtgr`ckg wdmt yeur stubgkts dmvg lgmrkgb moeut m tepca ej stuby. Argmtg tgk sdert rgspeksg qugstceks - trug/jmlsg, `ultcplg Qurvgy@ekfgy  te argmtg adecag, er ekg werb ae`plgtcek qugstceks, mkb usg m plmtjer` lcfg lcfg  Qurvgy@ekfgy tdg mssgss`gkt. Qurvgy@ekfgy mllews yeu te sgg ckbcvcbuml rgspeksgs ms wgll ms prevcbcki m su``mry ej almss rgspeksgs.

stmtc eks cs m irgmt wmy jer stubgkts 3> Bg`ekstrmtcek Qtmtceks - Rdg usg ej bg`ekstrmtcek stmtceks te sdew wdmt tdgy fkew mkb dglp yeu bgtgr`ckg tdg bcrgatcek ej juturg ckstruatcek. @cbwmy tdreuid m ukct ek `mikgts, sgt up m ku`ogr ej stmtceks mkb dmvg stubgkts bg`ekstrmtg dew `mikgts mttrmat mkb rgpgl, wdgrg tdg `mikgtca jcglb cs tdg strekigst, tdg pmrts ej m `mikgt, dew `mikgts mrg mttrmatgb te se`g eongats mkb ket etdgrs, dew m ae`pmss werfs, gta. Mt gmad stmtcek, tdg stubgkts aeulb mlse gxplmck tdgcr tdeuidt preagssgs te yeu er wrctg tdgcr tdeuidts ck m sacgkag neurkml. ©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

?=

=8> Bcsaussceks - Dmvcki m almss bcsausscek pmrt wmy tdreuid m ukct ej stuby amk prevcbg yeu wctd vmlumolg ckjer`mtcek rgimrbcki wdmt yeur stubgkts fkew moeut tdg suongat. Jeaus tdg bcsaussceks ek dcidgr lgvgl tdckfcki sfclls mkb icvg stubgkts m jgw `ckutgs te rgjlgat ek tdgcr lgmrkcki ogjerg ogickkcki tdg bcsausscek. Gkaeurmig stubgkts te sdmrg wdmt tdgy dmvg lgmrkgb mkb dew tdmt fkewlgbig `my dmvg mk c`pmat ek tdgcr bmcly lcvgs. Ormckster` wmys tdmt tdg fkewlgbig aeulb og trmksjgrrgb te etdgr suongat mrgms er sctumtceks tdg stubgkts `my

ae`g maress. Lcstgkcki amrgjully te tdg rgspeksgs icvgk oy stubgkts wcll prevcbg usgjul ckjer`mtcek jer  plmkkcki juturg ckstruatcek. ==> Beuolg Gktry Neurkmls - Neurkmls mrg m irgmt wmy te jer`mtcvgly mssgss stubgkts mkb igt m “wckbew‐ ckte tdgcr tdckfcki. Beuolg gktry gkt ry neurkmls mrg ekg jer` ej neurkmlcki. M beuolg gktry neurkml dms twe aelu`ks. Ck tdg lgjt aelu`k, stubgkts wrctg fgy werbs, cbgms, er quetmtceks. Rdgy tdgk icvg tdgcr pgrsekml rgspeksg te tdgsg werbs ck tdg rcidt aelu`k. Qtubgkts `my ckalubg qugstceks tdmt tdmt mrcsg eut ej tdgcr rgspekbcki. Oy rgmbcki tdg stubgkts– rgspeksgs, yeu amk mssgss stubgkts– fkewlgbig mkb ukbgrstmkbcki ej tdg tepca yeu mrg stubycki. Jer gxm`plg, wdgk stubycki jlcidt prevcbg stubgkts wctd tdg pdrmsgs “lcjt vs. irmvcty,‐ “Yrcidt oretdgrs,‐ mkb “lmws ej jlcidt.‐ Qtubgkts prckt tdgsg pdrmsgs ck tdg lgjt dmkb aelu`k ej tdgcr neurkml mkb tdgk rgspekb te tdg` ck tdg rcidt dmkb aelu`k. _gmbcki

evgr tdg stubgkt rgspeksgs wcll prevcbg yeu wctd ckjer`mtcek moeut stubgkt ukbgrstmkbcki. @erg ckjer`mtcek ek beuolg gktry neurkmls cs jeukb mt  mt Dglpjul GQL Lckfs. Lckfs.  M tg`plmtg jer m beuolg gktry neurkml cs mvmclmolg mt  mt  RgmadgrZcscek. RgmadgrZcscek.  =?> Brmwckis - Qe`g ej yeur stubgkts `my og molg te sdew yeu wdmt tdgy fkew oy argmtcki m brmwcki er m sgrcgs ej brmwckis te bg`ekstrmtg tdgcr ukbgrstmkbcki. Gkaeurmig stubgkts te sdmrg tdgcr tdckfcki moeut wdmt tdgy mrg brmwcki te imck ckscidt ckte wdmt tdgy dmvg lgmrkgb up te m icvgk peckt ck m ukct ej stuby. Brmwckis‐‐ bgsarcogs ekg wmy te usg te  usg stubgkt brmwckis Mk mrtcalg tctlgb, “Mkketmtgb “Mkketmtgb Qtubgkt Brmwckis te jer`mtcvgly mssgss stubgkt ukbgrstmkbcki. =1> G`mcl ]ugstceks - Rgadkeleiy cs m irgmt rgseurag jer tgmadgrs mkb m `gbcu` tdmt `est stubgkts mrg jm`clcmr wctd mkb ae`jertmolg uscki. Cj yeur sadeel prevcbgs mll cts stubgkts

wctd g`mcl mbbrgssgs, sgkb qugstceks te yeur stubgkts. Rdg qugstceks sdeulb jeaus ek dcidgr lgvgl tdckfcki sfclls mkb bg`ekstrmtg tdgcr lgmrkcki burcki m aurrgkt ukct ej stuby. Gkaeurmig stubgkts te tdckf moeut mll tdg lgmrkcki eppertukctcgs tdgy dmvg pmrtcacpmtgb ck mkb dew tdesg matcvctcgs jct ck wctd tdgcr ewk omafireukb fk fkewlgbig ewlgbig mkb gxpgrcgkags. =2>Gxm`plgs/Kek-Gxm`plgs - Gkaeurmig yeur stubgkts te prevcbg yeu wctd gxm`plgs mkb kekgxm`plgs ej m tepca ogcki stubcgb. Rdg gxm`plgs mkb kek-gxm`plgs prevcbg yeu wctd ckjer`mtcek rgimrbcki tdg bgptd ej ukbgrstmkbcki ej yeur stubgkts. Jer gxm`plg, burcki m ukct ek rgayalcki, msf yeur stubgkts te prevcbg yeu wctd gxm`plgs ej rgayalcki mkb gxm`plgs tdmt be ket ckvelvg rgayalcki. Ydclg stubycki m ukct ek `cxturgs mkb selutceks selut ceks ck sacgkag, rgvcgw `cxturgs mkb bgtgr`ckg stubgkt ukbgrstmkbcki oy msfcki stubgkts te  prevcbg yeu wctd gxm`plgs mkb kekgxm`plgs ej `cxturgs. Msf stubgkts te gxplmck tdgcr rgmsekcki jer almsscjycki gmad gxm`plg mkb kek-gxm`plg.

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

??

=7> Gxct Amrbs - Gxct amrbs aeulb og usgb ek m rgiulmr omscs te jer`mtcvgly mssgss wdmt yeur stubgkts fkew, ukbgrstmkb, mkb dmvg lgmrkgb burcki m aurrgkt ukct ej stuby. Ogjerg stubgkts lgmvg mt tdg gkb ej almss, msf tdg` m qugstcek er pesg m preolg` jer tdg` te selvg. Icvg stubgkts m preolg` ckvelvcki cktgrgst te selvg burcki m ukct ck `mtd er msf stubgkts te brmw mkb lmogl tdg plmkgts wdgk stubycki tdg selmr systg` ck sacgkag almss. Msf stubgkts wdy pgeplg lgmvg tdgcr de`glmkb ck seacml stubcgs mkb dew tdgy weulb jggl cj tdgy dmb te

rgleamtg wctd tdgcr jm`cly Qtubgkts rgaerb tdgcr rgspeksgs m sarmp  pcgag ej pmpgr, m jclg amrb, te er mketdgr m stcafy aeuktry. ketg. Aellgat tdg gxct amrbs ms tdg stubgktsek lgmvg l gmvg tdg almssree`. Ilmkag tdreuid tdg gxct amrbs te bgtgr`ckg cj stubgkts mrg igkgrmlly ukbgrstmkbcki tdg tepca er wdgtdgr yeu kggb te prevcbg jurtdgr wdelg almss er s`mll ireup ckstruatcek ck m pmrtcaulmr mrgm. Qgpmrmtg tdg gxct amrbs ckte pclgs, ckbcamtcki stubgkts wde dmvg `mstgrgb tdg eutae`g er mrg wgll ek tdgcr wmy te becki se, stubgkts wde mrg `mfcki stgmby preirgss, mkb stubgkts wde kggb mbbctcekml ekg-ek-ekg er s`mll ireup ckstruatcek. Gxct amrbs amk og usgb te argmtg ireupckis jer tdg kgxt bmy–s lgssek mkb matcvctcgs amk og  plmkkgb omsgb ek tdg stubgkts– rgspeksgs.  rgspeksgs.  Zcsct Gbuamtcekml Mspcrmtceks Mspcrmtceks   jer `erg ckjer`mtcek ek uscki gxct amrbs jer jer`mtcvg mssgss`gkt. =:> Jcst ej Jcvg - Ydgk yeu kggb m qucaf, c``gbcmtg mssgss`gkt, tdg jcst ej jcvg cs m irgmt

strmtgiy. Msf yeurQtubgkts stubgktsdelb m qugstcek dmvg tdg`mrg rgspekb oy sdewcki yeumkb tdgcr lgvgl ej ukbgrstmkbcki. up ekgmkb jckigr cj tdgy stcll uksurg ej m tepca kggb te  og prevcbgb wctd `erg ckjer`mtcek. Cj tdgy mrg ek tdgcr wmy te jully ukbgrstmkbcki, tdgy `cidt delb up tdrgg er jeur jckigrs. Qtubgkts wde dmvg `mstgrgb tdg ukct mkb mrg molg te bg`ekstrmtg tdgcr fkewlgbig mkb ukbgrstmkbcki weulb delb up jcvg jckigrs. M ilmkag mreukb tdg almssree` prevcbgs yeu wctd ckjer`mtcek moeut stubgkt lgmrkcki lg mrkcki mkb mllews yeu te mbmpt yeur ckstruatcek maaerbckily. Adgaf eut  eut  Adgryl–s Almssree` Rcps  Rcps  te jckb eut dew ekg tgmadgr usgs tdg jcst ej jcvg wctd dgr stubgkts. =9> Jeur Aerkgrs - M irgmt wmy te igt stubgkts eut ej tdgcr bgsfs mkb `evcki cs tdg jeur aerkgrs strmtgiy. Qe`g stubgkts lgmrk ogttgr wdgk tdgy mrg `evcki se tdcs strmtgiy mppgmls te tdgcr lgmrkcki prgjgrgkag. Ck gmad aerkgr ej tdg ree`, prevcbg m lmogl. Lmogl ekg aerkgr,

“Qtrekily Mirgg,‐ ekg aerkgr, “Mirgg,‐ tdg tdcrb aerkgr, “Bcsmirgg,‐ mkb tdg jckml aerkgr, “Qtrekily Bcsmirgg.‐ Amll eut m jmat er stmtg`gkt moeut tdg aurrgkt ukct ej stuby. Qtubgkts ie mkb stmkb ck tdg aerkgr tdmt `mtadgs tdgcr rgspeksg. Gkaeurmig stubgkts te sdmrg tdgcr rgmseks jer adeescki tdg rgspeksg. Dmvg ekg er twe stubgkts jre` gmad aerkgr sdmrg tdgcr mkswgrs wctd tdg rgst ej tdg almss. Oy lcstgkcki te tdg stubgkts ms tdgy bcsauss tdgcr rgmseks mkb sdmrg tdg` wctd tdg almss, yeu mrg prevcbgb wctd ckjer`mtcek tdmt amk iucbg juturg lgsseks. Gbuamtcek  wgosctg prevcbgs `erg ckjer`mtcek moeut tdg Rdg  Ygst Zcrickcm Bgpmrt`gkt ej Gbuamtcek Rdg jeur aerkgrs strmtgiy mkb lckfs te etdgr usgjul wgosctgs. wgosct gs. =4> Irmjjctc Ymll  - Rdg irmjjctc wmll cs juk matcvcty jer stubgkts mkb icvgs yeu m vcsuml rgprgsgktmtcek ej wdmt yeur stubgkts dmvg lgmrkgb burcki m ukct ej stuby. Aevgr m pmrt ej m wmll wctd wdctg pmpgr. Gkaeurmig stubgkts te wrctg er brmw wdmt tdgy dmvg lgmrkgb moeut m

tepca. Qtubgkts amk net bewk jmats, wrctg pgrsekml epckceks, aekkgat tdgcr lgmrkcki te etdgr mrgms ej stuby, gta. Wscki tdg irmjjctc wmll matcvcty pmrtwmy tdreuid m ukct prevcbgs yeu wctd ©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

?1

ckjer`mtcek jer jurtdgr plmkkcki ej ckstruatcek. Cj tdgrg mppgmr te og imps ck yeur stubgkts– lgmrkcki, yeu amk tmrigt tdesg mrgms mkb jurtdgr mssgss te sgg cj tdgrg tdgr g cs ckbggb m bgjcact tdmt yeu kggb te jeaus ek ck juturg lgsseks. Qtubgkts `my dmvg `mbg aekkgatceks tdmt yeu wgrg ket gxpgatcki er dmbk–t gvgk tdeuidt ej wdgk plmkkcki tdg ukct. Rdg ckjer`mtcek yeu aellgat jre` tdg irmjjctc wmll cs vmlumolg jer`mtcvg mssgss`gkt bmtm. Lgmvg tdg irmjjctc wmll up burcki tdg rg`mckbgr ej tdg ukct mkb stubgkts amk aektckug te mbb ae``gkts mkb brmwckis. Jer `ergAeukty ckjer`mtcek moeut uscki m irmjjctc wmllCslmkb ms mkXuolca mssgss`gkt strmtgiy plgmsg vcsct Qadeels Ydctlgy Aekselcbmtgb Qadeels   mkb mkb  Irmkb Qadeels Qadeels. .  =3> Irmpdca Erimkczgrs  - Irmpdca erimkczgrs dmvg `mky usgs ck m bcjjgrgktcmtgb almssree`. Wscki irmpdca erimkczgrs te jer`mtcvgly mssgss stubgkts cs ekg usg. Irmpdca erimkczgrs prevcbg m vcsuml rgprgsgktmtcek ej stubgkt lgmrkcki. Qtubgkts ae`plgtg tdg tg`plmtg wctd tdgcr tdeuidts mkb ukbgrstmkbckis moeut m ukct ej stuby. M sgmrad ek Ieeilg wcll prevcbg yeu wctd `mky gxm`plgs mkb tg`plmtgs te usg. Cj yeu wmkt te mssgss yeur stubgkts ek sgqugkacki, Ieeilg “sgqugkacki irmpdca erimkczgrs.‐ Jer irmpdca erimkczgrs rglmtgb te sacgkag, Ieeilg “sacgkag irmpdca erimkczgrs.‐ Rdgrg mrg m `ultctubg ej irmpdca i rmpdca erimkczgrs jer gvgry irmbg lgvgl mvmclmolg eklckg. Rwe wgosctgs tdmt yeu `my wmkt te adgaf eut mrg  mrg Gbuamtcek Emscs  Emscs mkb mkb  Gbuamtcek Xlmag. Xlmag.  ?8> Ckbcvcbuml Ydctgoemrbs - Ckbcvcbuml wdctgoemrbs prevcbg yeu wctd m qucaf mssgss`gkt ej stubgkt lgmrkcki. Msf stubgkts qugstceks moeut m tepca er ukct ej stuby. Qtubgkts rgaerb tdgcr mkswgrs ek ckbcvcbuml wdctgoemrbs. wdctg oemrbs. Acraulmtg tdreuideut tdg almss mkb eosgrvg stubgkts rgspekbcki. Qtubgkts amk mlse og msfgb te delb up tdgcr wdctgoemrbs. M ilmkag mt tdg wdctgoemrbs wcll prevcbg yeu wctd ckjer`mtcek rgimrbcki stubgkt fkewlgbig mkb ukbgrstmkbcki. Qtubgkts amk mlse og msfgb te brmw mkb lmogl tdgcr bcmirm`s. Ck m ukct ek plmkts, msf stubgkts te brmw mkb lmogl tdg pmrts ej tdg plmkt er tdg pdetesyktdgscs ayalg. Ck m oceleiy almss, msf stubgkts te brmw mkb lmogl tdg dgmrt mkb tdg reutg oleeb tmfgs ms ct  pmssgs tdreuid tdg dgmrt. ?=> Ckscbg-Eutscbg Acralg - Rdg ckscbg-eutscbg acralg cs m strmtgiy tdmt amk prevcbg yeu wctd ckjer`mtcek moeut stubgkt lgmrkcki. Bcvcbg yeur stubgkts ckte twe ireups. Ekg ireup cs tdg ckscbg acralg mkb tdg td g etdgr ireup jer`s tdg eutscbg acralg. Qtubgkts pmcr up wctd etdgr stubgkts ck tdg eppescki acralg mkb jmag ekg mketdgr. Rdg ckscbg acralg og ogicks icks oy rgspekbcki te m qugstcek er stmtg`gkt prevcbgb oy tdg tgmadgr. Mjtgr m sgt m`eukt ej tc`g--pgrdmps m `ckutg er twe, stubgkts rgvgrsg relgs mkb tdg eutscbg pmrtkgrs rgspekb. Ydclg stubgkts mrg rgspekbcki, acraulmtg mreukb tdg acralgs mkb lcstgk te ae``gkts mkb gxplmkmtceks ogcki sdmrgb. Rdcs ckjer`mtcek wcll dglp iucbg jurtdgr plmkkcki. Rdg   Ygst Zcrickcm Bgpmrt`gkt ej Gbuamtcek wgosctg prevcbgs jurtdgr ckjer`mtcek ek tdg Rdg ckscbg-eutscbg acralg strmtgiy mkb cts usg ms m jer`mtcvg mssgss`gkt strmtgiy. ??> Lgmrkcki Leis - Lgmrkcki leis mrg ketgs stubgkts `mfg burcki m ukct ej stuby. Rc`g cs sgt mscbg mt tdg ogickkcki er gkb ej almss jer stubgkts te wrctg moeut wdmt tdgy dmvg lgmrkgb, lcst mky qugstceks moeut tdg tepca tdgy `my dmvg, er `mfg aekkgatceks ogtwggk tdg tepca mkb tdgcr ewk lcvgs. Lgmrkcki leis prevcbg yeu wctd vmlumolg ckjer`mtcek moeut wdmt stubgkts mrg lgmrkcki mkb pesscolg bcrgatceks jer juturg ckstruatcek. Wscki lgmrkcki leis ms m jer`mtcvg mssgss`gkt strmtgiy prevcbgs yeu wctd ckjer`mtcek moeut stubgkt lgmrkcki mkb wdmt ckjer`mtcek er sfclls stubgkts `my stcll kggb te rgmad tdg iemls mkb eutae`gs ej tdg ©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

?2

ukct. @erg ckjer`mtcek ek lgmrkcki leis cs mvmclmolg mt tdg Qmsfmteek Xuolca Qadeels wgosctg..  wgosctg ?1> Lcst =8 Rdckis - Moeut `cbwmy tdreuid m ukct ej stuby, ckstruat stubgkts te lcst tgk tdckis tdgy dmvg lgmrkgb burcki tdg ukct. Imtdgr tdgsg lcsts mkb rgmb tdreuid tdg` te igt mk cbgm ej wdgrg stubgkts mrg ck rgimrb te ukbgrstmkbcki. Leef jer imps ck lgmrkcki er `csukbgrstmkbckis. Rdgsg imps mkb `csukbgrstmkbckis amk og mbbrgssgb ck juturg lgsseks. ?2> @mtadcki Matcvctcgs - M juk wmy te mssgss mssg ss stubgkt fkewlgbig ej veamoulmry er jmats cs te `mtad werbs wctd tdgcr bgjckctceks er ireup jmats ckte icvgk amtgiercgs. Xrevcbg gmad stubgkt er pmcr ej stubgkts wctd m sgt ej amrbs. Cj mssgsscki fkewlgbig ej aektgkt mrgm veamoulmry ck m dgmltd ukct ek kutrctcek, prckt werbs suad ms “amroedybrmtg,‐ “a mroedybrmtg,‐ “pretgck,‐ mkb “amlercg‐ ek ekg sgt ej amrbs mkb tdgcr aerrgspekbcki bgjckctceks ek mketdgr sgt ej amrbs. Og surg tdmt tdgrg cs ekly ekg werb er ekg bgjckctcek ek gmad amrb. Qtubgkts amk mlse plmy m im`g ej aekagktrmtcek wctd tdgsg amrbs. Mll amrbs mrg turkgb evgr se tdmt tdg werbs mkb bgjckctceks mrg dcbbgk. Qtubgkts plmy tdcs im`g wctd m pmrtkgr. Ekg stubgkt turks evgr twe amrbs. Cj tdg twe amrbs aektmck m werb mkb m bgjckctcek tdmt `mtad, tdgy fggp tdg pmcr ej amrbs. Amrbs tdmt be ket `mtad mrg turkgb omaf evgr mkb tdg etdgr stubgkt tmfgs m turk mt jckbcki m `mtad. Rdg matcvcty aektckugs uktcl mll werbs mkb bgjckctceks dmvg oggk jeukb. Mketdgr wmy te usg tdg `mtadcki matcvcty matc vcty cs te put ckbcvcbuml werbs ekte gma gmad d amrb mkb tdgk dmvg tdg stubgkts ireup tdg amrbs. Ydgk stubycki rgkgwmolg mkb kek-rgkgwmolg rgseurags, yeu weulb prckt werbs lcfg “ecl,‐ “exyigk,‐ “wmtgr,‐ “aeml,‐ mkb “urmkcu`‐ ek tdg amrbs. Icvg gmad stubgkt er pmcr ej stubgkts s tubgkts m sgt ej amrbs. Qtubgkts bcvcbg tdg amrbs ckte twe pclgs. Ekg pclg weulb ckalubg rgkgwmolg rgseurags mkb tdg etdgr pclg weulb ckalubg kekrgkgwmolg rgseurags. ?7> Eosgrvmtceks  - Eosgrvcki stubgkts amk prevcbg vmlumolg ckjer`mtcek moeut dew stubgkts mrg preirgsscki mkb wdmt strmtgicgs strmtg icgs tdgy mrg uscki te lgmrk. _gaerbcki ckjer`mtcek amk tmfg sgvgrml bcjjgrgkt jer`s. Seu amk usg stcafy ketgs te net bewk yeur eosgrvmtceks. Mt tdg gkb ej tdg bmy, tdgsg stcafy ketgs amk og gmscly jclgb ckte ckbcvcbuml stubgkt jclg jelbgrs er ockbgrs. Wscki m ircb tdmt aektmcks mll tdg km`gs ej tdg stubgkts ck yeur almss cs mketdgr usgjul aellgatcek bgvcag. Ms yeu eosgrvg bcjjgrgkt stubgkts, yeu net bewk ckjer`mtcek ck tdgcr oex ek tdg ircb. Rdg ircb mllews yeu te sgg, mt m ilmkag, tdg km`gs ej tdg stubgkts wde dmvg ket oggk eosgrvgb. Rdgsg stubgkts amk tdgk ogae`g tdg jeaus ej yeur eosgrvmtcek burcki tdg kgxt almss. Jclg amrbs mrg mketdgr aellgatcek bgvcag. Ketgs moeut ckbcvcbuml stubgkts amk og aellgatgb ek jclg amrbs. Mt tdg gkb ej almss, jclg jc lg tdgsg amrbs ogdckb gmad stubgkt–s km`g. Ydgk yeu mrg rgmby rgmb y te mkmlyzg yeur eosgrvmtceks, sc`ply pull eut mll tdg jclg amrbs ek m pmrtcaulmr stubgkt mkb rgmb tdg ae``gkts yeu dmvg `mbg burcki yeur eosgrvmtceks. Cj eosgrvmtceks mrg tmfgk evgr m ku`ogr ej almssgs, yeu amk bgtgr`ckg wdgtdgr tdgrg cs m pmttgrk te tdg ogdmvceurs yeu eosgrvg.

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

?7

?:> Ekg @ckutg Gssmys - Rdg ekg `ckutg gssmy cs m qucaf jer`mtcvg mssgss`gkt strmtgiy tdmt mllews yeu te imuig stubgkt ukbgrstmkbcki ej m pmrtcaulmr tepca. Xesg m qugstcek te tdg stubgkts dmvg tdg stubgkts rgspekb. Rgll tdg stubgkts tdgy dmvg ekg `ckutg te wrctg bewk tdgcr rgspeksg. Gksurg tdg qugstcek yeu msf amk og mkswgrgb ck ekg `ckutg. Wsg qugstceks tdmt amusg stubgkts te rgjlgat ek lgmrkcki mkb `mfg pgrsekml aekkgatceks wctd tdgcr ewk lcvgs. Wsg Olee`–s Rmxeke`y ej qugstcek stmrtgrs stmrtgrs   cj yeu mrg uksurg ej dew te pesg m

qugstcek. Mc` jer qugstceks tdmt usg tdg tdrgg dcidgr lgvgls. ?9> Ekg @ckutg Jlugkay  - Ogcki molg te rgmb jlugktly cs mk c`pertmkt sfcll. Mssgss tdg jlugkay ej yeur stubgkts ek m rgiulmr omscs te gksurg gksu rg tdgy mrg rgmbcki mt mk mppreprcmtg rmtg jer ukbgrstmkbcki mt tdgcr irmbg lgvgl. Jer `erg ckjer`mtcek ek rgmbcki jlugkay mkb m lcst ej rgmbcki rmtgs pgr irmbg lgvgl jer oetd erml mkb sclgkt rgmbcki, plgmsg vcsct  vcsct  _gmbcki Derczeks. Derczeks.  Jer rgmbcki pmssmigs mt yeur irmbg lgvgl vcsct tdg  tdg  @gmbg Qadeel Bcstrcat j er er Irmbg ? te Irmbg =? pmssmigs mkb Rdg @aIrmw-Dclls Ae`pmky wgosctg  wgosctg  jer Irmbg = te Irmbg : jlugkay pmssmigs. ?4> Ekg Qgktgkag Qu``mrcgs - Msfcki stubgkts te prevcbg yeu wctd m ekg sgktgkag su``mry ej wdmt tdgy dmvg lgmrkgb prevcbgs yeu wctd ckjer`mtcek moeut wdmt yeur stubgkts fkew moeut m tepca. Icvg stubgkts tc`g te rgjlgat ek tdgcr lgmrkcki mkb gkaeurmig stubgkts te tdckf moeut tdgcr rgspeksg. Rdg bgptd ej tdg stubgkt su``mrcgs wcll ckbcamtg tdgcr ukbgrstmkbcki ej tdg tepca er ukct te bmtg mkb prevcbg yeu wctd bcrgatcek jer juturg  plmkkcki ej lgsseks. ?3> Epgk-Gkbgb ]ugstceks - Wscki epgk-gkbgb qugstceks mllews yeu te bgtgr`ckg tdg bgptd mkb orgmbtd ej stubgkt lgmrkcki. Msf stubgkts qugstceks tdmt t dmt amkket og mkswgrgb wctd “ygs‐ er “ke‐ er mketdgr ekg werb mkswgr. Epgk-gkbgb Epgk -gkbgb qugstceks rgqucrg stubgkts te tdckf moeut tdgcr mkswgrs mkb usg tdgcr fkewlgbig mkb ukbgrstmkbcki moeut m tepca ck tdgcr rgspeksgs. ]ugstceks tdmt ckvelvg tdg werb “wdy‐ ejtgk  ejtgk   gkaeurmig bggpgr tdckfcki. Gxm`plgs ej uscki epgk-gkbgb qugstceks ck `mtd mrg mvmclmolg mt  mt Epgk Gkbgb ]ugstceks ck @mtd..  @mtd M ieeb mrtcalg tctlgb, “Epgk-Gkbgb “Epgk-Gkbgb ]ugstceks ck _gmbcki‐ _gmbcki‐ cs ek tdg Xrmatcaml Mssgss`gkt, _gsgmrad & Gvmlumtcek wgosctg. 18> Xmpgr Xmss - Xmpgr pmss cs m jer` ej ormckster`cki tdmt igts stubgkts up mkb `evcki jre` tdgcr bgsfs. Admrt pmpgr wctd bcjjgrgkt tmrigt t mrigt werbs er qugstceks mrg pestgb mreukb tdg almssree`. Qtubgkts retmtg mreukb tdg ree` te tdg bcjjgrgkt ormckster`cki sdggts mkb mbb tdgcr ae``gkts moeut tdg tepcas mkb moeut wdmt etdgr stubgkts dmvg wrcttgk. Rdg preagss jer tdg pmpgr pmss amk og ckjer`ml er jer`ml. Mk ckjer`ml usg ej tdg pmpgr pmss pgr`cts stubgkts te wmkbgr mreukb tdg almssree` mkb rgspekb te tdg tepca werbs er qugstceks ej tdgcr adeescki. M `erg jer`ml usg ckvelvgs stubgkts ogcki bcvcbgb ckte ireups mkb systg`mtcamlly retmtcki mreukb tdg ree` mkb rgspekbcki. M wcfc tdmt eutlckgs tdg spgacjca stgps jer uscki tdg pmpgr pmss tgadkcqug amk og jeukb mt  mt  Bcjjgrgktcmtgb Ckstruatcek Ckstruatcek.. 

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

?:

1=> Xggr-Mssgss`gkts  - Mssgss`gkts oy pggrs cs m pewgrjul wmy te imtdgr ckjer`mtcek moeut stubgkts mkb tdgcr ukbgrstmkbcki. Qtubgkts amk usg m sgt arctgrcm te mssgss ms sgss tdg werf ej tdgcr almss`mtgs. Xggr-mssgss`gkt amk og usgb ck bcjjgrgkt suongat mrgms. Ck wrctcki, jer gxm`plg, stubgkts amk mssgss mssgss mketdgr stubgkt–s pcgag ej wrctcki mkb prevcbg jggbomaf moeut wdmt tdgy eosgrvg. Mk gxm`plg ej pggr mssgss`gkt ck wrctcki cs jeukb mt tdg Xertjelce Mssgss`gkt ck tdg Jergcik Lmkiumig Almssree`. Almssree`. 

Ydgkgvgr stubgkts werf ck ireups, tdg aekbctceks gxcst jer stubgkts te mssgss tdgcr pggrs. Mk gxm`plg ej pggr-mssgss`gkt jer ireup werf cs mvmclmolg mt  mt   Kew Kew wctd Ocll @eygrs @eygrs..  1?> Xlmag`mts - Rdg plmag`mt strmtgiy cs mk gkneymolg matcvcty jer stubgkts mkb prevcbgs yeu wctd ckjer`mtcek moeut tdgcr aurrgkt lgvgl ej ukbgrstmkbcki. Xrevcbg gmad ireup ej jeur er jcvg stubgkts wctd m lmrig sdggt ej pmpgr. Ck tdg `cbblg ej tdg pmpgr wrctg tdg tepca er tmrigt qugstcek. Qtubgkts bcvcbg tdg pmpgr up se tdgy gmad dmvg m sgatcek te wrctg ck mkb tdgrg cs ree` ck tdg `cbblg te su``mrczg tdgcr rgspeksgs. Qtubgkts ckbcvcbumlly wrctg er brmw te bg`ekstrmtg tdgcr ukbgrstmkbcki ej tdg tepca er tmrigt qugstcek ck tdgcr mrgm ej tdg  plmag`mt. Rdgy tdgk sdmrg wdmt wdmt tdgy dmvg wrcttgk er brmwk wctd tdg etdgr etdgr ireup `g`ogrs. Mjtgr gvgryekg dms jckcsdgb sdmrcki, stubgkts bcsauss tdg ckjer`mtcek mkb ae`g up wctd twe er tdrgg `mck cbgms. Rdgy wrctg tdgsg cbgms ck tdg agktgr ej tdg pmpgr mkb sdmrg tdg` wctd tdg rgst ej tdg almss. Mk mkmlyscs ej tdg plmag`mts plma g`mts prevcbgs yeu wctd m ilc`psg ej wdmt

tdg stubgkts dmvg lgmrkgb se jmr ck tdg ukct. 11> Xreolg` Qelvcki - Xesg m preolg` te stubgkts mkb msf tdg` dew tdgy weulb selvg ct. Qtubgkts amk rgspekb ermlly er ck wrctcki. Rdg rgspeksgs icvgk oy tdg stubgkts ckbcamtg tdgcr td gcr lgvgl ej ukbgrstmkbcki rgimrbcki tdg ukct ogcki stubcgb. Ckjer`mtcek prevcbgb oy tdg stubgkts icvgs yeu mk ckbcamtcek ej wdmt typg ej ckstruatcek cs kggbgb burcki juturg lgsseks. Mk mrtcalg tdmt gxplmcks `erg moeut tdg usg ej preolg` selvcki ms m jer`mtcvg mssgss`gkt strmtgiy mppgmrs ek tdg  tdg Rgmadcki @mtd  @mtd wgosctg. 12> ]ugstcekkmcrgs - ]ugstcekkmcrgs amk og usgb ck vmrceus suongat mrgms mkb jer m vmrcgty ej purpesgs. Ydgk usgb ms m jer`mtcvg mssgss`gkt strmtgiy, qugstcekkmcrgs prevcbg tgmadgrs wctd ckjer`mtcek ek stubgkt lgmrkcki tdmt tdgy amk usg te plmk jurtdgr ckstruatcek. 17> ]ugstcekcki - ]ugstcekcki cs m irgmt jer`mtcvg mssgss`gkt strmtgiy te bgtgr`ckg tdg

bgptd ej stubgkt ukbgrstmkbcki. Msf stubgkts lewgr lgvgl qugstceks tdmt jeaus ek tdg jmats mkb igkgrml ckjer`mtcek moeut m tepca. Wsg dcidgr lgvgl qugstceks te gkaeurmig stubgkts te tdckf moeut mkb rgjlgat ek tdgcr lgmrkcki. Burcki m ukct ek gkgriy aeksgrvmtcek, yeu `my msf stubgkts te tgll yeu bcjjgrgkt wmys tdmt tdgy aeulb aeksgrvg gkgriy. Rdg lcstcki lcstc ki ej cbgms weulb og m lewgr lgvgl qugstcek. Msfcki stubgkts te bgsarcog ekg wmy tdgy aeksgrvg gkgriy mkb dew tdcs prmatcag mjjgats tdg gkvcrek`gkt weulb weul b og m dcidgr lgvgl qugstcek. Olee`–s Rmxeke`y aektmcks scx lgvgls ej tdckfcki tdmt tgmadgrs amk usg te iucbg tdg qugstceks tdgy tdg y msf tdgcr stubgkts. ]ugstcek stmrtgrs jer tdg bcjjgrgkt lgvgls ej Olee`–s Rmxeke`y amk og Ckvctcki Qtubgkt Gkimig`gkt wctd ]ugstcekcki‐ ]ugstcekcki‐ mt rgbEroct.  rgbEroct.  jeukb mt  mt Wtgmad. Wtgmad. _gmb, ““Ckvctcki

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

?9

1:> ]ucaf Yrctgs  - ]ucaf wrctgs icvg tgmadgrs m vcsuml ej stubgkt lgmrkcki. Xrevcbg stubgkts wctd mk epgk-gkbgb qugstcek mkb sgt mk m`eukt ej tc`g jer dmvcki tdg` wrctg-jre` twe te jcvg `ckutgs. Rgll stubgkts ket te werry moeut tdg aekvgktceks ej wrctcki out rmtdgr jeaus ek igttcki tdgcr cbgms bewk ek pmpgr. Ydgk tdg tc`g cs up, msf stubgkts te t e put tdgcr pgkacls bewk. Leef tdreuid tdg qucaf wrctgs jer vmlumolg ckjer`mtcek rgimrbcki tdg fkewlgbig mkb ukbgrstmkbcki yeur stubgkts dmvg moeut m icvgk tepca. Wscki m qucaf wrctg

mt tdg stmrt ej almss cs mlse m irgmt wmy w my te matcvmtg tdg prcer fkewlgbig ej yeur stubgkts. M ieeb mrtcalg ek tdg usg ej qucaf wrctgs ms m jer`mtcvg mssgss`gkt teel cs mmtt tdg Aellgig wgosctg. @mryIrevg Aellgig  19> _gjlgatcek Neurkmls - _gjlgatcek neurkmls mrg m typg ej neurkml tdmt gkaeurmigs stubgkts te tdckf moeut wdmt tdgy dmvg lgmrkgb mkb `mfg aekkgatceks te tdgcr ewk lcvgs. _gmbcki tdreuid tdg gktrcgs tdmt stubgkts argmtg icvgs yeu ckjer`mtcek tdmt amk og usgb te plmk juturg lgsseks. Zcsct  Zcsct RgmadgrZcscek  RgmadgrZcscek jer gxm`plgs ej rgjlgatcek neurkmls. 14> _gpgmt Xrg-mssgss`gkts - Mketdgr wmy te jer`mtcvgly mssgss yeur stubgkts cs te rgpgmt m prg-mssgss`gkt strmtgiy strmtg iy yeu usgb mt tdg ogickkcki ej m ukct ej stuby. Mt tdg stmrt ej m ukct ek gaesystg`s, yeu `my dmvg msfgb yeur stubgkts te argmtg m wgo er wrctg m ekg-`ckutg gssmy ek gaesystg`s. @cbwmy tdreuid tdg ukct, rgpgmt tdg strmtgiy yeu usgb te aellgat prgmssgss`gkt bmtm. _gmb tdreuid tdg stubgkt rgspeksgs mkb ae`pmrg tdg bgptd ej ukbgrstmkbcki te tdg ckctcml mssgss`gkt. @est prg-mssgss`gkt strmtgicgs amk og rgpgmtgb te bgtgr`ckg wdmt stubgkts dmvg lgmrkgb mkb te ckjer` yeur ckstruatcek. 13> _gspeksg Amrbs - Rdgrg mrg se `mky usgs jer rgspeksg amrbs ck m almssree`. Msf m qugstcek mkb stubgkts rgspekb oy delbcki up m amrb. Rdg `est ae``ek rgspeksg amrbs mrg ygs/ke qugstceks. Qtubgkts mrg prevcbgb wctd twe amrbs. Ekg amrb dms tdg werb “Sgs‐ wrcttgk ek ct mkb ekg amrb dms tdg werb “Ke‐ ek ct. Mjtgr amllcki eut m qugstcek, stubgkts rgspekb oy delbcki up tdgcr mkswgr. Ilmkag mreukb tdg ree` mkb qucafly mssgss stubgkt ukbgrstmkbcki. Rdgrg mrg `mky bcjjgrgkt typgs ej rgspeksg amrbs. Rry uscki trug/jmlsg rgspeksg amrbs, `mtd epgrmtceks amrbs, er pukatumtcek amrbs wctd yeur stubgkts. Bcigst   icvgs mk gxm`plg ej uscki `mtd jmats rgspeksg amrbs mkb dms m lckf te Bgo–s Bmtm Bcigst uscki pukatumtcek rgspeksg amrbs. 28> Qglj-Mssgss`gkts Qglj-Mssgss`gkts - Xrevcbg gmad stubgkt wctd m sglj-mssgss`gkt sglj-mss gss`gkt rglmtgb te yeur ukct ej stuby. Qglj-mssgss`gkt ckvelvgs stubgkts rgjlgatcki moeut tdgcr ewk lgmrkcki ck rglmtcek te ukct iemls er eutae`gs. Adgaflcsts er epgk-gkbgb qugstceks amk og usgb te msscst stubgkts wctd tdgcr rgjlgatceks. Ckalubg qugstceks tdmt bgml wctd stubgkt s tubgkt ukbgrstmkbcki moeut tdg tepca mkb wctd tdg cbgktcjcamtcek ej mrgms tdmt kggb `erg ckjer`mtcek er `erg prmatcag. Qtubgkts mrg ejtgk molg te mrtcaulmtg tdgcr lgmrkcki lgm rkcki kggbs te us. Yg nust kggb te msf tdg rcidt qugstceks. Qglj-mssgss`gkts cs ekg wmy ej msfcki stubgkts moeut tdgcr lgmrkcki mkb tdg ckjer`mtcek amk tdgk og usgb te dglp plmk juturg ckstruatcek.

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

?4

2=> Qgktgkag Xre`pts - Qgktgkag pre`pts amk og usgb ck m vmrcgty ej wmys te ckjer`mlly mssgss stubgkts mkb imtdgr ckjer`mtcek te ckjer` ckstruatcek. Qc`plg sgktgkag stmrtgrs suad ms tdg jellewcki aeulb og usgb> •  C ukbgrstmkb .... •  C bek–t ukbgr stmkb stmkb .... •  C kggb `erg ckjer`mtcek moeut ...

Xre`pts jer jckbcki eut wdmt stubgkts dmvg lgmrkgb lgm rkgb moeut bcjjgrgkt wrctcki aekvgktceks mrg ckalubgb ck tdg mrtcalg, “Jer`mtcvg mssgss`gkts> Ckjer`ml wrctcki ogmts irm``mr quczzgs quczzgs‐‐  wdcad cs mvmclmolg mt tdg Seu Amk Rgmad Yrctcki Yrctc ki wgosctg. Xre`pts tdmt amk og usgb ck `mtd mrg mvmclmolg mt @cstgr Rgmadgr . Rdg werbcki ej tdgsg  pre`pts amk og mbmptgb mbmptgb te tmrigt tdg ukct eutae`g er spgacjca sfcll y yeu eu wmkt te jer`mtcvgly mssgss. 2?> Qdew ej Dmkbs - M sc`plg strmtgiy te imuig tdg ukbgrstmkbcki lgvgl ej yeur stubgkts cs tdreuid m sdew ej dmkbs. Ck m ukct ek preolg` selvcki, yeu `my msf yeur stubgkts cj tdgy rgamll tdg stgps kggbgb te selvg m preolg` er dew te bgtgr`ckg tdg epgrmtcek ej m preolg`. Rdreuid m qucaf sdew ej dmkbs yeu amk bgacbg wdgtdgr yeu kggb te rgvcgw wctd m jgw stubgkts er wctd tdg wdelg almss. 21> Qtubgkt Ae`pesgb ]ugstceks  - Dmvg stubgkts wrctg “tgst‐ qugstceks. Qtubgkts ae`pesg tdg qugstceks mkb pesscolg mkswgrs. Qtubgkts sdeulb tdckf moeut wdmt qugstceks weulb sdew mk ckbgptd ukbgrstmkbcki ej m tepca. Ydgk stubgkts dmvg jckcsdgb argmtcki tdgcr qugstceks mkb mkswgrs, tdgy dmkb tdg` ck te yeu. _gmb tdreuid tdg qugstceks mkb mkswgrs te igt m jggl jer wdmt tdg stubgkts dmvg lgmrkgb moeut m tepca. Wsg tdg qugstceks ms pre`pts jer almss bcsaussceks er dmvg stubgkts gxadmkig tdgcr qugstcek sdggts. Qtubgkts mkswgr tdg qugstceks mkb rgturk tdg` te tdgcr ewkgrs te og “`mrfgb.‐ Qtubgkts gkney plmycki tdg relg ej tdg tgmadgr. Gkaeurmig stubgkts te prevcbg pesctcvg, bgsarcptcvg jggbomaf te tdg stubgkt wde mkswgrgb tdgcr qugstceks. 22> Rgmad m Jrcgkb - M ieeb strmtgiy jer bgtgr`ckcki cj stubgkts ukbgrstmkb m aekagpt er  preagss cs te dmvg tdg` tgmad ct te m jrcgkb. Qtubgkts Qtubgkts kggb te tdckf moeut tdg fkewlgbig mkb sfclls kggbgb jer ukbgrstmkbcki mkb ckalubg tdmt ckjer`mtcek ck tdgcr tgmadcki. Xmcr stubgkts st ubgkts up mkb dmvg dmvg tdg` “tgmad‐ tdgcr pmrtkgr moeut tdg aekagpt er preagss.   27> Rdckf-Xmcr-Qdmrg Rdckf-Xmcr-Qdmrg - Rdg tdckf-pmcr-sdmrg strmtgiy cs m irgmt wmy te imtdgr ckjer`mtcek moeut tdg lgvgl ej ukbgrstmkbcki ej yeur stubgkts. Ct cs m qucaf mkb gmsy strmtgiy tdmt amk og usgb m ku`ogr ku`ogr ej tc`gs tdreuideut m ukct ej stuby. Msf stubgkts qugstceks suad ms, “Ydmt bcb yeu lgmrk burcki tebmy–s lgssek5‐ er “Ydmt aekkgatceks amk yeu `mfg te yeur ewk lcjg  omsgb ek wdmt yeu dmvg lgmrkgb se jmr5‐ Icvg stubgkts m jgw `ckutgs te ttdckf dckf moeut tdgsg qugstceks. Xmcr stubgkts up wctd pmrtkgrs. Qtubgkts sdmrg tdgcr t dgcr tdeuidts wctd gmad etdgr mkb tdgk neck m lmrigr ireup er tdg wdelg almss. _mkbe`ly amll ek stubgkts te sdmrg tdgcr cbgms. Oy iecki tdreuid tdcs preagss, stubgkts mrg molg te selcbcjy selcbcj y mkb rgjckg tdgcr tdckfcki ogjerg dmvcki te sdmrg tdgcr mkswgrs. Acraulmtg tdreuideut tdg almss ms stubgkts mrg sdmrcki tdgcr tdeuidts mkb cbgms te mssgss tdg evgrmll bgptd ej ukbgrstmkbcki.

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

?3

M ieeb mrtcalg tdmt leefs mt tdg tdckf-pmcr-sdmrg ms m jer`mtcvg mssgss`gkt strmtgiy cs, “Rgmadcki Cbgms> Wscki Rdckf-Xmcr-Qdmrg ms m Jer`mtcvg Mssgss`gkt ck tdg Almssree`‐ Almssree` ‐ oy Zcvcmk Dgrrek. 2:> Rdrgg Jmats mkb m Jco - Rdg tdrgg jmats mkb m jco matcvcty cs m irgmt strmtgiy te jckb eut wdmt stubgkts dmvg lgmrkgb moeut m ukct ej stuby. Qtubgkts wrctg bewk tdrgg jmats mkb ekg jco moeut m tepca. Rdgy tmfg turk sdmrcki tdgcr tdrgg jmats mkb m jco wctd m pmrtkgr, ck m s`mll ireup, er wctd tdg gktcrg almss. Qtubgkts gkney trycki te cbgktcjy tdg “jco.‐ Acraulmtg tdreuideut tdg almss ms tdg stubgkts mrg wrctcki mkb sdmrcki wdmt tdgy dmvg wrcttgk. 29> Rdrgg @ckutg Xmusg  - Rdg tdrgg `ckutg pmusg cs m strmtgiy tdmt mllews stubgkts te step mkb rgjlgat ek lgmrkcki, `mfg aekkgatceks te pgrsekml gxpgrcgkags, mkb msf jer jurtdgr ckjer`mtcek er almrcjcamtcek. Msscik stubgkts te ireups. Icvg stubgkts tdrgg `ckutgs te ae`plgtg tdcs matcvcty. Jcrst, tdg stubgkts su``mrczg tdg `mck peckts ej tdg kgw lgmrkcki.  Kgxt, tdgy `mfg aekkgatceks te pgrsekml gxpgrcgkags. Jckmlly, tdgy msf qugstceks te jurtdgr tdgcr ukbgrstmkbcki ej tdg lgmrkcki. Zcsct tdg  tdg Lctgrmay Iggfs  Iggfs wgosctg jer `erg ckjer`mtcek moeut tdg tdrgg `ckutg pmusg. Jer etdgr usgs mkb vmrcmtceks ej tdg tdrgg `ckutg pmusg, rgmb tdg mrtcalg oy  Beui Ougdl. Ougdl.  24> Rdrgg Rdckis - Rdg tdrgg tdckis strmtgiy ckvelvgs icvcki gmad stubgkt m pcgag ej pmpgr mkb dmvcki tdg` vcsumlly rgprgsgkt, tdreuid werbs er brmwckis, tdrgg tdckis tdgy dmvg lgmrkgb ck tdg ukct se jmr. Rgll stubgkts te prevcbg ms `mky bgtmcls ms pesscolg te bgtgr`ckg tdg bgptd ej tdgcr ukbgrstmkbcki. Dmvg stubgkts sdmrg wctd m pmrtkgr. Oy tmlfcki tdreuid tdgcr cbgms, stubgkts `my ae`g up wctd `erg bgtmcls bgtmcl s te mbb. Icvg stubgkts m aeuplg `ckutgs te mbb er `mfg admkigs te tdgcr “tdrgg tdckis‐ mkb tdgk dmvg tdg` dmkb tdg` ck se yeu amk tmfg m alesgr leef mt wdmt tdgy argmtgb. Acraulmtg tdreuid tdg almssree` ms stubgkts mrg werfcki mkb lcstgk te wdmt tdgy mrg smycki te tdgcr pmrtkgrs. Wsg tdcs ckjer`mtcek te dglp  plmk juturg ckstruatcek. 23> 1-?-= - Rdg 1-?-= strmtgiy cs m qucaf wmy te imck ckjer`mtcek moeut mll tdg stubgkts ck yeur almss mkb tdg lgvgl ej ukbgrstmkbcki tdgy dmvg moeut m aurrgkt ukct ej stuby. Msf stubgkts te net bewk tdrgg tdckis tdgy dmvg lgmrkgb moeut m tepca, `mfg twe pgrsekml aekkgatceks te tdg tepca, mkb ekg mrgm tdmt cs ukalgmr er ekg qugstcek tdgy dmvg moeut tdg tepca. _gmbcki ]ugst   prevcbgs m jgw suiigstceks jer uscki tdg 1-?-= strmtgiy mkb m tg`plmtg yeu ]ugst prevcbgs amk prckt eut jer almssree` usg. Qtg` _gseurags _gseurags  mlse prevcbgs m bgsarcptcek ej tdg 1-?-= strmtgiy. 78> Rdu`os Wp, Rdu`os Bewk  - Wscki tdg tdu`os up/tdu`os bewk strmtgiy wctd yeur stubgkts cs ekg wmy te bgtgr`ckg wdgtdgr stubgkts ukbgrstmkb tdg ckjer`mtcek prgsgktgb. Mjtgr cktrebuacki stubgkts te kgw lgmrkcki, be m qucaf ae`prgdgkscek adgaf te sgg cj stubgkts ukbgrstmkb tdg ckjer`mtcek prgsgktgb. Msf stubgkts s tubgkts te icvg yeu m tdu`os up cj ttdgy dgy ukbgrstmkb mkb m tdu`os bewk cj tdgy bek–t ukbgrstmkb mkb kggb `erg ckjer`mtc ckjer`mtcek. ek.   Mk mrtcalg tctlgb, “Jer`mtcvg “Jer`mtcvg Mssgss`gkt> Rdu`os Wp, Rdu`os Bewk, Rdu`os Mll-  Mll-   Mreukb‐ cs mvmclmolg ek tdg Rgmadcki Rdreuid tdg Mrts Olei. Ck tdcs mrtcalg, tdg mutder, Mreukb‐ Ngjjrgy Ocllmrb, bcsaussgs dew stubgkts amk usg tdgcr tdu`os te sdew bcjjgrgkt bgirggs ej ukbgrstmkbcki. ©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

18

7=> Rrmjjca Lcidt - Xrevcbg stubgkts wctd tdrgg acralgs. Icvg stubgkts m rgb acralg, m ygllew acralg, mkb m irggk acralg. Re adgaf jer stubgkt ukbgrstmkbcki burcki m lgssek er ukct, msf stubgkts qugstceks moeut tdgcr lgmrkcki. Cj stubgkts mrg ae`jertmolg wctd tdg tepca mkb rgmby te `evg ek, tdgy delb up tdgcr irggk acralg. Cj tdgy mrg jmcrly ae`jertmolg wctd tdg tepca, tdgy delb up tdgcr ygllew acralgs. Qtubgkts wde mrg aekjusgb er rgqucrg jurtdgr ckstruatcek te ukbgrstmkb, delb up tdg rgb acralg. Rdcs cs m qucaf strmtgiy tdmt prevcbgs yeu wctd

c``gbcmtg jggbomaf mkb prevcbgs bcrgatcek jer yeur ckstruatcek. Ckkevmtg @y Qadeel dms mk cktgrgstcki mrtcalg tdmt suiigsts mk mltgrkmtcvg te tdg tdrgg acralgs. Rdg mrtcalg, “Rrmjjca “Rrmjjca lcidt aups te gkdmkag mssgss`gkt jer lgmrkcki - tgk tep tcps‐ tcps‐  bgsarcogs dew stubgkts amk usg aeleurgb aups te ckbcamtg tdgcr lgvgl ej ukbgrstmkbcki.  - Rdg turk mkb tmlf strmtgiy mllews mll stubgkts te tmlf moeut m qugstcek 7?> Rurk mkb Rmlf  er tepca tdmt yeu dmvg cktrebuagb ck almss. Qtubgkts turk te m kgcidoeur mkb bcsauss tdgcr tdeuidts mkb wdmt tdgy dmvg lgmrkgb moeut tdg qugstcek qugstc ek er tepca. Oetd stubgkts mrg icvgk tdg eppertukcty te spgmf. Acraulmtg tdreuideut tdg almssree` burcki tdg turk mkb tmlf matcvcty ck erbgr te igt mk cbgm ej wdmt tdgy stubgkts fkew mkb dmvg lgmrkgb moeut tdg qugstcek er tepca ogcki stubcgb. Rdg @cb-Xmacjca @cb-Xmacjca Ckstctutg olei pest tctlgb, “Rurk “ Rurk mkb Rmlf Qtrmtgiy Icvgs Adclbrgk M Zecag‐ Zecag‐ prevcbgs bgtmclgb ckjer`mtcek moeut tdg turk mkb tmlf strmtgiy. 71> Ydcp Mreukb - Ydcp mreukb cs m jer`mtcvg mssgss`gkt strmtgiy tdmt ckvelvgs mll tdg stubgkts ck tdg almss. Jcrst, yeu pesg m qugstcek te tdg stubgkts. Rdg stubgkts mrg icvgk m jgw `ckutgs te jer`ulmtg tdgcr mkswgrs mkb `mfg orcgj ketgs. Seu tdgk rgpgmt tdg qugstcek mkb “wdcp mreukb‐ tdg ree` mkb dmvg gmad stubgkt icvg ekg rgspeksg jre` tdgcr ketgs. Rdg wdcp mreukb mssgss`gkt strmtgiy prevcbgs igkgrml ckjer`mtcek moeut stubgkt lgmrkcki mkb amk dglp yeu plmk juturg ckstruatcek. @erg ckjer`mtcek moeut tdg wdcp mreukb strmtgiy cs  prevcbgb mt tdg  tdg Bmkcgll @cbblg Qadeel Ygosctg Ygosctg.. 

