Paint Mixing.pdf

Colorants & Tinting Bases Tinting Machines You can tint by adding a drop here or a squeeze there from a tube or squeeze bottle of universal colorlarnts. The best method is to use a tinitning machine. Most tinting machines are set up in either 32nds or 48ths of an ounce. So a typical formula might require for example: 6 - 32nds of lamp black, 4 - 32nds of thalo blue and 4 - 32nds of red oxide. Know the color wheel and it’s workings The Munsel Color System is the key to understanding how color relates to each other. Colors are made by blending colors (actually colorants or universal tints in the case of paints) together to form another color. Know your colorants Paints are not made by adding hypothetical or theoretical colors. Paints are made by adding colorants into a paint base to form a paint color. Most of the time saturated (strong) colorants are added into a white base to form a “tint” or lighter version of the saturated universal colorant - color. A simple color would use one universal colorant, let’s say burnt umber which is a brown color, and that colorant is placed in a quantity (which varies depending on how strong the color is to be) into a can of white (base). This will produce a “tint” of brown which may be a very light bleached out beige hue “off white”. If a large quantity of burnt umber where placed into the white base , you would get a medium beige color. For a more complex color, you would use two or more colorants to make a color. Not only two or more colorants, but two or more in varying quantities of colorant. This is how paint is tinted and colors are made. In order to make a paint color you need to know what color the colorants are. Universal colorants are not pure clean colorants. There is no pure blue universal colorant. There is ultra marine blue or Thalo blue for example, each of these colorants are “tainted” with other hues so that they are not pure blue. So when mixing colors to make a paint color you need to know that you are not mixing pure “blue” and pure “red” colors to form a pure theoretical “purple” like you might see on the color wheel. You are actually mixing the colorants (for example) of Thalo blue and burnt sienna to form a new color form these impure colorants. Also keep in mind that the strength and color of the colorants can vary from batch to batch and from manufacture to manufacture.

Different bases There are also different bases that colorant is added to - to achieve different colors. Adding burnt umber to a white base will bleach out the umber color to make anything from an off white to a medium beige. But, if you add the brunt umber to a clear base, you will have a deep saturated brown color, because there is no white to bleach out the saturated colorant. This is how deep tone paint colors are made. You could add the burnt umber to a yellow base and it would produce a gold color ranging from slightly gold yellow to slightly yellow brown. Paints are made by adding universal colorants to different paint bases. So that you are not totally confused, most paints are made from a white base. Most deep colors are made from a clear base. The rest of the bases you don’t need to be too concerned with. White base / Clear base You cannot make a deep color from a white base, the white in the base prevents this from happening. The white in the base will always bleach out the saturated color of the universal colorant. That is why there are clear bases, to make deep tones. The problem with clear bases is that they lack the hiding or coverage of the white base. The primary “hiding pigment” in paint is white (titanium dioxide). Titanium dioxide is a “blocking out” pigment, it prevents the previous paint color from showing through into your paint coating. The more titanium dioxide, the better the hide as a rule. Good hiding paints have a lot of titanium dioxide, and they cost more because titanium dioxide is expensive. Clear bases on the other hand, have no white or coloring pigments (other than the universal colorants that are added to the base to make a color). The lack of titanium dioxide (white) is why deep tone paint colors have poor hiding - even though the colors are deep and sometimes dark colors. It is not the deepness that permits hiding, it is titanium dioxide white. When using deep tones a gray primer is usually used to aid in obtaining coverage.!

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COLOR MATCHING FORMULAS for ALUMAWOOD COLORS

Lowe's

Home Depot

Valspar Brand Paint Exterior/Latex/Semi-Gloss Daylight Ounces

DESERT SAND

Base 101 B 1-20015 107 Can size: Gallon 109

Ounces

MOJAVE TAN

ADOBE

SONORA BEIGE

WHITE

Base 101 B 1-20015 107 Can size: Gallon 109

Base 101 B 2-20036 104 Can size: Gallon 111

Ultra Pure White (5050) Gallon Colorant OZ 48 B Lamp Black 0 12 C Yellow Oxide 0 17 I Brown Oxide 0 9

