P. Tzamalikos-Origen_ Cosmology and Ontology of Time (Supplements to Vigiliae Christianae) (Supplements to Vigiliae Christianae) (2006).pdf

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,ha, God h"" ",,,,blt.hed " p< horn, p',ill to ',he . )">lOIU of hC""c ,,''''I:ill,«1 in tLcm' Le would be led to 'he b,OOt iml"'l1inenl 'h(1 ;r,",,,,",,, a'",n;"" ahou, Goo:l. "am..l). thal (h,' "'" and ,I", moon 'n,1 ,he SI.,.. 'lie in ,t.. ~,'il' ah bou~h Ihe~ j1' '' I""fonll a ",;; "I.r "''''''0'''''' uy onl('r of The "",,' ral i0< ',,, ,h".., ""i,ring in the ,,·hole worl of the tenll c",wo. Ox .Ji,:; ' Koo~",%1 iu 'hr Scril~ " n:, ... "",I in mmm.1/MI he oncc 010re 1U)(]"",,k.. 'he ''''k IQ d'rif)' 'he (~n"...,,,, ;rnl"'''' of ' hi' 'ho",,,u),,,' b)".d.." irlg alld interpreting "",-. .... 1 pas>age. of 10. 6, l,\·lJ .

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"1' ."-1 p,>n'l '''! ~"J~" ue ·...,u..~, .ill"o,,, ..... ,"" ~" c'!P ~4' nms 'po!) JO .Iow, II I"'"'-"''''''' 4"'4." '1'1-"''' " ISU" ~uo ~'(l "'!-Id ,,,,,,, 11" ~~4J_ -00, ',"-""1'. ". "'''J' JO "" "'I' , ~, ,'P'P -."d IH .""01'. S"!"'I "" I"I""~"" S! ' ~' I j ~ "'" .,,,,...,,1... ,'q) 0,"11 ·Pl'u.", '4' J" L!O!'~~" ~4' lIu !D.1»uu> A;trrWfl JU UO!,,," .'ue "4 4,,! LI'" no 1''''~>.iS "1' .""!"..,,I '! ·"'!'!Io.\ ~"~\!I' ~4' JO "O!'O" ~'I' ", IP" 0.", "" '11 UJO."",fl I~"P'" ~'I l JO "O!'"'' ''1.1. '1'1'0." 1".000100." J 'I' pne >I,,,>r.O " 11"""'" le'!.ll "! IlJ~~J "'!""'Ukl !!..'4' .'t.'" '4' "! '>",I",d 1'1''''' '4' JO " '!I"" JO 'P-"I .,~.p:~I. IlLlR P·""I. (~I OJ~ >'''4' M·1I·"o~>;,,:q1 ~i'\J I"~" £>" ,lll~lu>.r"'"'' ·J."lO" " ... ;u~'I' ''''1' )0 lit ·, 0&..1 "1' 4' .... '~!""'k 11" JO ""!'UI '" ~"!I~"''''I'!'''~>Q ':IlJ !,"~." ""P)O u"'.,.'" '('I pur ·..... lllc>JJ ~"!>"~ '" P"~

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" ,rt. le"" of aU regarded .,foltnt ODC", hu, emnC" ,imp l)' by being "'I"" il "~. Th;" OCluaJl)' mfthe F.,h;""pl"IOnic c'-"lCep,ion "f crea,i"n f",m tha, "f Uri!,,,n '. C\lOll 'U-OllgcT. A, ,,11 c"cul>, e>.'~o in the f~,," case, d"" 11o,inu, i u(lic~tc . the ,,)Ie of ,,·ill i" OnC "'''y or ~llo,h.,r. c""';o" "..,If h .. a char-~c"" uf a c,,"mic la" ""h", 'h~" ~ f" diri,.... - k ...' of .,11 has h ,h" char.oc· • Ibi, '''ggN' tha, • cog, ho' e'ea,ion 0\,1 of wn. ft, ",g.rd. l~aegjM;"g of ti"'e,'" did

" er A.Il. Cl"""" • .,."" "".• ","~ of ".n" W ,I.....ciffi, ~orld·. 'Ilt .''''' &-......, XXI d9-Hl. p, 21 ~ ,\rutotk poOoo. ou, .... , "'''''''11 .. tJ.mI=. of 01 .. 1"-" Pbro ...,... ,"'-""" do., ,in .. hMl • ~_

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,mdil;" 1I vf hi. ttCT ill ""ler." To him , 'hicll)' ",>, it", •• o'~y " ."",,11 fr..,-,io n of Ill did "0' )!l1U~ " " d he" ", hi. iutc11",btion, into tb. I'rim: w irere h< ,I"a), ,,"id , a probl,'''' for "hieh OriS"o', Ihelog) actually ~ liok'S ,'" ">0111 a' "li _ It i, a ,tark com ra" t hat ill Orig. " it b not "'iU ,",'h ieh i, hop",d God. bu, it i, (,.orI 1I'''''1f,..ho i, i> fU"'\;lIl1e",a1 ,-;cw (Ita, r;,~l i> "~'ond ",,,,ncc'," na","')". hc"doe;. panici"."e 0\ """"'''''' a, ,.u"" r or i, is I". "ho knce "f G.>d ci6o.>~;" ew~\_ It " ".., indc~d Origt"n ,,-ho ,,,,,,,;,,«1 ,hat 'the ",,,,,,,, of 'h" Tri"i,y )~" nothing ill

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corn "'Oil "ilh 'he ' "'()r~ of go.>T., C"D "'l" thi" in .... fwontc to God', ccc,,,i,.., ""'. Origcn ,,"" the ;0 " ,n""ner ", bich i, q,uIe j"dieati,-. of ho'" he CQ11 -

."rt.,

,-,-in,. of ,toe '("",al;'" rcla!'",,'" of God '" ' h" cr"~' "'t" II'h"'l 00IKeptioll of th< .'erup"ral beiug of r,,,,i; for h~ ,k",uo 'he pn''''''' ,."" 'he ""''' ,,,,propria,. io order 10 lal~ ~t.ou t 'he he;''!! of C",L " He "llo '1:-

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I, 'ojiJ'" 11 . In bc, John "')' 'In hOrn ~~, w;,'. I" F, . 11, """·"or. "'" o/runs of ,],., r~ "IoM i. =,.;o,.,-.-d ~i~ , "" fu.I.,.,,1' PU' ""'" 'Without hOrn ~., no< . ,,' !h;,'II m..k, Wh .. I...... "" ill ~;"" '''•• I,"'" o,;,oii .,....,," .w.. "0 ytp,:,..... ..,;,,0 !;o>/I ,....

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,I'P o... J 'I I "110.""e 'I'.,1 1'1'0.'" , ni' ""1 ' 'S"!" " !":>!I JO n"!",,, .'"e ,,,o'J 1J.d~ po:) 'p c", S"''''l 1'1'0_" "4' JO ." .'~, • PP4 " ,~O JI -NCJI " OJ .>01'

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th ere ""'" I",' h God .nd hi< lkcUimI h> cr! ~; Ih U" It,,,, ;,. 00w K _!,>",", '""'" 1" ' to •. ."bin' "'h,,. -j', ...... d...

