Panduan Pengelolaan Peralatan Kesehatan
October 5, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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MKM J WNEIKC^H^KE
;.; HKYK] MNHK@KEL
Wnrkhktke `nsncktke bnrupk`ke skhkc sktu dk`tor pnetjel ikhkb pneynhnellkrkke pnhkykeke `nsncktke, `nsnckt ke, mkj` mkj ` ij rubkc sk`jt bkupue ij dksjhjtks pnhkykeke `ns `nsncktke ncktke hkjeeyk. hk jeeyk. Luek bnefkpkj `oeijsj bkupue duelsj pnrkhktke `nsncktke ykel mkj` snrtk ikpkt bneiu`uel pnhkykeke `nsncktke bk`k pnrhu kikeyk pnelnhohkke pnrkhktke `nsncktke ykel tnrpkiu.
Klkrikhkb pnrkhktke `nsncktkepnrkhktke ikpkt ij`nhohk inelke mkj` ijpnrhu`ke kikeyk pnhkykeke `nmjak`ke pnbnrjetkc pnelnhohkke `nsncktke ij rubkc sk`jt ike dksjhjtks `nsncktke hkjeeyk. Vj`hus pnrkhktke `nsncktke ijmnik`ke snmnhub bksu` `n dksjhjtks pnhkykeke `nsncktke ( prn-bkr`nt prn-bkr`nt ) ike sntnhkc bksu` `n dksjhjtks pnhkykeke `nsncktke ( post-bkr`nt )).. Wnelnhohkke pnrkhktke `nsncktke ij dksjhjtks pnhkykeke `nsncktke ( post-bkr`nt ( post-bkr`nt ), ), ijkwkhj snak` pnrnefkekke (ijikcuhuj inelke pnejhkjke tn`eoholj ike nvkhuksj pnrkhktke `nsncktke ykel kik), pnelkikke, pnenrjbkke, pnelopnrksjke, pnbnhjckrkke ike pnelckpuske. Ynrbksu` ij ikhkbeyk kikhkc kik prosns jevnetkrjsksj, in`oetkbjeksj, survnjhnes ike vjljhkefn snrtk rnfkhh. Ckh jej ikpkt ijhjckt pkik Lkbmkr ;.;. Vnbuk pjck` ykel tnr`kjt inelke pnelnhohkke pnrkhktke `nsncktke ijckrkp`ke ikpkt bnbkckbj ike bnhk`skek`keeyk snsukj inelke mjikel tulks bksjel-bksjel.
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Lkbmkr ;.;. Vj`hus Khkt @nsncktke @nbnetnrjke @nsncktke ]npumhj` Jeioensjk mnrpnrke mkj` pkik tkckp prn-bkr`nt (ketkrk hkje jzje proiu`sj, jzje nikr, jzje ijstrjmusj pnrkhktke `nsncktke) bkupue postbkr`nt mnrupk bkr`nt mnrupk pnelnhohkke pnrkhktke pn rkhktke `nsncktke `nsnckt ke ij dksjhjtks pnhkykeke `nsncktke. `nsnckt ke. Klkr pnrkhktke `nsncktke ikpkt ij`nhohk inelke mkj`, @nbnetnrjke @nsncktke ]npumhj` Jeioensjk ykel ketkrk hkje bnbpueykj tulks pneyusueke stkeikr tn`ejs, eorbk, pniobke, `rjtnrj `rjtnrjkk ike prosniur ij mjikel pnrkhkt pnrkhktke ke `nsncktk `nsncktke e bneyusue ‘ IJ Dksjhj Dksjhjtks tks Wnhkykeke @nsncktke‒. @nsncktke‒. Wniobke jej ijckrkp`ke ikpkt bnbmnrj`ke krkcke ikhkb pnelnhohkke pnrkhktke `nsncktke sncjellk ikpkt bnhk`skek`ke pnhkykeke `nsncktke snfkrk ndn`tjd ike ndjsjne ykel snsukj inelke `nmutucke hkykeke `nsncktke `npkik bksykrk`kt snrtk bnbneucj `kjikc ike stkeikr snmklkj pniobke pnrkhktke `nsncktke ykel mkj` ike mnekr.
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\CO, Bnijfkh Invjfn ]nluhktjoes, Lhomkh Ovnrvjnw \CO, Bnijfkh Ovnrvjnw kei Lujijel Wrjefjphns, Wrjefjphns, Lnenwk, =776
;.= BK@V^I IKE Y^A^KE
;.=.; Bk`sui Bk`sui pneyusueke ‘ ij Dksjhjtks Wnhkykeke @nsncktke‒ jej kikhkc bnbmnrj kfuke hkel`kc ike tjeik`ke ykel ijpnrhu`ke ikhkb pnelnhohkke pnrkhktke `nsncktke buhkj
ikrj pnrnefkekke, pnelkikke, jestkhksj ike pnenrjbkke, pnelluekke, pnbnhjckrkke ike pnelckpuske.
;.=.= Yuauke
Yuauke ijmukteyk pniobke jej kikhkc 1 ;. Bkekanbne ike pnekelluelakwkm/pnelnhohk uejt pnhkykeke, tn`ejsj snrtk opnrktor ij rubkc sk`jt bkbpu bnhk`u`ke pnelnhohkke pnrkhktke inelke mkj` snsukj inelke pnrke ike tkelluel akwkmeyk bksjel-bksjel. =. Bnbkstj`ke tnrsnijkeyk pnrkhktke `nsncktke ykel kbke, mnrbutu ike hkj` pk`kj snrtk ndjsjne ij rubkc sk`jt sncjellk bnbjejbkh`ke rjsj`o ykel tnr`kjt inelke pnelluekke pnrkhktke `nsncktke tnrsnmut. ;.6 VKVK]KE
Vkskrke ikrj pneyusueke pniobke jej kikhkc 1
;. Wnekelluel akwkm prolrkb pneynijkke pnrkhktke `nsncktke ij Ijeks @nsncktke @kmupktne/@otk, Ijeks @nsncktke Wrovjesj ike Wuskt. =. Wnekelluel akwkm prolrkb pnhkykeke `nsncktke ij Ijeks @nsncktke @kmupktne/@otk, Ijeks @nsncktke Wrovjesj ike Wuskt. 6. Wnrnefkek pnrkhktke `nsncktke ij Ijeks @nsncktke @kmupktne/@otk, Ijeks @nsncktke Wrovjesj ike Wuskt. Wnrnefkek pnrkhktke `nsncktke ij rubkc sk`jt ike dksjhjtks pnhkykeke `nsncktke hkjeeyk. 9. >. Wjck` bkekanbne rubkc sk`jt, bnhk`u`ke pnelnhohkke pnrkhktke, pnekellluel akwkm uejt pnhkykeke/jestkesj, tneklk opnrktor/pnelluek khkt, tn`ejsj pnhk`skek pnbnhjckrkke/nhn`trobnijs.
4. Wroiusne ike pneykhur pnrkhktke `nsncktke ykel ijckrkp`ke bnbkckbj khur pnelnhohkke pnrkhktke `nsncktke, sncjellk ikpkt bneynijk`ke pnrkhktke `nsncktke ykel mnrbutu, kbke ike hkj` pk`kj.
;.9 ]^KEL HJEL@^W
]ukel hjel`up mu`u pniobke jej ijpnruetu``ke mklj snbuk pnrkhktke `nsncktke ij dksjhjtks pnhkykeke `nsncktke, `cususeyk pnrkhktke bnijs ij rubkc sk`jt.
;.> @NMJAK@KE
;. ^^ Eo. 64 tce =77: tnetkel @nsncktke. =. ^^ Eo. 99 Ykcue =77: tnetkel ]ubkc Vk`jt. 6. Wnrkturke Wnbnrjetkc Eobor ;/BNE@NV/WN]/=7; =6>;/BNE@NV/WN]/=7;; ; tnetkel >. Wnrkturke Wnrumkcke ktks Wnrkturke Bnetnrj @nsncktke Eobor >67/BNE@NV/WN]/JT/=77< >67/BNE@NV/WN]/J T/=77< tnetkel Orlkejsksj ike Yktk @nrak Mkhkj Wnelkbkeke Dksjhjtks @nsncktke. ;;3:/BNE@NV/WN]/TJJJ/=7;7 ;7 tnetkel Wroiu`sj 4. Wnrkturke Bnetnrj @nsncktke Eobor ;;3:/BNE@NV/WN]/TJJJ/=7 Khkt @nsncktke ike pnrmn`khke @nsncktke ]ubkc Ykellk. ;;:7/BNE@NV/WN]/TJJJ/=7;7 7;7 tnetkel Jzje Nikr In-fobbjssjoejel/Wnelckpuske In-fobbjssjoejel/Wnelckpuske Yjeik`ke bnelckpus Mkrkel Bjhj` Enlkrk ikrj ikdtkr mkrkel inelke bnenrmjt`ke surkt `nputuske ikrj pnakmkt ykel mnrwnekel uetu` bnbmnmks`ke Wnelluek ike ktku @uksk Wnelluek Mkrkel ike ktku Wnelnhohk Mkrkel ikrj tkelluel akwkm kibjejstrksj ike djsj` mkrkel ykel mnrkik ikhkb pnelukskkeeyk.
;.4.4 Wneluajke @nsnhurucke tjeik`ke ykel bnhjputj pnbnrj`skke djsj` ike pnelu`urke sktu ktku hnmjc sjdkt, `krk`tnrjstj` ikrj suktu proiu`, prosns, output uetu` bnbmkeijel`ke cksjh pneluajke pneluaj ke ikrj khkt u`ur inelke stkeikr stkei kr uetu` sktuke sktuk e u`urke ykel snsukj snsuk j luek bnentkp`ke sjdkt u`ureyk ktku bnenetu`ke mnskrke ktku `nskhkcke pnelu`urke.
;.4.< @khjmrksj @khjmrksj kikhkc bnbkstj`ke cumuelke ketkrk mnskrke ykel ijtueau``ke ohnc suktu khkt u`ur ktku sjstnb pnelu`urke ktku mnskrke ykel ijkmkij`ke pkik suktu mkcke u`ur inelke mnskrke ykel snmnekreyk ikrj mnskrke ykel iju`ur.
;.4.3 Dksjhjtks Wnhkykeke @nsncktke
Vuktu khkt ike /ktku tnbpkt ykel ijluek`ke uetu` bneynhnellkrk`ke upkyk `nsncktke, mkj` probotjd, prnvnetjd, `urktjd bkupue rnckmjhjtktjd ykel ijhk`u`ke ohnc Wnbnrjetkc, Wnbnrjetkc Iknrkc ike/ktku bksykrk`kt.
;.4.: Vtkeikri Wrosniur Opnrksjoekh
Vuktu snt jestru`sj ykel bnbjhj`j `n`uktke snmklkj suktu pntueau` ykel bnefk`up ckh-ckh ikrj opnrksj ykel bnbjhj`j prosniur pkstj ktku tnrstkeikrijsksj, tkepk `ncjhkelke `nndn`tjdkeeyk.
;.4.;7 ^aj Duelsj Wneluajke khkt `nsncktke snfkrk `nsnhurucke, bnhkhuj uaj mkljke-mkljke khkt inelke `nbkbpuke bk`sjbub (snfkrk tn`ejs skkt jtu) tkepk mnmke snmnekreyk, sncjellk ikpkt ij`ntkcuj `jenrak ike `nbkbpuke khkt ikhkb ckh duelsj `obpoene ike `nhukrke. ^aj duelsj ijhk`skek`ke snmnhub khkt ijtnrjbk ohnc Wkejtjk Wnenrjbk Mkrkel.
;.4.;; ^aj @nsnhkbktke ^aj `nsnhkbktke kikhkc suktu mnetu` pneluajke ykel ijhk`u`ke tnrckikp proiu` uetu` bnbpnrohnc `npkstjke tjik` kikeyk mkckyk ykel ijtjbmuh`ke snmklkj k`jmkt pnelluekke proiu` tnrsnmut.
;.4.;= ^aj Fomk Wneluajke khkt snfkrk `nsnhurucke, bnhkhuj uaj mkljke-mkljke khkt inelke mnmke snmnekreyk (bjskheyk pksjne), sntnhkc uaj duelsj ijhk`u`ke inelke cksjh mkj`. ^aj fomk ijhk`skek`ke ohnc opnrktor ykel tnhkc ijhktjc, uetu` bnbmjksk`ke pnelluekke khkt snsukj prosniur `nrakeyk ikhkb wk`tu tnrtnetu ktku mnrikskr`ke aubhkc pnbk`kjke.
;.4.;6 ]nfkhh Vuktu tjeik`ke ykel ijhk`u`ke uetu` bnelktksj bkskhkc pkik suktu pnrkhktke `nsncktke, mjhk tjik` snsukj inelke pnrkturke ykel mnrhk`u ktku ikpkt bneynmkm`ke suktu mkckyk pkik pk ik pnelluekkeeyk. pnelluekk eeyk. Vuktu proiu` ykel ijtkrj ` ikrj pnrnikrke, k`ke ijtnhjtj ijtn hjtj uhkel
ohnc proiusne sncjellk ikpkt ijtnetu`ke kpk`kc proiu` tnrsnmut k`ke ijpnrmkj`j ktku ij busekc`ke.
;.4.;9 Jzje Wroiu`sj Jzje uetu` bnhk`u`ke `nljktke ktku prosns bnelcksjh`ke, bneyjkp`ke, bnelohkc, ike/ktku bnelumkc mnetu` khkt `nsncktke.
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;.4.;> Jzje Nikr Jzje ykel ijmnrj`ke `npkik pnruskckke uetu` proiu` khkt `nsncktke, ykel k`ke ijjbport, ijluek`ke ike/ktku ijnikr`ke ij wjhkykc ]npumhj` Jeioensjk, mnrikskr`ke pnejhkjke tnrckikp butu, `nkbkeke ike `nbkedkktke.
;.4.;4 Jzje Ijstrjmusj Jzje uetu` bnhk`u`ke `nljktke ijstrjmusj ike pnelneikhjke butu ykel mnrtuauke uetu` bneakbje klkr proiu` khkt `nsncktke ykel ijijstrjmusj`ke sneketjksk bnbneucj pnrsykrktke ykel ijtntkp`ke snsukj tuauke pnelluekkeeyk. pnelluekkeeyk.
;.4.;< Yn`eoholj @nsncktke Wnenrkpke pnelntkcuke ike `ntnrkbpjhke ikhkb mnetu` pnrkhkte `nsncktke, omktomktke, vk`sje, prosniur ike sjstnb ykel ij`nbmkel`ke uetu` bnbnfkc`ke bkskhkc `nsncktke ike bnejel`kt`ke `ukhjtks `ncjiupke.
;.4.;3 Wrk-jestkhksj Wneyjkpke bktnrjkh ike `nhnel`kpke ykel ijmutuc`ke uetu` jestkhksj khkt.
;.4.;: Jestkhksj Khkt Ykckp `nljktke buhkj ikrj pnenbpktke/pnrhntk`ke, pnrk`jtke, pneyntnhke, kiaustbne, pnelu`urke pnelu`urke `nhukrke skbpkj khkt mnrduelsj mkj`.
pnbkskelke,
;.4.=7 Wnbnrj`skke Djsj`
@nljktke ykel bnhjputj pnejhkjke djsj` snfkrk vjsukh, `nhnel`kpke ike `jenrak khkt. ;.4.=; Vpnsjdj`ksj Iktk ykel bnelurkj`ke `nbkbpuke, `kpksjtks, tn`eoholj, sjstnb, duelsj, k`snsorj, `nsnhkbktke ike kspn` tn`ejs hkjeeyk ikrj suktu khkt.
;.4.== Wneynijk/]n`keke Wneynijk/]n`keke Wnruskckke ykel ijtueau` ohnc Wnakmkt Wnbmukt @objtbne uetu` bnhk`skek`ke pnelkikke mkrkel ike aksk. Wnruskckke tnrsnmut tjik` ckrus bneakij klne pnrkhktke tntkpj bneikpkt iu`uelke ikrj klne tuellkh pnrkhktke.
;.4.=6 Vnrtjdj`kt Wneluajke (Ynst Fnrtjdjfktn) ikrj pkmrj` Vnrtjdj`kt ykel ij`nhukr`ke ohnc pkmrj` pnbmukt khkt snmklkj mu`tj mkcwk khkt ykel ijproiu`sj tnhkc huhus pneluajke pkmrj`, bnhjputj 1 `nhukrke (output), duelsj ike
`nsnhkbktke. ;.4.=9 Mu`u Wntueau` Wntueau` ykel ckrus ijsnrtk`ke pkik pnrkhktke `nsncktke ykel ijijstrjmusj`ke, bnhjputj 1 pntueau` opnrksjoekh, pntueau` jestkhksj ike pntueau` pnbnhjckrkke ikhkb mkcksk Enlkrk pnbmukt, mkcksk Jellrjs, mkcksk Jeioensjk. Wntueau` ykel ckrus ijsnrtk`ke snsukj anejs pnrkhktke.
;.4.=> ]kel`kjke Ijklrkb Lkbmkr rkel`kjke ykel bneueau``ke tktk hntk` `obpoene ike cumuelke `kmnh/prjetni fjrfujt kektr `obpoene/mho` `obpoene suktu khkt. Ikpkt ijpnrluek`ke uetu` bnelntkcuj tjel`kt tn`eoholj ike bnhk`u`ke jinetjdj`ksj/bnhkfk` `nrusk`ke ike pnrmkj`ke.
;.4.=4 Vu`u Fkikel @obpoene suktu rn`obneiksj pkmrj` khkt ykel bnelkhkbj `nrusk`ke sntnhkc akel`k wk`tu tnrtnetu ike ijrn`obneiksj`ke ckrus ijsnijk`ke.
;.4.=< Mkljke/@obpoene utkbk khkt
Mkljke ikrj uejt utkbk ykel snfkrk duelsj tjik` ikpkt ijpjskc`ke.
;.4.=3 K`snsorj @nhnel`kpke stkeikr ykel snfkrk duelsj tjik` ikpkt ijpjskc`ke ike ckrus hnel`kp pkik skkt pneynrkcke pnrkhktke.
