Paging in 4G LTE Network
March 11, 2023 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
Short Description
Download Paging in 4G LTE Network ...
Description
CXL Znfmgf KBNXZY
Znfmgf usls
Mgmtmntls ab`mcl tlramgntlh ZU encc.
Mgmtmntls ab`mcl tlramgntlh EU incc`neo encc.
Mgmtmntls n ab`mcl tlramgntmgf UAU ebggletmbg.
Xrmfflr ibr CXL \L tb rl-nequmrl systla mgibrantmbgs.
Xb prbvmhl ng Lnrtkqunol ngh Xsugnam Vnrgmgf Uystla(LXVU) mghmentmbg.
Znfmgf mgmtmntmbg
lGbhl@ Mgmtmntlh Znfmgf • N ekngfl mg systla
mgibrantmbg • gbtmimentmbgs • Lalrflgey Lnrtkqunol br tsugnam
wnrgmgf gbtmimentmbgs
AAL Mgmtmntlh Znfmgf • Mgebamgf enccs • UAU alssnfls
btklr slrvmel, • Ngy ebgsualr any knvl su`serm`lh tb wmtk tkl bplrntbr.
Znfmgf Beensmbg
Znfmgf Beensmbg
CXL \L mg PPE MHCL abhl usl HP[ tb rlhuel tkl pbwlr ebgsuaptmbg.
HP[ eyecl wmcc hltlramgl kbw irlqulgtcy \L wmcc ekleo ibr pnfmgf alssnfls.
HP[ eyecl ms `rbnhenst wmtkmg UM@0. Mt eng knvl vnculs bi 50, 98, >0; br 00;: ngh 00;ri ) X 1 amg (>0;,>0;) 1 >0;
g@ ms `rbnhenst mg UM@0 ngh eng knvl vnculs bi {8X, 0X, X, Xc0, Xc8, Xc;, X/>9, X/50}. (pnrnaltlr gnal4 g@ 1 X ) G 1 Amg(X, Amg(X, g@) G 1 Amg (>0;, >0;) 1 >0;
\L MH 1 MAUM abh >:08
\LRMH ms tkl snal ns tkl \L Mhlgtmty Mghlx prbvmhlh prbvmhlh tb tkl lG@ `y tkl AAL wmtkmg tkl UcNZ4 Znfmgf alssnfl
Ibr UIG abh X4 wl wmcc knvl vnculs irba : tb >06 ns UIG mgerlnsls irba (: tb >:05) abh >0;.
\L MH 1 wl nssual n vncul, m.l1.
(X/G) x (\LRMH abh G) 1 (>0;/>0;) x ( % >0;) 1
Ub ZI vnculs wmcc `l ngy wklrl UIG 1 (>0; * m) + , m1: tb G `ut UIG 3 >:08) ZI 1 {, >6=, 5:6, 85=, =86}
Znfmgf Beensmbg Znfmgf irnal enceucntmbg
Ns \L hbls gbt gllh tb ekleo ncc > as su`-irnals wmtkmg mts ZI. N \L bgcy gllhs tb ekleo tkl su`/irnal mhlgtmimlh `y mts Znfmgf Beensmbg (ZB) mRs 1 :
Vklrl4
Gs 1 anx (>, g@/X), Elcc splemime splemime vncul. mRs 1 Icbbr(\LRMH / G) abh Gs
Gs 1 anx ( >, g@/X) 1 anx ( >, >) 1 > mRs 1 Icbbr ( / >0;) % > 1 : % > 1 :
17 ZB 1 su`irnal =
mRs 1 >
mRs 1 0
mRs 1 5 G/N
GU 1 >
su`irnal =
G/N
G/N
GU 1 0
su`irnal 8
su`irnal =
G/N
G/N
GU 1 8
su`irnal :
su`irnal 8
su`irnal <
su`irnal =
Znfmgf prbels CXL Znfmgf
Znfmgf prbelss
\Ls mg PPE Mhcl abhl usl Hmsebgtmgubus Plelptmbg (HP[) ncsb ogbwg ns pnfmgf eyecl tb rlhuel pbwlr ebgsuaptmbg.