JE_@MRCZG MQQGQQ@GKR QR_MRGICGQ JE_ QRWBGKR WQG 72> Msf   - Msf yeur stubgkts wdmt tdgy dmvg lgmrkgb burcki m ukct. Dmvg stubgkts cbgktcjy wdmt sfclls tdgy kggb te prmatcag er wdmt ckjer`mtcek tdgy rgqucrg te dglp wctd tdgcr ukbgrstmkbcki ej tdg tepca. Qtubgkts mrg ejtgk mwmrg ej tdg typg ej msscstmkag tdgy kggb. Rdgrg mrg m ku`ogr ej wmys te aellgat tdcs ckjer`mtcek. Xesg tdg qugstcek te tdg gktcrg almss mkb dmvg tdg` net bewk tdgcr rgspeksgs mkb dmkb tdg` ck. @ggt wctd stubgkts ekg-ek-ekg mkb dmvg m aekvgrsmtcek tdmt jeausgs ek tdg aurrgkt ukct ej stuby mkb msf stubgkts wdmt tdgy kggb te dglp tdg` aektckug te lgmrk moeut tdg tepca. Qtubgkts amk cbgktcjy wdmt tdgy kggb te be te jurtdgr tdgcr ukbgrstmkbcki mkb wdmt yeu amk be ms m tgmadgr. 77> Adgaflcsts - Adgaflcsts prevcbg stubgkts wctd vmlumolg ckjer`mtcek mkb ckbcamtg mrgms tdgy kggb te jeaus tdgcr lgmrkcki ek. Xrevcbg adgaflcsts jer tmsfs mkb msscik`gkts tdmt mrg icvgk te stubgkts se tdgy dmvg m `gmks te mssgss wdgtdgr tdgy dmvg ae`plgtgb mll tdg stgps ck m tmsf er ckalubgb mll tdg kggbgb ckjer`mtcek ck mk msscik`gkt. Cj stubgkts mrg `csscki ckjer`mtcek, tdgy amk bgacbg ek wdmt aeursg ej matcek tdgy kggb te tmfg te lgmrk tdg ckjer`mtcek. ©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

1=

7:> Neurkmls - Neurkmls prevcbg usgjul ckjer`mtcek te oetd tgmadgrs mkb stubgkts. Gkaeurmig stubgkts te cbgktcjy qugstceks er kggbs tdgy dmvg moeut tdgcr lgmrkcki mkb rgjlgat ek dew tdgy aeulb tmfg mk matcvg relg ck mbbrgsscki tdgsg qugstceks er kggbs. _gspekb te stubgkt qugstceks wctd jurtdgr suiigstceks mkb lgt stubgkts bgacbg ek tdg ogst aeursg ej matcek. 79> Xreagss Gxg`plmrs - Xreagss gxg`plmrs prevcbg stubgkts wctd ckjer`mtcek moeut tdg tdckfcki preagss tdmt lgmbs te ukbgrstmkbcki. Aellgat sm`plgs ej stubgkt tdckfcki oy dmvcki stubgkts gxplmck dew tdgy mrrcvgb mt mk mkswgr. M ieeb gxm`plg ej m preagss gxg`plmr weulb og selvcki m twe bcict `ultcplcamtcek qugstcek ck `mtd. Qtubgkts rgaerb gmad stgp ck tdgcr tdckfcki mkb prevcbg bgsarcptceks ej dew tdgy selvgb tdg qugstcek. Oy prevcbcki m ku`ogr ej bcjjgrgkt preagss gxg`plmrs jer gmad qugstcek, qugstc ek, stubgkts rgmlczg tdgrg cs `erg tdmk ekg wmy te selvg m preolg` mkb tdgy amk try eut bcjjgrgkt preagssgs mkb jckb tdg ekg tdmt werfs tdg ogst jer tdg`. 74> Xrebuat Gxg`plmrs> Xrevcbg gxg`plmrs jer stubgkts te ae`pmrg tdgcr werf. Ydgk wrctcki m kmrrmtcvg pmrmirmpd, jer gxm`plg, pest m jgw gxm`plgs ej tdg typg ej pmrmirmpd yeu mrg wmktcki tdg` te dmkb ck. Qtubgkts amk ae`pmrg tdgcr kmrrmtcvg pmrmirmpds te tdg gxg`plmrs mkb bgtgr`ckg wdmt tdgy kggb te admkig er mbb te tdgcr pmrmirmpd te bg`ekstrmtg `mstgry ej kmrrmtcvg wrctcki mt tdgcr irmbg lgvgl. 73> Qglj-@mrfcki ]uczzgs - Argmtg m ku`ogr ej quczzgs tdmt aektmck dcidgr mkb lewgr lgvgl qugstceks. Mllew stubgkts te tmfg tdgsg quczzgs mkb usg m fgy te `mrf tdg quczzgs tdg`sglvgs. Qtubgkts mrg molg te bgtgr`ckg tdgcr lgvgl ej ukbgrstmkbcki rgimrbcki m  pmrtcaulmr tepca er ukct ej stuby. stuby. Rdgy amk mlse cbgktcjy mrgms td tdgy gy kggb te spgkb `erg tc`g lgmrkcki oy tmfcki tdgsg sglj`mrfcki quczzgs. Ct cs c`pertmkt te strgss te stubgkts tdmt tdg  purpesg ej tdgsg quczzgs quczz gs cs te cbgktcjy mrgms jer jurtdgr bgvglep`gkt mkb tdmt tdg ku`ogr ej aerrgat er ckaerrgat rgspeksgs cs ket c`pertmkt. :8> Yrctcki Aektckuu`s - Yrctcki aektckuu`s prevcbg vmlumolg ckjer`mtcek te stubgkts wdcad tdgy amk usg te `mfg bgacsceks moeut tdgcr lgmrkcki. Xrevcbg stubgkts wctd m ku`ogr ej bcjjgrgkt sm`plgs ej wrctcki tdmt mrg wrcttgk mt bcjjgrgkt bgvglep`gktml lgvgls. Qtubgkts ae`pmrg tdgcr wrctcki sm`plg te tdg sm`plgs ek tdg t dg aektckuu` te bgtgr`ckg wdmt lgvgl tdgy

mrg werfcki mt mkb wdmt tdgy kggb te be te `evg te tdg kgxt lgvgl. Oy mkmlyzcki tdgcr wrctcki, stubgkts mrg molg te cbgktcjy mrgms tdgy kggb te bgvglep mkb sgt iemls te c`prevg tdgcr wrctcki. Aellgat wrctcki sm`plgs jre` yeur stubgkts te argmtg yeur wrctcki aektckuu`. Etdgr oeeflgts mvmclmolg ck tdg Jeaus tdg  Jeaus ek Qtubgkt Lgmrkcki sgrcgs mrg> O ee eeff Ekg> 78 Xr X r g-mssg -mssgss` ss`g gkt QQtrmt trmtg gi c gs 

O ee eeff R dr drg gg> Qu`` u``mtc mtc vg M ssgss` ssgss`g gkt - 78 Ymys Re I Imt mtdg dgrr G vcbg vcbgkag kag e ejj Qtub tubg gkt LLg gmrkc mrkcki ki   Zcsct www.rgicgrgbuamtcekmlrgseurags.ae`  www.rgicgrgbuamtcekmlrgseurags.ae`  jer `erg ckjer`mtcek ek tdgsg mkb etdgr tgmadcki rgseurags. Qcik up jer `y  `y `ektdly kgwslgttgr  mkb rgagcvg tdg goeeflgt, Eutae` Eutae`g gs> Wkpm kpmaf af mkb X lmk c k J c vg G msy Qtg Qtgps!  

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

1?

OMDMICMK XGKBCBCFMK @GKGKIMD @M_M  

Xg`ogzmmk Bcjjgrgktcmtcek 

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

11

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

12

Bcjjgrgktcmtcek cs tdg mbnust`gkt ej tdg tgmadcki preagss maaerbcki te tdg lgmrkcki kggbs ej tdg stubgkts.

Ct amk og mc`gb mt> M wdelg almss Ireups wctdck tdg almss Ckbcvcbumls

Igttcki Qtmrtgb Yctd Bcjjgrgktcmtcek

“Ck tdg gkb, mll lgmrkgrs kggb yeur gkgriy, g kgriy, yeur dgmrt mkb yeur `ckb. Rdgy dmvg tdmt ck ae``ek ogamusg tdgy mrg du`mks. Dew tdgy kggb yeu dewgvgr bcjjgrs. Wklgss wg ukbgrstmkb mkb rgspekb te tdesg bcjjgrgkags, wg jmcl `mky lgmrkgrs.‐  lgmrkgrs.‐ 

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

17

Igttcki Qtmrtgb wctd BCJJG_GKRCMRCEK

YDMR > 

Rgmadcki wctd stubgkt vmrcmkag ck `ckb Qtmrtcki wdgrg tdg fcbs mrg _gspekscvg tgmadcki rmtdgr tdmk ekg-sczg jcts mll Xrematcvgly plmkkcki vmrcgb mppremadgs Dekercki gmad stubgkt–s kggbs mkb `mxc`czcki gmad stubgkt–s lgmrkcki  lgmrkcki  _gmatcki rgspekscvgly te m lgmrkgr–s kggbs  kggbs  Qdmfcki up tdg almssree` se stubgkts dmvg `ultcplg eptceks jer tmfcki ck ckjer`mtcek, `mfcki sgksg ej cbgms, mkb gxprgsscki wdmt tdgy lgmrk

Igttcki Qtmrtgb

Gxm`ckg yeur pdclesepdy moeut ckbcvcbuml kggbs Qtmrt s`mll Irew slewly…out irew slewly…out irew Gkvcscek dew mk matcvcty wcll leef Qtgp omaf mkb rgjlgat

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

1:

Ydgrg Be C Ogick5 -Qtmrt -Qtmrt s`mll…out stmrt!  stmrt! 

Igttcki te fkew yeur stubgkts> mssgss`gkt, mssgss`gkt, mssgss`gkt…  mssgss`gkt…  cbgktcjycki cktgrgsts lgmrkcki prejclg strmtgicgs Xrgpmrcki tdg lgmrkcki gkvcrek`gkt Bcjjgrgktcmtcki aektgkt Bcjjgrgktcmtcki preagss Bcjjgrgktcmtcki prebuat

Aurrcaulu` Bcjjgrgktcmtcek

Ydmt

Ct cs m preagss tgmadgrs usg te gkdmkag lgmrkcki

Ydy

Re c`prevg tdg `mtad ogtwggk tdg lgmrkgr–s mrceus tgmadcki `gtdebs

©OX@@M_M?8=4

ew

Oy `mfcki admkigs ck tdg bgptd mkb orgmbtd ej stubgkt lgmrkcki

Ydgk

Burcki almss, uscki vmrcgb  pgbmieiy/mkbrmieiy mkb ckvelvgs  prgtgstcki

 

19

Rgmadgrs Amk Bcjjgrgktcmtg Rdreuid>

Lgsseks Lgsseks  

Gkvcrek`gkt  Gkvcrek`gkt 

Aektgkt  Aektgkt  Xreagss Xreagss  

Xrebuat  Xrebuat  Rdg @mfgr @ebgl,

Aektgkt Cs

Rdg —FKEY–  —FKEY–  Aektgkt ej aurrcaulu` ae`prcsgs>   Cbgms   Aekagpts 

  Ckjer`mtcek/fkewlgbig prgsgktgb te stubgkts Aektgkt amk og `mbg>   @erg ae`plgx   @erg vmrcgb   Erimkczgb bcjjgrgktly

©OX@@M_M?8=4

Nukg @mfgr, (=34?) 

 

14

Bcjjgrgktcmtcki Aektgkt 

C`pertmkt tdmt dcid moclcty stubgkts dmvg mk ukbgrstmkbcki ej tdg “omscas‐  “omscas‐  Xrgtgstcki dglps gstmolcsd tdcs  Kggb te og tmuidt mt m jmstgr p pmag mag wctd lgss rgpgtctcek mkb pesscoly jre` m bcjjgrgkt stmrtcki peckt. Aektgkt iemls sdeulb ckalubg eutae`gs mbmptgb er admkigb te suct tdg gstmolcsdgb fkewlgbig omsg ej tdg stubgkts   Begs gvgryekg kggb te fkew tdcs5   Qdeulb gvgryekg fkew tdcs5   Aeulb gvgryekg be tdcs5   Aekscbgr ogkad`mrfs, irmbg lgvgl

Bcjjgrgktcmtcki Aektgkt…  Aektgkt… 

@ultcplg tgxts Zmrcgb ae`putgr preirm`s Zmrcgb tc`g mllet`gkts Cktgrgst agktgrs Aektrmats/AMX Ireup Ckvgstcimtcek Ae`pmatcki

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

13

Xreagss Cs 

Rdg —BE–  —BE–  Xreagss cs tdg wmy ck wdcad aektgkt cs prgsgktgb te stubgkts>   ]ugstceks   Lgmrkcki matcvctcgs Xreagss amk og bcjjgrgktcmtgb oy>   @ebcjycki tdg lgvgl ej tdckfcki (c.g.,  (c.g., Olee`–s Olee`–s))    Admkicki tdg pmag   Admkicki tdg mppremad

Bcjjgrgktcmtcki Xreagss

Xreagsscki sfclls dglp stubgkts `mkcpulmtg fkewlgbig/ckjer`mtcek ck `gmkckijul wmys. _gsgmrad dms sdewk tdmt icjtgb stubgkts ogkgjct scikcjcamktly jre` dcidgr erbgr tdckfcki trmckcki. Amrgjul prgpmrmtcek ej qugstceks cs gssgktcml Mbept m tdckfcki `ebgl g.i., bgOeke–s  bgOeke–s  Qcx Rdckfcki Dmts, mkb usg ct rgpgmtgbly te mllew stubgkts te cktgrkmlcsg ct.

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

28

Bcjjgrgktcmtcki Xreagss 

@ultcplg cktgllcigkags

Rcgrgb msscik`gkts Lgmrkcki agktgrs Irmpdca erimkczgrs Q`mll Ireup ckvgstcimtcek _MJR (_elg, Mubcgkag, Jer`mt, Repca) Lgmrkcki Aektrmats Lctgrmturg Acralgs _MJR (_elg, Mubcgkag, Jer`mt, Repca)

msscik`gkts Qc`ulmtceks Ncismw Lgvglgb Rgxts Ckbgpgkbgkt Qtuby bg bgOeke–s Oeke–s  Qcx Rdckfcki Dmts Lgmrkcki Qtuby gta

Ckstruatcekml Qtylgs

Ckbgpgkbgkt Qtuby AMX  @gktersdcps  Xrengats  Qc`ulmtcek/relg plmycki  Glgatrekca lgmrkcki     Lgmrkcki im`gs Lgmrkcki agktgrs  Jcglb trcps Aeepgrmtcvg lgmrkcki  Xggr tutercki  Q`mll ireu bcsaussceks  Bg`ekstrmtcek  Bcsausscek  Lgaturg 

©OX@@M_M?8=4

dcid ckvelvg`gkt

   t   k   g   `   g   v    l   e   v   k    C    –   s    t   k   g    b   u    t    Q lew ckvelvg`g ckvelvg`gkt kt 

 

2=

Rcgrgb Lgsseks> Ydmt Cs Rcgrcki5 

Ekg jer` ej bcjjgrgktcmtcek Gksurgs tdmt stubgkts wctd bcjjgrgkt lgmrkcki kggbs werf wctd tdg sm`g gssgktcmls mkb usg tdg sm`g fgy sfclls out mt bcjjgrgkt lgvgls ej> Ae`plgxcty Mostrmatkgss Epgk-gkbgbkgss

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

2?

Ydmt amk og tcgrgb5

Msscik`gkts

@mtgrcmls

De`gwerf

Mssgss`gkts

Matcvctcgs

Lgmrkcki Agktrgs

Gxpgrc`gkts

gta

Xrebuat Cs

—AE@@WKCAMRCEK– ej lgmrkcki  lgmrkcki  Xrebuat cs>   Ydmt tdg stubgkts prebuag   KER m su``mtcek ej aektgkt

Qdeulb ckvelvg>   Dcidgr lgvgl rgmsekcki sfclls (Olee`–s Olee`–s  Rmxeke`y)   Mkmlyscki   Gvmlumtcki   Argmtcki

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

21

Bcjjgrgktcmtcki Xrebuat 

Icjtgb stubgkts rgqucrg dcid out spgacjca gxpgatmtceks mkb bgptd wctd prebuat> _gml werlb preolg`s mkb prebuats Zmrcgty ej prebuatcek rgqucrg`gkts mkb mltgrkmtcvgs Epgk-gkbgb prebuat mltgrkmtcvgs tdmt gkaeurmig argmtcvg rgspeksgs M rgmsek jer sdmrcki tdgcr jckbckis M rgml mubcgkag _gmlcstca aerrgatcvg jggbomaf

Bcjjgrgktcmtcki Xrebuat 

@eoclg

Bgomtg

Xertjelce

@ultcplg cktgllcigkags-omsgb ercgktmtceks

Gssmys

 Kgietcmtgb arctgrcm

@ebgl

Rgst Qaergs

Xeg`/Qeki

Oeef

Im`g

gta

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

22

Bcjjgrgktcmtcki Lgmrkcki Gkvcrek`gkt 

Admkigs te tdg pdyscaml gkvcrek`gkt Aekscstgkt usg ej prgtgstcki Bgargmsg ck jrgqugkay ej lmrig ireup matcvctcgs Ckargmsg ck =.  Q`mll ireup tgmadcki matcvctcgs ?.  Jlgxcolg s`mll ireup lgmrkcki matcvctcgs 1.  Zmrcgb De`gwerf 2.  Lgmrkcki Agktgrs 7.  Cktgrgst Agktgrs :.  Ckbgpgkbgkt prengats (ckscbg mkb eutscbg almssree`)

Rypgs Ej Ireups...

Yctdck-almss ireups Ogtwggk-almss ireups Gkrcad`gkt ireups Aeepgrmtcvg ireups Cktgrgst-omsgb ireups Moclcty vs. `cx moclcty ireupcki

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

27

Bcjjgrgktcmtcki Rgmadgr 

Rgmadgr ogae`cki pmrt ej tdg lgmrkcki gxplermtcek Admkigs ck erimkczcki mkb `mkmicki almssree` Admkigs ck relg jre` fkewlgbig-icvgr te jmaclctmter @ust dmvg mppreprcmtg omsg fkewlgbig mkb sfclls Rgmadgr ogae`cki pmrt ej tdg lgmrkcki gxplermtcek

Dew Re Bcjjgrgktcmtg m Lgssek 

Aekscbgr mbnustcki tdgsg ae`pekgkts> EONGARCZG/LGM_KCKI EWRAE@GQ (vmry bgptd er orgmbtd, epgkgkbgb tmsfs) CKR_EBWARCEK (usg irmpdca erimkczgrs, prgtgstcki, mbb mk cktrciucki twcst...) I_EWXCKI CKQR_WARCEK ( vmry tgmadcki `gtdebs, usg ckbuatcvg, bgbuatcvg er dmkbs-ek strmtgicgs6 mltgr pmag) LGM_KCKI MARCZCRCGQ (aekargtg te mostrmat, vcsuml te tmatclg, Olee`–s) _GQEW_AGQ (vmry tdg bgptd, ae`plgxcty, jer`mt) X_EBWARQ (msscik er argmtg eptceks, mltgrkmtcvgs er epgk-gkbgb jer`mts)

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

2:

@mkmicki m Bcjjgrgktcmtgb Almssree`> Qe`g Xrmatcaml Aekscbgrmtceks 

Icvcki tdeuidtjul bcrgatceks Gstmolcsd reutckgs jer igttcki dglp Qtmy mwmrg, stmy erimkczgb Aekscbgr “de`g omsg‐ sgmts  sgmts  Gstmolcsd stmrt-up mkb wrmp-up preagburgs Rgmad stubgkts te werf jer qumlcty

Icvcki Bcrgatceks 

Cj tdg wdelg almss cs becki tdg sm`g matcvcty, icvg tdg bcrgatceks te tdg wdelg ireup Be ket icvg `ultcplg tmsf bcrgatceks te tdg wdelg almss Jer s`mll ireup werf, tmpgb bcrgatceks amk og o g usg se stubgkts amk lcstgk te tdg` rgpgmtgbly Wsg tmsf amrbs te icvg bcrgatceks te s`mll ireups

  Ekag bcrgatceks wgrg icvgk, stubgkts amkket cktgrrupt wdclg tgmadgr cs wctd m ireup 

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

29

CKQR_WARCEKML MKB @MKMIG@GKR QR_MRGICGQ JE_ BCJJG_GKRCMRCEK QR_MRGIS

AE@XMARCKI

CKBGXGKBGKR X_ENGARQ

BGQA_CXRCEK EJ QR_MRGIS

QWIIGQRCEKQ JE_ WQG YCRD ICJRGB LGM_KG_Q

M 1-stgp preagss tdmt > (c) mssgssgs wdmt m stubgkt fkews moeut `mtgrcml te og stubcgb mkb wdmt tdg stubgkt stcll kggbs te `mstgr. (cc) plmks jer lgmrkcki wdmt cs ket fkewk mkb gxausgs stubgkt jre` wdmt cs fkewk, mkb (ccc) plmks jer jrggb-up tc`g te og spgkt ck gkrcadgb er maaglgrmtgb stuby.

* Gxplmck tdg preagss mkb cts ogkgjcts te stubgkts mkb pmrgkts * Beau`gkt prg mssgss`gkt *Mllew stubgkt `uad adecag ck usg ej tc`g “oeuidt‐ tdreuid  prgvceus `mstgry *Wsg wrcttgk plmks mkb tc`glckgs jer maaglgrmtgb er gkrcad`gkt stuby *Amk usg ireup ae`pmatcki jer sgvgrml stubgkts * Ouclb ek stubgkt cktgrgst * Mllew tdg stubgkt `mxc`u` jrggbe` te  plmk, omsgb ek stubgkt rgmbckgss jer jrggbe`. * Rgmadgr prevcbgs iucbmkag mkb struaturg te supplg`gkt stubgkt

Xreagss tdreuid wdcad stubgkt mkb tgmadgr cbgktcjy  preolg`s er tepcas er cktgrgst te tdg stubgkt. Oetd stubgkt mkb tgmadgr plmk m `gtdeb ej ckvgstcimtcki tdg  preolg` er tepca mkb cbgktcjycki tdg typg ej  prebuat tdg stubgkt wcll bgvglep. Rdcs  prebuat sdeulb mbbrgss tdg preolg` mkb bg`ekstrmtg tdg stubgkt–s moclcty moclcty te mpply sfclls mkb fkewlgbig te tdg  preolg` er tepca.

©OX@@M_M?8=4

ampmacty te plmk mkb te gksurg dcid stmkbmrbs ej  prebuatcek * Wsg prgsgt tc`glckgs te zmp prearmstckmtcek *Wsg preagss leis te beau`gkt tdg preagss ckvelvgb tdreuideut tdg stuby. * Gstmolcsdgb arctgrcm jer suaagss

YDS MXX_EX_CMRG JE_ ICJRGB LGM_KG_Q * _gaeikczgs lmrig rgsgrvecr ej fkewlgbig * Qmtcsjcgs dukigr te lgmrk `erg moeut tepcas tdmk sadeel ejtgk mllews * Gkaeurmigs ckbgpgkbgkag * Glc`ckmtgs  oergbe` mkb lgtdmriy rgsultcki jre` ukkgagssmry brcll mkb prmatcag.

* Ouclbs ek stubgkt cktgrgst * Qmtcsjcgs aurcescty * Rgmadcki plmkkcki mkb rgsgmrad sfclls mt mbvmkagb lgvgls * Gkaeurmigs ckbgpgkbgkag * Mllews werf wctd ae`plgx mkb mostrmat cbgms * Mllews leki-tgr` mkb ck-bgptd werf ek tepcas ej cktgrgst * Rmps ckte dcid `etcvmtcek

 

24

CKRG_GQR AGKRG_Q E_ CKRG_GQR I_EWXQ

RCG_GB MQQCIK@GKRQ

Cktgrgst agktgrs (ejtgk usgb wctd yeukigr stubgkts) mkb cktgrgst ireups (ejtgk usgb wctd elbgr stubgkts) typcamlly prevcbg

* @mfg agrtmck tdmt tdg tmsf cs suctmoly ck irgmtgr ae`plgx jer m dcidmoclcty lgmrkgr. * Mllew stubgkts ej lcfg cktgrgsts te werf

* Mllews eppertukcty jer stuby ck irgmtgr  orgmbtd mkb bgptd * Mllews cktrebuatcek ej tepcas ket ck tdg rgiulmr

gkrcad`gkt jer stubgkts wde amk bg`ekstrmtg `mstgry/ae`pgtgkag wctd rgqucrgb werf. Rdgy mrg se`gtc`gs m vgdcalg jer prevcbcki stubgkts wctd `gmkckijul stuby wdgk omsca msscik`gkts mrg ae`plgtgb. Ck m dgtgreigkgeus almss, m tgmadgr usgs vmrcgb lgvgls ej matcvctcgs te gksurg tdmt stubgkts gxplerg cbgms mt m lgvgl tdmt  ouclbs ek tdgcr prcer fkewlgbig mkb  pre`pts aektckugb irewtd. Qtubgkt ireups mrg vmrcgb mppremadgs te gxplermtcek ej

teigtdgr * Ckvelvg tdg icjtgb lgmrkgr ck rgsgmradcki mkb argmtcki cktgrgst agktgrs mkb cktgrgstireup tmsfs * Mllew se`g lmrig  oleafs ej tc`g jer werfcki ek tdg cktgrgst * Admkig agktgrs lgss ejtgk, uscki `erg bgptd ck jgwgr tepcas * Wsg mbvmkagb `mtgrcmls * @mfg agrtmck tdg matcvcty cs ae`plgx *Gksurg tdmt stubgkts `ust trmksjer` cbgms, ket `grgly rgprebuag tdg` *@mfg tdg matcvcty epgk gkbgb

aurrcaulu` * Amk smtcsjy aurcescty-gxplerg dews mkb dews  mkb wmys * Amk mllew stubgkt adecag * Amk brmw ek moclcty te `mfg aekkgatceks  ogtwggk jcglbs mkb tepcas.

gssgktcml cbgms.

©OX@@M_M?8=4

* Mllews gmrly gxplermtcek mkb mpplcamtcek ej  prckacplgs * Gkaeurmigs orembgr rgmbcki tdmk etdgrwcsg * Amk jeaus ek  preolg` selvcki * Amk prevcbg `gmkckijul werf wctd pggrs ej sc`clmr cktgrgst mkb rgmbckgss * Amk bgvglep argmtcvg tmlgkts

 

23

CKQR_WARCEKML MKB @MKMIG@GKR QR_MRGICGQ JE_ BCJJG_GKRCMRCEK (AEKRCKWGB) QR_MRGIS

JLGTCOLG QFCLLQ I_EWXCKI

LGM_KCKI AGKRG_Q

©OX@@M_M?8=4

BGQA_CXRCEK EJ QR_MRGIS

QWIIGQRCEKQ JE_ WQG YCRD ICJRGB LGM_KG_Q

YDS MXX_EX_CMRG JE_ ICJRGB

Qtubgkts mrg `mtadgb te sfclls werf oy vcrtug ej rgmbckgss, ket wctd tdg mssu`ptcek tdmt ml kggb tdg sm`g spgllcki tmsf, ae`putmtcek brcll, wrctcki msscik`gkt, gta. @evg`gkt m`eki ireups cs ae``ek, omsgb ek rgmbckgss ek m icvgk sfcll mkb irewtd ck tdmt sfcll

* Gxg`pt icjtgb lgmrkgrs jre` omsca sfclls werf ck mrgms wdgrg tdgy bg`ekstrmtg m dcid lgvgl ej pgrjer`mkag (=88% cs ket rgqucrgb) *Ydgk sfclls werf cs kggbgb, plmag ct ck m `gmkckijul aektgxt ms ejtgk ms pesscolg * Gksurg tdmt icjtgb lgmrkgrs bgvglep mbvmkagb fkewlgbig mkb sfclls ck tdgcr mrgms tmlgkt

LGM_KG_Q * Mafkewlgbig qucaf `mstgry mkb rgamll ej ckjer`mtcek * Amk prevcbg eppertukcty jer bgvglep`gkt ej mbvmkagb sfclls, ckalubcki sfclls ej  prebuatcek mkb gxprgsscek * Amk “ouy‐ tc`g jer mbvmkagb werf * Amk mllew m admkag jer ckbgpgkbgkt werf mt tdg stubgkt–s ewk  pmag

Lgmrkcki agktgrs amk  og “stmtceks‐ er aellgatceks ej `mtgrcmls lgmrkgrs usg te gxplerg tepcas er  prmatcag sfclls. Jer icjtgb lgmrkgrs,

* Dmvg se`g lgmrkcki tmsfs tdmt rgqucrg trmksjer`mtcek mkb mpplcamtcek * Bek–t dmvg mll stubgkts be mll tmsfs mt mll agktgrs * @ekcter wdmt stubgkts

* Amk brmw ek mbvmkagb tdckfcki sfclls * Amk prevcbg jer aektckueus bgvglep`gkt ej stubgkt sfclls

lgmrkcki agktgrs sdeulb `evg ogyekb aursery gxplermtcek ej tepcas mkb prmatcag ej  omsca sfclls, mkb sdeulb prevcbg stuby ck irgmtgr orgmbtd mkb bgptd ek cktgrgstcki mkb c`pertmkt tepcas.

be mkb lgmrk mt agktgrs * Omlmkag stubgkt mkb tgmadgr adecag moeut agktgrs te og ae`plgtgb

* Amk brmw ek mbvmkagb rgmbcki sfclls * Amk mllew jer stubgkt ckbgpgkbgkag * Amk bgvglep mbvmkagb sfclls wctd rgsgmrad mkb tgadkeleiy.

 

78

DCID-LGZGL ]WGQRCEKQ

@GKRE_QDCX/ MXX_GKRCAGQDCXQ

©OX@@M_M?8=4

Ck almss bcsaussceks mkb ek tgsts, tdg tgmadgr mttg`pts te gksurg tdmt tdg dcidly molg lgmrkgr cs  prgsgktgb wctd

* Mll lgmrkgrs kggb te tdckf mt dcid lgvgls * Ydmt `mfgs m qugstcek dcid lgvgl jer mk mbvmkagb lgmrkgr cs cts ae`ockmtcek ej

* Amk tmp ckte tmlgkt ms m tdckfgr * Amk bgvglep `gtmaeikctcek (mwmrgkgss ej ekg–s tdckfcki)

qugstceks tdmt brmw ek mbvmkagb lgvgl ej ckjer`mtcek, rgqucrg lgmps ej ukbgrstmkbcki, mkb admllgkig tdckfcki

mbvmkagb ckjer`mtcek wctd ae`plgx tdckfcki rgqucrg`gkts * _gqucrg stubgkts te bgjgkb mkswgrs * Wsg epgk-gkbgb qugstceks

Rdg stubgkts werfs wctd m rgseurag tgmadgr, `gbcm spgacmlcst, pmrgkt veluktggr, er ae``ukcty `g`ogr te bgvglep, amrry eut mll er pmrt ej m prengat er tmsf. Rdcs cs mlse usgjul wmy te dglp stubgkts bgvglep sfclls ej prebuatcek ck m jcglb mkb te bgvglep amrggrm mwmrgkgss

* @mtad tdg `gkter wctd tdg adclb–s tmlgkt/cktgr gst gst mrgm * @mfg surg mirgg`gkts aekagrkcki relgs mrg wrcttgk bewk jer `gkter, stubgkts, tgmadgr mkb  pmrgkt * Og spgacjca moeut tdg iemls ej tdg aellmoermtcek * @ekcter tdg preirgss ej tdg `gktersdcp mkb dglp tdg stubgkts mbbrgss skmis cj tdgy eaaur

* Amk `evg tdg stubgkt ogyekb gmsy jmaclcty wctd ilco mkswgrs te bgvglepcki leica mkb cktgircty ck suostmktcmtcki mkswgrs mkb epckceks wctd rgmsek mkb gvcbgkag. * Amk mllew tdg stubgkts te werf ek gxpgrt-lgvgl preolg`s mkb tmsfs * Amk brmw ek argmtcvcty * Amk sgt preolg` selvcki ck m rglgvmkt aektgxt * Amk mllew mbultlgvgl aekvgrsmtcek * Amk cktrebuag tdg adclb te `gmkckijul ymrbstcafs ej  pgrjer`mkag

 

7=

CKQR_WARCEKML MKB @MKMIG@GKR QR_MRGICGQ JE_ BCJJG_GKRCMRCEK (AEKRCKWGB) QR_MRGIS

AEKR_MARQ/ @MKMIG@GKR XLMKQ

©OX@@M_M?8=4

BGQA_CXRCEK EJ QR_MRGIS

Aektrmats tmfg m ku`ogr ej jer`s tdmt  ogick wctd mk mirgg`gkt ogtwggk stubgkt mkb tgmadgr. Rdg tgmadgr irmkts agrtmck jrggbe`s mkb adecags moeut dew m stubgkt wcll ae`plgtg tmsfs, mkb tdg stubgkt mirggs te usg tdg jrggbe`s mppreprcmtgly ck bgscikcki mkb ae`plgtcki werf maaerbcki te spgacjcamtceks

QWIIGQRCEKQ JE_ WQG YCRD ICJRGB LGM_KG_Q

YDS MXX_EX_CMRG JE_ ICJRGB

LGM_KG_Q * Cj tdg stubgkt dms m * Rgmadgs m sgksg ej dcid lgvgl ej omsca sfclls maaeuktmoclcty ck m suongat, be ket `mfg sfclls werf tdg agktgrpcgag ej tdg aektrmat * Ydgk pesscolg, jeaus tdg aektrmat ek aekagpts, tdg`gs, er  preolg`s mkb cktgirmtg tdg sfclls ckte tdg rgqucrgb prengats er  prebuats * Gstmolcsd algmr mkb rciereus stmkbmrbs jer suaagss mt tdg eutsgt.

 

7?

@WLRCXLG CKRGLLCIGKAG ZG_OML LCKIWCQRCA

LEICAML ‑   LEICAML ‑  @MRDG@MRCAQ

OEBCLS ‑   OEBCLS ‑  FCKGQRDGRCA

@WQCAML ‑  @WQCAML  ‑  _DSRD@  _DSRD@

CKRG_XG_QEKML

CKR_MXG_QEKML ZCQWML ‑  ZCQWML  ‑  QXMRCML  QXMRCML

KMRW_MLCQR

QXC_CRWML

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

71

BCJJG_GKRCMRCEK BCJJG_GKRC MRCEK XLMKKCKI IWCBG QWONGAR REXCA QWOREXCA

> …………………………………  …………………………………  > …………………………………  …………………………………  > …………………………………  ………………………………… 

EONGARCZGQ

(BQFX/DQX/AQ) FKEYLGBIG >

QFCLL RSXGQ EJ I_EWXQ

YCRDCK ALMQQ OGRYGGK ALMQQ GK_CAD@GKR I_EWX AEEXG_MRCZG CKRG_GQR ‑  CKRG_GQR  ‑  OMQGB  OMQGB

@GRDEB EJ I_EWX

QGLJ ‑  QGLJ  ‑  QGLGARCEK  QGLGARCEK

MQQCIK@GKR RGMADG_ ‑  RGMADG_  ‑  QGLGARCEK  QGLGARCEK

X_GRGQR RE WQG CK YDMR YMS RDG X_EAGQQ EJ LGM_KCKI CK RDCQ WKCR OG BCJJG_GKRCMRGB BCJJG_GKRCMRGB

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

72

OMDMICMK XGKBCBCFMK @GKGKIMD @M_M 

Glg`gk @grgktms Furcfulu`

A r ess-aur ss-aur r c aulm aulmrr G lg lg` `gkts kts 

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

77

GLG@GK @G_GKRMQC FW_CFWLW@ OCL

G@F

=.

Omdmsm

?.

Fglgstmrcmk Mlm` Qgfctmr

1.

Kclmc @urkc

2.

Qmcks bmk Rgfkeleic

7.

Xmtrcetcs`g

:.

Frgmtcvctc bmk Ckevmsc

XGKG_MKIMK Xgkiiukmmk omdmsm pgkimktmr ymki ogtul pgrlu bctctcfogrmtfmk bmlm` sg`um `mtm pglmnmrmk. Qg`um XbX omic sgtcmp `mtm pglmnmrmk, mspgf sgoutmk, struftur mymt, tmtmomdmsm, cstclmd bmk lmrms  omdmsm pgrlu bcogrc pgkgfmkmk omic `g`omktu `urcb `gkyusuk cbgm bmk ogrfe`ukcfmsc sgamrm  ogrfgsmk. Fgsgbmrmk `gkacktmc bmk `gkymymkic mlm` sgfctmr bmlm` ncwm `urcb pgrlu bcpupuf `glmluc XbX sg`um `mtm pglmnmrmk. Xgkigtmdumk bmk fgsgbmrmk tgrdmbmp fgpgktckimk mlm` sgfctmr bmpmt `g`ogktuf gtcfm `urcb uktuf `gkidmrimc mlm` sgfctmr.  Kclmc `urkc bcogrc pgkgfmkmk bmlm` sg`um `mtm  pglmnmrmk supmym `urcb sgbmr mfmk fgpgktckimk bmk `gkim`mlfmkkym.  Kclmc `urkc `grmkifu`c mspgf fgredmkcmk,

fg`mkuscmmk bmk fgwmrimkgimrmmk ymki `gknmbc m`mlmk bmlm` fgdcbupmk dmrcmk. @gkm`omdfmk `ckmt tgrdmbmp smcks bmk tgfkeleic bmpmt `gkckifmtfmk lctgrmsc smcks sgrtm tgfkeleic bmlm` fmlmkimk `urcb. Xgkiiukmmk tgfkeleic bmlm` pgkimnmrmk bmpmt `g`omktu sgrtm `gkyu`omki fgpmbm  pg`oglmnmrmk ymki lgocd agfmp bmk ogrfgsmk. Xgkicktgirmscmk smcks bmk tgfkeleic bmlm` XbX `grmkifu`c g`pmt pgrfmrm cmctu > c)Xgkigtmdumk smcks bmk tgfkeleic (jmftm, prckscp, feksgp ymki ogrfmctmk bgkimk smcks bmk tgfkeleic) cc)Fg`mdcrmk smcktcjcf (presgs pg`cfcrmk bmk fg`mdcrmk `mkcpulmtcj tgrtgktu) ccc)Qcfmp smcktcjcf (sgpgrtc fgtgpmtmk, fgnunurmk, fgsglm`mtmk) bmk cv)Xgkiiukmmk tgfkeleic bmlm` mftcvctc XbX Qg`mkimt pmtrcetcf bmpmt bcpupuf `glmluc sg`um `mtm pglmnmrmk, mftcvctc fefurcfulu` bmk fdcb`mt `msymrmfmt. Qg`mkimt pmtrcetcf bmpmt `glmdcrfmk `urcb ymki `g`pukymc sg`mkimt acktm mfmk kgimrm bmk  ogromkiim sgomimc rmfymt @mlmyscm. Frgmtcvctc mbmlmd fgoelgdmk `gkiiukmfmk c`mickmsc uktuf `gkiu`pul, `gkagrkm bmk `gknmkm cbgm mtmu `gkacptm sgsumtu ymki omdmru mtmu mslc `glmluc cldm` mtmu imoukimk cbgm ymki mbm.

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

7:

Ckevmsc `grupmfmk pgkimplcfmscmk frgmtcvctc `glmluc uomd sumcmk, `g`omcfc bmk `g`prmftcffmk cbgm. Frgmtcvctc bmk ckevmsc smlcki ogrimkbckimk bmk  pgrlu uktuf `g`mstcfmk pg`omkiukmk `ebml cksmk ymki `m`pu `gkidmbmpc amomrmk momb fg-

9.

Fgusmdmwmkmk

4.

Rgfkeleic @mflu`mt bmk Fe`ukcfmsc

3.

Fglgstmrcmk Ileoml

©OX@@M_M?8=4

?=. Glg`gk frgmtcvctc bmk ckevmsc pgrlu bccktgirmscfmk bmlm XbX. Xgkgrmpmk glg`gk fgusmdmwmkmk ogrtunumk `g`ogktuf acrc-acrc bmk m`mlmk fgusmdmwmkmk sgdckiim `gknmbc smtu oubmym bmlm` fmlmkimk  pglmnmr. Acrc fgusmdmwmkmk oelgd bctgrmpfmk bmlm` XbX `glmluc mftcvctc ymki `m`pu `g`upuf scfmp sgpgrtc rmnck, nunur, m`mkmd bmk ogrtmkiiukinmwmo sgrtm `g`omkiukfmk `ckbm frgmtcj bmk ckevmtcj uktuf `g`mau cbgm fg pmsmrmk. Xgkgrmpmk glg`gk Rgfkeleic @mflu`mt bmk Fe`ukcfmsc (R@F) bmlm` XbX `g`mstcfmk  pglmnmr bmpmt `gkimplcfmscfmk bmk `gkiufudfmk  pgkigtmdumk bmk fg`mdcrmk msms R@F ymki bcpglmnmrc. Xgkimplcfmscmk R@F oufmk smdmnm `gkbereki  pglmnmr `gknmbc frgmtcj `mlmd `gknmbcfmk XbX lgocd `gkmrcf bmk `gkygrekeffmk sgrtm `gkckifmtfmk fumlctc pg`oglmnmrmk. R@F bccktgirmscfmk `gkicfut fgsgsumcmk tepcf ymki dgkbmf bcmnmr bmk sgomimc pgkiupmym omic `gkckifmtfmk lmic fgjmdm`mk `urcb tgrdmbmp fmkbukimk `mtm pglmnmrmk. Glg`gk Fglgstmrcmk Ileoml ogr`mtlm`mt `glmdcrfmk `urcb ogrbmym jcfcr lgstmrc ymki  ogrscfmp rgspekscvg tgrdmbmp pgrsgfctmrmk bmlm` fgdcbupmk dmrcmk bgkimk `gkimplcfmsc  pgkigtmdumk, fg`mdcrmk fg` mdcrmk bmk kclmc ymki bcpgrelgd `glmluc glg`gk Xgkiiukmmk bmk Xgkiglumrmk Lgstmrc, Fgwmrimkgimrmmk Ileoml bmk Xgrpmbumk. Glg`gk Fglgstmrcmk Ileoml pgktcki bmlm` `gkygbcmfmk pglmnmr omic `gkidmbmpc amomrmk bmk csu sg`msm bc pgrckifmt tg`pmtmk, kgimrm bmk ileoml. Glg`gk ckc bcmnmr sgamrm lmkisuki bmk sgamrm scscpmk bmlm` `mtm pglmnmrmk ymki ogrfmctmk.

 

79

=8.

Xgkbcbcfmk Fgwmkimk

Xgkgrmpmk glg`gk Xgkbcbcfmk Fgwmkimk  ogrtunumk `g`ogktuf `g`ogktuf igkgrmsc igkgrmsc `msm dmbmpmk ymki ymki  ogrfgupmymmk `g`oumt fgputusmk fgwmkimk ymki  ocnmf, `gkim`mlfmk pgkiurusmk fgwmkimk ymki  ogrgtcfm sgrtm ogrfg`mdcrmk `gkiurusfmk dml gdwml fgwmkimk sgamrm ogrtmkiiukinmwmo. Glg`gk Xgkbcbcfmk Fgwmkimk oelgd bctgrmpfmk bmlm` XbX sgamrm lmkisuki mtmupuk sgamrm scscpmk. Xgkgrmpmk sgamrm lmkisuki mbmlmd `glmluc tmnuftmnuf sgpgrtc Ymki ymki `gkimkbukic glg`gk fgwmkimk sgamrm gfsplcsct sgpgrtc pgkicrmmk jmgbmd `ubmd bmk jmgbmd fe`pmuk. Xgkgrmpmk sgamrm scscpmk pulm bccktgirmscfmk `glmluc tmnuf-tmnuf lmck `grgktms furcfulu`. Xgkbgbmdmk fgpmbm  pgkiurusmk fgwmkimk bmlm` fgdcbupmk sgogkmr mbmlmd pgktcki omic `gkygbcmfmk `urcb bgkimk  pgkigtmdumk, fg`mdcrmk bmk kclmc ymki bmpmt bcmplcfmscfmk sgamrm ogrfgsmk bmk ogr`mfkm.

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

74

GLG@GKR MA_EQQ RDG AW__CAWLW@ (G@F) KE

G@F

=.

Lmkiumig

?.

Gkvcrek`gktml Qustmckmoclcty Mwmrgkgss

1.

Keolg Zmlugs

2.

Qacgkag mkb Rgadkeleiy

7.

Xmtrcetcs`

©OX@@M_M?8=4

GTXLMKMRCEK Rdg maaurmay ej tdg lmkiumig ck ckstruatcek sdeulb  og m prcercty ck mll suongats. Burcki tdg tgmadcki mkb lgmrkcki ej gmad suongat, g`pdmscs cs icvgk ek tdg mspgats ej prekeukacmtcek, sgktgkag struaturg, irm``mr mkb tgr`ckeleiy ej tdg lmkiumig ck erbgr te msscst pupcls erimkczg cbgms ms wgll ms ae``ukcamtg gjjgatcvgly. Bgvglepcki mwmrgkgss tewmrbs tdg levg ej tdg gkvcrek`gkt ck tdg stubgkts– lcvgs kggbs te og kurturgb tdreuid tdg tgmadcki mkb lgmrkcki ck mll suongats. Fkewlgbig mkb mwmrgkgss ek tdg c`pertmkag ej tdg gkvcrek`gkt weulb weulb dglp te sdmpg stubgkts– gtdcas ck mpprgacmtcki kmturg.  Keolg vmlugs kggb te og g`pdmsczgb ck mll suongats te gksurg tdmt stubgkts wcll og mwmrg ej tdg c`pertmkag ej tdgsg ieeb prckacplgs mkb tdgrgjerg

wcll prmatcag tdgsg glg`gkts ck tdgcr lcvgs.  Keolg vmlugs gkae`pmss tdg mspgats ej spcrctumlly, du`mkcty mkb actczgksdcp wcll og tdg agktrg aerg ej tdg stubgkts– bmcly lcjg.  lcjg.   Rdg ckargmsg ej cktgrgst ck tdg sacgkag mkb tgadkeleiy wcll dglp te c`prevg sacgktcjca mkb tgadkeleicaml lctgrmay m`ekist stubgkts. Rdg usg ej tgadkeleiy ck tgmadcki amk dglp mob aektrcoutg te gjjcacgkt mkb gjjgatcvg lgmrkcki. Rdg cktgirmtcek ej sacgkag mkb tgadkeleiy ck tdg tgmadcki mkb lgmrkcki preagss aevgrs jeur mrgms, km`gly > c)Rdg fkewlgbig ej sacgkag mkb tgadkeleiy (jmats,  prckacplgs, aekagpts rglmtgb te sacgkag mkb tgadkeleiy) cc)Qacgktcjca sfclls (preagss ej tdeuidt mkb sacgktcjca `mkcpulmtcvg sfclls) ccc)Qacgktcjca mttctubgs ( suad ms maaurmay, dekgsty, sgaurcty) 6 mkb tdg usg ej tgadkeleiy ck almssree`s cv)Rdg usg ej tgadkeleiy ck tgmadcki mkb lgmrkcki matcvctcgs Xmtrcetcs` amk og kurturgb tdreuid mll suongats, gxtrm-aurrcaulmr matcvctcgs mkb ae``ukcty sgrvcags. Xmtrcetcs` bgvgleps tdg spcrct ej levg jer tdg aeuktry ms wgll ms gkaeurmigs tdg jgglckis ej —truly preub te  og @mlmyscmks– m`ekist stubgkts.  stubgkts. 

 

73

:.

Argmtcvcty mkb Ckkevmtcek

9.

Gktgrprgkgursdcp

4.

Ckjer`mtcek mkb Ae``ukcamtcek Rgadkeleiy Qfclls (CAR)

3.

Ileoml Qustmckmoclcty

=8.

Jckmkacml Gbuamtcek

©OX@@M_M?8=4

Argmtcvcty cs tdg moclcty te usg c`mickmtcek ck imtdgrcki, gxtrmatcki mkb igkgrmtcki cbgms er argmtcki kgw er ercickml cbgms er tdreuid ae`ockmtcek cbgms. Ckkevmtcek cs tdg mpplcamtcek ej argmtcvcty argmtcvct y tdreuid tdg `ebcjcamtcek mkb prmatcag ej cbgms. Argmtcvcty mkb ckkevmtcek mrg mlwmys cktgraekkgatgb. Rdgrgjerg, tdgrg cs m kggb te gksurg tdmt du`mk ampctml bgvglep`gkt cs molg te `ggt admllgkigs ej tdg ?=st Agktury. Glg`gkts ej argmtcvcty mkb ckkevmtcek sdeulb og cktgirmtgb ck tdg tgmadcki mkb lgmrkcki ck tdg almssree`. Rdg ckaerpermtcek ej gktrgprgkgursdcp glg`gkts mc`s mt bgvglepcki spgacjca mttrcoutgs mkb gktrgprgkgurcml `ckb-sgt tdmt wcll ogae`g m aulturg m`ekist stubgkts. Gktgrprgkgurcml mttrcoutgs amk og ckirmckgb burcki lgsseks tdreuid jestgrcki mttctubg suad ms bclcigkag, dekgsty, trustwertdckgss mkb rgspekscoclcty ms wgll ms bgvglepcki argmtcvg mkb ckkevmtcvg `ckb-sgt te brcvg brc vg cbgms ckte tdg `mrfgt gaeke`y. Ckjer`mtcek mkb ae``ukcamtcek tgadkeleiy glg`gkts mrg ckaerpermtgb ck tdg lgsseks te gksurg stubgkts mrg molg te mpply mkb strgkitdgk tdgcr omsca fkewlgbig mkb sfclls ck CAR. Rdg mpplcamtcek ej CAR ck tdg lgssek begs ket ekly `etcvmtg stubgkts te og argmtcvg out stc`ulmtgs cktgrgstcki mkb juk tgmadcki mkb lgmrkcki ms wgll ms c`prevg tdg qumlcty ej lgmrkcki. CAR sdeulb og cktgirmtgb ck tdg lgsseks omsgb ek mppreprcmtg tepcas te og tmuidt te jutdgr gkdmkag stubgkts– ukbgrstmkbcki ej tdg aektgkt suongat.  suongat.  Rdg glg`gkt ej Ileoml Qustmckmomlcty mc`s te  prebuag stubgkts wctd sustmckmolg tdckfcki, rgspekscvg tewmrbs tdg surreukbcki gkvcrek`gkt ck bmcly lcjg oy mpplycki fkewlgbig, sfclls mkb vmlugs tdreuid sustmckmolg Aeksu`ptcek mkb Xrebuat Xrebuatcek cek glg`gkt, ileoml actczgksdcp mkb ukcty. Rdg glg`gkt ej Ileoml Qustmckmoclcty cs aruacml ck  prgpmrcki stubgkts te jmag admllgkigs mkb aurrgkt cssugs mt leaml, kmtcekml mkb ileoml lgvgl. Rdcs glg`gkt cs tmuidt bcrgatly er ckbcrgatly ck rglmtgb suongats.

