PA1 Psicologia Social

 

XRCMQ@]C D@DMALE@C O¸4 XPE@CICFED PC@EDI U

@CLQOE]DRED

OR@; 48105 ]ALD; AI JALEOE@EMEC; QO JAOÐLAOC PC@EDI MC@AO]A; KQDO KCPA PC[D NARRARD EO]AFRDO]AP; ◃ LDRIAOU TQEPXA FDR@ED ◃ JECRAIU JREOAA PQII@D PQOE ◃ LEREDL RDLCP CKAMD ◃ RC@EC P]AXNDOE RQXDU NQDR@DUD ◃ KCPA BRDUDO TQEPXA PDDZAMRD 2822

 

@DPC

AI JALEOE@EMEC; QO JAOÐLAOC PC@EDI Ao ai dôc 2845, di las ma c`tubra sa rapcrtdrco diramamcr ma 405 dsaseodtcs ma lukara luk aras, s, rad radiez iezdmc dmcs s d trd trdvås vås ma `rì `rìlao laoas as qua makdo oeôcs ao ai mas masdlp dlpdrc drc y tarleodo tarleo do seao seaomc mc vì`te vì`telds lds eoves eovesebias ebias.. Ids lukar lukaras as juarc juarco o d`u` d`u`neiid neiidmds, mds, bdia bdiadmds, dmds, mafciidmds, fcipadmds, ndstd id luarta. Ao Xarû, 40> lukaras juarco vì`telds ma jaleoe`emec y 4:= oeôds y dmcias`aotas sa `covertearco ao nuårjdocs (LELX, 2845). Ai ja jale leoe oe`e `eme mec, c, `d `drd rd`t `tar arez ezdm dmc c pc pcrr sa sarr uo `r `rel elao ao ma få fåoa oarc rc,, as ra radi diez ezdm dmc c pc pcr  r  dfrascras `uyd eotao`eðo as mcleodr, akar`ar `cotrci y oafdr id dutcdjerld`eðo ma ids lukaras `clc sukatds ma mara`ncs, d trdvås mai usc ma id veciao`ed. Pa majeoa `clc ai dsaseodtc ma ids lukaras parpatrdmc pcr ics nclbras pcr ai scic na`nc ma sar lukaras y qua teaoa `clc bdsa id mes`releod`eðo ma fåoarc7 ao radiemdm, maba sar vestc `clc ai ûitelc `dpìtuic ao id vemd ma lu`nds lukaras, ldr`dmd pcr uo `coteouc ma veciao`ed y tarrcr. C`urra iuafc mai jrd`dsc ma ics eotaotcs ma sclatar y `cotrcidr d ids lukaras. Axprasd id oa`asemdm ma aieleodr, ao jcrld majeoetevd, id `dpd`e `dp d`emdm mdm ma ids lu lukara karas s ma `c `cova ovarte rtersa rsa ao suk sukatc atcs s dut dutðoc ðoclcs lcs77 d la laoum oumc c ics lamecs prasaotdo ai dsaseodtc ma lukaras `clc ’`rìlaoas pdsecodias“, ic `udi masvertûd su `drä`tar d rajcrzdr ics astaractepcs qua ube`do d ids lukaras ao uod pcse`eðo ma subcrmeod`eðo subcrmeod`eðo y masvdicrezd`eðo jrao jraota ta d ics vdrco vdrcoas. as. Ai jaleoe`emec as id läs frdva ldoejastd`eðo ma id veciao`ed bdsdmd ao fåoarc y as uo jaoðlaoc bdstdota axtaomemc, qua vd ao dulaotc sestaläte`dlaota ao ai pdìs y ao id i d rafeðo.  

XRQABD MA MAPDRRCIIC  D `coteoud`eðo, md raspuastd raspuastd d ids sefueaotas eotarrcfdotas; 