Xkms HP[ eyecl hltlramgls kbw irlqulgtcy \L ekleo ibr pnfmgf alssnfls.
Hlinuct HP[ eyecl ms `rbnhenst wmtkmg UM@ 0, 0, tkl rngfl ibr pnfmgf eyecl vnrmls ns 50, 98, >0; ngh up tb 0498 Pnhmb Irnals,04>0; Pnhmb Irnals,5400;ri
Znfmgf prbelss
\L mg PPE MHCL abhl ekleos ibr pnfmgf bgel lvlry HP[ eyecl. Xkl Xkl Znfmgf beensmbg wmtkmg tkl pnfmgf irnal (ZI) hlimgls tkl splemime su`irnal hurmgf wkmek n \L ekleos ibr pnfmgf alssnfl.
\L slnrekls ibr Z-PGXM Z-PGXM wmtkmg ZHEEK bi su`-irnal `lcbgf tb pnfmgf beensmbg, vncul ns IIIL . Z-PGXM Z-PGXM mghmentls tknt \L any knvl n pnfmgf alssnfl bg ZHUEK ZHUEK,, PPE ebggletlh abhl ncsb slnrekls.
\L imghs Z-PGXM Z-PGXM mg ZHEEK ZHEEK hlebhl rlsburel nccbentmbg mgibrantmbg. Xkms mgibrantmbg hmrlets \L tb ZHUEK P@ wklrl tkl pnfmgf alssnfl kns `llg slgt.
\L hlebhls PPE alssnfl irba ZHUEK P@s ngh ekleos \L mhlgtmty mg ncc tkl rlebrhs.
Mi \L hb gbt imgh mts mhlgtmty mg pnfmgf rlebrh tklg mt wmcc rlturg tb ekleo Znrnaibr ltlr GZ-PGXM nal Uknt brtlnek Gnal bi tklPpnfmgf ngfl ngh Utlbeensmbgs. p Hlinuct Yncul Yncul bg Uystla ZHEEK Znfmgf Beensmbg Inetbr
g@
:48X,>40X,04X,54>/0X,84>/8X,< 4>/;X,94>/>9X,64>/50X
0
X
g@ ms uslh ns bgl bi pnrnaltlrs tb hlrmvl tkl Znfmgf Irnal ngh Znfmgf Beensmbg neebrhmgf tb XU 59.5:8. Yncul mg
auctmpcls bi hlinuctZnfmgfEyecl ('X' ). N vncul bi g*X ebrrlspbghs tb 8 * hlinuctZnfmgfEyecl.
Znfmgf prbelss
\L mg tkms stntl nrl mg PPE MHCL abhl ngh hb gbt knvl U> ebggletmvmty wmtk AAL.
Xkl cbentmbg bi n \L mg LEA MHCL stntl ms ogbwg `y AAL bg n trneomgf nrln prbelss. Xkl AAL kns tb ibrwnrh U>NZ pnfmgf alssnfl tb alssnfl tb ncc lGbhl@ wmtkmg tkl rlclvngt trneomgf nrln . AAL ibrwnrh pnfmgf alssnfl tb auctmpcl lGbhl@s ns \L eng `l rlfmstlrlh wmtk abrl tkng n smgfcl trneomgf nrln.
AAL stnrts tmalr X58>5 nitlr slghmgf U>NZ pnfmgf alssnfl ibr ZU hntn encc ngh CXL \L ms nhhrlsslh `y U-XAUM mgstlnh bi MAUM.
lGbhl@ rlelmvls U>NZ pnfmgf alssnfl irba AAL ngh ebgstruets PPE pnfmgf alssnfl. Umgfcl PPE eng enrry mgibrantmbg irba auctmpcl U>NZ. Znfmgf alssnfl eng mgecuhl auctmpcl pnfmgf rlebrhs tb pnfl auctmpcl \L.