Ckaerpermtcek ej Jckmkacml Gbuamtcek glg`gkt mc`s te prebuag juturg igkgrmtceks ampmolg ej `mfcki wcsg jckmkacml bgacsceks, prmatcag gtdcaml jckmkacml

 

:8

`mkmig`gkt mkb sfclls ck `mkmicki jckmkacml mjjmcrs ck m rgspekscolg `mkkgr. Jckmkacml Gbuamtcek glg`gkt amk og ckaerpermtgb bcrgatly er ckbcrgatly ckte R&L. Bcrgat ckaerpermtcek ej tdcs glg`gkt cs tdreuid tepcas suad ms amlaulmtceks ej sc`plg cktgrgst mkb ae`peukb cktgrgst. Ckbcrgat ckjuscek ej tdcs glg`gkt og cktgirmtgb tdreuid etdgr tepcas maress tdg amk aurrcaulu`. Gxpesurg te jckmkacml `mkmig`gkt ck rgml lcjg cs c`pertmkt te  prgpmrg stubgkts wctd fkewlgbig, sfclls mkb vmlugs wdcad amk og mpplcgb gjjgatcvgly mkb `gmkckijully.

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

:=

OMDMICMK XGKBCBCFMK @GKGKIMD @M_M 

Kclmc/QCFMX Zmlugs 

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

:?

KCLMC / QCFMX

KCLMC BMLM@ QWONGF OMDMQM @GLMSW OCL

=. ?. 1. 2. 7. :. 9. 4. 3.

KCLMC

Omcf dmtc Ogrbcfmrc Dg`md tckiic Der`mt-`gkider`mtc Fmscd smymki Fgmbclmk Fgogomsmk Fgogrmkcmk Fgogrscdmk jczcfml bmk `gktml

=8. ==. =?. =1. =2. =7. =:. =9.

Fgnunurmk Fgrmnckmk Fgrnmsm`m Fgsgbgrdmkmmk Fgsyufurmk Xmtrcetcs`g _mscekml Qg`mkimt ogr`msymrmfmt

KCLMC BMLM@ QWONGF OMDMQM CKIIG_CQ KE. =. ?. 1. 2. 7. :. 9.

Fckb Ckbgpgkbgkt Xelctg _gspgat Amrcki Jmcr Aeurmig

©OX@@M_M?8=4

ZMLWG 4. Dekgsty 3. Bclcigkt =8. Aeepgrmtcek ==. Ogcki Kgcidoeurly =?. Irmtgjul =1. Xmtrcetca =2. _mtcekml

 

:1

QACGKRCJCA MRRCRWBGQ MKB KEOLG ZMLWGQ KE ZMLWGQ =. Cktgrgst mkb aurcescty tewmrbs tdg gkvcrek`gkt

?.

1.

2.

7.

:.

9.

GTXLMKMRCEK Ckqucrcki jre` tgmadgrs, jrcgkbs mkb etdgrs. Qglj rgmbcki. Aellgats `mtgrcmls er spgac`gks jer rgsgmrad. Be tdgcr ewk rgsgmrad. Dekgst mkb maaurmtg ck Bgsarcog mkb rgaerb wdmt dmvg oggk eosgrvgb. rgaerbcki mkb vmlcbmtcki Bmtm tdmt rgaerbgb cs ket mjjgatgb oy g`etcek er bmtm c`mickmtcek. Gxplmck eosgrvmtceks rmtcekmlly. @mfg beau`gktmtcek ej ckjer`mtcek rgseurags usgb. Jlgxcolg mkb epgk-`ckbgb Maagpt etdgrs epckcek. @mkmig te admkig ekg stmkb omsgb ek aekvckagb preej.  Ket prgnubcag. Bclcigkt mkb pgrsgvgrg Be ket icvg up. wdgk amrrycki eut m tmsf _gmby te rgpgmt tdg gxpgrc`gkt. Bgtgr`ckg burcki amrry eut m tmsf. _gmby te maagpt arctcas mkb admllgkigs. Rry te evgrae`g preolg`s mkb admllgkigs. Qystg`mtca, aekjcbgkt mkb Amrry eut matcvcty ck m systg`mtca mkb erbgrly mkb mocbg te gtdca suctmolg tc`g. Mrrmkig mppmrmtus mkb `mtgrcmls ck erbgr. Aekjcbgkt wctd tdg tmsf icvgk. Bmrg te try. Bmrg te bgjgkb wdmt cs ogcki bekg. Aeepgrmtcvg Msscst tgmadgrs mkb jrcgkbs. Yerf teigtdgr ck amrrycki eut matcvctcgs mkb gxpgrc`gkts. Qgljlgss Jmcr mkb nust. Ogcki rgspekscolg moeut tdg Xgrsekml smjgty pmrtkgrs. smjgty ej ekgsglj, etdgrs mkb Xrgsgrvg mkb aeksgrvg tdg gkvcrek`gkt. tdg gkvcrek`gkt

4.

Zcrtueus

3.

Mpprgacmtcki tdg aektrcoutcek ej sacgkag mkb tgadkeleiy Mpprgacmtg Ieb–s icjts  icjts 

=8.

==. =?.

Mpprgacmtg mkb prmatcag algmk mkb dgmltdy lcvcki _gmlcscki tdmt sacgkag cs m `gmks te ukbgrstmkb kmturg

Levg mll lcjg. Xecsg mkb rgspgat. Wsg sacgkag mkb tgadkeleiy ckvgktcek wctd ieeb `mkkgrs. Wsg puolca jmaclctcgs ckvgktgb tdreuid sacgkag mkb tgadkeleiy rgspekscoly. Aektgkt wctd wdmt cs icvgk oy Ieb. Wsg Ieb–s icjts wcsgly. wcsgly. Rdmkfjul te Ieb. Amrg jer yeur dyicgkg mkb dgmltd. Og sgksctcvg te pgrsekml dyicgkg mkb gkvcrek`gkt. Qtmtcki dew sacgkag cs usg te selvg preolg`s. Qtmtcki tdg c`plcamtceks ej uscki sacgkag te selvg m preolg` er cssug. Ae``ukcamtg tdreuid aerrgat sacgktcjca lmkiumig.

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

:2

KCLMC BMLM@ XGKBCBCFMK @MRG@MRCF OCL =.

?.

KCLMC Kclmc @mtg`mtcf

Kclmc sgnmimt

@MFQWB Xgkgfmkmk fgpmbm scjmt-scjmt bmlm` pgkigtmdumk @mtg`mtcf. Fgpgramymmk fgpmbm fgfumsmmk bmk fgogsmrmk tudmk.

Wksur sgnmrmd bmk pmtrcetcs`. KCLMC BMLM@ XGKBCBCFMK @E_ML OCL KCLMC =. Fgpgramymmk fgpmbm tudmk

?.

Omcf Dmtc

1.

Ogrtmkiiukinmwmo

2.

Ogrtgrc`m fmscd

7. :.

Dg`md Rckiic Der`mt

9. 4. 3.

Fmscd Qmymki Fgogrmkcmk Fgnunurmk

=8.

Fgrmnckmk

==. =?.

Fgrnmsm`m Fgsgbgrdmkmmk

=1.

Relgrmksc

=2.

Ogrbcfmrc

=7. =:.

Dmrim Bcrc Fgogomsmk

=9. =4.

Xmtrcetcs`g _mscekml

©OX@@M_M?8=4

@MFQWB Fgymfckmk wunubkym Rudmk sgomimc pgkacptm mlm` bmk `g`mtudc sgimlm mnmrmk ogrlmkbmsfmk pgimkimk mim`m mtmu fgpgramymmk `mscki-`mscki sglmrms bgkimk prckscp _ufuk Kgimrm. Fgpgfmmk tgrdmbmp fgpgrlumk bmk fgomncfmk bcrc, bmk ermki lmck bgkimk `g`ogrc omktumk sgrtm sefekimk `erml sgamrm cfdlms. Fgsmkiiupmk bcrc sgsgermki uktuf `g`cful bmk `glmfsmkmfmk tuims sgrtm fgwmncpmk bgkimk sg`purkm. Xgrmsmmk bmk pgrlmfumk uktuf `gkuknuffmk pgkicftcrmjmk bmk  pgkidmrimmk. Ogrmbmo sepmk bmk ogroubc pgfgrtc `ulcm. @gkidmrimc bmk `g`ulcmfmk srgsgermki sgrtm `gkider`mtc  pgrmturmk ckstctusc sescml. Fgpgfmmk bmk pgrmsmmk acktm ymki lmdcr bmrcpmbm dmtc ymki cfdlms. Fgsmkiiupmk uktuf `gkidmbmpc amomrmk bgkimk ymfck bmk tmomd. Ogramfmp ogkmr, ogrscfmp m`mkmd bmk cfdlms bmlm` sgtcmp  pgrlmfumk. Wsmdm ymki ogrtgrusmk, ogrsukiiud-sukiiud bmk ogrbgbcfmsc bmlm` `glmfufmk sgsumtu. @glmfufmk sgsumtu ogrsm`m-sm`m uktuf fgomcfmk sg`um. Ogrscfmp tcbmf fgtgrlmlumk bmlm` `g`oumt pgrtc`omkimk mtmu

 pgrlmfumk tmkpm `gkimomcfmk fgpgktckimk fgpgktckimk bcrc bmk ermki lmck. Ogrtelmf mksur, smomr bmk `gkimwml bcrc bg`c fgsgnmdtgrmmk dcbup bcrc bmk ermki lmck. Fgoelgdmk bmk fgsmkiiupmk `glmfufmk sgsumtu tmkpm ogrimktuki fgpmbm ermki lmck. Ogrupmym `gknmim `mrumd bcrc. Ogoms `glmfufmk sgsumtu tgrtmfluf fgpmbm pgrmturmk bmk ukbmkiukbmki. Omkiim bmk tmmt sgtcm fgpmbm rmnm bmk kgimrm. Oelgd ogrjcfcr ogrbmsmrfmk mlmsmk mtmu ouftc ymki kymtm bmk bmpmt `gkim`ocl tckbmfmk ymki wmnmr.

 

:7

KCLMC BMLM@ QWONGF QGNM_MD OCL =.

KCLMC @gkbufuki Xrckscp bmk  Kclmc Bg`efrmsc

?.

@g`pukymc Fgtgrcfmtmk G`esc fgpmbm Kgimrm

1.

@g`pukymc Xgrmsmmk Fgfctmmk

2.

@gkiufudfmk Qg`mkimt Xmtrcetcf

7.

@g`pukymc Nmtc Bcrc

©OX@@M_M?8=4

@MFQWB @gktmmtc rmnm bmk pg`c`pck kgimrm. @g`mtudc ukbmki-ukbmki bmk pgrmturmk. @gkymknuki aermf pg`grcktmdmk bmk prckscp bg`efrmsc.

@g`pgrtmdmk bmk `gknuknuki pgrlg`omimmk kgimrm. Ogrtckbmf wmnmr. Ogrscjmt m`mkmd bmk nunur. Ogrlmfu mbcl bmk ogrtc`omki rmsm. Ogromkiim bgkimk sgnmrmd kgimrm. Ogromkiim bgkimk trmbcsc bmk oubmym omkism. Ogrsyufur sgomimc wmrimkgimrm @mlmyscm. @gkidmrimc nmsm bmk pgrnumkimk tefed-tefed kgimrm. Der`mt `gkider`mtc. Ogrtelgrmksc Ogrsmtu pmbu bmk ogrdmr`ekc. Ogrsgjmdm`mk bmk ogr`umjmfmt. Ogfgrnmsm`m telekiogr`msymrmfmt. `gkeleki. @udcomd bmk bmk sg`mkimt Ogrimkbcki omdu `g`omkiukfmk kgimrm. Fgsgbmrmk `g`glcdmrm mlm` sgfctmr. Der`mt lm`omki-lm`omki kgimrm. Ogrtmkiiukinmwmo fgpmbm omkism bmk kgimrm. Ogrmkc `g`pgrtmdmk fgbmulmtmk omkism bmk kgimrm. Ogrferomk uktuf kgimrm. Fgpgramymmk bmk fgpmtudmk fgpmbm Rudmk. Ogrcl`u bmk ogrfgtrm`pclmk. Ogrmfdlmf bmk ogroubc pgfgrtc `ulcm. _mnck bmk icicd. Fgtgrlcomtmk bcrc bmlm` pg`omkiukmk kgimrm. Rmomd `gkidmbmpc amomrmk. Ogrbcfmrc @gkidmrimc `msm. Frgmtcj bmk ckevmtcj.

 

::

KCLMC BMLM@ QWONGF IGEI_MJC OCL =. ?. 1.

2. 7.

KCLMC M`mkmd Ogrtmkiiukinmwmo Ogrsyufur

_msm omkiim Xmtrcetcs`g

KCLMC BMLM@ QWONGF XGKBCBCFMK CQLM@, OMDMQM M_MO, XGKBCBCFMK QGKC ZCQWML, _GFM OGKRWF RGFKELEIC OCL =. ?. 1. 2. 7.

:. 9. 4. 3.

Omcf dmtc Ogrbcfmrc Dg`md tckiic Der`mt-`gkider`mtc Fmscd smymki Fgmbclmk Fgogomsmk Fgogrmkcmk Fgogrscdmk jczcfml bmk `gktml

KCLMC =8. ==. =?. =1. =2.

Fgnunurmk Fgrmnckmk Fgrnmsm`m Fgsgbgrdmkmmk Fgsyufurmk

=7. =:. =9.

Xmtrcetcs`g _mscekml Qg`mkimt ogr`msymrmfmt

KCLMC, GRCFM BMK CKRGI_CRC BMLM@ QWONGF MQMQ QMCKQ FE@XWRG_ OCL =. Kclmc

MQXGF

DW_MCMK

Nunur M`mkmd Ogrtmkiiukinmwmo Ogfgrnmsm`m Agfmp Ocnmfsmkm @glmdcrfmk scfmp mfmuktmoclctc. Ogrfgpgrcombcmk tckiic. Nmtc bcrc

?. 1.

Gtcfm Cktgirctc

2. 7. :. 9. 4.

Icicd bmlm` `glmfsmkmfmk tuimsmk. Ogrfgupmymmk uktuf `gkmkimkc `msmlmd tgroufm. Ogrtelgrmksc bmlm` `gkgrc`m frctcfmk. Ogrfgupmymmk uktuf ogrfe`ukcfmsc bmk ogfgrnm bgkimk ermki lmck. @gkiiukmfmk tgfkeleic sgamrm ogrdg`md bmk ogrtmkiiukinmwmo.

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

:9

KCLMC BMLM@ QWONGF XGKBCBCFMK NMQ@MKC & XGKBCBCFMK FGQCDMRMK OCL =.

KCLMC

Omcf Dmtc

?.

Ogrtmkiiukinmwmo

1.

Ogrtgrc`m fmscd

2. 7.

Dg`md Rckiic @grgkbmd bcrc

:.

Der`mt

9.

Fgogrmkcmk

4.

Fgrmnckmk

3.

Fgrnmsm`m

=8.

Fgsgbgrdmkmmk

==.

Relgrmksc/ogrtelmf mksur/  ogrtc`omki rmsm

=?.

Ogrbcfmrc

=1.

Ogractm-actm tckiic/ogrwmwmsmk Xgrm`md/`gsrm

=2. =7. =:.

Rgfuk/ogrsukiiud-sukiiud Rgfuk/ogrsukiiud-sukiiud @gkimnm fgsglm`mtmk bcrc/ogrdmtc-dmtc/ogrwmspmbm

@MFQWB Fgpgfmmk tgrdmbmp fgpgrlumk bmk fg`m`pumk bcrc, bmk ermki lmck bgkimk `g`ogrc sefekimk `erml sgamrm cfdlms.

Fgsmkiiupmk bcrc sgsgermki uktuf `g`cful bmk `glmfsmkmfmk tuims sgrtm fgwmncpmk bgkimk sg`purkm. Xgrmsmmk bmk pgrlmfumk uktuf `gkuknuffmk pgkicftcrmjmk bmk pgkidmrimmk. Ogrmbmo sepmk bmk ogroubc pgfgrtc `ulcm. Rcbmf `gkuknuf-kuknuf @gkigtmduc tmrmj / fgbubufmk bcrc mpmoclm ogrocamrm bmk  ogrtckbmf. @gkidmrimc bmk `g`ulcmfmk srgsgermki sgrtm `gkider`mtc pgrmturmk ckstctusc sescml. Rcbmf `gkidckm ermki lmck. @gkbgkimr mrmdmk fgtum. @g`mdm`c dmf bmk fgpgrlumk ermki lmck. Fgsmkiiupmk uktuf `gkidmbmpc amomrmk bgkimk ymfck bmk tmomd. @glmfufmk sgsumtu bc lumr fg`m`pumk. Wsmdm ymki ogrtgrusmk, ogrsukiiud-sukiiud bmk  ogrbgbcfmsc bmlm` `glmfufmk sgsumtu fg`mddcrmk. @glmfufmk sgsumtu ogrsm`m-sm`m uktuf fgomcfmk sg`um. @glmfufmk sgsumtu bgkimk tunumk bmk `mtlm`mtymki `mtl m`mtymki sm`m. Ogrscfmp tcbmf fgtgrlmlumk bmlm` `g`oumt pgrtc`omkimk mtmu pgrlmfumk tmkpm `gkimomcfmk fgpgktckimk bcrc bmk ermki lmck. Ogrtelmf mksur, smomr bmk `gkimwml bcrc bg`c fgsgnmdtgrmmk dcbup bcrc bmk ermki lmck. Rcbmf `gkyusmdfmk ermki lmck. Rcbmf `gkim`ocl fgsg`pmtmk mtms fgsusmdmk ermki lmck. Fgoelgdmk bmk fgsmkiiupmk `glmfufmk sgsumtu tmkpm  ogrimktuki fgpmbm ermki lmck. @g`pukymc mzm` uktuf `g`mnufmk bcrc. Mbm fgckickmk uktuf ogrnmym. @ubmd ogrocamrm bgkimk ermki lmck Rcbmf se`oeki. @glmfufmk sgsumtu sgdckiim sglgsmc/ogrnmym. @gkiglmffmk bcrc bmrcpmbm bctc`pm fg`mlmkimk / fgaglmfmmk. @g`mtudc pgrmturmk.

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

:4

=9.

Xg`mmj

=4.

Smfck/tgiud pgkbcrcmk

=3.

Rgims

?8.

Xrcdmtck

?=.

@gkidmrimc

??. ?1.

_mscekml Ogrbcscplck

?2.

Ogroubc pgfgrtc

©OX@@M_M?8=4

Qgbcm `gkgrc`m fgsmlmdmk ermki lmck. Rcbmf `gkidufu` mtms fgsclmpmk ymki tcbmf bcsgkimnmfmk. @glmfufmk sgsumtu tmkpm wms-wms mtmu aurcim.  Kgfmb mpmoclm ogrtckbmf. Rcbmf ogruomd pgkbcrcmk. Ogrmkc `gkidufu` fgsmlmdmk. Ogrmsm fmscdmk mpmoclm `glcdmt sgsermki ymki bmlm` fgsusmdmk. Qgigrm `g`omktu mpmoclm bcpgrlufmk. @gknmim mlm` sgfctmr mimr tcbmf tgrag`mr. @gkiuampfmk tgrc`m fmscd mpmoclm `gkgrc`m sgsumtu. @glmfufmk sgsumtu uktuf. @gkicsc `msm lmpmki. @gkiuampfmk tgrc`m fmscd mpmoclm `gkgrc`m pgrtelekimk. Rcbmf ogr`usud bgkimk rmfmk/ `g`ouruf-ouruffmk rmfmk/ ogrlmfu omcf bgkimk rmfmk. @g`ogrscdfmk bcrc/ `g`ogrscdfmk fmwmsmk pgrsgfctmrmk. @glmfufmk mftcvctc fgagrimsmk mtmu sgkm`mk/ Rcbmf `gkidcsmp refef, bmbmd mtmu `cku`mrmf/ @gkim`mlfmk pg`mfmkmk ymki ogrfdmscmt Rmdu fgsmk ouruf bmk omcf mpmoclm `glmfufmk sgsumtu. Xmtud fgpmbm pgrmturmk. @gkicfut nmbuml bmk `msm ymki bctgtmpfmk. @glmfufmk nmsm mtmu fgomcfmk. @g`ogrc su`omkimk bmk pgrtelekimk.

 

:3

OMDMICMK XGKBCBCFMK @GKGKIMD @M_M 

Qtrmtgic

 Qtrr mtgiy    Qt

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

98

QR_MRGIC OCL

=.

QR_MRGIC

Fektgfstuml/ Aektgxtuml

?.

Fekstruftcvcs`g/ Aekstruatcvcs`g

1.

Ckfucrc & Xgkg`umk/Ckqucry Bcsaevgry

XGKG_MKIMK *Fmgbmd pg`oglmnmrmk ymki `gkimctfmk csc  pglmnmrmk bgkimk pgkimlm`mk dmrcmk ckbcvcbu, `msymrmfmt bmk pgrsgfctmrmk. *Xg`oglmnmrmk ogrlmfu mpmoclm pglmnmr ogrupmym

`gkiduoukifmctfmk pgkigtmdumk omdmru sgamrm  ogr`mfkm bmk `gkidmymtc fgrglgvmkmk  pg`oglmnmrmk bmlm` fgdcbupmk `grgfm. *Fmgbmd ckc `gkygbcmfmk pg`oglmnmrmk sgamrm fekfrct ymki `glcomtfmk mftcvctc dmkbs ek  ek  bmk `ckbs-ek.. `ckbs-ek *Bmpmt `glmdcrfmk pglmnmr ymki ogrfgupmymmk uktuf `g`ockm pg`mdm`mk bmk pgkigtmdumk  omdmru `grgfm sgkbcrc ogrbmsmrfmk pgkimlm`mk sgbcm mbm. *Xglmnmr pgrlu `gkiduoukifmctfmk pgkimlm`mkkym bgkimk `mflu`mt omdmru bmlm` presgs  pg`oglmnmrmkkym. *Xg`oglmnmrmk ckc `gknmbcfmk pglmnmr lgocd frgmtcj, ckevmtcj, jmdm`, ymfck bmk sgrekef oglmnmr sgpmknmki dmymt. *@urcb ogrpglumki ogfgrnmsm`m, ogrfekisc cbgm bmk pgkimlm`mk sgrtm `g`oumt rgjlgfsc. *@grupmfmk pgkbgfmtmk XbX ymki ogrpusmtfmk  pglmnmr sgamrm `gkyglurud bmk mftcj uktuf `g`mdm`c sgsumtu feksgp pgkyglgsmcmk `msmlmd ymki ogrfgsmk bgkimk `gkifmnc `msmlmd bmrc  pglomimc subut `glmluc tgfkcf pgkyemlmk, scmsmtmk,  pgrmkamkimk, rm`mlmk, mkmlcsm bmpmtmk, `grgfeb bmpmtmk bmk `g`oumt ru`usmk. *Xglmnmr `gkamrc bmk `gkyglcbcfc sgsumtu pgrfmrm mtmu pgrcstcwm sgamrm scstg`mtcf, frctcs bmk mkmlctcs sgdckiim bmpmt `gru`usfmk nmwmpmk fgpmbm  pgrsemlmk mtmu pgkg`umkkym sgkbcrc bgkimk ymfck. ymfck. *Xglmnmr `glcomtfmk bcrc sgamrm mftcj uktuf `gkamrc bmk `gkiu`pul `mflu`mt `glmluc pglomimc mftcvctc sgpgrtc `g`grdmtc, `gkbgkimr, `gkyeml,  ogrockamki, `g`oumt runufmk, uncfmnc bmk fmnc scmsmt. *Oelgd bcnmlmkfmk sgamrm ogrmsckimk mtmu bcimoukifmk bmlm` pglomimc tgfkcf pg`oglmnmrmk sgpgrtc fgrnm prengf, sc`ulmsc, lmwmtmk, `mck  pgrmkmk bmk fucz. *Iuru ogrpgrmkmk sgomimc jmsclctmter uktuf `g`oc`ocki presgs pgkgrefmmk bmk rgjlgfsc `csmlkym `glmluc mftcvctc seml nmwmo. *Acrc-acrc pg`oglmnmrmk ckfucrc ogrjefus pmbm dcpetgscs ymki dgkbmf bcunc, scfmp fgtgroufmmk

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

9=

 pgkiiukmmk bmk pgkigsmdmk jmftm mtmu ouftc bmk ru`usmk.

2.

Oglmnmr Amrm Oglmnmr/Lgmrkcki Re Lgmrk

7.

:.

Xg`oglmnmrmk @mstgrc/@mstgry Lgmrkcki

Fmncmk @msm Bgpmk/Juturg Qtuby

*Xglmnmr lgocd pgfm fgpmbm tgfkcf pg`oglmnmrmk ymki ogrfgsmk. *Xgkiumsmmk fg`mdcrmk ckc `g`oelgdfmk pglmnmr `gkckifmtfmk pgkigtmdumk, `gkidmbmpc bukcm ymki agfmp sgrcki ogrtckbmf ogruomd uktuf bmk  ogrupmym `gkim`mlfmk pg`oglmnmrmk sgu`ur dcbup. *Xgkbgfmtmk pgkimnmrmk bmk pg`oglmnmrmk ymki  ogrjefus fgpmbm pgkiumsmmk pglmnmr bmlm` ssgsumtu gsumtu  pgrfmrm ymki bcpglmnmrc. *Xglomimc su`ogr `mflu`mt bmpmt `g`omktu  pglmnmr uktuf `gkiumsmc sgsumtu pgrfmrm tgrlgocd bmdulu, aektedkym bgkimk `glmymrc cktgrkgt `glmluc lm`mk wgo ymki tgrpclcd mfmk bmpmt `g`omktu  pglmnmr `gkiumsmc pgkigtmdumk bmk fg`mdcrmk y ymki mki spgscjcf. *Xg`oglmnmrmk bcpgamdfmk fgpmbm ukct ymki lgocd fgacl supmym `ubmd bcfumsmc. *Xglmnmr `gstc `gkiumsmc 48 pgrmtus tmdmp `mstgrc sgoglu` ogrmlcd fg stmkbmrb pg`oglmnmrmk ymki sgtgruskym. *Qumtu pgkbgfmtmk pgkimnmrmk uktuf `gkbcbcf  pglmnmr mimr lgocd prcdmtck tgrdmbmp sgsumtu pgrfmrm mtmu csu ymki ogrlmfu pmbm `msm lm`pmu, `msm fckc bmk `msm bgpmk. *Xglmnmr bmpmt `g`oumt rm`mlmk, `gknmkifm mfcomt sgrtm `gkigkbmlcfmk pgruomdmk supmym `grgfm `gkbmpmt `mkjmmt ymki `mfsc`u`. *Mbmlmd strmtgic sgamrm smcktcjcf ymki bcockm uktuf `gkm`omdfmk fgupmymmk `urcb bmlm` `gkidmbmpc  pglomimc amomrmk dcbup bmk `g`oumt `g`oumt fgputusmk.

9.

Xgkclmcmk Fgkbcrc/Qglj Mssgss`gkt

©OX@@M_M?8=4

*Qmtu preirm` ymki `g`oelgdfmk pglmnmr oglmnmr sgamrm fgkbcrc `glmluc pgkiiukmmk omdmk  pg`oglmnmrmk. *Rgrbcrc bmrcpmbm 2 pgkbgfmtmk cmctu Rgrmrmd Fgkbcrc (Qglj-Bcrgatgb), Fmbmr Fgkbcrc (QgljXmagb), Mfsgs Fgkbcrc (Qglj-Maagssgb) bmk Xgktmfscrmk Fgkbcrc (Qglj-Mssgssgb) *Xglmnmr `m`pu `gkimfsgs omdmk-omdmk  pg`oglmnmrmk sgpgrtc `ebul, lm`mk sgsmwmki, vcbge cktgrmftcj bmk bmpmt `gktmfscr pg`oglmnmrmk sgkbcrc. *Xglmnmr bcogrcfmk pglumki `g`clcd mftcvctc, `gkclmc dmscl fgrnm bmk `g`mktmu fg`mnumk sgkbcrc mimr

 

9?

`grgfm ogrtmkiiukinmwmo bmk ogrbcfmrc tgrdmbmp  pg`oglmnmrmk `grgfm.

4.

Fgagrbmsmk Xglomimc/@ultcplg Cktgllcigkag

3.

FOMR/DERQ

=8.

Xgkyglgsmcmk @msmlmd

*Bmpmt `gkig`omkifmk petgksc fgagrbmsmk, `ckmt bmk fgagkbgrukimk `urcb fgrmkm sgtcmp ckbcvcbu `g`pukymc fgagrbmsmk bmk fgoelgdmk ymki  ogrogzm. *Fgagrbmsmk pglomimc `grmkifu`c fgagrbmsmk vgroml-lckiucstcf, leicf-`mtg`mtcf, `uzcf, fckgstgtcf, vcsuml-rumki, cktgrpgrsekml, cktrmpgrsekml bmk kmturmlcs. *Bckymtmfmk bmlm` furcfulu` sgamrm gfsplcsct supmym iuru bmpmt `gktgrng`mdfmkkym bmlm` XbX  omic `grmkismki pg`cfcrmk ogrstruftur bmk  ogrjefus bmlm` fmlmkimk pglmnmr. *Xgkgrmkimk FOMR ogrjefus fgpmbm 2 tmdmp  pg`cfcrmk cmctu `gkimplcfmsc, `gkimplcfmsc, `gkimkmlcscs, `gkimkmlcscs, `gkclmc bmk `gkacptm. *@grmkifu`c fg`mdcrmk ogrjcfcr frctcs bmk frgmtcj, `gkmmful bmk strmtgic ogrjcfcr. *Mftcvctc XbX ymki `gkamomr pg`cfcrmk pglmnmr uktuf `gkyglgsmcfmk `msmlmd sm`m mbm sgamrm  pgrcombc mtmu sescml. *Xglmnmr pgrlu `gkiiukmfmk fg`mdcrmk, prckscp bmk tgerc ymki tglmd bcpglmnmrc uktuf `gkyglgsmcfmk `msmlmd ymki bcogrc `glmluc presgs ogrcfut> -@gkigkml pmstc bmk `gkidurmcfmk sgsumtu `msmlmd -@gkgktufmk pglomimc mltgrkmtcj uktuf `gkyglgsmcfmk `msmlmd bgkimk `gkim`ocl fcrm jmftm, pmkbmkimk bmk pgrmsmmk wmtmf ymki tgrlcomt -@g`clcd strmtgic ymki sgsumc uktuf `gkyglgsmcfmk `msmlmd sgpgrtc Rdgery ej Aekstrmckts   (REA), pgtm `ckbm, sgomo bmk Aekstrmckts mfcomt bmk fekjlcf rgselusc. -@gkiunc fgputusmk tgktmtcj ymki bcpclcd bgkimk `gkiu`pul bmk `gkclmc `mflu`mt ymki rglgvmk bgkimk `msmlmd. -@g`oumt fgputusmk `uftm`mb mtmu `gkiuomdsumcfmk lmkifmd mtmu strmtgic ymki tglmd bcm`ocl. *Xgkyglgsmcmk `msmlmd sgamrm felmoermtcj pgrlu bcimlmffmk bmlm` mftcvctc oclcf bmrnmd.

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

91

==.

Xg`oglmnmrmk Ogrmsmsfmk Xrengf

*Fgrnm prengf bctmfrcjfmk sgomimc tuimsmk,  pg`ockmmk mtmu scmsmtmk ymki tgrmtur ymki `gknurus fgpmbm `mtlm`mt ymki spgscjcf. Mftcvctc fgrnm prengf bclmfsmkmfmk sglgpms pglmnmr `gkiumsmc fg`mdcrmk ymki tglmd bcpglmnmrc. *Xgkimplcfmscmk bmk pgkiimoukinmlckmk  pgkigtmdumk, fg`mdcrmk bcscplck bmk kclmc ymki bmrcpmbm pglomimc cl`u bcpglmnmrc uktuf `gkyglgsmcfmk `msmlmd. *Xglmnmr `gkiiukmfmk `mflu`mt lm`m bmk omdmru uktuf `gkidmsclfmk sgsumtu ymki kymtm. *Fmgbmd ckc `glcomtfmk pglmnmr `gkifmnc sgsumtu csu, `gkycmsmt bmk `g`pgrsg`omdfmk bmpmtmkkym. *Xglmnmr bcogrc tuimsmk tgrtgktu sm`m mbm sgamrm ckbcvcbu mtmu fu`pulmk bmk `gkicfut tmdmp fgoelgdmk `grgfm. Xglmnmr pgrlu `gbmpmtfmk `mflu`mt bmrcpmbm pglomimc su`ogr uktuf `gkycmpfmk prengf ymki bcogrc elgd iuru. Qg`msm  presgs `gkycmpfmk tuimsmk, iuru dgkbmflmd sgktcmsm `g`oc`ocki bmk `g`ogrc feksultmsc fgpmbm pglmnmr. *Iuru pgrlu `g`mktmu presgs pgkygbcmmk prengf sgamrm ogrtgrusmk. *Xresgskym `glcomtfmk g`pmt tmdmp cmctu `gkiu`pul `mflu`mt, `g`presgs `mflu`mt, `glmperfmk dmscl prengf bmk rgjlgfsc fgkbcrc. *@g`pukymc nmkifm `msm ymki pmknmki, `gkicktgirmscfmk pglomimc bcscplck cl`u,  ogrpusmtfmk `urcb bmk `gkiduoukifmctfmk  pgkim`mlmk fgdcbupmk sgogkmr. *Xrebuf pg`oglmnmrmk ogrmsmsfmk fgrnm prengf  oelgd bmlm` ogktuf ogktuf lmpermk, pgrsg`omdmk mtmu dmscl fgrnm tmkimk.

=?.

Xg`oglmnmrmk Fepgrmtcj

©OX@@M_M?8=4

*Dmscl pglmnmr dgkbmflmd bcdmktmr ckbcvcbufgrnm bmk iuru pgrlu `gkygbcmfmk ruorcfsgamrm omic `g`oelgdfmk glg`gk pgkigtmdumk, fg`mdcrmk bmk kclmc bctmfscr sgpgrtc`mkm ymki tglmd bcrmkamki. *Bmpmt `g`omktu iuru `gkclmc pgrfg`omkimk mtmu fumlctc pg`oglmnmrmk pglmnmr. *Xglmnmr lgocd ogr`etcvmsc fgrmkm bmpmt `gkidmsclfmk sgsumtu prebuf. *Fmgbmd XbX bmlm` fu`pulmk ymki `g`oelgdfmk  pglmnmr oglmnmr amrm oglmnmr bmk `g`omktu mktmrm smtu sm`m lmck bmlm` `gkyglgsmcfmk sgsumtu tuimsmk. *Mdlc fu`pulmk ogfgrnm, ogrfekisc cbgm, omdmk bmk bm k  pgrmlmtmk uktuf `gkampmc `mtlm`mt sgkbcrc bmlm` fu`pulmk

 

92

=1.

Xg`oglmnmrmk Lumr Oclcf Bmrnmd

=2.

Xgkbgfmtmk @ebulmr

=7.

Qc`ulmsc

*Bmpmt `gkidmsclfmk tuimsmk fu`pulmk, `gwunubfmk cktgrmfsc, sg`mkimt ogfgrnm sgpmsufmk bmk lmtcdmk fgpc`pckmk. *Mftcvctc furcfulu` ymki bclmfufmk bc lumr oclcf bmrnmd sgamrm tgrmkamki bmk ogrstruftur. *Bmpmt `gkiufudfmk pg`mdm`mk pglmnmr tgrdmbmp feksgp ymki pg`oglmnmrmk bcpglmnmrc bmlm` fglms, sctumsc `g`ogrcfmk  pgkimlm`mk bmlm` ymki sgogkmr bc sm`pcki `gkig`omkifmk fg`mdcrmk sescml bmk cksmkcmd. *@mfsub > `g`gamdfmk fg`mdcrmk fgpmbm ukctukct fgacl ymki bcfgkmlc sgomimc `ebul. *Fg`mdcrmk omdmsm bcstrufturfmk `gkiiukmfmk  pgkbgfmtmk `ebulmr uktuf `g`mstcfmk pgkiumsmmk pgkiumsmmk fgagfmpmk ogromdmsm ymki omcf. *@glmluc pgkbgfmtmk ckc, fg`mdcrmk tgrtgktu bmpmt bclmfsmkmfmk bgkimk lgocd ogrjefus bmk `ubmd bcfumsmc elgd pglmnmr. *Oelgd bclmfufmk bgkimk auom `gwunubfmk sctumsc sgogkmr omic sgsumtu tepcf. *@gstc bclmfufmk bmlm` fgmbmmk tgrfmwml `glmluc sescebrm`m ymki `gkimkbukic sfrcp bmk fekjlcf, `mdupuk `mck pgrmkmk sgpgrtc lmfekmk spektmk. *Mftcvctc ymki bcnmlmkfmk `gkygrupmc ymki sgogkmrkym. Aekted sc`ulmsc ymki utm`m cmlmd `mck  pgrmkmk, pgr`mckmk bmk pgkiiukmmk pgkiiukmmk `ebgl. *Bmlm` `mck pgrmkmk, `urcb `glmfekfmk sgsumtu pgrmkmk sgamrm spektmk ogrbmsmrfmk  ogogrmpm symrmt ymki tglmd bctgktufmk. Xgr`mckmk  pulm `g`pukymc pgrmturmk ymki dmrus bcpmtudc. *Xglmnmr ogr`mck uktuf `g`pglmnmrc sgsumtu prckscp mtmupuk uktuf `g`mdm`c presgs uktuf `g`oumt fgputusmk. *@ebgl oelgd bciukmfmk uktuf `gwmfclc eongf mtmu fgmbmmk sgogkmr. *@urcb bmpmt `g`omymkifmk sctumsc tgrsgout bmk sgtgruskym `g`mdm`c feksgp bmk prckscp ymki bcpglmnmrc.

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

97

OMDMICMK XGKBCBCFMK @GKGKIMD @M_M 

Xg`oglmnmrmk Momb Fg-?=

 ?= st  A  ?=  Ag gktur kturyy LLg gmr kc kcki ki

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

9:

XG@OGLMNM_MK MOMB FG-?= =8 Acrc Xg`oglmnmrmk Xg`oglmnmrmk Momb fg-?=

                   

         

Xg`oglmnmrmk mftcj Xgkiiukmmk tgfkeleic Ogrpusmtfmk pglmnmr Xglmnmr jmdm` bmk pmtud mrmdmk Xgrsgfctmrmk fekbuscj Xg`oglmnmrmk fgkbcrc Qmlcki der`mt `gkider`mtc Xglmnmr ogrtmkiiukinmwmo tgrdmbmp pglmnmrmk `grgfm Xgkclmcmk ogrmsmsfmk pgkampmcmk Xg`oglmnmrmk felmoermtcj

Acrc-acrc Iuru Momb fg-?= KE AC_C-AC_C =. @mdcr bmk  ogrfgtgrm`pclmk bmlm`  pgbmieic (XbX)

?. 1.

2.

@gkiumsmc suongf (fmkbukimk furcfulu`) @gkiiukmfmk tgfkeleic tgrfckc

@g`clcfc fg`mdcrmk fmuksglcki

7.

:.

@g`mdm`c pscfeleic  pg`oglmnmrmk (aeikctcvg (aeikctcvg  psyadeleiy))  psyadeleiy @g`mdm`c pgrfg`omkimk  pglmnmr bmk `gkymymkic `grgfm

©OX@@M_M?8=4

XGKG_MKIMK Iuru dmruslmd `mdcr bmlm` `gkiiukmfmk pglomimc fmgbmd bmk strmtgic pgkimnmrmk bmk pg`oglmnmrmk ymki ogtul sg`msm `gknmlmkfmk XbX bc bmlm` fglms. Xg`oglmnmrmk ymki pglomimc ckc mfmk `gwunubfmk sumsmkm pg`oglmnmrmk ymki lgocd fekbuscj bmk `gsrm  pglmnmr. Iuru dmruslmd `gkiumsmc fmkbukimk furcfulu` omic suongf ymki bcmnmr. Xg`oglmnmrmk `gkiiukmfmk lab, imngt, pglomimc mlmtmk glgftrekcf sgrtm mplcfmsc `eoclg. Aekted tgfkeleic bmlm` XbX cmlmd olgkbgb lgmrkcki ,  jlcppgb almssree` bmk bmk im`cjcamtcek  im`cjcamtcek.. Fg`mdcrmk uktuf `g`omktu pglmnmr `gkmkimkc

`msmlmd g`esc, sescml bmk nuim pglomimc csu ymki  ogrfmctmk pg`oglmnmrmk sm`m mbm bc bmlm` `mdupuk bc lumr oclcf bmrnmd. Wktuf `g`mdm`c `ckmt bmk rgspeks pglmnmr fgtcfm  oglmnmr. @gkclmc pgrfg`omkimk fgoelgdmk `grgfm.

pglmnmr6

sgsumc

bgkimk

 

99

MFRCZCRC XG@OGLMNM_MK MOMB FG-?= KE

=.

MFRCZCRC

_eukb _eock

XGKG_MKIMK

Qgtcmp fu`pulmk bcogrcfmk tepcf uktuf bcockamkifmk. Xgrockamkimk bcamtmt. Qglgpms ? `ckct, fgrtms ogrgbmr fg fu`pulmk fgbum. Fu`pulmk fgbum ogrockamki bmk `gkamtmt rgspeks ymki ogrogzm.

?.

_elg plmy (@mck pgrmkmk)

Qgtcmp fu`pulmk bcogrc tuimsmk. Qgtcmp mdlc fu`pulmk  pgrlu `g`mckfmk pgrmkmk sgomimc wmtmf ymki  ogrlmckmk.

1.

Rdckf Xmcr Qdmrg (Jcfcr-pmsmkimk-fekisc)

=.Xglmnmr bcfgdgkbmfc `g`cfcrfmk tepcf/semlmk ymki bcogrc sgamrm ckbcvcbu. ?.Xglmnmr bc`cktm ogrockamki bgkimk rmfmk/pmsmkimk. 1.@grgfm pgrlu ogrfekisc `mflu`mt/dmscl  pgrockamkimk bgkimk pmsmkimk lmck/fu`pulmk/fglms. lmck/fu`pulmk/fglms.

2.

Imllgry wmlf (Imlgrc Qusur @ckbm / Imlgrc Nglmnmd @ckbm)

Xglmnmr ogrnmlmk/ogrigrmf bc sgfglclcki oclcf/bgwmk uktuf > m)`glcdmt  o)ogrjcfcr a)ogrockamki bgkimk rmfmk-rmfmk sgfu`pulmk  ogrfgkmmk dmscl fgrnm rmfmk-rmfmk lmck ymki ymki bctm`pml.

7.

Det Qgmt (Fgrusc Xmkms)

Qgermki pglmnmr bcpclcd uktuf tm`pcl bc dmbmpmk fglms. Xglmnmr tgrsgout pgrlu `g`ogrcfmk pmkbmkimk mtmu `gknmwmo semlmk ymki bcmnufmk rmfmk-rmfmk  ogrfmctmk bgkimk tmnuf ymki bcockamkifmk. bcockamkifmk.

:.

Rdrgg strmy, ekg stmy

Mftcvctc ogr`ulm bgkimk pgrockamkimk sgamrm s gamrm  ogrfu`pulmk. Qglgsmc mftcvctc pgrockamkimk bmlm` fu`pulmk, sg`um mfmk ogrigrmf fg fu`pulmk lmck uktuf `gkbmpmtfmk `mflu`mt, fgaumlc sgermki wmfcl bmrc sgtcmp fu`pulmk ymki mfmk fgfml ogrmbm bc tg`pmt msml. Xglmnmr ymki fgfml mfmk `gknmbc  pg`ogktmki fgpmbm fu`pulmk pglmwmt.

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

94

9.

Xgtm c-Rdckf (Xgtm Xg`cfcrmk)

Rgrbcrc bmrcpmbm 4 pgtm pg`cfcrmk bgkimk presgs  pg`cfcrmk bmk ogktuf ymki ogrogzm. Feksgpkym mbmlmd bgkimk `gkiiukmfmk pgtm pg`cfcrmk sgomimc mlmt uktuf `gknmkm cbgm pglmnmr, nuim uktuf pglmnmr `g`oumt fmncmk bmk bcpgrsg`omdfmk bmlm` ogktuf irmjcf. (_unuf lm`pcrmk c). Xgtm c-Rdckf tgrbcrc bmrcpmbm >   Xgtm Oulmtmk   Xgtm Oucd   Xgtm Oucd Ogrimkbm   Xgtm Xefef   Xgtm Bmfmp   Xgtm Mlcr   Xgtm Xglomimc Mlcr   Xgtm Rctc        

4.

Brm`mtcsmtcek (Brm`m)

Xgrsg`omdmk pglmnmr bmlm` ogktuf brm`m, cmctu dmscl fgrnm pglmnmr sgamrm ogrfu`pulmk sglgpms `g`oumt  pgrockamkimk, pgrmkamkimk bmk lmtcdmk.

3.

Gkveys (Wtusmk)

Qgtcmp fu`pulmk fu`pulmk bcogrc tuimsmk bmk sgermki utusmk bcpclcd bmrc sgtcmp fu`pulmk uktuf `gkgrmkifmk dmscl  pgrockamkimk tgktmki tmnuf/csu fgp fgpmbm mbm fu`pulmk omru bc sm`pcki `gkbmpmtfmk pmkbmkimk bmrc fu`pulmk  omru tgktmki tmnuf ctu. Wtusmk fg`omlc sg`ulm fgpmbm fu`pulmk msml bgkimk bmk `g`ogrc `mflu` omlms fgpmbm mdlckym.

=8.

Gxct Amrb

Wktuf rgjlgfsc. Aekted ymki lmck >

(Fmb Fglumr)

©OX@@M_M?8=4

=.   Lcidt Oulo  Oulo  (@gktel)  ‑   —Mpmfmd smtu pgrfmrm  omdmru ymki smym pglmnmrc dmrc ckc5–  ckc5–  ?.   Ock, Orcki, Omi  ‑   ‑    Ock   (Omful) > —Mpm ymki smym pgrlu  Ock dmpusfmk/fglumrfmk5–   dmpusfmk/fglumrfmk5–  Orcki (Omwm) > —Mpmfmd ymki smym oelgd omwm uktuf bcfekisc ogrsm`m fu`pulmk smym5–  smym5–    Omi  (Ogi) > —Mpm ymki smym sufm/omkiim5–  sufm/omkiim5– 

 

93

==.

Jeru`

Xglmnmr ogrmbm bmlm` fu`pulmk ogrg`pmt bmk bcogrcfmk tmnuf pgrockamkimk ymki ogrogzm-ogzm. Qgtcmp mdlc mfmk `gkig`ufmfmk pmkbmkimk bmk  pgkbmpmt.

=?.

Ncismw _gmbcki (Qusuk Qumc)

Xglmnmr bcogrc fgrmtmk mymt/pgrgkiimk ymki `mkm `grgfm bcfgdgkbmfc `gkyusuk sg`ulm mymtmymt/pgrgkiimk-pgrgkiimk `gkicfut fgsgsumcmk /cbgm/nmlmk/agrctm/frekeleic bmk lmck-lmck.

=1.

Net Rdeuidts (Amtmtmk Jcfcrmk)

Qgtcmp pglmnmr bcogrc ogogrmpm dglmc Qtcafy Q tcafy ketgs. ketgs. Iuru `gkygout tmnuf, `g`ogrc `msm fgpmbm pglmnmr uktuf `g`cfcrfmk nmwmpmk sgrtm `gkulcs nmwmpmk. Qgtcmp Qtcafy ketgs  ketgs  bctulcsfmk bgkimk cbgm ymki ogrogzm ogzm. Qtcafy ketgs  ketgs  bctm`pml bc tgkimd-tgkimd `gnm (`ezgf).

=2.

FYL Admrt

Qgoumd Amrtm bcogrc fgpmbm pglmnmr sgoglu` XbX.

(Amrtm FYL)

Xglmnmr bc`cktm `gkicsc rumki-rumki sgpgrtc > =. Fkew (  Fkew (Ydmt Ydmt C fkew moeut /Mpm /Mpm ymki smym tmdu) -pgkigtmdumk sgbcm mbm ?. Ymkt   (Ydmt C wmkt te fkew `erg moeut / Mpm ymki smym ckick tmdu lgocd lmknut5) -semlmk-semlmk pglmnmr 1. Lgmrkgb  1.  Lgmrkgb   (Ydmt C dmvg lgmrkgb /Mpm /Mpm ymki smym tglmd pglmnmrc) -pgkclmcmk ogrogktuf su`mtcj

=7.

Lcstgkcki Rrcmb (Xgkbgkimrmk ogrtcim)

1 ermki pglmnmr bmlm` smtu fu`pulmk. *Ckbcvcbu pgrtm`m sgomimc pgkyeml *Ckbcvcbu fgbum `gknmwmo semlmk *Ckbcvcbu fgtcim sgomimc pgkamtmt. Xgkamtmt mfmk `g`oumt lmpermk sglgpms pgroumlmk tgrsgout ogrmfdcr. Wktuf XbX sgtgruskym, pgrmkmk sgsgermki ctu mfmk  ogrsclcd imktc.

=:.

@mfcki @ebgl (@g`ockm `ebgl) Xrgsgktmtceks (Xg`ogktmkimk)

@g`ockm `ebgl ? Bc`gksc, 1 Bc`gksc mtmu `ebgl  ogrjukisc. Xgrsg`omdmk pglmnmr bmlm` pglomimc ogktuf sgpgrtc > m)  Lcsmk  o)  Zcbge a)  Xewgrpeckt

=9.

b)  Xm`grmk g)   Kymkycmk ©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

48

j)  Rmrcmk i)  Lmfekmk Iuru pgrlu `g`oumt pgkclmcmk bmk `g`ogrc `mflu`omlms. Fu`pulmk fgacl bclgtmffmk bc sgtcmp stgsgk. @grgfm bcogrc `msm =8 `ckct uktuf `gknmwmo tepcf ymki tglmd bctgktufmk bc sgtcmp stgsgk. Mpmoclm `msm tm`mt, tm `mt, fu`pulmk ctu mfmk ogrigrmf fg stgsgk sgtgruskym sgdckiimlmd sg`um fu`pulmk tglmd `glmluc sg`um stgsgk. Qgtcmp fu`pulmk bcogrc pgk wmrkm ymki  ogrogzm uktuf `gkamtmt nmwmpmk.

=4.

_etmtcki Qtmtceks (Qtgsgk Ogrputmr)

=3.

Qglj Mssgss`gkt (Xgkclmcmk Fgkbcrc)

Xglmnmr `gkyg`mf sgkbcrc tuimsmk ymki bcogrcfmk  ogrbmsmrfmk pmkbumk iuru.

?8.

Qdeut Eut (Lmukimk)

Xglmnmr bcimlmffmk `g`ogrc cbgm sgamrm lcsmk bgkimk lmukimk ymki fumt bmlm` sgsc su`omki smrmk. Cbgmcbgm `grgfm bcamtmt bc mtms fgrtms mtmu pmpmk putcd. Mftcvctc sgtgruskym  ‑   susuk sg`ulm cbgm-cbgm ckc sgamrm scstg`mtcf.

?=.

Qcx Rdckfcki Dmts (: Repc Xg`cfcr)

Xglmnmr bc`cktm `gkymtmfmk pmkbmkimk ogrbmsmrfmk Rdckfcki Dmts ymki Dmts ymki tglmd bctgktufmk.

??.

Qfcts (Qfgtsm)

Qfgtsm `g`ogrc pglumki fgpmbm pglmnmr uktuf `g`ouftcfmk fgjmdm`mk `grgfm tgrdmbmp tepcf ymki bcogrc.

?1.

Rrmjjca Lcidts (Lm`pu Csymrmt)

Qmtu amrm pgkclmcmk fgkbcrc bc mwml, sg`msm mtmu bc mfdcr XbX. Rcim wmrkm bciukmfmk > *Irggk (Dcnmu) ‑  (Dcnmu) ‑  Qmym  Qmym ymfck smym tmdu *Sgllew (Fukcki) ‑  (Fukcki) ‑ _msm-rmsmkym _msm-rmsmkym smym tmdu *_gb (@grmd) ‑  (@grmd) ‑  Qmym  Qmym tcbmf tmdu

?2.

Du`mk Irmpdcki (Irmj @mkuscm)

Xglmnmr ogrigrmf `gkicfut fu`pulmk bmk `g`ogktuf aermf/pmttgrk tgrtgktu supmym tepcf `ubmd bcjmdm`c.

?7.

Zcbge Alcps (Flcp Zcbge)

Xgkiiukmmk flcp vcbge bgkimk ogrpmkbufmk semlmksemlmk ymki bcsgbcmfmk.

?:.

Wscki Lmrig Xcaturg Amrbs (Im`omr/Jete Ogsmr)

Xgkiiukmmk im`omr mtmu jete bmlm` XbX.

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

4=

?9.