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""""'" Orip-u , ).,.,.." . . . '1 "'""'" "' ;,h the l'a,lk"_ '" T h • .""". ,,,,,w.,, i, mnrc 1">c,",,,11; pre,,,,,d in ' he Ca.., ... here lilt l"'Aicictl'ial Of'. according to ,,·h"'!. ' he Idea, •• i " .11 the dj,';n" ~lilld.' " lh" Ihi, i, wro ng ,incc iu !~, ilo 'here i, " 11,,0,,;c !l"lion to which Orij,'bo b 01.0(", '"" (10ei1lg i, i",po.. i l~r. '" although he mos iI, 'lCcl of 1'1';1", 'ne ide ~ of G",I a. ·c~ " ... ' "f '",eotio,,' Iho(h the pru,;'ku,iil "",I (lCwaJ one ;, of utm(»t imp""""," . For ,h. "dOl>D"" of lhe n",io" of "',." i, strikingl), i",~c,lt;'" of lhe eon«l~ion of crea,ion h~\'i"g ~" (lC1U,d I",gilln;~, A f"nd,mell"'] pOl\~ipk >c' fi"..h by Ons,", ;" 11"" /i:M! pro"': 10 bt the ,."", of ",..,,,,;on ,10«;"oing ""') .1.0 'm. ,,"',.. or ron~ inro ""On,;' 'APIit ",1 ;, ''''''; ;,"",*", "i,w',.x..-i.".lIint! rum",U or ,,",,,,,I.

,10" di..-"""'" ..,..,. ""'"',. 1,., inll,,,,,,, of, .... a"""i on Ori~n. ~'"" t .......

,h•• ~.""'.~""'" .... ....,.,. ' "

"""Dhi) 1 th",)iogy. Subs, he cOllt1'uo""" it"lf, tILl! i,. l>crall"" i, ,,'.. m~d,' f", .. i. Ik btgI""i>Ig mi ... ~,ke i. lh" h. hi! 00 1'riM. " he",,,, nU G", • • a "d ot her I..,i" ~x" ,bo'" ,ha' he d~ 1 tOO' .....,,,1 10 d,·al " 'i,h .. ,ch no",,,,,&. ~or que"i" .. i, t"""d 0" • CQml>klOly Lml' excluded fcm" " " Y "o,io" of uiIy. Whic h Tl"'"n' ,h", 'here a.r~ ... ,"....,n< for (;od no, "" I)' ' 0 Clex". b, ,""cording 10 , "ut an d emeD< of 1I.., of \\""00,,, h.. ,.s..lt: Thi; ,s what .. r(a1lir,,- i, no1 corn;ct . " wa, Origcn wh" d,,,j, "HI-,- .nm,eial".-t thal ='3t;on;,," pr",IIlct of God', h. "ill , ""mdr. that God would 1""-,, nC\'~r created had he not "iUcd tv do so . R. Nom., ou t b~ otber h",,c ill 'I"c>liou a",1 rem";n' def"'m 10 'h" outright r.'lC' lh~, I';, 01"" (o",iI; "",,,,,,'> ;,.i. 1:";0" i, ,,,eam IQ S"!!W''' 'h~L '~"''''h""gh (;00 JuUkd to W"'''", ~"d ,., he did. ,h,ro i, no ch;."g' or aioe"ui..>n ,ha, took plA(O ill 0",1

1''''''''''

1I~",df.

The onwlogical priority of 'he tJ()tion of God H imself t" "")' um· Ctl";Ul1 of Him i< again fJO'iti",lr I"" 1'","'...-.:1. Tht concepti",", of 00< c",alioll of the pr.,...nt "",,rld. 11,' confn.... ,h~ no,ioll of LJUd to be lI U,,, ,, d~,, ,,~.d once couchn! ill word, is one of tbe maiu re""',,' wbich ",,,ckT • ~e"a ill COOC"IJti on "' )~Ika l. Origc" ~'a, "'f) ,,, ud, ~b,,· 10 lli;,; fad. ,\ 1 1I,,' 1'0;'" "' he," Ccbu, '1'.010 'If th e C ... d lJ;"~(, '-'pl"ining wlo)' mall ]"", =u "'ed a 1",,1)". he ru.~llS. 'n.., dilTerroce from ~'e S",ic, 1.>~,~ tfw;,ugh! ---an'~ J G=l pMk_>phy·. fu.~ !ftJo, .1" - So-!>. 70 l%ll 70 . 261 "

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I"", ,-......".",.," ......"",;",.] cc nd, ne. of the di"i"e ",alilY, hUI ~l"" of hi, soll ",1 di~k,,'ica l disciplin. _ 'ni, "";,,,de ""1lI ~" l>< ch.lleog«1 b)' ""pm~ ,,-ho pu'l~"" 10 ,tick (he rub of logic MId (~..Jccti c •. No ou, "'mkt ,uk (he 'luc.,,,, all)' 'b&>io" x",cJ,.~.tl-.:ti """"~'" .( an. Th ~ ... is. ,I"·rcfo'~. a POitll ",hid. ,loo"ld loo- m.d.. p d"""inc. ,,!lido ;hould no. he "" LI"Ij-,C, 0. '0 fcd il rID " w,,~ ,dUeh ;S ;"",1,,,bl), "'g'''' i, nOl iml>o"';hlc , I" ~n~ ""'.. , il could b 13 IOi:lo 13. A, "'p,d> 1'1>[0, Ihe1< ~ >< ."","",,",Ii.. ",od '" i, Pc"~it" ')01 0 ,,'a$ imp'-");"a,,,,J ,,;, 1, lb e Platonic i,I,·· aii"" . "'hieh in f"" held c,w,,,dcral>le , ..·.Y in (h~ «-gion , tl,i, di~ ",,' !'C"dor O rig.'i'ah[r I'b(onic all .Iong. Ht ",-a' u01 [>owl«1 ht3d ""tT hed, hr tht 11alO"ie "", . look ,,, ,10,' .h.. " (""" only I ",~",.,.d , \\' ;I h ""!r~nI '0)' su I>';'·c ... " .uor GI 1t1U~ m"eh ha, toscd "n hi", ",,-, chidl)" h.,.'d on I", i",b, and ditkm whic h "ill ",.its fo r i" ,ldinitil'C ''''''wc," '''' .","'er ",hich coul,l he reached onl)' '" "n UI"bOl or a thorough "",,'an' h of hi. " 'Or" ,-~'a'" I)(),h i" Cn'"~ ,,,,d Lalin, ..\, IonS a. th ;" tas! ;" no, rulfdled, m"ch room rc"min. "PC " to 0 tragi.; h;"· tonc 1~ •• ag-.. in .. the " ",heuti" ,n3 of a" hOllC" I~()()CCJ' of C hri"~,,, th oug h,.

.i..-..,.

j,,"

tha, W;«k>m is ]>id,' "'i,h' ,he "'''rI,II'''''' '''P''''"wlJ ~"J' ~>0" h" till> , .n,1 c•• th/I' bei,,&,. and bciog> ;" ,I" .)nh .. ",,,rlort,_ be.,..,,,,'."