Znfmgf prbelss
U>-NZ pnfmgf alssnfl ebgtlgt4 Mgibrantmbg Lclalgts
Yncul
\L Mhlgtmty Mghlx
: tb >:05
\L Znfmgf Mhlgtmty
U-XAUM br MAUM
Znfmgf HP[
50, 98, >0;, 0 tb05 lxpmrls `librl AAL hbg”t rlelmvl n GNU alssnfl irba
\L, n pnfmgf rltrngsamssmbg wmcc `l trmfflrlh.
Znfmgf prbelss
PPE alssnfl ebgtlgt4 Mgibrant mb mb g Lclalgt s
Yncul
\L Mhlgtmty(U-XAUM br MAUM) Znfmgf Plebrh Cmst
Znfmgf Plebrh( > tb >9 mgstngels) Ebrl br ZU)Gltwbro Hbanmg(EU
Uystla Mgibrantmbg Abhmimentmbg
XP\L br INCUL
LXVU Mghmentmbg
XP\L br INCUL
Mgtlr-systla EUI@ Znfmgf
Mgtlr-systla EUI@ pnfmgf
EU Incc`neo mgvbcvls abvmgf tkl \L nwny irba CXL ngh bgtb n ab`mcl gltwbro wmtk n emreumt swmteklh ebrl gltwbro hbanmg nt tkl tmal bi mgmtmntmgf n ab`mcl brmfmgntlh br ab`mcl tlramgntlh vbmel encc.
Xkl EU Incc`neo ngh UAU bvlr UFs mg LZU nrl rlncmzlh `y usmgf UFs mgtlrinel `ltwllg Ebgtrbc Zcngl gbhls AAL ngh AUE Ulrvlr.
UFs mgtlrinel ms tb prbvmhl alekngmsas ibr ab`mcmty angnflalgt ngh pnfmgf prbelhurls `ltwllg LZU hbanmg ngh EU Hbanmg.
Gllhlh ibr AB br AX prbelhurls. prbelhurls.
Mgtlr-systla EUI@ pnfmgf
Uelgnrmb wklg prbvmhmgf EU slrvmels tb ng CXL su`serm`lr. Zrlrlqumsmtl ibr EU Incc`neo tb wbro ms tknt \L ms hunc rnhmb enpn`cl \L ngh mt ms rlfmstlrlh mg tkl EU Hbanmg.
Mgtlr-systla EUI@ pnfmgf
Umfgnccmgf nerbss tkl UFs mgtlrinel ms `nslh upbg tkl UFs Nppcmentmbg Zrbtbebc (UFsNZ).
N \L usmgf EU Incc`neo aust `l rlfmstlrlh wmtk `btk tkl LZE ngh EU ebrl gltwbro hbanmgs. Xkms ms nekmlvlh `y ebapcltmgf n eba`mglh 'LZU/MAUM' Nttnek prbelhurl irba tkl C XL gltwbro.
Eba`mglh LZU/MAUM Nttnek AUE/YCP erlntls ng nssbemntmbg wmtk tkl AAL `y stbrmgf tkl AAL gnal Uu`serm`lr mgibrantmbg ms ekleolh bg tkl ‛Kbal Uu`serm`lr Ulrvlr” (KUU)
\L ms gbw n`cl tb usl EUI@ prbelhurl.
Eba`mglh LZU/MAUM Nttnek prbelhurl
EUI@ selgnrmbs • Ab`mcl brmfmgntlh br ab`mcl tlramgntlh • Utnrtmgf irba Mhcl abhl br Ebggletlh abhl
• \smgf ng mgtlr-systla knghbvlr br n rlhmrletmbg mgstruetmbg
Mgtlr-systla EUI@ pnfmgf
Ab`mcl Brmfmgntlh EUI@ EU I@ pnfmgf
PPE alssnfl ebgtlgt4 Mgibrant mb mb g Lclalgt s
Yncul
\L Mhlgtmty(U-XAUM br MAUM) Znfmgf Plebrh Cmst
Znfmgf Plebrh( > tb >9 mgstngels) Ebrl br ZU)Gltwbro Hbanmg(EU
Uystla Mgibrantmbg Abhmimentmbg
XP\L br INCUL
LXVU Mghmentmbg
XP\L br INCUL
Mgtlr-systla EUI@ pnfmgf
Ab`mcl Brmfmgntlh EUI@ EU I@ pnfmgf
\L slgh Lxtlghlh Ulrvmel Plqulst tb AAL tb mgmtmntl EUI@.
lG@ slgh \L tkl PPE Ebggletmbg Plclnsl Plclnsl wmtk Plhmrleembg tb \XPNG. \XPNG.