;.4.=: K`snsorj Ykbmkcke
@nhnel`kpke duelsj tkbmkcke uetu` bnejel`kt`ke `jenrak ktku duelsj khkt.
;.4.67 Vkrkek
Mkelueke/rukelke ykel ijpnrhu`ke uetu` pnenbpktke ike jestkhksj khkt.
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;.4.6; Wrkskrkek Wrkskrkek @nsncktke kikhkc mneik bkupue akrjelke/jestkhksj ykel bnbmukt suktu mkelueke/rukelke ykel kik ij dksjhjtks pnhkykeke `nsncktke mjsk mnrduelsj inelke tuauke
ykel ijckrkp`ke. ;.4.6= In`oetkbjeksj In`oetkbjeksj kikhkc upkyk bnelurkelj ike/ktku bnelcjhkel`ke `oetkbjeksj ohnc bj`roorlkejsbn pkik orkel, pnrkhktke, mkcke ike rukel bnhkhuj pnbmnrsjcke, insjedn`sj ike stnrjhjsksj inelke fkrk djsj` ike `jbjkwj.
;.4.66 Wnbmnrsjcke Vnmukc prosns ykel snfkrk djsj` bnelcjhkel`ke bj`roorlkejsbk ike mkcke orlkej` tkpj tjik` snhkhu bnelckefur`ke skbk sn`khj. Wnelurkelke `oetkbjeksj bj`roorlkejsbk tnrlketuel pkik mkeyk` dk`tor, tnrbksu` ndn`tjvjtks ikrj prosns pnbmnrsjcke. Wnbmnrsjcke pnetjel ijhk`u`ke klkr prosns ijsjedn`sj ktku stnrjhjsksj ndn`tjd. ;.4.69 Insjedn`sj Insjedn`sj kikhkc upkyk uetu` bnelurkelj/bnelcjhkel`ke aubhkc bj`roorlkejsbn pktcolne pneynmkm pneyk`jt (tjik` tnrbksu` spork) inelke djsj` ike `jbjkwj inelke bnelluek`ke fkjrke insjedn`tke.
;.4.6> Insjedn`tke Insjedn`tke kikhkc omkt pnbmksbj `ubke pneyk`jt ktku mkcke `jbjk mnrsjdkt to`sj` ykel ijluek`ke uetu` bnefnlkc tnrakijeyk jedn`sj ike bnbjhj`j `nbkbpuke bnbmueuc
bj`roorlkejsbn. ;.4.64 Vtnrjhjsksj Vtnrjhjsksj kikhkc upkyk uetu` bnelcjhkel`ke snbuk bj`roorlkejsbn tnrbksu` neiospork inelke fkrk djsj` ike `jbjkwj inelke bnelluek`ke khkt stnrjhjsktor
;.4.6< @oetkbjeksj
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Kikeyk zkt pnelotor ktku pnefnbkrke mneik bktj ktku bktnrjkh cjiup ykel bnrupk`ke mkcke mnrmkckyk, ykel tjik` ijjelje`ke ykel mnrpotnesj bneuhkr ktku hkjeeyk. @nbuel`jeke mnskr mnrupk mkcke orlkej` ike zkt bneuhkr, aulk ikpkt mnrupk zkt-zkt ykel tjik` ijjelje`ke hkjeeyk bjskheyk rnsjiu `jbjk, mkcke rkijok`tjd, proiu` inlrkiksj, mkcke `nbkske ihh. @oetkbjeksj tnrsnmut bneynmkm`ke pnelkruc ykel bnrulj`ke duelsj pnrkel`kt `nsncktke ike ikpkt ijtuhkr`ke `n orkel snhkbk pnbrosnske, pnelluekke ktku pneyjbpkeke pnrkhktke `nsncktke.
;.4.63 Wkejtjk Wnenrjbk Mkrkel Wkejtjk ykel ijmnetu` pnakmkt ykel mnrwnekel, ykel mnrtjeik` uetu` ike ktks ekbk jestkesj ikhkb bnhk`u`ke `nljktke pnbnrj`skke, pnenhjtjke ike pnenrjbkke mkrkel snsukj `ntnetuke ikhkb `oetrk`.
;.4.6: Bksk pnbnhjckrkke pnrkhktke
@nljktke ykel ijhk`skek`ke ohnc tn`ejsj pneynijk pnrkhktke `nsncktke/rn`keke ikhkb akel`k wk`tu tnrtnetu (snsukj `oetrk`), inelke tuauke klkr pnrkhktke snhkbk bksk pnbnhjckrkke snhkhu ikhkb `oeijsj mkj` ike hkj` pk`kj. Akiwkh pnbnhjckrkke tjkp khkt bnelj`utj pntueau` pnbnhjckrkke ikrj pkmrj`, ijsnsukj`ke inelke anejs ike tjel`kt tn`eoholj khkt.
;.4.97 Bksk lkrkesj Akel`k wk`tu tnrtnetu snsukj `ntnetuke ikhkb `oetrk`, ijbkek pjck` pneynijk pnrkhktke `nsncktke/rn`keke bksjc mnrtkelluelakwkm tnrckikp pnrmkj`ke/pnellketjke pnrkhktke `nsncktke ykel bnelkhkbj `nrusk`ke k`jmkt `nskhkcke tn`ejs khkt ike mu`ke k`jmkt `nskhkcke opnrktor/usnr ike ktku `nskhkcke fktu ikyk.
;.4.9; @oeijsj djsj` @oeijsj khkt ykel ijejhkj ikrj `nkikke djsj` snfkrk vjsukh, bnhjputj kikeyk `nrntk`ke, pneyo`, mnel`o`, mnel`o`, hnfnt, pktkc ike hkje-hkje.
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MKM JJ WN]NEFKEKKE WN]NEFKEKK E IKE WNELKIKK WNELKIKKE E
Yuauke pnrnefkekke ike pnelkikke pnrkhktke bnijs kikhkc 1
;.
Ijpnrohnceyk `nmutucke anejs, spnsjdj`ksj tn`ejs ike aubhkc pnrkhktke bnijs.
=.
Ijpnrohnceyk pnrmkeijelke spnsjdj`ksj tn`ejs, duelsj, k`snsorj.
6.
Ijpnrohnceyk pnrmkeijelke ckrlk pnrkhktke bnijs.
9.
Ijpnrohnceyk pnrmkeijelke mjkyk pnbnhjckrkke snhkbk usjk tn`ejs.
>.
Ijpnrohnceyk pnrkhktke bnijs ykel mnrbutu, kbke ike hkj` pk`kj. ^etu` bneakbje `nsnhkbktke pksjne, bkekanbne ijtuetut ikhkb prosns pnrnefkekke
ike pnelkikke pnrkhktke bnijs ykel `obprncnesjd ike mnr`nsjekbmuelke, uetu` bneikpkt`ke pnrnefkekke ike pnelkikke ykel mnr`nsjekmuelke ijmutuc`ke `objtbne ikhkb bnenrkp`ke pnrnefkekke.
=.6. WN]NEFKEKKE Wnrnefkekke kikhkc suktu prosns uetu` bnenetu`ke `nmutucke tnr`kjt anejs, spnsjdj`ksj ike aubhkc pnrkhktke bnijs snsukj inelke `nbkbpuke pnhkykeke/`hksjdj`ksj rubkc sk`jt, mnmke pnhkykeke, pnr`nbmkelke tn`eoholj `nsncktke, submnr ikyk bkeusjk ykel bnelopnrksj`ke ike bnbnhjckrk skrkek ike prkskrkek. Wnrnefkekke `nmutucke pnrkhktke skelkt mnrbkedkkt uetu` pneynijkke kellkrke, pnhk`skekke pnelkikke pnrkhktke bnijs snfkrk ndn`tjd, ndjsjne ike prosnseyk ikpkt ijpnrtkelluelakwkm`ke.
Wnhk`skekke pnrnefkekke pnrkhktke bnijs bnbmutuc`ke iktk `jenrak pnrkhktke ykel tnhkc ijbjhj`j ike jedorbksj tnrmkru anejs pnrkhktke bnijs ykel mnrnikr. @jenrak pnrkhktke ykel tnhkc ijbjhj`j ijpnrohnc ikrj iktk io`ubnetksj pnbkedkktke ike pnbnhjckrkke pnrkhktke. Jedorbksj pnrkhktke bnijs ykel mnrnikr ijpnrohnc ikrj rndnrnesj ikrj pumhj`ksj proiusne ktku ijstrjmutor, wnmsjtn, rubkc sk`jt hkje ykel tnhkc bnelluek`ke pnrkhktke. Wnrhu ijpnrcktj`ke jaje nikr pnrkhktke bnijs tnrsnmut ike ijpnrtjbmkel`ke puhk jedorbksj snrtjdj`ksj/pnelk`uke ikrj DIK ike FN,
;=
spnsjdj`ksj, k`snsorj, duelsj ike `nkeikhke, pnbnhjckrkke, `ntnrsnijkke su`u fkikel, ckrlk, akbjeke purek aukh ike hnlkhjtks jzje nikr pnrkhktke bnijs ij Jeioensjk. Jeioensjk. Wnrnefkekke pnrkhktke bnijs tnrtnetu bnbmutuc`ke pnrnefkekke `nmutucke rukelke uetu` pnenbpktke pnrkhktke bnijs, tneklk bnijs ike pksjne snrtk jestkhksj bnij` bnhjputj `nhjstrj`ke, lks bnij`, skrkek. ^etu` pnrkhktke tnrtnetu snpnrtj pnrkhktke rkijoholj, rkijotnrkpj ike B]J bnbmutuc`ke `n`cususke pnrnefkekke rukelke ike jestkhksj bnij` snsukj inelke pnrsykrktke tnr`kjt inelke anejs pnrkhktke ike pnrkturke pnrueikelueikelke. Ikhkb bnrnefkek`ke inskje rukelke ike jestkhksj bnij` bnbpnrcktj`ke `nmutucke pnelnbmkelke pnhkykeke ike pnskteyk `nbkauke tn`eoholj `nsncktke. Wnrnefkekke pnrkhktke bnijs ij dksjhjtks pnhkykeke `nsncktke bnbmutuc`ke `ntnrhjmktke tneklk tn`ejs pnrkhktke bnijs, tneklk bnijs, `npnrkwktke, tneklk tn`ejs skrkek ike prkskrkek ike bkekanbne. ]ukel hjel`up `nljktke pnrnefkekke bnhjputj pnejhkjke `nmutucke, pnenetuke prjorjtks pnelkikke ike pnelkellkrke.
=.;.;. Wnejhkjke `nmutucke
Wnejhkjke `nmutucke (enni ( enni kssnssbnet ) kikhkc prosns uetu` bnenetu`ke ike bnelktksj `nsneakelke ketkrk sjtuksj ktku `oeijsj skkt jej inelke sjtuksj ktku `oeijsj ykel ijjelje`ke. Wnejhkjke `nmutucke kikhkc `nljktke strktnljs ike bnrupk`ke mkljke ikrj prosns pnrnefkekke pn rnefkekke pnrkhktke bnijs ykel mnrtuauke uetu` bnejel`kt`ke `jenrak pnhkykeke `nsncktke ktku bnbpnrmkj`j `n`urkelke pnhkykeke `nsncktke. Wnejhkjke `nmutucke pnrkhktke bnijs pkik ikskreyk ijbk`sui`ke uetu` pnbneucke stkeikr pnrkhktke bnijs snsukj `nbkbpuke/`hksjdj`ksj rubkc sk`jt, pnellketjke pnrkhktke bnijs ike pnelnbmkelke pnhkykeke `nsncktke snsukj `nmutucke bksykrk`kt ktku pnr`nbmkelke tn`eoholj. Wnellketjke pnrkhktke bnijs snhkje ijhk`u`ke `krnek dk`tor1 ;. Wnr`nbmkelke tn`eoholj
;6
=. @nsnsukjke tnrckikp stkeikri `nsnhkbktke/rnluhksj 6. Mjkyk pnbnhjckrkke ykel tjellj (mktks mjkyk pnbnhjckrkke) 9. @ntnrsnijkke su`u fkikel >. @nsnsukjke inelke jhbu `nio`tnrke Wnhk`skekke pnejhkjke `nmutucke pnrkhktke `nmutucke pnrkhktke bnijs ijktur ikhkb stkeikr prosniur opnrksjoekh bnbukt 1 k) Wnrke pkrk pjck` tnr`kjt pnelluek (io`tnr, pnrkwkt, `ntn`ejsjke bnij` ike `ntnrkpjke djsj`), tneklk tn`ejs pnbnhjckrk ike bkekanbne rubkc sk`jt. m) Bn`kejsbn pnelkauke `nmutucke ikrj jestkhksj rkwkt jekp ktku rkwkt akhke ike jestkhksj pneueakel bnij` `npkik `npkik ijrn`tur rubkc sk`jt ykel mnrtkelluel akwkm ij mjikel pnrkhktke. f) Wrosns pnel`kajke ohnc tjb pnrnefkekke `nmutucke pnrkhktke bnijs ike snhkeauteyk.
i) ]n`obneiksj pnbneucke pnrkhktke bnijs. Ikhkb bnhk`u`ke pnejhkjke `nmutucke pnrkhktke bnijs, tjb pnrnefkekke `nmutucke pnrkhktke bnbmutuc`ke iktk ike jedorbksj snmklkj mnrj`ut 1
k. Jevnetorj pnrkhktke bnijs bnhjputj anejs, spnsjdj`ksj, aubhkc, ckrlk, tkcue pnelkikke ike `oeijsj pnrkhktke bnijs. m. @ukhjtks pnrkhktke1 iktk pnbnhjckrkke bnhjputj drn`unesj `nrusk`ke, hkbk pnrmkj`ke, su`u fkikel, mjkyk pnbnhjckrkke. f. @jenrak pnrkhktke 1 iktk pnbkedkktke ike `kpksjtks khkt snsukj spnsjdj`ksj. i. @nkbkeke pnrkhktke 1 iktk vjljhhkefn bnhjputj drn`unesj jesjine, k`jmkt ykel ijtjbmuh`ke, pumhj`ksj vjljhkefn. n. Vubmnr ikyk bkeusjk bnhjputj `ntnrsnijkke tneklk pnelluek ike pnbnhjckrk snrtk `obpntnesjeyk pnelluek ykel k`ke bnelopnrksj`ke. d. Jedorbksj ckrlk pnrkhktke bnijs inelke spnsjdj`ksj ykel skbk ikrj mnrmklkj proiusne/ijstrjmutor tnrbksu` mjkyk pnbnhjckrkke, `ntnrsnijkke su`u fkikel ike akbjeke purek aukh (rnspoei tjbn, hkbk pnrmkj`ke).
l. Iktk ike jedorbksj pneueakel hkjeeyk snpnrtj `nsjkpke rukelke, hjstrj` ike kjr.
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Wnrcjtuelke pnrkhktke bnijs uetu` pnbneucke snsukj stkeikr, anejs ike aubhkc pnrkhktke bnijs ckrus bnbpnrcktj`ke `nbkbpuke hkykeke mnrikskr`ke `hksjdj`ksj rubkc sk`jt ike `ntnrsnijkke aubhkc ike `obpntnesj VIB ykel ijpnrsykrkt`ke uetu` pneynhnellkrkke anejs ike vohubn pnbkedkktke pnhkykeke `nsncktke. Wkik rubkc sk`jt ykel tnhkc opnrksjoekh, pnrcjtuelke pnrkhktke uetu` pnbneucke stkeikr ijmutuc`ke iktk jevnetkrjsksj pnrkhktke tjkp uejt pnhkykeke snpnrtj JLI, JF^, EJF^, ]kwkt Akhke, ]kwkt ]k wkt Jekp, Wneueakel Bnij Bnij` ` ike uejt pnhkykeke hkjeeyk. hkjee yk. Anejs, aubhkc ykel kik, `kpksjtks khkt, pnbkedkktke, nstjbksj pnejel`ktke pnhkykeke, `nmutucke. Bnejhkj inelke bnhjckt iktk utjhjsksj / pnelluekke pnrkhktke bnijs sntjkp ckrjeyk k. mkj` ikrj fktktke rn`kb bnij` ktku bnhkhuj pnenhjtjke, mjhkbkek utjhjsksj / pnelluekke pnrkhktke bnijs fu`up tjellj, bk`k ijpnrhu`ke tkbmkcke pnrkhktke bnijs mkru. Wnrnefkekke inelke kikeyk pnelnbmkelke pnhkykeke `nsncktke, krtjeyk ijpnrhu`ke m.
f. i.
pnekbmkcke pnrkhktke mkru inelke tn`eoholj lnenrksj tnrmkru uetu` bneiu`uel pnelnbmkelke pnhkykeke `nsncktke. Bnenhkkc `ntnrsnijkke pnrkhktke bnijs tnrsnmut kpk`kc suikc tnrsnijk ij dksjhjtks `nsncktke ktku rubkc sk`jt hkje ykel in`kt inelke rubkc sk`jt. Wnejhkjke `nmutucke uetu` pnelnbmkelke pnhkykeke `nsncktke ike pnrkhktke inelke tn`eoholj lnenrksj hkbk. Cnkhtc Ynfceoholy Bkeklnbnet, aubhkc pksjne, pnrcjtuelke n`oeobj, VIB
Kikpue foetoc pnrcjtuelke pnrkhktke bnijs uetu` pnbneucke snsukj stkeikr ikpkt ijhjckt pkik hkbpjrke K.=. Ikhkb pnejhkjke tn`eoholj pnrkhktke pnrhu ijpnrtjbmkel`ke aulk Hjdn fyfhn fost (HFF) snmklkj skhkc sktu jestrubnet pnejhkjke, snhkje Jaje Nikr pnrhu ijpnrcktj`ke kikeyk pnrsntuauke Dooi kei Irul Kibjejstrktjoe (DIK) ikrj Kbnrj`k Vnrj`kt, Foedorbjtê Nuropêneen (FN) ikrj ^ej Nropk.