4. Ai jaleoe`emec as uo prcbiald sc`edi qua sa raid`ecod `co ai astumec ma id pse`ci pse `cicfì cfìdd sc` sc`edi edi y `cluo `cluoetd etdred red.. ³Tuå ³Tuå dsp dspa`t a`tcs cs `co `cosem semard ardlcs lcs ao su avdiud`eðo3 (2 puotcs). Ao id åpc`d qua astdlcs as uo prcbiald oc scic ai jaleoe`emec se oc tdlbeåo ai nd`ed id lukar pra`esdlaota oc as scic `clc iiafdomc id luarta sa lditrdtc md d trdvås ocdsðic id veciao`ed jìse`d, pse`ciðfe`d beaod sa sdba asqua uo prcbiald idtaota. Ics dspa`tcs qua sa `cosemard mai jaleoe`emec ics preo`epdias puotcs d var sco ics sefueaotas Ao id pse`cicfìd sc`edi `clc beao sa sdba axestao ics prakue`ecs asta as tara ract ctep epcs cs,, pa paos osdl dlea eaot otcs cs sc sc`e `edi dias as ic qu qua a id `uit `uitur urd d td tdlb lbeå eåo o ic as `clp `c lpcr crtd tdle leao aotc tc `c `clu luoe oetd tdrec rec id eoji eojiua uao` o`ed ed ma uo uod d pa pars rsco cod d pr pras asao ao`e `edi di a eldfeodmd eojiuya ao ai paosdleaotc saoteleaotc ma ctrd parscod. Ics prakue`ecs sco pdrta mai jale`emec preo`epdilaota veaoa ma id `redozd asd jcrld`eðo veaoa ma `dsd qua jua ocrldiezdmc ao ics dôcs :8 y 68 sa md ao lu`nds jdleieds pcr id `dusd ma ics `aics `udomc id lukar tdlbeåo teaoa eofrascs ldycras qua ics mai nclbra y d `dusd ma id sc`eamdm eojiuyaota sd`do d jicta ai ld`neslc ma id prcnebe`eðo ma qua vdydo d trdbdkdr qua scic sa quama ma dld ma `dsd.

 

Lu`nds Lu`n ds lu luka kara ras s sc scpc pcrt rtdo do ai ld lditr itrdt dtc c lu lu`n `nds ds va va`a `as s pc pcrr ai eo eofr fras asc c qu qua a `cotrebuyao ics nclbras d `dsd c pcr mevarsds rdzcoas parscodias mai qua me merä räo o as preo preo`e `epd pdil ilao aota ta uo uod d pras prasao ao`e `ed d el eldf dfeo eodr dred ed qu qua a eo eoji jiuy uya a ao ai `clpcrtdleaotc ma ids aiids pcr oc `cotdr `co suje`eaota eofrasc a`coðle`c, as luy `clûo var qua lu`nds lukaras d`aptdo d qua ids lditrdtao y lu`ncs `dscs iiafdo di jaleoe`emec. Ao ids octe`eds eotarod`ecodias sa va `ðlc eojiuya ai fcbearoc ma `dmd pdìs sa md ai jaleoe`emec ai lditrdtc `cotrd id lukar as `clûo y ai dmuitarec as paodmc d luarta pcr ai ld`neslc qua dûo sefua prasaota ao difuocs iufdras ao bdsa d ic `uiturdi ics nclbras puamao taoar 0 d = aspcsds veveaomc kuotds, parc pdrd aiics oc ndy oeofûo `dstefc difuoc. Pe beao as `eartc ao id frdo ldycrìd `udomc sa md uo `dsc ma jaleoe`emec `uipdo preo`epdilaota d id lukar pcr su jcrld ma vaster, y pcr fåoarc ao astd sc`eamdm ndstd ai mìd ma ncy axesta ai ld`neslc qua vdrecs nclbras oc vevao seo sar `dstefdmcs `udomc `clatao vedid`eco c lditrdtdo y `clatao jaleoe`emec `cotrd uod lukar oc ias pdsd odmd sefuao `dmd mìd `clateaomc läs `rìlaoas duoqua ndy iayas qua dlpdrdo ics mara`ncs ma `dmd sar nuldoc.

2. ³Tuå `drd`tarìste`d raspcoma di astumec mai jaleoe`emec `clc tðpe`c ma astumec ma id pse`cicfìd sc`edi y `cluoetdred3 (2 puotcs). Ids `drd`tarìste`ds mai jaleoe`emec c ai lditrdtc `cotrd lukar teaoao mevarsds atdpds mcoma axesta uo dfrascr ao id pse`cicfìd sc`edi y `cluoetdred. Ao bdsa d ics rafestrcs ma jaleoe`emec od`ecodias ao ai Xarû id ldycrìd ma ics ncle`emecs c jaleoe`emecs ìotelcs sco parpatrdmcs pcr su pdrakd. Xcr ic tdotc, ndy qua taoar prasaota sealpra qua ai dfrascr vd d sar ai `uipdbia ao uo jaleoe`emec c `udiquear lditrdtc, `udomc uod lukar as vecidmd id trdtdo ma `uipdr pcr su ldoard ma vaster c pcrqua pdsð lu`nds va`as pcr ai leslc iufdr, parc ai dfrascr as ai `uipdbia. Ao ctrcs `dscs ai lditrdtc as prcvc`dmc pcr aiids leslds lu`nds va`as sa dprcva`ndo ma ids iayas qua axestao `cotrd ai lditrdtc d id lukar y pcr ctrc idmc ndy nclbras qua sco lditrdtdmcs di efudi ndy iayas ma prcta``eðo pdrd aiics ’Nclbras pcr efudimdm“ tdotc `clc nclbras y lukaras oc maouo`edo d tealpc astc sa maba di dutc`cotrci alc`ecodi qua teaoao ma id ctrd parscod.  Dseleslc, sc`edilaota sa rad``ecoð id pctastdm mai vdrðo ma mes`epieodr d id lukar ao uod raid`eðo as uod jcrld ma kusteje`dr id veciao`ed jìse`d y ai lditrdtc pse`ciðfe`c, c pcr tårleocs ma fåoarc y ld`neslc qua sa md ao su aotcroc eojdotei.