Nt snal tmal lG@ slgh \L Ebgtlxt tb rlcínsl `lnrlrs `ltwllg lG@ ngh UFV. UFV.
\L lxekngfls wmtk gbhl@ tkl PPE tb lstn`cmsk rnhmb ebggletmbg.
\L slgh EA (Encc Angnflalgt) tb mgmtmntl EU encc lstn`cmskalgt prbelhurl. \L mgecuhl icnf tb splemiy ms n EUI@ encc.
Mgtlr-systla EUI@ pnfmgf
Ab`mcl Xlramgntlh EUI@ pnfmgf
UFs Mgtlrinel
MAUM bi tkl \L, slrvmel Mghmentbr. lG@ ogbw pnfmgf ebals irba EU ebrl. AAL slghs pnfmgf alssnfls tb ncc lG@ bg tkl snal XN Mgibra \L n`but tkl mgebamgf vbmel encc. Znfmgf alssnfls mgibra ncsb ms EU hbanmg.
Alssnfl mgecuhls EUI@ rlspbgsl (wkltlr tkl prbelhurl knh `llg neelptlh)
Ebgtnmgs n EUI@ Mghmentbr wkmek mgstruets tkl lG@ tb abvl tkl \L nerbss tb \XPNG/FLPNG. Plhmrletmbg mgibrantmbg mgstruetmgf tkl \L tb abvl nerbss tb \XPNG/FLPNG
abvl nerbss tb \XPNG/FLPNG
Mgtlr-systla EUI@ pnfmgf
Ab`mcl Xlramgntlh EUI@ pnfmgf
UFs Mgtlrinel
bhl @ rlclnsls tkl \L ebgtlxt usmgf n 5wny knghsknol wmtk tkl AAL
\L abvls nerbss tb tkl tnrflt PI enrrmlr ngh lstn`cmskls ng PPE ebggletmbg. Xkl PGE lxtrnets tkl Znfmgf Plspbgsl ngh ibrwnrhs tb tkl AUE/YCP. Xkms neogbwclhfls tkl brmfmgnc Znfmgf Plqulst slgt tb tkl AAL. Gbranc vbmel encc ebggletmbg lstn`cmskalgt lstn`cmskalgt smfgncmgf prbellhs irba tkms pbmgt
Xrneomgf Nrln
•
XPNEOMGF NPLN HMALGUMBGMGF
•
XPNEOMGF NPLN ZCNGGMGF
•
XN ENCE\CNXMBG L[NAZCL
Hmalg smbgmgf Xrneomgf Nrln Hmalgsmbgmgf
Xkl prbelss bi XN hmalgsmbgmgf ebgtnmgs twb anmg tnsos4
XN hmalgsmbgmgf ibr tkl AAL
XN hmalgsmbgmgf ibr tkl P@U
Xkl ibccbwmgf mgput hntn ms rlqumrlh mg tkl XN hmalgsmbgmgf prbelss4
Znfmgf enpnemty bi tkl AAL 1 ngh pnfmgf enpnemty bi P@U 1 .
Znfmgf mgtlgsmty plr su`serm`lr (hurmgf `usy kbur), .
P@U Znfmgf enpnemty • EZ\ cbnh (39:: pnfls/s) • ZHUEK cbnh (3 .9; pnfmgf rlqulsts ibr ab`mcl pkbgls plr plr `usy `usy
Znfls/k plr su`serm`lr
kbur .
Ns pnfmgf mgtlgsmty vnrmls frlntcy `ltwllg gltwbros, tkl mgtlgsmty mg tkms lxnapcl skncc gbt `l uslh mg n rlnc XN hmalgsmbgmgf hmalgsmbgmgf prbelss wmtkbut iurtklr stuhmls.
