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d.  odnwd B`ejasb `kskakcbdi cjrupdad` cdsdidn ojsdr yd`m fbndfdpb rucdn sdabt fd` fdpdt fbsjodrad` cjidiub ak`tda td`md`1 o.  odnwd Nd`f nymbj`j cjrupdad` sdidn sdtu gdrd yd`m pdib`m sjfjrnd`d fd` jejatbe u`tua cj`gjmdn b`ejasb `kskakcbdi fb _ucdn Wdabt1 g.  odnwd ojrfdsdrad` pjrtbcod`md` sjodmdbcd`d fbcdasuf fdidc d fd` o, pjriu fbtjtdpad` fj`md` Xjrdturd` Fbrjatur _ucdn Wdabt DAD Cjfbad Wrbondwk`k.

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d.  Z`fd`m-u`fd`m @kckr ?7 Vdnu` 422? tj`td`m Ajsjndtd` (ijcodr @jmdrd Vdnu` 422? @kckr 488, Vdcodnd` Ijcodrd` @jmdrd @kckr 762:)1 o.  Z`fd`m-u`fd`m `kckr 5 Vdnu` 4222 tj`td`m Xjrib`fu`md` Ak`sucj` (Ijcodr @jmdrd @kckr 6? Vdnu` 4222)1 g.  Z`fd`m-u`fd`m @kckr ?2 Vdnu` ?886 tj`td`m Xrdatba Ajfkatjrd` (Ijcodrd` @jmdrd @kckr 6674 Vdnu` ?886)1 f.  Xjrdturd` Xjcjrb`tdn @kckr 7? Vdnu` 422: tj`td`m Vj`dmd Ajsjndtd`1 j.  Xjrdturd` Cj`tjrb Ajsjndtd` _jpuoiba B`fk`jsbd @kckr 4:2o/Cj`ajs/WA/Xjr/BB/422> tj`td`m _ucdn Wdabt1 e.  Xjrdturd` Cj`tjrb Ajsjndtd` _B @kckr 2>5/Cj`ajs/Xjr/^B/422? tj`td`m Xjrsydrdtd` Xjrsydrdtd` Ajsjndtd` Ib`mau`md` _ucdn Wdabt1 m.  Ajputusd` Cj`tjrb Ajsjndtd` _B @kckr 4777/Cj`ajs/WA/^BB/4222 tj`td`m Wtd`fdr Xjidyd`d` _ucdn Wdabt1 n.  Xjrdturd` Fbrjatur _ucdn Wdabt Wdabt Bou fd` D`da Gbgba Ck < 8?/XJ_/FB_/_WBD-G/^BB/?846 tj`td`m ajobldad` Xjidyd`d` XXB _W Dad Cjfbad Wrbondwk`k.

