P-6 (Lixiviacion en Corriente Cruzada)

 

‛RMG^BZUGFIF MIEGCMIK FB UIM  EZGUVCJIK FB HRILIMDI“ NIERKVIF FB GMD. YRÌLGEI W LBVIKRZDGI

BUERBKI FB NCZLIEGCM PZCNBUGCMIK GMDBMGBZGI IDZCGMFRUVZGIK  PZÉEVGE  PZÉ EVGEI IM M°° 0> ‛KGXG^GIEGÕM ‛KGXG^GIEGÕ M BM ECZZGBMVB EZR_IFI“ IKRLMCU

? PIKCLGMC ERZG, Zungmc ? EIMIKBU NKCZBU, Ziÿk

ERZUC

? CPBZIEGCMBU RMGVIZGIU GGG (IG-66: )

FÌI FB PZÉEVGEI  

? LIZVBU :-2 PL

PZCNBUCZ FB VBCZÌI

? GMD. IKNZBFC IZGIU OIZI

PZCNBUCZI FB PZÉEVGEI .

? GMD. IKNZBFC IZGIU OIZI

 IWIEREHC ― PBZß  PBZß  :090

 

KGXG^GIEGÕM BM ECZZGBMVB EZR_IFI G.

GG.

 

CJOBVG^CU Fbtbrl Fbt brlgmi gmirr ki sck sckue uegõm gõm rbtbm rbtbmgfi gfi y ec ecmst mstrug rugrr bk fgidri fgidrili li fb kgxgvg kgxgvgie iegõm gõm fbk iehgctb.

   

Bxtrieegõm sõkgfc -fb kìqugfc bm bm ecrrgbmtb eruzifi bm 5 btipis. Bvikuir bk jikimeb litbrgi kgxgvgifcrbs fb yecrrgbmtb eruzifi.

LIZEC VBCZGEC.

GMVZCFREEGCM. Luehis Lue his sus sustim timegi egiss jgc jgckõd kõdgei geis, s, is isìì ec eclc lc ec eclpu lpubs bstcs tcs crd crdém émgec gecss b gmcrdé gmcrdémge mgecs, cs, sb bmeubmtrim eclc lbzekis fb fgnbrbmtbs eclpcmbmtbs bm um sõkgfc Piri sbpirir bk sckutc fbsbifc c bkglgmir um sckutc gmfbsbijkb fb ki nisb sckgfi, bsti sb pcmb bm ecmtietc ecm umi nisb kgqugfi. Iljis nisbs bmtrim bm ecmtietc ìmtglc y bk sckutc c kcs sckutcs sb fgnu fgnumf mfbm bm fb fbsf sfbb bk sõ sõkg kgfc fc ki nisb nisb sc sckg kgfi fi,, kc qu qubb pb pbrl rlgt gtbb um umii sb sbpi piri rieg egõm õm fb kcs eclpcmbmtbs crgdgmikbs fbk sõkgfc. Bstb prcebsc sb kkili kgxgvgiegõm kgqugfc ― sõkgfc c sglp sglpkb kblb lbmt mtbb kgxg kgxgvg vgie iegõ gõm. m. Ki cpbr cpbrie iegõ gõmm umgt umgtir irgi gi sb pu pubf bfbb ec ecms msgf gfbr brir ir ec eclc lc um umii bxtrieegõ bxtri eegõm, m, iumqub iumqub bk tbrl tbrlgmc gmc sb til tiljgçm jgçm rbngb rbngbrb rb i umi bxtriee bxtrieegõm gõm kgqugfc kgqugfc - kgqugfc. kgqugfc. Euimfc ki kgxgvgiegõm tgbmb pcr cjobtc bkglgmir ecm idui um eclpcmbmtb gmfbsbijkb fb um sõkgfc, bk prcebsc rbegjb bk mcljrb fb kivifc. Luehcs prcfuetcs crdémgecs miturikbs sb sbpirim fb sus bstrueturis crgdgmikbs lbfgimtb kgxgvgiegõm. Pcr boblpkc bk izÿeir sb sbpiri pcr kgxgvgiegõm fb ki rblckiehi ecm idui eikgbmtb1 kcs iebgtbs vbdbtikbs sb rbeupbrim i pirtgr fb sblgkkis, eclc kis fb scyi y ikdcfõm lbfgimtb kgxgvgiegõm ecm fgsckvbmtbs crdémgecs1 bk timgmc sb fgsubkvb i pirtgr fb riìebs y hcois fb pkimtis. Bk tç y bk einç sb prbpirim lbfgimtb tçemgeis y bqugpc luy sglgkirbs i kcs utgkgzifcs bm kis vbrfifbris cpbriegcmbs fb kgxgvgiegõm. Ifblés, kcs  prbegpgtifcs quìlgecs ecm nrbeubmegi sb kivim fb sus iduis lifrbs ifhbrgfis lbfgimtb tçemgeis y bqugpc luy sglgkirbs i kcs utgkgzifcs bm kis vbrfifbris cpbriegcmbs fb kgxgvg kgx gvgie iegõm gõm,, ecl eclcc bm bk kiv kivifc ifc fb kgecr kgecr fb sc scsi si eé eéust ustgei gei fb fbkk ei eirjc rjcmit mitcc fb eikegc eikegc  prbegpgtifc fbspuçs fbspuçs fb ki rbi rbieegõm eegõm bmtrb õxgfc ffbb eikegc y ei eirjcmitc rjcmitc fb scfgc. scfgc. Ki bxtr bxtrie ieeg egõm õm sõ sõkg kgfc fc fbkìqu kìqugf c c gmbrtb kgxg kgxgvg vgie iegõ gõmmumbsckvbmtb. s um umii cp cpbr brie iegõ gõmm pi piri ri sb sbpi piri rirr kc kcss ecmstgtuybmtb ecmstgtuybmtbs s sckujkbs umgfc sõkgfc ecm Bk prcebsc eclpkbtc fb bxtrieegõm subkb eclprbmfbr ki rbeupbriegõm pcr sbpirifc fbk sckvbmtb y fbk sckutc. Ki bxtrieegõm sõkgfc-kìqugfc tgbmb drim glpcrtimegi bm um drim mÿlbrc fb prcebscs gmfustrgikbs. Bm lbtikurdgi bm ki bxtrieegõm fb? ecjrb ecm éegfc suknÿrgec, crc ecm egimurc, bte.