0. Astdbia`a id raid`eðo aotra id pse`cicfìd sc`edi y `cluoetdred y ai dbcrmdka mai jaleoe`emec `clc jaoðlaoc sc`edi ao ai Xarû. (= puotcs).   Id ps pse`c e`cicf icfìd ìd sc` sc`edi edi eot eotaot aotd d ras rasciv civar ar mej mejara araota otas s eot eotarr arrcfd cfdota otas s d trd trdvås vås ma eovastefd eovast efd`ec `ecoas oas as aspa` pa`edi ediezd ezdmds mds,, sa jc` jc`die diezdo zdo ao `c `clpr lprao aomar mar ids `du `dusds sds y jd`tcras qua lcimado ouastrcs paosdleaotcs, saoteleaotcs y `comu`tds ao

 

setud`ecoas sc`edias. Xcr ctrd pdrta, id pse`cicfìd `cluoetdred sa ao`drfd ma sciu`ecod sciu `ecodrr ics prcb prcbialds ialds pse` pse`csc` csc`edias edias qua parlet parletao ao masd masdrrciid rrciidr, r, jclao jclaotdr, tdr, ldot ld otao aoar ar ai `c `cot otrc rcii y pc pcma marr qu qua a ics ics eo eome meve vemu mucs cs pu puam amdo do ak akar ar`a `arr sc scbr bra a su dlbeaota eomevemudi y sc`edi, pdrd sciu`ecodr prcbialds qua ics dquakdo y dsì icfrdr `dlbecs ao astcs dlbeaotas, as ma`er id pse`cicfìd `cluoetdred ctcrfd narrdleaotds pdrd sdier ma setud`ecoas ma reasfc y dsì lakcrdr id `diemdm ma vemd ma uo eomevemuc. Ao ai jaleoeslc eotarveaoao id pse`cicfìd sc`edi y `cluoetdred, pcrqua dlbcs sa ao`drfdr ma dyumdr d id sc`eamdm y lakcrdr id sdium laotdi ma ids parscods scbra tcmc ai dutc`cotrci alc`ecodi ra`crmdomc qua tcmcs trdbdkdo pdrd tcmcs pcr ai beao `clûo ma id sc`eamdm, yd qua sdbalcs qua asta prcbiald mai jaleoe`emec veaoao dja`tdomc d id pcbid`eðo luomedi pcr sus ditcs oevaias ma lukara luk aras s ds dsase aseodm odmds, ds, as elp elpcrt crtdo dota ta lak lakcrd crdrr ics prc prcfrd frdlds lds ma dyu dyumd md d ids lukaras, ai trdbdkc pse`ciðfe`c sc`edi pdrd pcmar dyumdr d ids vì`telds y ai trdbdkc pse`ciðfe`c `cluoetdrec pdrd iiavdrids d uo `aotrc ma sdium laotdi pdrd qua qu a sa sado do dtao dtaome memd mds, s, as astd tds s lu luka kara ras s ma maba bao o sa sarr dt dtao aome memd mds s pc pcrr ps pse` e`ði ðicf cfcs cs aspa`ediestds pdrd lakcrdr su `diemdm ma vemd, tdlbeåo as elpcrtdota `radr uo prcfrdld ma eotarvao`eðo pdrd ics dfrascras pdrd qua astcs oc vuaivdo d idsteldr d uod lukar.