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ODO B XJ@FDNZIZD@ D.  Idtdr Ojidad`m Njditn Gdrj Dsskgbdtjs B`ejgtbk`s  (NGDB) dfdidn cdsdidn ojsdr fdidc  pdtbj`t sdejty , fbcd`d pj`mdwdsd` fd` ajmbdtd` ajmbdtd` pj`gjmdnd` pj`gjmdnd` ndrus cj`ldfb prbkrbtds utdcd u`tua u`tua fbidauad`, sjnb`mmd b`stbtusb ajsjndtd` ijobn ojrakcbtcj` u`tua cjcoudt b`stbtusb`yd cj`ldfb ijobn dcd`. NGDB cjcpu`ydb od`yda bcpibadsb, fbd`tdrd`yd dfdidn cjcd`ld`m`yd wdatu rdwdt, fbsdobibtds ld`mad pd`ld`m, cj`b`madt`yd rjsbstj`sb cbarkkrmd`bscj tjrndfdp d`tbcbarkod, tdcodnd` ojod` obdyd b`stbtusbk`di yd`m ojsdr, obdyd pjrdwdtd` yd`m tb`mmb u`tua pdsbj` fd` ajiudrmd, fd` yd`m pdib`m pdrdn dfdidn ajcdtbd` yd`m tbfda fbndrdpad`. ]didupu` rjsbak rjsbak NGDB dfd pdfd sjtbdp edsbibtds ajsjndtd` ajsjndtd` fb sjiurun fu`bd, ojod` mikodi yd`m ndrus fbtd`mmu`m kijn edsbibtds ajsjndtd` ajsjndtd` sdcpdb sddt b`b ojiuc fbajtdnub fbajtdnub fj`md` pdstb cj`mb`mdt suibt`yd suibt`yd cj`mucpuiad` fdtd fbdm`kstba yd`m rjibdoji. @dcu` sjgdrd ucuc, ]NK (?882) cjcpjrabrdad` ijobn fdrb 4,6 lutd pdsbj` fb `jmdrd cdlu fd` ojrajcod`m fb sjiurun fu`bd, tjraj`d fdcpda NGDB sddt b`b. Cj`urut idpkrd` ]NK (?882) fb `jmdrd cdlu, NGDB ojrfdcpda pdfd :-4:% pdsbj` yd`m fbrdwd fbrdwdtt fb od`msdi rucdn sdabt, fd` cj`b`madt cj`b`madt cj`ldfb 2-7=% pdfd pdsbj` yd`m fbrdwdt fbrdwdt fb BGZ. BGZ. Fb Jrkpd (NJIBGW, ?882) cjcpjrabrdad` : lutd adsus NGDB tjrldfb fb u`bt-u`bt pjrdwdtd` fb rucdn sdabt, cj`mdabodtad` cjcd`ld`m`yd cdsd pjrdwdtd` sjidcd aurd`m ijobn ?: lutd ndrb fb rucdn sdabt, fd` ojrtd`mmu`m ldwdo tjrndfdp ojrtdcodn`yd obdyd pjrdwdtd` sjod`yda 47-?6 pku`fstjrib`m. Wjcj`tdrd fb ZWD, NGDB cj`mdabodtad` tjrldfb`yd b`ejasb sdiurd` ajcbn (75%), b`ejasb iuad kpjrdsb (?8%), b`ejasb dibrd` dibrd` fdrdn (44%) fd` p`jck`bd (44%). Fb `jmdrd ojrajcod`m, NGDB cdsbn ojiuc tjrfdtd sjgdrd odba. Ndi b`b fbsjodoad` adrj`d pj`gdtdtd`, pjidpkrd` fd` pj`jibtbd` yd`m tjradbt fj`md` NGDB cdsbn ojiuc cjcj`unb sydrdt. Ndi b`b sd`mdt ojrodndyd, cj`mb`mdt pjrabrdd` odnwd prjvdij`sb NGDB fb `jmdrd ojrajcod`m ijobn od`yda, `dcu` fdtd yd`m daurdt tbfda tjrsjfbd, sjnb`mmd rjsbak b`b tbfda tdcpda fj`md` ljids fd` tbfda cj`fdpdtad` pjrndtbd` yd`m guaup. Ajtbfdadfjaudtd` updyd tjrndfdp rjsbak NGDB b`b fbsjodoad` adrj`d od`yda edatkr, fbd`tdrd`yd lucidn stde yd`m tbfda prkpkrsbk`di, ajojrsbnd` fd` sd`btdsb yd`m ourua, tbfda dfd dtdu aurd`m`yd sdrd`d, struatur yd`m tbfda cjcdfdb, fd` aurd`m`yd fuau`md` eb`d`sbdi. Fb iudr edsbibtds ajsjndtd`, ak`fbsb-ak`fbsb sksbdi sjpjrtb aurd`m`yd lucidn sucojrfdyd sucojrfdy d ajsjndtd` fd` cdi`utrbsb lumd cj`b`madtad` rjsbak tjrldfb`yd b`ejas b`ejasbb dabodt NGDB. Wdidn sdtu updyd yd`m pdib`m jejatbe jejatbe fdidc cj`gjmdn NGDB dfdidn fj`md` gdrd gdrd cj`gugb td`md`. Ndi b`b fbsjodoad` adrj`d td`md` td`md` dfdidn fdidn sdtu krmd` krmd` tuoun yd`m pdib`m tjrgjcdr tjrgjcdr fj`md` cbarkkrmd`bscj pdtkmj`. Xj`jibtbd` _WGC pdfd ?88? cj`yjoutad` odnwd >:,= pjrsj` d`mad b`ejasb `kskakcbdi fdpdt fbaj`fdibad` lbad pjtumds cjfbs sjidiu cj`gugb td`md` sjojiuc fd` sjsufdn cjidauad` tb`fdad` cjfbs.

Xd`fud` Nd`f Nymbj`j

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ODO BB ND@F NRMBJ@J   O.  Fjeb`bsb Nd`f nymbj`j dfdidn sudtu updyd dtdu tb`fdad` cjcojrsbnad` td`md`, odba fj`md` cj`mmu`dad` sdou` d`tbsjptba fb odwdn dbr cj`mdibr dtdu fj`md` cj`mmu`dad` nd`fruo ojrodsbs diaknki fj`md` id`madn-id`madn yd`m sbstjcdtba sjsudb urutd`, sjnb`mmd fdpdt cj`murd`mb lucidn odatjrb yd`m ojrdfd pdfd td`md`. Xrbgj (427>) cj`ydtdad` cj`ydtdad` odnwd odatjrb pdfd td`md` fdpdt fbadtjmkrbad` cj`ldfb fud lj`bs, fbaj`di sjodmdb rjsbfj`t eikrd fd` trd`sbj`t eikrd. _jsbfj`t eikrd, tjrfbrb fdrb cbarkkrmd`bscj yd`m tjrsjcou`yb fbodwdn sji supjrebsbdi strdtuc akr`juc fd` fdpdt puid fbtjcuad` pdfd pjrcuadd` td`md`. Odatjrb yd`m pdib`m od`yda fbtjcuad` dfdidn stdpnyikgkggus jpbfjrfbcbs. _jsbfj`t eikrd b`b cjcpu`ydb fud eu`msb prktjatbe, d`tdmk`bs cbarkod fd` akcpjtbsb u`tua cj`fdpdtad` `utrbsb fb jaksbstjc. jaksbstj c. Wjgdrd ucuc, nuou`md` rjsbfj`t eikrd fd` ajldfbd` b`ejasb sd`mdt ajgbi, `dcu` cu`mab` fdpdt cj`yjodoad` b`ejasb b`ejasb pdfd odmbd` tuoun yd`m stjrbi sjpjrtb cdtd. Vrd`sbj`t eikrd (trd`sbj`t cbgrkobktd), yd`m ojrakik`b pdfd idpbsd` supjrebsbdi auibt, uauc`yd ijobn cufdn fbsb`mabrad` fj`md` gugb td`md` yd`m rutb`. Cbarkkrmd`bscj trd`sbj`t tbfda ojrajcod`m obda fb fdidc auibt, `dcu` ucuc`yd ojrajcod`m ojrajcod`m obda fb pjrcuadd` auibt. Cbarkkrmd`bscj b`b lumd sjrb`m ojrpb`fdn sjbrb`m fj`md` dfd`yd ak`tda d`tdrd pjtumds ajsjndtd` fj`md` didt, pdsbj` odnad` fj`md` pjtumds ajsjndtd` idb`.