Mt ms ncsb nssualh tknt tklrl nrl npprbxmantlc npprbxmantlcy y . Enceucntl tkl pnfmgf mgtlgsmty plr su`serm`lr ngh slebgh4
0. Zlribra XN hmalgsmbgmgf mg rlcntmbg tb tkl AAL4 Nssuamgf tknt tkl gua`lr bi nttneklh uslrs mg tkl twb AALs nrl lqunccy spcmt `ltwllg tkl gua`lr bi AAL4
Hlplghmgf bg tkl `bnrh bg AAL4 - AoYM eng suppbrt 0::: pnfls/s - AoYMMM 9::: pnfls/s
Xkl AAL pnfmgf enpnemty wmtk 5 UEXZ `bnrhs ms4
Hmalg smbgmgf Xrneomgf Nrln Hmalgsmbgmgf Xkl bi P@U plr XN cmst ibr AAL pnfmgf enpnemty4 gua`lr
5. Xkl tkmrh stlp ms tb plribra XN hmalgsmbgmgf mg rlcntmbg tb P@U pnfmgf enpnemty4
8. Xkl anxmaua gua`lr bi P@Us tb mgecuhl plr XN cmst ms fmvlg `y4
Mg tkms lxnapcl, tkl XN cmst smzl ms cmamtlh `y tkl AAL enpnemty tb >:0 P@U plr XN cmst.
Zc nggmgf Xrneomgf Nrln Zcnggmgf
Vklg pcnggmgf `brhlrs `ltwllg XNs ngh XN cmsts, tkl ibccbwmgf twb flglrnc rucls nppcy4
XNs ngh XN XN cmsts skbuch `l pcngglh sb tknt nrlns wmtk irlqulgt XN uphntl uphntl smfgncmgf nrl cbentlh mg cbw trniime nrlns. Xkms anols mt lnsmlr ibr tkl P@U tb ebpl wmtk tkl nhhmtmbgnc smfgncmgf enuslh `y tkl XN uphntl prbelhurl.
XNs ngh XN XN cmsts skbuch `l pcngglh sb tknt tkl gllh ibr XN uphntls ms amgmamzlh. Xkms ms neebapcmsklh `y ebgsmhlrmgf kbw uslrs trnvlc wmtkmg tkl gltwbro. @usy rbnhs, rnmcwnys, ngh sb bg, skbuch erbss ns ilw XN cmst `brhlrs ns pbssm`cl.
Flglrnc prmgempcls4
>.
Cbentl irlqulgt XN uphntl smfgncmgf tb cbw trniime nrlns
0.
Nhhmtmbgnc smfgncmgf enuslh `y XN uphntl prbelhurl.
Amgmamzl tkl gllh ibr XN uphntls
Kbw hbls tkl uslrs trnvlc2
@usy rbnhs
Pnmcwnys
Zc nggmgf Xrneomgf Nrln Zcnggmgf
Irba rlclnsl UFUG-AAL P0:>:N PZ:0, up tb >9 XNs plr XN cmst wmcc `l suppbrtlh.
Ibr lvlry XN, tkl bplrntbr eng splemiy n cmst bi up tb >< XNs (mg brhlr tb rlhuel rmso bi pmgf-pbgf `lenusl AAL ncwnys nhhs tkl bch XN tb tkl cmst).
Mg tkl rlclnsl tkl AAL mgecuhls bgcy tkl eurrlgt XN mg tkl XN cmst.
Mg ensl XN cmsts wmtk auctmpcl XNs nrl lapcbylh, tkl nvlrnfl gua`lr bi P@Us plr XN skbuch gbt lxellh4
1 tkl gua`lr bi P@Us tb mgecuhl plr XN cmst, enceucntlh mg tkl hmalgsmbgmgf prbelss.
1 tkl gua`lr bi XNs mg tkl XN cmst. Vklg XN cmsts wmtk auctmpcl XNs nrl uslh.
XN cmsts wmtk auctmpcl XNs eng klcp rlsbcvl tkl mssul bi n ilw elccs knvmgf tb knghcl n kmfk gua`lr bi XN uphntls.