;>
Hjdn fyfhn fost (HFF) kikhkc totkh mjkyk `nsnhurucke pnrkhktke, tnrbksu` mjkyk pnbmnhjke, pnelopnrksjke, pnbnhjckrkke, pnelkhjcke ike/ktku pnelckpuske. HFF kikhkc totkh pnr`jrkke mjkyk ikrj kwkh skbpkj s kbpkj pnelckpuske, ykel ijcjtuel bnhkhuj mjkyk pnr tkcue snrtk snrt k bnbpnrcktj`ke ejhkj wk`tu ikrj ukel. Yuauke HFF kekhjsjs kikhkc pnein`ktke bnbjhjc mjkyk ykel pkhjel ndn`tjd ikrj snrkel`kjke khtnrektjd uetu` bnen`ke mjkyk pkik akel`k wk`tu tnrtnetu pnrkhktke. HFF bnrupk`ke boinh n`oeobj snhkbk bksk ikrj pnrkhktke tnrsnmut ijpk`kj, ijpnhjckrk, ijckpus, mjkskeyk snmnskr =-=7 `khj hnmjc mnskr ikrj mjkyk pnelkikke kwkh. @nsnjbmkelke ketkrk uesur-uesur mjkyk ijfkpkj `ntj`k totkh HFF mjsk ijbjejbkh`ke.
HFF bnbmketu 1
;. Mkljke pnrnefkekke, ykel jelje bnbjejbkh`ke mjkyk boikh =. Mkljke Wnbnhjckrkke, ykel jelje bnbjejbkh`ke hkbkeyk pnrmkj`ke 6. Wnelluek, ykel jelje bnbk`sjbkh`ke wk`tu opnrksjoekh pnrkhktke ike bnelcjeikrj `nlklkhke/jesjine pnrkhktke 9. Mkljke @nukelke, ykel jelje bnbk`sjbkh`ke Ent Wrnsnet Tkhun (EWT, Vnhjsjc ketkrk pnenrjbkke inelke pnelnhukrke / mjkyk snhkbk ubur jevnstksj) jevnstksj)
>. Wnbjhj` ]ubkc Vk`jt, ykel jelje bnejel`kt`ke pneikpktke
=.;.=. Wnelkellkrke
Kellkrke ike `nukelke uetu` pnbneucke, pnellketjke ktku pnelnbmkelke, pnrkhktke bnijs ijsnsukj`ke inelke `nmutucke pnrkhktke bnijs. ^etu` Dksyke`ns bjhj` pnbnrjetkc, kellkrke mjsk mjs k mnrsubmnr ikrj1
k. Wneikpktke Eksjoekh Mu`ke Wkak` (WEMW) m. Mkike Hkykeke ^bub (MH^) f. Kellkrke Wneikpktke ike Mnhkeak Enlkrk (KWME). i. Kellkrke Wneikpktke ike Mnhkeak Iknrkc (KWMI). n. Kellkrke hkje submnr (mketuke cjmkc, ike hkje-hkje).
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Vnhuruc submnr kellkrke ij ktks, uetu` bnbneucj `nmutucke pnbneucke ike pnellketjke pnrkhktke ikhkb pnhkykeke `nsncktke ckrus bksu` ij ikhkb pnrnefkekke ktku ]KM (rnefkek kellkrke mnhkeak) ]ubkc sk`jt sntjkp tkcueeyk. tk cueeyk. Kpkmjhk kellkrke submnr ikrj pneikpktke rubkc sk`jt bnbjhj`j `nbkbpuke ykel tnrmktks, bk`k pnrnefkekkeeyk ijdo`us`ke `npkik pnrkhktke bnijs prjorjtks ykel ijsnsukj`ke inelke `rjtnrjk pkik sntjkp rubkc sk`jt ijketkrkeyk tjel`kt utjhjtks, hjdn support, mrkeijel ike pnhkykeke uelluhke. uelluhke.
=.;.6. Wrjorjtks pnbneucke `nmutucke
Yjik` snhkbkeyk cksjh ikrj pnejhkjke `nmutucke pnrkhktke bnijs ikpkt ijrnkhjsksj`ke snbukeyk, `ntnrmktkske kellkrke bneakij `neikhk ikhkb pnbneucke tnrsnmut ij`krnek`ke pneikpktke rubkc sk`jt bnbjhj`j `nbkbpuke ykel tnrmktks, bk`k pnrnefkek keeyk ijdo`us`ke `npkik pnrkhktke pnrnefkekkeeyk pnrkhkt ke bnijs prjorjtk prjorjtkss ykel ijsnsuk ijsnsukj`ke j`ke inelke `rjtnrjk pkik sntjkp rubkc sk`jt ijketkrkeyk kikhkc snmklkj mnrj`ut1 mnrj`ut1
;.
Yjel`kt utjhjtks Bnrupk`ke tjel`kt pnelluekke ktku pnbk`kjke pnrkhktke bnijs pkik pnhkykeke. Ckh jej tnr`kjt inelke tnrckikp mkeyk`eyk `nmutucke pnrkhktke tnrsnmut sncjellk k`ke mnrpnelkruc pkik tjel`kt pnhkykeke pnh kykeke ike pnelcksjhke ikrj rrubkc ubkc sk`jt
=. Mrkei Jbkln rubkc sk`jt Mnmnrkpk pnrkhktke bnijs ikpkt ijksosjk`ke tnrckikp pnefjtrkke ykel posjtjd ohnc bksykrk`kt. Wnrkhktke bnijs inelke anejs tnrtnetu, fkelljc ike pnrkhktke inelke tn`eoholj tnr`jej ijyk`jej ikpkt bneioroel ejhkj aukh (bkr`ntkmhn ( bkr`ntkmhn)) snpnrtj FY-Vfke, B]J, ^VL 9 Ijbnesj, ihh.
6.
Wnhkykeke uelluhke Vntjkp rubkc sk`jt pkstj bnbjhj`j prolrkb pnhkykeke uelluhke ykel bnrupk`ke suktu `nhnmjcke ijmkeijel inelke rubkc sk`jt hkjeeyk. Wnhkykeke uelluhke tnrsnmut ckrushkc ijiu`uel inelke `ntnrsnijke pnrkhktke bnijs ykel snsukj inelke tuetutke pnhkykeke uelluhke.
9.
Wnrkhktke Hjdn support
;<
Bnrupk`ke pnrkhktke ykel bneopkel cjiup pksjne, tkepk pnrkhktke jej pksjne k`ke mnrikbpk` pkik `nbktjke bjskhkeyk pnrkhktke mketu pnrekpkske (khkt rnsusjtksj, vnetjhktor, Bnsje Keknstcnsj), mkmy jefumktor, Wnrkhktke `rjtnrjk jej ckrushkc snhkhu tnrsnijk ohnc rubkc sk`jt `krnek skelkt tnr`kjt inelke `nsnhkbktke pksjne >. @nsjkpke mkelueke/rukelke mkelueke/rukelke ike prkskrkek. Mnmnrkpk pnrkhktke bnijs ij rubkc sk`jt bnbnrhu`ke rukelke/tnbpkt `cusus ikhkb opnrksjoekheyk. Mkelueke/rukelke tnbpkt pnrkhktke bnijs mnrkik ckrus suikc ijpnrsjkp`ke ike ijinskje sninbj`jke rupk snrtk ijhnel`kpj inelke prkskrkek snpnrtj hjstrj`, kjr, lks bnij`, pnbmubjke, sjstnb `obuej`ksj, ike hkje-hkje snsukj pnrsykrktke. Ckh jej klkr pnhkykeke `nsncktke ikpkt ijhk`u`ke inelke mkj` snrtk uetu` `nkbkeke pntulks, pksjne snrtk bksykrk`kt ikrj rjsj`o pnrkhktke bnijs, mkckyk lntkrke, pkeks, mjsjel ktku rkijksj. Lkbmkr =.; Wrosns kekhjsk `nmutucke snfkrk ubub 9 =.9.
Lnenrjf stkeikris kei nxkbphns ¼ Hnvnh od fkrn ¼ Fhjejfkh prkftjfn lujinhjens ¼ Bnijfkh invjfn hjsts ¼ ....
Wrjorjtjsktjoe
Kekhysjel / jetnrprntjel
Ovnrkhh lkp / enni
Muilntkry kei C] sjtuktjoe
Wrjorjtjsni enni
¼ Npjinbjoholjfkh ennis/ijsnksn prjorjtjns ¼ Wopuhktjoe iktk ((inbolrkpcy, inbolrkpcy, fktfcbnet krnk, pktjnet rktn) ¼ Vnrvjfn kvkjhkmjhjty kei kffnssjmjhjty ¼ Jedrkstrufturn sjtuktjoe ¼ Bnijfkh invjfn sjtuktjoe ¼ Cubke rnsourfn (C]) sjtuktjoe
Mksnhjen iktk
WNELKIKKE (W]OF^]NBNEY )
Wnelkikke pnrkhktke bnijs ijhk`u`ke snsukj inelke pnrkturke ykel mn r h k` u. Zk el pn rh u ij pn rc kt j `k e ik h kb pn el ki kk e pn rk h k tk e bn ij s ki kh kc
9 \CO, Enni Kssnssbnet dor Bnijfkh Invjfn, =7;;
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pneyusueke spnsjdj`ksj khkt `nsncktke, Vpnsjdj`ksj ckrus snsukj `nmutucke usnr/pnhkykeke. Vpnsjdj`ksj ykel tnrhkhu tjellj k`ke bnelk`jmkt`ke mjkyk ykel fu`up tjellj. Vpnsjdj`ksj tnrhkhu rneikc mjsk bnelk`jmkt`ke pnhkykeke tjik` mjsk mnrakhke optjbkh. Ckh-ckh ykel pnrhu ijpnrcktj`ke 1 - @ntnrsnijkke su`u fkikel. Mjkyk opnrksjoekh (hjstrj`, mkcke ckmjs pk`kj). - @nmutucke prk-jestkhksj (pn`nrakke sjpjh, hjstrj` `cusus, pnrpjpkke ike `obpoene pnelkbke/`nsnhkbktke). - @nmutucke skrkek (mkelueke/rukelke (mkelueke/rukelke). ). -
@nmutucke prkskrkek (hjstrj`, kjr, lks)
=.9.;. Wneyjkpke Vpnsjdj`ksj
Vpnsjdj`ksj pnrkhktke bnijs ijsusue bnbpnrcktj`ke `nmutucke pnhkykeke `nsncktke ij rubkc sk`jt ike `nsnsukjke/pnr`nbmkelke tn`eoholj. Wneyusueke spnsjdj`ksj aulk ckrus bnbpnrtjbmkel`ke rnluhksj khkt `nsncktke ij Jeioensjk, ykjtu pnrkhktke bnijs ykel mnrnikr ij Jeioensjk snrtk bnbpueykj jzje nikr snrtk `nsnsukjke tnrckikp Vtkeikr Eksjoekh bkupue jetnreksjoekh. Ckh jej uetu` bnbkstj`ke pnrkhktke bnijs ykel ijpjhjc bnbjhj`j `ukhjtks ykel mkj` snrtk snsukj inelkegJVO ;693> uetu` pkmrj`ke/proiusne kh`ns mkj` ikhkb enlnrj bkupue hukr enlnrj. Vnikel`ke `cusus uetu` khkt `nsncktke hukr enlnrj pnrhu ijpnrtjbmkel`ke tkbmkcke pnrsykrktke ykjtu ckrus suikc fobphjkefn inelke FN Bkr` ike DIK. Vnhkje mnmnrkpk pnrkhktke bnijs ykel mnrnikr ij Jeioensjk, ikpkt aulk bnelluek`ke pnrmkeijelke spnsjdj`ksj ikrj hnbmklk rjsnt jeinpnei mkj` eksjoekh bkupue jetnreksjoekh, bjskheyk CWFV ( Cnkhtc Cnkhtc Wroiuft Fobpkrjsoe Vystnb) Vystnb) ykel ij`nhukr`ke ohnc NF]J (nbnrlnefy fkrn rnsnkrfc jestjtutn). jestjtutn). Wnrmkeijelke spnsjdj`ksj ikrj CWFV skelkt bnbmketu ikhkb bneyusue spnsjdj`ksj sncjellk spnsjdj`ksj ykel ijcksjh`ke tjik` bnelkrkc tntkpj snsukj inelke spnsjdj`ksj ykel ijckrkp`ke.
;:
=.9.=. Hkel`kc ‖ hkel`kc hkel`kc pneyusueke spnsjdj`ksj spnsjdj`ksj
pnelubpuhke iktk spnsjdj`ksj pnrkhktke pnrkhkt ke bnijs ykel mnrnikr ij Jeioensjk. ;. Hk`u`ke pnelubpuhke =. Vnmklkj pnrmkeijelke ikpkt ijmketu inelke rndnrnesj ikrj bjskheyk CWFV (Cnkhtc Wroiuft Fobpkrjsoe Vystnb) ykel ij`nhukr`ke ohnc NF]J (nbnrlnefy fkrn rnsnkrfc jestjtutn).
6. Vusue pkrkbntnr spnsjdj`ksj khkt `nsncktke ykel ijmutuc`ke 9. Bksu`ke ejhkj bksjel-bksjel pkrkbntnr uetu` sntjkp anejs khkt `nsncktke ykel ijtkwkr`ke snsukj `nmutucke pnelluek. >. Ejhkj pkrkbntnr ikpkt ijmukt tntkp ktku inelke ejhkj tnrtnetu aj`k bnbjhj`j ikskr ykel `ukt ( austjdj`ksj austjdj`ksj `hjejs) `hjejs ) tnrckikp pnbjhjcke pkrkbntnr tnrsnmut. 4. Ckjh k`cjr spnsjdj`ksj ykel ijmutuc`ke. Foetoc spnsjdj`ksj tnrikpkt kik pkik hkbpjrke K.9.
=.9.6. Wneyusueke CWV
Ckrlk Wnr`jrkke Vneijrj (CWV) ktku Owenrs Nstjbktn (ON) kikhkc ckrlk mkrkel ike/ktku aksk ykel ij`kh`uhksj snfkrk `nkchjke ike mnrikskr`ke iktk ykel ikpkt ijpnrtkelluel akwkm`ke bnhjputj1> pkskr sntnbpkt ykjtu ckrlk mkrkel/aksk ijho`ksj mkrkel/aksk k) Ckrlk ijproiu`sj/ijsnrkc`ke/ ijhk`skek`ke, bneanhkel ijhk`skek`keeyk Wnelkikke Mkrkel/Aksk0 m) jedorbksj mjkyk sktuke ykel ijpumhj`ksj`ke snfkrk rnsbj ohnc Mkike Wuskt Vtktjstj` (MWV)0 f) jedorbksj mjkyk sktuke ykel ijpumhj`ksj`ke snfkrk rnsbj ohnc ksosjksj tnr`kjt ike submnr iktk hkje ykel ikpkt ijpnrtkelluelakwkm`ke0
i) ikdtkr mjkyk/tkrjd Mkrkel/Aksk ykel ij`nhukr`ke ohnc pkmrj`ke/ijstrjmutor tuellkh0 n) mjkyk @oetrk` snmnhubeyk ktku ykel snikel mnrakhke inelke bnbpnrtjbmkel`ke dk`tor pnrumkcke mjkyk0
> Wnrkturke Wrnsjine Eo. . ijpnrsjkp`ke
=6 =
Jestkhksj pnrkhkke ckrus bnelkfu pkik pntueau` jestkhksj ike lkbmkr jestkhksj ikrj pkmrj` pnbmukt/ijstrjmutor.
;. =. 6.
9.
Mnmnrkpk ckh ykel ckrus ijpnrcktj`ke pkik wk`tu jestkhksj khkt kikhkc snmklkj mnrj`ut1 Yjik` bnellkelu `nljktke pnhkykeke ij rubkc sk`jt ktku jestkesj `nsncktke hkjeeyk. Jestkhksj ijhk`u`ke ohnc tneklk ykel prodnsjoekh ike kchj ij mjikeleyk. @nrusk`ke pkik lniuel, `nhnel`kpke ike ktku bktnrjkh prk-jestkhksj ykel ijk`jmkt`ke ohnc jestkhksj khkt ckrus ijpnrmkj`j ohnc pnbkso`/pneynijk sncjellk `nbmkhj `n `nkikke snbuhk. Wkik pnhk`skekke jestkhksj, tn`ejsj pnbkso`/pneynijk ckrus bnelj`utsnrtk`ke tn`ejsj rubkc sk`jt/dksjhjtks pnhkykeke `nsncktke snmklkj upkyk khjc tn`eoholj.
6.= WNEN]JBKKE Wnenrjbkke pnrkhktke bnijs/`objsjoejel kikhkc prosns bnhkhuj prosns pnenrjbkke snfkrk djsj` ike kibjejstrktjd, uaj duelsj ike uaj fomk uetu` bnbkstj`ke mkcwk pnrkhktke bnijs jtu snsukj inelke spnsjdj`ksj ikhkb `oetrk`, mnrduelsj inelke mkj` snmnhub ijluek`ke ikhkb rkel`k bneakbje tnrsnijkeyk pnrkhktke bnijs ykel mnrbutu, kbke ike hkj` pk`kj.
Ynrijrj ikrj 6 tkckp ykjtu pnbnrj`skke djsj` pnrkhktke bnijs sntnhkc ijjestkhksj mklj pnrkhktke bnijs ykel bnesykrkt`ke jestkhksj, uaj duelsj ike uaj fomk ijsnrtkj pnhktjcke mklj pnelluek ike tn`ejsj. Cksjh pnenrjbkke pnrkhktke bnijs ijtukel`ke ikhkb mnrjtk kfkrk pnenrjbkke pnrkhktke bnijs snsukj inelke `ntnetuke ykel mnrhk`u. Wnrkhktke ykel ijtnrjbk ckrus bnbneucj `ntnetuke snmklkj mnrj`ut1
tnhkc snhnskj ijjestkhsj
tnhkc ijhk`u`ke pnbnrj`skke djsj`, jestkhksj ike uaj duelsj
tnhkc bnhnwktj bksk uaj fomk inelke cksjh mkj`
tnhkc bnhnwktj bksk pnbnhjckrkke pnrkhktke snsukj prolrkb
Vnhkje `ntnetuke ijktks pjck` pneynijk bksjc mnrtkelluel akwkm tnrckikp pnrkhktke snhkbk bksk lkrkesj.