G.  Vulud` 4.  Vulud` Zcuc Cj`b`madtad` oufdyd nd`f nymbj`j  sjiurun adrydwd` _ucdn Wdabt Dad Cjfbad Wrbondwk`k. ?.  Vulud` Anusus d.  Cj`b`madtad` pj`mjtdnud` tj`td`m nd`f nymbj`j  o.  Cj`uru`ad` rjsbak b`ejasb pdfd pdsbj` adrj`d rucdn sdabt (njditn dsskgbdtjs b`ejgtbk`/NDB)b`ejasb pdfd pjtumds ajsjndtd` adrj`d rucdn sdabt (Njditn Gdrj Dsskgbdtjs B`ejgtbk`/NGDB) g.  Cj`b`madtad` cutu pjidyd`d` rucdn sdabt

F.  Wdsdrd` Wdsdrd` ouau pd`fud` b`b dfdidn sjiurun pjtumds rucdn sdabt, pdsbj`, ajiudrmd pdsbj` fd` pj`mu`lu`m rucdn sdabt.

J.  _ud`m Ib`maup Nd`f nymbj`j  ]NK cj`ydrd`ad` u`tua sjtbdp krd`m dtdu pjtumds yd`m tjrsjout fbodwdn b`b u`tua sjidiu cjcdtunb prksjfur nd`f nymbj`j, ydbtu < 4.  Wjiurun adrydwd` _ucdn Wdabt _ucdnWdabt DAD cjfbad Wrbondwk`k odba fdrb odmbd` cjfbs fd` `k` cjfbs. ?.  Adrydwd` kutskurgj yd`m yd`m ojajrld fb _ucdnWdabtDad Cjfbad Wrbondwk`k. 7.  Wbswdfd`Cdndsbswd cdmd`m. 6.  Xdsbj`fd`Ajiudrm Xdsbj`fd`Ajiudrmd d / Xj`u`mmuXdsbj` :.  Xj`mu`lu`m _ucdnWdabtDad Cjfbad Wrbondwk`k.

Xd`fud` Nd`f Nymbj`j

6

 

E.  Vdtdidasd`d Nd`f nymbj`j  Ak`sjp ibcd ckcj` u`tua ajojrsbnd` td`md` ojrtulud` u`tua cj`mnuou`mad` d`tdrd tb`fdad` ajojrsbnd` td`md` yd`m fbidauad` kijn pjtumds ajsjndtd` fj`md` rjsbak tjrldfb`yd b`ejasb tjrtj`tu pdfd pdsbj` fd` pjtumds ajsjndtd` btu sj`fbrb. Wjidb` btu ak`sjp : ckcj` b`b ojrtulud` u`tua cjcojrbad` pjtu`lua yd`m ljids tj`td`m bcpijcj`tdsbad` ajojrsbnd` td`md` sjnb`mmd fdpdt cj`b`madtad` ajcdud` fdidc fbrb pjtumds u`tua cjidauad``yd. Fj`md` fjcbabd` fbndrdpad` ajmbdtd` cj`gugb td`md` cj`ldfb odmbd` yd`m tbfda tjrpbsdnad` pdfd sddt cjcojrbad` pjidyd`d`/dsund` pjidyd`d`/dsu nd` ajpdfd pdsbj`. Dfdpu` : ckcj` ajojrsbnd` td`md` dfdidn sjodmdb ojrbaut < d.  Wjojiuc ak`tda fj`md` pdsbj` o.  g.  f.  j. 

Wjojiuc tb`fdad` dsjptba Wjtjidn ak`tda fj`md` pdsbj` Wjtjidn ojrbsbak ak`tda fj`md` gdbrd` tuoun pdsbj` Wjtjidn ak`tda fj`md` ib`mau`md` pdsbj`

Cjcojrsbnad` td`md` cjrupdad` pbidr fd` b`fbadtkr cutu fdidc cj`gjmdn fd` cj`mj`fdibad` b`ejasb, sjnb`mmd wdlbo fbidauad` kijn sjtbdp pjtumds rucdn sdabt. Cjcojrsbnad` Cjcojrsbnad` td`md` fdpdt fbidauad` fj`md` cj`gugb td`md` fj`md` dbr cj`mdibr dtdu cj`mmu`dad` d`tbsjptba ojrodsbs diaknki(Nd`fruo).  Gdrd b`b lumd pjriu fbdldrad` ajpdfd pdsbj`, fd` pj`u`mmu pdsbj`. Ndi b`b fbcdasufad` dmdr pj`u`mmu pdsbj` fdpdt cjidauad` nd`fruo sjojiuc fd` sjtjidn cjcod`tu pdsbj` cjidauad` ajmbdtd``yd sjndrb  ‗ ndrb sjpjrtb cjcod`tu pdsbj` cdad`, cjcdpdn aj adcdr cd`fb, fd` idb`  ‗ idb`.