Enccnb Tbgl XN Enceucntmbg Lxnapcl
Enceucntmbg nppcmlh bg Enccnb (ENC) zbgl mg Z, hntn npprbxmantlcy neebrhmgf su`serm`lr pcng .
@y qulrymgf bg systla4
ENC zbgl kns n tbtnc bi >0; lG@ wbomgf.
Umtl
5F
8F
Uu`s
ENC:::> ENC:::5 ENC:::8 ENC:::9
8:5 555 =9 059
>>> 8> 58 >5>
8 568 >5: 596
A b`mcl 8F A bhl a 8F
9; 5: 09 =8
85 >> ; 56
ENC:>8> ENC:>80 ENC:>85 ENC:>8; Nvlrnfl Nvlrn fl
590 >=: >8; 68= 866:5
66 ;6 >96 >09::
8>5 096 05< =>9 9:5:5
5= 56 9; >0< ;0=5
>0 8: >= 80 85:6
…
Gua`lr bi Znfmgf Plebrhs Plelmvlh `y tkl lGbhl@ 1 5= 00; =;: (plno kbur). kbur) . Uu`serm`lrs rlfmstlrlh 1 >0 9:: 9::?? wkmek neebrhmgf tkl prbimcl npprbxmantlcy tklrl nrl ; 0=5 ab`mcls (9.
Xb enceucntl wl glh nvlrnfl bi pnfmgf plr omgh bi uslrs, wl knvl4
Znfls rlelmvlh bg ENC zbgl bg plno kbur 1 5= 00; =;:. Xbtnc bi 8F uslrs 1 >0 9::? ab`mcl 8F 1 9.5: Abhla pnfl 1 >.>6
G@ @ llG ENC:::> ENC:::5 ENC:::8 ENC:::9 ENC:::; ENC::>:
Znfmgf rlelmvlh pnfls pnfls / pnflspnfls / / Znfmgf rlelmvlh / / pnfls pnfls / slebgh / slebgh lG@ slebgh /slebgh / uslr bgbg lG@ slebgh uslr(%)/ uslr slebgh uslr(%) lrCC `clc (pRkbur) (1 (1 / 59::) (ab`mcl) (ab`mcl) (abhla) \\sslrlr nn `l (pRkbur) x/x 59::) (abhla) ENC:::>@8F(5;90) 5:: :.=6 :.6= ENC:::5@8F(5;95) 08>09> 96 >.86 0.:; ENC:::8@8F(5;98) 006:5: 95 >.9: 0.9= ENC:::9@8F(5;9 :.;> ENC:::;@8F(5;99) 08:;>5 96 >.55 >.:8 ENC::>:@8F(5;96) 589;96 =9 >.>6 :.;0 …
ENC:>8: ENC:>8:@8F(>:==) ENC:>8> ENC:>8>@8F(>;>9) ENC:>80 ENC:>80@8F(09;0 >.9;
:.68 >.=: :.;>
ENC:>85 ENC:>85@8F(09;9) ENC:>8; ENC:>8;@8F(8=:=) ENC nvlrnfl
XN Enceucntmbg Lxnapcl Enccnb Tbgl
0. \slrs nttneklh 4
Ibr tkms ensl wl knvl tbtnc bi 0:: ::: uslrs 8F nttneklh bg systla ngh bgcy > AAL.
Vl stmcc nssual AAL pnfmgf enpnemty wmtk < UEXZ `bnrhs ms4
Xkl gua`lr bi P@U plr XN cmst ibr AAL pnfmgf enpnemty4
5.
XN hmalgsmbgmgf mg rlcntmbg tb P@U pnfmgf enpnemty4
Vl nssual ngh
8.
Gua`lr bi P@Us tb mgecuhl mgecuhl plr XN cmst ms fmvlg fmvlg `y4
08990= 5.05 :.;> >.>6
XN Enceucntmbg Lxnapcl Enccnb Tbgl
0. \slrs nttneklh 4
Ibr tkms ensl wl knvl tbtnc bi 0:: ::: uslrs 8F nttneklh bg systla ngh bgcy > AAL.
Vl stmcc nssual AAL pnfmgf enpnemty wmtk < UEXZ `bnrhs ms4
Xkl gua`lr bi P@U plr XN cmst ibr AAL pnfmgf enpnemty4
5.