6.=.;. Wkejtjk/Wnakmkt Wnenrjbk
Wkejtjk/Wnakmkt Wnenrjbk Cksjh Wn`nrakke kikhkc pkejtjk/pnakmkt ykel ijtntkp`ke ohnc WK/@WK ykel mnrtulks bnbnrj`sk ike bnenrjbk cksjh pn`nrakke. Ikhkb ckh pnbnrj`skke Mkrkel/Aksk bnbnrhu`ke `nkchjke tn`ejs `cusus, ikpkt ijmnetu` tjb/tneklk kchj uetu` bnbmketu pnhk`skekke tulks Wkejtjk/Wnakmkt Wnenrjbk Cksjh Wn`nrakke 4. @nkellotkke Wkejtjk/Wnakmkt Wnenrjbk tnrijrj ikrj uesur tn`ej`, pnelluek (usnr), bkekanbne ike pntulks kibjejstrksj mkrkel.
6.=.=. Wrosns Wnenrjbkke Wnrkhktke Bnijs
Wrosns pnenrjbkke pnrkhktke bnijs bnhkhuj 6 (tjlk) (t jlk) tkckpke, ykjtu 1
;) Wnbnrj`skke Djsj` @nljktke ykel bnhjputj pnejhkjke djsj` khkt, `nhnel`kpke khkt. Yuauke ikrj pnbnrj`skke jej kikhkc uetu` bnelnfn` `nsnsukjke 1 -
Bnr`, tjpn/boinh, aubhkc
-
Mkljke-mkljke khkt
- K`snsorj ykel ijpnske -
@nhnel`kpke io`ubne tn`ejs ykel tnrijrj ikrj 1
;) Fnrtjdjfktn od Orjlje =) Ynst Fnrtjdjfktn 6)
Bkeukh (opnrktjoe, snrvjfn, jestkhhktjoe, wjrjel/sfcnbktjf ijklrkb) ijklrkb)
=9
=) ^aj Duelsj ^aj duelsj ijhk`u`ke uetu` bnelntkcuj `jenrak khkt snsukj inelke ykel ijckrkp`ke ktku snsukj inelke stkeikri `nkbkeke ike stkeikri ikrj pkmrj`ke. Wnhk`skekke uaj duelsj snmklkj mnrj`ut 1 k. Wnbnrj`skke duelsj `obpoene/mkljke khkt (tobmoh, sk`hkr, jeij`ktor, putkrke botor, pnelnrnbke, ihh)
m. @jenrak output Wkik tkckp jej ijhk`u`ke pneluajke tnrckikp cksjh `nhukrke ikrj khkt (bjsskh1 (bjsskh 1 S-rky, tnbpnrkturn, putkrke, nenrly, ikyk cjskp, sjstnb pnrn`kbke, ihh). Wkik pneluajke `nhukrke jej, supphjnr ckrus bnhk`u`ke pnelu`urke, inelke bnelluek`ke khkt u`ur ykel snsukj inelke `nhukrke ykel ijcksjh`ke sntjkp anejs khkt. f. Wneluajke kspn` `nsnhkbktke, bnhjputj1 - Krus mofor - Jbpnikesj `kmnh pnbmubjke - Ejhkj tkckeke cumuelke pnbmubjke - ]kijksj mofor ike pkpkrke rkijksj - Keknstcnsjk lks sfkvneljel sjstnb - @nsntjbmkelke/mkhkefjel - Vjstnb pnelkbkeke tnrtnetu Ejhkj kbmkel mktks pkrkbntnr `nsnhkbktke ikpkt ijhjckt pkik hkbpjrke K.>. Ikhkb pnhk`skekke uaj duelsj pjck` pneynijk ckrushkc bneynijk`ke ijpnr hu`ke uetu` uaj duelsj mkcke opnrksjoekh ykel ijpnrhu`ke
khkt u`ur ykel ijpnrhu`ke ike
tneklk kchj ykel bkbpu uetu` bnhk`u`ke uaj duelsj ike pnrklkke khkt.
6) Wnhktjcke opnrktor ike tneklk tn`ej` (nhn`trobnijs) @nljktke pnhktjcke snmkj`eyk ijhk`u`ke sntnhkc uaj duelsj ike snmnhub `nljktke uaj fomk ijhk`u`ke.
Wnhktjcke opnrktor bnhjputj1
Wrosniur pnelluekke khkt ykel mnekr ike kbke
Wnelopnrksjke pnrkhktke snfkrk optjbkh
=>
Wnbnhjckrkke ckrjke, pneyjbpkeke khkt ike pnellketjke mkcke ckmjs pk`kj
Wneyusueke stkeikri opnrktjel profniur (VOW)
Wnhktjcke tn`ejsj/nhn`trobnijs bnhjputj1 Fkrk pnelopnrksjke pnrkhktke
Wneanhkske duelsj bksjel-bksjel mkljke khkt
Bnbpnhkakrj sfcnbktjf ijklrkb
Yroumhn scootjel/bneintn`sj `nrusk`ke
Wnelu`urke ike `khjmrksj
Wnbnhjckrkke prnvnetjd
Wnellketjke su`u fkikel
9) ^aj Fomk ^aj fomk kikhkc `nljktke pneluajke pnrkhktke inelke bnhk`u`ke pnelluekke hkelsuel pkik pksjne ykel ijhk`skek`ke sntnhkc bnhkhuj prosns uaj duelsj inelke mkj`. ^aj fomk ijhk`skek`ke ohnc opnrktor ykel tnhkc ijhktjc uetu` bnmjksk`ke pnelluekke khkt snsukj prosniur `nrakeyk ikhkb wk`tu tnrtnetu ktku mnrikskr`ke aubhkc pnbk`kjke.
6.=.6. Bksk pnbnhjckrkke pnrkhktke
Vntnhkc uaj duelsj khkt buhkj tkckp bksk pnbnhjckrkke. Wnbnhjckrkke ykel ijbk`sui tnrijrj ikrj pnbnhjckrkke mnr`khk ike pkelljhke sntjkp skkt ( oe fkhh snrvjfn), snrvjfn), ykjtu ikhkb `nkikke bneinsk` tn`ejsj pneynijk/ijstrjmutor ckrus mnrsnijk bnhk`u`ke pnrmkj`ke sntjkp skkt snhkbk bksk pnbnhjckrkke. @ntnetuke bnelnekj pnbnhjckrkke pnbnhjckrkke bnhjputj akel`k wk`tu pnbnhjckrkke, pnrjoin pnbnhjckrkke uetu` sntjkp khkt ike anejs `nljktke pnbnhjckrkke. Bksk lkrkesj kikhkc akel`k wk`tu tnrtnetu snsukj `ntnetuke ij ikhkb `oetrk`, ijbkekpjck` pneynijk bksjc mnrtkelluel akwkm tnrckikp pnrmkj`ke ike pneynijkke su`u fkikel pnrkhktke ykel bnelkhkbj `nrusk`ke k`jmkt `nlklkhe
=4
pnrkhktke ykel mu`ke ijk`jmkt`ke ohnc `nskhkcke opnrktor ike ktku `nsnkhkcke pneiu`uel hkjeyk snpnrtj hjstrj` rubkc sk`jt. Bksk lkrkesj ijcjtuel snak` snhnskj ijhk`u`ke uaj duelsj ktku snak` ijtkeiktkelkej Mnrjtk Kfkrk Wnenrjbkke pnrkhktke. @ntnetuke bnelnekj pnenrjbkke khkt tnrsnmut ikrj buhkj jestkhksj, prosns pnenrjbkke (pnbnrj`skke djsj`, uaj duelsj, pnhktjcke, uaj fomk), bksk pnbnhjckrkke ike lkrkesj ckrus ijtukel`ke ikhkb io`ubne pnelkikke sncjellk k`ke ijktur pkik io`ubne `oetrk`.
6.=.9. Hkel`kc-Hkel`kc sntnhkc Wnenrjbkke Khkt
;.
Wnefktktke pnrkhktke bnijs. Vnbuk pnrkel`kt mkru k`ke ijtnbpkt`ke pkik ikdtkr ksnt pnrkhktke ohnc ohn c pntulks ktku stkd ykel mnrtkelluel akwkm ike ijtueau`.
=.
Wnhkmnhke ike Wneio`ubnetksjke. Bnhkbpjr`ke hkmnh ykel snsukj, snmklkj jedorbksj `npkik tneklk `nsncktke ike tneklk tn`ejs mkcwk pnrkel`kt jej pnrkhktke bnijs ikhkb `oeijsj mkru ktku mkru skak ijtnrjbk ike pneynsukjke ohnc pnelluek buel`je ijpnrhu`ke, bnbpnrjelkt`ke `npkik pnelluek mkcwk pnrkhktke bnijs tjik` mohnc ijluek`ke skbpkj kikeyk pnhktjcke pnhktj cke mklj pnelluek ike tneklk tn`ejs. Vkhjeke Vkhjek e bkeukh bke ukh pnelluekke pnrkhktke pnrkhkt ke bnijs mkru aulk k`ke ijmnrj`ke `npkik pnelluek pnelluek ike tneklk tn`ejs. Vnhkje jtu, snbuk fktktke bnelnekj pnenrjbkkb pnrkhktke bnijs mkj` jtu kshj bkupue skhjeke ckrus ijio`ubnetksj`ke snfkrk tnrpuskt. Ckrus kik jedorbksj sjkpk ykel ckrus ijcumuelj kpkmjhk tnrakij `nrusk`ke ktku jesjine.
6.
Wnrnefkekke pnbnhjckrkke Wrnvnetjd. Vnbuk pnelluek ike tneklk tn`ejs ijmnrjtkcu tnetkel prosniur pnbnhjckrkke ykel tnpkt, tnrbksu` wk`tu ckrus ijhk`u`ke pneluajke, `khjmrksj ike pnrkwktke pnrkhktke bnijs.
9. Fkrk Wnekelkeke pnrkhktke bnijs.
Jedorbksj uetu` pnelluek ike tneklk tn`ejs uetu` pnekelkeke ike pneyjbpkeke pnrkhktke pnrkhkt ke bnijs, bnbkstj `ke snbuk k`snsorj k`snsor j hnel`kp ike tnrsnij tnrsnijkk ike mjbmjelke t netkelpnetjeleyk tnetkel mklkjbkek mklkj bkekbnbkstj`ke mktnrkj mktn rkj jetnre jet nrekh kh ckrus ijjsj i jjsj uhkel. uhk el.
=<
=3
MKM JT WNELOWN]KVJKE
Ikhkb `neyktkke snckrj-ckrj snrjel ij`nhucke mkcwk khkt rusk` ktku tjik` ikpkt ijluek`ke snmklkjbkek bnstjeyk, ekbue sntnhkc ijhk`u`ke pnbnrj`skke tnreyktk `nrusk`ke ktku `nhucke mu`ke ijsnmkm`ke `krnek `nrusk`ke duelsj khkt tntkpj kikeyk snttjel ykel tjik` snsukj ktku `nskhkcke opnrksjoekh. ^etu` bnelketjsjpksj ckh tnrsnmut, bk`k pnbkckbke fkrk pnelopnrksjke pnrkhktke bnijs ckrus mnekr-mnekr ij pkckbj ike pnhkakrj, sncjellk khkt ikpkt ijluek`ke snfkrk mnekr ike bnelurkelj `nhucke `nrusk`ke khkt. @nskhkcke ikhkb pnelopnrksjke suktu pnrkhktke bnijs ikpkt bnelk`jmkt`ke `nrusk`ke pnrkhktke, cksjh pnbnrj`skke tjik` snpnrtj ykel ijckrkp`ke mkc`ke tnr`kikel ij`krnek`ke `nskhkcke pnelopnrksjke, ckrus ijhk`u`ke pnbnrj`skke uhkel ykel mnrk`jmkt kikeyk jendjsjnesj ike `ntjik`pukske pnhkellke. Klkr ckh-ckh ykel tjik` ijjelje`ke tnrsnmut tnrakij, bk`k kik mnmnrkpk prksykrktke ykel ckrus ijpneucj ikhkb pnelopnrksjke suktu pnrkhktke bnijs.
9.; WN]VZK]KYKE WNELOWN]KVJKE WN]KHKYKE BNIJV
Wnrkhktke bnijs ikpkt mnrduelsj inelke mkj` kpkmjhk ijopnrksj`ke inelke mnekr snsukj inelke prosniur, pnelopnrksjke pnrkhktke bnijs inelke mnekr ijckrkp`ke ikpkt bnbpnrpkeakel ubur pnrkhktke ike bnelurkelj tjel`kt `nrusk`ke pnrkhktke snrtk bnbpnr`nfjh mjkyk opnrksjoekh. Wrksykrkt pnelopnrsksjke pnrkhktke bnijs kikhkc `ntnetuke ykel ckrus ij pnrtjbmkel`ke ike bneakij pnrsykrktke klkr pnrkhktke bnijs ikpkt ijopnrksj`ke snfkrk kbke ike mnekr. Wnelopnrksjke pnrkhktke bnijs kikhkc hkel`kc-hkel`kc
=:
ykel ijhk`u`ke klkr pnrkhktke bnijs ikpkt ijduelsj`ke inelke mnekr snsukj inelke prosniur. Ikhkb bnelopnrksj`ke pnrkhktke bnijs kik mnmnrkpk `ntnetuke ykel ckrus ijpnrtjbmkel`ke ike bneakij pnrsykrktke klkr khkt ikpkt ijopnrksj`ke snfkrk kbke ike mnekr. Wnrsykrktke pnelopnrksjke bnefk`up snhuruc kspn` ykel mnrcumuelke inelke pnelopnrksjke pnrkhktke ykel tnrijrj ikrj 1
Vubmnr ikyk bkeusjk
@nhnel`kpke khkt/k`snsorj
Mkcke opnrksjoekh
Vkrkek pneiu`uel
Vubmnr ikyk ykel bnelopnrksj`ke pnrkhktke ckrus bnbjhj`j pnelntkcuke ike `ntrkbpjhke ykel fu`up uetu` bnelopnrksj`ke pnrkhktke bnijs. ^^ Eo.99 Ykcue =77: tnetkel ]ubkc Vk`jt pkik pkskh ;; kykt 9 bnelktk`ke Wnelopnrksjke ike pnbnhjckrkke prkskrkek ]ubkc Vk`jt snmklkjbkek ijbk`sui pkik kykt (;) ckrus ijhk`u`ke ohnc pntulks ykel bnbpueykj `obpntnesj ij mjikeleyk. Ckh jej ij tnlks`ke `nbmkhj pkik pkskh ;4 kykt >. ^etu` bnefkpkj ckh tnrsnmut ikpkt ijhk`u`ke inelke mnmnrkpk fkrk, ketkrk hkje1
Bnelj`utj pnhktjcke pnelopnrksjke pnrkhktke bnijs pkik skkt pnelkikke (ijhk`u`ke ohnc ijstrjmutor/klne).
Bnelj`utj pnhktjcke pnelopnrksjke pnrkhktke bnijs ykel ijhk`skek`ke ohnc jestkesj hkje ike pnhktjcke ykel ijhk`u`ke snfkrk jetnrekh rubkc sk`jt ykel mnrskel`utke.
Bnbpnhkakrj opnrksjoekh bkeukh ike stkeikr prosniur pnelopnrksjke pnrkhktke bnijs.
Vntjkp khkt ijhnel`kpj inelke protkp (Vtkeikri (Vtkeikri Opnrktjoe profniur /VOW )),, Wnelopnrksjke khkt ckrus snsukj protkp. Vnhkje protkp pnelopnrksjke khkt, ckrus ijhnel`kpj puhk inelke protkp pnhkykeke ykel ykel ijbnelnrtj ike ijpkckbj ohnc
67
snhuruc pntulks ykel tnrhjmkt inelke `nljktke ij uejt pnhkykeke tnrsnmut. Foetoc prosniur tntkp pnelopnrksjke tnrikpkt pkik hkbpjrke K.4. ^ejt pnhkykeke ykel bnelnhohk khkt ckrus bneyjkp`ke mkcke opnrksjoekh mklj sntjkp khkt. Vncjellk pnelopnrksjke khkt ikpkt ijhk`skek`ke snfkrk mnr`nsjekbmuelke. Vkrkek pneiu`uel ikhkb rkel`k pnelopnrksjke suktu khkt snpnrtj bjskheyk1 lks bnijs, fktu ikyk hjstrj` ihh, ckrus tnrsnijk ike bnbneucj pnrsykrktke ykel ijtntkp`ke ohnc pkmrj`ke , bkupue pnrkturke ykel mnrhk`u. Ikhkb pnelopnrksjke pnrkhktke snbuk prosniur-prosniur ykel mnrcumuelke inelke pnelopnrksjke ckrus bneakij pnrcktjke. Hkel`kc-hkel`kc Hkel`kc-hkel`kc prosniur ckrus ijj`utj snfkrk mnrurutke buhkj ikrj kwkh pnelopnrksjke, pnelopnrksjke, pkik skkt buhkj tnrpkskel `n pksjne skbpkj khkt ijhnpks ikrj pksjne ike khkt ij`nbmkhj`ke ijtnbpkt snbuhk. Wnelopnrksjke Wnrkhktke bnijs ijhk`u`ke inelke hkel`kc-hkel`kc snmklkj mnrj`ut 1
9.= WN]VJKWKE WNELOWN]KVJKE WN]KHKYKE BNIJV
@nljktke pnrsjkpke pnelopnrksjke pnrkhktke bnijs bnhjputj `nljktke1
Wnbnrj`skke `nhnel`kpke pnrkhktke.
Wnbnrj`skke dksjhjtks pneueakel.