It ,houkl be ""'iced tI .. " Ih. "".. uic preseuce of (he l.og U.. ~ " .. ;oop6

It " ,be [.ogo. ",ill"" "",0 ,,'100 "," >Ounce, ,10,· F.,ber to ,be"'.'" T he J.gos 'm~dt: u. out of "",hing'; ~"d , 'once ,,-e ",-re mado:. h< " phol,!, '" in'o heing_ and """T da)' p".) I'ide. li>r '" oO\-ertl)' 3nd "''''ti)', bo,h ., • whole ""d "3ch one ill dit.'i,h", U)". e,-"n lhough ,,'e m~)' be Dot ",,"or. of th i.,·" " ben O';gt:" "''''D",i", thm 'the 1(001< ncc , " beo J'a,d "')" . I)Ou, the J..os,""').'" 'n ,c l.ugos , ,hc",.[,,"', i. P'''''''''' b",h in timck .. ncs.; 3nd in li mc_ It i. th rough him , I"" a perpe,ual con1l""" i"",i"D I""",,,,,, the ,,-orld fWd God i; bg' .... ~

" -"17"', ~

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Jbn 12, 18. 2, XI'

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of ,h" "",,,I,, mainlr 11>< SWi.c) ,h,,"&hl, "hid reg,,,,leri gw 3$ imUl',,"cDt ill 'foe "'mkt Quite ron>ciowd)' it is ,,,,wl in Qf, ,h.~t '11", Jogoo of . HLn"all> call """c nd frum 'hc kind of ,hill king cha,· anc,;"it to the """I Ii' tha, which i, chat.e,,,""ic of th. imdlee, ami. I;"~ll). '0 ~ m}'lk~1 .'xp,,';c,",.' of 'he 0 " •. \\'hao C had"'ick ,hd 1101 gras!, , hough" ,I"", a' ~'" I",i,,, "hid, he eo,,,,,,",,,, 0". O ';l« n ,n 'he I ~ a. 'o,u ~""~,, ""fe;; rii 1 of '''g-"db, "f ""·alloll. The J A~O>. 11"·,,fo«, i, both in C,.-t a nd in the """Id It ;" not in hi' ""'" re '0 he ·mid", • .,.·. Hi> onlOlog.,. i, "ot ,Ii.vuted: hi. ,I;',-i"ity is 1I,e ",,,,e a, 11"" of (he h~,er. To bt: ' " 1I,. world lho,h ,0< a "hole and in each .... ional crr~t"'" l'

.un< 0"". "''''''. """';.,,,

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~'" oh~""", tu, "'W-'o"""", ~ly .. ,.J~';' .,r ,,","ur,;oI ~ ".""'"'", l ~ 'he

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~ """'" of ,~ro.. M mA. 23, PG 17.1 '6 ; MP>. 21, PG

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III Orig"" there i. no '1 " "";(1) ~l~)", doe oat",c of tLe Log"" hjn~.., lf. Hi! n~lUre "' the divine one,

IU

Chn" ",me 10 thj, "'.. 'oo! from Ubioo, of Illi Q"to".... bon n",,~d hy ., >l", .. , Fr h. w.. ',,, lfu· h," of ('""I': a,wl "'hiou, or creat;"" ",ill, or ere·

a,j,-" ne, of God, ' h" I.ogu; h'"

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bttn in ,I" ,ti,U" being.

Tlw concept ion of di,·',," lra.,,,,,,,,ode,,c" r.maulS IW)\)) ;" ,ac, and ,,.,.. r,,1 in ad" ml>m, j"g [""11''' in ,hi, ''''). 'n ," ""n", ""n« I',i.,n allo'" fo r " dear elf ' 0 m. Cos",o[og)".

The'" i. on." fu,a) ""int whic h ,h'H')') l>< m .~ e in p ~~"'i"i"g Cod, World ."d T iU1e, M,d tl>tir mutual ,d.. ion, in ,hi. ,","hOIL It i; 1I>t a)!peamucc or ,i ", o ,,·;th ""I""" h' "mll~"' , Rt'gardin8 'he ... ""mon ,b." Tri'OI)" ak,,'" ""11>«nd. all u,ue, "h~rea, ',110' n'" of Ihi,, it should"." Ti,,"c ;. '>OTtlcthing' ,;" whkh i. cI"""l)" ~~ opiie we art not in the pi""" "h,"" ,10h:nce !ill God , u"rum ,h;" and and ao" imo i, '" G,~I the

,-

i"",.,.-"""

GOlf, 1'""""'~",Iound up ,,';110 Ilor I'''';,e Slo;" philosophy ""d i" ,h,d)" I/'SfJj"'''' .. ~U). from. a nd ~ri"g> '0. ,h e co", of Ilci, panic"i," philo>Ol'h) . I .h all argo' o th31 although tI,e,"" i, a cor",in ring of the Stoic ,;,,,. iD Origdfpruduced rich h,,_ "em ."d mell "'en: like god ... Thl< wO< foUoVl'e ."cml" to ,k~l ,,'i,h ,ho qn",tioll "f,i",e a. ,,,ch , S'owcu,' ad,I",, the ,< bi.y C~ t\o>'" I., unde,-"",.d ind"l>O'."M" i. ,e"'lK>ral i, .ubject lOphcr> an; i" agr"em~n' tha' t i m~" unCl,, ",cd. " lIu' ,h,' I~ .",n;e !' '' 'I>(JrI of ,h i, 'en'at;"n· is onl)' lh,- d,)"nlO'" "i,h Actioll. ,hot i. , true c:u"!8.

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'" i< .)"uonynlou. with Fuoc1ion. " God', pent"';"" al",-ap; compel, him 10 acl," ,,,,d h~ ca'''"" [00. cone,·;,'lo. 11'1>< "'. ;n ",.,....,. ,I.. h''',-en.., he ",,,,le ,hi, 'nul!" "h"-ia~ c..-........ M"",I« f'It>_ 1181a2 / : "" "",h. / .. .1...... fu""""-,, 1 ' - Ill, I: IV. I; John I~ ,""""," ,,~ J), ."....' _ AI.....( VI. 1:1; VI. 21, VI. 21, I '. 1~1.

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A';"otlc '...-:a,.-:d tb., pr"bkm of ,ime r"cing a I'A,\ "",~n, of 'I u~." ,ion, wh ich arc rcLu«l 1() i,." A, ' he onlX' he ;ta,C' ' hm ,illle could no, I", " i ,lto"l change or motion.'" l",cau,,", i, ;. "'~) 'hroug b ' he ditlC"·,,, "age. of lllotiOl' or cbange ""hin our mind an; abl" to conc.-: i" e of ,ime.'" Although 'fa ... - a lld 'w,," art' ddi,, « 1 by ,illle. ,iUle ~roper i•• omething co",,,,,.. bcc~lI'" ,illlC i. lIot defined by ,illle." Il encit'b ,,'e cou"" '" H e"," 10 Ari,t"dc tilll< i, " " uml>< 'in 'ime', ,h"",fvn;, m"'"

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~ For ""'''pl,,,mologir,,l. nor "w-n " ~"'hologio::oJ ,,!)e. He ,ef.", ' " d,e '~VN' of ,ioo1otl.-. t hen-fon·. ,,-hat is of "ntological priorit) '" i(h "'''I>etUr'i,a",;,,1 diff.rente i" I thillk. the S11/"".""" If. hll>othc,;c"Uy, the S",ics held time p"'f'I'r to be in ....., ,,,,,, a ,,,,,,,I.,,,,. 1he" 'he "Illan".' (""""'" ,,'hid, eo"so ito ,.,. 'h e "n,M, i, 'Iit>rt. In com"",. to the S,oic> the omo1ogi"~1 CT, how".",.. is b) nO ""an; a ",ali,)' depcmknt upon rnotioo , T he S'o;" d.fini,;"n in "'" "-.)' ell",jI, [ha' ,ime cannot exi'1 " 'i,Iou,,, m",i",,_ S",:Io " oond",;"n

,,,, "" .«on'" i. 1h" ""n cession a ''''''"'''~'1.' eorolJ .• ,)' 'b." 'llli, argumen( i. somlll ooly if time i. rcg,rJed the ,\ru,,)tt~"" ' "If";n , "' hieh nlCa," tha( ~ tunc ,honid "an all "'= '10ut. lu COl"""'. if time io it< ~ ... ,"" ;" all ,,"InU;"", , b"", ;" nothing '0 ."g_ geM (h", ,h~ ".ill "«in again. T b;' ex'enoio" is i1lfini'e i1l both di=_ rio",,_ "" ,he Sro;", c>pt;caled , I ~)i(\ ~ ,ha, ~)is i. a mai" n'ago" "'h)' 'h"y .eem to h:,,'~ no! '~'.1! ",-ith th< qn,,,tio,, A /M•