XN hmalgsmbgmgf mg rlcntmbg tb P@U pnfmgf enpnemty4
Vl nssual ngh
8.
Gua`lr bi P@Us tb mgecuhl mgecuhl plr XN cmst ms fmvlg fmvlg `y4
XN Enceucntmbg Lxnapcl
Zlru enceucntmbg
Vl wmcc ebgsmhlrlh ncc Zlrô ns n smgfcl emty4
Nrbugh 505: lG@ wbomgf. Nrbugh 505: Gua`lr bi Znfmgf Plebrhs Plelmvlh `y tkl lGbhl@ 1 = 88>?? wkmek neebrhmgf tkl prbimcl npprbxmantlcy tklrl nrl 098 05> ab`mcls (96.55%) ngh >0; >9= abhlas (50.99%). (50.99%) .
Gua`lr bi AAL AAL 1 > >58 P@U plr XN, eurrlgtcy tkl anxmaua gua`lr bi smtls ms >0= plr XN. \s lrs 8F
5=088>
Z. Ab`mc b`mclR lRZlr Zlru u
:.65 :.65 :.5= :.5=
Ab`mcl Abhla Ab`mclRZlru AbhlaRZlru
09806> >0;>6: 96.58% 8;.%
Z. AbhlaR bhlaRZlr Zlru u
UN\,AAL 1 \s \slr lr/A /AA AL g R UN\,AAL
5=08 5=088> 8>
gP@U,XN
AAL Enpnemty (E AAL) AAL pnfl e np. UEXZ `bnrh \s l lrr s plr P @U @U RZ RZ lr lr u P@U pnfl/s
M pnfl :.:::>;=; gP@U/AAL >58.06 gP@U/XN/P@U >6;9.05 >58.06><
>:::: 0::: < 0 5 8 < 9 6 ; = >: >> >0 >5 >8 >< >9 >6 >; >= 0: 0>
NAN NGE NZ\ NPL N]N END E\U K\E K\G MEN D\G CNC CNA ENC CME CMZ CBP ANH AB^ ZNU ZM\
0; >09 56 0>> 9= =0 >0= 05 6> >:> >0; >9; >>8 >0= >>:6 => 80
> 0 > 0 > 0 5 > 0 > 0 5 0 > >0 0 0 > > > 0
0; 95 56 >: 98 0= ;9 96 0;
0 0 > >
98.< 85 96 0;
09
\EN XBXNC
89 509>
> :NZ ZNFMGF alssnfl irba AAL,tkl lGbhl@ eng `l qululh. Vklg lnek pnfmgf beensmbg rlnek, tkl pnfmgf wmcc `l trngsamttlh. Xkl rlplnt pnfmgf ms mgecuhlh tb tkl ebugtlr.
Plelptmbg bi n U>NZ ZNFMGF alssnfl irba AAL,tkl lGbhl@ eng `l qululh. Vklg lnek pnfmgf beensmbg rlnek, tkl pnfmgf wmcc `l trngsamttlh. Mi tkl pnfmgf ms hmsenrhlh `y lGbhl@ nt pnfmgf beensmbgs,tkl ebugtlr rlebrhs. Plelptmbg bi n U>NZ ZNFMGF alssnfl irba AAL,tkl lGbhl@ eng `l qululh. Vklg lnek pnfmgf beensmbg rlnek, tkl pnfmgf wmcc `l trngsamttlh. Mi tkl pnfmgf ms
Ibraucn
-
-
-
ebgflstlh `y lGbhl@ nt pnfmgf beensmbgs,tkl ebugtlr rlebrhs. _Gua`lr bi Znfmgf Plebrhs Ebgflstlh nt tkl lGbhl@ Q / E5655=88:0/(E5655=88::+E56 (_Gua`lr bi Znfmgf Plebrhs Plelmvlh `y tkl lGbhl@ Q+_ Gua`lr bi Znfmgf 55=88:0) Plebrhs Ebgflstlh nt tkl lGbhl@ Q)
Xkngos!
View more...
Comments