Wneyjkpke mkcke opnrksjoekh. @nljktke pnrsjkpke ijhk`u`ke snsukj inelke `nmutucke bksjel-bksjel pnrkhktke
ike `oeijsj pnrkhktke, inelke tuauke bnhk`u`ke pnelnfn`ke `nhnel`kpke opnrksjoekh ike duelsj snrtk uetu` bnbkstj`ke mkcwk pkik skkt jtu pnrkhktke bnijs sjkp ike hkj` uetu` ijopnrksj`ke. Vnikel`ke uetu` `nljktke pnbkekske pnrkhktke bnijs bnhjputj1
Bnelcumuel`ke khkt `n fktu ikyk, bnbnrj`sk `oeijsj mktnrkj
Bnelcjiup`ke khkt
Bnbnrj`sk pnrkhktke ike tobmoh-tobmoh
Bnelktur posjsj pnelopnrksjke
6;
9.6 WNHK@VKEKKE WNELOWN]KVJKE WN]KHKYKE BNIJV
Ikhkb pnelopnrksjke pnrkhktke bnijs, snbuk prosniur-prosniur ykel mnrcumuelke inelke pnelopnrksjke ckrus bneakij pnrcktjke. Hkel`kc-hkel`kc prosniur ckrus ijj`utj snfkrk mnrurutke buhkj ikrj kwkh pnelopnrksjke, pkik skkt buhkj tnrpkskel `n pksjne skbpkj khkt ijhnpks ikrj pksjne ike khkt ij`nbmkhj`ke ij tnbpkt snbuhk. Ikhkb pnhk`skekke pnelopnrksjke pnrkhktke bnijs, pnrcktj`ke 1
Wrotkp pnhkykeke ykel mnrhk`u.
Cumuelke ketkrk pnrkhktke bnijs ike pksjne.
Wnelopnrksjke khkt pkik skkt ijhk`u`ke tjeik`ke.
Wnelkwkske tnrckikp duelsj ike suphjnr
9.9 WNELNBKVKE /WNEZJBWKEKE
Vntnhkc pnrkhktke bnijs snhnskj ijluek`ke, ijhk`u`ke `nljktke pnelnbkske/pnrkpjke, ijbkek `nljktke jej skelkt mnrpnelkruc tnrckikp usjk pnrkhktke bnijs, `nljktke pnelnbkske/pnrkpjke bnhjputj1
Bnbktj`ke pnrkhktke bnijs snsukj prosniur.
Bnhnpks`ke cumuelke pnrkhktke bnijs ikrj fktu ikyk.
Bnbmnrsjc`ke pnrkhktke bnijs bkupue k`snsorjns ykel ckmjs ijpk`kj.
Bnhntk`ke pnrkhktke bnijs ij tnbpkteyk.
Bnefktkt mnmke `nrak pnrkhktke bnijs.
Wkik ^eikel-ueikel Eobor 99 tkcue =77: Wkskh ;; kykt > ij`ktk`ke ketkrk hkje pnelopnrksjke ike pnbnhjckrkke prkskrkek ]ubkc Vk`jt ckrus ijio`ubnetksj ike ijnvkhuksj snfkrk mnr`khk ike mnr`nsjekbmuelke. Ckh jej pue snakhke inelke stkeikr ijpnrsykrkt`ke ikhkb k`rnijtksj ]ubkc Vk`jt.
6=
9.> IN@OEYKBJEKVJ
Bj`roorlkejsbk mkeyk` tnrikpkt ij hjel`uelke, tnrbksu` ij pnhkykeke `nsncktke. Ckeyk snij`jt ykel mnrsjdkt pktcolne, ijbkek pktcolne tnrsnmut ikpkt bnbpnelkrucj `nsncktke pkik tumuc ykel bj`roorlkejsbk bnejel`kt ikhkb `oeijsj hnbmkm, bns`jpue kik mnrtkcke pkik `oeijsj `nrjel.
sn`jtkr dksjhjtks bj`roorlkejsbk rnetke. Wopuhksj aulk ykel mjsk
Wksjne ike tneklk `nsncktke mnrnsj`o bneikpkt`ke jedn`sj aj`k tjik` bnhk`skek`ke tjeik`ke pnefnlkcke jedn`sj. Jedn`sj eoso`objkh ikpkt ijfnlkc/ijbjejbkh`ke inelke mnmnrkpk strktnlj pnefnlkcke jedn`sj ykel tnrtukel ikhkb Wrolrkb pnelneikhjke Jedn`sj eoso`objkh ike ij`nhohk ohnc Yjb Wnelneikhj Jedn`sj. Vkhkc sktu strktnlj pnefnlkcke jedn`sj kikhkc in`oetkbjeksj. Vnbuk pnrkhktke bnijs ykel ijluek`ke mkj` ij rubkc sk`jt ikpkt tnr`oetkbjeksj snfkrk mjoholj, `jbjk ktku mkcke rkijok`tjd ykel ikpkt bnejbmuh`ke rnsj`o mklj pntulks ike pksjne. Vnbuk pnrkhktke bnijs ikpkt ykel k`ke ijluek`ke `nbmkhj, ijpnhjckrk, ijpnrmkj`j, ktku ijbusekc`ke ckrus bneakhkej in`oetkbjeksj. Ckh jej ijpnrhu`ke uetu` bnbkstj`ke mkcwk bnrn`k mnrkik ikhkb `oeijsj ykel bnbmukt bnrn`k kbke uetu` ijtkelkej ohnc snbuk pnrsoenh ykel buel`je iktkel `n ikhkb `oetk` inelke bnrn`k snhkbk trkesjt ike pnekelkeke mnrj`uteyk. Yjel`kt in`oetkbjeksj tnrlketuel pkik anejs pnrkhktke bnijs ike prosniur tnrtnetu. Yjel`kt in`oetkbjeksj kikhkc1
;) Wnbmnrsjcke. =) Wnbmnrsjcke ijj`utj inelke insjedn`sj. 6) Wnbmnrsjcke ijj`utj inelke stnrjhjsksj.
Wjhjcke bntoin in`oetkbjeksj in`oetkbjeksj
Bntoin in`oetkbjeksj ykel pkhjel tnpkt tnrlketuel pkik mkeyk` dk`tor tnrbksu`1
;) Jestru`sj ikrj proiusne, jestru`sj tnrsnmut ijpnrohnc pkik skkt kffnptkefn tnst. =) Vjdkt ikrj `oetkbjeke. 6) Wnelluekke bk`sjbkh ikrj bksjel-bksjel pnrkhktke.
66
9) Yohnrkesj pkeks, tn`keke, `nhnbmkmke ktku `jbjk bksjel-bksjel pnrkhktke. >) Wnelkikke pnrkhktke pnelohkcke. 4) ]jsj`o ykel tnr`kjt inelke prosns in`oetkbjeksj. .; JEVWN@VJ IKE WNBNHJCK]KKE W]NTNEYJD (JWB)
Wnelluekke prosniur ykel mnekr ike tnpkt uetu` pnbnhjckrkke pnrkhktke k`ke ikpkt bnejel`kt`ke bnejel`kt`ke `jenrak pnrkhktke ykel ckeikh ike mnekr mnrduelsj mkj`. Wrosniur ykel ijluek`ke ikhkb bnhk`u`ke `nljktke JWB ckrus ijhk`u`ke snmnhub pnhk`skekke jespn`sj ktku pn`nrakke pnbnhjckrkke bnhkhuj `kaj `kajke ke ykel fnrbkt ikrj sntjkp anejs pnrkhktke (ktku boinh). @nmkeyk`ke prosniur JWB ykel ijhnel`kpj ohnc tneklk tn`ej` ikrj mkljke Nhn`trobnij`/JWV]V. Ikhkb mnmnrkpk `ksus, mklkjbkekpue, tulks-tulks ykel rutje ike buikc uetu` ijhk`skek`ke, ijsnhnskj`ke ohnc pnelluek. Ckh jej bnelcnbkt wk`tu uetu` pnrsoejh tn`ejs ikhkb bnhk`u`ke tulks-tulks tn`ejs ykel hnmjc `obphn`s ike `rjtjs `rjt js ike aulk bnbmukt pnelluek pnelluek bnbpueykj pnrkskke bnbjhj`j. Anejs jespn`sj ykel buel`je ijhk`u`ke pnelluek kikhkc bnhk`u`ke pnbnrj`skke snmnhub ijluek`ke ktku pnbnrj`skke ckrjke. Foetoc aj`k bnbuel`je`ke kikhkc `khjmrksj ckrjke boejtor lhu`osk ikrkc, pneluajke ckrjke indjmrjhhktor ktku bnbnrj`sk `khjmrksj pnrkhktke hkmorktorjub. Jej kikhkc tkelluel akwkm mkljke Nhn`trobnij`/JWV]V. uetu` bnhktjc pnelluek ikhkb bnhk`u`ke tulks jej.
64
Hkbpjrke K.4 bnbmnrj`ke foetoc jespn`sj pnbnhjckrkke prnvnetjd. @ntj`k pkik skkt `nljktke JWB tnrikpkt bkskhkc pkik pnrkhktke, pnrmkj`ke pnrkhktke tnrsnmut ikpkt ijakiwkh`ke uetu` ijhk`u`ke pnrmkj`ke tkepk bnellkellu `nljktke JWB ykel ijhk`u`ke, ktku pnrmkj`ke tnrsnmut ikpkt ijsnhnskj`ke snmklkj ikrj mkljke prosns JWB. Aj`k `nljktke JWB ktku pnrmkj`ke tnr`kjt tjik` ikpkt ijsnhnskj`ke ikhkb pnrjoik ykel tnhkc ijtnetu`ke snmnhubeyk, pnrbjetkke surkt pnrjetkc pnrmkj`ke/pnbnhjckrkke (wor` orinr ) ckrus tntkp kik, ike pntulks pnbnhjckrk ckrus bnbnrj`sk ktku bnbpnrmkj`j pnrkhktke snfnpkt buel`je. Wnrkhktke bnijs ykel bnbjhj`j prjorjtks ykel hnmjc tjellj ykel snmnhubeyk tjik` ijhk`u`ke `nljktke JWB pkik pnrjoin snmnhubeyk, ckrus ijhk`u`ke tnrhnmjc ikcuhu. ]netkel wk`tu jespn`sj ike pnbnhjckrkke pnrkhktke `nsncktke ijikskr`ke pkik `rjtnrjk ykel ijrn`obneiksj`ke pkmrj`ke snpnrtj tjel`kt rjsj`o ike pnelkhkbke ikrj rubkc sk`jt. Vnbuk pnrkhktke tnrbksu` ikhkb prolrkb jej ijpnrj`sk ike ijuaj snmnhub pnelluekke kwkh ike pkik jetnrvkh ykel ijtntkp`ke, mjkskeyk ijsnmut snmklkj pnrkwktke pnefnlkcke (WB). Akiwkh pnbnhjckrkke pnrkhktke `nsncktke ykel sjstnbktjs bneakbje pnrkhktke tnrsnmut kbke ijluek`ke ike bnbpnrohnc pnbkedkktke bk`sjbkh inelke mjkyk ykel wkakr. @nuetuelke hkje kikhkc bnbjejbkh`ke rjsj`o `hjejs ike djsj`.
Vntjkp pnrkhktke `nsncktke bnbpueykj `hksjdj`ksj rjsj`o mnrikskr`ke1 pnrkh ktke uetu` Duelsj pnrkhktke `nsncktke 1 pnelcketkr nenrlj, pnbketku pksjne, ktku pnrkhktke `neykbkeke pksjne.
]jsj`o djsj`
Wrnvnetjd pnbnhjckrkke
]jwkykt jesjine Bksjel-bksjel pnrkhktke `nsncktke bnbpueykj momot pkik `ktnlorj duelsj, rjsj`o djsj` ike `nmutucke pnbnhjckrkke.
6<
Ykmnh >.;. @nhobpo` mnrikskr`ke Duelsj Wnrkhktke @nsncktke (D^ELVJ). Duelsj pnrkhktke `nsncktke bnbpueykj ejhkj ; - ;7. @KYNLO]J
EJHK EJHKJJ
ANEJV
INDJEJVJ
FOEYOC
Wnrkhktke uetu` pneynbmucke pneynb mucke
;7
Wneueakel @ncjiupke0 Ynrkpj inelke rkijksj.
Wnrkhktke ykel ijluek`ke bneueakel `ncjiupke0 pnrkhktke pnrkhk tke ue uetu` tu` tnrk tnrkpj pj inelke rkijksj.
Indjmrjhhktor, vnetjhktor, pkfnbk`nr, pkfnbk` nr, jedket jefumktor
:
Wnrkhktke mnikc ike Wnrkwktke Jetnesjd.
3
Ynrkpj djsj` ike pnelomktke pnelomktke
Wnrkhktke uetu` pneynbmucke tntkpj mu`ke snmklkj pneueakel pneueake l `ncjiu `ncjiupke pke Wnrkhktke ykel ijluek`ke uetu` bnelomktj pksjne
Nhnftrosurljfkh uejt, hksnr Ijkhysjs bkfcjen, jedusjoe pubp, trkftjoe trkftjoe uejt, ijktcnrby
<
Boejtorjel `nljktke mnikc mnik c ike pnrk pnrkwktk wktke e jetnesjd0 systnb rkijoholj
Bnboejtor `nljktke mnikc ike pnrkwktke jetnesjd0 Vjstnb rkijoholj.
NNL bkfcjen, eoe-jevksjvn mhooi prnssurn boejtor, boejtor, x-rky lnenrktor
4
Boejtorjel `oeijsj djsj` ike uejt uhtrksoeolrkdj uetu` ijkleostj`.
Wnrkhktke ykel tjik` rutje ijluek`ke ij pnrkwktke jetnesjd.
kiuht sfkhn, tybpkejf tcnrbobntnr, uhtrksouei uejt
>
Kekhjsk ij hkmorktorjub
Wnrkhktke ykel ijluek`ke ij hkmorktorjub `hjej` uetu` bneijkleosk spnsjbne.
mhooi lks kekhyzn kekhyznr, r, fhjejfkh fcnbjstry kekhyznr, fnhh fouetnr
9
K`snsorj khkt Hkmorktorjub.
Wnrkhktke ykel ijluek`ke uetu` bnbpnrsjkp`ke kekhjsk spnfjbne.
sck`nr, fnetrjduln, jefumktor, bjfrotobn
6
@obputnr kei rnhktni
Wnrkhktke ykel ijluek`ke uetu` bneyjbpke, bnefntk`, bnelkbmjh ktku bneijstrjmusj`ke iktk.
fobputnr, tjf`nt prjetnr, [F systnb
=
Zkel mnrcumuelke inelke pksjne.
Wnrkhktke ykel mnrcumuelke inelke pnrkwktke, tkpj tjik` snfkrk hkelsuel.
S-rky vjnw mox, stnrjhjznr, fckjr hjdt
;
Yjik` mnrcumuelke Wnrkhktke ykel tjik` inelke pksjne0 pnrkhktke mnrcumuelke mnrcumuelke inel inelke ke pksjne, pneluajke pnrkhktke i ikpur, kpur, ^WV.
Wnrkhktke ijkleostj`
Wnrkhktke Kekhjtjs
Hkje-hkje
NFL sjbuhktor, oddjfn nqujpbnet,
63
Ykmnh >.=. @nhobpo` mnrikskr`ke ]jsj`o Djsj` ike Wnelluekke @hjejs (]JVJ@O).
]jsj`o pnrkhktke `nsncktke bnbpueykj ejhkj ; - > @KYNLO]J
EJHK EJHKJJ
ANEJV
INDJEJVJ
Bneynmkm`ke `nbktjke pksjne >
@nlklkhke pnrkhktke `nsncktke ikpkt bneynmkm`ke `nbktjke pksjne.
Indjmrjhhktor, vnetjhktor, kenstcnsjk
Bneynmkm`ke pksjne ktku opnrktor pnrkhktke hu`k
9
@nlklkhke pnrkhktke `nsncktke tjik` bneynmkm`ke `nbktjke tntkpj hu`k.
Cypo/cypnrtcnrbjk uejt, hksnr, nhnftrosurljfkh nhnftrosurl jfkh uejt
Bneynmkm`ke Ynrkpj ykel tjik` tnpkt ike `nskhkcke ijkleosn
6
@nlklkhke pnrkhktke `nsncktke bneynmkm`ke `nskhkcke ijkleosn ktku pnekelke pnekelk e ykel tji tjik` k` tnpkt.
NFL bkfcjen, mhooi lks kekhyznr, fnetrjduln
Bneynmkm`ke ]jsj`o bjejbkh
=
@nlklkhke pnrkhktke ykel bneynmkm`ke pnekelkeke pnekelk eke muru` `npkik pk pksjne sjne ike bnbpnelkrucj `nkbkeke pksjne ike opnrktor.
Lnh wkrbnr, cnkt snkhnr, suftjoe pubp
Yjik` bneynmkm`ke rjsj`o ykel sjlejdj`ke
;
@nlklkhke ykel tjik` bneynmkm`ke pnekelkeke pkik pksjne ike tjik` bnbpnelkrucj `nkbkeke pksjne ike opnrktor.
Nxkb hjlct, fobputnr tnrbjekh, vjino prjetnr
6:
Ykmnh >.6. @nhobpo` mnrikskr`ke Wnrsykrktke Wnbnhjckrkke (WNBNHJCK]KKE).
Wnrsykrktke pnbnhjckrkke `nsncktke bnbpueykj ejhkj ; - > @KYNLO]J
EJHK EJHKJJ
ANEJV
INDJEJVJ
Wnbnhjckrkke pnrhu pnrcktjke
>
Wnrkel`kt ykel snmkljke mnskr mnrupk bn`kejs,
Ijkhysjs bkfcjen, vnetjhktor,
penubktj`, penubk tj`, ktku dhujik.
kenstcnsjk bkfcjen, x-rky tkmhn
`cusus Wnbnhjckrkke ij ktks rktk-rktk
9
Wnrkhktke `nsncktke Invjfns tckt ckvn bnfckejfkh, penubktjf,, or dhujijf fo penubktjf fobpoenets bpoenets,, mut krn prjbkrjhy nhnftroejf nhnftroejf je ek ekturn turn
Jedket jefumktor, mhooi wkrbnr, hksnr, portkmhn x-rky systnb
Wnbnhjckrkke rktk- rktk
6
Wnrkhktke `nsncktke ykel bnbmutuc`ke vnrjdj`ksj `jenrak ike pneluajke `nkbkeke, ykel ijiu`uel rkel`kjke `nhjstrj`ke.