96 1 1 0

Pastel Base (5560) Gallon Colorant OZ B Lamp Black 2 C Yellow Oxide 2 F Red Oxide 0

48 35 39 14

96 1 0 0

Ultra Pure White (3050) Gallon Colorant OZ 48 C Yellow Oxide 0 20 I Brown Oxide 0 9 L Raw Umber 0 4

96 1 1 0

4

Ultra Pure White (5050) Gallon Colorant OZ 48 C Yellow Oxide 0 1 D Thalo Green 0 2 I Brown Oxide 0 2

96 0 0 0

Shots 37 19 17

Pastel Base (5560/2-5560) Gallon Colorant OZ 48 B Lamp Black 0 39 C Yellow Oxide 2 18 F Red Oxide 0 10

96 0 1 1

Shots 18 25 3

Half Shots

1 1

1 1

Half Shots 1 1

Ounces

Shots 6 31 4

Half Shots 1 1 1

Ounces

Shots 5

Half Shots

Base 101 B 1-20015 103 Can size: Gallon 107

Base 101 B 1-20015 107 Can size: Gallon 109

96 1 0 0

Half Shots

Shots 45 12 32

1

Ounces

LATTE

Ultra Pure White (5050) Gallon Colorant OZ 48 B Lamp Black 0 4 C Yellow Oxide 0 16 I Brown Oxide 0 3

Shots 8 24 1

Ounces 1Y 1Y 1Y

Base 101 B 1-20015 107 Can size: Gallon 109

2Y

Behr Brand Paint Premium Plus Ext Semi-Gloss

Half Shots 1 1 1

1870's Color Mixing Formulas - Tint Paint - Shade of Color - Real Milk P...

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1870's Color Mixing Formulas In mixing different colored paints to produce any desired tint; it is best to have the principal ingredient thick, and add to it the other paints thinner. The following table shows the combination of colors required to produce the listed tints. The first named color is the principal ingredient. The additional colors follow in order of their importance. Thus in mixing a limestone tint; white is the principal ingredient and red is the color of which least is needed. The exact proportions of each depend on the shade of color desired. Desired Tint ....... Color Combination Buff ....... White, Yellow Ochre, Red Chestnut ....... Red, Black, Yellow Chocolate ....... Raw Umber, Red, Black Claret ....... Red, Umber, Black Copper ....... Red, Yellow, and Black Dove ....... White, Vermilion, Blue, Yellow Drab ....... White, Yellow Ochre, Red, Black Fawn ....... White, Yellow, Red Flesh ....... White, Yellow Ochre, Vermilion* Freestone ....... Red, Black, Yellow Ochre, White French Gray ....... White, Blue, Lake** Gray ....... White Lead, Black Gold ....... White, Stone Ochre, Red Green Bronze ....... Chrome Green, Black, Yellow Do Pea ....... White, Chrome Green Lemon ....... White, Chrome Yellow Limestone ....... White, Yellow Ochre, Black, Red Olive ....... Yellow, Blue, Black, White Orange ....... Yellow, Red Peach ....... White, Vermilion* Pearl ....... White, Black, Blue Pink ....... White, Vermilion*, Lake Purple ....... Violet, with more Red and White Rose ....... White, Madder Lake*** Sandstone ...... White, Yellow Ochre, Black, Red Snuff ....... Yellow, Van Dyke Brown Violet ....... Red, Blue, White * Use Bright Red ** Hard to say what this was as lake refers to natural dyestuff - probably a red color *** Also known as Alizarin - source of the dye color Turkey Red

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This chart is reproduced from Dicks Encyclopedia of Practical Receipts and Processes by William B. Dick and is out of print.

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We have found this chart useful as a guide in color mixing. Hopefully you will too.