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'" It uid ,he" be ,,,,,,..mabl< 10 argue , ha, .he po"myru of an ocClIrn::nce lying in the illdcfLDit< futun: ;, a dM>.; "'hkh implie. a 1iIwl, co" ceplimo of ';n1e. T he,,- i, onl) 0"" 'a,,' for ,"yd;..-") lime 10 m•• kc ... ·"sc' !hat i.. a /;ypolNliaz} eclectic aUj,ude, acmrdi ng 10 which the St";c 1101;011 of

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11l",~rialicgumi ng or !at'< ag;.in. Tb" ... Ihe,.., ;, no .bwl,,1t· 1"'gi1l. ning "nd time proper "",,'" (0 b" "'1""".,1 in n q-clic ""hem ,~ .. in th, mol fOr .. Ion!! "' ""litet/,;"8 " ... u,",,,,L "".I )"" ,,-otol.] .. ) that the lill'" '" ~acL c"'" ,.... the _ , ' , i>t oot,~d"r ~- ...,tI ,, · ,. tI,i. acoon'p"nimnlt co",,, • .rier """iou. or " ,he .."". lime ~, i" or t.·for< it rtf "" 're i, 3.1') kind of ~ O("" 'I "n i" ", ,, ,,'~i c h con,,,. heiQ..., iQ, ,,'hkhe,~'" ""'Y be w.1, i, ;, >aid to be in tu"", If 'loi, i. "", ,in" "iU be ~" .... "'mp"" u;"'otio,,, of ".Ii'Y ,,,,d '''''''''''lIig at< clo.~J.,' ...-b'ed . 'n", gcncml "Id S,oic tM\M ,.-~, ,Wit it i, ,," l)' t.o.~e' "hieh are re..! ,.. ""I ",gardil'g OT~)' ",1", i. ac, · illg Or "d1;";,,!!,.. Hcoce th..,' would "'Sou-d ,ime '" reHI onl), otic.

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th e)" IL,d 3flLm>< a body. Sioc" lim e i. 00..;0,,.i,hcd (h"", degr~., ~f reality: tl>< hm Iheillg> "' "·e.... ,,'e'e l ,hQ"ld """ •• ", Tl.., 'he S.oic. "K~nkd lime ~, on incorporeal ,,'hich 'cxi""d j" thollgh" (' "'" or the ""'" ~ dO'k"""" I.. ,~~," ineocpoc.....nd inc' ;", 'Ilu.;,,;.,

fu" what Aicxao Klcr of Aplo""hsi>. bl.mod 'ho S,oiC! fOT: ho poi""d O"t their irL~bi~ty to ,Ieton";'" ""hal ;, '1>do": OrigeJl 'h" problem of,i"", had 3 totally ditfCrcTlt content from the c~rly Stoic Onc. To Z.bip of ethiC' and J>h)~ico ha. el uded ~1are"•. ," Mo"i,'1; 0". I , hall . 1", m:, k ~ a hrief ",f,·"'",,, '0 110,i" " ,' ,k" of ti n' ~. T o hi,,, 'u~e ;, o,,'olo),'ieaJly M~u~d '" Ifro ,I", bfrId !"otiou, "';Ihi,, 'he Soul", ,,,c h. Th" So ,,1 pariah, of both ,he 'piritu,,1 " 'orld abd 'he n",,W!' JO

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205 Thi, . I",""""". ;" =,e.tly th. 0\1>o';t.: "f ",ha, Ta,ian act\L'U)' ,10:.>< •• For it to tbo: 'phe""""ona!;,,tic' and "Uhjtttili"ic' concqnion of time tha, Ta';"" co"'«"p",o",I}, ..dIU' ''' .....g:'''hng i, a' an ilh,,;on. TI~ ,'ic,," hrill!ro T~ti:." cl".., enough IQ ,I,.. ,\,;'''otciWll Alc ...,,"n ini,iated li'n- on. Th, ,-ari'gation On , it i, que"j"" durilt g ,ha, earl)' period of f:bri:s,i;",i1), can 1>,,,.,,nt"'ioll or hi, 0"·,, idea of tinlC. l\ncrthcb>. bc)'ond "-h,,,,,-,, migh' be ....g:"'1ed of St,,;C origi". T ,hall "rgue ,hat the,... ;, " 1l1l~lue ro~ ­ tril~, 'ion of Origt:n him""lf 1""-..o:J.s th,' f""n.tion of" .... d>Call) n",.. CO rl COP' of'ime . T h" " .'" "c'HaIl)' a f.'. t ,,·hioh had a cl",i';,." ,,' ill no' .dll ",,-kdgcd a, y~' impllC., ()Il 'he C hn.tian ",;'c'> of lh< rCD,,,,i,,, ru'n him, " b n:a"'n.~Lle '0 a"wlle !hat Orilc;'m "I:',i,,,( it. Thi, """ l>O,ing ~"y tu! It« "-.-all",, Oil ,[me prupcr. Th" a .tu,l) of lu, "" ,;'" " -od< (por_ ticula.-ly 'hat I'""",,,,'ed in the Grod: o,igillal ,eginuc,," "'ern; 10 be ""'1'. dUll ,;01"",1 )' r~IM'''''' the kiHgdoru of he",,"'" which c"" """d "ok,,,,,,' "1"'41;'C_ ., ."nt lof ~ I~""",ic m.row. ~ of ctnui,)", uor ", " bcgi""iog (,A" "h)' Ari"",di,, " """'bit'). Qui,e ,..,mark"I>I)" ,be """1>0",1 siRnjlic,1,iott or i. is pojn,.d up ,hrough du' s1 e,,,,,,,;, tt) I", «:au,," of 'he l-",!,os "'hid, ~ i. "ith him' >1 ~' ilI h.w" rot,,,ioo of G ltmponoJ '",ad' i. tlot wa)' aim,!! "'bid, "" i011.>I ""'.>tu""'" ",ill 'walk' .,,;'-i,'!! "",,,,,Is .. The ""'1'10)'"'''''' of 'hi' f~u-", of 'I"""d , " IK)tioll of ,im~ in God. ;'()\ o nl)" I"".,,"" hcr" ,h" timdc.",,,,,, of ,he ,b" in" life i, again Slrc,,,,,L b ut ~I,o hccau", ' he "'onl n- i. ll>ce. tl"" i. to i,,'orprct thi. ,,,,by' i" a ",ay CO" " ","ut ",i,b hi. f" nd" m 'nt~l \'i"" of th< ~t "'ho a", «,