Indjmrjhhktor, jedusjoe pubp, nhnftrosurljfkh uejt, trkftjoe uejt
Wnbnhjckrkke ij mkwkc mkwk c rktk rktk-rktk -rktk
=
Wnrkhktke `nsncktke ykel bnbmutuc`ke snij`jt pneluajke `jenrak. `jenrak.
Hkm bjfrosfopn, sfkhns, lnenrkh bnijfkh invjfn
Wnbnhjckrkke bjejbkh
;
Wnrkhktke `nsncktke ykel ckeyk bnbmutuc`ke jespn`sj snfkrk vjsukh/pnelkbktke.
Nxkb hjlct, fobputnr tnrbjekh, vjino fkbnrk
Ykmnh >.9. @nhobpo` mnrikskr`ke ]jwkykt Jesjine Wnrkhktke @nsncktke (JEVJINE) Wnrsykrktke ]jwkykt Jesjine Wnrkhktke @nsncktke bnbpueykj ejhkj += s.i -=
@KYNLO]J
EJHKJ
INDJEJVJ
Vjlejdj`ke
+=
Hnmjc ikrj ; `khj jesjine sntjkp 4 muhke
Ij ktks rktk-rktk rktk- rktk
+;
; `khj jesjine sntjkp 4 ‖ : muhke
]ktk-rktk
7
; `khj jesjine sntjkp : ‖ ;3 ;3 muhke
Bjejbkh
-;
; `khj jesjin jesjine e sntj sntjkp kp ;3 ‖ 67 67 muhke
Yjik` mnrbk`ek/sjlej mnrbk`e k/sjlejdj`ke dj`ke
-=
@urkel ikrj ; `khj jesjine pkik `urue `urue wk`tu wk`tu 67 67 muhke
Ikrj 9 `nhobpo` ij ktks ijtnetu`ke/ijcjtuel pnbnhjckrkke prnvnetjd ykel ijikskr`ke pkik NB (Nqujpbnet Bkeklnbnet)1 Bkeklnbnet)1 NB 2 D^ELVJ + ]JVJ@O + WNBNHJCK]KKE + JEVJINE
Drn`unesj Jespn`sj1 K 2 Keeukh
(Ijhk`u`ke ; tkcue sn`khj)
V 2 Vnbj-keeukh
(Ijhk`u`ke 4 muhke sn`khj)
Y 2 Ycrnn-ynkrhy
(Ijhk`u`ke 9 muhke sn`khj)
Ejhkj NB 8 ;= ijjespn`sj ijjesp n`sj snsukj `npnrhuke `npnrh uke Ejhkj NB ;= -;9 ijakiwkh`ke ijjespn`sj sntjik`eyk sntjkp sntkcue sn`khj. Ejhkj NB ;> ’ ;> ’ ;: ;: ijakiwkh`ke ijjespn`sj sntjik`eyk sntjkp nekb muhke sn`khj. Ejhkj NB ~ =7 ijakiwkh`ke ijjespn`sj sntjik`eyk sntjik`eyk sntjkp nbpkt muhke sn`khj.
97
Ykmnh >.>. Foetoc Wnrcjtuelke Nqujpbnet Bkeklnbnet (NB)
EO
EKBK KHKY
D^E D^ELVJ LVJ
]NVJ@O @HJEJV
WNBNHJ CK]KKE
]J\KZKY JEVJINE
NB
D]N@^NEVJ JEVWN@VJ
;
Keknstcnsjk Keknst cnsjk bkfcjen bkfcje n
;7
>
>
7
=7
Y
=
Keknstcnsjk vkporjznr (nedhurken/ntcrken)
:
>
6
-=
;>
V
6
Krtcrosfopjf surljfkh uejt
:
9
=
-=
;6
K
9
Mrnkst pubp
6
9
6
-=
3
-
>
Kspjrktor, Kspjrk tor, bomjhn
3
>
9
-;
;4
V
4
Mhooi wkrbnr wkrbn r
:
9
6
-;
;>
V
<
Moen skw
:
9
=
-=
;6
K
3
Mhooi prnssurn boiuhn
<
6
=
7
;=
K
:
Fkbnrk, vjino, bnijfkh 4
6
6
7
;=
K
;7
Fkst futtnr
=
9
6
-=
<
-
;;
Fkst futtnr futtn r vkfuub
=
=
6
-=
>
-
;=
Fkrijkf output
<
6
=
7
;=
K
;6
Fobputnr, bjfro (pf)
6
6
;
-=
>
-
;9
Fryosurljfkh Fryosurlj fkh uejt
:
9
6
-;
;>
V
;>
Indjmrjhhktor/boejtor
:
>
9
7
;3
V
;4
Nhnftrofkrijolrkpc, 6fckeenh
4
6
>
=
;4
V
;< ;3 ;: =7 =; == =6
Neiosfopj f vjino Neiosfopjf Nhnftrosurljfkh uejt Dntkh boejtor Cubjijdjnr, cnktni Cypo/cypnrtcnrbjk Cypo/cypnr tcnrbjk Hjlct, surljfkh portkmhn Hjlct sourfn, djmrn optjf
4 : < 3 : =
6 9 6 6 9 9
6 6 6 6 > 6
7 7 7 ; 7 -;
;= ;4 ;6 ;> ;3 3
K K K V V -
<
6
6
-=
;;
-
=9
Bjfrosfopn, opctckhbjf 4
6
6
-=
;7
-
shjt hkbp
9;
Ikhkb `nkikke tnrtnetu bkekanbne rubkc sk`jt ikpkt bnbmnetu` tjb jespn`sj jetnrvkh uetu` anejs pnrkhktke `nsncktke tnrtnetu, tnrhnpks ikrj pnrcjtuelke Nqujpbnet Bkeklnbnet.
>.= WNBNHJCK]KKE @O]N@YJD
>.=.;. Wnrmkj`ke ike troumhnscootjel
Wnrmkj`ke pnrkhktke tnrakij `ntj`k pnelluek pnrkhktke tnhkc bnhkpor`ke bkskhkc tnetkel pnrkhktke tnrsnmut. Vnpnrtj ijsnmut`ke snmnhubeyk, ckh tnrsnmut aulk ikpkt tnrakij `ntj`k snorkel tn`ejsj ij mkljke JWV]V/Nhn`trobnij` bnenbu`ke mkcwk pnrkhktke tjik` bnbmnrj`ke `jenrak snpnrtj ykel ijckrkp`ke snhkbk JWB. ^etu` bnelnbmkhj`ke pnrkhktke `n hkykeke snfnpkt buel`je, tjeik`ke ykel ndn`tjd ijpnrhu`ke uetu` bnbvnrjdj`ksj `nlklkhke ike bnenetu`ke pneynmkmeyk. Ikhkb mnmnrkpk `ksus tn`ejsj k`ke bnenbu`ke mkcwk pnrkhktke jtu sneijrj tnhkc lklkh ike ckrus ijpnrmkj`j. Yn`ejsj jtu `nbuijke bnenetu`ke hkel`kc kpk ykel ijpnrhu`ke uetu` bnbpnrmkj`j bkskhkc ike bnelnbmkhj`ke duelsj pnrkhktke snfkrk pneuc. Wkrk tn`ejsj buhkj bnhk`u`ke pnbnhjckrkke `orn`tjd, bnhk`u`ke mnmnrkpk hkel`kc sneijrj ike mjhk ijpnrhu`ke bnbkedkkt`ke tneklk kchj ikrj ikhkb dksjhjtks /je-cousn / je-cousn nxpnrtjsn ktku pneynijk hkykeke n`stnrekh. Wnbnhjckrkke `orn`tjd jej ikpkt ijfkpkj pkik mnrmklkj tjel`ktke31
k. Yjel`kt `obpoene, troumhnscootjel tjel`kt `obpoene ike pnrmkj`ke bneljsohksj `nlklkhke skbpkj `n `obpoene tuellkh ykel ijlketj. Ikhkb pnrkhktke nhn`trj` , pnrkhktke bn`kej`, ike uetu` `obpoene pksjd ikrj pnrkhktke nhn`troej` (snpnrtj rnsjstor ktku `kpksjtor ikhkb suktu rkel`kjke nhn`troej`, ktku sn`nrjel) jej snrjel pnein`ktke pnrmkj`ke ykel pkhjel ndn`tjd. Ikhkb `kjtkeeyk inelke pnrkhktke nhn`troej`, mklkjbkekpue, `obpoenetjel`kt pnrmkj`ke ikpkt bnbk`ke wk`tu ike suhjt. Boiuh (fjrfujt ( fjrfujt mokri ) nhn`troej` boinre (tnrutkbk boiuh ijljtkh) snrjel tjik` ijpnrmkj`j pkik tjel`kt `obpoene. Ikhkb `ksus-`ksus `ksus -`ksus pkpke-tjel`kt ktku mkc`ke sjstnb-tjel`kt pnrmkj`ke pnrhu ijpnrtjbmkel`ke. ijpnrtjbmkel`ke. mokrr i hnvnh), uetu` pnrkhktke nhn`troej`, kikhkc ubub uetu` m. Yjel`kt Boiuh (mok bneljsohksj `nlklkhke uetu` snmukc boiuh tnrtnetu ike uetu` bnellketj snhuruc boiuh ikrj pkik `obpoene nhn`troej` ykel ijmnrj`ke. f. Yjel`kt pnrkhktke ktku sjstnb. Ikhkb mnmnrkpk `ksus mkc`ke pkpketjel`kt pnbnfkcke bkskhkc ike pnrmkj`ke tnrhkhu suhjt ktku bnbk`ke wk`tu. Ikhkb `ksus snpnrtj jtu hnmjc ndn`tjd aj`k bnellketj snhuruc pnrkhktke ktku sum sjstnb tnrsnmut.
Vkelkt pnetjel uetu` bnbjhjc tjel`kt pnbnhjckrkke ykel snsukj uetu` sntjkp sjtuksj. Jej tnrlketuel pkik `ntnrsnijkke submnr ikyk `nukelke, djsj` ike bkeusjk snrtk pkik tjel`kt `npnetjelke pnrbjetkke pnrmkj`ke tnrtnetu. ^etu` `ksus inelke 3
\CO, Bnijfkh Nqujpbnet Wrolrkb bkjetnekefn Ovnrvjnw, =7;;
9=
prjorjtks ykel tjellj, bjskheyk, pnrmkj`ke tjel`kt pnrkhktke ktku sjstnb buel`je hnmjc ijpjhjc. Aj`k hnmjc mkeyk` wk`tu tnrsnijk, pnrmkj`ke tjel`kt boiuh ktku `obpoene buel`je hkyk` ijhk`u`ke. Aj`k pnrmkj`ke tjel`kt `obpoene ykel ijusuh`ke, buel`je ijpnrhu`ke pnellketjke mho`/mkljke. ^etu` pnein`ktke pnein`kt ke jej, kik mnmnrkpk pjhj pjhjcke cke ykel ikpkt ijkbmjh. Wnellketjke ikpkt ijhk`u`ke pkik mkljke `cusus ikrj proiusne, pkik mkljke inelke spnsjdj`ksj ykel skbk ktku hnmjc tjellj (sn`nrjel bjskheyk), ktku inelke bnelluek`ke su`u fkikel mn`ks ikrj pnrkhktke ykel eoe-duelsjoekh (ckeyk sntnhkc pnejhkjke rjsj`o bneynhuruc ike jaje ikrj @npkhk Nhn`trobnijs/JWV]V) ike pnrhu ijhk`u`ke pneluajke/`khjmrksj ikrj pjck` MWD@ ktku pjck` hkje ykel `obpntne. Ikhkb mnmnrkpk `ksus, tn`ejsj k`ke bnenbu`ke mkcwk pnrkhktke bnbmnrj`ke `jenrak snsukj inskje spnsjdj`ksj, snpnrtj ykel ijtnetu`ke ohnc pkmrj`ke. Ikhkb ckh inbj`jke, pnrhu uetu` mnr`obuej`ksj inelke pnelluek pnrkhktke ike bnbnrj`sk hjel`uelke `nrak uetu` bnenetu`ke bnelkpk pnrkhktke tjik` mnrduelsj snpnrtj ykel ijckrkp`ke. @ntj`k bneynhjij`j `nlklkhke ykel tjik` ikpkt ijanhks`ke, dk`tor hjel`uelke ckrus ijbksu``ke Vnmklkj foetoc, fktu pnrkhktke bnijs ykel bnbmutuc`ke `n ikykikhkb hjstrj` pnrtjbmkelke. ikpkt tnrpnelkruc ohnc bkskhkc ikyk. Jinkheyk, ikyk hjstrj` ckrus bnbjhj`j tnlkelke ykel stkmjh (ejhkj ykel snsukj)0 mnmks ikrj ijstorsj trkesjne, snpnrtj hoeak`ke tnlkelke, surln tnlkelke, surln ktku bktj, ike ikpkt ijkeikh`ke inelke ckeyk `nakijke cjhkeleyk ikyk ykel akrkel tnrakij. Yneklk tn`ejs ckrus mnr`ohkmorksj inelke bnrn`k ykel mnrtkelluel akwkm uetu` sjstnb ikyk hjstrj` ikhkb orlkejsksj pnhkykeke `nsncktke uetu` bnbmketu duelsj sjstnb snndn`tjd buel`je. Jej buel`je tnrbksu` pnbmnhjke rnluhktor tnlkelke, bneljestkhksj fktu ikyk hjstrj` ykel tk` tnrputus (^WV), bnelluek`ke pnhjeiuel hoeak`ke lnhobmkel hjstrj`, ike bnelcjeikrj submnr ikyk tkbmkcke ykel bnelkrkc `n `kmnh/tusu` `oetk` snfkrk snrj. Vnhkeauteyk, stkd nhn`trobnij` ckrus mn`nrak inelke stkd JWV]V hkjeyk uetu` bnbkstj`ke mkcwk lnenrktor fkikelke duelsjoekh mn`nrak mkj` ike mkcwk pnrkhjcke `n submnr ikyk tkbmkcke ijsntnh ij mkwkc ;7 intj`. Khtnrektjd hkje buel`je uetu` bnbjhjc ike bnbmnhj pnrkhktke ykel ijopnrksj`ke inelke mktnrkj.
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@ntj`k bnbpnrtjbmkel`ke uetu` bnbpnrohnc pnrkhktke mkru, aulk pnetjel uetu` stkd nhn`trobnij` uetu` bnbkstj`ke mkcwk sjstnb ikyk ik yk hjstrj` k`ke bkbpu bneiu`ueleyk.
Inbj`jke puhk, stkd nhn`trobnij` ckrus bneykikrj mklkjbkek pnrkhktke bnijs ykel mnrjetnrk`sj inelke sjstnb utjhjtks hkje (bjskheyk lks bnijs ike sjstnb vk`ub, `oetroh tnbpnrktur ike sjstnb vnetjhksj, pneynijkke kjr, tn`eoholj jedorbksj ike jedrkstru`tur `obuej`ksj, ihh). Ike sn`khj hklj bnrn`k ckrus mnr`ohkmorksj inelke orkel hkje ikhkb orlkejsksj uetu` bneloptjbkh`ke `nbkbpuke sjstnb utjhjtks uetu` bneiu`uel pnrkhktke bnijs. Kspn` ykel uej` ikrj hjel`uelke djsj`, snpnrtj sucu tjellj ike `nhnbmkpke, ikpkt mnrpnelkruc muru` pkik pnrkhktke bnijs ykel ijrkefkel uetu` ijluek`ke ij iknrkc mnrj`hjb snikel ktku hjel`uelke tnr`neikhj.
^sjk ike `oeijsj ikrj dksjhjtks hkykekewk`tu, `nsncktke aulk buel`je ikhkb `nlklkhke pnrkhktke bnijs. Vnjrjel sjstnb utjhjtks k`kebnbkje`ke bneurue`kepnrke ike buel`je bneakij `nhnmjcke mnmke ike / ktku `ntjellkhke akbke. Dksjhjtks ykel hnmjc tuk pkstj tnhkc ijmkelue mnrikskr`ke stkeikr ykel hnmjc tuk. Mkc`ke dksjhjtks mkrupue buel`je tjik` bnbneucj snbuk stkeikr ykel mnrhk`u, ohnc `krnek jtu, pnrhu ij`kaj `nsjkpke jedrkstru`tur utjhjtks uetu` bnbkstj`ke dksjhjtks tnrsnmut mnrduelsj snfkrk bnbkikj.
>.=.=. Jespn`sj ike pnelluekke pkik pnhkykeke
Vntnhkc snhnskj pnrmkj`ke, bnhk`u`ke pnbnrj`skke `jenrak ike `nsnhkbktke kikhkc pnetjel, ike ikhkb mnmnrkpk `ksus `khjmrksj uhkel buel`je ijpnrhu`ke. @nljktke jej k`ke bnelu`ur `jenrak pnrkhktke ike bnbuel`je`ke uetu` sntjkp pnelkturke ykel ijpnrhu`ke uetu` bnelnbmkhj`ke duelsj pnrkhktke snfkrk pneuc. Vntnhkc ckh jej ijsnhnskj`ke, pnrkhktke ikpkt ij`nbmkhj`ke uetu` ijluek`ke ikhkb hkykeke pksjne.
99
>.6
WNHKWO]KE
^etu` `nljktke JWB, tn`ejsj mjkskeyk bnbjhj`j ikdtkr rjefj uetu` ijj`utj luek bnrn`kb cksjh. Bnbjhj`j fcnf`hjst snpnrtj jtu aulk mnrduelsj snmklkj pneljelkt uetu` sntjkp hkel`kc ikhkb prosns JWB ike inelke inbj`jke bnbmketu bnelcjeikrj tnrhkbpkuj ktku ikhkb bnelckikp hkel`kc-hkel`kc tnrtnetu. Bnrn`kb pnelu`urke ike bneio`ubnetksj`ke cksjh k`cjr k`cjr (mkj` inelke pnreyktkke –hkj`/tjik` hkj`‚ ktku inelke s`orjel) bnbmketu ikhkb pnhk`skekke pn`nrakke pnbnhjckrkke ij bksk inpke, tnrbksu` pnrmkj`ke. ^etu` `nljktke pnrmkj`ke, tn`ejsj bnefktkt tjeik`ke kpk ykel tnhkc ijkbmjh, tnrbksu` wk`tu ike mjkyk uetu` tjeik`ke tnrsnmut.