C Qgg, C Rdckf, C Yekbgr (Qmym lcdmt, smym jcfcr & smym ogrtmkym)

Bgkimk `gkiiukmfmk im`omr/eongf, pglmnmr bc`cktm> (m) sgkmrmcfmk/ockamkifmk mpm ymki `grgfm lcdmt ( sgg),  sgg), (o) jcfcrfmk mpm ymki `grgfm lcdmt bmk fmctfmk bgkimk fgdcbupmk sgdmrcmk/lmck-lmck pgrfmrm (tdckf ) & (a) ogrtmkym semlmk-semlmk ymki ogrfmctmk/rglgvmk (wekbgr ). ). Fu`pulmk pglmnmr `g`ogrc lmpermk fgpmbm fglms sgamrm lcsmk ogrfgkmmk mpm ymki tglmd bcpglmnmrc sgoglu` ctu.

?4.

_gamp Ireups (@gkiulmki/@gkickimt Qg`ulm)

?3.

S Admrt (Amrtm S)

Rcim fgpcki fgrtms bctm`pml bmlm` ogktuf —S– bmk  pmbm sgtcmp fgrtms bctulcs semlmk ymki ogrogzm uktuf  pglmnmr `gkulcs nmwmpmk `grgfm.

18.

Rc`g Ampsulgs (Fmpsul @msm)

Iuru `gkim`ocl dmscl fgrnm/ pmkbmkimk sgtcmp pglmnmr  pmbm mwml tmduk (aektedkym) (aektedkym) bmk `g`oufm `g`oufm fmpsul ctu  ogogrmpm oulmk fg`ubcmk uktuf pglmnmr `g`omam sg`ulm mpm ymki `grgfm tulcs.

1=.

Admck Lckf (_mkifmcmk)

Xglmnmr `g`oumt —rmktmc fgrtms– ymki `mkm pmbm sgtcmp fgrtms bctulcs cbgm/ `mflu`mt ymki ogrfmctmk bgkimk tepcf ymki bcogrc.

1?.

Qurvgy (Rcknmumk)

Xglmnmr `g`oumt tcknmumk uktuf `gkbmpmtfmk `mflu`mt ymki lgocd tgrpgrckac omic tunumk `g`oumt mkmlcscs ogrfgkmmk tepcf/csu.

11.

Lgmrkcki @ebmlctcgs (Imym Xg`oglmnmrmk)

Xgkiiukmmk imoukimk pglomimc amrm pg`oglmnmrmk aektedkym fckgstgtcf (pgrigrmfmk), vcsuml bmk/mtmu mubcterc (`gkbgkimr).XbX `glcomtfmk mftcvctc-mftcvctc `gkicfut fgagkbgrukimk pglmnmr (@ultcplg Cktgllcigkags) > =. Zgroml-Lckiucstca ?. Leicaml-@mtdg`mtcaml 1. Zcsuml-Qpmtcml 2. Oebcly-Fckgstdgtca 7. @uscaml-_dytd`ca :. Kmturmlcst 9. Cktrmpgrsekml 4. Cktgrpgrsekml

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

4?

12.

]umbrmkt Matcvcty (Mftcvctc Ogrg`pmt)

=. Qmtu oulmtmk bclufcs bc tgkimd-tgkimd fgrtms ymki  ogsmr. Bc lumr oulmtmk, iuru `g`omdmicfmk fgrtms fgpmbm 2 omdmicmk (smtu omdmicmk uktuf smtu pglmnmr). pglmnmr ). ?. Qgtcmp pglmnmr `gkulcs nmwmpmk/pmkbmkimk fgpmbm semlmk ymki bcogrc. 1. Xglmnmr ogrockamki bgkimk mdlc fu`pulmk bmk `gkulcs nmwmpmk ymki tglmd bcpgrsgtunuc sg`um mdlc fu`pulmk bc bmlm` oulmtmk.

17.

Ckbcamter (Xgtuknuf)

Xgkiiukmmk bum wmrkm uktuf `gkuknuffmk nmwmpmk  pglmnmr, aektedkym> (m) dcnmu ‑  dcnmu ‑  Sm  Sm / Qgtunu (o) `grmd ‑  `grmd ‑  Oufmk  Oufmk / Rcbmf sgtunu

1:.

Ouclb Rdg Ociigst Rewgr (@g`ockm @gkmrm Smki Rgrogsmr)

=. Xglmnmr ogfgrnm sgamrm ogrfu`pulmk & felmoermtcj ?. Iuru `g`ogrc omdmk-omdmk ymki tgrdmb fgpmbm sgtcmp pglmnmr uktuf `g`ockm `gkmrm `grgfm sgamrm frgmtcj 1. @gkmrm ckc `gkagr`ckfmk/`g`mpmrfmk rgjlgfsc/pmkbmkimk `grgfm.

19.

Adukfcki (Imoukimk)

@gkiiukmfmk pgkigtmdumk sgbcm mbm pglmnmr ymki bcimoukifmk bgkimk pg`oglmnmrmk omru uktuf `g`pgrtckifmtfmk fgjmdm`mk `grgfm.

14.

Irmpdca Erimkcsgr (Xgkiurusmk Irmjcf)

Ogktuf irmjcf ymki bciukmfmk mtmu bcacptm pglmnmr uktuf `gkuknuffmk fgjmdm`mk `grgfm bmk/mtmu `mflu`mt/jmftm ogrfmctmk csu/tmnuf ymki bcockamki.

13.

Xmrmadutg Ouclbcki (@g`oumt Xmyuki Rgrnuk) Amjã (Fmjg/Fgbmc Fepc)

Mftcvctc ckfucrc ymki `gkiimlmffmk  ogfgrnmsm`m bmk ogrfelmoermtcj.

CO Rrgg (Xefef CO)

Qgtcmp pglmnmr bcogrc dglmcmk ymki `g`pukymc pefef CO bmk `grgfm `gkamtmtfmk pgrfg`omkimk `grgfm sgamrm ckbcvcbu tgktmki mpm ymki bcpglmnmrc.

28.

2=.

©OX@@M_M?8=4

pglmnmr

Qgpgrtc bc fmjg, pglmnmr bubuf sgamrm ogrfu`pulmk bc sgoumd `gnm bmk ogrockamki tgktmki semlmk/csu ymki bclgtmffmk bc mtms mlms `gnm (tmolg (tmolg aletd). aletd).

 

41

2?.

QYER

Xglmnmr bcfg`ufmfmk semlmk/sctumsc/csu uktuf bcockamkifmk bmk `grgfm bcfgdgkbmfc `gkicsc  oermki ymki `g`pukymc `g`pukymc g`pmt pgtmf> Q> Qtrgkitds Qtrgkitds (Fgfumtmk)  (Fgfumtmk) Y> Ygmfkgssgs Ygmfkgssgs (Fglg`mdmk)  (Fglg`mdmk) E> Eostmalgs Eostmalgs (Dmlmkimk/Amomrmk)  (Dmlmkimk/Amomrmk) R> Rdeuidts  (Qemlmk-semlmk uktuf Rdeuidts (Qemlmk-semlmk tckbmfmk/fmncmk sgtgruskym).

21.

Ae``gracml (Cflmk)

Qmtu amrm uktuf `gkym`pmcfmk `mflu`mt tgktmki tmnuf/tepcf ymki bcogrc.

22.

Aektckuu` (Xgkgrusmk)

Qm`m sgpgrtc irmj mtmu amrtm, fmgbmd ckc oelgd bciukmfmk uktuf `gkuknuffmk fgjmdm`mk bmk  pgrfg`omkimk pglmnmr bmlm` sgsumtu tepcf. C

27.

C

Adgaflcst

Xglmnmr

(Qgkmrmc sg`mf)

sgkmrmc uktuf `gkuknuffmk fgjmdm`mk `grgfm.

2:.

Mkgabetml Ketgs (Ketm Mkgfbet)

Iuru `g`oumt amtmtmk rckifms ogrbmsmrfmk  pg`grdmtcmk bmk pgrockamkimk bgkimk pglmnmrkym.  Ketm-ketm rckifms ckc oelgd bcrunuf mpmoclm `g`oumt lmpermk sgamrm jer`ml.

29.

Ous Qtep (Dgktcmk Oms)

=. Qemlmk/tepcf bc mtms fgrtms bctm`pml pmbm bckbcki bc ogogrmpm tg`pmt bmlm` fglms/bgwmk. ?. Xglmnmr ogrigrmf sgamrm ogrfu`pulmk bmrc smtu dgktcmk fg dgktcmk ymki lmck sm`ocl ogrockamki tgktmki semlmk/tepcf ogrfgkmmk. 1. Xglmnmr ogrfekisc pgkbmpmt bmk `grgfebfmk fe`gk bmk `mflu`mt ymki bcpgrelgdc.

24.

Rmolg Rmlfgrs (Xgrockamkimk bc @gnm)

Fmb-fmb ymki `gkimkbukic tepcf/csu bclgtmffmk bc mtms `gnm uktuf pgrockamkimk fu`pulmk sgamrm lcsmk mtmu ogrtulcs.

23.

Ormckster`cki (Qu`omki smrmk)

Amrm ymki m`mt omcf uktuf `gkbmpmt cbgm-cbgm ogrkms bmrcpmbm pglmnmr. Qg`um pglmnmr `gkig`ufmfmk cbgm mtmu ambmkimk.

78.

Almsscjcamtcek (Flmscjcfmsc)

@gkm`pml fmtm-fmtm fukac mtmu semlmk bc bckbcki bc  ogogrmpm tg`pmt. Xglmnmr bcfgdgkbmfc ogrbcrc bc tg`pmt ymki tgrbmpmt fmtm-fmtm mtmu semlmk ymki `grgfm sufm/sgtunu/jmdm`.

©OX@@M_M?8=4

bcfgdgkbmfc

`gkmkbm

ctg`-ctg`

bmlm`

 

42

7=.

Ydmt @mttgrs (Mpm ymki pgktcki)

Qmtu tgfkcf `gknmwmo semlmk-semlmk ymki bcogrc  ‑    pglmnmr ogrigrmf bmk `glcdmt sgrtm auom `g`mdm`c mtmu `g`clcd nmwmpmk-nmwmpmk ymki sgsumc ymki bctm`pml bc sgfctmr `grgfm.

7?.

Xgrsekml Lgmrkcki

Xglmnmr ogrfekisc pgkimlm`mk pgrcombc ogrfmctmk csu/tepcf ymki bcockamki

71.

Gxpgrcgkags (Xgkimlm`mk Xgrcombc) Bcm`ekb _mkfcki (Qusukmk Ogrlcmk)

72.

Qtery Oeefs (Oufu Agrctm)

Xgkiiukmmk oufu-oufu agrctm uktuf fmkmf-fmkmf bmlm` fglms pglmnmr ymki lgocd bgwmsm bmpmt `g`ogrc  pglumki fgpmbm `grgfm uktuf ogrockamki bmk `g`oumt rgjlgfsc.

77.

Xmrty (Xgstm)

@gwunubfmk sumsmkm —ogrpgstm– bmk ogrockamki tgktmki tepcf/csu ymki bcsgbcmfmk mtms fmb-fmb ymki bctm`pml bc sgfglclcki oclcf/bgwmk mtmu bclgtmf bc mtms `gnm-`gnm mtmu bc mtms lmktmc.

7:.

Im`gs (Xgr`mckmk)

Xgr`mckmk bcnmbcfmk strmtgic ymki ogrfgsmk uktuf rgjlgfsc/pgrockamkimk.

79.

Lgmrkcki Rrces M-O-A (Rcim Qgrmkifmc M-O-A)

Qmtu fmgbmd `gkiurusfmk pgrockamkimk bmlm` fmlmkimk pglmnmr> =. Xglmnmr M ogramfmp, pglmnmr O & A bgkimr bmk  ogrtmkym semlmk. ?. Xglmnmr O ogramfmp, pglmnmr M & A bgkimr bmk  ogrtmkym semlmk. 1. Xglmnmr A ogramfmp, pglmnmr M & O bgkimr bmk

3 fgpcki fgrtms/fmb bcsusuk bmlm` ogktuf ogrlcmk (=?-1-?-=). Qtrmtgic ckc bciukmfmk uktuf `gkgktufmk/`gkuknuffmk susukmk `gkicfut fgpgktckimk cbgm/csu/csc, pmbm pmkbmkimk pglmnmr.

 ogrtmkym semlmk. Xglmnmr nuim oelgd `g`oumt amtmtmk ogrtulcs dmscl bmrcpmbm pgrockamkimk `grgfm. 74.

Amreusgl (Fmrusgl)

=. Qemlmk-semlmk bclgtmf/tm`pml bc sgfglclcki oclcf. ?. Xglmnmr bcfgdgkbmfc ogrigrmf bmlm` fu`pulmk bmrc smtu semlmk fg semlmk ymki lmck, bgkimk `gkukiiu mrmdmk iuru sgoglu` ogrigrmf. 1. Qg`um pglmnmr `gstc ogrigrmf fg sgtcmp tg`pmt ymki bclgtmffmk semlmk. Xglmnmr bc`cktm ogrockamki mtmu `gkulcs nmwmpmk `grgfm mtms fgrtms. 2. Amrm ymki lmck  ‑   pglmnmr bubuf bmlm` fu`pulmk bmk semlmk-semlmk bcgbmrfmk `gkicfut pusckimk nm`.

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

47

73.

Qdmrcki (Ogrfekisc)

Qgtcmp fu`pulmk `gstc ockamki & nmwmo sg`um semlmk. Fu`pulmk bcsusuk `gkicfut `ckmt mtmu dmscl  pg`oglmnmrmk ymki sm`m.

:8.

_gmb mkb Dcidlcidt

Qmtu strmtgic `g`omam ymki ogrpmkbu. Xglmnmr bcogrc

(Omam bmk Rmkbm)

 omdmk omammk bmk bcfgdgkbmfc `gkigkmlpmstc bmk `gkmkbm fmtm-fmtm fukac mtmu mymt-mymt  pgktcki/utm`m.

:=.

]ugstcek Ouclbgr (Xg`ockm Qemlmk)

Iuru `g`ogrc feksgp bmk oc`ocki pglmnmr supmym `grgfm `g`ockm semlmk-semlmk ymki `g`oelgdfmk `grgfm `g`pglmnmrc lgocd lmknut tgktmki t gktmki feksgp ymki bcogrc.

:?.

Xuzzlg Ct Eut (Qglgsmcfmk)

Xglmnmr bcogrc `mflu`mt ymki tcbmf `gkicfut susukmk. Xglmnmr bcfgdgkbmfc ogrockamki bmk `gkyusuk `mflu`mt.

:1.

Alezg Xreagburgs

Xglmnmr bcogrc dglmcmk tuimsmk bc`mkm `grgfm pgrlu

(Cscfmk tg`pmt feseki)

`gkbgkimr bgkimk tglctc bmk `gkicsc tg`pmt-tg`pmt feseki bgkimk `mflu`mt ymki sgsumc/tgpmt.

:2.

_uorcas (_uorcf)

Qmtu strmtgic uktuf `gkclmc pgkampmcmk pglmnmr aektedkym pgrsg`omdmk pglmnmr. Xglmnmr mfmk bcogrctmdu acrc-acrc ymki tgrfmkbuki bmlm` ruorcf.

:7.

Cagogri (Oekifmd mcs/Mcsogri)

Qmtu strmtgic uktuf `gkiu`pul `mflu`mt bmrcpmbm  pglmnmr ogrfgkmmk tepcf ymki bcogrc> - Jmftm msms / `mflu`mt ocmsm ogrmbm bc dunuki  oekifmd mcs. - @mflu`mt ymki lgocd fe`plgfs ogrmbm bc pmrms  omwmd.

::.

Rc`glckg (Imrcsmk @msm)

Qtrmtgic ymki bciukmfmk uktuf `gkamtmt `mflu`mt  pglmnmr mtmu tepcf  ‑   smtu ogktuf flmscjcfmsc mtmu rmkfcki. Bulu C

©OX@@M_M?8=4

Qgfmrmki C

@msm bgpmk C

C

 

4:

:9.

Bcp (Agruk/Lurmd)

Xglmnmr `gkmkbm rmnmd agruk/lurmd uktuf `gkuknuffmk tmdmp fgjmdm`mk `grgfm ogrfgkmmk sgsumtu tepcf. Ckqucrg

Lgmrk

(Rmkym)

(Oglmnmr) Wkbgrstmkb (Jmdm`)

:4.

I_MQXQ

Qtrmtgic ckc bciukmfmk uktuf `gkclmc pgrsg`omdmk mtmu dmscl fgrnm pglmnmr. Xglmnmr bcogrc oermki I_MQXQ uktuf bccsc bcpgrckifmt mwml prengf `grgfm. -Ieml (Iel/Rmrigt) -_elg (Xgrmkmk) -Mubcgkag (pgkektek/dmbcrck/pg`omam) -Qctumtcek (Qctumsc) -Xrebuat, Xgrjer`mkag & Xurpesg (Xrebuf, Xgkym`pmcmk & Runumk) -Qtmkbmrbs & Arctgrcm jer Quaagss (Acrc/ Frctgrcm fgnmymmk)

:3.

]ucaf ]ucz (Fucz Fclmt)

Fucz ymki bciukmfmk uktuf `gkiunc fgjmdm`mk  pglmnmr tgktmki pgkigtmdumk sgbcm mbm mtm mtmu u mpm mp m ymki tglmd `grgfm pglmnmrc (mwml / mfdcr XbX).

98.

Mrtsampg (Lmfmrmk)

Iuru `g`mckfmk `uzcf/lmiu (ncfm `mdu) bmk pglmnmr bc`cktm `glmfmr/`glufcs (`gkiiukmfmk wmrkm) bc mtms fgrtms feseki mpm ymki `grgfg sufm, uktuf `gkagr`ckfmk fgjmdm`mk `grgfm tgktmki mpm ymki bcpglmnmrc.

9=.

@ckb @mp (Xgtm @ckbm)

Qmtu strmtgic uktuf `g`ogrc pglumki fgpmbm pglmnmr uktuf `gkuknuffmk fgjmdm`mk `grgfm tgktmki sgsumtu tepcf ymki bcmnmr. Xgtm `ckbm c-tdckf   mbmlmd smtu aekted pgtm `ckbm ymki bcimlmffmk.

9?.

Mttctubg @evg`gkt (Xgrigrmfmk `gkicfut Xgkbmpmt)

Iuru `gkm`pml fgkymtmmk-fgkymtmmk ogrfmctmk csu/tepcf ymki tglmd bcockamki bc sgfglclcki  oclcf/bgwmk bmk pglmnmr bc`cktm `g`omam sgtcmp fgkymtmmk bmk ogrbcrc/ogrfu`pul bc tg`pmt fgkymtmmk ymki `grgfm sgtunuc.

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

49

91.

Admrt mkb Qdmrg (Amtmt & Fekisc)

Oermki —Admrt —Admrt mkb Qdmrg– Qdmrg– bcogrc fgpmbm pglmnmr bmk `grgfm ogrockamki bmk `gkicsc oermki sgrtm  ogrfekisc `mflu`mt/cbgm bgkimk fu`pulmk ymki lmck.

92.

Rmolg Aletd

Iuru `gkygbcmfmk semlmk bc mtms fgrtms ymki ogsmr

(Mlms @gnm)

ymki bclgtmffmk bc mtms `gnm. Xglmnmr ogriclcr-iclcr uktuf `gkulcs nmwmpmk `grgfm bc mtms fgrtms ctu.

97.

Aellmoermtcek (Felmoermsc)

Xglmnmr bcogrc tuimsmk uktuf `g`oumt tuimsmk sgamrm fu`pulmk bmk ogfgrnmsm`m bgkimk fu`pulmkfu`pulmk lmck uktuf `glgkifmpfmk / `gkycmpfmk tuimsmk.

9:.

Qtrgtad te Qfgtad (Lufcs `gkicfut Frgmtcvctc)

Iuru `g`ogrc mrmdmk/`mflu`mt uktuf `g`omktu  pglmnmr `glufcs (sgamrm ckbcvcbu) tgtmpc `grgfm nuim bcfgdgkbmfc `gkiiukmfmk frgmtcvctc `mscki-`mscki uktuf ogroumt bg`cfcmk. Dmscl fgrnm pglmnmr bctm`pml bmk iuru mfmk `g`ogrc pgkicftcrmjmk/dmbcmd fgpmbm lufcsmk ymki pmlcki tgpmt/frgmtcj.

99.

Brmwcki Xestgrs (@glufcs Xestgr)

Ogrbmsmrfmk mrmdmk/`mflu`mt ymki bcogrc, pglmnmr `glufcs pestgr sgamrm ogrfu`pulmk, tmkpm `gkiiukmfmk pgrfmtmmk/mymt.

94.

Rdu`os Wp (Csymrmt Rmkimk)

Qmtu amrm iuru `gkclmc pglmnmr mpmoclm bctmkym semlmk,  pglmnmr `g`ogrc csymrmt tmkimk sgpgrtc ogrcfut> -Rdu`os up (omius/ up (omius/ jmdm`) -Rdu`os `cbblg (furmki `cbblg (furmki jmdm`/furmki pmstc) -Rdu`os bewk (tcbmf bewk (tcbmf jmdm`)

93.

Ae`pmss Xeckts (Rmkbm Fe`pms)

Qglgpms XbX, iuru oelgd `gkigbmr oermki uktuf bcsc elgd pglmnmr sgamrm ckbcvcbu > - Gxactgb  Gxactgb (Qgrekef) -Yerrcse`g Yerrcse`g (_csmu)  (_csmu) - Kggb  Kggb te fkew (Ckick fkew (Ckick tmdu) -Quiigstceks Quiigstceks (Ambmkimk)  (Ambmkimk)

48.

Gxg`plmrs (Aekted)

Iuru `gkiiukmfmk aekted-aekted ymki omcf bmlm` XbX uktuf `gkiufudfmk fgjmdm`mk pglmnmr.

4=.

Xgrsekml Matcek Xlmk (Xglmk Rckbmfmk Xgrcombc)

Qgtcmp pglmnmr bcfgdgkbmfc `g`oumt pglmk tckbmfmk  pgrcombc ogrfgkmmk pg`oglmnmrmk `grgfm tgktmki tepcf/csu aektedkym> Qgigrm = oulmk C

©OX@@M_M?8=4

C

: oulmk C

= tmduk C

C

 

44

4?.

Qglj _gjlgatcek (_gjlgfsc Fgkbcrc)

Qglgpms ,`g`pglmnmrc sgsumtu tepcf, sgtcmp pglmnmr bc`cktm `gkulcs fgdgkbmf/pgkbmpmt `grgfm `gkicfut pgrfmrm bc omwmd> Ekg tdcki C wcll… (Qmtu pgrfmrm ymki smym …)  …)   =. stmrt =. stmrt becki  (mfmk  (mfmk `ulm oumt) ?. step ?. step becki  (mfmk  (mfmk ogrdgktc lmfufmk) 1. be `erg ej  (mfmk  (mfmk oumt lgocd lmic) 2. be lgss ej  (mfmk  (mfmk furmkifmk)

41.

“Xest Ct‐ Ketgs  Ketgs   (Ketm Amtmtmk)

Xglmnmr bc`cktm `gkulcs amtmtmk bc mtms sgfgpcki fmb/fgrtms bmk tm`pmlfmk bc pmpmk fgkymtmmk sglgpms XbX.

42.

Rmlf Xmrtkgrs (Xmsmkimk Ogrouml)

Xglmnmr bcogrc pglumki uktuf ogrouml bmk ogrockamki bgkimk pmsmkimk/rmfmk tgktmki mpm ymki `grgfm tglmd pglmnmrc.

47.

Ygos / Qpcbgr Bcmirm`s (_mnmd Qmrmki Lmomdlmomd)

Qtrmtgic ckc dm`pcr sm`m bgkimk `gkygbcmfmk pgtm `ckbm. Xglmnmr bcimlmffmk `gkamtmt cbgm `grgfm bmlm` ogktuf ymki frgmtcj.

4:.

@mfg prgbcatceks (@g`oumt  nmkifmmk/mkbmcmk)

Xglmnmr bc`cktm `g`oumt mkbmcmk/nmkifmmk sgoglu` bg`e/uncfmnc bcoumt. Qgtglmd tm`mt bg`e/uncfmnc,  pglmnmr bc`cktm ogrockamki sm`mbm sm`m bm mkbmcmk/nmkifmmk `grgfm ogtul, smlmd mtmu furmki tgpmt.

49.

_eafgt Yrctcki (Xgkulcsmk Xmktms)

Nmkifm `msm bcogrc (aektedkym 1 mtmu 7 `ckct) uktuf  pglmnmr `gkulcs mpm ymki `grgfm tmdu ogrfgkmmk bgkimk tepcf/semlmk ymki bcogrc.

44.

Aekstruatcvcs` (Fekstruftcvcs`g)

Qtrmtgic ckc `gkiimlmffmk pglmnmr `glmluc presgs  pg`oglmnmrmk ymki ogr`mfkm bgkimk `g`ockm cbgmcbgm omru. Xresgs ckc `glcomtfmk > -  Igkgrmtg (Ockm/Nmkm) -  Qert (Qusuk) -  Aekkgat (Imouki/Duouki) -  Glmoermtg (Durmc/Nglmsfmk)

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

43

OMDMICMK XGKBCBCFMK @GKGKIMD @M_M 

Omdmk Omktu Oglmnmr/ Qu`ogr _unufmk

R gmadc adc ki & L gmr kc kcki ki Mc M c bs/ _ gjgr gkag kags 

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

38

RDG OMQCA LGQQEK XLMK (_MKAMKIMK XGKIMNM_MK MQMQ) Repca/ Repcf Almss/ Fglms Bmtg (Q)/ Rg`ped Qtmtg Qtmkbmrbs/ QX

Eongatcvgs/ Eongftcj

_gseurags Kggbgb/ Qu`ogr Maae``ebmtceks  Kggbgb/ Fgpgrlumk pglmnmr Matcvctcgs te Gkimig Qtubgkts (mttmad aepcgs)/ Mftcvctc pglmnmr Mssgss`gkt (ckalubcki de`gwerf mpplcamolg)/cj Xgkclmcmk

_gjlgatcek/ _gjlgfsc

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

3=

RDG OMQCA LGQQEK XLMK Ydmt spgacjca mspgat ej tdg ukct wcll og `y jeaus5 Repca Dew begs tdcs tepca rglmtg te tdg lgsseks ogjerg mkb mjtgr ct5 Almss Bmtg (Q)

Yde wcll og tdg stubgkts pmrtcacpmtcki ck tdcs lgssek5 Dew leki wcll ct tmfg te tgmad tdcs tepca5 Ydmt stmtg stmkbmrbs mrg mbbrgssgb oy tdcs lgssek5

Qtmtg Qtmkbmrbs

Ydmt etdgr stmtg stmkbmrbs eutscbg tdg suongat mrgm begs tdcs lgssek plmk mbbrgss5 Jer gxm`plg, ck Nck-Md–s Nck-Md–s almss tdg erml prgsgktmtcek ej tdg sacgkag prengat mlse rglmtgs te mk Gkilcsd stmtg stmkbmrb ek  puolca spgmfcki. Ydmt be stubgkts kggb te fkew oy tdg gkb ej tdcs lgssek te smtcsjy tdg aurrcaulu` rgqucrg`gkts5 Ydmt be C wmkt stubgkts te fkew tdmt wcll gkdmkag tdgcr lgmrkcki5

Eongatcvgs

Ydmt sdeulb stubgkts og molg te be mjtgr tdcs lgssek5 Jer gxm`plg, ekg aeulb jellew tdcs tg`plmtg > Rdg stubgkts wcll (cksgrt m vgro) (cksgrt tdg tepca) mkb bg`ekstrmtg tdcs oy (cksgrt tdg mssgss`gkt `gmsurg). Ydmt pdeteaepcgs mrg kggbgb5

_gseurags Kggbgb

Ydmt `mtgrcmls kggb te og `mbg, aellgatgb, er erimkczgb (`gbcm, lmo `mtgrcmls, gqucp`gkt, `mkcpulmtcvg, oeefs, gta.)5 Ydmt mrg tdg spgacml kggbs ej se`g ej tdg stubgkts5

Maae``ebmtceks  Kggbgb

Matcvctcgs te Gkimig Qtubgkts (mttmad aepcgs)

Dew wcll C bcjjgrgktcmtg ckstruatcek jer vmrceus moclcty stubgkts5 Ydmt mbbctcekml rgseurags er suppert `my C kggb5 Ydmt wcll og `y wmr`-up wmr`-up matcvcty te matcvmtg stubgkts– tdckfcki5 Dew begs tdcs tepca rglmtg te stubgkts– prcer lgmrkcki5 lgmrkcki5   Omsgb ek `y fkewlgbig ej tdg stubgkts, wdmt mbbctcekml samjjelbcki be C kggb te prevcbg jer tdg` te maagss tdcs tepca5 Ydmt ckstruatcekml strmtgicgs werf wgll5

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

3?

Ydmt matcvctcgs dmvg werfgb wgll ck tdg pmst5

Mssgss`gkt (ckalubcki de`gwerf cj mpplcamolg)

Ydmt wcll gkdmkag stubgkt ukbgrstmkbcki mkb lgmrkcki5 Mrg tdgrg rglmtgb msscik`gkts mssc ik`gkts ck tdg tgxtoeef er ek m pdeteaepy sdggt tdmt amk usgb jer de`gwerf5 Dew wcll C prevcbg jggbomaf te tdg stubgkts5 Ydmt admkigs bcb C `mfg burcki tdg lgssek mkb wdy5

_gjlgatcek

Dew bcb C mltgr tdg lgssek ogtwggk tdg bcjjgrgkt pgrcebs pgr cebs C tmuidt ct5 Ydmt kggb te og bekg bcjjgrgktly cj tdcs lgssek lgss ek cs tmuidt mimck5 Ydmt werfgb wgll5

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

31

E_IMKC^MRCEKML RCXQ Cj stubgkts ae``ekly werf ck tdg sm`g ireup, msscik gmad ireup m aektmckgr (bcsd tuos, omsfgts, mkb trmys werf wgll) tdmt tdgy amk sgkb ekg `g`ogr te rgtrcgvg mkb rgturk jer gmad matcvcty. Ct icvgs tdg stubgkts mk ckagktcvg te trgmt tdg ae``ek supplcgs wgll. Xlmag sacssers, tmpg, stmplgr, delg pukad, amlaulmters, rulgrs, mkb etdgr ae``ekly kggbgb ctg`s ck m ae``ek plmag tdmt stubgkts amk maagss ek tdgcr ewk.

@mtgrcmls

Dmvg m amk ej sdmrpgkgb pgkacls kgmr tdg pgkacl sdmrpgkgr. Cj tdg lgmb  orgmfs burcki almss, m stubgkt amk plmag tdg pgkacl ck tdg amk mkb rgtrcgvg m sdmrpgkgb ekg. Mt m `erg mppreprcmtg tc`g (g.i., gkb ej tdg lgssek) tdg stubgkt amk rgturk tdg oerrewgb pgkacl mkb sdmrpgk tdg ekg tdmt wms lgjt (Rde`sek, ?88?). DCKR> Rdg tgmadgr `my ket dmvg te  ouy tdg ckctcml pgkacls, sckag pgkacls jrgqugktly amk og jeukb ek tdg jleer wdgk tdgy dmvg rellgb mwmy ukbgr mketdgr bgsf. Nust tgll yeur austebcmk wdgrg rgtrcgvgb pgkacls amk og plmagb jer j er stubgkt usg. Fggp gxtrm sadeel supplcgs ek dmkb jer stubgkts wde jerigt er ruk eut ej tdgcr mwk. Mlse, tdcs cs dglpjul wdgk m kgw stubgkt mrrcvgs ck almss wde `my ket dmvg mll tdg supplcgs kggbgb. Qgt up ku`ogrgb werf stmtceks wctd kgagssmry supplcgs mkb msscik stubgkts te `mtadcki werf ireups. Rdcs werfs wgll wdgk stubgkts `ust ie tdg gqucp`gkt (g.i., sacgkag lmo) vgrsus tmfcki tdg gqucp`gkt te tdgcr bgsfs. Qgt up aellgatcek trmys jer jckcsdgb werf lmoglgb wctd gctdgr tdg suongat jer glg`gktmry almssree`s er pgrcebs jer sgaekbmry almssree`s. almss ree`s.

Yerf Msscik`gkts

Argmtg wmll erimkczgrs wctd cbgktcjcgb ocks jer almss msscik`gkts se tdmt stubgkts amk pcaf up `cssgb werf mjtgr m lmtg mrrcvml er mk mosgkag. Mt tdg sgaekbmry lgvgl wdgk tdgrg mrg `ultcplg prgps sgpmrmtgb oy  orcgj orgmfs, ct amk og dglpjul te dmvg m plmstca jclg jelbgr delbgr mjjcxgb te tdg wmll se tdg tgmadgr amk pull tdg kgagssmry jelbgr.

Lgssek Xlmks

Fggp plmks ck m ockbgr tdmt dms bcvcbgr pmigs jer tdg bcjjgrgkt suongats/pgrcebs. Wsg plmstca pmig pretgaters te delb aepcgs ej dmkbeuts mkb trmkspmrgkacgs (`mfg surg te dmvg tdg “arystml algmr‐ slggvgs er glsg tdg trmkspmrgkay wcll dmvg te og rg`evgb jre` tdg slggvg). Erimkczg lgssek plmks glgatrekcamlly. Cj tdg ree` cs gqucppgb wctd m `ekcter jer XewgrXeckt prgsgktmtceks, usg tdg jcrst slcbg te cbgktcjy tdg

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

32

tctlg mkb tdg sgaekb slcbg tdg iemls6 tdcs ket ekly erimkczgs tdg stubgkts, out mlse rg`ckbs tdg tgmadgr ms wgll. Xest jcrg mkb terkmbe ckjer`mtcek ck tdg ree`. Ckalubg lmoglgb `mps ej wdgrg te ie wdgk gxctcki tdg almssree` jer terkmbe mkb jcrg brclls / g`grigkacgs. Fkew tdg leamtcek ej tdg kgmrgst jcrg gxtckiucsdgr mkb jcrg mlmr`  pull. Rrmck stubgkts te fkew wdmt te be ck mk g`grigkay sctumtcek. G`grigkay Xreagburgs

Algmrly lmogl tdg ejjcag amll outtek se suostctutg tgmadgrs amk c``gbcmtgly cbgktcjy ct cj mk g`grigkay eaaurs. Fggp m lcst ej mll stubgkts wde `my rgqucrg `gbcaml mttgktcek ck yeur irmbg oeef. Fkew tdg preteael jer wdmt te be, jer gxm`plg, bcmogtcas, bcmogtc as,  ogg stckis, gpclgptca sgczurgs, gta. ms mppreprcmtg, mlgrt suostctutg tgmadgrs. Cj ck m spgacjca-usg almssree`, suad ms sacgkag, fkew dew te epgrmtg tdg gygwmsd stmtcek mkb sdewgr, tdg leamtcek ej tdg g`grigkay sdutejj vmlvgs ck tdg ree`, mkb wdgrg smjgty gqucp`gkt cs stergb. st ergb. Bcsplmy m pestgr wctd tdg omsca jlew ej tdg bmy (c.g., ogll admkigs ck sgaekbmry sadeel er ck glg`gktmry sadeel wdgk rgmbcki, `mtd, rgseurag almssgs, lukad, sacgkag, seacml stubcgs, gta. eaaur).

Qadgbulgs

Yrctg m bmcly migkbm jer stubgkts te fkew wdmt te gxpgat ck tgr`s ej tdg bmy–s eongatcvg (sgg Admptgr 7 ek wrctcki ckjer`mtcekml eongatcvgs), matcvctcgs, mkb de`gwerf. Ketg Argmtg m Ygo pmig wctd wggfly msscik`gkts lcstgb mkb dypgrlckfs te  pesscolg rgseurags.

Almssree` Bcsplmys

©OX@@M_M?8=4

Dmvg m oemrb jer “werfs ck preirgss‐ wdgrg stubgkts amk pest werf ek wdcad tdgy wmkt aekstruatcvg arctcacs` jre` tdgcr pggrs (Rde`psek, ?88?). Qtubgkts wckb up fggpcki tdcs oemrb gvgr admkicki. Wsg m olgkb ej stubgkt-`mbg mkb ae``gracml prebuats te bcsplmy ek tdg wmlls. Mk mrt pertjelce werfs wgll te fggp pestgrs jlmt mkb pestgr  oemrb amk og tmoogb wctd dgmbckis ej bcjjgrgkt ukcts, se tdg tgmadgr amk pull eut kgw `mtgrcml ms mppreprcmtg jer bcsplmy.

 

37

]WGQRCEKCKI RGADKC]WGQ MKMLSQCQ ADM_R  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUU   Rgmadgr–s Km`g > UUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUU UUUUU

Bmtg

>

 UUUUUUUUUUU

Eosgrvgr–s Km`g >  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUU

Rc`g

Irmbg/Quongat

>  > 

_gaerb mll tdg qugstceks msfgb oy tdg tgmadgr ermlly mkb ck wrctcki burcki tdg lgssek. Xlmag sm`plg qugstceks ck tdg spmag ogkgmtd tdg mppreprcmtg lgvgl. Rdgk tmlly tdg ku`ogr er qugstceks oy lgvgl mkb amlaulmtg m pgragktmig. RERML RSXG EJ ]WGQRCEK XG_AGKR # _gamll

Dew be yeu jciurg tdg `gmk5 Ydmt cs mketdgr werb jer `gmk5 Dew be yeu amlaulmtg tdg `ebg5 Ydmt cs tdg `gbcmk5 Rdg rmkig5 (? qugstceks) Ydgrg cs tdg x-mxcs5 Ydmt wms ogcki aeuktgb5 Dew bcb wg aeukt5 Ae`prgdgkscek

=:

14%

Ydmt bcb yeu jciurg eut wms tdg mvgrmig mvgrm ig m`eukt ej tc`g spgkt ek DY5... wmtadcki RZ5... slggpcki5 (1 qugstceks) Ydmt matcvcty be stubgkts spgkb tdg `est tc`g t c`g becki ek mvgrmig5 Ydmt typg ej irmpd sdeulb og usgb dgrg5 Ydmt sdeulb tdg x-mxcs og lmoglgb5 Ydmt sdeulb wg lmogl tdg y-mxcs ms5

=:

14%

=8

?2%

2?

=88%

Rctlg5 Mpplcamtcek gvmlumtcek)

mkb

ogyekb

(mkmlyscs,

syktdgscs,

Ydy cs tdg omr irmpd tdg ogst adecag5 Ydmt begs tdg irmpd tgll us5 Cj yeu dmb te `mfg m prgbcatcek moeut dew mketdgr : td  irmbg almss spgkt tdgcr tc`g wdmt weulb yeu smy5 Ydmt begs tdg bmtm tgll us tdmt tdg irmpd begsk–t sdew5  sdew5   Ydmt cs tdg mbvmktmig ej irmpdcki tdcs bmtm5 Retml ej mll qugstceks

Dewgvgr, tdg admrt cs usgjul jer stmrtcki st mrtcki m bcmleiug moeut wdmt cs eaaurrcki ck tdg alms almssree` sree` mkb dew mttgktcvg mkb ckvelvgb tdg stubgkts mppgmr te og burcki tdg lgssek. Ct cs uklcfgly tdmt =88 pgragkt ej tdg stubgkts wcll og gkimigb tdreuideut tdg wdelg lgssek. ©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

3:

EZG_MLL RC@G WQG CK ALMQQ_EE@ A LMQQ_EE@  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUU   Eosgrvgr > UUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUU UU Rgmadgr > UUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUU

Bmtg >  UUUUUUUUUUU

Rc`g > 

Ku`ogr ej Qtubgkts > UUUUUUUUUUUU

 Ketg ekly `mner ` mner matcvctcgs matc vctcgs (g.i. `mtd lgssek, rgmbcki ireups, rgagss, gta gta.), .), out rgaerb mll `mner admkigs ck matcvctcgs. QRM_R & GKB RC@GQ

©OX@@M_M?8=4

@MNE_ MARCZCRS JE_ QRWBGKRQ CK ALMQQ

 

39

CKQR_WARCEKML _GQEW_AGQ Repca> UUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUU U Bcrgatceks > Wsg tdcs sdggt ms mk erimkczgr ej fgy fg y rgseurags tdmt amk og maagssgb ms bcjjgrgkt tepcas mrg mbbrgssgb burcki lgssek plmkkcki er ck almss. _gseurags ck tdg Qadeel _gseurags Lcst mky ctg`s tdmt kggb te og rgsgrvgb jer usg burcki stuby ek tdcs tepca (g.i., ckauomter, irmpdcki amlaulmters, eutbeer almssree`, ae`putgr ree`, almss sgt ej kevgls).

 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUU _gseurags ck tdg Almssree` Lcst rgseurags tdmt mrg ck yeur pessgsscek tdmt spgacjcamlly rglmtg te tdcs tepca.

 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUU Xrckt _gseurags Ckalubg prejgsscekml rgjgrgkag oeefs, neurkml mrtcalgs, mkb rgmbcki `mtgrcml tdmt weulb og mppreprcmtg jer stubgkts. Jer Qtubgkt Wsg

Ygo Qctgs Qctg Km`g

Ygo Mbbrgss

Bgsarcptcek

 ‑  Ckalubg  Ckalubg tdgcr km`g, spgacjca mrgm ej gxpgrtcsg, mkb aektmat ckjer`mtcek Qpgmfgrs  ‑   UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUU Xesscolg Jcglb Rrcp Qctgs  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUU

 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUU  ©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

34

CKQR_WARCEKML _GQEW_AGQ (sm`plg) (sm`plg)   Repca > Igkgtcas 

Bcrgatceks > Wsg tdcs sdggt ms mk erimkczgr ej fgy fg y rgseurags tdmt amk og maagssgb ms bcjjgrgkt tepcas mrg mbbrgssgb burcki lgssek plmkkcki er ck almss. _gseurags ck tdg Qadeel _gseurags Lcst mky ctg`s tdmt kggb te og rgsgrvgb jer usg burcki stuby ek tdcs tepca (g.i., ckauomter, irmpdcki amlaulmters, eutbeer almssree`, ae`putgr ree`, almss sgt ej kevgls).

A e` e`p putgr utgr r ee ee` ` jer tdg sam samvg vgki kig gr dukt ek c kdgr kdgrcc tgb tgb b bcc sgmsg sgmsgss _gseurags ck tdg Almssree` Lcst rgseurags tdmt mrg ck yeur pessgsscek tdmt spgacjcamlly rglmtg te tdcs tepca.

J ruc ructty jly fc fctt Xrckt _gseurags Ckalubg prejgsscekml rgjgrgkag oeefs, neurkml mrtcalgs, mkb rgmbcki `mtgrcml tdmt weulb og mppreprcmtg jer stubgkts. Jer Qtubgkt Wsg

Amrteek Iucbg te Igkgtcas oy Lmrry Iekcaf

T

R dg Du` D u`m mk I gke ke` `g oy oy A Am mr c k B gkkc kkcss mkb etdg tdgrr s  Qacgktcjca M`grcamk M`grcamk cssugs wctd “Gxplercki “Gxplercki yeur bgstcky‐  bgstcky‐  

T

J c lg jelbg jelbgrr ej aellgat aellgatg gb lg lgssek ssek plm plmks ks mkb ma matctcvc vctctcg gs Ygo Qctgs Qctg Km`g Igkgtca Lgssek Xlmk Cbgms Igkgtca Qacgkag Lgmrkcki Agktrg Du`mk Igke`g Xrengat

Ygo Mbbrgss

Bgsarcptcek

dttp>//www.fu`a.gbu/iga/lgssek.dt`l

Ygo sctg lckfs te gvgryekg Wkcv. ej Wtmd sctg ‑  sctg  ‑  dms  dms m `eusg alekcki sc`ulmtcek Ckjer`mtcek ek tdg prengat stmrtgb ck =338

dttp>//isla.igkgtcas.utmd.gbu/

dttp>//www.erkl.iev/Rgad_gs eurags/   dttp>//www.erkl.iev/Rgad_gseurags/ Du`mkUIgke`g/prengat/moeut.dt`l

 ‑  Ckalubg  Ckalubg tdgcr km`g, spgacjca mrgm ej gxpgrtcsg, mkb aektmat ckjer`mtcek Qpgmfgrs  ‑  _ymk Irmdm`, dersg orggbgr ‑  orggbgr ‑  tmuidt  tmuidt dcs bmuidtgr, Dgmtdgr ck ?88? Xrgsgktmtcek ek tdg relg ej igkgtcas ck orggbcki rmag dersgs. Amll Qukky Irevg Jmr`s Xesscolg Jcglb Rrcp Qctgs ^ee te lgmrk moeut tdgcr gkbmkigrgb spgacgs orggbcki preirm`. ©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

33

_GAE_B EJ CKQR_WARCEKML QR_MRGICGQ WQGB

Amtgiercgs* Amtgiercgs *

Cbgktcjycki sc`clmrctcgs bcjjgrgkags

mkb

Qu``mrczcki ketg-tmfcki

mkb

_gckjeracki gjjert mkb prevcbcki rgaeikctcek De`gwerf  prmatcag

mkb

_gprgsgktcki fkewlgbig Lgmrkcki ireups

Qgttcki eongatcvgs mkb prevcbcki jggbomaf Igkgrmtcki mkb tgstcki dypetdgsgs

Augs, qugstceks, mkb mbvmkagb erimkczgrs

©OX@@M_M?8=4

Qtrmtgiy

Rmlly

Retml

Amtgiery Retml

 

=88

Qm`plg jre` Irmag Jcsdgr–s Lgssek Xlmk Oeef ek Qtrmtgicgs Wsgb ck m Wkct ek Qtmtcstcas mkb Bmtm Mkmlyscs (:td irmbg) Amtgiercgs* Amtgiercgs *

Cbgktcjycki sc`clmrctcgs bcjjgrgkags

Qu``mrczcki ketg - tmfcki

Qtrmtgiy

mkb

mkb

Zgkk Bcmirm`

 Ketg-tmfcki

Rmlly

Retml

Amtgiery Retml

/

=

=

//// //// //

=?

=?

_gckjeracki gjjert mkb prevcbcki rgaeikctcek

Rgst _gvcgw Im`g

/

=

=

De`gwerf  prmatcag

Xrmatcag preolg`s jre` tdg tgxt

/

=

2

///

1

/

=

=

9

mkb

Ckbgpgkbgkt prmatcag

_gprgsgktcki Fkewlgbig

@ebglcki

Lgmrkcki ireups

Aeepgrmtcvg lgmrkcki

////

2

Rdckf, pmcr, sdmrg

//

?

Qtmtceks

/

=

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=8=

/

=

//// ////

3

Ckbcvcbuml ]ucz

/

=

Ireup ]ucz

/

=

Rgst

/

=

Igkgrmtcki mkb tgstcki dypetdgsgs

Ckqucry

/

=

Ckjgrgkags

/

=

Augs, qugstceks, mkb mbvmkagb erimkczgrs

Aekagpt @mp

/

=

Qgttcki eongatcvgs mkb prevcbcki jggbomaf

©OX@@M_M?8=4

Xrg-Mssgss`gkt (ukirmbgb) De`gwerf

=1

?

=

 

=8?

Rgmadgr Xrejclg Mkmlyscs ‑  Mkmlyscs ‑  Mssgts,  Mssgts, Kggbs, mkb Xesscolg Matceks

Bcrgatceks > _gjlgat ek wdmt cs fkewk moeut tdg tgmadgr, Cbgktcjy wdmt tmlgkts, moclctcgs, mkb fkewlgbig tdg ckbcvcbuml pessgssgs tdmt wcll og mssgts te tdg sadeel mkb cts stubgkts, mkb  plmag tdgsg ck tdg Mssgts tdg Mssgts aelu`k.  aelu`k. Kgxt, aekscbgr tdg kggbs er petgktcml wgmfkgssgs tdmt tdg tgmadgr dms mkb plmag tdg` ck tdg mppreprcmtg aelu`k. Jckmlly, ormckster` pesscolg matceks yeu aeulb tmfg > prejgsscekml gxpgrcgkags er mvmclmolg rgseurags tdmt aeulb `mfg m bcjjgrgkag ck tdcs tgmadgr–s pgrjer`mkag.  pgrjer`mkag. 

MQQGRQ

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

KGGBQ

XEQQCOLG MARCEKQ

=81

_gjlgatcek Bcmleiug Neurkml Gktry

Bclg``m

Ydmt bcb C pgragcvg5

Ydmt wgrg tdg mltgrkmtcvg vcgwpeckts5

Ydmt bcb C adeesg te be5

Ydmt glsg aeulb C dmvg bekg5

Ydmt mbbctcekml matceks sdeulb C tmfg ms m jellew-up5

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=82

OMDMICMK XGKBCBCFMK @GKGKIMD @M_M 

_gjlgfsc/Amtmtmk _ gjlg lgatc atce ek/ K etgs tgs 

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=87

M@MLMK _GJLGFRCJ RWNWD (9) QEMLMK BMLM@ M@MLMK _GJLGFRCJ

=.  Mbmfmd smym `g`pukymc eongftcj ymki nglms uktuf sgsc pgkimnmrmk ckc5 Mpmfmd eongftcj

ctu5 ?.  Mbmfmd eongftcj ctu pgktcki bmlm` furcfulu`5 Omimc`mkmfmd smym `gkigtmduckym 5 1.  Mbmfmd mftcvctc ymki bcrmkamki ctu sgsumc bgkimk eongftcj ymki bctgtmpfmk5 2.  Mpmfmd mlmt omktumk ymki bcpgrlufmk omic `g`ubmdfmk pglmnmr `g`mdm`ckym5 7.  Mpmfmd lmic ymki pgrlu bclmfufmk uktuf `gknmbcfmk sgsc pgkimnmrmk bmk pg`oglmnmrmk `gkygrekeffmk5 :.  Omimc`mkmfmd bmpmt smym tmdu mbmfmd pglmnmr `g`mdm`c mpm ymki bcmnmr5 Mpmfmd amrm ymki tgromcf uktuf `gkclmc `grgfm5 9.  Xmbm u`u`kym, mpmfmd ymki pgrlu smym lmfufmk uktuf `gkimnmr bgkimk lgocd omcf pmbm `msm dmbmpmk5 FGQMK M@MLMK _GJLGFRCJ M.  BC_C IW_W

=.  @m`pu `glcdmt bcrc sgomimc iuru ymki `g`pukymc pgkigtmdumk pgriurumk ?.  Ogrscfmp jlgfscogl bmk ogrsgbcm uktuf `g`ogrc pgrfdcb`mtmk 1.  Fgoelgdmk pgkimplcfmscmk pgkigtmdumk pgriurumk bgkimk sctumsc pglmnmr 2.  Ogrsgbcm `gkckifmtfmk cl`u `glmluc fursus bmk pgrcstcwm ymki bcmlm`c 7.  Ogrfg`mdcrmk ogrfe`ukcfmsc pmbm sg`um sg`um pgrckifmt bmk sctumsc :.  @gkim`mlfmk pgrfekiscmk pcktmr bmlm` ocbmki fgpmfmrmk 9.  @gkbmpmt pgkicftcrmjmk bmlm` fe`ukctc sgfelmd, kgigrc, kmscekml bmk mktmrmomkism 4.  Ogrfgoelgdmk `g`mdm`c pglmnmr bmk `gkimtur strmtgic ogrfgsmk bmlm` pgkimnmrmk bmk  pg`oglmnmrmk 3.  Xgkckifmtmk tmdmp mfmbg`cf bmrcpmbm scncl fgpmbm cnmzmd, fg`ubcmk smrnmkm, sgtgruskym befter jmlsmjmd =8. M`mlmk pg`oglmnmrmk sgpmknmki dmymt

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=8:

O.  XGLMNM_

=.  ?.  1.  2.  7.  :.  9. 

@gkimlm`c fgsgrekefmk oglmnmr Bmpmt ogrfe`ukcfmsc bgkimk iuru bmk rmfmk Bmpmt `gkgrc`m presgs pgkimnmrmk bmk pg`oglmnmrmk Xgkckifmtmk pgkampmcmk bmlm` pgpgrcfsmmk bmlm` `mtm pglmnmrmk tgrtgktu Xgkckifmtmk bmlm` fg`mdcrmk 1@ (`g`omam, `gkulcs bmk `gkicrm) Xgkckifmtmk `etcvmsc oglmnmr Xgkckifmtmk fgymfckmk bcrc

4.  Xgkckifmtmk fgymfckmk bcrc 3.  Xgkckifmtmk bmlm` mfmbg`cf =8. M`mlmk pg`oglmnmrmk sgpmknmki dmymt A.  QGFELMD

=.  Xgkiurusmk pgktmbocrmk ymki agfmp bmlm` `g`oumt pgkimicdmk su`ogr ymki smfsm`m mktmrm fe`ukctc pglmnmr   ?.  Fgrnmsm`m iuru bmlm` pgkckifmtmk mfmbg`cf pglmnmr bmk pgrfekiscmk pcktmr sgsm`m iuru  1.  Xgkckifmtmk prgstmsc mfmbg`cf sgfelmd fgrmkm pglmnmr `gkyu`omki fg mrmd ckc 2.  Xgkckifmtmk pgrmtusmk fgputusmk pglmnmr bmlm` pgpgrcfsmmk mwm` 7.  Cou ompm ymfck tgrdmbmp pgkiurusmk sgfelmd bmk lmymkmk sm`m rmtm tgrdmbmp pglmnmr :.  @gkbmpmt pgkicftcrmjmk mtms su`omkimk pgktmbocrmk, iuru bmk pglmnmr

_GJLGARCKI EK @S AW__GKR XG_JE_@MKAG  

-  _gjlgatcek Lgmrkcki Lei c)  Ydmt be C ogttgr ukbgrstmkb kew mjtgr mjtgr stubycki mkb rgjlgatcki upek `y tgmadcki5 cc)  Ydmt mrg tdg kgxt stgps te c`prevg `y ` y pgrjer`mkag5 ccc)  Ydmt rgseurags (g.i. Xgeplg, `mtgrcmls) mrg kggbgb te gkdmkag `y tgmadcki gjjgatcvgkgss5

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=89

_G J LG AR ARCC EK QDG G R/  OE_MKI _GJLGFQC Km`g/

>UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU

 Km`m

Qadeel/

>UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU

Qgfelmd

Irmbg Lgvgl/

>UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU >UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU

Quongat/

>UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU

Rckifmtmk

Quongf

Bmtg/

>UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU

Rmrcfd

=.  Ms C rgjlgat ek tdg lgssek, te wdmt gxtgkt gx tgkt wgrg stubgkts prebuatcvgly gkimigb5 (Ae`pekgkt 2m) Qgtmfmt `mkm pglmnmr `g`pgrlcdmtfmk fgtgrlcomtmk `grgfm bmlm` X & X.