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''''11 "'1l1!1()1d u, '",,,, ""' .... >J ~q :l!"!lp·WJl .u 1""I!..t:"~1' ,,o~ .lfUOltldo..>:-,; ''4' UO 'J 'I .J" '-lJ ' ~J'P "'LL '!""Idw) " I.wn,,>d '0 'iw~", JO 00"".. " 1' ~J"' H 'I ~'~" !"" ~ "e"I"~1 '~")tJ A1" ~"'~fl .. 001 ' l"lU)lU ~"' !' '1"""'" .>.Ill,,,,, '! 'I' ~.)IJ"" '" '11 l"'UlS ";,'P'I U~'''' '' ' ! 'I v",n '\lIm,,~u )011 .~ .'P""- \lull '4' ,~" P:UO '4' "1 ,,[.. "11 41~" p.~'ow ~ 'u" pU~ ·p....'o'" ,,~, .,,~ .. w"""d ." \l ~'I' ",Om ,oJ P'" u, "" 'P I"'~ '''''0 "! "" J!~-" ''''''''~ ll ~_' !"'" ·JL'[ "b~, p,m "J!I 'fT!1!uP.l 'q' 1'''0_'"''1 '! "-"'!-.IO ·.'~Ul I! ... '"4' "11 '''''!'Oll' JO " " ,ob,."o) ~ ·""!,,,m lUO-'j lit' !II"'" '''NllJU~ ,m ,-" au,,, ~u~) ."'~, m~' ..." ....1" H!" "1 '''IOlS '4' 0, ""J '1-)"' I""I~ ""-.. '1.JJ~tn ld ' ,"1',"1" "1~OP 0, u""'" " """'P 'lllnOllllV ''''''''S "4 ' ..",cJ!>l P~IP."'I 4>JC"'Ld 1"'11 "",,,,u,.fO p\l'~ '41 ""' ...... ,,ll~ P!W -"I 1'1""4' "'!Odrud . ''''1 """"I'" >tll . JO ",nru"" ."".uti ~ ",,"{Ill' I"'~ 'I 0) p..>llc,"" " '.)." " >':)IOtS' '''P '~ 'I' 4~""'1' ' l\,,!-"~' '! 'I ' II~ ,~ '''1d '~Ul I''''''I'''! I"'" ,,",U ,.- -"1 CUJ UCl _ '"~, 0.- ''',,! " )U' ~! \l "O~ ~ L II '" JP"! ' l "'~ l """;rI-'""'I\i'-~ l\ ->!O'S ')(LL

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..,.,l,. notio" of '0 i" roo ..."n... of "hid, h", "0 dimc""o,,', In lhi, con'f ,hi, ",orld' , or the "' n,c,,,,,, of lifc ', made ill 'ht romm~:pJ., Fr. IX an,l ""p",.', IO, ,,,,ph.. , h. ;u,eU"",u.1 d;" ;",,oo" I~'\"''''''' 'I""'~ ",,,I tim •. It ~ 'hrough d.., ,,,.:ilili,h,,wl)1 of time ~, a P"" "r ' he malo·."p "r the ""()rid 'd"" lg 'c hangeahle ,nd cou,-crtible by ' he '''I)' couditi on "f i,,, bei"g cTea'ed for ",IMt '"'' uot ."d bocga" '0 be i. by ,Iti. '''ry faCl ,hown \0 be f ~ chanl(l'~bl" naw",'.'" 1\ho. 'ra,ion,,1 naw", ~ ch:"lg'·"bk· ""d c"",,"rUble','" ."d i, " .. '''er..",,,, foe (;00 10 ma ke a hodil)' na""". c-"I~,blc f ch:mging ,,' ,h. ",;0, by an ahe"";on of 'Iuaii,ic>, i",o e'.-cr,-,hill g ,h., oircurm'ancc. migh' requi"'·.'" \fha, i, called '"",en",,' of lh,. "'odd pro,;,I,., ,he .." . "og for ' he drama f the world ,hat ;", the drama f G(>d', rtla· rioo.hip ,,'ith r~li",,~1 (",''wo,' ro 'ake pINt: !h make stn'" a-",I '0 I.. ruliud_ ~'or ir i, ol,.,ious ~",' b~rdI)' oo"ld e",~", ,,,Il-' f"'I:dom mak,' se" "" U. "'o.')"olld change "r altcratiQtI: certainly i, i, ' '',' ,,,,,ide ll lal th., the ,,-rm 'di",e'»;"II ""-" i, ""ooci~"-d ",'i,h ,he lCnn 'cal"" (n ,den'IIC' '0 'he lIat< of 'he di" ine rrality.'" ':'''I)1hillg in ' he di"i", life i< IInch.,,~1 oince it ;" ""rlttL 'n\;" i> "lty. at """,heT po;",. the word is liS """m, "", c , r or he ,mphasi-e, tha, hi, )~"po ..: i, 10 cn" ..";', ,, thcological ,·i",,-. , "0' ",>0'" CO",.. (0 a PO"'I ,"'I,;"h ","'Cms to h",·c 1",1 i, tll .. it C~I\ rK'"' I", conc!ll,i""ly .. Iablishu," tim" to be oTigill'1. T h" .., h"""-e'",,c_ at( arige,," "',,.,, u",. I'or i, ,,·a. Origell " .!to di=~)' iuf]""n«-d th. Lw ... How "ugu.lilO(· c.l r"~ in ("nmc, wilh Origo·n'. ""riu,,!:> ;, "0 "')">1ti" . w"-' ahle '0 a,..,r .IL" ,ime i! a d;'lmlw, .. . "..,11 a; cl,,", time is some,hing di>I, ohli'I"" ,..-f,·reno',

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'.,,,,,,,he1i ne" i, "agt'"' "" h. c.", '''Y nci ,h~r ,hal 'h e,", n1O,'''",en'' ""0 ,ime nor th'" 'he)' ar" '101, Fiu..uy be oottT,,, 10 ... "Ie fi>r 'he \.icv.. ,h" 'h"y arc mw. Y'" of" ki",1 of it> ",,,,, i, i; a sor, of qua,;.';me. ~ 'lO,ion e",plo)",,1 in o"l,.e '0 pIl ' 'he ange l. h,,' n'CC" time and 'b" sI,,,,ual basis. 1'. I~ ... mal:"" ,b':u!." ",...,;on is ;ronil:; for the ""'" ccptioD of tunc in O rigc n ;. 'Xi1Lt!J tM opJto.iPk ,,, wh," l'la,. ,,1tc~< •. I" fnct. lI"'il use,1 Origcrt', concrp,ioD (a. well '" hi. tcnnu."IC>g)·) io onler to pob:ucici' [.n""m''''. nllO oo",,,,,,i,,,,,1 'h'" '6",,.' i, i" it",lf '"".,ion· . \\1,,,, I'l... d"", h~n' i, '0 ..."ibe 10 Orig' " a "'''''"1'';'''' whil:h ;, diam"ric-..ll} Opl>o,i'" to ' hc 0'" h, 'cally held . I think tl~" Augustine", falling into ""'ploy;" g "'''''pl,''",ic pe,_ ccpti"", ;" du" 10 the fact ,hat he "'''' profou "dlr i"Uucuccd I>r Ongen, hu, I," ,..", "(Juany u" "hk '0 "r~)reda"· bolo' deeply a.,,1 '-""'· " ti .. tl)· the \" 'op]",,,nic "'c,,· "f t;n.,. a, dim",,,,,,, tug i, a"".""" ,,'h y ill c"m,a" to ,,· hm 1~'I~"'rlS u, OrigCll tho p. ych"logical ''J'C1. It i, nubeT in "aiu 'ha< C,,]l--.h,u a((cIHp" '0 rd.te , bo ' en" "., t, ".....,n' _ ',,'U,," . 11", the 'f",~c,11 """. fo""",;",, ' of 'he 1\""pl.,o"ic oOT11io" of 6,,,,,,,,,,,, i",o a ""Iie.II), ,mIcr",,, "«(j",, i, u"oo"b,,,,U) ." "ccomph,hm,ut ..,f O,il«""

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...,., "bk to employ ,h;" ,,' ''ce for 'he "mpk reOo, , hat ill eolltr"" '0 man)' II""lon! sehol.,," he 'en"'U)' .bm, in depth 11,,· (";,..,~k alti",deo. Tloj, c;,~n ,,,,d d"a..,igh,ed fan,ili"riry "ith thi" thoughl ,.1Io".d hi'" '0 challengo· Cp:oce.,iUlr. l'le did uot refu'r ,uch • p"rc"P'~!Il la romruo"I>late ill mudem ,,:;"1I)" God 'OS,oh", wi,h all Olc ~nd 'n'''-'I]>O''''1. A IX'"iw, .,.,,"', in I""n tmno1:",,,,, ;" """Il 'l uoting:

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\10T«»e< tho",.l d;v;n,' lift· ""er 'h " ",ll;'" " ·,,rld. "hi,iflf".a" ", of CO'P"",ality .nd i",eor· porcalioy, 3) the u,,,ion of mm"m4ma ,,·hich 'hc Stoic> ,li,1 nOt bold 0' all' ; ~ Il d 4) the ,Iill"crcllt coll cq>1ion of wbat i, md, The f''''' , hat ,ime i; DOl a hod)' no prohlc"odcnCf'). T hi, ;" ,,'h., OriS"" r.n, 'the al,," nIi,;'" of thc fo[lowcr< of ZCll O a",1 Ch'pipp'''', docL.rill!! he ,I"", n", ,u,,,,in "e,,·s ", h k ~ woold I e~'e ... ion 'hough ;s nol a rompl,.,«1 e",,,tn,e "n,;1 it< cod, \I'ha, w~, "",atod ".'" /lwlf"!m/i/t. 'h" f"" ,dt)' of 'he ,,-orld ex;";",, and f"nniotli,'8 in ,hi. 'I"",f..- ,tlO< the future . Thi. i. ,",'hy Origcn con.mcr< ,ime "-, ',,,etched 0'" alonpi'k ";th' (hc ''' noe'"",' of ,Iu. "-,, rld . Future ;" in from, i, is '0 be n:alil.Cd, buo i, i. not realized yet, T;o11h ,\ri"otdi",,, "",I S,,,i,,, idcir'l!'i bo:,," " (I,,' In", 'n" tnbo' in8':'" a"d m.ko, de", thal Coo 'made .11 Ihi"g> h numb... anrl mC" ,UfC: f,,, tv Co.-l ,he", is "v,hi"8 either ,,-;,hou, t of driug>, 1,0"''''>:', ",hid...... ex",,,,a] '0 ",e T rh,j,)", mw, l.-. ""","".I by ag£ and I'pO-

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F I Co f,oo' ,I", pruplt~, E1 "otion, Tb< ",,,"',,, i, 01",\ hi, 01..,,-,1"" mo- or C"~D "'0'" ma)' I"~'P'"" 'n long ",cunin~ pe riod> of ';m. ,'''' '11"", he bold;; 001 a meld), na,um! C01ttjo" of time. b,,, ~OO a 'Dor~1 co"eeplioll of il. ' ;'lCmic P""'"" .. " "h"lc, ,,, render nmure "' holly ,r.w>va,..,.n 1o lu"k,...,andiug. ,\11 l'ruticul:.r> W,·..., '0 I.. unders"'od ;" ""..", of ",,' ur..1 u,"'·«'I,,1 I"",. Thi, ..., oraJ conc",>!ion of the nocaning of hcing imo ,I,,' ""rk! h~d • r,m· ,bmc ,, 'al implica1ion : in ,uch an cxi"cn' ial ""i",,~: man ,''' ndo iml'~rtial in 'he natu r:t! protco. a"d what r"mrum to hil" i, '0 know wh" ,be co. mic pro."" i•. There i> n" ,,'olu,iou 'ow."b ~n)" fm,d gw t. ,her~ ;. onl)" an etl cnd ,I",ugb ' hen: i> • t""k to be accolUl'li,I",d : thi> ra,k will be ca"i« 1 ou' ""d 'he g"") "ill be "ached only ;b ,u"e an,l ,hrough ,jme. '" I ,lwU orgue prei! '0 ba,,: """,e ,imilari,)" '0 'he S,oic orn:. ,he.., ;"" 'ho ...."gh dilk..,OCf 1.·'''''",,0 ,he", . The S'oics "'-"K"'dt'(] pmio.- all ""al,[i >ln:.1 "alUf'~ la,,· Iro", ,,'hid, Ih0..,. ",.:

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OIJ)" ill a. ", ""h '" Ihc)" an, l7"Wm, III """"'JMtZ h, rrjum m.li..,n, Thi, i< OtiC "f the n 'a>on< (thoug h not Ih~ princip"i ..,nc; "h) i, i, t hf\>u~h alld IIl ",u!;h lil;"''' (/;uvarnv "",illnv !W""~m~ tl\v " oo... \lJivtIv 0(', "h"r~lion, ~l>d ,ransformatio n'" i",,, a"),,hing 'he Cr""' or d,,,i,,,, and i, capable of I"""""iug ru,) 'll~,li')' ",jnd, 'he Anifit,,' ";,h,,,", ,.. Hence ""h.~ngc> occur i11 ' he 'l ,,,,~'i co of boo:lico" .. ~h) God', ",ill a quali,), of onc kind", impo.cd "I>Ob , hi. p;,ro;e"lar mancr, bu, ,oiler",,,,,!> it "ill h~"e a 'I"ab.) ofa,,,,thcr kind, on.\ k ' uS sa)" "hieh i< I..,n," ~,>d

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Th i, ,,"n,,;,;01' '3ke. pl>rS>iblc ,h. , 0." ,,'1>0 i,,, scro of AI>r.b.", '0 "",on" 01", " child of hi" oJ''''''gh diligroc., . ,od i, i. I"""iblc f",- 0." ,,1>0 i, • dtiJ«d, b. being Ollouutaiu,' " will he 110" ",,"'e «ay:o, .. Eooch " ."":.,,,, Sa (;00 is '~If., ... led a, "c",.HQ' ""d ,,' i.. , ami p',,,,.-ici'" • """ e';,,1 bod)' o,uy in CH" puni,hmCnl and '~""""iuto i, ,,.c,,,,,",,,,. \\1, .. Ori!!"II hokh i. thm o" cc a m,ioua) Tr-'ure ha> ber" e",.'«!. he ".iU h< ,hro"gl1_ " ,,, ollhm< ........ .", but :.110 i" .he ... . n'" . aC< ~CPl ""~r ,,",;1 the ~C"" ,n co"'". C ...m"'~nti"g 0" ,he Psalm JG. 8 ," \,ill th" Lord ,'»\ off;'l ,he .ron':'. M~ O''Ito 10 1.-flCCuu,,, aeom ;" un,le"'ooom~,h illg