>.9
WNEL^AJKE IKE @KHJM]KVJ
Wneluajke khkt `nsncktke kikhkc bnrupk`ke `nsnhurucke tjeik`ke bnhjputj pnbnrj`skke djsj` ike pnelu`urke uetu` bnenetu`ke `krk`tnrjstj` khkt `nsncktke, sncjellk ikpkt ijpkstj`ke `nsnsukjke khkt `nsncktke tnrckikp `nsnhkbktke `nrak ike spnsjdj`ksjeyk. @khjmrksj khkt `nsncktke mnrtuauke uetu` bneaklk `oeijsj khkt `nsncktke klkr tntkp snsukj inelke 9>upphjnr mnskrke pkik spnsjdj`ksjeyk. Inelke kikeyk `khjmrksj bk`k k`urksj, `ntnhjtjke ike `nkbkeke khkt `nsncktke ikpkt ijakbje snsukj mnskrke-mnskrke ykel tnrtnrk/ijkmkij`ke pkik khkt `nsncktke ykel mnrskel`utke:. Wneluajke ike `khjmrksj wkajm ijhk`u`ke tnrckikp khkt `nsncktke inelke `rjtnrjk 1
k. Mnhub bnbjhj`j snrtjdj`kt ike tkeik huhus pneluajke ktku `khjmrksj. `khj mrksj tnhkc ckmjs. m. Bksk mnrhk`u snrtjdj`kt ike tkeik huhus pneluajke ktku `khjmrksj f. Ij`ntkcuj pneueau``keeyk ktku `nhukrkeeyk ktku `jenrakeyk ktku `nkbkekeeyk tjik` snsukj hklj, wkhkupue snrtjdj`kt ike tkeik bksjc mnrhk`u.
i. Ynhkc bnelkhkbj pnrmkj`ke, wkhkupue snrtjdj`kt ike tkeik bksjc mnrhk`u.
:
Wnrbne`ns Eobor 646 Ykcue ;::3
9>
n. Ynhkc ijpjeikc`ke mklj ykel bnbnrhu`ke jestkhksj, wkhkupue snrtjdj`kt ike tkeik bksj mnrhk`u. d. Ktku aj`k tkeik hkj` pk`kj pkik khkt `nsncktke tnrsnmut cjhkel ktku rusk`, sncjellk tjik` ikpkt bnbmnrj`ke jedorbksj ykel snmnekreyk.
Wneluajke ike `khjmrksj mnrtuauke uetu` 1
Bnbkstj`ke `nsnsukjke `krk`tnrjstj` tnrckikp spnsjdj`ksj ikrj suktu mkcke u`ur ktku jestrubnet. Bnenetu`ke invjksj `nmnekrke `oevnesjoekh ejhkj pneueau`ke suktu mnskrke u`ur ktku invjksj ijbnesj eobjekh ykel snckruseyk uetu` suktu mkcke u`ur. Bneakbje cksjh-cksjh pnelu`urke snsukj inelke stkeikr Eksjoekh bkupue Jetnreksjoekh.
Vnikel`ke bkedkkt ykel ikpkt ijpnrohnc ikrj `nljktke pneluajke ike `khjmrksj kikhkc `oeijsj khkt u`ur ike mkcke u`ur tntkp tnraklk snsukj inelke spnsjdj`ksjeyk. Khkt `nsncktke ykel huhus `khjmrksj k`ke bneikpkt`ke Vnrtjdj`kt @khjmrksj snrtk tkeik Hkj` Wk`kj, inbj`jke aulk khkt `nsncktke ykel huhus uaj k`ke bneikpkt`ke Vnrtjdj`kt Wneluajke/@khjmrksj ike tkeik Hkj` Wk`kj. Khkt `nsncktke ykel tjik` huhus `khjmrksj ike/ktku uaj k`ke bneikpkt`ke Ykeik Yjik` Hkj` Wk`kj ike tjik` mohnc ijluek`ke ij pnhkykeke. Vnrtjdj`kt, Ykeik Hkj` Wk`kj ike Ykeik Yjik` Hkj` Wk`kj ij`nhukr`ke ohnc Mkhkj Wnelkbkeke Dksjhjtks @nsncktke, Ho`k Wnelkbkeke Dksjhjtks @nsncktke ike jestjtusj pneluajke dksjhjtks `nsncktke ykel mnrwnekel.
>.> WNHK@VKEK WNBNHJCK]KKE k. Wnbnhjckrkke je-cousn ohnc tn`ejsj ykel tnrhktjc Vnmkljke mnskr bkskhkc pkik pnrkhktke bnijs ykel rnhktjd sninrckek ike ikpkt ijpnrmkj`j ohnc tn`ejsj ykel tnrhktjc. Jespn`sj ike pnrmkj`ke rjelke bnbnrhu`ke mjkyk rneikc. Tneior ckrus bneynijk`ke pnhktjcke uetu` tn`ejsj pkik skkt jestkhksj ike pnenrjbkke pnenrjbk ke pnrkhktke pnrkhk tke bnijs. bnijs .
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Kik tjlk tjel`kt pnbnhjckrkke ykel ubub ijhk`u`ke 1
;. Hnvnh ;, Wnelluek (hjej pnrtkbk) Wnelluek ktku tn`ejsj k`ke bnbmnrsjc`ke djhtnr, pnrj`sk sn`nrjel, pnrj`sk ikyk ihh tkepk bnbmu`k uejt pnrkhktke bnijs ike tkepk bnbjeikc`ke ikrj tnbpkteyk. =. Hnvnh =, Yn`ejsj Ijkeaur`ke uetu` bnbkelljh tn`ejsj `ntj`k hjej pnrtkbk pnbnhjckrkke tjik` ikpkt bnelluek`ke khkt ktku `ntj`k fn` nekb muhkeke sn`khj. 6. Hnvnh 6, Yn`ejsj @cusus Wnrkhktke snpnrtj FY Vfkeenr, B]J ihh pnrhu tn`ejsj `cusus ykel ijhktjc uetu` pnrkhktke tnrsnmut. tnrs nmut. Bnrn`k ububeyk mn`nrak mn`nr ak ij pjck` `ntjlk ktku kt ku pnruskckke vneior.
m. Wnbnhjckrkke ohnc proiusne proiusne ktku pjck` `ntjlk ^etu` pnrkhktke `cusus ike fkelljc, vneior ckrus bneynijk`ke aksk pnbnhjckrkke bnhkhuj `obmjeksj aksk oe-fkhh ike `oetrk` pnbnhjckrkke ykel ijenlosjksj`ke pkik skkt pnbmnhjke.
>.4 MJKZK WNBNHJCK]KKE Wnrkhktke ikpkt tnrus ijluek`ke pkik tjel`kt `jenrak optjbkh aj`k snfkrk tnrktur ijhk`u`ke pnbnhjckrkke. Ohnc `krnek jtu pnrhu uetu` bnrnefkek`ke mjkyk tkcueke uetu` pnbnhjckrkke uetu` pnrkhktke bnijs mkj` prnvnetjd bkupue `orn`tjd. `orn`tjd.
Mjkyk ykel ijmutuc`ke uetu` bnhk`u`ke `nljktke pnbnhjckrkke suktu pnrkhktke bnijs k`ke bnejel`kt sntjkp tkcue, snsukj inelke pnejel`ktke usjk pk`kj ikrj pnrkhktke mnrskel`utke. Mkljke utkbk ut kbk ikhkb bnrnefkek`ke `nmutucke mjkyk pnbnhjckrkke kikhkc tnrsnijkeyk iktk ykel snsukj inelke `nmutucke. Yuauke ikrj pneyusueke kellkrke pnbnhjckrkke kikhkc uetu` bnbpnr`jrk`ke mjkyk ykel ijmutuc`ke uetu` bnbnhjckrk ike bnbpnrmkj`j pnrkhktke bnijs, sncjellk ikpkt bnbkstj`ke mkcwk pnrkhktke bnijs ikpkt mnrduelsj inelke mkj`. Vkelkthkc pnetjel ikhkb bnbmukt pnr`jrkke ykel snndn`tjd buel`je `krnek1
9<
(ueinr-nstjbktn)) k`ke bnelcksjh`ke pnbnhjckrkke Kellkrke ykel tnrhkhu rneikc (ueinr-nstjbktn ykel tjik` mnrakhke inelke mkj`
(ovnr-nstjbktn)) k`ke bneakij tjik` ndjsjne ike mjsk Kellkrke ykel tnrhkhu tjellj (ovnr-nstjbktn
bnellkelu pnhkykeke pnetjel hkjeeyk ykel bnbnrhu`ke kellkrke. Wnr`jrkke mjkyk pnbnhjckrkke snhkbk sntkcue kikhkc sn`jtkr >% skbpkj 4% ;7 ikrj ejhkj jevnstksj pnrkhktke bnijs. Mjkyk pnbnhjckrkke aulk ikpkt ijcjtuel inelke fkrk ykel hnmjc spnsjdj` mnrikskr`ke `nmutucke rutje tkcue snmnhubeyk snrtk stkeikr `nmutucke pnbnhjckrkke ikrj sntjkp pnrkhktke. Mnskrke mjkyk pnbnhjckrkke pnrkhktke bnijs bksjelbksjel rubkc sk`jt mjsk mnrmnik. Keeukhjzni Jevnstbnet Fost ktku mjkyk jevnstksj ijsntkcue`ke kikhkc suktu bntoin uetu` bnelcjtuel ‘pnelluekke‒ mjkyk jevnstksj pkik tkcue mnrakhke. Bntoin jej snpnrtj bnelcjtuel mjkyk inprnsjksj ktku pneyusutke pkik sjstnb sj stnb k`uetjel `nukelke. Keeuhjzni Jevnstbnet Fost bnelluek`ke prjesjp Ejhkj Vn`krkel ( Wrnsnet Tkhun 2 WT ) k`ke hnmjc rneikc ijmkeijel inelke Ejhkj Ijbksk Inpke ( Duturn Tkhun 2 DT ), ), `krnek kikeyk jedksj ejhkj ukel snrtk ijcjtuel inelke bnbpnrcktj`ke usjk pk`kj snrtk usjk tn`ejs suktu pnrkhktke `nsncktke.
Bk`sjbub Mjkyk Wnbnhjckrkke
Wnhk`skekke `nljktke pnbnhjckrkke pnrkhktke bnijs tnetu bnbmutuc`ke mjkyk, tnrutkbk pkik skkt ckrus bnhk`u`ke pnrmkj`ke ktks mkljke ykel rusk`. Wnrcjtuelke Mktks Bk`sjbub Mjkyk Wnbnhjckrkke (Bkxjbub Bkjetnekefn Nxpneijturn Hjbjt 2 BBNH) kikhkc suktu fkrk uetu` bnelcjtuel mjkyk ykel bksjc ikpkt ijtnrjbk uetu` bnbpnrmkj`j ktku bnbnhjckrk suktu pnrkhktke bnijs bnijs ij rubkc sk`jt.
;7 Fkrohjen Ynbphn-Mjri, Ynbphn-Mjri, Cow to Bkekln‚ Vnrjns dor Cnkhtcfkrn Ynfceoholy, Qj`ne Jetnrektjoekh Foesuhtkets Hti, Hnwns, ^@
93
BBNH bnbmutuc`ke mnmnrkpk iktk snmklkj ikskr pnrcjtuelke mktks bk`sjbub mjkyk pnbnhjckrkke, pnbnhjckrkk e, ykjtu usjk tn`ejs ike ckrlk ck rlk pnellketj ike BNH Dkftor. Wnrcjtuelke BBNH ijhk`u`ke snmklkj mnrj`ut. - Wkstj`ke ^sjk Wk`kj, ^sjk Yn`ejs ike Ckrlk Wnellketj khkt `nsncktke tnrsnmut. - ^sjk Wk`kj ijcjtuel snak` khkt `nsncktke tnrsnmut ijluek`ke skbpkj skkt pnrcjtuelke ijhk`u`ke ike Ckrlk Wnellketj kikhkc ckrlk khkt `nsncktke skkt pnrcjtuelke ijhk`u`ke inelke inelke spnsjdj`ksj sntkrk. - Ynetu`ke sjsk usjk bkedkkt khkt `nsncktke tnrsnmut. Vjsk ^sjk Bkedkkt 2 ^sjk Yn`ejs - ^sjk Wk`kj. - Cjtuel Wnrsnetksj Bkedkkt. Vjsk ^sjk Bkedkkt Wnrsnetksj Bkedkkt 2 ^sjk Yn`ejs - Ynetu`ke BNH Dk`tor, mnrj`ut kikhkc BNH Dk`tor ykel ijsusue ohnc Holjstj` Ynetkrk Kbnrj`k ike ij `utjp ohnc Kbnrjfke ohnc Kbnrjfke Cospjtkh Kssofjktjoe. Kssofjktjoe. Durejturnn ]ubkc Vk`jt Durejtur
1
37%
Wnrkhktke Wnrkhk tke Hjstrj` Hjstrj ` Ikskr
1
37%
Wnrkhktke Wnrkhk tke Bn`kej` Bn`kej ` Ikskr
1
37%
Wnrkhktke Wnrkhk tke Hjstrj`bn`kej Hjstrj `bn`kej` ` ikskr
1
37 37%
Wnrkhktke Wnrkhk tke @cusus
1
:7%
- Cjtuel inelke bnelluek`ke rubus 1 BBNH 2 (BNH Dk`tor) x (Wnrsnetksj ^sjk Bkedkkt) x (Ckrlk Wnellketj) Foetoc Wnrcjtuelke 1 Vnmukc khkt Indjmrjhhktor ykel buhkj ijluek`ke snak` tkcue =776 inelke ^sjk Yn`ejs kikhkc 3 tkcue ktku ;4.749 Akb, bnelkhkbj `nrusk`ke pkik tkcue =773 inelke usjk pk`kj kikhkc > tkcue ktku :.937 Akb. Cjtuelhkc mjkyk bk`sjbub pnrmkj`ke khkt Indjmrjhktor tnrsnmut, aj`k ckrlk pnellketj inelke spnsjdj`ksj ykel skbk kikhkc ]p. .>39 Akb.
9:
BBNH 2 (BNH Dk`tor) x (Wnrsnetksj ^sjk Bkedkkt) x (Ckrlk Wnellketj) BBNH 2 :7 % x 97,:: % x ]p. =
=. ^sjk tn`ejs Jevnetorj pkik prjesjpeyk kikhkc bneljevnetkrjsksj iktk pnrkhktke uetu` ijluek`ke ikhkb akel`k wk`tu ykel supphjnr hkbk, sncjellk pnrkhktke suphjnr/pnrkhktke inelke usjk tn`ejs skelkt sjel`kt (`urkel ikrj sktu tkcue) snmkj`eyk tjik` pnrhu ijhk`u`ke jevnetkrjsksj.
6. Mnrikskr`ke rjsj`o Wnrkhktke bnijs ikhkb ckh pnelluekkeyk ikpkt ij`nhobpo`ke mnrikskr`ke rjsj`o ykel ikpkt ijtjbmuh`ke ykjtu rjsj`o tjellj/cjlc rjs`, rnsj`o snikel/bnijub rjs` ike rjsj`o rneikc/how rjs`. Jevnetorj ikpkt ijhk`u`ke inelke bnbprjorjtks`ke bjejbkh pnrkhktke ykel bnbjhj`j rjsj`o snikel ike tjellj. ^etu` bnenetu`ke rjsj`o ikrj pnrkhktke ikpkt ijluek`ke inelke bnelluek`ke Dneejl`oc kei Vbjtc‚s boinh ykjtu suktu khlorjtbk supphjnr uetu` bnelnvkhuksj pnrhktke `nsncktke ijikskr`ke pkik duelsj pnrkhktke, rjsj`o ike `nmutucke pnbnhjckrkke.
4.= IKYK JETNEYO]J
Vntjkp dksjhjtks pnhkykeke `nsncktke buel`je bnbjhj`j `nmutucke jevnetorj ykel mnrmnik-mnik. Ykmnh 4.; mnrj`ut jej bneanhks`ke bjejbub iktk ykel pnrhu ijbksu`ke ikhkb bneljevnetkrjsksj pnrkhktke bnijs. Jevnetorj ikpkt tnrijrj ikrj mnmnrkpk dorb ykjtu mnrupk1
;. Ikdtkr iktk pnrkhktke bnijs, =. Ikdtkr pkmrj`ke, suphjnror ktku pneynijk 6. Ikdtkr mkcke ckmjs pk`kj ike su`u fkikel Jevnetkrjsksj ikrj iktk tnrsnmut mnrsjdkt rnhksjoekh ketkr iktk/dorb sncjellk hnmjc buikc ikhkb bnhk`u`ke pnenhusurke iktk.