?.  Bcb tdg stubgkts lgmrk wdmt C cktgkbgb5 Ygrg `y ckstruatcekml iemls `gt 5 Dew be C fkew, er dew mkb wdgk wcll C fkew5 (Ae`pekgkts =j mkb 2m)  Bmpmtfmd pglmnmr `g`pglmnmrc mpm ymki dgkbmf bcmnmr5 Mbmfmd eongftcj tgrampmc5  Omimc`mkm bmk oclm smym mfmk tmdu5

1.  Bcb C mltgr `y iemls er ckstruatcekml plmk ms C tmuidt tdg lgssek5 Ydy5 (Ae`pekgkts =g mkb 1g)  Mbmfmd eongftcj bmk pgrmkamkimk bcuomd sumc sg`msm X & X5 @gkimpm5

2.  Cj C dmb tdg eppertukcty te tgmad tdcs lgssek mimck te tdcs sm`g ireup ej stubgkts, wdmt weulb C be bcjjgrgktly5 Ydy5 (Ae`pekgkt 2m)  Ncfm smym ogrpglumki `gkimnmrfmk pglmnmrmk ckc sg`ulm fgpmbm fu`pulmk pglmnmr ymki  sm`m, mpmfmd ymki mfmk smym uomd5 @gkimpm5

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=84

_GJLGARCKI EK @S AW__GKR XG_JE_@MKAG

_gjlgatcek Lgmrkcki Lei

Ydmt be C ogttgr ukbgrstmkb kew mjtgr stubycki mkb rgjlgatcki upek `y tgmadcki5

Ydmt mrg tdg kgxt stgps te c`prevg `y pgrjer`mkag5

Ydmt rgseurags (g.i. Xgeplg, `mtgrcmls) mrg kggbgb te gkdmkag `y tgmadcki gjjgatcvgkgss5

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=83

_GJLGARCEK XG_CEB Xrcer te tgmadcki tdg ukct (Qgoglu`  pgkimnmrmk)

OC =. Ydy be wg tdckf tdmt tdg ukct er tdg sglgatcek ej tepcas wcll og cktgrgstcki5 ?. Ydmt be stubgkts mlrgmby fkew, mkb wdmt amk tdgy be5 1. Ydmt dmvg stubgkts gkaeuktgrgb ck tdcs bcsacplckg ogjerg5 2. Ydmt begs gxpgrcgkags tgll us moeut wdmt te gxpgat ck tdcs ukct5 7. Ydmt mttrcoutgs ej tdg lgmrkgr  prejclg begs tdcs ukct ejjgr stubgkts

O@ =. @gkimpmfmd fctm ogrjcfcr omdmwm ukct mtmu pg`clcdmk tepcf mfmk `gknmbc `gkmrcf5 ?. Mpmfmd ymki submd bcfgtmduc elgd pglmnmr bmk mpm ymki oelgd bclmfufmk elgd `grgfm5 1. Mpmfmd pgkigtmdumk sgbcm mbm  pglmnmr bmlm` ocbmki ckc5 2. Bmrcpmbm pgkimlm`mk, mpmfmd ymki bmpmt fctm nmkifmfmk bmlm` ukct ckc5

eppertukctcgs te bgvglep5 :. Ydmt petgktcml cktgrbcsacplckmry aekkgatceks amk wg cbgktcjy5 9. Ydmt be wg fkew moeut stubgkts– prgjgrgkags mkb pmttgrks ej cktgrmatcek5 4. Mrg tdgrg mky pesscolg eppertukctcgs jer `gmkckijul sgrvcag lgmrkcki5 3. Ydmt ck tdg ukct `cidt og

7. Mpmfmd acrc-acrc prejcl pglmnmr bmlm` ukct ckc ymki oelgd bcogktuf5 :. Mpmfmd fmctmk petgksc cktgrbcscplck ymki bmpmt bcfgkml  pmstc5 9. Mpmfmd ymki fctm tmdu tgktmki fgutm`mmk bmk pelm cktgrmfsc  pglmnmr5 4. Mbmfmd tgrbmpmt `mkm-`mkm  pglumki ymki `ukifck ogr`mfkm

Burcki tgmadcki (Qg`msm  pgkimnmrmk)

ckspcrcki jer ae``ukcty er  pgrsekml prengats5 =8. Aeulb wg bgvglep mutdgktca

uktuf pgrfdcb`mtmk pg`oglmnmrmk5 3. Mpmfmd pgrfmrm bmlm` ukct ckc ymki `ukifck `g`ogrc ckspcrmsc

eppertukctcgs jer sgrvcag lgmrkcki5 ==. Dew amk wg usg stubgkts– stubgkts– `ultclckiumlcs` ms m rgseurag jer lgmrkcki5

uktuf fe`ctc mtmu prengf-prengf  pgrcombc5 =8. Mbmfmd tgrbmpmt pglumki pglumki ymki oelgd bcomkiukfmk uktuf pgrfdcb`mtmk pg`oglmnmrmk5 ==. Omimc`mkmfmd fgupmymmk fgbwcomdmsmmk pglmnmr bciukmfmk sgomimc su`ogr pg`oglmnmrmk5

=. Ydmt bcjjcaultcgs bcb wg =. @msmlmd mpm ymki fctm dmbmpc gkaeuktgr wdclg ae`plgtcki tdg fgtcfm `glgkifmpfmk ukct mtmu ukct er tdg su``mtcvg mssgss`gkt  pgkclmcmk tuims5 tmsf(s)5

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

==8

?. Ydmt rgseurags mrg prevcki usgjul, mkb wdmt etdgr rgseurags be wg kggb5 1. Ydmt stubgkt ckqucrcgs mrg g`gricki5 2. Ydmt amk wg mbnust er admkig5 7. Ydmt sfclls kggb `erg prmatcag5 :. Ydmt cs tdg lgvgl ej stubgkt gkimig`gkt5 9. Dew amk wg samjjelb lgmrkcki jer stubgkts wde kggb `erg iucbmkag5 4. Ydmt cs dmppgkcki ck tdg werlb rcidt kew wctd wdcad wg aeulb aekkgat tgmadcki mkb lgmrkcki ck tdcs ukct5 3. Dew wgll mrg tdg lgmrkcki gxpgrcgkags mlcikgb wctd tdg tdg ukct–s eongatcvgs5 =8. Ydmt eppertukctcgs mrg wg icvcki te dglp stubgkts gxplerg tdg cktgrprgtmtcvg kmturg ej fkewlgbig, ckalubcki pgrsekml ocmsgs tdmt `cidt og rgtmckgb, rgvcsgb er rgngatgb5 (BX tdgery ej fkewlgbig sfclls bgvglep`gkt)

?. Qu`ogr mpm mfmk bcouftcfmk  ogriukm, bmk su`ogr-su`ogr lmck ymki fctm pgrlufmk5 1. Mpmfmd pgrtmkymmk pglmnmr ymki mfmk `ukaul5 2. Mpmfmd ymki oelgd fctm sgsumcfmk mtmu tufmr5 7. Mpmfmd fg`mdcrmk ymki `g`grlufmk lgocd lmtcdmk5 :. Mpmfmd tmdmp pgkilcomtmk  pglmnmr5 9. Omimc`mkmfmd fctm oelgd ru`usfmk pg`oglmnmrmk uktuf  pglmnmr ymki `g`grlufmk  oc`ockimk ymki lgocd omkymf5 4. Mpmfmd ymki sgbmki ogrlmfu bc bukcm sgfmrmki ymki bmpmt fctm duouki fmctfmk bgkimk pgkimnmrmk bmk pg`oglmnmrmk bmlm` ukct ckc5 3. Mpmfmd pgkimlm`mk tgromcf bmrcpmbm pg`oglmnmrmk ymki sglmrms bgkimk eongftcj ukct ckc5 =8. Mpmfmd pglumki ymki fctm  ogrcfmk fgpmbm pglmnmr uktuf `g`omktu `grgfm `gkgrefm tmjscrmk pglomimc pgkigtmdumk, tgr`msuflmd pmkbmkimk pgrcombc ymki ogrmt sgoglmd cmctu bcfgfmlfmk, bcsg`mf mtmu bctelmf5

Mjtgr tgmadcki =. Ydmt wgrg tdg lgmrkcki (Qglgpms eutae`gs ej tdcs ukct5 `gkimnmr ukct) ?. Dew wgll bcb tdg su``mtcvg mssgss`gkt tmsf sgrvg te bcstckiucsd madcgvg`gkt lgvgls5 1. Yms tdg tmsf sujjcacgktly ae`plgx te mllew stubgkts te rgmad tdg dcidgst lgvgls5 2. Ydmt gvcbgkag ej lgmrkcki amk wg cbgktcjy5 Ydmt mrtcjmats ej lgmrkcki sdeulb wg beau`gkt5

=. Mpmfmd dmscl pg`oglmnmrmk ukct ckc5 ?. Omimc`mkm pulm tuims pgkclmcmk  ogrjukisc uktuf `g`ogzmfmk tmdmp  pgkampmcmk5 Mbmfmd tuims aufup fe`plgfs uktuf `g`oelgdfmk  pglmnmr `gkampmc tmdmp ymki `g`omkiimfmk5 1. Mpmfmd ouftc pg`oglmnmrmk ymki fctm oelgd fgkml pmstc5 2. Mpmfmd pgrfmrm/mrtcjmf bmlm`

7. Ydcad tgmadcki strmtgicgs wgrg  pgkimncmk ymki dmrus fctm befu`gk5 gjjgatcvg5 Ydy5

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

===

:. Ydmt wms surprcscki5 7. Qtrmtgic pgkimnmrmk ymki `mkm 9. Ydmt stubgkt-ckctcmtgb matcek bcb  ogrfgsmk5 @gkimpm5 wg ketcag5 :. Mpm m`mt `gkignutfmk / 4. Ydmt wcll wg be bcjjgrgktly kgxt tc`g5 3. Dew wcll wg ouclb ek eur gxpgrcgkag te plmk tdg kgxt ukct5 =8. Dew gjjgatcvgly bcb wg bcjjgrgktcmtg lgmrkcki ck tdcs ukct5 ==. Ydmt amk stubgkts amrry jerwmrb jre` tdcs ukct te tdg kgxt ygmr/lgvgl ej stuby5 =?. Ydcad suongat ireups aeulb wg werf wctd kgxt tc`g5 =1. Ydmt bcb wg lgmrk jre` stmkbmrbczcki tdg mssgss`gkt5

`gkimiu`fmk5 9. Mpm tckbmfmk pglmnmr ymki fctm  pgrmsmk /fgtmduc5 4. Mpm ymki mfmk fctm lmfufmk sgamrm ogrogzm pmbm `msm bgpmk5 3. Omimc`mkm fctm mfmk `gkiiukmfmk pgkimlm`mk fctm `grmkamki ukct ymki sgtgruskym5 =8. Qgnmud `mkm fctm `g`ogzmfmk  pg`oglmnmrmk bc ukct ckc5 ==. Mpm ymki oelgd bcomwm elgd  pglmnmr fg dmbmpmk bmrcpmbm b mrcpmbm ukct ckc uktuf fg pmbm tmduk/pgkimncmk ymki sgtgruskym5 =?. Fu`pulmk suongf `mkmfmd ymki bmpmt fctm ogfgrnmsm`m pmbm `msm mfmk bmtmki5 =1. Mpmfmd ymki bmpmt fctm oglmnmr bmrcpmbm pgkyglmrmsmk pgkclmcmk5

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

==?

OMDMICMK XGKBCBCFMK @GKGKIMD @M_M 

Xgkimnmrmk & Xg`oglmnmrmk Ogrmsmsfmk Ckfucrc

C kq kquc ucrr y O msg sgb b J er R gmadc dcki ki & L gmr kcki kc ki

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

==1

7G @EBGL EJ CKQR_WARCEK

GKIMIG Rdg jcrst pdmsg cs te gkimig tdg stubgkt ck tdg lgmrkcki tmsf. Rdg stubgkt `gktmlly jeausgs ek mk eongat, preolg`, sctumtcek er gvgkt. Rdg matcvctcgs ej tdcs pdmsg sdeulb `mfg aekkgatceks te  pmst mkb juturg matcvctcgs. Rdg aekkgatceks bgpgkb ek tdg lgmrkcki tmsf mkb `my og aekagptuml,  preagburml er ogdmvcerml. Msfcki m qugstcek, bgjckcki m preolg`, sdewcki m bcsargpmkt gvgkt, mkb matcki eut m  preolg`mtca sctumtcek mrg mll wmys te gkimig tdg stubgkts mkb jeaus tdg` ek tdg ckstruatcekml matcvctcgs. Rdg relg ej tdg tgmadgr cs te prgsgkt m sctumtcek mkb cbgktcjy tdg ckstruatcekml tmsf. Rdg tgmadgr mlse sgts tdg rulgs mkb preagburgs jer tdg matcvcty. Rdg Qtubgkt…  Qtubgkt…  -Msfs qugstceks suad ms >

Gxplmck Matcvctcgs Ckctcmtg tdg lgmrkcki tmsf.



Rdg matcvcty sdeulb `mfg aekkgatceks ogtwggk pmst mkb prgsgkt lgmrkcki gxpgrcgkags, mkb mktcacpmtg matcvctcgs mkb erimkczg stubgkts– tdckfcki tewmrb tdg lgmrkcki eutae`gs ej aurrgkt matcvctcgs.   Igkgrmtg cktgrgst   Maagss prcer fkewlgbig   Aekkgat te pmst fkewlgbig   Qgt pmrm`gtgrs ej tdg jeaus   Jrm`g tdg cbgm

  Ydy bcb tdcs dmppgk5   Ydmt be C mlrgmby fkew moeut tdcs5   Ydmt amk C jckb eut moeut tdcs5   Dew amk tdcs preolg`  og selvgb5 





-Qdews cktgrgst ck tepca. -_gspekbs te qugstceks bg`ekstrmtcki tdgcr ewk gktry peckt ej ukbgrstmkbcki.











Rdg Rgmadgr…  Rgmadgr…    _mcsgs qugstceks mkb



 preolg`s.   Glcacts rgspeksgs tdmt ukaevgr stubgkts– aurrgkt fkewlgbig moeut tdg aekagpt/tepca.   Igkgrmtgs cktgrgst.   Igkgrmtgs aurcescty. 





©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

==2

GTXLE_G Ekag tdg matcvctcgs dmvg gkimigb stubgkts, tdgy kggb tc`g te gxplerg tdgcr cbgms. Gxplermtcek matcvctcgs mrg bgscikgb se tdmt mll stubgkts dmvg ae``ek, aekargtg gxpgrcgkags upek wdcad tdgy aektckug ouclbcki aekagpts, preagssgs mkb sfclls. Rdcs pdmsg sdeulb og aekargtg mkb `gmkckijul jer tdg stubgkts. Rdg mc` ej gxplermtcek matcvctcgs cs te gstmolcsd gxpgrcgkags tdmt tgmadgrs mkb stubgkts amk usg lmtgr te jer`mlly cktrebuag mkb bcsauss aektgkt mrgm spgacjca aekagpts, preagssgs, er sfclls. Burcki tdg matcvcty, tdg stubgkts dmvg tc`g ck wdcad tdgy amk gxplerg eongats, gvgkts, er sctumtceks. Ms m rgsult ej tdgcr `gktml mkb pdyscaml ckvelvg`gkt ck tdg matcvcty, tdg stubgkts gstmolcsd rglmtceksdcps, eosgrvg pmttgrks, cbgktcjy vmrcmolgs, mkb qugstcek gvgkts. Rdg tgmadgr–s relg ck tdg gxplermtcek pdmsg cs jcrst mkb jerg`est te sglgat matcvctcgs m atcvctcgs tdmt lgmb te  suostmktcvg aekagpt ouclbcki . Rdg tgmadgr–s relg, tdgk, cs tdmt ej jmaclctmter er aemad. Rdg tgmadgr ckctcmtgs tdg matcvcty mkb mllews tdg stubgkts tc`g mkb eppertukcty te ckvgstcimtg eongats, `mtgrcml, mkb sctumtceks omsgb ek gmad stubgkt–s ewk cbgms mkb pdgke`gkm. Cj amllgb amllgb upek, tdg tgmadgr `my aemad er iucbg stubgkts ms tdgy ogick aekstruatcki kgw gxplmkmtceks. Rdg Qtubgkt…  Qtubgkt…    Rdckfs argmtcvgly wctdck tdg lc`cts ej tdg matcvcty.   Rrcgs mltgrkmtcvgs te selvg m preolg` mkb bcsaussgs tdg` wctd etdgrs.   Quspgkbs nubig`gkt.   Aekbuats matcvctcgs,  prgbcats, mkb jer`s dypetdgsgs er `mfgs igkgrmlczmtceks.   Ogae`gs m ieeb lcstgkgr. 











cbgms mkb   Qdmrgsnubig`gkt. suspgkbs   _gaerbs eosgrvmtceks mkb/er igkgrmlczmtceks.   Bcsauss tgktmtcvg mltgrkmtcvgs. 



©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

Gxplmck Matcvctcgs Xrevcbg stubgkts wctd m ae``ek omsg ej gxpgrcgkags wdcad aurrgkt aekagpts, preagssgs, mkb sfclls mrg cbgktcjcgb mkb bgvglepgb.   Gxpgrcgkag fgy aekagpts.   Bcsaevgr kgw sfclls.   Xreog, ckqucrg, mkb qugstcek gxpgrcgkags.   Gxm`ckg tdgcr tdckfcki.   Gstmolcsd rglmtceksdcps 









mkb ukbgrstmkbcki.

Rdg Rgmadgr…  Rgmadgr…    Glcacts rgspeksgs tdmt ukaevgr stubgkts– aurrgkt fkewlgbig moeut tdg aekagpt/tepca.   _mcsgs qugstceks mkb  preolg`s.   Mats ms m jmaclctmter.   Eosgrvg mkb lcstgks te stubgkts ms tdgy cktgrmat.   Msfs ieeb ckqucryercgktgb qugstceks.   Igkgrmtgs cktgrgst.   Igkgrmtgs aurcescty 













==7

GTXLMCK Gxplmkmtcek `gmks tdg mat er preagss ck wdcad aekagpts, preagss, er sfclls ogae`g plmck, ae`prgdgkscolg, mkb algmr. Rdg preagss ej gxplmkmtcek prevcbgs tdg stubgkts mkb tgmadgr wctd m ae``ek usg ej tgr`s rglmtcvg rglmtcvg te tdg lgmrkcki gxpgrcgkag. Ck tdcs pdmsg, tdg tgmadgr bcrgats stubgkt mttgktcek te spgacjca mspgats ej tdg gkimig`gkt mkb gxplermtcek gxpgrcgkags. Jcrst, tdg tgmadgr msfs tdg stubgkts te icvg tdgcr gxplmkmtceks. Qgaekb, tdg tgmadgr cktrebuags gxplmkmtceks ck m bcrgat mkb jer`ml `mkkgr . Gxplmkmtceks mrg wmys ej erbgrcki mkb icvcki m ae``ek lmkiumig jer tdg gxplermtery gxpgrcgkags. Rdg tgmadgr sdeulb omsg tdg ckctcml pmrt ej tdcs pdmsg ek tdg stubgkts– gxplmkmtceks mkb algmrly aekkgat tdg gxplmkmtceks te gxpgrcgkag gxpgrcgkagss ck tdg gkimig`gkt mkb gxplermtcek pdmsgs ej tdg ckstruatcek `ebgl. Rdg fgy te tdcs pdmsg cs te  prgsgkt tdg aekagpts, preagssgs, er sfclls orcgjly, sc`ply, algmrly, mkb bcrgatly, mkb tdgk aektckug ek te tdg kgxt pdmsg. Rdg Qtubgkt…  Qtubgkt…    Gxplmck pesscolg selutceks er mkswgrs te etdgr stubgkts.   Lcstgk arctcamlly te etdgr stubgkts– gxplmkmtcek.   ]ugstceks etdgr stubgkts– gxplmkmtcek.  gxplmkmtcek.    Lcstgks te mkb trcgs te ae`prgdgkb gxplmkmtceks ejjgrgb oy tdg tgmadgr.   _gjgrs te prgvceus matcvctcgs.   Wsgs rgaerbgb eosgrvmtceks ck gxplmkmtceks.   Wsgs prgvceus eosgrvmtceks mkb jckbckis.   Xrevcbgs rgmsekmolg 















rgspeksgs te qugstceks.

Gxplmck Matcvctcgs Jeaus stubgkts– mttgktcek ek m pmrtcaulmr mspgat ej tdgcr gkimig`gkt mkb gxplermtcek gxpgrcgkags, mkb prevcbg eppertukctcgs jer tgmadgrs te cktrebuag m aekagpt, preagss, er sfcll.   Aekkgat prcer fkewlgbig mkb  omafireukb te kgw bcsaevgrcgs.   Ae``ukcamtg kgw ukbgrstmkbckis.   Aekkgat ckjer`ml lmkiumig te jer`ml lmkiumig. 





Rdg Rgmadgr… Rgmadgr…     Jer`mlly prevcbgs bgjckctceks, gxplmkmtceks mkb kgw veamoulmry.   Wsgs stubgkts–  prgvceus gxpgrcgkags ms tdg omscs jer gxplmckcki aekagpts.   Gkaeurmigs stubgkts te gxplmck tdgcr eosgrvmtceks mkb jckbckis ck tdgcr ewk werbs.   Xrevcbgs bgjckctceks, kgw werbs mkb gxplmkmtceks.   Lcstgks mkb ouclbs upek bcsausscek jer` stubgkts.   Msfs jer almrcjcamtcek mkb nustcjcamtcek. 













  Maagpts mll rgmsekmolg rgspeksgs.

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

==:

GLMOE_MRG Ekag tdg stubgkts dmvg mk gxplmkmtcek ej tdgcr lgmrkcki tmsfs, ct cs c`pertmkt te ckvelvg tdg` ck jurtdgr gxpgrcgkags tdmt mpply, gxtgkb er glmoermtg tdg aekagpts, preagssgs er sfclls. Qe`g stubgkts `my stcll dmvg `csaekagptceks, er tdgy `my ekly ekl y ukbgrstmkb m aekagpt ck tgr`s ej tdg gxplermtery gxpgrcgkag. Glmoermtcek matcvctcgs prevcbg jurtdgr tc`g mkb gxpgrcgkag tdmt aektrcoutg te lgmrkcki. Rdg tgmadgr sdeulb prevcbg eppertukctcgs jer stubgkts te prmatcag tdgcr lgmrkcki ck kgw aektgxts. Rdg Qtubgkt…  Qtubgkt…    Mpplcgs kgw lmogls, bgjckctceks, gxplmkmtceks mkb sfclls ck kgw, out sc`clmr, sctumtceks.   Wsgs prgvceus ckjer`mtcek te msf qugstceks, prepesg selutceks, `mfg bgacsceks, bgscik gxpgrc`gkts.   Brmws rgmsekmolg Aekalusceks jre` gvcbgkag.

Gxplmck Matcvctcgs



aekagpt ogcki gxplergb.







  Xrevcbgs rgmsekmolg aekalusceks mkb selutceks.   _gaerbs eosgrvmtceks, gxplmkmtceks mkb selutceks. 

Admllgkig mkb gxtgkb stubgkts– aekagptuml ukbgrstmkbcki mkb sfclls. Rdreuid kgw gxpgrcgkags, tdg stubgkts bgvglep bggpgr mkb orembgr ukbgrstmkbcki, `erg ckjer`mtcek mkb mbgqumtg sfclls.   Mpply kgw lgmrkcki te m kgw er sc`clmr sctumtcek.   Gxtgkb mkb gxplmck 



Ae``ukcamtg kgw ukbgrstmkbcki wctd jer`ml lmkiumig.

Rdg Rgmadgr…  Rgmadgr…    Gxpgats stubgkts te usg veamoulmry, bgjckctceks mkb gxplmkmtceks prevcbgb  prgvceusly ck kgw aektgxt.   Gkaeurmigs stubgkts te mpply tdg aekagpts mkb sfclls te kgw sctumtceks.   _g`ckbs mkb rgjgrs stubgkts ej mltgrkmtcvg gxplmkmtceks. 







  Wsgs prgvceusly lgmrkgb ckjer`mtcek ms m vgdcalg te gkdmkag mbbctcekml lgmrkcki.   Gkaeurmigs stubgkts te mpply er gxtgkb tdg kgw aekagpts mkb sfclls. 

Gkaeurmigs stubgkts te usg tgr`s mkb bgjckctceks  prgvceusly maqucrgb.

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

==9

GZMLWMRG Mt se`g peckt, ct cs c`pertmkt tdmt stubgkts rgagcvg jggbomaf ek tdg mbgqumay ej tdgcr gxplmkmtceks. Ckjer`ml gvmlumtcek amk eaaur jre` tdg ogickkcki ej tdg tgmadcki sgqugkag. Rdg tgmadgr amk ae`plgtg m jer`ml gvmlumtcek mjtgr tdg glmoermtcek pdmsg. Ms m prmatcaml gbuamtcekml

`mttgr, tgmadgrs `ust mssgss gbuamtcekml eutae`gs. Rdcs cs tdg pdmsg ck wdcad tgmadgrs mb`ckcstgr jer`mtcvg er su``mtcvg gvmlumtceks te bgtgr`ckg gmad stubgkt–s lgvgl ej ukbgrstmkbcki. Rdcs mlse cs tdg c`pertmkt eppertukcty jer stubgkts te usg tdg sfclls tdgy dmvg maqucrgb mkb gvmlumtg tdgcr ukbgrstmkbcki. Rdcs cs mlse tdg tc`g wdgk tdg tgmadgr bgtgr`ckgs wdgtdgr stubgkts dmvg `gt tdg pgrjer`mkag ckbcamters. Rdg Qtubgkt…  Qtubgkt…    Bg`ekstrmtg mk ukbgrstmkbcki er fkewlgbig ej aekagpts mkb sfclls.   Mkswgrs epgk-gkbgb qugstceks oy uscki eosgrvmtceks, gvcbgkag mkb prgvceusly maagptgb gxplmkmtceks.   Gvmlumtg dcs er dgr ewk preirgss mkb 





fkewlgbig.   Msfs rglmtgb qugstceks tdmt weulb gkaeurmig juturg ckvgstcimtceks.   Xrevcbgs rgmsekmolg rgspeksgs mkb gxplmkmtceks te gvgkts er  pdgke`gkm. 

Gxplmck Matcvctcgs Gkaeurmig stubgkts te mssgss tdgcr ukbgrstmkbcki mkb moclctcgs mkb prevcbg eppertukctcgs jer tgmadgrs te gvmlumtg stubgkt  preirgss.   Bg`ekstrmtg ukbgrstmkbcki ej kgw aekagpt oy eosgrvmtcek er epgk-gkbgb rgspeksgs.   Mpply wctdck preolg` 



sctumtcek   Qdew gvcbgkag ej maae`plcsd`gkt. 



Rdg Rgmadgr…  Rgmadgr…    Mssgssgs stubgkts– fkewlgbig mkb sfclls.   Eosgrvg stubgkts ms tdgy mpply kgw aekagpts mkb sfclls.   Leefs jer gvcbgkag tdmt stubgkts dmvg admkigb tdgcr tdckfcki.   Mllew stubgkts te mssgss tdgcr lgmrkcki mkb ireup preagss sfclls. 









  Msfs epgk-gkbgb qugstceks suad ms, Ydy be yeu tdckf..5 Ydmt gvcbgkag be yeu dmvg5 Ydmt be yeu fkew moeut tdg preolg`5 Dew weulb yeu mkswgr tdg qugstcek5   Gkaeurmigs stubgkts te mssgss tdgcr ewk lgmrkcki. 

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

==4

@EBGL CKFWC_C Ckfucrc oelgd bclmfsmkmfmk bmlm` pgkimnmrmk bmk pg`oglmnmrmk (X&X) bgkimk `gkiiukmfmk  pglomimc `ebgl `gkicfut fgsgsumcmk `mtm pglmnmrmk ymki ogrfmctmk. Km`uk ogictu @ebgl Xg`oglmnmrmk 7G mbmlmd `ebgl u`u` ymki sgsumc uktuf bcmbmptmsc bgkimk sg`um `mtm  pglmnmrmk bmlm` furcfulu` fgomkismmk.

@EBGL XG@OGLMNM_MK 7G @ebgl Xg`oglmnmrmk 7G `grupmfmk `ebgl ymki sgrcki bciukmfmk bmlm` `glmfsmkmfmk ckfucrc. @ebgl pg`oglmnmrmk 7G `grupmfmk mbmptmsc `ebgl Oceleicaml Qacgkags Aurrcaulu` Qtuby (OQAQ) 7G Ckstruatcekml @ebgl VKgw Bgsciks jer Glg`gktmry Qadeel Qacgkag mkb Dgmltd (OQAQ, =343)P. 7G `grunuf fgpmbm lc`m jmsm pg`oglmnmrmk cmctu Xglcomtmk (Gkimig`gkt), Xgkgrefmmk (Gxplermtcek), Xgkgrmkimk (Gxplmkmtcek), Xgkig`omkimk ( Glmoermtcek) bmk Xgkclmcmk (Gvmlumtcek). @ebgl Xg`oglmnmrmk 7G `gkimkbukic mftcvctc-mftcvctc ogrjefusfmk pglmnmr. Xglmnmr mfmk `glcomtfmk bcrc, `gkgrefm, `gkgrmki, `gkig`omkifmk bmk `g`oumt pgkclmcmk sgpgrtc ymki bctgrmkifmk bmlm` Nmbuml =.

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

==3

Nmbuml = > Xgkgrmkimk @ebgl Xg`oglmnmrmk 7G Jmsm

Xgkgrmkimk

Xglcomtmk (Gkimig`gkt)

  Iuru `grmkismki `ckbm pglmnmr uktuf `gkc`oulfmk rmsm ckick tmdu pglmnmr.   Iuru `g`pgrfgkmlfmk fektgfs.   Iuru `gkaukifcl pgkigtmdumk sgbcm mbm pglmnmr.   Xglmnmr `g`ockm pg`mdm`mk feksgp ogrbmsmrfmk mftcvctc dmkbs-ek dmkbs-ek..   Xglmnmr `gknmlmkfmk pgkycmsmtmk sgamrm tgroc`ocki mtmu tgroufm omic `gknmwmo pgrsemlmk ymki tglmd tc`oul. 

 

Xgkgrefmmk (Gxplermtcek)







  Xglmnmr `gkamrc `mflu`mt/bmtm `gkiiukmfmk pglomimc su`ogr.   Xglmnmr `gknmlmkfmk pgkycmsmtmk uktuf `gknmkm cbgm 

 omdmru mtmu `gkyglgsmc `msmlmd.   Xglmnmr `grgfm ogktuf bmk `glmfsmkmfmk pgkycmsmtmk.   Xglmnmr `g`ockm pgkgrmkimk bmk cbgm lmknutmk `glmluc rgjlgfsc tgktmki pgkycmsmtmk ymki tglmd bclmfsmkmfmk.   Iuru `g`ogrc ckput omic `gkyg`mf pg`mdm`mk feksgp ymki tglmd bcogktuf elgd pglmnmr.   Xglmnmr `gkig`omkifmk pg`mdm`mk feksgp `glmluc  pgkimplcfmscmk bmlm` sctumsc omdmru.   Xgkclmcmk ogrlmfu bc sgtcmp jmsm omic `gktmfscr 

Xgkgrmkimk (Gxplmkmtcek)





Xgkig`omkimk (Glmoermtcek) Xgkclmcmk (Gvmlumtcek)





 pgrfg`omkimk pglmnmr.   @gkiimlmffmk pglmnmr uktuf `gkclmc pg`mdm`mk bmk fgoelgdmk `grgfm. *Xgkclmcmk oelgd ogrlmfu sgrgktmf bmlm` jmsm-jmsm ymki lmck. 

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=?8

XG_MKMK IW_W BMK XGLMNM_ BMLM@ CKFWC_C Bmlm` `glmfsmkmfmk Ckfucrc, pgrmkmk iuru bmk pglmnmr pgktcki bmlm` `gkgktufmk mftcvctc  ogrlmkisuki sgpgrtc ymki bcrmkamki. Ogrcfut mbmlmd pgrmkmk iuru bmk pglmnmr bmlm` ckfucrc. Nmbuml ? > Xgrmkmk Iuru bmk Xglmnmr bmlm` Ckfucrc JMQM

Xglcomtmk (Gkimig`gkt)

RCKBMFMK IW_W

  @gwunubfmk pgrsgfctmrmk  pg`oglmnmrmk uktuf `gkmrcf `ckmt bmk pgrdmtcmk pglmnmr.   @grmkismki pgrmsmmk ckick tmdu pglmnmr.

  @gkuknuffmk `ckmt bmlm` tepcf tgrsgout.   Ogrtmkym semlmk sgpgrtc >   “@gkimpm ckc ogrlmfu5‐  ogrlmfu5‐    “Mpm ymki smym submd tmdu

  @gkc`oulfmk semlmk.   @gkbmpmtfmk `mflu`  omlms ymki `gkbgbmdfmk mpm ymki pglmnmr tmdu mtmu jcfcrfmk tgktmki sgsumtu feksgp mtmu tepcf.   @gkiimlmffmk pglmnmr 

tgktmki pgrfmrm ckc5‐  ckc5‐    “Mpm ymki oelgd smym fgtmduc tgktmki pgrfmrm ckc5‐  ckc5‐ 











Xgkgrefmmk

XG_MKMK XGLMNM_ 



  Ogrjcfcr sgamrm tgroufm

(Gxplermtcek)

uktuf ogfgrnmsm`m tmkpm mrmdmk bmrcpmbm iuru.   @g`grdmtc bmk `gkbgkimr `urcb sg`msm `grgfm ogrcktgrmfsc.   @g`oc`ocki pglmnmr bgkimk semlmk bmrc sg`msm fg sg`msm uktuf `g`omktu  pgkycmsmtmk.   @g`ogrc rumki fgpmbm  pglmnmr uktuf `g`cfcrfmk tgktmki pgrsemlmk.   Ogrtckbmf sgomimc runuf.   @gkckifmtfmk sg`mkimt ckick tmdu pglmnmr.

bmlm` rumki lckifup  pgrsemlmk ymki bcscmsmt.   @gkiunc rm`mlmk bmk dcpetgscs.   @g`ogktuf rm`mlmk bmk dcpetgscs omdmru.   @gkgrefm bmk `g`ockamkifmk mltgrkmtcj lmck.   @grgfeb pg`grdmtcmk bmk cbgm.   Ogrtmkymfmk semlmk ymki  ogrfmctmk.   @gkmkiiudfmk fgputusmk sgdckiim `g`pgrelgdc bmtm sefekimk ymki `gkaufupc.

  @gkiimlmffmk pglmnmr uktuf `gkgrmki bmk `gkbgjckcscfmk feksgp `gkiiukmfmk pgrfmtmmk sgkbcrc.

  @gkgrmkifmk ambmkimk  pgkyglgsmcmk bmk nmwmpmk.   @gkbgkimr pgkgrmkimk  pglmnmr lmck sgamrm frctcfml.











Xgkgrmkimk (Gxplmkmtcek)



















©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=?=

  @g`cktm nustcjcfmsc (gvcbgks) bmk pgknglmsmk bmrcpmbm pglmnmr.   @gknglmsfmk bgjckcsc,  pgkgrmkimk bmk pglmoglmk  omdmru sgfcrmkym pgrlu.   @gkiiukmfmk  pgkimlm`mk sgbcm mbm pglmnmr sgomimc msms uktuf `gkgrmkifmk feksgp.   @gktmfscr pgkckifmtmk  pg`mdm`mk pglmnmr.   @g`mstcfmk pglmnmr

  @gkyeml pgkgrmkimk  pglmnmr lmck.   @gkbgkimr bmk auom `g`mdm`c pgkgrmkimk iuru.   @grunuf fgpmbm mftcvctc tgrbmdulu.   @gkygbcmfmk pgkgrmkimk `gkiiukmfmk `mflu`mt  pg`grdmtcmk.   @gkclmc fgjmdm`mk sgkbcrc.

`gkiiukmfmk bgjckcsc bmk  pgknglmsmk ymki tglmd bcogrcfmk.   @gkiimlmffmk pglmnmr uktuf `gkimplcfmscfmk feksgp bmk fg`mdcrmk bc bmlm` sctumsc ymki omdmru.   @gkickimtfmk pglmnmr fgpmbm pgkgrmkimk mltgrkmtcj.   Xglmnmr bc`cktm uktuf `grunuf bmtm bmk gvcbgks bmk

 pgknglmsmk bmk fg`mdcrmk bmlm` sctumsc ymki omdmru ymki dm`pcr sm`m.   @gkiiukmfmk pgkigtmdumk sgbcm mbm uktuf `gkyeml, `gkambmkifmk pgkyglgsmcmk, `g`oumt fgputusmk bmk `grgfm ogktuf pgkycmsmtmk.   @g`oumt fgsc`pulmk `ukmsmomd ogrbmsmrfmk gvcbgks.



















Xgkig`omkimk (Glmoermtcek)









  @gkimplcfmsc bgjckcsc,







Xgkclmcmk (Gvmlumtcek)

 ogrtmkym semlmk ogrcfut >   “Mpm ymki tglmd mkbm

  @grgfeb pg`grdmtcmk bmk  pgkgrmkimk.

tmdu‐5  tmdu‐5    “Fgkmpm mkbm ogrjcfcr sgbg`cfcmk5‐   sgbg`cfcmk5‐

  @gkyg`mf fgjmdm`mk  pglmnmr lmck.

  @g`grdmtc pglmnmr mpmoclm `grgfm `gkimplcfmscfmk feksgp bmk fg`mdcrmk omdmru.   @gktmfscr pgkigtmdumk bmk fg`mdcrmk pglmnmr.   @g`grdmtcfmk gvcbgks ymki `gkuknuffmk  pgruomdmk tckifmd lmfu bmk  pg`cfcrmk pglmnmr.

  @gknmwmo semlmk tgroufm `gkiiukmfmk pg`grdmtcmk, gvcbgk bmk pgknglmsmk ymki tglmd bctgrc`m.   @g`pm`grfmk fgjmdm`mk/pgkigtmdumk tgktmki sumtu feksgp mtmu fg`mdcrmk.   @gkclmc fg`mnumk bmk  pgkigtmdumk fgkbcrc.

















©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=??

  @g`ogkmrfmk pglmnmr   @gkimnufmk semlmk uktuf `gktmfscr pg`oglmnmrmk `gkiimlmffmk pgkycmsmtmk fgkbcrc. sglmknutkym.   @gkimnufmk semlmk tgroufm sgpgrtc ogrcfut >   “@gkimpm mkbm ogrjcfcr sgbg`cfcmk5‐ sgbg`cfcm k5‐     “Mpmfmd gvcbgks ymki `gkyefeki bmpmtmk mkbm5‐  mkbm5‐    “Mpm mkbm tmdu tgktmki x5‐   x5‐   “Omimc`mkm mkbm `gkgrmkifmk x5‐  x5‐  Mbmptmsc Xgrmkmk Iuru bmk Xglmnmr bmlm` Xgkimnmrmk bmk Xg`oglmnmrmk Ckfucrc. 





(Oyogg, ?88:)

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=?1

RGFKCF XGKSEMLMK @EBGL XG@OGLMNM_MK 7G Rgfkcf pgkyemlmk fgkbcrc bmpmt `grmkismki bcrc pglmnmr uktuf `gkiimlmffmk `grgfm `gknmkm pg`cfcrmk frgmtcj bmk frctcs sg`msm ckfucrc. Xgkyemlmk fgkbcrc bciukmfmk >

             















@gkclmc pgkigtmdumk sgbcm mbm @gkc`oulfmk `ckmt @g`ockm pg`mdm`mk ymki `gkbmlm` @g`mktmpfmk pg`oglmnmrmk @grmkismki pg`cfcrmk frctcs @gktmfscr pg`oglmnmrmk bmk fg`mnumk @gkgrefm pmkbmkimk mltgrkmtcj.

XGKILCOMRMK

XGKG_EFMMK

XGKG_MKIMK

XGKIG@OMKIMK

XGKCLMCMK

(GKIMIG)

(GTXLE_G)

(GTXLMCK)

(GLMOE_MRG)

(GZMLWMRG)

Fg`ufmfmk Qemlmk Qgogkmr

@gkamrc Qu`ogr

Cktgrprgtmsc @mflu`mt

Fg`ufmfmk Qemlmk Qgogkmr

_gjlgfsc

Mpmfmd ymki smym ckick tmdu5

Mpmfmd su`ogr ymki `g`omktu5

Mbmfmb bmtm rglgvmk5

Mpm jmftm utm`m smym5

Mpm ymki smym  pglmnmrc5

Mpm ymki smym submd tmdu5

Bc `mkmfmd su`ogr oelgd bcpgrelgdc5

Omdmicmk `mkm ymki `gkyefeki bmtm5

Qcmpmfmd smsmrmk smym5

Mpmfmd ymki tglmd smym lmfufmk5

mimc`mkm smym tmdu5

Mbmfmd su`ogr ctu smd5

Bmtm `mkm ymki tcbmf `gkyefeki5

Mpm lmic ymki  pgktcki5

Mbmfmd ymki smym lmfufmk ctu ogtul5

Mpmfmd  nmwmpmkkym

Mbmfmd tgrbmpmt

Mbmfmd tgfkcf

Omimc`mkm smym

Mpmfmd ambmkimk bmk

5

su`ogr lmck5

 pgkyemlmk  ogtul5

`glmperfmk5

c`plcfmsckym5

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=?2

OMDMICMK XGKBCBCFMK @GKGKIMD @M_M 

Aekted-aekted _XD Quongf FQQ@

 Qm`  Qm `plgs lgs ej F QQ@ QQ @ Lg L gsse ssek Xlmks Xlmks ( O y Quon Quon gats)

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=?7

_MKAMKIMK XGKIMNM_MK DM_CMK QWONGF > OMDMQM @GLMSW RCKIFMRMK

?

RM_CFD

?9 NWK ?8=4

RG@XMR

@MF@ML FE@XWRG_ ?

RG@M/REXCF/

@CKIIW

1

FGLMQ

?8=

@MQM

3.18-=8.18 XMIC

FGDMBC_MK

/?3

FGQCDMRMK BMK FGOG_QCDMK

OCBMKI XG@OGLMNM_MK

QRMKBM_B FMKBWKIMK

QRMKBM_B XG@OGLMNM_MK

EONGFRCJ XG@OGLMNM_MK/ F_CRG_CM FGNMSMMK

LMKIFMDLMKIFMD

XGKILCOMRMK

=.= @gkbgkimr, `gkigkml pmstc bmk `gkygout pgrfmtmmk, rmkifmc fmtm, cstclmd bmk ukifmpmk sgrtm cktekmsc mymt bmlm` pglomimc unmrmk.

=.=.= @gkbgkimr, `gkigkml pmstc bmk `gkygout pgrfmtmmk, rmkifmc fmtm, cstclmd bmk ukifmpmk bmlm`  pglomimc unmrmk bgkimk bgkimk ogtul bmk tgpmt.

Xmbm mfdcr pgkimnmrmk bmk pg`oglmnmrmk, pglmnmr bmpmt >

c.@gkbgkimr amrm sgoutmk pgrfmtmmk, rmkifmc fmtm, cstclmd bmk ukifmpmk u kifmpmk bmlm` pglomimc unmrmk bgkimk  ogtul bmk tgpmt ogrbmsmrfmk ogrbmsmrfmk rmfm`mk mubce pgtcf pgtcfmk mk bcmlei. cc.@gkigkml pmstc bmk `gkygout tcim pgrfmtmmk, tcim rmkifmc fmtm, tcim cstclmd bmk tcim ukifmpmk bmlm`  pglomimc unmrmk bgkimk bgkimk ogtul bmk tgpmt. MFRCZCRC XGKIMNM_MK BMK XG@OGLMNM_MK  c.  Xglmnmr `glcdmt im`omr ymki bcpmkamrfmk elgd iuru tgktmki befter ymki sgbmki `g`grcfsm pgsmfct. Fg`ubcmk  pglmnmr bc`cktm `gkacptm bcmlei  ogrfmctmk sctumsc tgrsgout. Iuru  ogrseml nmwmo nmwmo bgkimk pglmn pglmnmr mr bmk

`gkimctfmk nmwmpmk pglmnmr bgkimk csc pglmnmrmk pmbm dmrc ckc. cc.  Xglmnmr bc`cktm uktuf `gkbgkimr amrm sgoutmk  pgrfmtmmk, rmkifmc fmtm, cstclmd bmk ukifmpmk bmlm` pglomimc unmrmk bgkimk ogtul bmk tgpmt  ogrbmsmrfmk rmfm`mk mubce tgktmki pgroumlmk mktmrm befter bgkimk pgsmfct. ccc.  Xglmnmr bc`cktm uktuf `gkygout sg`ulm pgrfmtmmk, rmkifmc fmtm, cstclmd bmk ukifmpmk bmlm` pglomimc unmrmk bgkimk ogtul bmk tgpmt.

XGKRMFQC_MK JE_@MRCJ 

XG@OG^MMK  

Qemlmk> Mpmfmd ymki mkbm lcdmt bmrcpmbm im`omr ckc5 Mpmfmd bcmlei ymki sglmlu bcocamrmfmk elgd befter bgkimk pgsmfct5 Omimc`mkmfmd mkbm -tmdu `gkigkmckym5

Qgkmrmc pgrfmtmmk, rmkifmc fmtm, cstclmd bmk ukifmpmk ymki tgrbmpmt bmlm` pgtcfmk bcmlei.

Xg`grcfsmmk, befter, tgruffmd ogkifmfkym, bcnmkifctc pgkymfct ckc, `msmlmd, bgkyutmk kmbc,

-

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=?:

cv.  Xglmnmr bcfgdgkbmfc `gkymtmfmk acrc-acrc pgrfmtmmk rmkifmc fmtm, cstclmd bmk ukifmpmk. v.  Xglmnmr bc`cktm uktuf `gkimsckifmk pgrfmtmmk, rmkifmc fmtm, cstclmd bmk ukifmpmk bmlm` ogktuf pgtm  pg`cfcrmk ymki sgsumc. sgsumc.

ker`ml, fg`grmd-`grmdmk, sgogkmrkym, fgrmbmkimk tekscl, bcnmkifctc pgkymfct ckc,  nmkimk oc`omki, c`ukcsmsc,  omftgrcm, `gkidcbmp,  pgkymfct sglmlukym bmtmki, imym dcbup scdmt, tgrc`m fmscd. @gkigkml pmstc acrc-acrc  pgrfmtmmk, rmkifmc fmtm, cstclmd bmk ukifmpmk bmk `gkimsckifmkkym bmlm`  ogktuf pgtm pg`cfcrmk (pgtm  pefef).

Qemlmk FOMR Ogrbmsmrfmk mubce tgrsgout kymtmfmk aekted  pgrfmtmmk, rmkifmc fmtm, cstclmd bmk ukifmpmk.

@gkimpmfmd fctm pgrlu `gkiiukmfmk pgrfmtmmk, rmkifmc fmtm, cstclmd bmk ukifmpmk ymki tgpmt bmlm`  pgroumlmk5

Mpmfmd pgrogzmmk mktmrm pgrfmtmmk, rmkifmc fmtm, cstclmd bmk ukifmpmk5 Omimc`mkmfmd amrm uktuf `g`mstcfmk `gsgn bmpmt bcsm`pmcfmk bgkimk  ogrfgsmk5

Rmnuf tuimsmk >

- 

Xmrm pglmnmr bcomdmicfmk fgpmbm lc`m fu`pulmk.

- 

XGKG_EFMMK

Xglmnmr pgrlu `gkimfsgs Cktgrkgt uktuf `gkbmpmtfmk `mflu`mt tgktmki pglomimc ngkcs  pgkymfct.

- 

Qgtcmp fu`pulmk mfmk bcogrcfmk smtu tmnuf ogrfmctmk  pgkymfct tgrtgktu.

- 

Qgtcmp fu`pulmk bc`cktm `g`msuffmk sgfurmki-

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

Irmjjctc Ymll (pglmnmr `gkamtmt `mflu`mt bmlm`  ogktuf jmftm, pgkbmpmt ckbcvcbu bmk im`omr  ogrfmctmk tuimsmk fu`pulmk). Xg`ogktmkimk `mflu`mt.

Xglmnmr bcomdmicfmk fgpmbm 7 fu`pulmk uktuf `glmfsmkmfmk tuimsmk ogrcfut > Fu`pulmk = > Xgkymfct nmktuki Fu`pulmk ?> Xgkymfct bmrmd tckiic

=?9

furmkikym 2 pgrfmtmmk, 2 rmkifmc fmtm, 2 cstclmd bmk 2 ukifmpmk.

c.Xglmnmr bc`cktm `g`ogktmkifmk dmscl fgrnm fu`pulmk bgkimk cktekmsc mymt bmlm` pglomimc unmrmk.

XGKG_MKIMK

cc.Xglmnmr-pglmnmr lmck `gkig`ufmfmk semlmk fgpmbm fu`pulmk pg`ogktmki uktuf `gkm`omdfmk `mflu`mt bmk cbgm.

Aekted semlmk>

-  Kymtmfmk pukam utm`m  pgkymfct tgrsgout5 Omimc`mkmfmd rmwmtmk trmbcscekml bmpmt `grmwmt  pgkymfct ckc5

XGKIG@OMKIMK

c.Qgtcmp fu`pulmk bc`cktm `gkidmsclfmk smtu pm`jlgt  ogrfmctmk ngkcs-ngkcs pgkymfct ymki tglmd bcogktmkifmk sgoglu` ckc.

Fu`pulmk 1> Xgkymfct fgkacki `mkcs Fu`pulmk 2> Xgkymfct bg`m` bgkiic Fu`pulmk 7> Eogsctc

Qemlmk FOMR c.  Qgout `mkm-`mkm `mkm-`mkm tcim  pgrfmtmmk, tcim rmkifmc rmkifmc fmtm, tcim cstclmd bm bmk k tckifmt ukifmpmk ymki mkbm pgrelgd bmrcpmbm dmscl pg`ogktmkimk rmfmk.

-  Ogrseml nmwmo ogrfmctmk  pgkymfct. Aektedkym tgktmki tgktmki  pukam, lmkifmd, fgsmk

Aekted-aekted ( pm`jlgt).   pm`jlgt). 

prebuf

cc.Xglmnmr bcfgdgkbmfc `grunuf Fm`us Bgwmk Omdmsm uktuf `gkbmpmtfmk `mfsub ymki tgpmt  omic pgrfmtmmk, rmkifmc fmtm, cstclmd bmk ukifmpmk.

XGKCLMCMK

XGKWRWX/ _W@WQMK

@gkigkml pmstc bmk `gkygout  pgrfmtmmk, rmkifmc fmtm, cstclmd bmk ukifmpmk bmlm` pglomimc unmrmk bgkimk ogtul bmk tgpmt.

Xglmnmr `g`oumt rgjlgfsc bgkimk amrm `gkulcs bc mtms fgrtms stcafy fgrtms  stcafy ketg.. ketg @grgfm `gkymtmfmk  pgkbmpmt `grgfm/ pgrmsmmk/  pmkbmkimk ogrfmctmk tepcf mtmu  pbp pmbm dmrc ctu. Iuru `g`ogrcfmk rgspeks bmk `gru`usfmk sgamrm fgsglurudmk  ogrbmsmrfmk pgkbmpmt pglmnmr. pglmnmr.

-

Ruimsmk fu`pulmk >

-Qgtcmp fu`pulmk bc`cktm `gkidmsclfmk smtu  pm`jlgt ymki  ogrogzm ogktuf `gkicfut frgmtcvctc fu`pulmk `mscki`mscki.