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7/2/2012 8:11 AM

How to Mix, Match, Prepare, and Paint a Room « Stevedarkwood's...

http://stevedarkwood.wordpress.com/2010/11/22/how-to-piece/

Stevedarkwood's Blog How to Mix, Match, Prepare, and Paint a Room Posted by Steve Loughead on November 22, 2010 · Leave a Comment How to prepare, match, mix, and paint walls: Due to the growth in the do-it-yourself (DIY) industry, paint sales have been increasing steadily. People take home modifications and repairs into their own hands. It is critical for the consumer to understand the process of painting and home renovation to ensure that they don’t have to re-do their home projects. Before you delve into the process of mixing and matching paints; you must understand the basic characteristics of paints; oil based (alkyd) and water based (latex). When a wall is painted in oil based paint, you cannot paint latex paint over oil based paint because the water based paint will peel off the oil based paint. Part 1: The Preparation Generally, when a homeowner chooses to repaint a room, there are esthetic characteristics about the room that are unpleasing; nicks in the wall or just a colour in the room that has kept the homeowner up at night knowing that it is there. 1. Determine the paint type: dab a paper towel with varsol and scrub wall vigorously. If paint is left behind on the towel, then the walls have been painted with water based paint, if not, then the walls are covered in oil based paint. (Oil based paint is being phased out by hardware retailers because of its toxic and unsafe characteristics, therefore if you have oil based paint on the walls a transition primer is required.) 2. Wash the walls with trisodium phosphate (TSP), which is a wall preparation product available at many hardware stores available in liquid (dilutable), crystal, and ready to use form. 3. Tape off anything that you do not want to paint, using painter’s tape (green) or masking tape (beige). 4. Scan the room for gaps, nicks and scratches. Use spackle and a putty knife to apply wallpatch: open the spackle container and estimate the amount required to fill the gap, remove the required amount of spackle using the putty knife and drag across the gap Trisodium Phosphate with the knife parallel to the wall; scraping the spackle into the gap. Generally, one pass with the knife will be sufficient to fill the hole; however, the spackle tends to shrink, so another pass with the knife will make the 1 of 4

7/2/12 1:38 PM

How to Mix, Match, Prepare, and Paint a Room « Stevedarkwood's...

http://stevedarkwood.wordpress.com/2010/11/22/how-to-piece/

wall flush (even). 5. Depending on the finished surface texture, selecting the correct roller for the job is essential: for a rough surface, use 20-30mm ply roller, for a semi-rough surface, use a 10-15mm plyroller, and for a smooth surface use a 5-10mm roller. However, the higher the ply of the roller the more paint it can hold, so many people get a higher ply to make painting faster.

Spackle and Putty Knife

Once you are satisfied with the wall finish proceed to part two. Part 2: The Matching The first task involved with matching paints is gathering swatches from a local hardware store in order to create a colour scheme appropriate to your home. The next step in matching is comparing the swatches from the hardware store to the room you are considering painting including the carpets, drapes, and furniture. Once you are happy with the colour scheme; determine the room’s square footage allowing you to purchase the correct amount of paint. Perfectly matching paint is an art form. Many people have a hard time doing so; however, at local hardware stores paint experts are available for advice on current trends and colour schemes. 1. Print out a diverse colour wheel to determine what colours contrast and which colours compliment. On the colour wheel,the colours that sit opposite from each other complement each other, one s that are side-by-side contrast one other. 2. Determine your desired colour scheme according to the furniture and accessories in your room according to the colour wheel. 3. Determine what sheen (flat, eggshell, velvet, semi-gloss and gloss) you need for the room and the type of paint you want be it or a bathroom, hallway, or exterior paint.

Available Paint Swatches

Once you are satisfied with the chosen colours, paint sheen, and type proceed to part three. Part 3: Painting Procedure Painting has many different methods and procedures; however, the standard patter for painting a wall is the alternating W pattern in 2-3 square foot areas. This pattern allows for the highest amount of coverage with the least amount of brush strokes and fatigue. 1. 2. 3. 4.

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Attach paint roller to the cage. Pour paint into paint tray or any similar container. Drench roller (on cage) in the paint, use agitator on paint tray to remove excess paint. Paint walls following a W or V pattern moving from left to right in approximately 2-3sq foot areas.