=.  Axpie` Axpie`dd y juomdl juomdlaot aotd, d, ³`uäia ³`uäiass sco sco ids `d `dusd usdss mai `cl `clpcr pcrtdl tdleao eaotc tc nuldoc qua axpie`d id `comu`td jaleoe`emd3 (= puotcs). Axestao lûitepias vdredbias pdrd `cosemardr raiavdotas y aotra aiids ao ai `dsc dotare dot arecr cr ids qua mas mastd` td`do do sco id les lescfe cfeoed oed,, ai sao saotem temc c ma su supar parecre ecremdm mdm ma fåoarc y id `co`ap`eðo ma ids lukaras `clc pcsaseðo. Astds vdredbias sa trdosletao `uiturdilaota y jdvcra`ao id veciao`ed ma ics nclbras nd`ed ids lukaras. Xcr ctrc idmc, ics dsaseodtcs ma lukaras ao ai älbetc ma id pdrakd tdlbeåo astäo iefdmcs, astdmìste`dlaota, di `cosulc ma di`cnci c ma ctrds mrcfds pcr pdrta mai ncle`emd, se beao astds d``ecoas oc puamao sar dtrebuemds scidlaota d uo jaoðlaoc purdlaota becquìle`c. Ai eot eotard ard``e ``ecoe coeslc slc sel selbði bðie`c e`c as uo uod d `c `crrea rreaota ota tað taðre` re`d d ma id sc` sc`eci ecicfì cfìd, d, id pse`cicfìd sc`edi y id dotrcpcicfìd qua prcpcoa qua ids parscods `costruelcs `cokuotdlaota sìlbcics qua mctdo ma sefoeje`dmc d id radiemdm ao sus mesteotcs dspa`tcs, fuedomc ouastrd `comu`td ao raid`eðo d astcs.   Masma astd creaotd`eðo ai ja jaleoe`emec leoe`emec pcmrìd axpie`drsa `clc u uod od ` `cosa`uao`ed cosa`uao`ed ma ids ids meja mejara rao` o`ed eds s ao ics ics rcia rcias s ct ctcr crfd fdmc mcs s d `d `dmd md få fåoa oarc rc pc pcrr lu lu`n `nds ds sc`eamdmas; sa aoteaoma qua ai älbetc pûbie`c maba sar `cotrcidmc pcr ics vdrcoas y sa raiafd d ids lukaras d id raprcmu``eðo y di `uemdmc mai ncfdr.

 

 

Ao lu`nds c`dsecoas sa maocleod ’pdtredr`dmc“ d astd astru`turd sc`edi, qua sa sc scst stea eaoa oa ao iaya iayas s as as`r `ret etds ds y/ y/c c ao oc ocrl rlds ds el elpi piì` ì`etd etds s qu qua a ra raju juar arzd zdo o y `come`ecodo pdtrcoas ma `clpcrtdleaotc mejarao`edmcs ao juo`eðo mai saxc beciðfe`c.

  Ids astru`turds pdtredr`dias sa ldoejeastdo ao id l ldycr dycr prcbdbeiemdm qua teaoao ids lukaras ma ra`eber dbusc, ma c`updrsa mai ncfdr y ma ics nekcs, ma sar  raprasaotdmds `co pc`d jemaiemdm ao ics lamecs y ao id `uiturd pcpuidr, ma `cbrdr laocs qua ics nclbras pcr ai leslc trdbdkc y ma qua su saxudiemdm sad vestd ma jcrld oafdtevd. Dseleslc, teaomao d astdr eojrdrraprasaotdmds ao ics älbetcs ma pcmar y ma tcld ma ma`esecoas. Id `co`ap`eðo ma ids lukaras `clc eojarecras d ics nclbras nd`a qua ai sefoeje`dmc sc`edi ma astcs dsaseodtcs sad laocs oafdtevc ao aotcrocs läs pdtredr`dias. Ma astc sa pcmrìd mamu`er qua axesta uod ldycr prcbdbeiemdm ma qua sa må veciao`ed ma fåoarc y pcr tdotc jaleoe`emec se id iay y id `uiturd oc ics paodiezdo.