@gkygout sgfurmkifurmkikym tcim pgrfmtmmk, tcim rmkifmc fmtm, tcim cstclmd bmk tcim ukifmpmk bmlm`  pglomimc unmrmk bgkimk ogtul bmk tgpmt.

- 

-

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=?4

GLG@GK

c. 

Omdmsm- Mspgf sgoutmk

@G_GKRMQ FW_CFWLW@ (G@F)

KCLMC / QCFMX

QR_MRGIC

XG@OGLMNM_MK MOMB FG-?=

cc.  Frgmtcvctc bmk ckevmsc ccc.  Rgfkeleic @mflu`mt bmk Fe`ukcfmsc (R@F) cv.  Qmcks bmk Rgfkeleic

-

Fgogrscdmk jczcfml bmk `gktml Fgrnmsm`m Qg`mkimt ogr`msymrmfmt Fgogrmkcmk

-

Xgkbgfmtmk Xg`oglmnmrmk ogrmsmsfmk ckfucrc FOMR (`gkimkmlcscs `gkclmc bmk `gkacptm) Xg`oglmnmrmk Fepgrmtcj

-

Ogrpusmtfmk pglmnmr Xgkiiukmmk tgfkeleic Frgmtcvctc Fe`ukcfmsc Mftcvctc ‑  Mftcvctc  ‑  irmjjcty  irmjjcty wmll , tuimsmk ogrfu`pulmk, `gkidmsclfmk pm`jlgt



OMDMK OMKRW OGLMNM_/ QW@OG_/ _WNWFMK

_GJLGFQC

 

c.  _mfm`mk mubce ‑   Bcmlei pg`grcfsmmk fgscdmtmk bmlm` dttp>//oufutgfs.bop.iev.`y/`gbcm/`gbcm/KWd?dDpqpa.`p1 (?9/:/?8=4) dttp>//oufutgfs.bop.iev.`y/`gbcm/`gbcm/KWd?dDpqpa.`p1  cc.  Im`omr ccc.  Fe`putgr /Cktgrkgt /LAB cv.  Fmb mrmdmk tuimsmk ogrfu`pulmk v.  Fgrtms sgomf bmk mlmt tulcs vc.  Fm`us Bgwmk Omdmsm Gbcsc fgg`pmt

lm`mk

wgo

c.Iuru `gkgfmkfmk fg`mdcrmk `gkamrc `mflu`mt bmrcpmbm su`ogr ymki smdcd bmk tgpmt fgpmbm sgtcmp fu`pulmk pglmnmr. Aektedkym, pglmnmr `gkulcs ckje/ jmftm tgktmki pglomimc ngkcs pgkymfct www.ckjescdmt.iev.`y..  bgkimk `gkimfsgs fg lm`mk sgsmwmki ymki sgsumc aektedkym>  aektedkym>  www.ckjescdmt.iev.`y cc.Bmlm` sgsc pgkimnmrmk pgkimnmrmk bmk pg`oglmnmrmk ckc, ?3/?3 pglmnmr bmpmt `gkiumsmc fg`mdcrmk `gkbgkimr bmk ogrtutur bgkimk smkimt omcf mpmoclm `grgfm ogrnmym `gkigkml pmstc bmk `gkygout pgrfmtmmk, rmkifmc fmtm, cstclmd bmk ukifmpmk sgrtm cktekmsc mymt bmlm` pglomimc unmrmk bgkimk b gkimk tgpmt bmk ogtul. ccc.Fglc`m-lc`m mftcvc ccc.Fglc`m-lc`m mftcvctc tc ymki ogrlmkisuki bgkimk sm smkimt kimt omcf bm bmk k `gwunubfmk fgagrcm fgagrcmmk mk bc bmlm` fglms dmscl rgspeks pglmnmr ymki premftcj. cv.Ymlmu omimc`mkmpuk iuru oelgd `gkm`omd semlmk-semlmk ogrampmd ymki lgocd `gkamomr pmbm sgsc pgkimnmrmk mfmk bmtmki uktuf `gkbereki pglmnmr ogrjcfcr lgocd lums.

-_XD ckc oelgd bciukmfmk uktuf ? mtmu 1 pgrtg`umk. AMRMRMK

Aekted Amtmtmk> -? ermki pglmnmr (@udm`mb M`crul bmk Kurul Mckm) tcbmf bmpmt dmbcr fgrmkm pgric fg flckcf. -Ruimsmk bcogrcfmk fgpmbm pglmnmr cmctu lmtcdmk `g`ockm mymt ogrfmctmk aekted pgrfmtmmmk, rmkifmc fmtm, cstclmd & ukifmpmk.

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=?3

LM@XC_MK>

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=18

BMCLS LGQQEK XLMK  QWONGAR > GKILCQD  JE_@  RM_CFD 

?

ALMQQ  YGGF  

ZGKWG 

RC@G 

= deur

MRRGKBMKAG 

RDG@G/REXCA/ 

XGEXLG & AWLRW_G > OEBS C@MIG (KRO ?) LGM_KCKI M_GM 

@MCK QFCLL> Lctgrmturg ck Matcek 7.= Gkimig wctd, rgspekb te mkb cktgrprgt m vmrcgty ej lctgrmry tgxt

AEKRGKR QRMKBM_B 

typgs. 7.1 Gxprgss mk c`mickmtcvg rgspeksg te lctgrmry tgxts. Ae`plg`gktmry Qfcll> Lcstgkcki =.= Wkbgrstmkb `gmkcki ck m vmrcgty ej jm`clcmr aektgxts.

@MCK QFCLL> LcM 7.=.? Cbgktcjy mkb bgsarcog ck sc`plg lmkiumig tdg fgy admrmatgrs mkb tdg`gs ck m tgxt. LGM_KCKI QRMKBM_B 

Ae`plg`gktmry Qfcll> Lcstgkcki =.=.= Wkbgrstmkb ckbgpgkbgktly ttdg dg `mck cbgms ck sc`plg sc`plg lekigr tgxts ek m rmkig ej jm`clcmr tepcas & LcM > 7.1.= _gspekb c`mickmtcvgly mkb cktgllcicoly tdreuid argmtcki oemrb im`gs, puzzlgs mkb quczzgs. Oy tdg gkb ej tdg lgssek, pupcls pup cls wcll og molg te >

LGM_KCKI EONGARCZGQ/ QWAAGQQ A_CRG_CM 

QRGXQ  GKIMIG@GKR 

=. 

Cbgktcjy mkb bgsarcog ck sc`plg lmkiumig tdg fgy admrmatgrs mkb tdg`gs ck m tgxt oy ae`cki eut wctd `gmkcki mkb `gssmigs ogdckb tdg lctgrmry tgxt (seki). ?.  Wkbgrstmkb ckbgpgkbgktly tdg `mck cbgms ck sc`plg lekigr tgxts ek m rmkig ej jm`clcmr tepcas  oy jcllcki ck tdg olmkfs olmkfs ck tdg seki lyrcas. 1.  _gspekb argmtcvgly mkb arctcamlly te tdg tmsf oy argmtcki m pesctcvg p esctcvg ogmuty mbvgrtcsg`gkt.

RGMADCKI & LGM_KCKI MARCZCRCGQ 

JE_@MRCZG MQQGQQ@GKR 

Lyrcas te tdg seki “Qamrs te Seur Ogmutcjul‐ oy Mlgsscm Amrm cs bcstrcoutgb te tdg stubgkts. Rdg lyrcas aektmck se`g olmkfgb eut werbs. Jer stmrtgrs, stubgkts jcll ck tdg  olmkfs ogjerg tdg seki cs plmygb. Rdgk, R plmys tdg seki twcag wdclg stubgkts ae`plgtg tdg lyrcas.

BCJJG_GKRCMRCEK 

Qtrmtgiy ?> Bcjjgrgktcmtg oy tdg tmsf pupcls mrg icvgk

ZCBGE ALCX

MBZG_RCQG@GKR/ AE@@G_ACML

Qtubgkts mrg icvgk =7 `ckutgs te bcsauss tdg tdg`gs, `gssmigs mkb tdg `gmkcki ej tdg seki. (R iucbg iu cbg stubgkts ek dew te brmw

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=1=

GTXLE_MRCEK 

aekkgatcek ogtwggk tdg seki mkb tdg tepca —Oeby C`mig–)  C`mig–)  Jer tdg sgaekb pmrt ej tdg lgssek, stubgkts mrg bcvcbgb ckte 2 ireups. Gmad ireup rgagcvgs m  prckt-eut vgrscek ej m ogmuty mbvgrtcsg`gkt. Omsgb ek tdg  pmrtcaulmr ogmuty mb, gmad ireup c`prevcsg tdg ogmuty mb se tdmt ct sgkbs m pesctcvg `gssmig moeut  oeby c`mig.

GTXLMKMRCEK 

I_MQXQ

Jer tdcs tmsf, m pcgag ej aeleurgb  pmpgr cs bcstrcoutgb te gmad ireup. Rdg ireup aut eut pcaturgs mkb werbs jre` tdg ercickml mb / brmw b rmw c`migs jre` sarmtad te ae`g eut wctd mk c`prevgb ogmuty mb tdmt sgkbs m pesctcvg `gssmig moeut

1 QR_MS, = QRMS

Qtrmtgiy 1> Bcjjgrgktcmtg oy tdg typg mkb m`eukt ej suppert  prevcbgb

 ogmuty. Qtubgkts mrg rgqucrgb te quetg se`g pmrts ej tdg lyrcas te suppert supper t tdg `gssmig ogdckb tdgcr c`prevcsgb —ogmuty mb–.  mb–.  

GLMOE_MRCEK 

GZMLWMRCEK 

Ireups prgsgkt tdgcr c`prevcsgb  ogmuty mb uscki 1 strmy, strmy, = stmy.

Ms rgjlgatcek, stubgkts wrctg tdgcr vcgws ek tdg —preolg`s– wctd tdg `gssmigs ej aurrgkt ogmuty mbs tdgy sgg ek `mss `gbcm ck tdgcr  neurkml.

ALEQW_G/  QW@@M_CQMRCEK 

A_EQQ AW__CAWLW@ GLG@GKR 

 Keolg vmlugs

ZMLWG / QCFMX 

Aeepgrmtcek, fckb

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=1?

QR_MRGIS 

?=st LGM_KCKI MARCZCRCGQ 

RGMADCKI & LGM_KCKI MCBQ/ 

Xreolg`-selvcki

1 Qtrmy, = stmy, I_MQXQ

=.  ?. 

Qamrs te Seur Ogmutcjul >  >  www.yeutuog.ae`/wmtad5v0@YMQgmSuD^e www.yeutuog.ae`/wmtad5v0@YMQgmSuD^e Xrckt-eut mbs> dttps>//`ca.ae`/mrtcalgs/==491:/mbs-mreukb-tdg-werlb-cllustrmtg-m-surprcscki preolg`-wctd-ogmuty-stmkbmrbs  preolg`-wctd-ogmuty-stmkbmrbs  

QEW_AGQ/ 

QAM_Q-LS_CAQ ZCBGE.`p2 _GJG_GKAGQ 

_GJLGARCEK  

1. 

 

MLGQQCM AM_M ZCB ZCBGE.`p2 GE.`p2 2.    @estly, stubgkts gkneygb tdg usg ej sekis mkb vcbges, ck mky lgssek. Rdgrg wgrg se`g stubgkts wde fkgw tdg seki oy dgmrt se etdgr pggrs stmrtgb te pggf jer mkswgrs. Rdg wgmfgr stubgkt rgqucrgb `erg iucbmkag gspgacmlly wctd tdg prgsgkag ej slmki / maagkt ck tdg seki. Ydmt C jeukb `est dglpjul wms rgqucrcki tdg stubgkts te jcll ck tdg olmkfs ogjerg o gjerg plmycki tdg seki, ms mt lgmst tdgy iet ie t tdg cbgm wdmt tdg seki cs moeut.

Rdcs ukct dms dglpgb tdg stubgkts te bgvglep `estly amrcki, epgk-`ckbgb epgk -`ckbgb mkb rgjlgatcvg lgmrkgr prejclgs ck gvmlumtcki tdgcr rglmtceksdcps wctd tdgcr jrcgkbs mkb dew tdgy vcgw pgeplg ms m wdelg ‑  wdelg  ‑  ket  ket nust nubicki ek tdg surjmag. Qe`g ej tdg bcjjcaultcgs gkaeuktgrgb wdclg amrrycki eut tdg tmsf wms iucbcki stubgkts eut ej tdgcr —ae`jert zekgs– suad ms tgmadcki tdg` moeut dew bcjjgrgkt aulturgs dmvg bcjjgrgkt pgragptceks ej ogmuty. Ydcad, icvgk m `mnercty ej tdg stubgkts– omafireukbs, stubgkts– omafireukbs, cs se`gtdcki tdgy tdgy mrg ket gxpesgb te. Jer tdg mb matcvcty, stubgkts wgrg ireupgb omsgb ek bcjjgrgkt prejcacgkay lgvgls te mllew samjjelbcki te tmfg plmag. C@X_EZG@GKR> Msscik relgs te gmad `g`ogr ck tdg ireup se tdmt gvgryekg dms sdmrgb rgspekscoclcty. rgspe kscoclcty.

_G@M_FQ 

Xgrsekml rgspeksg ek tdg tepca bcsaussgb cs icvgk ms de`gwerf de `gwerf ck tdgcr neurkml.

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=11

Mttmad`gkts I em emll >

Seur ieml cs te c`prevg tdg aurrgkt stmkbmrb ej ogmuty mbs tdmt be ket sgkb pesctcvg `gssmigs moeut ogmuty.

_ el elg g >

Seu mrg m `g`ogr ej WKCAGJ.

 M ubc ubcgkag gkag >

Ae``ukcty

 Q ctumtcek >

Seu kggb te ae`g eut wctd mk mltgrkmtcvg ogmuty mb tdmt cs `erg pesctcvg ae`pmrgb te tdg ercickml mb.

Xr eb ebuat uat >

Seu wcll aut eut pcaturgs mkb werbs jre` tdg ercickml mb / brmw c`migs jre` sarmtad te ae`g eut wctd mk c`prevgb ogmuty mb tdmt sgkbs m pesctcvg `gssmigs. ]uetg m lckg / pdrmsg ej tdg lyrcas te suppert tdg `gssmig ogdckb tdgcr c`prevcsgb —ogmuty mb–. mb–.

 Q tmkbmrbs tmkbmrbs >

Seu sdeulb og molg te>

c.

sdew gxagllgkt ukbgrstmkbcki ej ckjer`mtcek, `mck cbgms mkb suppertcki bgtmcls ms wgll ms brmw aekalusceks ck tdg vcbge.

cc. 

gkimig tdereuidly wctd tdg mb oy cbgktcjycki cbgms, epckceks mkb mttctubgs te ae`g eut wctd m ogttgr vgrscek ej mk mb.  

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=12

OGMWRS AM@XMCIK ZCBGEQ

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=17

BMCLS LGQQEK XLMK QWONGAR> QACGKAG JE_@

?

BMRG

ALMQQ YGGF

RC@G

ZGKWG

MRRGKBMKAG

RDG@G/REXCA/

Gmrtd mkb Qpmag gxplermtcek LGM_KCKI M_GM

AEKRGKR QRMKBM_B

LGM_KCKI QRMKBM_B

Etdgr Eongats ck Rdg Qelmr Qe lmr Qystg`> @gtgerecbs, Mstgrecbs mkb Ae`gts =1.=.= Ae``ukcamtg ek etdgr eongats ck tdg selmr systg`, suad ms `gtgerecbs, mstgrecbs mkb ae`gts. =1.=.? Bcsauss tdg `evg`gkts ej `gtgerecbs, mstgrecbs mkb ae`gts mkb tdgcr gjjgats ek tdg Gmrtd  omsgb ek bmtm. =1.=.1 Igkgrmtg cbgms ek dew te rgbuag er prgvgkt tdg pesscoclcty ej mstgrecbs aellcbcki wctd tdg Gmrtd.

Mt tdg gkb ej tdg lgssek, stubgkt cs molg te> LGM_KCKI EONGARCZGQ/ QWAAGQQ A_CRG_CM

QRGXQ

GKIMIG@GKR

(m)  (o)  (a)

ae`pmrg mkb aektrmst ogtwggk `gtgerecb, mstgrecb mkb ae`gt, gxplmck tdg `evg`gkts ej `gtgerecbs, mstgrecbs mkb ae`gts mkb tdgcr gjjgats ek tdg Gmrtd  omsgb ek bmtm, prgbcat wdmt wcll dmppgk te tdg Gmrtd cj ct cs dct oy `gtgerecb, mstgrecb mkb ae`gt.

RGMADCKI & LGM_KCKI MARCZCRCGQ 

JE_@MRCZG MQQGQQ@GKR 

Qtubgkts mrg sdewk m vcbge jre` Mr`migbbek (Lckf =)

Eosgrvmtcek & ]ugstcekcki (epgkgkbgb qugstceks)

Qtubgkts mrg msfgb moeut tdg eongat tdmt dct tdg gmrtd

(7 `ckutgs)

Qtubgkts rgspekb te tdg mkswgrs mppreprcmtgly lgmbcki

BCJJG_GKRCMRCEK 

Gxm`plgs ej qugstcek> =.  Dew cs `gtger mttrmatgb te gmrtd5 (ukbgrstmkbcki) ?. 

Ydmt

cs

yeur

?=st R&L> Zcbge Alcps 

Zcsuml & mubctery lgmrkcki stylg

]ugstcek bglcvgrgb bgpgkbs ek tdg lgvgl ej tdg madcgvg`gkt ej tdg stubgkts

te tdg cktrebuatcek ej tdg tepca

eosgrvmtcek moeut tdg eongat tdmt dct tdg gmrtd5 (fkewlgbig)  1.  Ydmt wcll dmppgk wdgk `gtger dct tdg gmrtd5 (fkewlgbig) 2.  Ydmt cs tdg c`pmat te tdg gmrtd5

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=1:

(mkmlyscs)

7. Ydmt mrg tdg  prgamutcek stgps te og tmfgk wdgk ct dct tdg gmrtd5 (ukbgrstmkbcki)  -----------------------------------GTXLE_MRCEK (=? `ckutgs)

Qtubgkts mrg ireup ej 2

bcvcbgb

ckte

*Be ket maagpt arewb mkswgrs

?=st  R&L> Qtmtceks&

_etmtcki

Net Rdeuidts

4 stmtceks jellewgb>

mrg

sgtup

ms Ae`ockmtcek ej vmrcgty ej lgmrkcki stylg> fckgstdgtca, vcsuml & mubctery 

Qtmtcek =&?> @gtgerecb Qtmtcek 1&2> Mstgrecb Qtmtcek 7&:> Ae`gt

Qtubgkts wmlf mreukb jre` stmtcek te stmtcek te>

Qtmtcek 9&4> @evg`gkt ej

mstgrecb,

`gtgerecb, ae`gt.

=. 

sgg

?. 

tdckf

1.  bcsauss wctd etdgr stubgkts moeut tdgcr jckbcki.

Qtubgkts mrg msfgb te imtdgr ckjer`mtcek jre` gmad stmtcek mkb wrctg bewk ek aeleurgb  pmpgr icvgk (1 `ckutgs jer gmad stmtcek)

?=st R&L> Xrgsgktmtcek  Zgroml / Xewgr Xeckt / Irmpdca Erimkcsgrs

Qtubgkts bcsauss m`eki tdg`sglvgs moeut tdgcr jckbckis mt gmad stmtcek. -----------------------------------GTXLMKMRCEK (=8 `ckutgs)

2 veluktggrs prgsgkt tdgcr jckbckis ck jrekt ej tdg almss. Qtubgkts rgg`pdmscsg gxtrm c`pertmkt peckts uscki gxtgrkml seurag oy tdg tgmadgr (Lckf ?) ------------------------------------

GLMOE_MRCEK (?8 `ckutgs)

Oemrb im`g mrg bcstrcoutgb te tdg ireups. Qtubgkts mrg icvgk =7 `ckutgs

Lgmrkcki @ebmlctcgs Xrgsgktmtcek

Ae`ockmtcek ej vmrcgty ej lgmrkcki stylg> fckgstdgtca, vcsuml & mubctery  Qtubgkts mrg bcvcbgb ck ae`ockmtcek ej bcjjgrgkt lgvgl ej madcgvg`gkt (te mvecb sgbgktmry

te ae`plgtg tdg oemrb im`g.

*_gjgr mppgkbcx = jer oemrb im`g

sctumtcek)     `ultcplg cktgllcigkags & s`mll ireup ckstruatcek

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=19

Qtubgkts bcsauss m`eki tdg`sglvgs moeut tdgcr mkswgr jer gmad qugstcek ck tdg werf sdggt icvgk. ------------------------------------

GZMLWMRCEK (=8 `ckutgs)

Yerfsdggt

Qtubgkts gxprgss tdgcr ukbgrstmkbcki moeut tdg tepca. Qtubgkts mrg msscikgb qugstceks jre` jer`mtcvg mssgss`gkt ck tdg tgxt oeef te  og ae`plgtgb ms m de`gwerf.

------------------------------------

ALEQW_G/

Rgmadgr `evgs ck  ogtwggk stmtceks  pre`ptcki qugstcek.

QW@@M_CQMRCEK

Qtubgkts mrg msfgb te rgspekb te tdg msscikgb qugstcek mkb wrmp up tdg tepca omsgb ek tdg

(1 `ckutgs)

mkswgr icvgk.

Qgktgkag pre`pts>

*C ukbgrstmkb ……….  ……….  *C bek–t ukbgrstmkb ……….   ………. *C kggb `erg ckjer`mtcek moeut …….  ……. 

]ugstcekcki (epgkgkbgb/alesgb-gkbgb qugstceks)

Gxm`plgs ej qugstcek> =.  Ydmt cs yeur aekaluscek moeut tdcs tepca5 (Gvmlumtg)

A_EQQ AW__CAWLW@ GLG@GKR

Qacgkag mkb Rgadkeleiy

ZMLWG / QCFMX

Aeepgrmtcvg Qystg`mtca, aekjcbgkt & gtdca Mpprgacmtg Ieb–s Ieb–s Icjts  Icjts 

QR_MRGIS

Aektgxtuml Aeepgrmtcvg mkb aellmoermtcvg

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=14

st

?=  LGM_KCKI MARCZCRCGQ

RGMADCKI & LGM_KCKI MCBQ/ QEW_AGQ/ _GJG_GKAGQ

Zcbge Alcps  _etmtcki Qtmtceks Net Rdeuidt Xrgsgktmtcek

Zcbge jre` yeutuog>

dttps>//www.yeutuog.ae`/wmtad5v0Iom]B:gJUqa   Lckf => =>dttps>//www.yeutuog.ae`/wmtad5v0Iom]B:gJUqa dttps>//www.yeutuog.ae`/wmtad5v0bvb29r@Scm8&t07s   Lckf ?> ?>dttps>//www.yeutuog.ae`/wmtad5v0bvb29r@Scm8&t07s Oemrb Im`g> dttps>//www.lpc.usrm.gbu/gbuamtcek/spmagUbmys/   Lckf>  dttps>//www.lpc.usrm.gbu/gbuamtcek/spmagUbmys/ Lckf>

  Rdg ogst matcvcty ck tdcs lgssek wms uscki oemrb im`g ogamusg stubgkts amk mpply tdgcr `ultcplg cktgllcigkag te ae`plgtg tdg tmsf.   Cj tdg stubgkts dmvcki preolg` ck mkswgrcki ct burcki tdg matcvctcgs, tdgy amk dglp gmad etdgr tdreuid bcsausscek mkb aellmoermtcek wctd etdgrs ireup.   Rdgy wcll igkgrmtg tdgcr cbgms moeut tdg tepca mkb sdmrg ct ck tdgcr ireup.   Rgmadgr wcll `etcvmtg tdg stubgkts oy wmlfcki mreukb mkb dglps tdg` oy icvcki alugs te tdg qugstcek. 

_GJLGARCEK







Qglj-mssgss`gkt> (De`gwerf jre` tgxt oeef) 

_G@M_FQ

Xrmatcag =1 (pmig ?99-?94) ]=> Fkewlgbig  ]?> Wkbgrstmkbcki  ]1> Wkbgrstmkbcki Wkbgrstmkbcki,, Gvmlumtg ]2> Wkbgrstmkbcki Gvmlumtg ]7> ]:> Mkmlyscs   @mstgry =1 ‑  =1 ‑  DERQ  DERQ (pmig ?94) ]9> Gvmlumtg  ]4> Gvmlumtg

©OX@@M_M?8=4  

=13

Mppgkbcx = Qpmag _eafs! M Icmkt @gtgerctg Oemrb Im`g Adclbrgk mssu`g tdg relgs ej `gtgerctgs mkb plmy m icmkt oemrb im`g te lgmrk moeut `gtgers, `gtgerecbs, mkb `gtgerctgs. Rdgy ae`pgtg te igt te Mktmratcam, w wdgrg dgrg tdgy dmvg tdg admkag te  og jeukb mkb stubcgb oy sacgktcsts!

Ydmt Seu Kggb> Aepy ej tdg Qpmag _eafs im`g oemrb (dttp>//www.lpc.usrm.gbu/gbuamtcek/sfytgllgrs/`gtgers/matcvctcgs/spma greafsim`g.pbj) Aelergb `mrfgrs Qgvgrml lmrig pcgags ej pestgr oemrb Ycbg agllepdmkg tmpg Ekg bcg pgr adclb Im`g rulgs mkb mkswgrs jer pmrgkts Ydmt te Be>

  Rrmksjgr tdg aektgkts ej gmad im`g oemrb squmrg te m sgpmrmtg



 pestgr oemrb. Bgaermtg tdg pestgrs.   Rmpg tdg pestgrs te tdg jleer, ck erbgr, wctd spmag ogtwggk tdg  pestgrs6 tdg eongatcvg cs te mllew sgvgrml s`mll ireups ej adclbrgk te plmy tdg im`g mt tdg sm`g tc`g ‑  tc`g ‑  spmag  spmag wcll og kggbgb. Rdg  pestgrs be ket dmvg te og lmcb eut ck tdg sm`g sdmpg ms tdg  prcktgb im`g oemrb6 pestgrs amk og tmpgb, ck erbgr, mleki m leki wmll, jer gxm`plg.



  Ckvctg tdg adclbrgk mkb pmrgkts te tmfg m bcg mkb plmy tdg im`g. Xmrgkts amk og rgspekscolg



jer tdg im`g rulgs mkb jer gksurcki tdg rgspeksgs mrg aerrgat.

Qpmag _eafs! M Icmkt @gtgerctg Oemrb Im`g

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=28

Im`g _ulgs

Xlmygrs ogick ck “Rdg @gtgerecb ^ekg,‐ moevg Gmrtd–s mt`espdgrg. Rdgy preirgss te “Rdg @gtger ^ekg,‐ wdgrg pmrtcalgs gktgr Gmrtd–s mt`espdgrg mt`espdgrg mkb argmtg orcllcmkt strgmfs ej lcidt (`gtgers) ms tdgy rmag tewmrb Gmrtd–s surjmag. @est ourk up ae`plgtgly. Jckmlly, tdgy rgmad tdg “Rdg @gtgerctg ^ekg,‐ tdesg reafs jre` spmag tdmt pmssgb tdreuid Gmrtd–s mt`espdgrg wctdeut ogcki vmperczgb `my og jeukb ms `gtgerctgs. Rdg adclbrgk–s `csscek cs te ‑  ms  ms `gtgerecbs - pmss - pmss tdreuid tdreuid Gmrtd–s mt`espdgrg mkb rgmad Gmrtd ms m `gtgerctg, wdgrg tdgy amk og jeukb mkb tgll tdgcr stery te sacgktcsts. Dmvg gmad adclb ogick ms m “@gtgerecb‐ ek tdg “Qtmrt‐ ssqumrg. qumrg. Gmad adclb, ck turk, wcll rell tdg bcg mkb `evg tdg`sglvgs tdg mppreprcmtg ku`ogr ej spmags. Rdgy mrg te jellew tdg bcrgatceks ek tdg ckctcml squmrg ek wdcad tdgy lmkb. “]ugry squmrgs‐ dmvg qugstceks jer tdg adclbrgk te mkswgr. Ydgk dg er sdg mkswgrs m kswgrs aerrgatly, ms vgrcjcgb oy tdg pmrgkt, dg er sdg `my mbvmkag te tdg kgxt squmrg mkb wmct jer dcs er dgr kgx kgxtt turk te rell tdg bcg. Cj m plmygr mkswgrs ckaerrgatly, dg er sdg `ust rg`mck ek tdmt squmrg uktcl tdgcr kgxt turk mkb tdgk try mimck te mkswgr tdmt sm`g qugstcek aerrgatly. Ekag tdgy dmvg mkswgrgb aerrgatly, tdgy `my mbvmkag te tdg kgxt squmrg mkb mwmct tdgcr kgxt turk. Ms tdg adclbrgk ae`plgtg m trmaf, tdgy `evg te tdg kgxt trmaf. Re wck, tdg adclb `ust rell ‒  rell  ‒   ck turk ‒  turk ‒  uktcl  uktcl dg er sdg lmkbs ek tdg lmst squmrg ck “Mktmratcam,‐ wdgrg tdgy `my og bcsaevgrgb mkb stubcgb oy m tgm` ej sacgktcsts, mkb pgrdmps rgvgml alugs te tdg `ystgrcgs ej eur gmrly selmr systg`!

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=2=

Qpmag _eafs! M Icmkt @gtgerctg Oemrb Im`g Mkswgrs @gtgerecb ^ekg

M `gtgerecb amk og m pcgag ej wdmt5 m. tdg @eek er @mrs o. mk mstgrecb a. m ae`gt b. mll ej tdg moevg 

Mrg `gtgerecbs rgmlly “sdeetcki stmrs‐5   Ke.  @gtgerecbs be ket dmvg trmcls ej lcidt ogamusg tdgy mrg ket `evcki tdreuid Gmrtd–s mt`espdgrg. @gtgers, ket `gtgerecbs, mrg amllgb sdeetcki stmrs, out tdgy mrg ket rgmlly stmrs mt mll, gctdgr. Ydmt cs m `gtgerecb5 m. m reaf jre` spmag jeukb ek Gmrtd o. m s`mll `cker plmkgt ociigr tdmk m irmck ej smkb, eroctcki mreukb tdg Quk  

a. m tcky pmrtcalg, ejtgk ke

Ydmt begs m `gtgerecb se`gtc`gs ogae`g5 m. m olmaf delg o. m `gtger  a. m s`mll plmkgt @gtgerecbs mrg s`mllgr tdmk eongats sacgktcsts weulb amll s`mll plmkgts. Ydgk m `gtgrecb `evgs tdreuid Gmrtd–s mt`espdgrg, ct argmtgs m orcllcmkt orc llcmkt strgmf ej lcidt ‒  lcidt ‒  m  m `gtger. Ejtgk `gtgerecbs mrg wdmt5 m. tdg sczg ej plmkgts o. ket `uad lmrigr tdmk m irmck ej smkb  a. selcb ielb

M `gtgerecb amk og `mbg ej wdmt5 m. `gtml (typcamlly crek mkb kcafgl) o. reaf a. `gtml mkb reaf b. mll ej tdg moevg  Ydgrg be `gtgerecbs KER eaaur5 m. tdreuideut eur selmr systg` o. ck tdg mstgrecb oglt a. ek Gmrtd  @gtgerecbs mrg “reafs ck spmag.‐ Ydgk m `gtgerecb lmkbs ek Gmrtd, ct cs amllgb m `gtgerctg. @gtger ^ekg

Ydmt amusgs mk “mkkuml‐ `gtger sdewgr5 m. Gmrtd pmsscki tdreuid tdg bgorcs ej m pmrtcaulmr ae`gt ck cts eroct  o. jmvermolg wgmtdgr aekbctceks a. tdg ocrtdbmys ej agrtmck mstreke`grs Ydmt mrg `gtgers ckaerrgatly amllgb5 m. jmllcki stmrs o. sdeetcki stmrs a. jcrgomlls b. mll ej tdg moevg  @gtgers mrg argmtgb oy pmrtcalgs jmllcki tdreuid eur mt`espdgrg  ‒  tdgy   tdgy dmvg ketdcki te be wctd stmrs er jcrg!

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=2?

@gtgers mrg ejtgk sggk ms wdmt5 m. pmrtcalgs ck spmag o. strgmfs ej lcidt  a. stmrs @gtgers mrg tdg strgmfs ej lcidt wg sgg ck tdg kcidt sfy. Rdgy mrg amusgb oy pmrtcalgs `evcki tdreuid eur mt`espdgrg se jmst tdmt tdgy ae`prgss tdg mcr ck jrekt ej tdg` mkb tdg mcr dgmts up mkb ilews. Ydmt mrg tdg km`gs ej twe jm`eus `gtger sdewgrs tdmt eaaur e aaur mkkumlly5 m. tdg Mlpdms mkb tdg E`gims o. tdg Lgekcbs mkb tdg Xgrsgcbs  a. tdg Dmtjcglbs mkb tdg @aAeys Ydgk Gmrtd–s eroct cktgrsgats m ae`gt–s eroct, tdg pmrtcalgs ck tdg ae`gt–s trmcl gktgr Gmrtd–s

mt`espdgrg mkb argmtg `gtger sdewgrs! Rdg Xgrsgcb `gtger sdewgr pgmfs ck Muiust mkb rmbcmtgs jre` tdg aekstgllmtcek ej Xgrsgus. Ct ae`gs jre` pmrtcalgs ck tdg trmcl ej Ae`gt QwcjtRuttlg. Rdg Lgekcb `gtger sdewgr pgmfs ck Kevg`ogr mkb mppgmrs te ae`g jre` tdg bcrgatcek ej tdg aekstgllmtcek Lge. Dew `mky `gtgers `cidt yeu sgg ck m `gtger sdewgr ck mk deur5 m. = te ? o. =,888,888 a. ogtwggk =8 mkb m jgw dukbrgb Ae`gt trmcls mrg busty plmags!.

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=21

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=22

BMCLS LGQQEK XLMK QWONGAR > @MRDG@MRCAQ

?

JE_@

ALMQQ

RM_CFD

YGGF

RC@G MRRGKB MKAG

ZGKWG RDG@G/REXCA/

=8.8 I_MBCGKR EJ M QR_MCIDR LCKG / _GLMRCEKQDCX MKB MLIGO_M LGM_KCKI M_GM

AEKRGKR QRMKBM_B

LGM_KCKI QRMKBM_B

=8.= I_MBCGKR =8.=.= Bgsarcog irmbcgkt mkb bcrgatcek ej ckalckmtcek omsgb ek rgml lcjg sctumtceks, mkb tdgk gxplmck tdg `gmkcki ej irmbcgkt ms m rmtce ej vgrtcaml bcstmkag te derczektml bcstmkag. =8.=.? Bgrcvg tdg jer`ulmg jer irmbcgkt ej m strmcidt lckg ck tdg Amrtgscmk plmkg. =8.=.1 @mfg igkgrmlcsmtcek jer tdg irmbcgkt ej m strmcidt lckg. =8.=.2 Bgtgr`ckg tdg irmbcgkt irmbcgkt ej m strmcidt lckg. Mt tdg gkb ej tdg lgssek, stubgkt cs molg te>

LGM_KCKI EONGARCZGQ

=.  ?.  1.  2. 

RGMADCKI & LGM_KCKI MARCZCRCGQ 

QRGXQ GKIMIG@GKR ( 7 `cks )

Bgsarcog stggpkgss6 tdg irgmtgr tdg irmbcgkt vmlug, tdg stggpgr tdg slepg ej tdg strmcidt lckg. Bgtgr`ckg tdg bcrgatcek ej tdg slepg oy rgjgrrcki te tdg scik vmlug ej tdg irmbcgkt. _gaeikcsg irmbcgkt ms tdg rmtce ej vgrtcaml bcstmkag te tdg derczektml bcstmkag. Bgrcvg tdg jer`ulm ej irmbcgkt ej m strmcidt lckg aerrgatly.

=.  Rgmadgr plmys vcbge ek ekg (er ae`ockmtcek ej m jgw vcbges) ej tdgsg vcbges> c)  Autg pmkbms plmycki ek tdg slcbg (Burmtcek> =.?4 s) Lckf> dttps>//www.yeutuog.ae`/wmtad5v 0sIJ:oEc=KjM   0sIJ:oEc=KjM cc) 

Ayalcki up tdg dcll (Burmtcek>=.?3 s) Lckf>

dttps>//yeutu.og/YfQ4kzvqjXM ccc)  Ayalcki bewk tdg stggp bm`k (Burmtcek> 71s) Lckf> dttps>//yeutu.og/rBNT1`EMg@4

JE_@MRCZG MQQGQQ@GKR 

BCJJG_GKRCMRCEK 

Yerf ck pmcrs (gxagllgkt stubgkts werf wctd slew lgmrkgrs) mllews stubgkts ej mll moclctcgs te og admllgkigb. -Gxagllgkt stubgkts `ust `mfg surg tdmt tdgcr pmcrs ukbgrstmkb tdg vcbges mkb bcsauss moeut wdmt tdgy wmtadgb. Wsg aellmoermtcek sfclls (icvgs bcjjgrgkt relgs ck ekg ireup) te dglp stubgkts werf teigtdgr te igt `mxc`u` ckjer`mtcek wdgk ae`plgtcki tdg tmsf.

cv)  Alc`ocki up/bewk stggp stgps mt Mkifer Ymt (Burmtcek> =.?8s) Lckf> dttps>//yeutu.og/qE:ZWYi2ka2

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=27

GTXLE_MRCEK GTXLMKMRCEK ( ?7 `cks )

?.  Rgmadgr msfs stubgkts te bcsauss moeut> c)  Dew jmst tdg omoy pmkbms amk `evg bewk tdg slcbg5 Ydcad slcbg cs stggpgr5 Ydcad slcbg cs lgss stggp5

Rdckf pmcr sdmrg mkb Qdeut-eut. -stubgkts kggb te tdckf mkb sdmrg tdgcr jckbckis (stggpkgss mkb bcrgatcek )

Yerf ck pmcrs (gxagllgkt stubgkts werf wctd slew lgmrkgrs) mllews stubgkts ej mll moclctcgs te og admllgkigb. -Gxagllgkt stubgkts `ust `mfg surg tdmt tdgcr pmcrs ukbgrstmkb tdg vcbges mkb bcsauss moeut wdmt tdgy wmtadgb.

cc)  Cs ct dmrb te ayalg up tdg dcll5 Ydcad ekg cs jmstgr6 ayalg up tdg dcll er tdg etdgr wmy mreukb5

Wsg aellmoermtcek sfclls (icvgs bcjjgrgkt relgs ck ekg ireup) te dglp stubgkts werf teigtdgr te igt `mxc`u` ckjer`mtcek wdgk ae`plgtcki tdg tmsf.

ccc)  Ydmt prgamutceks begs tdg ayalgr tmfg te ayalg bewk tdg stggpgr bm`5 Be yeu tdckf tdg ayalgr wcll tmfg rcsf te ayalg bewk tdg bm` wctdeut tdg smjgty repg5 cv)  Ydcad ekg be yeu jckb gmscgr6 te alc`o up tdg stmcrs er te alc`o bewk tdg stmcrs5

Aellmoermtcek -gxagllgkt stubgkts wcll msscst tdgcr pmcrs ck tdg bcsausscek.

1.  Rgmadgr msfs stubgkts te bcsauss ck pmcrs moeut etdgr gxm`plg(s) tdgy amk rglmtg te tdg moevg vcbges mkb wrctg tdg` ek m  pcgag ej pmpgr. pmpgr. 2.  Qtubgkts sdmrg tdg eutae`g ej tdg bcsausscek wctd tdg `g`ogrs ej tdg almss. 7.  Rgmadgr icvgs dmkbeut te tdg stubgkts. (Dmkbeut = Re Bgrcvg m Jer`ulm ej Irmbcgkt) (Dmkbeut ? Re @mfg Igkgrmlcsmtcek mkb Re Bgtgr`ckg Rdg Irmbcgkt ej M Qtrmcidt Lckgs)

GLMOE_MRCEK

:.  Qtubgkts sct ck m ireup ej 2 `g`ogrs.

( 4 `cks )

9.  Qtubgkts jcll ck tdg dmkbeuts oy bcsausscki wctd tdgcr ireup`mtgs. 4.  Ck ireups, stubgkts bgrcvg tdg jer`ulm jer irmbcgkt ej m strmcidt lckg. 3.  Rgmadgr jmaclctmtgs burcki tdg ireup bcsausscek te bgrcvg tdg

Dmkbeut => Re Bgrcvg m Jer`ulm ej Irmbcgkt Dmkbeut ?> Re @mfg Igkgrmlcsmtcek mkb Re Bgtgr`ckg Rdg Irmbcgkt ej M Qtrmcidt Lckgs

Aellmoermtcek -  gxagllgkt stubgkts wcll msscst tdgcr ireup`mtgs ck tdg bcsausscek te ae`plgtg tdg dmkbeuts. Gmad mkb gvgry `g`ogr ej tdg ireup `ust ae`g te tdg sm`g ukbgrstmkbcki moeut tdg matcvctcgs tdgy–rg ckvelvgb ck mkb `mfg aerrgat igkgrmlcsmtcek moeut tdg jer`ulmg eaaurs.

jer`ulm.

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=2:

GZMLWMRCEK

=8.  Rgmadgr sglgats m ireup te  prgsgkt tdgcr jckbckis. jckbckis.

Xrgsgktmtcek

==.  Etdgr ireups gvmlumtg tdg  prgsgktmtceks ej tdg sglga sglgatgb tgb ireup.

Ckbcamter Irggk > mirgg _gb > bcsmirgg

( 9 `cks )

Mll stubgkts rcsg up irggk/rgb amrbs te gxprgss tdmt tdgy sdmrg tdg sm`g cbgm moeut tdg matcvctcgs omsgb ek tdg ireup prgsgktmtceks. Ekg er twe stubgkts wde adeesg te rcsg up rgb amrbs wcll rgqucrg oy tgmadgr te nustcjy tdg rgmsek jer tdgcr gvmlumtcek tewmrbs tdg ireup prgsgktmtcek.

ALEQW_G/ QW@@M_CQMRCEK

=?.  Qtubgkts wrctg rgjlgatcek ek m stcafy ketg mkb pmstg ct ek tdg rgjlgatcek wmll.

_gjlgatcek wmll -Re rgamll tdg aekagpts ej tebmy–s lgssek.  lgssek. 

( 7 `cks ) A_EQQ AW__CAWLW@ GLG@GKR

-

ZMLWG / QCFMX

Aeepgrmtcvg Rdckfgr _mtcekml Ae``ukcamtcek

QR_MRGIS

Aekstruatcvcs` Ckqucry bcsaevgry

st

?=  AGKRW_S LGM_KCKI MARCZCRCGQ

Rdckf-pmcr-sdmrg Aellmoermtcvg Lgmrkcki Arctcaml tdckfcki sfclls Ckbcamter Xrgsgktmtcek Qdeut eut @mtdg`mtcas Jer` ? Rgxtoeef Rgxtoeef lckf (Qtggpkgss)>  (Qtggpkgss)> dttp>//rc`oukmkcl`u.`y/`mtUt?g/`s=38   Rgxtoeef lckf (Irmbcgkt) > dttp>//rc`oukmkcl`u.`y/`mtUt?g/`s=3?   Dmkbeut => Dmkbeut = Re Bgrcvg m Jer`ulm ej Irmbcgkt Dmkbeut ?> Re @mfg Igkgrmlcsmtcek mkb Re Bgtgr`ckg Rdg Irmbcgkt ej M Qtrmcidt Lckgs Irmbcgkt (Qlepg) ej m Qtrmcidt Lckg>  Lckg> dttps>//www.`mtdscsjuk.ae`/irmbcgkt.dt`l  

RGMADCKI & LGM_KCKI MCBQ/ QEW_AGQ/ _GJG_GKAGQ

Zcbges lckf> c)  Autg pmkbms plmycki ek tdg slcbg (Burmtcek> =.?4 s) Lckf>  dttps>//www.yeutuog.ae`/wmtad5v0sIJ:oEc=KjM   Lckf>

cc) 

Ayalcki up tdg dcll (Burmtcek>=.?3 s) Lckf>  dttps>//yeutu.og/YfQ4kzvqjXM   Lckf>

ccc) 

Ayalcki bewk tdg stggp bm`k (Burmtcek> 71s) Lckf>  dttps>//yeutu.og/rBNT1`EMg@4   Lckf>

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=29

cv) 

=. 

Alc`ocki up/bewk stggp stgps mt Mkifer Ymt (Burmtcek> =.?8s) Lckf>  dttps>//yeutu.og/qE:ZWYi2ka2   Lckf> Rdg aekagpt ej irmbcgkt wcll ckjlugkag tdg stubgkts– bgacscek ck bgacbcki wdcad leamtcek/plmag te ayalg/alc`o er mky etdgr eutbeer matcvctcgs ckvelvcki stggpkgss.

_GJLGARCEK

_G@M_FQ

?. 

Nustcjcamtcek jer tdgcr bgacscek moevg wcll mjjgat tdg rgsults tdgy wcll dmvg te jmag.

1. 

Rdg adecags tdmt stubgkts `mfg wcll dglp tgmadgrs te ukbgrstmkb tdgcr cktgrgst.

2. 

Reels rgae``gkbgb jer tdgsg matcvctcgs wcll dglp tgmadgr te cktrebuag tdg aekagpt ej irmbcgkt. Qtubgkts wcll dmvg tdg eppertukcty mkb suppert/maagss te `mky rgseurags.

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=24

Yerfsdggt => Re Bgrcvg Jer`ulm ej Irmbcgkt

Ae`plgtg tdg Rmolg = oglew> Zgrtcaml bcstmkag

Bcmirm`

Jciurg =

Jciurg ?

Jciurg 1

Zgrtcaml bcstmkag

Derczektml bcstmkag

Derczektml bcstmkag

0 

(wrctg yeur mkswgr aerrgat te ? b.p.)

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=23

Ae`plgtg tdg Rmolg ? oglew> Bgsarcptcek

Jciurg =

Jciurg ?

Jciurg 1

?.31

=.23

8.92

Jciurg sdews vgrtcaml bcstmkag mkb derczektml bcstmkag

Zgrtcaml bcstmkag Derczektml bcstmkag

0 

Irmbcgkt er stggpkgss ej tdg jciurg cs, ` 0

Jciurg sdews irmbcgkt jer gmad jciurg

Rmolg ?

Omsgb ek Rmolg ?, wdmt wcll dmppgk te (c) tdg slepg/irmbcgkt mkb (cc) stggpkgss ej tdg irmbcgkt cj> (m)  Zgrtcaml bcstmkag ; Derczektml bcstmkag5  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUU   UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UU

(o)  Zgrtcaml bcstmkag < Derczektml bcstmkag5  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUU 

 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UU (a)  Zgrtcaml bcstmkag 0 Derczektml bcstmkag5  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUU   UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UU ©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=78

(b)  Jre` bcmirm`s ek Rmolg ?, wdcad ekg cs `erg stggp5 Jciurg =, Jciurg ? er Jciurg 15 Nustcjy yeur mkswgr.

Mkswgr> Jciurg

 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUU   UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UU

(g)  Ydmt cs tdg rglmtceksdcp ogtwggk vgrtcaml bcstmkag, derczektml bcstmkag mkb irmbcgkt5  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUU   UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UU

Jcll ck tdg olmkfs wctd tdg aerrgat mkswgr. i

=.  Rdg lckg cs stggpgr mkb se tdg irmbcgkt cs

?.  Rdg lckg cs lgss stggp mkb se tdg irmbcgkt cs

`

g

l

g

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=7=

Seu mrg msf te be ayalcki/wmll alc`ocki ek tdg dcll burcki matcvcty–s wggf. Ydcad dcll be yeu adeesg te be tdg matcvcty5 Jciurg =, Jciurg ? er Jciurg 15 Ydmt cs c`pertmkt te yeu ck `mfcki tdcs bgacscek5 Ydy be yeu adeesg te ayalg/alc`o tdg dcll ek Jciurg UU 5  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUU   UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUU   UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUU   UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUU   UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUU

Ydmt amk yeu aekalubg jre` tdg moevg matcvctcgs5  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUU   UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUU   UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUU   UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUU

Rdg jer`ulm ej irmbcgkt cs>

Irmbcgkt, ` 0

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=7?

Yerfsdggt ?> Re @mfg Igkgrmlcsmtcek mkb te Bgtgr`ckg tdg Irmbcgkt ej m Qtrmcidt Lckgs

Ae`plgtg tdg Rmolg = oglew>

Bcmirm` (Xeckt M  Xeckt O)

=.

?.

1.

2.

Irmbcgkt

Bcrgatcek ej Ckalckmtcek

Zmlug ej irmbcgkt

(Iecki up /Iecki bewk/ Qtrmcidt maress (derczektml)/ Qtrmcidt up & bewk)

(Xesctcvg /  Kgimtcvg/ ^gre/ ^gre/ Wkbgjckgb)

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=71

7.

:.

Rmolg =

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=72

@mtad tdg jellewcki> Qdmpg (Xeckt M  Xeckt O)

Bcrgatcek ej Ckalckmtcek

Zmlug ej Irmbcgkt

Qtrmcidt Maress (derczektml) Wkbgjckgb

Iecki Wp Xesctcvg

Iecki Bewk  Kgimtcvg

Qtrmcidt Wp er Qtrmcidt Bewk

^gre

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=77

Ck wdmt amsg tdg bcrgatcek ej ckalckmtcek cs> (m)  Qtrmcidt maress (derczektml)5  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUU   UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU (o)  Iecki up5  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUU   UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU (a)  Iecki bewk5  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUU   UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU (b)  Qtrmcidt up er strmcidt bewk5  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  U   UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU

Ae`plgtg tdg sgktgkag oglew> Rdg vmlug ej irmbcgkt cs> c)  ukbgjckgb wdgk …  …   UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU cc)   pesctcvg wdgk …  …   UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU ccc)  kgimtcvg wdgk…  wdgk…   UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU cv)  zgre wdgk…  wdgk…   UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=7:

_MKAMKIMK XGKIMNM_MK DM_CMK QWONGF > QGNM_MD RCKIFMRMK

?

FGLMQ

RM_CFD

@CKIIW

RG@XMR

FGDMBC_MK

@MQM

RG@M/REXCF/ OCBMKI XG@OGLMNM_MK

QRMKBM_B FMKBWKIMK

7.8 FG_MNMMK MLM@ @GLMSW

7.= Fgrmnmmk Mlm` @glmyu

7.=.= @gknglmsfmk feksgp Mlm` @glmyu 7.=.? @gkgrmkifmk fgwunubmk fgrmnmmk Mlm` @glmyu QRMKBM_B XG@OGLMNM_MK

F7.=.7 @gkidurmcfmk fgpgktckimk fgbubufmk strmtgicf ymki `gkyu`omki fgpmbm fg`mnumk sgsgoumd fgrmnmmk

Xmbm mfdcr pgkimnmrmk bmk pg`oglmnmrmk, pglmnmr bmpmt > EONGFRCJ XG@OGLMNM_MK/ F_CRG_CM FGNMSMMK

@gkymtmfmk `mfsub Mlm` @glmyu sgamrm u`u`. @gknglmsfmk 1 ouftc fgwunubmk Mlm` @glmyu bgkimk tgpmt. @gkidurmcfmk ? fgpgktckimk fgbubufmk strmtgicf ymki `gkyu`omki fgpmbm fg`mnumk sgsgoumd fgrmnmmk.

LMKIFMD-LMKIFMD

XGKILCOMRMK /QGR CKBWFQC (7 `ckct)

MFRCZCRC XGKIMNM_MK & XG@OGLMNM_MK 

=.  Xglmnmr bcomdmicf bcomdmicfmk mk fgpmbm ogogrmpm fu`pulmk `gkicfut stmkbmrb  pg`oglmnmrmk  pg`oglmnm rmk ymki o ogrogzm. grogzm. Fu`p => Feksgp Mlm` @glmyu. Fu`p ?> Fgwunubmk Fgrmnmmk Mlm` @glmyu

XGKRMFQC_MK JE_@MRCJ 

Aekted Qemlmk>   Mpmfmd ymki fm`u tmdu tgktmki pgtm ckc5

  Mpmfmd fmctmk im`omr ckc bgkimk Mlm` @glmyu5   Omimc`mkmfmd fgbubufmk lefmsc Mlm` @glmyu ckc `gknmbcfmkkym  pgktcki fgpmbm fgpmbm bukcm pmbm 



XG@OG^MMK 

2 fu`pulmk  pglmnmr  ogrbmsmrfmk  ogrbmsmrf mk stmkbmrb  pg`oglmnmrmk  pg`oglmnm rmk > Fu`pulmk = ‑  = ‑   Fu`pulmk 1

Fu`p 1 > Jmfter fg`mnumk fgrmnmmk Mlm` @glmyu. ?.  Xglmnmr `gkamrc `mflu`mt `glmluc fmncmk  pgrpustmfmmk,  pgrpustmfm mk, fmncmk ck cktgrkgt tgrkgt mtmu runufmk oufu cl`cmd tgktmki fgwunubmk Mlm` @glmyu.

fgtcfm ctu5

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=79

1.  Xglmnmr ogrockamki bmk `gkimkmlcscs `mflu`mt ymki bcpgrelgd bmk `gktgrng`md dmscl bmpmtmk fg bmlm` ogktuf  pgtm pg`cfcrmk pg`cfcrmk c-Rdckf

ZCBGE QCMXM @GLMSW.`p2

  Aekted semlmk>   Mpmfmd ymki bc`mfsubfmk bgkimk Mlm` @glmyu5

XGKG_EFMMK (=8 `ckct)

  Nglmsfmk ouftc fgwunubmk fgrmnmmk Mlm` @glmyu5   Omimc`mkmfmd fgbubufmk strmtgicf `m`pu `gkyu`omki fgpmbm fg`mnumk sgsgoumd fgrmnmmk5





=.  ?. 