7/2/12 1:38 PM

How to Mix, Match, Prepare, and Paint a Room « Stevedarkwood's...

http://stevedarkwood.wordpress.com/2010/11/22/how-to-piece/

Part 4: The Mixing (For Home Hardware Employees) Due to the variability of paint colours, manufacturers do not remix paint. The majority of paint is mixed in store. Stores need to have their own method of replicating paint formulas, so distribution and measurement machines have been developed to make it easier for the user to mix paint. In certain circumstances, automated matchers and mixers are available, however, the more financially sound method for retailers is hand pump machines.

Paint Roller on Cage

1. Paints have 3 bases: clear, medium, and white; depending on the amount of tint required in the formula. 2. Select colour from paint swatches; match up the code of the paint swatch with the formula cards. 3. Open the paint can. 4. The formula cards call for parts of a fluid ounce broken down into 0, 1/96th and 1-48(Y). There are also 12 colour bases using the fluid ounce breakdown listed above: AX, B, C, D, E, G, H, MX, R, T, U, and Z. A basic paint formula for a gallon (4L) paint bucket is as follows: C – Y40, H – 26, U -2. Therefore, this formula calls for 1 full pump 48(Y) plus 40 of C, 26 of H and 2 of U. Determining Colour Code 5. Once the tint is in the can, hammer lid back on using a rubber mallet. 6. Place into mixing machine, depending on the amount of tint used—use more time or less. About the Author: Stephen Loughead has worked and still is working at Thorncrest Home Hardware as a manager. He has been a manger for over 2 years and has worked at the location for over 6 years. Paint mixing and matching was introduced to his skill set from day one and has developed his skills throughout the years; making him an expert in the subject. Mixing and matching paints is a skill that requires concentration and a keen eye for colour because customers rely on the mixers advice to match paint and to mix it correctly.

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7/2/12 1:38 PM

How to Mix Paint Colors? - Answers.Ask.com

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Answers cheadley18: To mix paint colors, you must create the perfect balance of colors to get the desired shade you want. For example, mixing one drop of red paint with two drops of blue paint will give you a royal purple. You can find more information here: http://www.scrapjazz.com/topics/Techniqu... Posted 1 year ago Was this helpful?

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60227: If you are going to try to mix paint for your own use. Always make sure you mix enough to cover the complete area. For instance if you are wanting a certain type of light blue. You will pour a blue paint into white paint a little at a time while stirring really good. It is best if you go to a paint store they know exactly how to mix the color you want. For more information, look here: painting.about.com/... /Color_Theory_Color_Mixing_and_the_Color_Wheel.htm Posted 1 year ago Was this helpful?

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Related Questions What Colors Make White? What Colors Make Aqua? How To Mix Paint Colors? How To Mix Oil Paint Colors? How To Mix The Color Of Interior Paint? How To Mix Colors For Watercolor Painting? How To Mix Paints For Skin Colors?

7/2/2012 8:23 AM

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I would like to adjust the color of 2 gallons of paint I already own. Can I purchase the actual tints that the paint stores use? What should I ask for at the art store, assuming that Home Depot doesn't sell the tint itself? I would prefer to take the time to try tinting it myself rather than have the paint store do it.

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Also, does anyone know how much, for example, "3/16 of Yellow Oxide" or "1/16 or Red" actually translates into? Is there a way to calculate tint amounts into ounces or teaspoons?

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7/2/2012 8:30 AM

Tinting latex paint - DoItYourself.com Community Forums

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Can I purchase the actual tints that the paint stores use? In some cases. Ask! (It's best to take small clean jars with you). What should I ask for at the art store, assuming that Home Depot doesn't sell the tint itself? Universal tinting colors may be used most of the time, but ask if the paint is compatible with universal tinting colors first. (If they don't know: when the tint tends to streak through the mixture it's not compatible). (If the tint floats on the surface either too much tint has been used for the base or it's incompatible). Also, does anyone know how much, for example, "3/16 of Yellow Oxide" or "1/16 or Red" actually translates into? Is there a way to calculate tint amounts into ounces or teaspoons? 3/16 and 1/16 refer to Ounces. The translation is doable (the easiest is via Minims) but some explanation may prove helpful.