Xd`fud` Nd`f Nymbj`j

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Cj`gugb td`md` dfd fud gdrd ydbtu < 4.  Nd`fwdsn Nd`fwdsn / cj`gugbtd`md`fj`md` dbr cj`mdibrfd`gdbrd` d`tbsjptbg fbidauad` ajtbad td`md` tjribndt aktkr dtdu dtdu sjtjidn : adib cjidauad` gugbtd`md`cjcdadb nd`fruo. Gdbrd` dtdu sdou` d`tbsjptba fbsjfbdad` fb sjtbdp wdstdeji fd` adcdr cd`fb fb rucdn sdabt cj`mmu`dad` gdbrd` d`tbsjptba ojrupd sdou` gdbr yd`m ojrjfdr fb pdsdrd`. Z`tua gdbrd` d`tbsjptba yd`m fbpdadb fb odmbd` pjidyd`d` cjfbs yd`m ojrnuou`md` id`msu`m fj`md` tb`fdad` cjfbs aj pdsbj` dtdu yd`m cj`mjikid spjsbcj` cjfbs pdsbj` ( surmbgdi nd`f fbsb`ejgtbk`s) cj`mmu`dad` sjfbdd` d`tbsjptba yd`m ojrbsb akcob`dsb prkpd`kiki fd` obpnj`ki (Xrbcdsjpt, fii). Odmbd` yd`m fbcdasuf dfdidn adcdr kpjrdsb, BMF, Xkib Ojfdn, @ursj Wtdtbk` _dwdt B`dp, Adcdr Ojrsdib`, Idu`fry fd` Idokrdtkrbuc.

Cj`gugb td`md` fj`md` dbr fbidauad` fj`md` tja`ba 5 Id`madn cj`gugb td`md` sjsudb std`fdr ]NK. Wjtbdp id`madn cb`bcdi fbidauad` sjidcd = fjtba sjnb`mmd wdatu cj`gugb td`md` sjabtdr 68 - 58 fjtba. ?.  Nd`fruo Nd`fruodtducj`gugbtd`m dtducj`gugbtd`md`fj`md`gdbrd` d`fj`md`gdbrd`ojrodnd`fdsdrdiakn ojrodnd`fdsdrdiaknkifbidauad` kifbidauad` pdfd : ckcj`t gugbtd`md`ajtbad gugbtd`md`aj tbad td`md` tbfda tjribndt aktkr. aktkr. Gdbrd` nd`fruo fbijtdaad` fb odmbd` yd`m sjrb`m cjcoutunad` tb`fdad` cjfbs aj pdsbj` fd` fb odmbd` yd`m rud`md``yd tbfda tjrsjfbd edsbibtds wdstdeji u`tua cj`gugb td`md` fj`md` dbr.

Gdrd b`b lumd pjriu fbdldrad` ajpdfd pdsbj`, fd` pj`u`mmu pdsbj`. Ndi b`b fbcdasufad` dmdr pj`u`mmu pdsbj` fdpdt cjidauad` nd`fruo sjojiuc fd` sjtjidn cjcod`tu pdsbj` cjidauad` ajmbdtd``yd sjndrb  ‗ ndrb sjpjrtb cjcod`tu pdsbj` cdad`, cjcdpdn aj adcdr cd`fb, fd` idb`  ‗ idb`. Cj`gugb td`md` fj`md` gdbrd` ojrodnd` fdsdr digknki fbidauad` fj`md` tja`ba 5 Id`madn cj`gugb td`md` sjsudb std`fdr ]NK. Wjtbdp id`madn cb`bcdi fbidauad` sjidcd 6 fjtba sjnb`mmd wdatu cj`gugb td`md` sjabtdr ?8 - 78 fjtba.

4.  Vjn`ba Cj`gugb Vd`md` Vd`md` fj`md` dbr cj`mdibr Cj`gugb td`md` fj`md` dbr cj`mdibr fd` sdou` cjrupdad` tja`ba nd`f nymbj`j  yd`m pdib`m bfjdi. Fj`md` cj`gugb td`md`, aktkrd` aktkrd` tda tjribndt fd` odatjrb pdtkmj` yd`m tjrfdpdt pdfd drjd td`md` fdpdt fbaurd`mb sjgdrd cdasbcdi. Nd`f nymbj`j  fj`md` cj`gugb td`md` fbsdrd`ad` u`tua fbidauad` sjsjrb`m cu`mab`, obid ak`fbsb fd` sucojr fdyd cjcu`mab`ad`. Xjidasd`dd` nd`f nymbj`j fj`md` cj`gugb td`md` jejatbe cjcoutunad` wdatu sjabtdr 68-58 fjtba, fj`md` id`madn sjodmdb ojrbaut <

d.  Odsdnb td`md` fj`md` dbr cj`mdibr : gg u`tua cj`ydou`b sjiurun pjrcuadd` td`md`  o.  Vud`mad` sdou` aurd`m ijobn :gg g.  Cuidb tja`ba 5 id`madn < 4)  Mkska td`md` fj`md` pksbsb tjidpda pdfd tjidpda. ?)  Mkska tjidpda td`md` ad`d` fbdtds pu`mmu`m td`md` abrb fj`md` ldrb-ldrb sdib`m cj`ldib` fd` sjodiba`yd. 7)  Mkska ajfud tjidpda td`md` fd` ldrb ‗ ldrb sdib`m cj`ldib`. 6)  Mkska pu`mmu`m ldrb  ‗  ldrb pdfd tjidpda yd`m ojridwd`d` fj`md` ldrb  ‗  ldrb sdib`m cj`mu`gb. :)  Mkska cjcutdr bou ldrb abrb fj`md` td`md` td`md` ad`d` cj`mu`gb pdfd bou ldrb td`md` td`md` abrb fd` sjodiba`yd. 5)  Mkska auau ldrb-ldrb abrb cjcutdr pdfd pdfd tjidpda td`md` td`md` ad`d` fd` sjodiba`y Xd`fud` Nd`f Nymbj`j

5

 

cj`mdibr. f.  Obids td`md` fj`md` dbr cj`mdibr. j.  Ajrb`mad` td`md` sjajrb`m cu`mab` fj`md` tbssu. e.  Mu`dad` tbssuj u`tua cjcdtbad` ard`.

d.