1.  jd Axpi Ax pie` e`ddo yid ju juom omdl dlao aotd ³`uä ³`uäia ias s u`td sco sctds os ids iddf s rase `c `com ome` e`ec oas sc sc`e `edi dias as qu qua a jdvc vcra ra`a `ao dpdr dp dre` e`eð eðo otd,, ma `com `c omu` dfra sevd vds secoa y spc pcta tao` o`ed edil ilao aota ta jaleoe`emds3 (= puotcs). Oc ndo pdsdmc lu`ncs dôcs masma qua id vcz ma ids lukaras sa nd dizdmc pûbie` pûb ie`dla dlaota ota pdr pdrd d mas maspar partdr tdr id sao saoseb sebeie eiemdm mdm scb scbra ra id vec veciao iao`ed `ed qua su sujra jrao o lu`nds ma aiids ao mesteotcs pdìsas mai luomc. Ai as`aodrec sc`edi qua rcmad d ids vì`telds as mejaraota ao `dmd uod ma aiids, puas ai dfrascr c dfrascras ndo taoemc axpareao`eds eomevemudias qua ics alpukdo d radiezdr astcs d`tcs ma cmec cm ec.. Peo Peo al albd bdrf rfc, c, pc pcma malc lcs s fa faoa oard rdie iezd zdrr di ma mas` s`re rebe berr di difu fuod ods s ma id ids s `come`ecoas sc`edias qua jdvcra`ao id dpdre`eðo ma astds `comu`tds dfrasevds qua ao lu`ncs `dscs tarleodo ao jaleoe`emecs. ◃ Ai jdis jdisc c pao paosdlea sdleaotc otc ma s supar uparecremd ecremdm m ma få fåoarc. oarc. @ @clc clc sa m mas`r as`rebeð ebeð iìo iìoads ads dr drre rebd bd,, pc pcrr lu lu`n `nc c te teal alpc pc sa `c `cos osem emar arð ð di få fåoa oarc rc ld lds` s`ui uieo eoc c `c `clc lc ai pramcleodota yd sad ao talds pciìte`cs, sc`edias, raiefecscs, at`., ic `udi nd ctcrfdmc d ids lukaras id supuastd `come`eðo ma eojarecremdm. ◃ Ocs ao ao`co `cotrd trdlcs lcs ao uo uod d sc`e sc`eamd amdm m ao mcom mcoma a lu`n lu`ncs cs ncl nclbra bras s `raa `raao o qua id lakcr ldoard ma mcleodr c `cosafuer ai `cotrci scbra difc as d bdsa ma veciao`ed. ◃ Id d` d`aptd` aptd`eðo eðo ma astar astaractep actepcs cs `ra `radmcs dmcs p pcr cr uod s sc`eam c`eamdm dm ld` ld`nestd nestd.. Ncy ao mìd lu`nds lukaras ma tcmds ids amdmas sefuao pdtrcoas ma `comu`tds qua sa luastrdo ao ramas sc`edias, paiì`uids, ocvaids, at`. Faoardomc dsì uod pcse`eðo sulesd dota parscods mai fåoarc cpuastc.

 

:.  Masma id pse`cicfìd sc`edi y `cluoetdred, astdbia`a uod prcpuastd ma d``eðo pravaotevd pdrd leoelezdr ics `dscs ma veciao`ed ma fåoarc. (= puotcs).  

Ao preo`epec pcmalcs avetdr ai jaleoe`emec breomdomc breomdomc uod amu`d`eðo ao id qua sa taofd ao `ua `uaotd otd tdotc tdotc id pa parsp rspa`t a`tevd evd ma få fåoar oarc c y ai mar mara`n a`nc c d vev vever er seo veciao`ed, ao asta parecmc ics oeôcs alpeazdo d `coc`ar y raspatdr su `uarpc, tdlbeå tdl beåo o cbt cbteao eaoao ao `dp `dpd` d`emd emdmas mas ma mej mejara arao` o`edr edr d`t d`tcs cs dja dja`te `tevcs vcs `cl `clc c d`t d`tcs cs veciaotcs, mcoma puamdo vdicrdrsa y puamdo majaomar su `uarpc fczdomc ma uod buaod dutcasteld. Ics oeôcs y oeôds mabao dpraomar qua sus mara`ncs sco efudias y qua ics d`tcs veciaotcs oc mabao c`urrer pcr oeofûo lctevc nd`ed sus `clpdôarcs y `clpdôards.

 

Mabalcs mdr `ndri Mabalcs `ndrids ds ma dutc dutcastel asteld d mcom mcoma a ids lukar lukaras as aotea aoteaomdo omdo qua oc mabao maba o sar vì`te vì`telds lds ma vecia veciao`ed o`ed yd qua tcmcs sclc sclcs s efudias y qua pcr läs trdme`ecoas c stdtus qua ndyd scbra qua ids lukaras mabao lukaras  mabao sarver di nclbra oc as dsì, yd qua ids lukaras oc mabao rasefodrsa oe tdlpc`c sar nuleiidmds. Mabalcs amu`dr amu`dr d id pcbid`eðo y nd`arid aotaomar qua oc ndy mejarao`ed ma fåoarcs tdotc ao ai trdbdkc `clc ao ai ldtrelcoec yd qua dlbcs fåoarcs puamao masaovcivarsa ao mesteotds `dpd`emdmas, tdlbeåo sa ias eome`d qua, se axesteard uo d`tc veciaotc tdotc mai nclbra nd`ed d id lukar c ve`avarsd sa fdrdotezd  kuzfdr d ics `uipdbias `clc, tdlbeåo rapdrdr y mdr sciu`ecoas d ids vì`telds.