Qu`omki smrmk 1 strmy, = stmy

=.Iuru `gkigbmrfmk lg`omrmk fgrnm sgt semlmk. Qemlmk => @gknglmsfmk Feksgp Mlm` @glmyu. Qemlmk ?> @gkygkmrmcfmk 7 fgrmnmmk Mlm` @glmyu Qemlmk 1> @gkgrmkifmk jmfter fg`mnumk fgrmnmmk Mlm` @glmyu. ?.Nmwmpmk

bmrc

sgtcmp

fu`pulmk mfmk bcpm`grfmk bc pmpmk putcd. XGKG_MKIMK ?8 `ckct

=.  Xglmnmr sgamrm  ogrfu`pulmk  ogrfu`p ulmk `g` `g`oumt oumt  pg`ogktmkimk  pg`ogktm kimk tgktmk tgktmki i dmscl bmpmtmk fmncmk. ?.  @gkiiukmfmk fmgbmd 1 strmy, = stmy uktuf `g`oumt amtmtmk/ `gkbmpmtfmk `mflu`mt. 1.  Xglmnmr bmrc fu`pulm fu`pulmk k

ymki lmck ogrseml nmwmo bgkimk fu`pulmk ymki `g`oumt pg`ogktmkimk. 2.  Iuru `g`oumt  pgkgiudmk omic sgtcm  pgkgiudmk sgtcmp p tmnuf ymki bcockamkifmk. 7.  Iuru bmk pglmnmr  ogrsm`m-sm`m  ogrsm`m-s m`m `gkyg` `gkyg`mf mf sgtcmp nmwmpmk.

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=74

:.  Fu`pulmk ymki `g`pgrelgd `mrfmd tgrtckiic mfmk `gkbmpmt dmbcmd.

XGKIG@OMKIMK =8 `ckct

=.  Mftcvctc ]umbrmkt bclmfufmk ogrbmsmrfmk semlmk>

]umbrmkt

“Fgbubufmk strmtgicf `g`pgkimrudc fg`mnumk  pgrbmimkimk  pgrbmimk imk sgsgo sgsgoumd umd kgimrm‐.   kgimrm‐. ?.  Xglmnmr mfmk `gkulcs  nmwmpmk/pmkbmkimk  nmwmpmk/pm kbmkimk fgpmbm semlmk ymki bcogrcfmk. 1.  Xglmnmr ogrockamki bmk `gkulcs nmwmpmk ymki bcsgtunuc/ogtull bmlm` oulmtmk. bcsgtunuc/ogtu =.  XGKCLMCMK =8 `ckct

XGKWRWX/ _W@WQMK

GLG@GK @G_GKRMQ

Qgtcmp pglmnmr `gknmwmo

]ucaf ]ucz sgamrm ogrtulcs. ?.  Xgrockamkimk nmwmpmk  ogrsm`m iuru. iuru.

(_unuf lm`pcrmk 1)

=.  Xglmnmr `g`oumt  pg`ogtulmk / pgkm`om  pg`ogtulmk pgkm`omdomcfmk domcfmk  omdmk fucz sglgpms sglgpms bcsg bcsg`mf `mf iuru. ?.  Xglmnmr / Iuru `g`oumt ru`usmk pgrfmrm ymki tglmd bcpglmnmrc.

Aekted semlmk>   @gkimpmfmd fctm dmrus ogromkiim bmk  ogrsyufur  ogrsyuf ur `gknmbc  pgkbubuf bc fgrmnmm fgrmnmmk k Mlm` @glmyu.

]ucaf ]ucz

OMDMQM

FW_CFWLW@ (G@F)

KCLMC / QCFMX

XMR_CERCF, NMRC BC_C & FGFCRMMK

QR_MRGIC

XG@OGLMNM_MK FEXG_MRCJ

XG@OGLMNM_MK

RD_GG QR_MS EKG QRMS ]WMB_MKR

MOMB FG-?=

XG@OGKRMKIMK

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=73

=. Cs`mcl Dusscgk,Mktmrm Bukcm @glmyu bgkimk Bukcm Fgomkismmk, Omkic> Xgkgroct WF@,=331 dl` =2 dttps>//`s.wcfcpgbcm.eri s.wcfcpgbcm.eri/wcfc/kusmktmr /wcfc/kusmktmrmm  ?. ?.  dttps>//`

OMDMK OMKRW OGLMNM_/

1. Zcbge> dttp>//yeutu. dttp>//yeutu.og/y3jy og/y3jyT=ufa?s T=ufa?s

QW@OG_/ _WNWFMK

2. Fucz

ZCBGE QCMXM @GLMSW.`p2

_GJLGFQC

 

M Xglmnmr-pglmnmr smkimt mftcj bmk `g`ogrcfmk fgrnmsm`m ymki omcf bmlm` `g`mtudc mrmdmk iuru uktuf `gkamrc bmk `gkamtmtfmk `mflu`mt bmrcpmbm pglomimc su`ogr sgpgrtc bmrcpmbm cktgrkgt bmk oufu cl`cmd. @grgfm `gkiiukmfmk su`ogr ymki tglmd bcambmkifmk elgd iuru. Qmym `g`ogrcfmk pgkgfmkmk fgpmbm fg`mdcrmk `gkamrc `mflu`mt bmrcpmbm su`ogr ymki smdcd bmk tgpmt.Mktmrm pgrsemlmk ymki bcfg`ufmfmk elgd pglmnmr-pglmnmr mbmlmd tgktmki mspgf fgsgru`pukmk Mlm` @glmyu. Omic `gknmwmo pgrsemlmk pglmnmr, smym tglmd

`g`ogrcfmk aekted pgrsm`mmk ouky oukycc pgrfmtmmk 7 (Lc`m) omic ogogrmpm gtkcf bc Mlm` @glmyu sgpgrtc sgoutmk pgrfmtmmk bmlm` Omdmsm Nmwm, Omdmsm @glmyu Orukgc, Rmimlei, @glmkmu bmk Fmbmzmk. O Ruimsmk ymki bcogrcfmk fgpmbm pglmnmr oelgd `g`ogzmfmk tmdmp pgkampmcmk pglmnmr. Ymlmupuk pglmnmr-pglmnmr bcogkmrfmk `gkiiukmfmk cktgrkgt uktuf `gkamrc `mflu`mt, smym  pgrlu `g`og `g`ogrcfmk rcfmk oc`ockim oc`ockimk k bmk `g`mktmu amrcmk `mflu`m `mflu`mtt pglmnmr. Xmbm mfdcr presgs XbX, smtu sgt semlmk(]ucaf ]ucz) bcgbmrfmk fgpmbm sgtcmp pglmnmr omic `gkiunc fgjmdm`mk `grgfm tgktmki tepcf ymki bcpglmnmrc pmbm dmrc ctu. Iuru bmk pglmnmr tglmd ogrsm`m-sm`m  ogrockamki nmwmpmk ]ucaf ]ucz tgrsgout. Xglmnmr ` `g`oumt g`oumt pg`ogtulmk bmk p pgkm`o gkm`omdomcfmk mdomcfmk fgpmbm nmwmpmk ymki furmki tgpmt.

AMRMRMK

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=:8

Lm`pcrmk =

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=:=

Lm`pcrmk ?

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=:?

LM@XC_MK 1 ]WCAF ]WC^

Nmwmo sg`um semlmk. =.  (m)

Ogrbmsmrfmk pgtm ogrcfut, km`mfmk lc`m oumd fgrmnmmk Mlm` @glmyu. 

=.

?.Adm`pm

1.

2. Imkiim

9.

 Kmimrm

:.

7.

V7 `mrfmdP

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=:1

(o)  Xmbmkfmk tefed ogrcfut bgkimk pmkbmkimk `grgfm tgktmki feksgp Mlm` @glmyu ogrbmsmrfmk mspgf igeirmjc ymki ogtul.

Mlm` @glmyu `glcputc fmwmsmk bmrc @mbmimsfmr fg Rmkmd @glmyu, Xmpum Kgw Iuckgm,

Mustrmlcm,

Kgw

^gmlmkb,

Fgpulmumk Xmscjcf dckiim fg Rmcwmk R mcwmk

Xrejgser Rmk Qrc G`grctus Bmte– Xgkbctm (Br.) Cs`mcl Dussgck

Mlm`

@glmyu

`grupmfmk

sumtu

lckifukimk igeirmjc ymki lums `glcputc Fgpulmumk

@glmyu

dckiim

sglmtmk

Rdmclmkb

Xrejgser G`grctus Bmte– Bmte– Br. Kcf Dmssmk Qdudmc`c Kcf Mobul _md`mk

Bukcm @glmyu `glcputc sglmtmk Zcgtkm`, Fg`oenm, sglmtmk @ymk`mr, Qgigktcki Frm, @mlmyscm, Ckbekgscm, Orukgc bmk Jclcpckm

Mobul Dmbc Dmnc Dmssmk

V1 `mrfmdP

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=:2

=.  (m)

Kymtmfmk lefmsc fgrmnmmk Mlm` @glmyu ogrcfut> 

Fgrmnmmk Mlm` @glmyu

Fgrmnmmk Jukmk

Fgrmnmmk Qrcvcnmym

Lefmsc >

Lefmsc >

Fgrmnmmk Fgbmd Rum

Lefmsc >

V1 `mrfmdP (o) Ogrcfmk 2 jmfter fg`mnumk fgrmnmmk Mlm` @glmyu. @gl myu.

=.

2.

Jmfter  Fg`mnumk

1.

?.

V2 `mrfmdP

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=:7

_MKAMKIMK XGKIMNM_MK DM_CMK QWONGF > IGEI_MJC RCKIFMRMK

FGLMQ

RM_CFD

@CKIIW

@MQM

RG@XMR RG@M/REXCF/

FGDMBC_MK 7.8 CQW BMK XGKIW_WQMK MLM@ QGFCRM_

OCBMKI XG@OGLMNM_MK

QRMKBM_B FMKBWKIMK

7.= XG@MKMQMK ILEOML

QRMKBM_B XG@OGLMNM_MK

7.=.7 @gkclmc fgsmk pg`mkmsmk ileoml 7.=.: @g`omdmsfmk lmkifmd-lmkifmd `gkiurmkifmk pg`mkmsmk ileoml

EONGFRCJ XG@OGLMNM_MK/ F_CRG_CM FGNMSMMK

Xmbm mfdcr pgkimnmrmk bmk pg`oglmnmrmk, pglmnmr oelgd >

LMKIFMDLMKIFMD XGKILCOMRMK

XGKG_EFMMK

=.  ?. 

@gknglmsfmk 2 fgsmk pg`mkmsmk ileoml ogrsgrtm aekted fmwmsmk/jgke`gkm/fgs. @gkambmkifmk cbgm frgmtcj omic `gkiurmkifmk fgsmk pg`mkmsmk ileoml.

MFRCZCRC XGKIMNM_MK & XG@OGLMNM_MK  =.  Xglmnmr bcpclcd uktuf fg dmbmpmk bmk `g`msuffmk mcs fg bmlm` amwmk ymki ogrcsc mcr fepc E  pmkms ymki ymki dm`pcr pg pgkud. kud. ?.  Iuru ogrtmkymfmk semlmk fgpmbm pglmnmr tgktmki mpm ymki  ogrlmfu. Xglmnmr Xglmnmr bc`cktm `gkimctfmk mftcvctc bgkimk tepcf ymki mfmk bcpglmnmrc. MRMW =. Iuru `gkiiukmfmk Mplcfmsc Ieeilg Gmrtd bmk cKmturmlcst uktuf `g`oelgdfmk pglmnmr `glcdmt fgmbmmk futuo ymki sgogkmr sgamrm `mym.

1. Iuru `g`omdmicfmk pglmnmr

XGKRMFQC_MK JE_@MRCJ 

XG@OG^MMK 

Qemlmk ogrbmsmrfmk jmftm > =.  Mpmfmd ymki `gkygomofmk mcs bc bmlm` amwmk `gkamcr5 ?.  Oelgdfmk mrms mcr lmut `gkckifmt5

Xg`ogzmmk bmrc

fgpmbm 2 fu`pulmk. Qgtcmp fu`pulmk bctuimsfmk uktuf `gkamrc `mflu`mt ogrfmctmk smtu (=) fgsmk pg`mkmsmk ileoml bmk `gkambmkifmk sgfurmki-

sgic Fmkbukimk cmctu 2 fgsmk  pg`mkmsmk  pg`mkm smk ileoml> Fu`p. =-

furmkikym smtu pg`mkmsmk (=) lmkifmd ileoml. `gkiurmkifmk

Xgkckifmtmk mrms lmut Fu`p. ? Fg`gresetmk su`ogr `mfmkmk

Qgtcmp fu`pulmk `g`clcd = bmrcpmbm 2 lmkifmd-lmkifmd

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=::

`gkiurmkifmk fgsmk pg`mkmsmk ileoml> =. M`mlmk 7_ ?. Fgrnmsm`m mktmrmomkism 1. Xgkiiukmmk Rgkmim @gsrm Mlm` 2. Xgkiumtfumsmmk Wkbmki-ukbmki bmk Xgkbcbcfmk Mlm` Qgfctmr XGKG_MKIMK

Fu`p. 1 ‑  1 ‑   Imkiiumk aumam Fu`p. 2 ‑  2 ‑   @msmlmd fgscdmtmk

2. Xglmnmr `g`ogktmkifmk dmscl  pgrockamkimk  pgrockamki mk fu`p fu`pulmk ulmk `gk `gkicfut icfut fgpglomimcmk fgagrbmsmk.

Iuru `gkiiukmfmk _uorcfs uktuf `gkclmc pg`ogktmkimk. (_unuf Lm`pcrmk =)

7. Xglmnmr lmck `g`ogrcfmk fe`gk mtmu pgkm`omdomcfmk tgrdmbmp  pgrsg`omdmk  pgrsg`om dmk fu` fu`pulmk pulmk tgrsgout tgrsgout..

Qemlmk ogrbmsmrfmk jmftm >  

* =. M pm pmfmd fmd 2 ffg gsmk smk  p  pg g`mkmsm kmsmk k ileo ileoml5 ?. Mpmfmd rcscfe pgkymfct ymki wunub mfcomt pg`mkmsmk ileoml5 1. Mpmfmd aekted tgkmim `gsrm mlm`5

Qemlmk ogrbmsmrfmk feksgp 7. Omimc`mkmfmd pgkckifmtmk mrms mcr lmut tgrnmbc5 :. Omimc`mkmfmd sudu bukcm ymki `gkckifmt `g`pgkimrudc fg`gresetmk `mfmkmk5 9. Mpmfmd mftcvctc ymki oelgd bclmfsmkmfmk bc sgfelmd mimr  pglmnmr turut turut bclcomtfmk b bmlm` mlm` usmdm `gkiurmkifmk  pg`mkmsmk  pg`mkm smk ileoml5

XGKIG@OMKIMK

:. Iuru ` `gkuknuffmk gkuknuffmk slmcb lctupmk mcs ymki `gkigacl sgtcmp tmduk. Xglmnmr ogrseml nmwmo ogrfmctmk jgke`gkm tgrsgout. (_unuf Lm`pcrmk ? Qdrckfcki Cag Amps) 9. Xglmnmr `gknmwmo semlmk ( ymki ogrtmkbm ocktmki *) `gkiiukmfmk fmgbmd “Xest Ct‐  (Ketm Amtmtmk). Xglmnmr  Ketgs (Ketm  Ketgs  ogrtufmr Ketm Ketm Amtmtmk ogrs ogrsm`m m`m rmfmk ymki lmck uktuf tunumk sg`mfmk.

Qemlmk ogrbmsmrfmk pgromdmsmk

* ?. ?.X Xmbm mbm pg pgkbmp kbmpmt mt mkbm mkbm,, mb mbmfmd mfmd pgkamcr pgkamcr mk mcs bc F utuo Wtmrm oe oelgd lgd `gkc `gkcki kifmtfmk fmtfmk mr mrms ms lmut Qglmt  @glm  @gl mfm fm55

Xg`ogzmmk bmrc sgic Xresgs. Xg`ogktmkimk `glmluc fgagrbmsmk  pglomimc (`ulctcplg cktgllcigkags) =.  Zgroml lckiucstca Aekted 6 smnmf mtmu pmktuk ?.  Zcsumlspmtcml Aekted 6 fe`cf mtmu Xewgrpeckt 1.  @uscamlrdytd` Aekted6  pmreby/lmiu  pmreby/lm iu fmkmf-fmkmf 2.Oebclyfckgstdgtca Aekted 6 Adggr/lmfekmk

XGKCLMCMK

Xglmnmr bcogrcfmk sgfgpcki “]umbrmkt @mp‐ @mp‐ uktuf `gkambmkifmk cbgm omic `gkiurmkifmk fgsmk pg`mkmsmk ileoml. Cbgm ymki tgromcf bctulcs bc  omdmicmk tgkimd tgkimd ]umbrmkt @mp.  @mp.  (Lcdmt Lm`pcrmk 1)

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=:9

XGKWRWX/ _W@WQMK

Iuru `g`cktm pglmnmr `g`omymkifmk bcrc `grgfm sgpgrtc sggfer pgkiuck fgsgermkimk bc mtms fgtulmk mcs fgacl bcfglclckic lmutmk. Ogogrmpm ermki pglmnmr bc`cktm `gkymtmfmk gfsprgsc `grgfm. @glmluc gfsprgsc ckc, pglmnmr bmpmt `gkyg`mc pgrmsmmk tmkiiukinmwmo bmk acktm mfmk mlm` sgfctmr. (Fmgbmd C (Fmgbmd  C Qgg, C Rdckf, Rdckf, C Yekbgr) Yekbgr)  

GLG@GK @G_GKRMQ FW_CFWLW@ (G@F)  KCLMC / QCFMX

QR_MRGIC

XG@OGLMNM_MK MOMB FG-?=

OMDMK OMKRW OGLMNM_/ QW@OG_/

Rgfkeleic `mflu`mt bmk fe`ukcfmsc Fglgstmrcmk Mlm` Qgfctmr Xg`oglmnmrmk ogrmsmsfmk ckfucrc

Fgrnmsm`m ogrpmsufmk, ymfck bcrc, ogrtmkiiukinmwmo

Ogrpusmtfmk pglmnmr Xg`oglmnmrmk sgamrm fepgrmtcj Xg`oglmnmrmk ogrmsmsfmk ckfucrc>Xgkilcomtmk

Fgagrbmsmk Xglomimc  Xest Ct Ketgs ]umbrmkt @mp  C Qgg, C Rdckf, C Yekbgr  Yekbgr   =. 

Amwmk, Mcs, Mcr fepc E pmkms, oufu Rgfs, oufu fgrnm, LAB prengfter

?. 

Mplcfmsc Ieeilg @mps dttps>//www.ieeilg.ae`/gmrtd/  

1. 

Mplcfmsc cKmturmlcst

_WNWFMK

_GJLGFQC

Xgkiiukmmk Ieeilg @mp bmk Mplcfmsc cKmturmlcst smkimt `gkmrcf fgrmkm pglmnmr sgelmd-elmd `gkimlm`c sgkbcrc sumsmkm ogrmbm bc futuo utmrm. Xgkigaclmk smcz mcsogri bmk smcz lctupmk mcs ymki `gknmbc dmoctmt ogrumki futuo oelgd `g`ogrc fgsgbmrmk mfmk fgsmk lmkisuki pg`mkmsmk ileoml tgrdmbmp jlerm bmk jmukm. Xgkiiukmmk ]umbrmkt @mp `gknmbc mftcvctc ymki tgromcf bmlm` usmdm `g`upuf fgtgrlcomtmk sg`um pglmnmr. Xglmnmr ymki furmki mftcj bmk ogracrcfmk cktrmpgrsekml oelgd `gknmbcfmk mftcvctc ckc sgomimc rumki uktuf `grgfm `gkaurmdfmk cbgm.

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=:4

Mftcvctc ogrpusmtfmk pglmnmr ymki bcnmlmkfmk ckc m`mt `g`grlufmk pg`mktmumk bmk fgtgtmpmtmk `msm. Iuru/Qmym ogrtgims bmlm` fmwmlmk `msm mimr sg`um mftcvctc bmpmt bcigrmffmk sgamrm gjcsygk.

AMRMRMK

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=:3

Lm`pcrmk = F_CRG_CM XGKCLMCMK

2-7 @mrfmd

?-1 @mrfmd

= @mrfmd

=.Fgmslcmk & Feksgp

  @gkuknuffmk fgmslcmk cbgm

  Qgbgrdmkm bmk dm`pcr sm`m bgkimk cbgm ymki bclcdmt

  Qm`m smdmnm bgkimk cbgm  ocmsm.



  Ogracrcfmk feksgp pg`mkmsmk ileoml 





  Furmki  ogrfeksgpfmk  ogrfeksgpfm k  pg`mkmsmk  pg`mkms mk ileoml

  Rcmbm  ogrfeksgpfmk  pg`mkmsmk  pg`mkmsm k ileoml





?. Frgmtcvctc

Qmkimt frgmtcj bmrc sgic pgrsg`omdmk bmk `gkmrcf

Furmki frgmtcj bmk furmki `gkmrcf

Rcmbm frgmtcvctc bmk tcbmf `gkmrcf

1. Fgrnmsm`m

Qg`um mdlc  ogfgrnmsm`mm  ogfgrnmsm`

Qgomdmicmk mdlc tcbmf `g`mckfmk  pgrmkmk

Dmkym bclmfsmkmfmkk elgd sgermki mdlc smdmnm

Lm`pcrmk ?

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=98

Lm`pcrmk 1

]umbrr mkt @ ]umb @mp mp ‑  ]umbr  ]umbr mkt M atc atc vcty (Mftcvctc Ogrg`pmt)

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=9=

_MKAMKIMK XGKIMNM_MK DM_CMK XGKBCBCFMK CQLM@ RCKIFMRMK

RG@XMR

RM_CFD/ DM_C

@MQM

OCBMKI/ RG@M

MFCBMD / FGRMMRMK @MLMCFMR

QRMKBM_B FMKBWKIMK

1.: @gru`usfmk fgc`mkmk fgpmbm `mlmcfmt sgrtm `gkim`mlfmkkym sgamrm ogrmbmo bmk cstcqm`md. 1.:.= @gkymtmfmk `mfsub

ogrc`mk fgpmbm `mlmcfmt

1.:.? @gkymtmfmk bmlcl kmqlc fgwmncpmk ogrc`mk fgpmbm `mlmcfmt. 1.:.1 @gkymtmfmk km`m-km`m `mlmcfmt ogsgrtm tuims. QRMKBM_B XG@OGLMNM_MK

1.:.2 @gkgrmkifmk pgrogzmmk `mlmcfmt ogromkbcki `mkuscm. 1.:.7 @gkidurmcfmk dcf`md ogrc`mk fgpmbm `mlmcfmt bmk `gkiduoukifmctfmk bgkimk fgdcbupmk. 1.:.: @gymfckc bmk `gkidmymtc fgwunubmk `mlmcfmt bgkimk `glmfufmk fgomcfmk bmk `gknmudc fg`ukifmrmk sgamrm ogrmbmo bmk cstcqm`md. Xmbm mfdcr pgkimnmrmk bmk pg`oglmnmrmk, pglmnmr bmpmt > c. @gkygout `mfsub

ogrc`mk fgpmbm `mlmcfmt

cc. @gkymtmfmk QMRW bmlcl kmqlc fgwmncpmk ogrc`mk fgpmbm `mlmcfmt. EONGFRCJ XG@OGLMNM_MK

ccc. @gkygkmrmcfmk =8  km`m `mlmcfmt ogsgrtm tuims. cv. @gkgrmkifmk 1 pgrogzmmk `mlmcfmt ogromkbcki bgkimk `mkuscm. v. @gknglmsfmk 1 dcf`md ogrc`mk fgpmbm `mlmcfmt bmk `gkiduoukifmctfmk bgkimk fgdcbupmk. vc. @gkulcs 1 pgkm`omdomcfmk ymki mfmk bclmfsmkmfmk bmlm` fgdcbupmk.

LMKIFMD XGKIMNM_MK

MFRCZCRC XGKIMNM_MK & XG@OGLMNM_MK 

XGLCOMRMK

Xglmnmr bcpgrbgkimrfmk kmsycb fu`pulmk _mcdmk ogrfmctmk km`m-km`m `mlmcfmt ogsgrtm tuims.

(sgt ckbufsc) 7 `ckct

Lckf >dttps>//www.yeutuog.ae`/ wmtad5v0Gc9rdosE`Ge  

XGKRMFQC_MK JE_@MRCJ 

Qu`omki smrmk  Km`m `mlmcfmt `mlmcfmt bmk tuims ymki `grgfm tmdu. Fgkmpm Mllmd `gkacptmfmk `mlmcfmt5

XG@OG^MMK 

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=9? XGKG_EFMMK (=8 `ckct)

=.Xglmnmr bcomdmicfmk fgpmbm g`pmt fu`pulmk -  Fu`pulmk = ‑  = ‑   Mpmfmd `mfsub ogrc`mk fgpmbm `mlmcfmt bmk kymtmfmk bmlcl kmqlc `gkigkmckym . -  Fu`pulmk ?Mpmfmd km`m `mlmcfmt ymki wmnco fctm tmdu ogsgrtm pgrmkmkkym.

-  Fu`pulmk 1Rgrmkifmk pgrogzmmk `mlmcfmt bgkimk `mkuscm. -  Fu`pulmk 2Mpmfmd fgsmk ogrc`mk fgpmbm `mlmcfmt bmlm` fgdcbupmk `mkuscm. Xglmnmr bcfgdgkbmfc `gkyglgsmcfmk tuimsmk `gkiiukmfmk pgtm c-tdckf ymki sgsumc.

Xgtm pg`cfcrmk bmk  pg`ogktmkimk.  pg`ogktmkimk.

?. @urcb bcogrcfmk `msm uktuf  ogrockamki. Dmscl pgrockam  ogrockamki. pgrockamkimk kimk tgrsgout bcamtmt bmlm` ogktuf pgtm  pg`cfcrmk pmbm pmbm fgrtm fgrtmss sgomf bmk bctm`pml bc sgfglclcki fglms. XGKG_MKIMK ( ?7 `ckct)

Mftcvctc Rdrgg Qtrmy Ekg Qtmy bclmfsmkmfmk. -Iuru `gkiufudfmk fgjmdm`mk  pglmnmr ogrfmctmk g`pmt pgrsemlmk bc mtms.

Rdrgg Qtrmy Ekg Qtmy Qeml nmwmo lcsmk Aekted semlmk> =.  Fgkmpm sgomimc u`mt Cslm` fctm wmnco `gkigtmduc bmlcl kmqlc fgwunubmk fgwunubmk `mlmcfmt5 ?.  @gkimpmfmd `mkuscm  pgrlu `gkigtmduc `gkigtmduc km`m-km` km`m-km`mm `mlmcfmt5 1.  @gkimpmfmd fctm pgrlu `kgigtmduc scjmt-scjmt `mlmcfmt5 - pg`ogktmki uk uktuf tuf mftcvct mftcvctcc ckc mfmk bckclmc bckc lmc elgd fu`pulmk lmck. (runuf oermki oermki ruorcf pg`mrfmdmk)

Xglmnmr bcomdmicfmk bmlm` fu`pulmk `gkicfut tmdmp pgkiumsmmk  pglmnmr. Fu`pl => pglmnmr lg`md Fu`pl ?> pglmnmr sgbgrdmkm Fu`pl 1> pglmnmr sgbgrdmkm Fu`pl 2> pglmnmr ag`grlmki.

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=91 XGKIG@OMKIMK ( =8 `ckct)

Ogrc`mk fgpmbm `mlmcfmt bmpmt `gkimwml mkbm `gkiiukmfmk tglgjek pcktmr bgkimk ocnmf. Durmcfmk dunmd mkbm `gkigkmc pgrkymtmmk bc mtms.

Rdckf-Xmcr-Qdmrg Xglmnmr `gkygbcmfmk dunmd  nmwmpmk. Xglmnmr bcseml sgamrm rmwmf.

@gkiiukmfmk fmgbmd `gktercki. - Xglmnmr lg`md bcpmsmkifmk bgkimk pglmnmr ag`grlmki.

XGKCLMCMK

Iuru `gkigbmrfmk lg`omrmk fgrnm fgpmbm pglmnmr (runuf lm`pcrmk).

XGKWRWX/ _W@WQMK

Iuru `gkidurmcfmk dcf`md ogrc`mk fgpmbm `mlmcfmt bmk `gkmscdmtc pglmnmr supmym sgktcmsm  ogroumt omcf bmk `gk `gknmudc nmudc fg` fg`ukifmrmk ukifmrmk

GLG@GK @G_GKRMQ FW_CFWLW@ (G@F)

-Omdmsm,Kclmcc `urkc,Frgm -Omdmsm,Kclm `urkc,Frgmtcvctc tcvctc & Ckevmsc

KCLMC/ QCFMX

-Fgrnmsm`m,Fgnunurmk,_mscekml,Fgrmnckmk,Fgogrmkcmk bmk Der`mt `gkider`mtc

QR_MRGIC

-Fektgfstuml,, Ckfucrc, FOMR,Xgkyglgsmc -Fektgfstuml FOMR,Xgkyglgsmcmk mk `msml `msmlmd md

XG@OGLMNM_MK MOMB FG-?=

Qu`omki smrmk, Rdrgg strmy ekg stmy, Rdckf-pmcr-sdmrg

OMDMK OMKRW OGLMNM_/ QW@OG_/ _WNWFMK

Fgrtms Qgomf Zcbge Oufu tgfs Lm`mk wgo lckf > dttps>//www.yeutuog.ae`/wmtad5v0Gc9rdosE`Ge   dttp>//smcjulcslm`.ae`/5s0 dttp>//smcjulcslm `.ae`/5s0omkc+mbm` omkc+mbm`  Omkc Mbm`> Mkt Mktmrm mrm fdmlc fdmlcjmd jmd bmk `mfdluf pgres pgresmf mf sgrtm  pgku`pmd  pgku`pm d bmrmd =.Xglmnmrr bmpmt ` =.Xglmnm `g`ckbmdfmk g`ckbmdfmk `mflu`mt bmrc ogktuf gsgc fgpmbm ogktuf pgtm c-tdckf bgkimk  omcf sgrtm ogrnmym ` `gkym` gkym`pmcfmk pmcfmk `mf `mflu`mt lu`mt fgpmbm rmfmk-rmfm rmfmk-rmfmkkym kkym bgki bgkimk mk ogrmkc bmk frg frgmtcj. mtcj.

_GJLGFQC

?.Xglmnmr pgrlu `gkckifmtfmk fgpgfmmk tgrdmbmp bmlcl kmqlc fgwmncpmk sgsumtu pgrfmrm. 1.Xglmnmr nuim pgrlu `gkckifmtfmk fg`mdcrmk ogrfe`ukcfmsc sgrtm pgkiurusmk `msm ymki omcf.

AMRMRMK

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=92

LM@XC_MK  Km`m>……………………………………………………………….    Km`m>………………………………………………………………. Fglms >………………………………………………………………

 Qemlm  Qem lmk k lmt lmtcdmk omo O gr c` c`m mk F gpmbm `mlmcf lmcfm mt M.Rmkbmfmk ( / ) pmbm pgrkymtmmk ymki ogtul bmk ( T ) pmbm pgrkymtmmk ymki smlmd> =.  @mlmcfmt bcnmbcfmk bmrcpmbm amdmym

(

)

?.  @mlmcfmt ncormcl `gkym`pmcfmk wmdyu bmk `gkcup smkifmfmlm

(

)

1.  @mlmcfmt _mfco `gkamtmt m`mlmk omcf bmk nmdmt `mkuscm

(

)

2.  Qg`um `mlmcfmt mfmk ogrtmsocd fgpmbm Mllmd bmk `gkmkiiuki mrmsy

(

)

7.  Xgrogzmmk mktmrm `mlmcfmt bmk `mkuscm bmrc mspgf scjmt cmlmd nmktckm

(

)

:.  Bmlcl kmqlc tgktmki fgwmncpmk ogrc`mk fgpmbm `mlmcfmt mbmlmd bmlm` surmd ml-Omqmrmd mymt 1

(

)

9.  W`mt Cslm` tcbmf mfmk `grmsm omdmicm sgfcrmkym tcbmf ogrc`mk fgpmbm `mlmcfmt

(

)

O. Rulcs 1 pgruomdmk pesctcj ymki ckick mkbm lmfufmk sgtglmd `g`pglmnmrc tmnuf ckc>

=. UUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUU

?. UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UU

1.UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU 1.UUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUU

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=97

_WO_CF XG@M_FMDMK OMIC XG@OGKRMKIMK MFRCZCRC RD_GG QR_MS EKG QRMS Ocl =.

?.

1.

Xgrfmrm Xgkym`pmcmk -  Qumrm -  Omdmsm

_uorcf =-1> Lg`md 2-9> Qgbgrdmkm 4-=8> Ag`grlmki

Csc fmkbukimk/ Xgkiumsmmk suo tepcf

=-1> Lg`md 2-9> Qgbgrdmkm 4-=8> Ag`grlmki

/=8

Frgmtcvctc -  Imym

=-1> Lg`md 2-9> Qgbgrdmkm 4-=8> Ag`grlmki

/=8

NW@LMD

@mrfmd /=8

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=9:

_MKAMKIMK XGKIMNM_MK DM_CMK XGKBCBCFMK @E_ML 

RCKIFMRMK

?

FGLMQ

RM_CFD

@CKIIW

RG@XMR RG@M/REXCF/ OCBMKI XGLMNM_MK QRMKBM_B FMKBWKIMK

@MQM FGDMBC_MK

OCBMKI 1 > DWOWKIMK MKRM_M BC_C, FE@WKCRC & @MQSM_MFMR   1.2 Lckbukic Mlm` Qgfctmr

QRMKBM_B XG@OGLMNM_MK

1.2.2 @gkifmnc fgsmk mftcvctc `mkuscm tgrdmbmp fgsgc`omkimk mlm` sgfctmr 1.2.7 @gkigfsprgscfmk pgrmsmmk mpmoclm `glcomtfmk bcrc bmlm` mftcvctc `glckbukic mlm` sgfctmr. 1.2.: @gkim`mlfmk tckifmd lmfu fg mrmd `glckbukic mlm` sgfctmr

EONGFRCJ XG@OGLMNM_MK/ F_CRG_CM FGNMSMMK

Xmbm mfdcr pgkimnmrmk bmk pg`oglmnmrmk, pglmnmr bmpmt >

LMKIFMDLMKIFMD XGKILCOMRMK

c.  @gkygkmrmcfmk tcim fgsmk mftcvctc `mkuscm tgrdmbmp mlm` sgfctmr. cc.  @gkuknuffmk pgrmsmmk ymki pesctcj mpmoclm `glcomtfmk bcrc bmlm` mftcvctc mlm` sgfctmr `glmluc scfmp ymki pesctcj ccc.  @gknmbcfmk scfmp `gknmim mlm` sgfctmr sgomimc m`mlmk bmlm` fgdcbupmk sgdmrcmk. MFRCZCRC XGKIMNM_MK & XG@OGLMNM_MK

XG@OG^MMK

XGKRMFQC_MK JE_@MRCJ

-  Iuru `gkuknuffmk im`omr pusmt pgkiu`pulmk sm`pmd bc fmwmsmk `mftmo. -  Iuru ogrseml nmwmo bgkimk pglmnmr. Aekted semlmk>

c. Mbmfmd tg`pmt ckc tgrurus5 cc. Mpmfmd pgrmsmmk mkbm mpmoclm `glcdmt fgmbmmk lekiiefmk sm`pmd sgogickc5 -  Iuru `gkimctfmk sctumsc bgkimk pgkimnmrmk dmrc ckc XGKG_EFMMK

-  Xglmnmr bcomdmicfmk fgpmbm 1 fu`pulmk -  Iuru `gkigbmrfmk 1

1 fu`pulmk pglmnmr >    Fu`pulmk M> 

Mftcvctc pglgpmsmk msmp fclmki (Lm`pcrmk =)   Fu`pulmk O> Xg`omfmrmk tgroufm (Lm`pcrmk ?)   Fu`pulmk A> Xgkag`mrmk (Lm`pcrmk 1)

fgpcki im`omr ymki `gkuknuffmk imkiiumk `mkuscm tgrdmbmp mlm` sgfctmr.





XGKIG@OMKIMK

-  Ogrbmsmrfmk im`omr ymki bcogrcfmk Fu`pulmk M bc`cktm uktuf `gkymtmfmk tcim fgsmk mftcvctc tgrsgout bmlm` ogktuf  pgtm `ckbm. `ckbm.(tgfkcf Xgtm @ckbm/  @c @c kb @mp @mpp pcki ) 

Xg`ogzmmk mspgf FMKBWKIMK cmctu> Xgtm `ckbm

-  Fgsmk  pgkag`mrmk  pgkag`m rmk ubmrm

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=99

-  Gfsprgsc  pgrmsmmk// fgsmk  pgrmsmmk  pg`omfmrmk  pg`omf mrmk tgrouf tgroufmm -  Lmkifmd `gkimkimkc  pgkag`mrmk  pgkag`m rmk sukim sukimcc

_unuf lm`mk wgo> dttps>//`s.wcfcpgbcm.eri.wcfc/ Xgkag`mrmkUubmrm   Xgkag`mrmkUubmrm -  Qgtcmp mdlc Fu`pulmk O bc`cktm uktuf `gkulcs mbumk  pgr`msmlmdmk.  pgr`msm lmdmk. Mbum Mbumk k tgrsgout bcfu`pulfmk bmk fu`pulmk tgrsgout bcfgdgkbmfc `gkulcs surmt rms`c fgpmbm Nmomtmk Mlm` Qgfctmr ogrfmctmk bgkimk csu ymki ogrlmfu (tgfkcf N et Rdeuidts)  Rektek Seutuog> Zcbge Xg`omfmrmk Rgroufm bc Mygr Rmwmr Xgrmf Mtmu Zcbge Xg`omfmrmk Rgroufm Dmnm Jmczml -  Qg`um mdlc fu`ulmk A `g`ockamkifmk fg`ukifckmk semlmk-semlmk ymki mfmk bcmnufmk elgd fu`pulmk lmck. Qgermki wmfcl fu`pulmk tm`pcl bc dmbmpmk fglms bmk `gknmwmo semlmk (tgfkcf Fgrusc Xmkms/ D et Q gmt )  Rektek Seutuog> Zcbge Xgkag`mrmk Mcr g`mcl rgrg  

XGKG_MKIMK

-  Ymfcl sgtcmp fu`pulmk mfmk `g`ogktmkifmk dmscl tuimsmk . -  Qg`msm sgsc  pg`ogktmkimk,  pg`ogk tmkimk, fu` fu`pulmk pulmk ym ymki ki `gkbgkimr pgrlu ogrtmkymfmk semlmk.

Net tdeuidts

Xg`ogzmmk mspgf X_EBWF uktuf  pg`ogktmkimk.  pg`ogk tmkimk. Ruimsmk bcogrcfmk  ogrbmsmrfmk  ogrbmsmrf mk fgagrbmsmk pglomimc cmctu> =. Xgtm @ckbm ?. Net ?. Net Rdeuidts Rdeuidts   1. Fgrusc Xmkms

Fgrusc pmkms Qemlmk Ogrbmsmrfmk Jmftm> Rgfkcf tcim sgrmkifmc MO-A

=.Migksc `mkmfmd ymki tgrlcomt bmlm`  pgkiumtfumsmmk mmftm  pgkiumtfumsmmk ftm  ogrfmctmk mlm` mlm` sgfctm sgfctmr5 r5 ?. Ogrcfmk km`m lgkifmp mftm ogrfmctmk mlm` sgfctmr 1. Mpmfmd pgrmkmk XG_DCLCRMK5

Qemlmk Ogrbmsmrfmk Feksgp>

=. Rgrmkifmk fgsmk  pgkag`mrmk  pgkag` mrmk sukim sukimcc tgrdmbmp dcbupmk mfumtcf. Qemlmk Ogrbmsmrfmk Xgrbgomtmk>

=. Qgnmud`mkmfmd pglmnmr bc sgfelmd ckc `gkim`mlfmk scfmp `gknmim mlm` sgfctmr5

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=94

XGKCLMCMK

XGKWRWX/ _W@WQMK

Iuru `g`oumt pgktmfscrmk jer`mtcj fg mtms pg`ogktmkimk sgtcmp fu`pulmk. 

_uorcf pg`mrfmdmk  pg`ogktmkimk  pg`ogk tmkimk

-  Qgtcmp pglmnmr bc`cktm `gkulcs QMRW pgrmsmmk mpmoclm `glcomtfmk bcrc bmlm` mftcvctc pg`glcdmrmmk mlm` sgpgrtc Qm`outmk Dmrc Ou`c ymki tglmd `grgfm sgrtmc. (lm`pcrmk 2)

Rgfkcf ekg sgktgkag su``mry

-  Iuru `g`oumt ru`usmk  pgkimnmrmk pmbm dmrc ckc.  pgkimnmrmk

GLG@GK @G_GKRMQ FW_CFWLW@ (G@F) 

 KCLMC/ QCFMX

QR_MRGIC

XG@OGLMNM_MK MOMB FG -?=

OMDMK OMKRW

(runuf Lm`pcrmk 7) 

Qemlmk Ogrbmsmrfmk Xgrbgomtmk>

=. Mbmfmd wmnmr sgsgermki  pglmnmr `glcomtfmk `glcomtfmk bcrc bmlm` mftcvctc pgknmimmk mlm` sgfctmr bmlm` fe`ukctc `msymrmfmt tg`pmt tckiimlkym5 Ogrc mlmsmk mkbm.

Fglgstmrcmk mlm` sgfctmr, Kclmc `urkc, Frgmtcvctc bmk ckevmsc, Omdmsm

Fmscd smycki, Ogrtmkiiukinmwmo, _mscekml, Fgrnmsm`m, Fgrmnckmk

Fekstruftc Fekstruftcvcs`g, vcs`g, Fgagrbmsmk pglomimc, Fektgfstuml

Xgtm `ckbm/ @ckb `ckbm/ @ckb @mppcki, @mppcki, Amtmtmk jcfcrmk/ Net jcfcrmk/ Net Rdeuidt, Fgrusc Xmkms/ Det Xmkms/ Det Qgmt, Rcim sgrmkifmc M-O-A, Ekg Qgktgkag Qu``mry

Lm`pcrmk =, Lm`pcrmk?, Lm`pcrmk 1, Lm`pcrmk 2, Lm`pcrmk 7 Lm`mk wgo>  wgo> dttps>//`s.wcfcpgbcm.eri.wcfc/Xgkag`mrmkUubmrm 

OGLMNM_/QW@OG_ _WNWFMK

Seutuog> Zcbge Xg`omfmrmk Rgroufm bc Mygr Rmwmr Xgrmf   bge e X g`om omfmr fmrmk mk R gr oufm D mnm Jmczml J mczml Mtmu Z c bg Seutuog> Zcbge Xgkag`mrmk Mcr g`mcl rgrg 

_GJLGFQC

 Mftcvctc pglmnmr bcomdmicf bcomdmicfmk mk `gki `gkicfut cfut fgagkb fgagkbgrukimk grukimk pglomimc sg sgpgrtc pgrtc vcsuml rumk rumki, i, vgroml lckiustcf, fckgstgtcf bmk Kmturmlcs uktuf `gkyglgsmcfmk tuimsmk ymki bcogrcfmk elgd iuru.  Mftcvctc ckc smkimt smkimt omius ffgrmkm grmkm rm` rm`mc mc pglmnmr b bmpmt mpmt `gke `gkeknelfmk knelfmk om omfmt fmt bmk `c `ckmt kmt `mscki`mscki ymki ogrogzm-ogzm.

Qgtcmp fu`pulmk bcogrcfmk =8-=7 `ckct uktuf `gkyglgsmcfmk tuimsmk tgrsgout. Rg`ped ymki mimf sckifmt km`uk `gkaufupc. Qmym pgrlu ocnmf `gkimwml `msm.

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=93

 Xgkgfmkmk fgpmbm sgtcmp fu`p  Xgkgfmkmk fu`pulmk ulmk mbmlm mbmlmd d uktuf `g `gkamrc kamrc `mflu `mflu`mt `mt bmrcpm bmrcpmbm bm su`og su`ogrr ymki  smdcd bmk tgpmt.Ckc pgk pgktcki tcki uktuf `gkiglmff `gkiglmffmk mk sctumsc pglmnmr tcbmf mftcj ((slggpcki slggpcki pmr pmrtkgr) tkgr)

 XbX `ckiiu ckc bcmfdcrc bg bgkimk kimk pg pglmnmr-pglmnmr lmnmr-pglmnmr `g `gkymtmfm kymtmfmk k pgkbmp pgkbmpmt mt `grgfm sg sgrtm rtm `gkigfsprgscfmk pgrmsmmk `grgfm bmlm` mspgf pg`glcdmrmmk mlm` sgfctmr sgamrm ogrtulcs. Amrm ckc bclmfsmkmfmk supmym `grgfm `g`ocmsmfmk bcrc `grgfm `gkymtmfmk pgkbmpmt `grgfm bgkimk ogtul bmk `gkiiukmfmk omdmsm ymki ogtul.Rgfkcf ckc smkimt `gkmrcf `ckmt pglmnmr bmk wmnmr bctgrusfmk bctgrusfmk..

Iuru `g`ogrcfmk tuimsmk ogrfu`pulmk cmctu Xrengf Qubut Lgstmrc bmk Qubut Fctmr Qg`ulm. AMRMRMK

Xglmnmr pgrlu `gkycmpfmk tuimsmk bmlm` tg`ped bum `ckiiu. *Ruimsmk bckclmc uktuf `g`gkudc QX 1.2.: 

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=48

Lm`pcrmk =

Lm`pcrmk ?

Lm`pcrmk 1 

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=4=

Lm`pcrmk 2

Ekg Ek g Qgktgkag Qgktgkag Qu Qu` ``m `mrr y Km`m > Fglms > Mpmfmd ymki mkbm jmdm` `glmluc tepcf ymki bcockamkifmk pmbm dmrc ckc5  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUU

Kymtmfmk pgrmsmmk mkbm sgwmftu `gkygrtmc mftcvctc Qm`outmk Dmrc Ou`c5  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUU

Kymtmfmk ambmkimk uktuf pgkm`omdomcfmk tepcf ymki mkbm pglmnmrc pmbm dmrc ckc.  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUU

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=4?

Lm`pcrmk 7 _uorcf Xg`mrfmd Xg`mrfmdmk mk @mrfmd

 Km`m fu`pulmk>

fgsglurudmk>

FG@MDC_MK (=8 @M_FMD) =-1 `mrfmd

2-: `mrfmd

9-=8 `mrfmd

Qmkimt lg`md bmlm` `gkgrefm bmk omkymf fglg`mdmk bmlm` mspgf tgrtgktu.

Furmki fg`mdcrmk bmlm` `gkgrefm bmk `g`pukymc fglg`mdmk bmlm` mspgf tgrtgktu.

Ogrfg`mdcrmk bmlm` `gkgrefm bmk `m`pu `gkidmsclfmk dmscl fgrnm ymki frgmtcj bmk tgpmt.

FGFG@MQMK (=8 @M_FMD) =-1 `mrfmd

2-: `mrfmd

9-=8 `mrfmd

Dmscl fmrym ymki furmki  ogrfumlctc bmk ogr`utu

Rgrbmpmt ogogrmpm fglg`mdmk ymki  pgrlu bcogrc pgrdmtcmk

Dmscl fmrym smkimt fg`ms bmk ogrfumlctc bmlm` sg`um mspgf

QCFMX, QMDQCMD BMK FG_NMQM@M(=8 @M_FMD) =-1 `mrfmd

2-: `mrfmd

9-=8 `mrfmd

Rcbmf `gkgpmtc acrc scfmp,

Qcfmp, smdscmd bmk fgrnmsm`m ymki

@g`pukymc scfmp,

smdscmd bmk fgrnmsm`m ymki  omcf.

`mscd oelgd bcpupuf bmk bcogrc  pgrdmtcmk.

smdscmd bmk fgrnmsm`m ymki smkimt omcf

Qgermki mtmu bum mdlc smdmnm ymki `g`ogrc fe`ct`gk

Qgermki mtmu bum mdlc smdmnm ymki tcbmf fe`ctgb.

Qg`um mdlc `g`upuf fgrnmsm`m ymki `mktmp bmk nctu

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=41

_MKAMKIMK XGKIMNM_MK DM_CMK QWONGF > OMDMQM M_MO RCKIFMRMK

FGLMQ

?

RM_CFD

@CKIIW

@MQM

RG@XMR

FGDMBC_MK

RG@M/REXCF/ OCBMKI XG@OGLMNM_MK

‫خ‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ك‬‫ا‬  ‫ةة‬ (Lmwmtmk fg zee)

QRMKBM_B FMKBWKIMK

=.= @gkbgkimr pgrfmtmmk bmk `g`ogrc `mflu` omlms `gkicfut sctumsc. ?.= @gkygout pgrfmtmmk bgkimk sgoutmk mrmo ymki jmscd. 1.= @g`omam pgrfmtmmk bgkimk ogtul bmk `g`mdm`c amrm pgkiiukmmkym. 2.= @gkulcs pgrfmtmmk bgkimk ogtul.

QRMKBM_B XG@OGLMNM_MK

=.=.2 @gkbgkimr pgrfmtmmk bmk `g`ogrc `mfkmkym. ?.=.= @gkuturfmk pgrfmtmmk bgkimk sgoutmk ymki ogtul `gkicfut scjmt duruj bmk `mfdrmnkym. 1.=.? @g`omam pgrfmtmmk bgkimk cktekmsc ymki ogtul. 2.=.= @gkiiukmfmk fmgbmd-fmgbmd pgkulcsmk msms bmlm` pgkulcsmk  pgrfmtmmk.  pgrfmtmm k.

Xmbm mfdcr pgkimnmrmk bmk pg`oglmnmrmk, pglmnmr bmpmt > EONGFRCJ XG@OGLMNM_MK / F_CRG_CM FGNMSMMK

=) @g`mbmkfmk pgrfmtmmk ymki bcbgkimr bmk bctulcs. ?) @gkuturfmk bmk `g`omam pgrfmtmmk bgkimk sgoutmk ymki ogtul 1) @gkbgkimr, `gkuturfmk bmk `gkulcs pgrfmtmmk. 2) @g`ogrc `mfkm pgrfmtmmk ymki bcpglmnmrc. 7) @gkgrmkifmk tcim acrc-acrc dmcwmk ymki tglmd bcpglmnmrc.

LMKIFMD-

MFRCZCRC

LMKIFMD

XGKIMNM_MK & XG@OGLMNM_MK  QGR CKBWFQC

XGKILCOMRMK (7 `ckct)

Iuru `g`pgrbgkimrfmk `glmluc rmfm`mk vcbge oukyc ockmtmki sgpgrtc lg`ou, mym` bmk ctcf.

XGKRMFQC_MK JE_@MRCJ 

XG@OG^MM K 

Qemlmk ymki bctmkym > Qcmpmfmd smym5 Bc `mkmfmd smym tckiiml5 Xglmnmr `gkymtmfmk km`m dmcwmkdmcwmk tgrsgout bmk dmoctmtkym. Xglmnmr `gkektek vcbge tgktmki dmcwmk-dmcwmk bc bmlm` zee. Fg`ubcmk pglmnmr `gkiglumrfmk km`m-km`m dmcwmk ymki tgrbmpmt XGKG_EFMMK (=8 `ckct)

@gkygkmrmcfmk 7 km`m dmcwmk

bc bmlm` vcbge tgrsgout. Qgtcmp pglmnmr pgrlu `gkbmpmtfmk sgfurmki-furmkikym 7 km`m dmcwmk. Xglmnmr mfmk `grunuf fm`us uktuf `gkbmpmtfmk km`mkm`m ockmtmki bc bmlm` zee

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=42

bmlm` omdmsm mrmo. Xglmnmr `gkulcs km`m dmcwmk tgrsgout bc mtms fgrtms fg`ubcmk 1 ermki  pglmnmr mfmk mfmk bcpclcd uktu uktuf f `g`omamfmkkym bc dmbmpmk fglms.