Cj`mkskaad` tjidpda td`md` ad`d` fj`md` tjidpda td`md` abrb

o.

Cj`mmkskaad` tjidpda td`md` ad`d` fb dtds pu`mmu`m td`md` abrb fd` tjidpda td`md` abrb fb dtds pu`mmu`m td`md` abrb

g.

Cj`mmkskaad` tjidpda td`md` ad`d` fj`md` tjidpda td`md` abrb fd` ldrb sdib`m ojradbtd`

f

Cjijtdaad` pu`mmu`m ldrb td`md` fbrdpdtad` sdcobi fbmksksa aj tjidpda td`md` abrb aj ad`d` fd` sjodiba`yd

j

Cj`mmkskaad` ljcpki ad`d` cjcutdr kijn tjidpda abrb, ajcufbd` ljcpki abrb fbmkskaad` cjcutdr kijn tjidpda ad`d`

e

Cjijtdaad` ldrb abrb cj`mu`gup, mkska cjcutdr aj ad`d` fd` aj abrb pdfd tjidpda ad`d`, ajcufbd` ldrb ad`d` cj`mugua mkska cjcutdr aj ad`d` fd` aj abrb pdfd tjidpda abrb

?.  Nd`f nymbj`j Cj`mmu`dad` d`tbsjptba ojrodsbs diaknki (Nd`fruo) 

Xdfd pjidasd`dd` nd`f nymbj`j, cj`gugb td`md` tjradfd`m tbfda fdpdt fbidauad` adrj`d ak`fbsb dtdu adrj`d ajtjrodtdsd` sucojr fdyd. Od`yda`yd pdsbj` yd`m ak`tda fj`md` Xd`fud` Nd`f Nymbj`j

=

 

pjtumds fdidc sdtu wdatu, dtdu suibt`yd cj`fdpdtad` sucojr dbr ojrsbn yd`m cjcdfdb cj`ldfb aj`fdidc fdidc cjidasd`dad` nd`f nymbj`j  fj`md` cj`gugb td`md`. Fj`md` didsd` b`b, ]NK cj`ydrd`ad` ditjr`dtbe idb` fdidc cjidauad` nd`f nymbj`j, ydbtu fj`md` nd`fruo ojrodsbs diaknki. d. Aju`tu`md` nd`f ruo ]NK cjrjakcj`fdsbad` cjrjakcj`fdsbad` nd`fruo ojrodsbs diaknki di aknki adrj`d ojojrdpd ndi sjodmdb ojrbaut < 4)  Ojrfdsdrad` ouatb, aju`tu`md` b`trb`sba fdrb rjdasb`yd yd`m gjpdt, jejatbe tjrndfdp datbvbtds cbarkod spjatruc iuds fj`md` rjsbak cb`bcdi tjrndfdp rjsbstj`sb cbarkodatjrbdi ?)  Gkgka u`tua fbmu`dad` pdfd drjd dtdu edsuibtds ajsjndtd` ajsjndtd` fj`md` dasjs fd` fuau`md` sucojrfdyd yd`m tjrodtds fdidc ndi edsbibtds nd`f nymbj`j (tjrcdsua dbr ojrsbn, tbssuj, nd`fua, fd` sjodmdb`yd) 7)  Ajcdcpud` prkcktbe yd`m ijobn ojsdr fdidc cj`fuau`m updyd nd`f nymbj`j adrj`d prksjs`yd yd`m gjpdt fd` ijobn `ydcd` u`tua fbidauad` 6)  Aju`tu`md` eb`d`sbdi, cj`murd`mb obdyd yd`m pjriu fbajiudrad` rucdn sdabt. :)  _jsbak cb`bcdi tjrndfdp dfvjrsj jvj`t   adrj`d cj`b`madt`yd ajdcd`d`, ojradbtd` fj`md` dasjptdobibtds fd` tkijrd`sb`yd fbod`fb`mad` fj`md` prkfua idb`.

 o. Vja`ba cj`gugb td`md` cj`mmu`dad` nd`f ruo Xjidasd`dd` cjcojrsbnad` td`md` fj`md` cj`mmu`dad` digknki odsjf nd`fruojejatbe cjcoutunad` wdatu sjabtdr ?8-78 fjtba cjidiub 5 (j`dc) id`madn ajojrsbnd` td`md`. Xrksjfur b`b fbcuidb fj`md` cj`ud`mad` 7-: ci nd`fruo aj fdidc tjidpda td`md`, fd` ajcufbd` cjcuidb tja`ba 5 id`madn < 4)  Cj`mmkska odmbd` fdidc tjidpda td`md` ?)  Cj`mmkska pu`mmu`m td`md` ojrmd`tbd` 7)  Cj`mmkska sjid-sjid ldrb td`md` 6)  Cj`mmkska ruds ldrb td`md` fj`md` cj`madbtad` ajfud ajfud td`md` :)  Cj`mmkska bou ldrb td`md`, ojrmd`tbd` 5)  Cj`mmkska ulu`m ldrb td`md`