Minims are an Apothecaries Unit. Many U.S. borne paint tinting machines are based on Minims. Volumetric conversion to Cubic Inches is almost exclusive to the U.S. Metric conversion is the norm for calibration and most of the World. Minims are the reason behind 1/48 markings on most U.S. borne tinting machines. (1/96 on some machines). 1 Ounce Apothecaries' fluid measure = 480 Minims. Thus 1/48 Ounce = 10 Minims and 1/16 Ounce = 30 Minims. Also: 60 minims = 1 Fluid Dram AND 8 Fluid Drams = 1 Fluid Ounce.

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Note that 48 is divisible by many prime numbers. Rarely will you find a paint formula where tinting pigments are specified as 1/5, 1/7 or 1/9. 1/4 +3 means 1/4 Ounce plus 3 drops. Although it's possible to convert Ounces to teaspoons directly, it's advisable to convert to Minims first, (as a formula check), then to teaspoons or drops if necessary. Why: First, it's easier. And the nearer to standard assumptions used, the easier it will be to match the color later on. Anything less than 1/48 is hard to duplicate on the second try. Before beginning write down the base used and/or color then record each addition. Always add tint slowly, mix, then add more if necessary. Tint base and usually plain white will hold up to 4 oz. per gallon. The less tint used, the better. If you're playing with Deep, Ultra Deep, or Accent, it's best to let someone else do this. Basics: 231 Cu. In. per Gal @ 128 Fl. Oz. per Gal.. 1 Oz. = 2 Tablespoons AND 2 Tbsp. = 6 Teaspoons. Minims /Oz. ---- Conversion 480 Min. --------------- 2 Tbsp. 480 Min. / 2 |240 Min. = 1 Tbsp. 480 480 480 480 480

Min. Min. Min. Min. Min.

/ 6 | 80 Min. = 1 Tsp. /12 | 40 Min. = 1/2 Tsp. /24 | 20 Min. = 1/4 Tsp. /48 | 10 Min. = 1/8 Tsp. /96 | 5 Min. = 1/16 Tsp.

Your sample: 3/16 Yellow Oxide = 480/16 * 3 = 90 Min. = 1 1/8 Tsp. 1/16 Red Oxide = 480/16 * 1 = 30 Min. = 1/4 + 1/8 Tsp. If either result could not be obtained from the table above, reduce, then convert the remainder to drops. There are about 20 drops per teaspoon. Working in drops is not fun. For minute divisions it's sometimes helpful to place a drop on a lid then use a wooded tooth pick to divide it. If you like numbers, do the ounce conversion math. 231 /128 = 1.8046875 Cu. In. per Ounce (Unity). :: 1.8046875 / 6 = .30078125 Cu. In. per Tsp.. 3 / 16 = .1875

7/2/2012 8:30 AM

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% BY WT. % BY VOL. % BY WT. % BY VOL. 49.80 33.97 54.32 34.08 32.40 17.16 50.84 21.02 58.60 27.14 65.21 31.48 45.30 25.42 56.21 39.07 40.60 22.89 50.81 24.72 63.80 28.16 70.88 36.32 56.06 26.46 65.23 35.88 63.00 32.62 67.16 40.44 46.20 23.23 57.04 34.85 41.10 26.20 46.60 28.35 51.80 41.28 57.52 43.00 38.20 16.04 47.25 20.84

VOC g/l 375 410 342 422 417 415 424 479 382 381 365 456

SYSTEM COLOURANTS Pastel

Tint

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Pastel

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Deep

Accent

DISCLAIMER The information given and the recommendations made herein are based on our research and are believed to be accurate but no guarantee of their accuracy is made. In every case, we urge and recommend purchasers, before using any product in full-scale production, to make their own tests to determine to their own satisfaction whether the product is of acceptable quality and is suitable for their particular purposes under their own operating conditions. The products discussed herein are sold without any warranty as to merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose or any other warranty, expressed or implied. No representative of ours has any authority to waive or change the foregoing. Nothing contained herein shall be construed to imply the non-existence of any relevant patents or to constitute a permission, inducement or recommendation to practice any invention covered by any patent, without authority from the owner of the patent.