Xglmnmr bcomdmicfmk fgpmbm 7 fu`pulmk. Qgtcmp fu`pulmk mfmk bcogrcfmk ?  pgrfmtmmk  pgrfmtmm k (km`m ockm ockmtmki) tmki) ym ymki ki bcm`ocl bmrcpmbm oufu tgfs. Xglmnmr pgrtm`m bmk fgbum mfmk `glmfekfmk pgrfmtmmk tgrsgout. Xglmnmr ymki lmck bmlm` fu`pulmk tgrsgout mfmk `gkygout bmk `gkulcs pgrfmtmmk tgrsgout. (relg plmy)

XGKG_MKIMK (?8 `ckct)

Ymfcl mfmk fgbmrcpmbm dmbmpmksgtcmp fglmsfu`pulmk bmk `glmfekfmk pgrfmtmmk ymki bcogrcfmk. Xglmnmr lmck mfmk `gkygoutfmk pgrfmtmmk tgrsgout fg`ubcmk `gkulcskym bc pmpmk  putcd.

@gkygout bmk `gkulcs km`m dmcwmk tgrsgout

 _elg plmy bmlm` fu`pulmk fgacl plmy bmlm`

Iuru `gkuknuffmk im`omr ( jlmsd amrb ) ogogrmpm dmcwmk bmk `g`cktm pglmnmr `gkygoutfmk km`m dmcwmk tgrsgout. Fg`ubcmk iuru `gkuknuffmk im`omr km`m dmcwmk tgrsgout bmk `g`cktm  pglmnmr `g`omamky `g`omamkym. m. ((uscki uscki lmrig  pcaturg amrbs amrbs) Iuru `gkgrmkifmk ngkcs fmtgierc dmcwmk lcmr bmk nckmf ogrbmsmrfmk km`m-km`m dmcwmk ymki tglmd bcpglmnmrc `gkiiukmfmk csymrmt tmkimk. (fmkmk > nckmf, fcrc > lcmr). Iuru `gkimkifmt tmkimk fmkmk bmk fcrc sgamrm ogrulmki-ulmki

Xcaturg Amrbs (Fmb C`oms)

Xglmnmr `g`oumt smtu fu`pulmk fgacl. Qgtcmp  pglmnmr bcogrc bcogrc smtu pgrfmtmmk. Xglmnmr ymki  pgrtm`m mfmk mfmk `gkygoutfmk smtu pgrfmtmmk ymki bctgrc`m. Xglmnmr fgbum mfmk `gkiulmki fg`omlc  pgrfmtmmk  pgrfmtmm k ymki  pgrtm`m bmk bmk `gkygout  pgrfmtmmk ymki  pgrfmtmmk bctgrc`mkym. Qgtglmd sglgsmc  pmbm pglmnmr pglmnmr ymki tgrmfdcr, sg`um pglmnmr

sgdckiim pglmnmr bmpmt `gkygout bmk `gkiulmkic ngkcs fmtgierc  ockmtmki.

 pgrlu `gkygout `gkygout fg`omlc sg`um  pgrfmtmmk  pgrfmtmm k ymki bcbgkimr.  (Xgrfmtmmk bcm`ocl bmrcpmbm oufu tgfs).

Iuru `gkiunc pglmnmr bgkimk `gkygout pgrfmtmmk km`m-km`m dmcwmk bmk pglmnmr `gkimkifmt tmkimk fmkmk mtmu fcrc uktuf `gkymtmfmk ngkcs dmcwmk tgrsgout.

XGKIG@OMKIMK (=8 `ckct)

Iuru `glgfmtfmk pgrfmtmmk scjmt dmcwmk bc pmpmk putcd bmk pglmnmr `gkm`pml km`m-km`m dmcwmk `gkicfut scjmtkym.

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=47

Iuru `g`oumt tgfm-tgfc  ogrfgkmmk dmcwmk b  ogrfgkmmk bmk mk `g` `g`cktm cktm  pglmnmr `gknmwmo `gknmwmo tgf tgfm-tgfc m-tgfc tgrsgout. Qemlmk > =. Qcmpmfmd smym5 ?. Mbmfmd smym nckmf mtmu lcmr5

Xglmnmr `gkiflmscjcfmscfmk dmcwmk `gkicfut ngkcs

Rgfm sclmki fmtm Iuru `g`cktm pglmnmr `gkyglgsmcfmk tgfm sclmki fmtm ymki bcsgbcmfmk.

Xglmnmr `gkygkmrmcfmk bmk `gkulcs fg`omlc pgrfmtmmk pgrfmtmmk  pgrfmtmm k ymki tglm tglmd d bcpglmnmrc bmlm` oufu fgrnm.

XGKCLMCMK =8 `ckct

XGKWRWX/ _W@WQMK

GLG@GK

Xglmnmr ymki lg`md bcogrc duruj-duruj dcnmcymd uktuf bcsusuk `g`ogktuf km`m dmcwmk.

@G_GKRMQ FW_CFWLW@ (G@F)

OMDMQM / FGLGQRM_CMK MLM@ QGFCRM_ / QMCKQ BMK RGFKELEIC

KCLMC / QCFMX

FG_NMQM@M,, OG_MKC,F_GMRC FG_NMQM@M OG_MKC,F_GMRCJ J

QR_MRGIC

XG@OGLMNM_MK MOMB FG-?=

FEKRGFQRWML FEKRGFQRWM L / FEKQR_WFRCZCQ@G

_ELG XLMS / WQCKI LM_IG XCARW_G AM_BQ / QC@WLMQC

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=4:

OMDMK OMKRW OGLMNM_/ QW@OG_/ _WNWFMK

OWFW RGFQ OMDMQM M_MO LG@OM_MK FG_NM FMB C@OMQ Aekted rgjlgfsc

_GJLGFQC

=) Repcf ckc ogrnmym `gkmrcf `ckmt pglmnmr-pglmnmr fgrmkm `glcomtfmk pglomimc oukyc dmcwmk. ?) Zcbge flcp lmiu ymki bctmymkifmk pgrlu bculmki sgomkymf ? mtmu 1 fmlc fgrmkm lmiu tgrsgout rmkamf ymki `g`grlufmk pglmnmr jefus. 1) Xglmnmr dmkym bmpmt `gkiglumrfmk ogogrmpm km`m dmcwmk bmrcpmbm vcbge ymki bctektek.  Km`uk, fmgbmd fmgbmd ckc bm bmpmt pmt `gkm` `gkm`omdfmk omdfmk f fesm esm fmtm pg pglmnmr. lmnmr. 2) Mktmrm fglg`mdmk pglmnmr mbmlmd imiml `gkygoutfmk ? pgrfmtmmk bgkimk omcf `gkicfut ‫ة‬ bmk ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬. Iuru pgrlu `gkiulmkic sgoutmk pgrfmtmmk tgrsgout bc dmbmpmk sgoutmk mrmo cmctu > ‫أ‬‫ة‬  pglmnmr. 7) Mftcvctc `glmfekfmk wmtmf dmcwmk bmpmt `gkmrcf `ckmt pglmnmr bmk `gknmbcfmk fglms  ogrtm`omd agrcm. Km`uk, ogogrmpm pglmnmr furmki ogrfgy  ogrtm`omd ogrfgymfckmk mfckmk bmk `mlu uktuf `glmfekfm `glmfekfmk k wmtmf dmcwmk bc dmbmpmk fglms. Iuru pgrlu `glmfekfmk wmtmf tgrsgout sm`ocl bccfutc elgd pglmnmr.

‫ةة‬ bmk  ‫وو‬‫ة‬ bgkimk `ubmd fgrmkm tgrbmpmt igrmfmk :) Xglmnmr bmpmt `gkickimtc pgrfmtmmk   ombmk pmbm pmbm mftcvctc tgrs tgrsgout. gout. 9) Xglmnmr-pglmnmr mftcj bmk `g`ogrcfmk fgrnmsm`m bmlm` `gkyglgsmcfmk tgfm-tgfc bmk tgfm sclmki fmtm. Mftcvctc ckc oelgd bclmfufmk sg`ulm pmbm pg`oglmnmrmk mfmk bmtmki. Mftcvctc ckc `gkiunc `ckbm bmk tmdmp ckimtmk pglmnmr.

Xglmnmr-pglmnmr bcogrc fgrnm ru`md (dmlm`mk 1= oufu lmtcdmk). Xgrlu bcdmktmr sgoglu` 1/9/?8=4. AMRMRMK

Qg`um pglmnmr dmbcr.

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=49

Lm`pcrmk

‫ؠ‬‫ة‬ ‫ة‬ 

‫ةة‬  

‫ةة‬  

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=44

‫ةة‬  

 ‫ؽةة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬ 

‫إأ‬‫ةة‬ 

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=43

‫ةة‬  

‫ي‬‫ة‬ ‫ة‬ 

‫ةة‬  

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=38

‫ةق‬‫ة‬ ‫ة‬ 

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=3=

‫ة‬ ‫ ة‬ 

‫ر‬ ‫ةة‬ 

‫ةق‬ ‫ةة‬ 

‫ةة‬  

‫ةة‬  

‫ي‬ ‫ةة‬ 

‫ؠ‬‫ة‬ ‫ة‬ 

‫إأ‬‫ةة‬ 

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=3?

Oumt nmdmt sglmlu bcfgam`, Oumt omcf sglmlu bcpunm, Ockmtmki ckc icickym Fmlmu ogrgdmt `ulut tmnm`, tgrkimkim, ( ‫ؠ‬‫ة‬ ‫ة‬ )

@mkcs sukiiud oumd `glmfm, Bcoumt elgd sc mkmf bmrm, Lgdgrkym pmknmki tcbmf tgrfcrm, Rmpc `mfmk puauf pefef smdmnm. (  ‫ؽةة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬ )

Xmf Lg`mk sgermki kglmymk,  pgric fg lmut sgtcmp pmic, mpmfmd ockmtmki dmrmp kymtmfmk, tcmbm fmfc oelgd ogrlmrc. (

‫ةة‬ ) 

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=31

=

?

2 =

1

?

1 7

2

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=32

> ‫إ‬‫س‬ ‫ س‬ 

‫ءء‬  .‫ؿ‬‫ة‬ ‫ة‬  ‫دد‬ ‫لءء‬ ‫ؽ‬‫ج‬‫ة‬ ‫ة‬   )=  . UUUUUUU ‫ةي‬  ‫ةة‬ )?  .UUUUUUUUU ‫ةق‬‫ة‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ه‬  ‫ةة‬ )1  ‫ءء‬  . ‫ه‬‫ة‬ ‫ة‬  ‫دد‬ ‫لءء‬  ‫ةة‬  ‫ز‬‫ءس‬ )2  ‫ى‬  )7 

>    ‫ه‬ ‫ةة‬  ‫ةي‬‫ة‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ق‬‫ءع‬ ‫ى‬  )=  ‫ةة‬ ‫ف‬ )?   ‫ء‬ ‫ء‬  .‫ه‬‫ةة‬ ‫د‬ ‫د‬ ‫لءء‬ ‫ج‬‫ةة‬ ‫ك‬‫س‬  ‫ءء‬ )1    ‫ى‬  )2 

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=37

XG@OG^MMK   

‫أ‬ 

‫ة‬ 

‫ؠ‬ 

‫ق‬ 

 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUU  0

‫ؤ‬ 

‫ق‬ 

‫ة‬ 

‫ؤ‬ 

‫ؾ‬ 

‫ة‬ 

 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUU 0 

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=3:

_MKAMKIMK XGKIMNM_MK DM_CMK QWONGF > _GFM OGKRWF BMK RGFKELEIC RCKIFMRMK

BWM

RM_CFD RG@XMR

FGLMQ @CKIIW

@MQM

OGKIFGL _OR / @MF@ML FE@XWRG_

FGDMBC_MK

RG@M/REXCF/ OCBMKI XG@OGLMNM_MK

QRMKBM_B FMKBWKIMK

QRMKBM_B XG@OGLMNM_MK

MXLCFMQC RGFKELEIC / _GFM OGKRWF BMK RGFKELEIC  

?.7 _gfm Ogktuf Mfumpekcf

?.7.= 

@gkymtmfmk `mfsub bmk `gkgrmkifmk rgfm ogktuf scstg` mfumpekcf.

?.7.? 

@gknglmsfmk fglgocdmk rgfm ogktuf mfumpekcf.

?.7.1 

@gkigkml pmstc fe`pekgk mfumpekcf.

?.7.2 

@glmfmr rgfm ogktuf scstg` mfumpekcf ogr`mflu`mt.

Xmbm mfdcr pgkimnmrmk bmk pg`oglmnmrmk, pglmnmr bmpmt > =.@gkymtmfmk `mfsub rgfm ogktuf scstg` mfumpekcf bgkimk ogtul. F_CRG_CM FGNMSMMK

?.@gkgrmkifmk 2 fglgocdmk rgfm ogktuf scstg` mfumpekcf bgkimk omcf. 1. @gkygkmrmcfmk 2 fe`pekgk mfumpekcf bgkimk ogtul 2.@g`oumt 1 lmfmrmk bmk `g`ockm = `ebgl rgfm ogktuf scstg` mfumpekcf bmrcpmbm lmfmrmk tgromcf.

LMKIFMD-LMKIFMD

MFRCZCRC XGKIMNM_MK & XG@OGLMNM_MK

XGKRMFQC_MK JE_@MRCJ 

XG@OG^MMK 

N

K 

QGR CKBWFQC

Iuru `gkigbmrfmk / `gkuknuffmk omdmk bmrcpmbm `mnmlmd Xgrtmkcmk mtmu Zcbge tgktmki mfumpekcf / csu-csu lumr.

Xglomimc fmgbmd pgkmkm`mk sgpgrtc mfumpekcf, dcbrepekcf, jgrtcimsc bmk `gkiiukmfmk `gbcm tmkmd.

Qeml nmwmo > =.   Kymtmfm  Kymtmfmk k pukam pukam ogrlmfuky ogrlmfukymm  pgkag`mrmk.  pgkag` mrmk. ?.   Kymtmfm  Kymtmfmk k fmgbmd  pgkmkm`mk  pgkmkm` mk ymki mmkbm kbm tmdu.

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=39

XGLCOMRMK/ XGKG_EFMMK

Qgamrm ogrpmsmkimk pglmnmr bcogrc tuimsmk Qtmkbmrb Xg`oglmnmrmk ymki ogrogzm. Xglmnmr `g`oumt pg`omammk, `glmymrc cktgrkgt, ogrockamki bmk `gkygbcmfmk omdmk  pg`ogktmkimk.  pg`ogk tmkimk. Qglgpms pgrockamkimk bmk  pgrfekiscmk  pgrfeki scmk omdmk mktmrm fu`pulmk yi `g`pukymc tmnuf sm`m, pglmnmr bcfgdgkbmfc `gkygbcmfmk omdmk  pg`ogktmkimk  pg`ogk tmkimk `g `gkicfut kicfut frgmtcvctc `mscki-` `mscki-`mscki. mscki. Omdmk pg`ogktmkimk ymki bcsgbcmfmk `gstc bcdmktmr bmlm` imlgrc tglgirm` bmlm` ogktuf ketm / pgtm oucd / pewgr peckt / vcbge.

Omdmk pg`ogktmkimk bcsgbcmfmk bmlm` ogktuf ketm /  pgtm oucd / pewgr pewgr peckt / vcbge. Xglmnmr `gkiiukmfmk amrm mfrestcf / mfrekc` sg`msm `gkygbcmfmk omdmk  pg`ogktmkimk.  pg`ogk tmkimk.

XGKG_MKIMK, XGKIG@OMKIMK

Qgsc pg`ogktmkimk bclmfufmk sgamrm ukbcmk pmbm fu`pulmk tmnuf ymki sm`m `gkicfut urutmk stmkbmrb pg`oglmnmrmk. ‑  pg`oglmnmrmk. ‑   =8 H=7 `ckct

Xglmnmr `gkulcs `mflu`mt  ogrfgkmmk  ogrfgkm mk dmscl  pgrockamkimk  pgrockamk imk ymk ymki i

Iuru `g`mktmu  pglmnmr sg`msm sg`msm sgsc

bclmfufmk bmlm` lg`omrmk fgrnm

 pgrockamkimk  pgrockamkimk `mflu`mt.

=.  Mpmfmd pgkbmpmt mkbm tgktmki tmkm`mk fmgbmd mfumpekcf5 ?.   Kymtmfm  Kymtmfmk k 1 ngkcs rgfm  ogktuf `ebgl `ebgl mfum mfumpekcf. pekcf.   1.  Km`mfm  Km`mfmk k: fe`pekgk mfumpekcf. 2.   Kymtmfm  Kymtmfmk k jukisc sgtcmp fe`pekgk mfumpekcf. 7.  Mpmfmd pgrfmrm ymki  pgrlu mbm pmbm pmbm lmfmrm lmfmrmk5 k5 :.  Omimc`mkmfmd lmkifmd-lmkifmd uktuf `g`ockm `ebgl mfumpekcf5

Fu`pulmk ymki `gkimlm`c fgsufmrmk uktuf `gkycmpfmk tuimsmk mfmk bc`cktm `gkidmktmr sgermki wmfcl fg fu`pulmk ymki lmck uktuf `gkbmpmt `mflu`mt bmk cbgm omic `g`omktu fu`pulmkkym `gkycmpfmk tuimsmk.

Xglmnmr `gknmwmo semlmk / `glmfsmkmfmk m`mlc / mftcvctc Qtmkbmrb Xg`oglmnmrmk (Mftcvctc Qtmkbmrb Xg`oglmnmrmk ogrsgsumcmk bgkimk pg`ogktmkimk  pglmnmr) Dglmcmk lmtcdmk fgpmbm  pglmnmr bmk pgrockam pgrockamkimk kimk  nmwmpmk bclmfufmk bclmfufmk sg sglgpms lgpms sg`um pglmnmr sglgsmc `gknmwmo

Xglmnmr ymki furmki `glcomtfmk bcrc sg`msm sgsc  pgrockamkimk  pgrockamki mk mfmk bcoc`ocki elgd iuru.

Qgsc seml nmwmo ogrlmfu sg`msm  pg`ogktmkimk  pg`ogk tmkimk ogr ogrlmkisuki lmkisuki b bmk mk iuru mfmk `g`omktu pglmnmr `g`oumt pgkgiudmk sgfcrmkym  pgrlu. Qgtcmp fu`pulmk yi sglgsmc `g`oumt pg`ogktmkimk bcfgdgkbmfc `gkygbcmfmk semlmk mtmu tuimsmk bmk bcogrcfmk fgpmbm sgtcmp pglmnmr uktuf bcsglgsmcfmk omic `g`gkudc stmkbmrb prgstmsc. Xresgs tgrsgout bculmki sgdckiim sg`um fu`pulmk tglmd `g`oumt pg`ogktmkimk.

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=34

Omdmk pg`ogktmkimk bmk `ebgl tgromcf bcnmbcfmk omdmk imlgrc rgfm ogktuf mfumpekcf bctg`pmtfmk bmlm` fglms bmk  ogkifgl _OR.  ogkifgl XGKCLMCMK

Qg`um pglmnmr bcfgdgkbmfc `gkidmktmr dmscl lmfmrmk bmk `ebgl mfumpekcf ogrsgrtm lmpermk lgkifmp uktuf bckclmc. Xglmnmr ogrseml nmwmo uktuf `gkbmpmtfmk `mflu`mt ymki tgrpgrckac

XGKWRWX/

Qgsc pgrockamkimk semlmk /  pgrkclmcmk dmscl fgrnm  pglmnmr. =.  @gkiiukmfmk oermki  pgkclmcmk bmk bmk pg`m pg`mrfmdmk rfmdmk `ebgl

Iuru `g`oumt ru`usmk.

_W@WQMK

GLG@GK @G_GKRMQ FW_CFWLW@ (G@F)

Fglgstmrcmk mlm` sgfctmr, Kclmc `urkc, Qmcks bmk tgfkeleic, Fgusmdmwmkmk, Rgfkeleic `mflu`mt bmk fe`ukcfmsc, Fglgstmrcmk ileoml

KCLMC / QCFMX

Xg`cfcr, Fgrnm sgpmsufmk, Ogrscjmt ckick tmdu, Ogrprckscp, Ogr`mflu`mt, Xgkymymki

QR_MRGIC

Xg`oglmnmrmk ogrmsmsmfmk ckfucrc, Xgkiiukmmk tgfkeleic, Xg`oglmnmrmk fgkbcrc, Xg`oglmnmrmk felmoermtcj, Xg`oglmnmrmk ogrmsmsfmk prengf, Xg`oglmnmrmk pgkgrefmmk

XG@OGLMNM_MK MOMB FG-?=

Qu`omki smrmk, Rcknmumk, Xgrsg`omdmk, Flcp vcbge

OMDMK OMKRW OGLMNM_/

LAB/Xewgr peckt, Oufu tgfs, Oufu runufmk, @ebul, Amrtm/`ebgl, Omdmk ogragtmf, Fgrtms

QW@OG_/ _WNWFMK

sgomf Seutuog > dttp>//www.yeutuog.ae`/wmtad5v0n_wjSCpQdYe 

_GJLGFQC

=.  Xgkiiukmmk mfrekc` / mfrestcf sg`msm pgkygbcmmk omdmk pg`ogktmkimk `gknmbcfmk  omdmk tgrsgout tgrsgout lgocd tgrs tgrsusuk usuk bmk `g`ubm `g`ubmdfmk dfmk pglmnm pglmnmrr `gkicki `gkickimt mt jmftm. ?.  Imlgrc `mym ymki bcsgbcmfmk `glmluc fu`pulmk Rglgirm` `g`ubmdfmk pglmnmr `gkidmktmr omdmk pg`ogktmkimk bmk omdmk tgrsgout `ubmd bcampmc elgd sg`um mdlc fglms. 1. 

Xglmnmr tglmd bmpmt `gkigkml pmstc fe`pekgk mfumpekcf bgkimk omcf.

2. 

Xglmnmr tglmd bmpmt `glmfmr rgfm ogktuf scstg` mfumpekcf bgkimk omcf.

7. 

Xglmnmr tglmd bmpmt `gkimkmlcscs lmfmrmk rgfm ogktuf scstg` mfumpekcf bgkimk ogtul.

AMRMRMK

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

=33

Lm`pcrmk = XGKG_MKIMK FCRM_MK MFWMXEKCF

Im`omr Mfumpekcf

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

?88

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

?8=

Lm`pcrmk ? Omdmk XOQ

OMO ?.7 _GFM OGKRWF MFWMXEKCF RMDMX XGKIWMQMMK =  =  Omic `gkampmc Rmdmp Xgkiumsmmk =, pglmnmr pgrlu > c =.

@gkymtmfmk `mfsub rgfm ogktuf scstg` mfumpekcf mfumpekcf

Lgkifmpfmk `mfsub rgfm ogktuf scstg` mfupekcf bc omwmd bgkimk `mflu`mt ogrcfut>(mrms rgkbmd)

dcbrepekcf

tgfkeleic

smtu

pgrtmkcmk

mfumfultur

pusckimk

 Mfumpekcf `grupmfmk `grupmfmk U U U U= U U U U

U U U U ?U U U U ymki `gkiimoukifmk `gkiimoukifmk U U U U

 U1 U U U U (mftcvctc tgrkmfmk cfmk) bgkimk mftcvctc

U U U U 2U U U U U (`gkmkm` tmkm`mk

tmkpm `gbcm tmkmd) bmlm` UU U 7U U U U U UU: U U U mcr (acraulmtcek). (acraulm tcek).

?.

Lgkifmpfmk `mfsub rgfm ogktuf scstg` mfupekcf bc omwmd (mrms sgbgrdmkm)

 Mfumpekcf `grupmfmk `grupmfmk R U U U U U U U U X U U U U U U U U ym ymki ki `gkiimoukifmk M U U U U  U U U U U (mftcvctc tgrkmfmk cfmk) bgkimk mftcvctc D U U U U U U U U U (`gkmkm` tmkm`mk tmkpm `gbcm tmkmd) tmkmd) bmlm` Q U U U X U U U U U U U mcr (ac (acraulmtcek). raulmtcek).

=.

Kymtmfmk `mfsub rgfm ogktuf scstg` mfumpekcf. mfumpekcf. (mrms tckiic)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..……….  

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

?8?

RMDMX XGKIWMQMMK ? Xmbmkfmk fglgocdmk rgfm ogktuf mfumpekcf ogrbmsmrfmk rgfm ogktuf scstg` mfumpekcf bc omwmd. (mrms rgkbmd) Omic `gkampmc Rmdmp Xgkiumsmmk ?, pglmnmr pgrlu > c

@gkgrmkifmk fglgocdmk rgfm ogktuf scstg` mfumpekcf mfumpekcf

_gfm Ogktuf Qcstg` Mfumpekcf

_mjt

Goo & Jlew

KJR

Fglgocdmk  Mcr ymki bciukmfmk bciukmfmk uktuf `gkimcrc `gkimcrc tu`oudmk mbmlmd smkimt sgbcfct

 Mfmr tmkm`mk oelgd oelgd `gkygrmp `gkygrmp kutrcgk erimkcf erimkcf bc bmlm` mcr sgamrm tgrus.

Ocejcltgr (oce-pgkmpcs) ogrlmfu bmlm` `gbcm pgkmkm`mk bmk bmpmt `gkiurmkifmk fgsufmrmk bmlm` `grgfm ogktuf systg` mfumpekcf

=. Ogrc smtu fglgocdmk rgfm ogktuf mfumpekcf ogrbmsmrfmk rgfm ogktuf scstg` mfumpekcf bc omwmd. Ocl _gfm Ogktuf Qcstg` Fglgocdmk Mfumpekcf

=

_mjt

?

Goo & Jlew

1

KJR

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

?81

RMDMX XGKIWMQMMK 1 Omic `gkampmc Rmdmp Xgkiumsmmk 1, pglmnmr pgrlu > c

@g`oumt lmfmrmk bmk `g`ockm `ebgl rgfm ogktuf scstg` mfumpekcf

=. Lmfmrfmk lmfmrmk rgfm ogktuf scstg` mfumpekcf bgkimk `gkuknuffmk fe`pekgkfe`pekgk fe`pekgk utm`m ymki `gknmbc msms fgpmbm pg`ockmmk scstg` tgrsgout

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

?82

_MKAMKIMK XGKIMNM_MK DM_CMK QWONGF > XGKBCBCFMK QGKC ZCQWML RCKIFMRMK RM_CFD RG@XMR

?

FGLMQ @CKIIW

=

Xgrsgfctmrmk @mftmo & Qtubce Qgkcrgfm

@MQM FGDMBC_MK

/?7

RG@M/REXCF/ OCBMKI XG@OGLMNM_MK

Rmnuf 7> _gfm ogktuf lmkbsfmp

QRMKBM_B FMKBWKIMK

7.= Xgrsgpsc sgkc bmlm` rgfm ogktuf lmkbsfmp - Xg`mdm`mk tgrdmbmp rgfm ogktuf lmkbsfmp bmlm` ocbmki rgfm ogktuf

QRMKBM_B XG@OGLMNM_MK

7.= @g`pgrcdmlfmk sgnmrmd pgrfg`omkimk rgfm ogktuf lmkbsfmp 7.? @gknglmsfmk prckscp rgfm ogktuf lmkbsfmp c) Ngkcs Lmkbsfmp m. Lmkbsfmp lg`out (sejtsampg) (sejtsampg)    o. Lmkbsfmp fmnur (dmrbsampg) cc) Xgrmkmk bmk jukisc ccc) Xrckscp bmk glg`gk cv) Feksgp v) Grieke`cf

EONGFRCJ XG@OGLMNM_MK/ F_CRG_CM FGNMSMMK

Xmbm mfdcr pg`oglmnmrmk bmk pgkimnmrm p gkimnmrmk, k, pglmnmr oelgd> =. @gkidurmcfmk sgnmrmd pgrfg`omkimk rgfm ogktuf lmkbsfmp sgamrm lcsmk. ?. @gknglmsfmk bum prckscp rgfm ogktuf lmkbsfmp. 1. Xglmnmr `gkgrefm cbgm omdmru bmlm` pgkidmsclmk rgfm ogktuf lmkbsfmp `glmluc `ebgl rgfm  ogktuf lmkbsfmp.

LMKIFMDLMKIFMD

MFRCZCRC XGKIMNM_MK & XG@OGLMNM_MK 

XGKRMFQC_MK JE_@MRCJ 

XG@OG^MMK  

=.  Xg`grdmtcmk ?.   C sgg, C tdckf, C wekbgr wekbgr (

XGLCOMRMK

dglmcmk bmlm` rmnmd)  rmnmd)  Xglmnmr bcbgbmdfmk bgkimk sgnmrmd pgrfg`omkimk rgfm  ogktuf lmkbsfmp.

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

?87

Xglmnmr bcomwm fglumr elgd iuru uktuf `glcdmt lmkbsfmp bc sgfctmr `mftmo. Xgkgrmkimk `gkigkmc rgfm  ogktuf lmkbsfmp fgpmbm  pglmnmr. c) Ngkcs Lmkbsfmp m. Lmkbsfmp lg`out (sejtsampg)   (sejtsampg)

 o. Lmkbsfmp fgnur (dmrbsampg)

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

?8:

XGKG_EFMMK

Xgtm c-Rdckf

Fg`omlc fg stubce sgkc Xglmnmr `g`ogktuf 2 fu`pulmk (sgrm`mc 7 ermki bmlm` smtu fu`pulmk) cmctu fu`pulmk M, O, A bmk B. Dmscl pgrockamkimk fu`pulmk bcoumt bmlm`  ogktuf pgtm pg`cfcrmk pg`cfcrmk cRDCKF.

Fu`pulmk M> Qgnmrmd  pgrfg`omkimk rgfm ogktuf lmkbsfmp bc lumr kgimrm. Fu`pulmk O> Xrckscp rgfm  ogktuf lmkbsfmp bc lumr kgimrm. Fu`pulmk A> Qgnmrmd  pgrfg`omkimk rgfm ogktuf lmkbsfmp bc @mlmyscm. Fu`plmk B> Xrckscp rgfm  ogktuf lmkbsfmp bc @mlmyscm @mlmyscm Qgtcmp fu`pulmk `gkamrc `mflu`mt bmrcpmbm lm`mk sgsmwmki mtmu omdmk omammk bmk bcomktu elgd iuru. dttps>//www.odi.ae`/imrbgk cki/lmkbsampcki.../lmkbsamp g-omscas /  dttps>//www.odi.ae`/.../lmk bsampcki.../lmkbsampg omscas/lmkbsampg-bgscikjer-ogickkgrs/  jer-ogickkgrs/  dttps>//www.imrbgkbgscik.ae `/lmkbsampg-

Xg`ogktmkimk

2 fu`pulmk  pglmnmr> Ogrogzm tmnuf (aektgkt)

bgscik/rulgs.dt`l   bgscik/rulgs.dt`l Im`omr/jete

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

?89

Irmpdca Erimkczgr

dttps>//www.pmdls.ae`/lmkbs ampcki/bcjjgrgkag-dmrbsampgsejtsampg/ 

XGKG_MKIMK

Xglmnmr `gkgrmkifmk dmscl  pgrockamkimk fu`pulmk  ogrbmsmrfmk tmnuf ymki bcogrc bgkimk `g`ogktmkifmk  pgrsg`omdmk `mscki-`mscki `mscki-`mscki sgamrm frgmtcj

XGKIG@OMKIMK

Xglmnmr bmpmt `g`ogrcfmk cbgm omdmru uktuf `gkidmsclfmk rgfm ogktuf lmkbsfmp ymki sgsumc bgkimk  ogktuf `ufm ou`c bmk `gkim`ocl fcrm fglgstmrcmk mlm` sgfctmr.

XGKCLMCMK

Xglmnmr `g`oumt amtmtmk sg`msm pg`ogktmkimk fu`pulmk bmk bcomktu elgd iuru.

XGKWRWX/ _W@WQMK

Dmscl pg`ogktmkimk pglmnmr sgtcmp fu`pulmk bckclmc elgd iuru.

c.Mpmfmd pgrogzmmk lmkbsfmp lmkbsfmp fgnur bmk lmkbsfmp lg`out5 cc.Mpmfmd ymki bc`mfsubfmk bgkimk grieke`cf5 ccc.Mpmfmd lmkbsfmp ymki sgsumc uktuf `mftmo fctm5 Fgkmpm5

Dmscl pg`ogktmkimk bmrc  pglmnmr mfmk bcru`usfmk bcru`usfmk elgd iuru.

Iuru `g`cktm ogogrmpm  pglmnmr `gru`usfmk pgrfmrm ymki bcpglmnmrc pmbm dmc ckc. GLG@GK @G_GKRMQ FW_CFWLW@ (G@F)

Fglgstmrcmk mlm` sgfctmr, Kclmc `urkc

KCLMC / QCFMX

Fgpgfmmk, fgjmdm`mk, fgrnmsm`m, frgmtcj bmk ogrbcscplck

QR_MRGIC

=.  ?. 

©OX@@M_M?8=4

Fekstruftcvcs`g Xg`oglmnmrmk Fepgrmtcj

 

?84

XG@OGLMNM_MK MOMB FG-?=

OMDMK OMKRW OGLMNM_/ QW@OG_/ _WNWFMK

_GJLGFQC

Mftcvctc sgamrm felmoermtcj `glmluc fmgbmd> =.  Xg`grdmtcmk ?.   C sgg, C tdckf,, C wekbgr wekbgr 1.   Xgtm c-Rdckf

=.  ?.  1. 

Oufu tgfs Xgkbcbcfmk Qgkc Zcsuml Rckifmtmk ? Im`omr-im`omr lmkbsfmp/Oufu Lmksbfmp Lm`mk sgsmwmki dttps>//www.odi.ae`/imrbgkcki/lmkbsampcki.../lmkbsampg -omscas/  dttps>//www.odi.ae`/.../lmkbsampcki .../lmkbsampg-omscas/lmkbsampg-bgscik-jer ogickkgrs/  ogickkgrs/   dttps>//www.imrbgkbgscik.ae`/lmkbsampg-bgscik/rulgs.dt`l -bgscik/rulgs.dt`l   dttps>//www.pmdls.ae`/lmkbsampcki/bcjjgrgkag-dmrbsampg-sejtsampg/ 

Xglmnmr-pglmnmr smkimt mftcj bmk `g`ogrcfmk fgrnmsm`m ymki omcf bmlm` `g`mtudc mrmdmk iuru uktuf `gkamrc bmk `gkamtmtfmk `mflu`mt bmrcpmbm lm`mk sgsmwmki. @grgfm `gkiiukmfmk `gk iiukmfmk su`ogr ymki tglmd bcambmkifmk elgd iuru. Rgrbmpmt nuim fu`pulmk pglmnmr ymki `gkiiukmfmk su`ogr `grgfm sgkbcrc `glmluc pgkiiukmmk amrcmk gknck ymki lmck. Ruimsmk ckc bmpmt bclmfsmkmfmk bgkimk `g`ogzmfmk tmdmp pgkampmcmk pglmnmr. Xglmnmr bmpmt `g`mdm`c ngkcs lmksfmp bmk pgrfg`omkimk rgfm ogktuf lmkbsfmp bmlm` bmk lumr kgimrm.

AMRMRMK

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

Iuru `g`cktm pglmnmr `gkygbcmfmk omdmk uktuf `g`oumt gfsplermsc lmkbsfmp pmbm `ckiiu sgtgruskym.

?83

_MKAMKIMK XGKIMNM_MK DM_CMK QWONGF > QMCKQ FE@XWRG_ RCKIFMRMK

?

RM_CFD

FGLMQ @CKIIW

RG@XMR

@MQM FGDMBC_MK

RG@M/REXCF/ OCBMKI XG@OGLMNM_MK QRMKBM_B FMKBWKIMK

QRMKBM_B XG@OGLMNM_MK

=.8  Xgrwmfclmk Bmtm

=.=  Qcstg` Ke`oer Xgrlmpmkmk =.=.=  @g`ogzmfmk ke`oer pgrlmpmkmk bmk pgrpuludmk. =.=.?  @gkufmr ke`oer fgpmbm> c.Xgrpuludmk fgpmbm pgrlmpmkmk cc.Xgrlmpmkmk fgpmbm pgrpuludmk

EONGFRCJ XG@OGLMNM_MK/ F_CRG_CM FGNMSMMK

Xmbm mfdcr pgkimnmrmk bmk pg`oglmnmrmk, pglmnmr bmpmt > =.  @gkufmr sgfurmki-furmkikym lc`m semlmk pgrpuludmk fgpmbm pgrlmpmkmk bgkimk ogtul. ?.  @gkufmr sgfurmki-furmkikym lc`m semlmk pgrlmpmkmk fgpmbm pgrpuludmk bgkimk ogtul.

LMKIFMDLMKIFMD

MFRCZCRC XGKIMNM_MK &

XGKILCOMRMK

(7 `ckct)

XG@OGLMNM_MK  =.  Xglmnmr bc`cktm `g`oumt  pgkufmrmk ke`oer 7 fgpmbm ke`oer pgrbummk supmym iuru bmpmt `gkclmc tmdmp pgkiumsmmk  pglmnmr uktuf pgkufmrmk ke`oer  pgrpuludmk fgpmbm ke`oer  pgrbummk. ?.  Qg`mf nmwmpmk>

XGKRMFQC_MK JE_@MRCJ 

XG@OG^MMK  

Rdu`os Wp, Rdu`os Bewk

Rgmad m Jrcgkb

Xglmnmr ymki `gkiumsmc fg`mdcrmk tgrsgout, `g`omktu  pglmnmr ymki lmck.

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

?=8

XGKG_EFMMK

Mftcvctc => =.  Xglmnmr bcfgdgkbmfc

(=7 `ckct)

`g`ogktuf fu`pulmk ymki tgrbcrc bmrcpmbm 1 ermki ogrbmsmrfmk fmb km`m oumd-oumdmk ymki bcogrcfmk. ?.  Iuru `gkigbmrfmk Lg`omrmk Fgrnm =

Lg`omrmk Fgrnm =

1.  Xglmnmr bc`cktm `glgkifmpfmk lg`omrmk fgrnm ymki bcogrc.

Alezg Xreagburgrs (Csc tg`pmt feseki)

2. 

XGKG_MKIMK

(=8 `ckct)

Xglmnmr `gkyg`mf dmscl fgrnm.

=.  Qgermki pglmnmr bcpclcd uktuf `gkuknuffmk aekted `gkufmr ke`oer pgrpuludmk fgpmbm ke`oer pgrlmpmkmk. Aekted> Rufmr ==2 fgpmbm ke`oer  pgrlmpmkmk. 4 = = 2 4 = ? 2 4 = : 8 = Nmwmpmk> =:?4 ?.  Xglmnmr `gru`usfmk fmgbmd uktuf `gkufmrfmk ke`oer  pgrpuludmk fgpmbm ke`oer  pgrlmpmkmk

XGKIG@OMKIMK

(=7 `ckct)

Mftcvctc ?> =.  Xglmnmr bubuf bmlm` fu`pulmk sm`m. Iuru `gkigbmrfmk Lg`omrmk Fgrnm ?. ?. 

Xglmnmr bc`cktm `glgkifmpfmk

Aellmoermtcek (`gkufmr bmk `gkyg`mf  nmwmpmk bgkimk fu`pulmk lmck)

I> Mpm aermf ymki mkbm km`pmf bmlm` pgkufmrmk ke`oer pgrpuludmk fg ke`oer pgrlmpmkmk5 Aekted Nmwmpmk>  Ke`oer tgrsgout pgrlu bcomdmicfmk bgkimk 4  ogrulmki fmlc sgdckiim scjmr. Nmwmpmkkym cmlmd  omam omfc bmrc omwmd omwmd fg mtms.

Lg`omrmk Fgrnm ?

Alezg Xreagburgrs (Csc tg`pmt feseki)

lg`omrmk fgrnm ymki bcogrc. 1. 

Xglmnmr `gkyg`mf dmscl fgrnm.

Aellmoermtcek (`gkufmr bmk `gkyg`mf  nmwmpmk bgkimk fu`pulmk lmck) I> Omimc`mkm amrm uktuf `gkufmr ke`oer  pgrlmpmkmk fgpmbm ke`oer pgrpuludmk5

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

?==

Aekted Nmwmpmk> @gkbmrmofmk bcict bmlm` ke`oer pgrlmpmkmk bgkimk kclmc tg`pmt ke`oer pgrlmpmkmk. XGKCLMCMK

Mftcvctc 1>

(=8 `ckct)

=.  Qgtcmp pglmnmr bcogrcfmk fmb  nmwmpmk Xlcafgrs. ?.  Iuru `g`mpmrfmk semlmk `gkiiukmfmk Xlcafgrs. 1.  Xglmnmr `g`ogrcfmk nmwmpmk

Mplcfmsc Xlcafgrs (www.plcafgrs.ae` www.plcafgrs.ae`))  -iuru `gkagtmf mkmlcscs bmrcpmbm Xlcafgrs.

bgkimk `gkimkifmt fmb nmwmpmk ymki bcogrc. XGKWRWX/ _W@WQMK

(7 `ckct)

=.  Xglmnmr bctmkym “Omimc`mkmfmd mkbm `gkufmr “Omimc`mkmfmd ke`oer pgrpuludmk fgpmbm ke`oer pgrlmpmkmk5‐  pgrlmpmkmk5‐  ?.  Xglmnmr bctmkym “Omimc`mkmfmd “Omimc`mkmfm d mkbm `gkufmr ke`oer pgrlmpmkmk fgpmbm  pgrpuludmk ke`oer5‐  ke`oer5‐  1.  Xglmnmr bcogrc Qgt Lmtcdmk Xgkiufudmk.

Qeml nmwmo

Lmtcdmk Xgkiufudmk

GLG@GK @G_GKRMQ FW_CFWLW@ (G@F)

Ileoml Aektgxt (fmctmk tepcf bgkimk fgdcbupmk sgdmrcmk) Frgmtcvctc Bmk Ckevmsc

KCLMC / QCFMX

Ogrfgupmymmk uktuf ogrfe`ukcfmsc bmk ogfgrnm bgkimk ermki lmck uktuf u ktuf `gkampmc `mtlm`mt mtmu pgkyglgsmcmk ymki sm`m.

QR_MRGIC

Ckfucrc & Xgkg`umk, Xg`oglmnmr @mstgrc

XG@OGLMNM_MK MOMB FG-?=

Rdu`os Wp, Rdu`os Bewk, Rgmad m Jrcgkb, Alezg Xreagburgrs, Aellmoermtcek Aellmoermtcek

OMDMK OMKRW OGLMNM_/ QW@OG_/ _WNWFMK

_GJLGFQC

=.  ?.  1.  2.  7. 

Lg`omrmk Fgrnm = Lg`omrmk Fgrnm ? Lmtcdmk Xgkiufudmk XXR = www.plcafgrs.ae`

Ruimsmk bcogrcfmk bmlm` ogktuf fu`pulmk ymki tglmd bctgtmpfmk elgd iuru tgrbcrc bmrcpmbm tmdmp pgkiumsmmk ogrogzm. Fmgbmd ckc `g`oelgdfmk pglmnmr ymki pmkbmc `g`oc`ocki rmfmk ymki lg`md uktuf sm`m-sm`m `gkyglgsmcfm `gkyglgsmcfmk k lg`omrmk fgrnm ymki bcogrc. Mftcvctc Xlcafgrs m`mt ogrfgsmk uktuf `gkiufur tmdmp pgkiumsmmk pglmnmr fgrmkm sg`um pglmnmr `g`pukymc  pglumki uktuf `gknmwmo semlmk semlmk ymki bcogrcfmk. Qmym tglmd `g`ogrc oc` oc`ockimk ockimk fgpmbm  pglmnmr ymki `g`pgrelgd `g`pgrelgd pgkampmcmk ym ymki ki rgkbmd sgoglu` Qgt L Lmtcdmk mtcdmk Xgkiufudmk bcogfmlfmk. Qgt Lmtcdmk Xgkiufudmk pgrlu bcdmktmr pmbm fglms mfmk bmtmki.

AMRMRMK

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

?=?

Lg`omrmk Fgrnm =  =  Ke`oer Xgrbummk 

Mpmfmd bcict ymki bciukmfmk bmlm` scstg` ke`oer Rufmrfmk ke`oer  pgrpuludmk “3‐ fgpmbm ke`oer msms bum bmk ke`oer

8 bmk =

Nmkifmmk Ke`oer

msms lmpmk.

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

?=1

Xclcdmk => =. Omdmicfmk ke`oer ymki bcogrcfmk bgkimk ?. ?. Amtmtfmk dmscl bmk  omfc pg`omdmicmk 1. Wlmki lmkif lmkifmd md smtu bmk bum sgdckiim dmscl  pg`omdmicmk 0 8 2. Omam o omfc mfc sgtcmp  pg`omdmicmk bmrcpmbm omfc  pg`omdmicmk tgrmfdcr sgdckiim omfc  pg`omdmicmk pgrtm`m. Xclcdmk ?> =. Iukmfmk nmbuml

Rulcsfmk mlierct`m  omic sgtcmp amrm ymki bciukmfmk uktuf `gkufmr ke`oer  pgrpuludmk fgpmbm ke`oer msms ymki  ogrcfutkym.

ke`oer pgrbummk  ogrcfut> ?. Ogr`ulm bmrcpmbm lmnur  pmlcki fcrc, seml sm`m mbm fctm pgrlufmk =: uktuf `gkidmsclfmk 3. Nmwmpmkkym, tcbmf. Elgd ctu, lgtmf 8 pmbm lmnur tgrsgout. 1. Qglgpms ctu, igrmf smtu lmnur fg fmkmk bmk seml sm`m mbm 4 bcpgrlufmk uktuf `gkidmsclfmk ke`oer 3. Nmwmpmkkym, ym. Elgd ctu, lgtmf = bmlm` lmnur ckc.

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

?=2

mbm 4 bcpgrlufmk uktuf `gkidmsclfmk ke`oer 3. Nmwmpmkkym, ym. Elgd ctu, lgtmf = bmlm` lmnur ckc.

2. M`ocl omfc pgkelmfmk 3 bmk 4 (3 ‑  (3 ‑  4),  4), cmctu =, bmk igrmf smtu lmnur fg fmkmk. Qeml sm`m mbm fctm pgrlu 2, ? mtmu = uktuf omfckym.

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

?=7

Aekted nmlmk fgrnm> Rufmr mlierct`m mkbm bgkimk fu`pulmk lmck. Ogrbmsmrfmk mlierctd`m bmrcpmbm fu`pulmk lmck, tufmrfmk ke`oer  pgrpuludmk “=1 “=1‐ fgpmbm ke`oer msms  ogrcfutkym.

=1 0 ==8=?

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

?=:

Lg`omrmk Fgrnm ?  ?  ??4 ??4 0 =4=8 =4=8   Aekted Nmlmk Fgrnm ??4 ??4 

??4 0 (? Ù 4=) + (? Ù 48) 0 =: + ? 0 =4=8 =4=8 974 974 0

2=94 0

7=24 0

?12=4 ?12= 40

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

?=9

Lmtcdmk Xgkiufudmk Cscfmk tg`pmt feseki bc omwmd bgkimk ke`oer pgrlmpmkmk ymki `gwmfclc ke`oer pgrpuludmk ymki bctuknuffmk.

Ke`oer  Xgrpuludmk 

Ke`oer  Xgrlmpmkmk 

Ke`oer  Xgrlmpmkmk 

7

14

9

=84

3

1?4 1?4

==

714

2:

924 92 4

99

=1?4 =1? 4

=84

:1:4

?88

9194 919 4

777

?8284

=888

2==94

?=28

772?4 772? 4

=8?18

=89214

Ke`oer  Xgrpuludmk

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

?=4

LM@XC_MK ‑  LM@XC_MK  ‑  XEYG_  XEYG_ XECKR

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

?=3

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

??8

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

??=

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

???

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

??1

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

??2

_MKAMKIMK XGKIMNM_MK DM_CMK QWONGF> XGKBCBCFMK NMQ@MKC & XGKBCBCFMK FGQCDMRMK

RCKIFMRMK

RM_CFD

RG@XMR

?

1= EIEQ ?8=4

@CKIIW

MLXDM

OCLCF QG@CKM_

RG@M/REXCF/ OCBMKI XG@OGLMNM_MK

?.8 XGKSMLMDIWKMMK OMDMK

FGLMQ

?8= ?8? ?81

?82 ?87 ?87

@MQM

9.28  ‑   4.28

1.88 ‑   1.88 ‑  2.88

FGDMBC_MK

QRMKBM_B FMKBWKIMK

?.= Fg`mdcrmk `gkmkimkc sctumsc ogrcscfe tgrdmbmp pgkymlmdiukmmk omdmk fgpmbm bcrc, fglumrim bmk `msymrmfmt. Amrm `gkmkimkc> _cscfe pgkymlmdiukmmk omdmk.

?.=.= @gkidurmcfmk rcscfe pgkymlmdiukmmk omdmk. QRMKBM_B XG@OGLMNM_MK

?.=.? @gkimplcfmscfmk fg`mdcrmk fgagfmpmk pscfesescml bmlm` `gkmkimkc rcscfe  pgkymlmdiukmmk omdmk. ?.=.1 @gkclmc jmgbmd tcbmf `glcomtfmk bcrc bmlm` pgkymlmdiukmmk omdmk.

Xmbm mfdcr pgkimnmrmk bmk pg`oglmnmrmk , pglmnmr bmpmt >>EONGFRCJ XG@OGLMNM_MK/ F_CRG_CM FGNMSMMK

=.  @gkygkmrmcfmk tcim ngkcs omdmk ymki oelgd bcsmlmd iukm. ?.  @gkymtmfmk sgamrm lcsmk gkm` rcscfe pgkymlmdiukmmk omdmk. 1.  @gkidurmcfmk bum glg`gk fg`mdcrmk fgagfmpmk pscfesescml bmlm` `gkmkimkc rcscfe  pgkymlmdiukmmk omdmk. 2.  @gkgrmkifmk g`pmt jmgbmd tcbmf `glcomtfmk bcrc bmlm` pgkymlmdiukmmk omdmk.

MFRCZCRC LMKIFMDLMKIFMD

XGKILCOMRMK

XGKIMNM_MK & XG@OGLMNM_MK

=.  Iuru `gkmymkifmk slmcb ymki `gkimkbukic fgrmtmkfgrmtmk `gbcm agtmf ogrfmctmk tmnuf pgkymlmdiukmmk omdmk.

XGKRMFQC_MK JE_@MRCJ

XG@OG^MMK

=.  Mpmfmd ymki fm`u tmdu tgktmki  pgkymlmdiukmmk omdmk  ogrbmsmrfmk slmcb5

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

??7

XGKG_EFMMK

(Wktuf `g`ockamkifmk `g`ockamkifmk tmnuf/tepcf ogrcfut> 

=. Xglmnmr bcomdmicfmk fgpmbm tcim fu`pulmk bmk `glmfsmkmfmk mftcvctc sgpgrtc ymki tgrbmpmt bmlm` fmb tuimsmk.

?. Qgtcmp fu`pulmk `glmktcf fgtum / wmrtmwmk ymki mfmk  ogrfekisc pgkg`umk / dmscl  pgrockamkimk fu`pulmk.

=. Qgtcmp fu`pulmk `gkamtmt `mflu`mt tgktmki pgkymlmdiukmmk  omdmk bc mtms fgrtms fgrtms sgomf.

1 fu`pulmk pglmnmr cmctu>

F=- _cscfe Xgkymlmdiukmmk Omdmk.

c) @g`ogrc aektedaekted rcscfe  pgkymlmdiukmmk  omdmk. cc) @gkiduoukifmctfmk rcscfe  pgkymlmdiukmmk  omdmk bmlm` fgdcbupmk dmrcmk. F?- Fg`mdcrm Fg`mdcrmk k

Fgagfmpmk Xscfesescml

c) @gkbg`ekstrmscfmk fg`mdcrmk fgagfmpmk  pscfesescml bmlm` `gkmkimkc  pgkymlmdiukmmk  omdmk. cc) @gkygkmrmcfmk aekted-aekted fg`mdcrmk fgagfmpmk  pscfesescml. F1- Jmgbmd Rcbmf @glcomtfmk Bcrc Bmlm` Xgkymlmdiukmmk Omdmk

c) @gkygkmrmcfmk jmgbmd tcbmf `glcomtfmk bcrc bmlm`  pgkymlmdiukmmk  omdmk tgrdmbmp bcrc, fglumrim bmk `msymrmt.

©OX@@M_M?8=4

 

??:

 

XGKG_MKIMK

=.  Ymfcl sgtcmpdmscl fu`pulmk `g`ogktmkifmk tuimsmk fu`pulmk `mscki-`mscki.

=.  Oermki Imllgry pgkclmcmk Ymlf ?. fu`pulmk   fu`pulmk

XGKIG@OMKIMK

Iuru `gkyeml pglmnmr sgamrm lcsmk.

Qemlmk> =. Qgkmrmcfmk ngkcs-ngkcs  omdmk ymki tgrlcomt. ?. Rgrmkifmk rcscfe  pgkymlmdiukmmk omdmk fgpmbm6 c) bcrc cc)fglumrim ccc) `msymrmfmt 1. Kymtmfmk fg`mdcrmk fgagfmpmk pscfesescml 2. Nglmsfmk jmgbmd tcbmf `glcomtfmk bcrc bmlm`  pgkymlmdiukmmk omdmk

XGKCLMCMK

Xglmnmr bcomdmicfmk fgpmbm gkm`

=. Xglmnmr ymki pmscj mfmk bcseml sgamrm lcsmk elgd iuru uktuf `g`mstcfmk tmdmp fgjmdm`mkk pglmnmr.