g. Gdrd Xjcoudtd` Nd`f _uo Ojrodsbs Diaknki Dfd ojojrdpd tja`ba fdidc pjcoudtd` nd`fruo ojrodsbs diaknki yd`m fdpdt fboudt fj`md` guaup cufdn fb b`stbtusb rucdn sdabt. Vja`ba tjrs tjrsjout jout d`tdrd idb` < 4)  Ekrcuid 4 Z`tua cj`mndsbiad` ak`sj`trdsb danbr fdrb jtnd`ki >8% v/v, miygjrki 4,6:% v/v, nyfrkmj`j pjrkxbfj (N?K?) 8,4?:% v/v Vud`mad` Vud`mad` ajfdidc 4888 ci idou uaur< d)  Jtnd`ki 25% v/v sjod`yda >77,7 ci  o)  N?K? 7%, sjod`yda 64,= ci g)  Miygjrki 2>%, 46,: ci Vdcodnad` dqud fjstbidtd dtdu dbr yd`m tjidn fbcdsda ajfdidc idou uaur nb`mmd cj`gdpdb 4888ci, akgka fj`md` pjridnd` sdcpdb idrutd` oj`dr-oj`dr tjrgdcpur. tjrgdcpur. ?)  Ekrcuid ? Z`tua cj`mndsbiad` ak`sj`trdsb danbr fdrb bskprkpyi digknki =:% v/v, miygjrki 4,6:% v/v, nyfrkmj`j pjrkxbfj (N?K?) 8,4?:% v/v Vud`mad` Vud`mad` ajfdidc 4888 ci idou uaur< d)  Bskprkpyi diaknki (fj`md` ajcur`bd` 22,>%) =:4,: ci  o)  N?K? 7%, sjod`yda 64,= ci g)  Miygjrki 2>%, 46,: ci

Xd`fud` Nd`f Nymbj`j

>

 

Vdcodnad` dqud fjstbidtd dtdu dbr yd`m tjidn fbcdsda ajfdidc idou uaur nb`mmd cj`gdpdb 4888ci, akgka fj`md` pjridnd` sdcpdb idrutd` oj`dr-oj`dr tjrgdcpur. tjrgdcpur. Cj`urut ]NK, prkfuasb nd`f ruo fbrjakcj`fdsbad` fbidauad` kijn tj`dmd edrcdsbs tjridtbn fb u`bt edrcdsb. Ndi b`b fbadrj`dad` jtnd`ki yd`m tbfda fbj`gjrad` ojrsbedt sd`mdt cufdn tjrodadr, fd` odnad` tjtdp fdpdt tjrpbgu u`tua tjrodadr sddt ojrdfd fdidc sunu fbodwdn 48kG. ]NK lumd cj`ydrd`ad` u`tua didsd` ajdcd`d`, pjcoudtd` nd`fruo ojrodnd` fdsdr diaknki fdidc sdtu adib, tbfda ijobn fdrb :8 ibtjr. Vjcpdt pj`ybcpd`d` bfjdi`yd rud`m fj`md` dbr gk`fbtbk`jr (DG) fd` tjrtutup, sjrtd tjrnb`fdr fdrb sb`dr cdtdndrb id`msu`m. Z`tua cj`mnb`fdrb ak`tdcb`dsb krmd`bscj pdtkmj` fd` spkrd, oktki sjadib pdadb (fbspksdoij) ijobn fbsdrd`ad` cjsabpu` oktki yd`m fbpdadb uid`m fdpdt lumd fbpdadb sjodmdb wdfdn sjtjidn fbstjrbiad`. Z`tua cj`gjmdn jvdpkrdsb, adpdsbtds cdasbcuc yd`m fbd`lurad` dfdidn :88 ci pdfd rud`m pjrdwdtd` (rdwdt b`dp) dtdu rdwdt ldid`, fd` 4888 ibtjr pdfd adcdr kpjrdsb.

7.  Nd`f nymbj`j Cjtkfj ojfdn Nd`f nymbj`j cjtkfj ojfdn dfdidn sudtu updyd cjcojrsbna cjcojrsbnad` d` td`md` fdrb oj`fd dsb`m fd` cbarkkrmd`bscj fj`md` cj`mmu`dad` cjtkfj yd`m pdib`m cdasbcdi sjojiuc cjidauad` prksjfur ojfdn. Fj`md` tulud` tjrtb`mmb fdidc updyd cj`murd`mb cbarkkrmd`bscj pdtkmj` pdfd drjd td`md`, cj`gugb td`md` cjtkfj ojfdn fbidauad` fj`md` sd`mdt ndtb-ndtb fd` fdidc wdatu yd`m rjidtbe ijobn idcd. Xjidasd`dd` cjcojrsbnad` td`md` fj`md` cj`gugb td`md` jejatbe cjcoutunad` wdatu sjabtdr ?-5 cj`bt cjidiub 7 tdndpd` fj`md` id`madnid`madn <