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"nu. ' dur.li,m · j, oakl to be ·t h ~ng.-lc" on/.,. I'\·hilc ;t I..~,. I\ll'hc;o:a"",";",,, an' erroo',""u,. I" Orig«" "an, ic-ipa.,,,,1 by tIl e e"""tic.:"· Ub\·~)u,J.,. J. Ilanidoll Ill i>r",,,'mcd 3 I""'''gc ill a.o.'''" ,,- here "" allegorical ""eg~';' of biblical rempon,1 ,,,n,,. i, protided. On 'rll't. W; 1~.Ii"". "'''ef>O'!le«:,,;ou of f~»i t~>n. in time th at thcft= .. 6"" i, [,cnorn'«l amI I~"_ tray« 1 tbfo"r~)~l "f li me. Tit;, ;, " 'h) C ullmann ~ctu.lIy """",d;et> hi",· >clfw""n h. r'1' .....' '',,, t;nu, a, a line . 1'0 1' onc< h~ (loo, Ilot "=I't th e u'!Cp"",blc com,,,,,,io" of tUlle P"'l)C1' to 'Vate. 'here ;. nO log_ ical atg"'''Cn( for lu,," 1o grow,d ,b ~ vie.... ,It~ , ll,i, Ii_JO\" ,'UR l!"!"!,,,, W" '" I'v.d ~'{I ' '''I"o!'u>lX> ,~ Il,,,,,,,d >l{1 P'PJcii.>.J ~ II ';)W!' .10 ""1"""' II"J "4 ' "t"cii~ p.,,'R.o~ ,~tP ""'10" 10c""iOl' uutil our day.'" We ha'" al,...~, i )' ..:en Ih~ 1 h,' (10", 110' id. co"" il"'" ~ " objrt,;";stie ,·ie.". of ,i me "o~.dope'Kic))1 upon mO/ion . He ... i, ,,'h~, co",i""" ~ "ep beyoll,i tI'e acrow'" of G"",k philosophy, I'lawnisls. l'e";J""ctie •. P..pie""""" and C\("{tplaton;,,, b:,,1 to gi'" att .">CCOU"I flh< rdation of time 1""0\)'" '0 ""'ILvn, In them all (d"pile thoir dineI"1im, ;It 1'TiN:, in 'h c be!(inlt;ng of ih)k Ill, Chaptcr I. tha, ;" n, ,he nu""t of hi' eXftO"it;on of hi' doctrine of frtt will .' h ..ho"I,1 It,. cmpl,:"iz.,] ,10:" ,I", r'; ", ,;oo tor ,I", d"",iJirati"" or mo,;"u i, ,b . ,."." of il.' Mo,;,on 'hen, on .cco,,'" of Ill';< imagin"I'''' n,">re ;nal Cl'ealO"" is ."I~ "'e o"gh, '" ,Ieal witb each of ,h em. i, Ou r "',k." It ;" Ou' of the", con,i,km_ ,io11l of mOliou, ,I"" doe id,.. "( J "dge",cu t m,ke. >cme. For ,",h ~, ;. mainly co",;ticITd '" motion ""n' from 'he frttdom of rmiou.>! C'~" 'Hf"' . On ',cco",,, of ,lci •. no ,..~oi"nal cn""'''~ can pcr....".1"''I''"".bil;t)"

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0, i""eOU ' .n) eau"" lh~' ','aeh "nc ha, ixC Ol way io the pre>eot "8", he ",.ill aI", so ib rn" futu .., a. be ;0 ["'" d~1 on ,he 1''''1 ageS' H., d"pe!l...,J 'hitlg; '0' a ,;nojl., " 'ay ," re,!"'C1 10 all rati01,~1 ("". n" ..,,',"

l\C\'Cn bd= ' h"n: i, • UoriOll of eau.aIi,)" iu thi; "o"""l"iou of ,i",,,, I.c' '" ,h"u >co 1"", of hi, 'l!'00>~""" d • .!"" .... ical lall-' of u'''",''. If he ;, OH ' he fofth lloor of a buildi"8 a"d jun' p" "''' of the ".",,1011, he ,,'iU fall do,,'" "",I bo: "'"",'ded or kiUed. Hi> hedo", doeo "'" eh'ail 'hn' he i,; 'fr"" no, to bt .ubj "'" 1l1~\!P J" "o!,,' n ~ " ~l"() ,0.11 "! "4J. ",,~u"lipnr ' .1>0:) ,, 0. 'I'u.>" CI" """ .'w'1' ''£'''-''1 c "'IP.

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331 Th" condu';()Il ,I"" epitmiL", the coucq>tio n oomp'..,;oo I", p""ide, lol' ..u .nd exhon:. aD 10 b< rUf,,1 I') ",h.t.,·... """,,lie! lhe)" "") . .nd ,I .. n. fO .. Io-a tion.'"

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"oci,,", ca",ality \In,~,,Ii,,,,. ,h" ..,l>,,,,,"i"1 ""'I,le""" of the "con, i",o

Tlti, (h" con, innou, ",,"n~on of'imL " al>o (Jlldedi" •• th at al'hQllgh in principlc tilllc i. percei,-c,1 a. all ", a MhmJ " I"m .00 ,Ittpl)' ;,,,,,I,-ed ;,t mt,,#'.uai oon,ide",,;(>Jt,. since (Ici. i, ,he ".,,,,., "he,,' (I ... rli\'ine " 'ill along wilh 'he m;a""dr on.- i, ",,,Ii.c,L Th"., (he nO(iQll' f I) coutill " it}" of time, 2 '1.-.:niC"di" dj",olltim,i(y of "1",oc a'MJ 3 ,mi· «""ut)" of !latul'< of rntional c",a'ure. ~1I pla)" a ';~'UrlCall( rol< iu (h. C_"I'''''ilion of (hc concqnioD of th,' c.. u~~li'r ""d it> dcq>Cr ,;grutic~"

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T h",,' ar~ ",no", I'~."-"" for O rigc " 10 . 1""" fvl' (h;" ca"",~()" in time . 1 10",,, al",ad)' lllcr ,,,caning 10 freedom ,nd. tberefort, ,,) timc. 'l1u, i< "' h)' tcm" like prop/!-.y. pro.tIiM. Mpt. "P«lI1IUJ •• ,foijiJ/m"'l ,,,,11.:..'''''' are ",..d. If the .... "'-n' no oncntation to".rds (he r,,(ure and no h"P'". ,he" rre«lom sI>o,dd I~· ahsoJooci) me"";,'g1itic di,tinctiou ,ir. ... n 1>t'''l:"" "...tf "",,;,le ,~. ",-'hl$ ,,,d koo., ]"ck",.rt cOIlu'"diew,y al all. 11 f""h," pro",. ~\., simplistic ,ljs· ti'1o.Jing fonl1 l1litiOl'. afT WC"l< ",lid 1101 i,,,ru,i,.,. ill 'OCTm. of phi. 10,,~,hJ" "f It ;,,,,,,. ,\, .n~ '"",., 1',,,,,,,,u,,1 cn-llm·ly mo",,,,em le.'". ,,11 p"SIaid tha, if ~ eau'" an"" Ihcn Ihc ,1f",t "I'pco",- The C"~ " ~ ' ,loco (·x.,! all 'he lim~. Ikre '0""';' r"", moral actioll i1-Ocrpc,u"l .

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337 So ,h •• cau.al.,)", '" filII)' £xi>1'"g in I'm~. d,'ermi" o. Ih. COli' cep tion of ,i llle i""lf nud i, i. a eous,i" ,, '..., demem of errn,ioll. Ilu, O"Cc thi, ,,'" ",~bli,h~d. God i, Ut1 I"",ial. ' 11"". ahhollgh ~,. 1'1:')' exi''''II,"," "f ,hi., I, ,) i, 1>1ing , hat something . I ~m)·er..\lorw,-.:r. if ',be ",idled are """""':00 from It... ,,"'Om!>"" ~Jld th,' righ,,'c .hal l pr,,)" r..". a ",.,,>.W ,ime. I "m t.e,,'uv. d,;, or Ih., "1'.... , I,i", '061io"t:SSiow! ilI\I"lf~'" i, ,ba, Ihe .... L";o"

hc''''c",,'' m"n ""d God i" PF~),", ;, COtocc;,..,d a, a ",.5ali:t ....1.1iCCll ci'ha from the poi'" of ,ic,.,. of time OT (hal of ';mcle"· lien. "11,< fm. i. 'lui.e . imple. >ince thi . n::bti(~l i. realize,i "' ti",f': (h~ ...,.,,)0 ofpmyer ",ha,",,'", 'hi' mal" be, tbat i, f,dfiUmebt ftLe pcti1io", or !>o(1 i. n"dcNiooo;l 10 corn. ajItr pm)"'. 1:1"1 10 iCe ,hi. ,-dation from a "md,,» po;'" of I'ie,,· i, .~tT(mcly diAicuh. inck:l imfX>'l>i 1,le_ Acrordi1lg t" a cooO.i~rolXnl.