>6
Ykmnh 4.; ‖ Foetoc Foetoc iktk jevnetorj
Eo ;
Jtnb @oin
@ntnrke ke Eobor `oin khkt, ikpkt bnelluek`ke `oin jevnetkrjs, tntkpj ijskrke`ke bnbjhj`j `oin tnrsneijrj klkr hnmjc bnbuikc`ke ikhkb jevnetkrjsksj
=
Bnrn`/Yjpn
Bnrn` ike tjpn ikrj pnrkhktke bnijs
6
Wkmrj`ke/Ijstrjmutor
Ekbk Wkmrj`ke ktku ijstrjmutor ykel bnelklnej pnrkhktke tnrsnmut, tnrbksu` khkbkt, nbkjh ike `oetk` pnrsoe
9
Vnrjkh Eubmnr
>
Ho`ksj
@oin uej` sntjkp jtnb pnrkhktke (ij`nhukr`ke ohnc pkmrj`ke), pkik ubueyk tnrtnrk pkik pnrkhktke Ynbpkt pnrkhktke tnrsnmut ijluek`ke ij pnhkykeke pnhkyke ke (Inpkrtbne/ (Inpkrtbne/mkljke/r mkljke/rukelke) ukelke)
4
@oeijsj @oeijsj
@oeijsj pnrkhktke( Mkj`, rusk` rjelke, rusk` mnrkt)
<
Wownr rnqujrnbnet
@nmutucke k`ke submnr hjstrj` mnrupk tnlkelke (==7 T, ;;7T) ktku pownr foesubptjoe (wktt)
3
Iktk jevnetorj upiktni
Ykellkh tnr`kjr upiktjel iktk
:
Ckrlk pnbmnhjke
Ejhk rupjkc pnrkhktke pkik skkt pnbmnhjke
;7
Ykellkh pnelkikke
Ykellkh (muhke/tkcue) pnelkikke
;;
Bksk Lkrkesj
Ykellkh mnrk`cjreyk wk`tu lkrkesj
;=
Ykellkh pnenrjbkke
Ykellkh ijhk`u`keyk pnenrjbkke khkt (jestkhksj, uaj duelsj ike uaj fomk)
;6
^sjk tn`ejs
Mktks usjk ykel ijckrkp`ke ikpkt ijluek`ke ij pnhkykeke (tkcue/akb/pkpkre)
>9
Ykmnh 4.= ‖ Jevnetkrjsksj Jevnetkrjsksj iktk pnrkhktke bnijs Ckrlk Ho`ksj @oeijsj Wntulks Anejs Bnrn`/Yjpn V/E Wkmrj`ke ^sjk Ijstrjmutor/ Ykellkh @oin Ekbk Ykellkh pnbnhjckrk Yn`ejs Vuphjnr Wnelkikke Wnenrjbkke Wnrkhktke
Ykmnh 4.6 ‖ Iktk Iktk Wkmrj`ke, Ijstrjmutor/ supphjnr
Eo
Khkbkt
Ekbk Wnruskckke
Nbkjh
Ynhnpoe/Dkx
Wkmrj`ke
^sjk Yn`ejs
Ijstrjmutor/ Vuphjnr
Ckrlk
>>
Ykmnh 4.9 ‖ Iktk Iktk Mkcke pnbnhjckrkke ike su`u fkikel
E o
Jt n b
@ktkhol eubmnr
Aubhkc
Ijstrjmutor/ Vuphjnr
Ckrlk
4.6 KVWK@ KVWK@ bnrupk`ke kphj`ksj wnm mksni sjstnb jedorbksj iktk skrkek, prkskrkek ike pnrkhktke pnrkh ktke `nsncktke `nsnck tke snfkrk snfk rk oe*hjen oe*hjen.. Inelke KVWK@ ijbuel`je skrkek pnhkykeke
`nsncktke `cususeyk rubkc sk`jt bjhj` pnbnrjetkc ikpkt bneyjbpke iktk VWK snfkrk hkelsuel ij snrvnr KVWK@ sncjellk boejtorjel iktk pnrkhktke `nsncktke ikpkt inelke fnpkt ijhk`u`ke. KVWK@ ikpkt ijk`sns snfkrk hklsuel ij khkbkt www.kspk`.mu`.inp`ns.lo.ji ktku bnhkhuj sjtus www.kspk`.mu`.inp`ns.lo.ji sjtus www.mu`.inp`ns.lo.ji. www.mu`.inp`ns.lo.ji.
KVWK@ mnrtuauke uetu`1 ;. Ynrsnijkeyk iktk ike jedorbksj skrkek, prkskrkek ike pnrkhktke `nsncktke ij dksjhjtks pnhkykeke `nsncktke snhuruc Jeioensjk
=.
Ynrfjptkeyk Wnbntkke VWK Ij Dksyke`ns.
6.
Vupportjel uetu` pnrnefkekke VWK
4.6.;. Iktk kpk ykel kik ij KVWK@
KVWK@ bneynijk`ke nbpkt `nhobpo` iktk utkbk skrkek pnhkykeke `nsncktke ;. Iktk ubub, bnefk`up iktk ubub skrkek pnhkykeke `nsncktke ykjtu khkbkt, tnhp, `kpksjtks, `nhks rubkc sk`jt, stktus k`rnijtksj, ihh.
>4
=. 6.
9.
Iktk Vkrkek, bnefk`up iktk ike `oeijsj lniuel mnrikskr`ke pnhkykeke `nsncktke ykel ijhkykej Iktk Wrkskrkek, bnefk`up iktk prkskrkek pnhkykek `nsncktke snpnrtj iktk pnelnhohkke hjbmkc, submnr hjstrj`, kjr, ihh. Iktk pnrkhktke `nsncktke ykel bnefk`up aubhkc, `oeijsj pnrkhktke `nsncktke.
4.6.=. Vjkpk ykel ikpkt bnelk`sns KVWK@
KVWK@ ikpkt ijk`sns ohnc Ijeks @nsncktke Wrovjesj/@km/@otk, ]ubkc Vk`jt, MWD@ ike Wus`nsbks ykel `nsnbukeyk ckrus bnbjhj`j kffouet ykel ijsnijk`ke ohnc .
Lkbmkr 4.; Ckhkbke utkbk KVWK@
><
Lkbmkr 4.= Foetoc tkbpjhke iktk ubub
Lkbmkr 4.6 Ykbpjhke Vkrkek rubkc sk`jt
>3
Lkbmkr 4.9 ‖ Ykbpjhke Ykbpjhke iktk prkskrkek rubkc sk`jt
Lkbmkr 4.> Ykbpjhke ikrk pnrkhktke bnijs ij rubkc sk`jt
>:
MKM TJJ WOVY ‖ BK]@NY BK]@NY V^]TNJHHKEFN IKE TJLJHKEFN WN]KHKYKE BNIJV
Vnckruseyk pnelkwkske ohnc proiusne tnrckikp pnrkhktke bnijs ykel suikc ijluek`ke ij dksjhjtks pnhkykeke `nsncktke tjik` snbktk bktk bnbneucj pnrkturke ykel mnrhk`u, tntkpj aulk snckruseyk suikc bneakij mkljke ikrj mjsejs ykel mkj`. Ckh jej bnbmketu proiusne pnrkhktke bnijs bnbpnrohnc pnbkckbke bnelnekj `jenrak pnrkhktke bnijs ykel ijproiu`sjeyk ike tnhkc ijluek`ke ij dksjhjtks pnhkykeke `nsncktke. @nljktke jej k`ke bnbmnrj`ke ubpke mkhj` tnrus bnenrus ykel bnbuel`je`ke proiusne bnbpnrtkcke`ke `ukhjtks pnrkhktke bnijs ykel tjellj snrtk `npukske pnelluek. Aulk k`ke bnbmketu bnbjejbkh`ke jesjine ykel tjbmuh `krnek kik nvkhuksj tnrus bnenrus, sncjellk aulk k`ke bnbjejbkhjsjr kikeyk pnekrj`ke `nbmkhj (]nfkhh). @nljktke post-bkr`nt ikpkt ij`ktnlorj`ke 1
;.
Wrok`tjd, ykjtu ijsnmut Wost-Bkr`nt Vurvnjhhkefn.
=.
]nk`tjd, ykjtu Tjljhkefn.
Wosjsj post-bkr`nt survnjhhkefn ike vjljhkefn pkik prn-bkr`nt ike post-bkr`nt ijanhks`ke bnhkhuj ijklrkb mnrj`ut jej.
Ijklrkb 4 < 3 : @ntnrkelke @ohob ;
1 Anhks.
@ohob =
1 Anejs pnrkhktke bnijs ykel ijbjhj`j pnr uejt pnhkykeke.
@ohob 6
1 Aubhkc pnrkhktke bnijs ykel ijbjhj`j mnrikskr`ke `ohob =.
@ohob 9
1 Aubhkc pnrkhktke bnijs snsukj `nbkbpuke hkykeke mnrikskr`ke `hksjdj`ksj rubkc sk`jt.
@ohob >
1 @ohob 9 ij`urkelj @ohob 6.
Wnrcjtuelke pnbneucke `n`urkelke uetu` pnellketjke pnrkhktke inelke `oeijsj rusk` mnrkt ike ktku rusk` snikel ikpkt ijtkbmkc`ke `nmutucke pnrkhktke uetu` `npnrhuke fkikelke ykel k`ke ijluek`ke uetu` bneaklk `nhkelsuelke pnhkykeke snhkbk khkt ijpnrmkj`j. Iktk `oeijsj pnrkhktke ijpnrohnc ikrj jevnetkrjsksj pnrkhktke ykel bnbukt iktk pnbnhjckrkke prnvnetjd ike `orn`tjd. Kikpue foetoc pnrcjtuelke pnellketjke pnrkhktke bnijs ikpkt ijhjckt tkmnh K.=.= ij mkwkc jej.
4 < 3 :
@ntnrkelke 1
Mkj` 9
@oeijsj ]] ]V > 4
]M <
@MYC @] 3
:
@ohob ;
Anhks
@ohob =
1 Anejs pnrkhktke bnijs ykel ijbjhj`j.
@ohob 6
1 Aubhkc pnrkhktke bnijs ykel ijbjhj`j.
@ohob 9
1 Aubhkc pnrkhktke bnijs `oeijsj mkj`.
@ohob >
1 Aubhkc pnrkhktke bnijs `oeijsj rusk` rjelke.
@ohob 4
1 Aubhkc pnrkhktke bnijs `oeijsj rusk` snikel.
@ohob <
1 Aubhkc pnrkhktke bnijs `oeijsj rusk` mnrkt.
@ohob 3
1 Aubhkc `nmutucke uetu` pnellketjke pnellketjke pnrkhktke inelke
@ohob :
`oeijsj rusk` mnrkt ike ktku rusk` snikel. Aubhkc `nmutucke pnbneucke `n`urkelke ijpnrohnc ikrj `ohob 6 ij`urkelj `ohob 3.
pkik skkt jej. 1 Wnhkykeke `nsncktke ykel ckrus ijruau` `krnek `ntnrmktkske pnrkhktke bnijs. 1 Mnskreyk `nmutucke pnhkykeke ijpnrohnc ikrj `ohob 6 ijtkbmkc `ohob 9
m. Wnrcjtuelke @nmutucke pnrkhktke bnijs
Eo
Anejs Khkt
Aubhkc
;
=
6
@k ksjtks Hk keke Khkt Aubhkc 9 >
@nmutucke Hk keke 4
@n`urkelke <
; = 6 9 > ist
@ntnrkelke @ohob ;
1 Anhks
@ohob =
1 Anejs pnrkhktke bnijs ykel ijbjhj`j pkik tjkp pnhkykeke.
@ohob 6 @ohob 9
1 Aubhkc pnrkhktke bnijs ykel ijbjhj`j. 1 @kpksjtks Khkt, @kpksjtks pnhkykeke bksjel-bksjel pnrkhktke
@ohob >
@ohob 4
bnijs. 1 Yotkh @kpksjtks Khkt, @kpksjtks Yotkh pnhkykeke pnrkhktke bnijs, ijpnrohnc ikrj `ohob 6 ij`khj`ke `ohob 9. 1 @nmutucke Wnhkykeke, ijpnrohnc ikrj k. Wnrcjtuelke @nmutucke
>.9;7->7 =7-9= (43(9;-;==) ;7.9;7:.9)
Ijljtkh, ==-9= (), ovnrrjin to 6: (;7=.=)
YNBWN]KY^]N IJVWHKZ
Kjr, ijsphky typn
KHK]BV Cjlc kjr tnbp How kjr tnbp Cjlc s`je tnbp How s`je tnbp Dke dkjhurn Vnesor dkjhurn Wownr dkjhurn MKF@^W YCN]BOVYKY
Ijljtkh
;7 bjejbub =
Vnrvo-foetrohhni
Zns
yns
Optjoekh
Vnpkrktn Eot spnfjdjni O=
optjoekh
V^WWHNBNEYKH C^BJIJYZ
Zns, stkeikri
Zns
Zns
Zns
Kiaustkmhn
67-::%, jefrnbnets od
Optjoekh Zns snrvo-
Zns
CNKYN] WO\N] JEIJFKYO] CKEI WO]YV Y^MJEL WO]YV
Eo
O= VO^]FN Jehnt Worts Foetrohhnrs
WCOYOYCN]KW
Optjoekh
Optjoekh
;
Optjoekh
optjoekh
Z
WY9777
VFKHN JEYN]EKH EOJVN, iM HJEN WO\N],
Eot s nfjdjni Eot s nfjdjni Eot s nfjdjni Eot s nfjdjni 89< wjtc 847 89> 89> kftjvn kjr furrnet ;77/;=7/==7/= ==7-=97 ;;7/;=) 97 (;>.)
6 (;>)
;6= x :=.> x >3.> (>= x 64.9 x =6)
kfforijel bkeudkfturn stkeikri
.> x 39 (;9
kfforijel bkeudkfturn Bjejbub 6' or kfforijel to bkeudkfturn
VJQN Jefumktor wjtc stkei, C x \ x I, Bkttrnss, \ x I fb fb jje e
P;==-;>=R x ;7: x 43 (P93->:.3R x
;>9 x 36.; x 4;.> (47.4 x 6=.< x =9.=) 49.> x >7 69.6 x 49.3 =>.9 =>.9 x ;:. ;:.< < ;6.> x
Cooi kffnss == x 49 (3.< x =>.= ioor C x \ Fkstnrs, fb (je) ;7 (6.:)
67 x ;; ;;.3 .3 x 6 , JOY) JOY)
Hkbpjrke N Foetoc Wrosniur Wnelluekke/pnbnhjckrkke Wnelluekke/pnbnhjckrkke
N.; Wrosniur Wnelopnrksjke Je`umktor jedket
J. Wrkskykrkt
VIB tnrhktjc
Fktu ikyk/pownr hjstrj` snsukj `nmutucke khkt
@otk` `oetk` ijhnel`kpj inelke skbmuelke pnbmubjke (krin)
Khkt hkj` pk`kj
K`snsorj hnel`kp
Mkcke opnrksjoekh tnrsnijk JJ. Wnrsjkpke Hnpks`ke pneutup inmu
Hntk`ke khkt pkik tnbpkt pnhkykeke
Wkskel k`snsorj inelke mkj` ike mnekr
Wnrj`sk pnelktur posjsj `ksur, suel`up pneloetroh, vohubn kjr, tkmuel o`sjlne tnrbksu` dhowbntnr ike `oeijsj djhtnr, s`je snesor tnbpnrkturn
JJJ. Wnbkekske
Vkbmuel`kt khkt `n ikyk/pownr hjstrj` Vkbmuel`kt Cjiup`ke khkt inelke bnen`ke/bnbutkr tobmoh OE/ODD `n posjsj OE Ktur ike fn` tnbpnrkturn snhnftor, cubjijty, o`sjlne, dke, khkrb uetu` bnelntkcuj `oeijsj khkt
s nfu`upeykk Hk`u`ke pnbkekske snfu`upey
3;
JT. Wnhk`skekke
Wnrcktj`ke prosniur pnhkykeke
Ktur tnbpnrkturn snsukj `npnrhuke
Ktur khjrke o`sjlne snsukj `npnrhuke
Wkskel s`je snesor tnbpnrkturn, aj`k kik Hk`u`ek pnhkykeke
T. Wnelnbkske/Wneyjbpkeke
Yutup rnluhktor o`sjlne pkik tkmuel o`sjlne ktku outhnt o`sjlne
Bktj`ke khkt inelke bnen`ke/bnbutkr tobmoh OE/ODD `n posjsj ODD
Hnpks`ke skbmuelke `n fktu ikyk/pownr hjstrj`
Mnrsjc`ke khkt
Vjbpke khkt pkik tnbpkteyk
Fktkt mnmke `nrak khkt (pksjne pnrckrj/pnr muhke)
N.= Foetoc Wrosniur Wnbnhjckrkke Wrnvnetjd Je`umktor Jedket
J. Wneikcuhuke Je`umktor jedket kikhkc suktu khkt ykel ijluek`ke uetu` bnrkwkt mkyj prnbkturn ktku mnrkt mkike hkcjr rneikl (MMH]) inelke fkrk bnbmnrj`ke bnbmnrj `ke tnbpnrkturn tnbpnrkt urn ike `nhnbmkmke ykel stkmjh snsukj inelke `oeijsj `keiuelke ikhkb `keiuelke jmu. JJ. Wrksykrkt
VIB, tn`ejsj tnrhktjc
Wnrkhktke `nrak hnel`kp
Io`ubne tn`ejs
Mkcke pnbnhjckrkke, opnrksjoekh tnrsnijk
Bn`kejsbn `nrak anhks
JJJ. Wnrsjkpke
k. Vjkp`ke pnrjetkc `nrak m. Vjkp`ke dorbuhjr hkporke `nrak f. Vjkp`ke io`ubne tn`ejs
j.
Vnrvjfn bkeukh
jj.
\jrjel ijklrkb
i. sjkp`ke pnrkhktke `nrak
tooh snt nhnftrjf
buhtj bntnr
hnk`kln furrnet bntnr (nhnftrjfkh skdnty kekhysnr)
Ycnrbobntnr
Cylrobntnr
n. Vjkpk`ke mkcke pnbnhjckrkke, mkcke opnrksjoekh ike bktnrjkh mketu
Foetkft fhnkenr
Fkjrke pnbmnrsjc
@kje hkp/`nrtks tjssun
@uks
Mk`tnrj djhtnr
Kqukins
Mkttnrkj
Hkbpu jeijfktor
Lks o`sjlne
Wnbmnrjtkcuke `npkik usnr
Wnhk`skekke
JT. Wnefktktke
Jsj `krtu pnbnhjckrkke khkt
Jsj dorbuhjr hkporke `nrak
^snr bnekeiktkelkej hkporke `nrak ike khkt ijsnrck`ke `n usnr
T. Wnelnbkske Khkt @nrak ike Io`ubne Yn`ejs Wneikbpjel
Fn` khkt `nrak ike snsujk`ke inelke fktktke
Fn` ike rkpjc`ke io`ubne tn`ejs
@nbmkhj`ke khkt `nrak ike io`ubne tn`ejs pkik tnbpkteyk
TJ. Wnhkporke
Hkpor`ke cksjh pn`nrakke `npkik ktkske ktku pnbmnrj tulks
36
IKDYK] W^VYK@K
Ijrane Mjek ^pkyk @nsncktke . Wniobke . Wniobke Wnelnhohkke ij ij Dksjhjtks Wnhkykeke @nsncktke. @nsncktke. =7;>
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