d.  Cjcodsdnb td`md` fj`md` dbr cj`mdibr, cj`mdibr, fbcuidb fdrb ulu`m ldrb sdcpdb ? gc fbdtds fbdtds sbau.  o.  Cj`jcpdtad` sjabtdr 4: ci (7 x tjad`d` fbspj`sjr) gdbrd` nd`fsgruo d`tbsjptba fb tjidpda td`md` abrb, fj`md` fj`md` cj`mmu`dad` sba sbau u ij`md` yd`m idb` dtdu fj`md` fkr fkrk`md` k`md` iutut u`tua cj`mkpjrdsbad` fbspj`sjr. Cjrdtdad` d` fd` cj`mmkska gdbrd` nd`fsruo g.  Cjrdtda f.  _dtdad` fj`md` ajfud tjidpda td`md`, fbid`lutad` fj`md` cj`mmkska pu`mmu`m, sjidsjid ldrb td`md` abrb fd` ad`d` fd` sjodiba`yd. j.  Ajfud tjidpda td`md`, ldrb -ldrb sbsb fdidc fdrb ajfud td`md` sdib`m cj`mmkska fd` cj`mdbt fbid`lutad` fj`md` fj`md` cjcojr cjcojrsbnad` sbnad` ajfud bou bou ldrb fd` ulu`m auau ldrb ojrmd`tbd`. ojrmd`tbd`. e.  Cj`mdcobi pjcojrsbn auau fd` ojrsbnad` fdidc dbr cj`mdibr m.  Cj`mdcobi sbadt stjrbi yd`m sufdn ojrbsb gdbrd` nd`fsruo n.  Cj`ybadt td`md` ad`d` fd` td`md` abrb ab rb ojrmd`tbd`. b.  Auau fj`md` mjrdad` tjmda sjdrdn fdrb dtds aj odwdn pdfd ajfud td`md`.  l.  Ldrb-ldrb sjdad` cjcpu`ydb jcpdt sbsb, sjid ldrb, sjgdrd urut cuidb fdrb bou ldrb sdcpdb fj`md` ajib`mab`m. a.  Vjidpda td`md`, pu`mmu`m cjidiub mjrdad` cjib`madr. i.  Fdjrdn pjrmjid`md` td`md` dtds sdcpdb fj`md` sbau fj`md` mjrdad` cjib`madr. c. Zid`mb gdrd b`b pdfd td`md` ad`d` sjidcd ? cj`bt. `.  Cjcobids td`md` fj`md` dbr cj`mdibr fdrb drdn ulu`m ldrb aj sbau fj`md` cjcpksbsbad` td`md` tjmda k.  Idauad` sjadib idmb cj`ybadt td`md` ad`d` fd` td`md` abrb sjgdrd ojrmd`tbd`  p.  Auau fj`md` mjrdad` tjmda sjdrdn fdrb dtds aj odwdn pdfd ajfud td`md` q.  Ldrb-ldrb sjdad` cjcpu`ydb jcpdt sbsb, sjid-sjid ldrb, sjgdrd urut cuidb fdrb bou ldrb sdcpdb fj`md` ajib`mab`m r.  Vjidpda td`md` fd` pu`mmu`m fj`md` mjrdad` cjib`madr s.  Fdjrdn pjrmjid`md` td`md` dtds sdcpdb fj`md` sbau fj`md` mjrdad` cjib`madr fbidauad` sjidcd ? cj`bt. Xd`fud` Nd`f Nymbj`j

2

 

t.  Cjcobdrad` dbr cj`jtjs fdrb td`md` sdcpdb fj`md` sbau. u.  Cj`mjrb`mad` cj`mmu`dad` nd`fua stjrbi stjrbi yd`m fbodmb ? odmbd`, sdtu odmbd` u`tua td`md` abrb fd` odmbd` yd`m idb` u`tua td`md` ad`d`, cjcutdr fdrb ldrb- ldrb td`md` aj drdn sbau. v.  Cjijtdaad` nd`fua pdfd tjcpdt yd`m fbsjfbdad`. d Cjcodsdnb td`md` td`md` fd` ij`md`, ij`md`, fbid`lutad` fj`md` fj`md` cj`gugb fj`md` d`tb sjptbg sdcpdb fj`md` : gc fbdtds sbau ( prjwdsn  prjwdsn) 

o Obids fj`md` dbr fj`md` pksbsb td`md` td`md` ijobn tb`mmb fdrb sbaut

g Vdcodnad` ?-7 gg d`tbsjptba, d`tbsjptba, ojrsbna ojrsbnad` d` auau, td`md`, td`md`, ij`md` cdsb`m-cdsb`m ad`d` fd` abrb sjidcd ³ cj`bt

f Mkska td`md` ad`d` ad`d` kijn td`md` abrb fd` sjodiba`yd sjodiba`yd fj`md` d`tbsjptbg cdsb`m-cdsb`m 4 ³ cj`bt.

j Obids td`md` td`md` fd` ij`md` fj`md` dbr yd`m cj`mdibr. cj`mdibr. pksbsb td`md` ijobn tb`mmb fdrb sbau

e

Xdstbad`

D`madt td`md` td`md` fd` obdrad` dbr cj`mdibr cjidiub sbau sjojiuc cdsua aj rud`m kpjrdsb. Ajrb`mad` td`md` fj`md` nd`fua stjrbi yd`m tjrsjfbd fb rud`m kpjrdsb

Xd`fud` Nd`f Nymbj`j

48

 

Ndi yd`m pjriu fbpjrndtbad` fdidc cjcojrsbnad` td`md` d`tdrd idb` < Wjojiuc fd` sjsufdn cjidauad` nd`f nymbj`j, dfd ndi ndi yd`m ndrus fbpjrndtbad` dmdr tulud` nd`f nymbj`j fdpdt tjrgdpdb, fbd`tdrd`yd dfdidn < d.  Xjrdwdtd` auau td`md` Auau td`md` ndrus fdidc ajdfdd` ojrsbn fd` pj`fja. Auau yd`m pd`ld`m fdpdt cj`bcouiad` pktj`sb daucuidsb odatjrb pdtkmj` yd`m tjrfdpdt fb odwdn auau. o.  Xjrnbdsd` fd` dasjskrbs Vbfda fbpjraj`d`ad` cj`mmu`dad` pjrnbdsd` pdfd pdfd drjd td`md` sjpjrtb gb`gb`, adrj`d dfd`yd rjsbak rjsbak daucuidsb odatjrb pdtkmj` pdfd pjrnbdsd` yd`m fbpdadb. g. 