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i, ,h., t h. of 0",1 i, ",,(uaU~ ",ah«d ill dialectic,.] rcbtioll to I'F"yccom ••"ch .. ,hi,. J ,,;ll .. od 'Iti, mini i. ",0' impli,od

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"""..,aril)". Th",. Origc" "'gaol, ,he f"",," "wn' a, the """" f Goo:l', forcimowlcJgo of it.'''' Tit", meal'" ,h., ' he di,i"" foreknowl _ edge is ,b,' "J~IJ of ~'" r,,(1 an e""" will ,,, l e 1'1.,." in ,be It",n"", ! le ..... , ,,, this caso ' ,I,,' ,. ~" ... ' is fmlnior to (h,' ,..,,,,It. Il""wer, th e tern, 'f,,,,,,,, ' applie. Ol~Y 'Q a Wlnpr.>l p'' ' of ,;.-w alld ,hi. ea"",.li,)" ,,· ltort tlt e . uccc-t h.,-.: hee" ;1a'cJ in , fon" " if 'hey ' had al""d)" ""''',. to I"''', namely I'rt" T"n", '" Trini,)· ""'. ,h"m as already ha,ing OOme to 1""" \,,~,6. 'i5~ ~,·i.vo, , by ,-i""c of 'he fac, ,ltat ' ,in:Il)' ,hi,: c,-"n in regard f our vi>iblo uui,-er:;c. tha, d,e ll otion of JimuIhmt"lui.)· an: baoed lJ p" ,hi. prc1lli..:, i, i. ,~k ll for granted tha, God'. ' uo,,~ a o!!icc,i,-dy tb<

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an)" m of'e ,';ewed:.os (j",ddS or ..xj". illg ill adl',,,,,,e, 'h" to '" ac1u,lI)" "'P""""" what 'he Ih.otvgian n;all y held .00," 'h, ,\i" ioc ,,;11 . AppcalillS '0 '''''' of God', ·rel'e"'"oc~·. Still he ", akes " "C'Y timd"'''''", al 1"""', wh;d "'oDld b< I'a,~ "",;",,, '"ell1ion: (;":""1(>0

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n limil~,io" to f=do ", i, hu, an Mbitnlry corolbry, rc:tched ,,"ly ,b rollgh a log;"a] j ump. I Ihink ,I"" lh< di.,jnI) Action",

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.. Cl. JK I...·M, 'Tlt _ " "" hill. I.,....",. 19J:I; Ch. I' . .. cr C': h h»l>«fIp""'d ~ ~ If God', """".~;. ,;u." timt· ......... ,~"". con ]" kno.,' t ruth, "'h",h dd ,., d", flv" . ...r t;... ' er "",",,,, l"ik. G.i ... J ......... "', J."n""~. 1910, Ch. ~: ,\nf,,,, r.-;.~ , ~ n ", f,,,, m>lilit, of omni",","""". I'd- l\t. 1%2. "'PfU",,1 Ut Ch. 3 of hi> I.."., .. -r_ ... -''''''' o.Jonl, 19611: S .......""" ~"'~ ",od Im", ... bdi'r", J-,..j 1'+0, ", . 6:l ''''''-' '. 1'1'_ J (l9 2'; 11.'>;. c ..",, «d. -Ornru",o:_ .o.o,l ;"'1 K""un.fill. " 1:td ' i",de,," kllowblgt: _ III Ih~ fLnAl """ I-,-,j,, ,hi, &";"",io,, "".ke. the .... hitrar.,. "' ''''''1>1;01' of attributing time to ' he """,t,,,, God. For thi. di"ill ct;ou can in no """y ",ake ;c,,,e "I'plied 10 G,~l hi"udf thi> ...",her " reb,;,,, conOral poi,,, of ,'io:w. T he co nd,,";on i, 'hI Origel! hold. a conceptio n of ca ,,~'l il y be"... """ ti" " . llcl tilllo lc .. ,,~' •. li e ~'1'OlJ lJ(i, ,hi. LlI>Of] 'he noti"" of hello,", ,... ",,;on.>I C""""'C' , .. well .. On 'he raCt ",," 'heir "ill 0""'''' to a dia)U ",i,h ' he will of (;",1. Tbi> 378.

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""" .. U) impl)' is ,hal ,I,, ·,," i. "" .. ,en,al " 'orki of i"dividual ~nd p"roon.1 in""...,.,r•• ] wul., or mind" " "d th;" ""rid mal ex;,,( either in , mo/loo of c"'l~)rca~t)· or iuc"rpon:"~ty. In ~1Ij" C"'"', ,hi.. world .. though' !O be ",;,hou, I>o. ·11,,· .... fo,..·. ill che q\(e,(;"" ,..~isut a bo 'hi< i; nccl't of time of hi.. ,)"''' for lh< purpo", of hi, 0"'" lheological aim'. T h;" coocep';on ;, ,1",;';"..,ly ,hrollghou, h" entire work. Origen '. concq»ion of ti",e i, far mO'"" ad'''o rtg" ... kd a. a "'ICimt W foJllIW I1I/J s/I)tUWS, 'nO ;" Ong.'" 'his prcdir.,e is m~j nl)' appli,,,j '0

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tautial . ' l>ccIl of l~otiull>' co " cq>1 of time. Orige" "mplo)" prolong:";'>H of ,ime ror I';, ""'n pu"",,",,'. ht co",,.,,,, '0 1'.'8"'" thought , motion in .pace_ti,n" i; ,tt j ll " a n"'_ ural d'~"g of hj, (ho"~" For. "" I ,'ml'ha~.ed in 11... I",rod""liou, ho" a thinker c"n,',"i,'~. of ,ime i. a tom,,,d acrof'(ling to ,hcm ."d i, i•• faclor "'hkh ' ....d,i"'ly . ffe",. 11.., form,,,io,, of th e"" "a,,,II,,, i"l>. So ' he "",ion of ,irn.. both dtlmni,,,, and it iVl6' 11M,J hy all the ~>l>«"'-' of a ccrt.in pIUlOllopb)", or thC (0 dicit an ac,i,,,, r.i,h it< C .... I l)Uijrling on his h~ar "",I ,a,iowl] " ..a"" ... Tlm., for ,10 < "'1101, oftim. to ex;" it i, not uccco;,3r)' the ",hole ilio"I,1 I...cadocians, !>a,.,i,ub,i) &.'\il. ""i,1 "bou, lin ... " ,,'hing mor~ th,,,, Orig" " did . ila,il .imply repe ... " 'hat ,h. A] """,,n ",iU cca", '0 e~;",. The di>,;oc,ion b.""~n "tem· poral ."d '""'I>or.1 o·.liti,·, .11)0".'" ill ,j bt:cau"" ""," ca"," ;'110 exi"~IIC< a. an "kmo", "f 'he "",ke. "p of ,he ,,,.,,,ld, whieh ,,;11 I"we " fin;,c d",a';ol1. ·!kfOrT· or ·afier". '" '0 'pcak . ,hi, ']lIrn,;ou 'here i, onl)" timcl ..."e", 'I'h,· oo"e'l',ioll of tim. ;. ~" • ...,ntial ..J'.""-1\1 '" ,hj, ,h,,'glu. " hieh ph)--a. hackgr,,,,d .....,,-.;1. "XI,,,, .. ,·c, ~> ""1;;11 ., dcep. \\,h .. ;, od",i,..I>1":11)·. "'1,clem eh",,"'ter_ 'n \;, i, illd"",1

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