Akscjtba Akscjtba yd`m fbpdadb pjtumds ajsjndtd`, sjpjrtb gdt auau, fdpdt cj`ybcpd` odatjrb pdtkmj`, lumd fdpdt tjrijpds fdrb td`md` fd` ojrpb`fdn sddt cjidauad` ak`tda fj`md` pdsbj`. Ndi b`b sd`mdt ojrodndyd fd` fbsdrd`ad` u`tua tbfda fbidauad`. f.  Xj`mmu`dd` nd`fua dtdu tbssuj Xj`mjrb`md` td`md` sjodba`yd cj`mmu`dad` tbssuj fbspksdoij. @dcu` obid tjrfdpdt ajtjrodtdsd` fdidc sucojr fdyd, nd`fua yd`m ojrsbn lumd fdpdt fbmu`dad`, fj`md` gdtdtd` nd`yd fbmu`dad` sjadib, fd` ajcufbd` ndrus cjidiub prksjs pjcojrsbnd` dmdr fdpdt fbpdadb ajcodib fb ajcufbd` ndrb.

Xd`fud` Nd`f Nymbj`j

44

 

ODO BU FKAZCJ@VDWB D.  WksbdibsdsbAjojrsbnd`Vd`md` _ucdn sdabt cjidauad` sksbdibsdsb fd` bcpijcj`tdsb prkmrdc ajojrsbnd` td`md` fb rucdn sdabt ajpdfd sjiurun adrydwd` _ucdn Wdabt, pdsbj` fd` pj`mu`lu`m. Odmb adrydwd` sksbdibsdsb fbidauad` fj`md` gdrd cjcdsuaad``yd sjodmdb sdidn sdtu cdtjrb fdidc krbj`tdsb adrydwd` odru. Wjidb` btu lumd fbidauad` sksbdibsdsb uid`m, fd` frbii ajojrsbnd` ajojrsbnd` td`md` sjgdrd sjgdrd ojradid yd`m fbidauad` kijn Vbc XXB. Odmb Xdsbj` fd` Xj`mu`lu`m idb``yd jfuadsb fbojrbad` cjidiub ojojrdpd cjtkfj ydbtu < 4.  Cjidiub cjfbd gjtda od``jr dtdu pkstjr pjtu`lua pj`gugb td`md` yd`m tjrfdpdt fb tjcpdt cj`gugb td`md` fd` nd`fruo ?.  Cjidiub jfuadsb ajikcpka yd`m fbidauad` fj`md` pjrdmdd` ajpdfd pj`mu`lu`m 7.  Cjidiub jfuadsb b`fbvbfu sddt krbj`tdsb pdsbj` odru cdsua aj rdwdt b`dp

O.  Ck`btkrb`m fd`Jvdiudsb Ck`btkrb`m fd` jvdiudsb yd`m fbidauad` pdfd nd`f nymbj`j pj`bidbd` / dufbt ajpdtund` stde fdidc cjidauad` gugb td`md` fdidc : ckcj` yd`m fb`bidb kijn BXG@ sjgdrd ojradid.

G.  Xj`utup Nd`f nymbj`j cjrupdad` ajmbdtd` yd`m pdib`m jebsbj`, pdib`m curdn fd` pdib`m cufdn fbidauad` `dcu` cjcpu`ydb fdcpda yd`m ojsdr. Ndi b`b cj`ldfbad` sjtbdp b`stbtusb ajsjndtd` wdlbo u`tua ojrakcbtcj` fdidc updyd pj`b`madtd` oufdyd nd`f nymbj`j  fb b`sbtusb`yd. Fj`md` fboufdydad``yd nd`f nymbj`j, b`sbtusb ajsjndtd` dad` cdcpu cj`b`madtad` audibtds pjrdwdtd`, cj`b`madtad` cutu pjidyd`d``yd, fd` yd`m tjrpj`tb`m b`stbtusb ajsjndtd` dad` cdcpu cj`b`madtad` ajsjidcdtd` pdsbj`.

Fb tjtdpad` fb < Wrbondwk`k, Xdfd td`mmdi < 48 Ld`udrb ?84=  Fbrjatur Ztdcd,

Frm. ]dnyu Xrdokwk 

Xd`fud` Nd`f Nymbj`j

4?

 

FDEVD_ XZWVDAD Fbrlj` Ob`d Zpdyd Ajsjndtd` Ajcj`ajs Ajcj`ajs _B fj`md` AD_W, ?844, W Wtd`fdr td`fdr Darjfbtdsb _ucdn Wdabt, ndi ?74 ]NK Mubfjib`js K` Nd`f nymbj`j B` Njditn Gdrj, Ebrst Mikodi Xdtbj`t Wdejty Gndiij`mj Gijd` Gdrj Bs Wdejty Gdrj, ?882, dasjscjidiub dasjscjidiubnttp