Prbpiriegõm Prbpiriegõ m fbk sõkgfc Bk çxgtc fb umi kgxgvgiegõm y ki tçemgei qub sb vi i utgkgzir fbpbmfbm ecm luehi nrbeubmegi fb euikqugbr tritilgbmtc imtbrgcr qub sb kb pubfi fir ik sõkgfc.

 

Bm ikdumcs eiscs, kis pbqubùis pirtìeukis fbk litbrgik sckujkb bstém eclpkbtilbmtb rcfbifis fb umi litrgz fb litbrgi gmsckujkb. Bmtcmebs, bk fgsckvbmtb sb fbjb fgnumfgr bm ki lisi y ki sckuegõm rbsuktimtb sb fbjb fgnumfgr hiegi bk bxtbrgcr imtbs fb pcfbr kcdrir  umi sbp sbpiri iriegõ egõm. m. Bst Bstcc bs kc qub sue suebfb bfb ec ecmm lue luehc hcss litbrg litbrgikb ikbss lbt lbtikÿ ikÿrdg rdgecs ecs.. Ki trgturiegõm y lckgbmfi fb bstcs sõkgfcs iebkbriré jistimtb ki ieegõm fb kgxgvgiegõm,  pcrqub kis pcregcmbs pcregcmbs sckujkb sckujkbss scm bmtcmeb bmtcmebss lés ieebsgj ieebsgjkbs kbs ik fgsckvbmtb. fgsckvbmtb. Kcs eubrpcs vbdbtikbs y imglikbs tgbmbm umi bstrueturi ebkukir, kcs prcfuetcs miturikbs qub sb vim i kgxgvgir i pirtgr fb bstcs litbrgikbs sb bmeubmtrim dbmbriklbmtb fbmtrc fb kis eçkukis. Ug kis pirbfbs ebkukirbs pbrlimbebm gmtietis fbspuçs fb ki bxpcsgegõm i um fgsckvbmtb ifbeuifc, bmtcmebs bm ki ieegõm fb kgxgvgiegõm gmtbrvgbmb ki õslcsgs fbk sckutc i trivçs fb kis pirbfbs ebkukirbs. Çstb pubfb sbr um prcebsc kbmtc. Ugm bljirdc, lckbr bk litbrgik kc sungegbmtblbmtb pbqubùc eclc piri kgjbrir bk ecmtbmgfc fb kis eçkukis bs pcec préetgec y ikdumis vbebs gmfbsbijkb.

CPBZIEGCMBU BM BUVIFC MC BUVIEGCMIZGC Kis cpbriegcmbs bm bstifc mc bstiegcmirgc gmekuybm iquçkkis bm qub kcs sõkgfcs y kcs kìqugfcs sb pcmbm bm ecmtietc ÿmgeilbmtb bm ncrli fb kctbs y tiljgçm iquçkkis bm qub um kctb fbk sõkgfc sb pcmb bm ecmtietc ecm umi ecrrgbmtb qub nkuyb ecmtgmuilbmtb fbk kìqugfc (lçtcfc pcr sblgkctbs). Kis pirtìeukis sõkgfis drubsis dbmbriklbmtb dbmbriklbmtb sb tritim bm kbehcs kbeh cs ngocs lçtcfcs fblés pbreckie pbre ckiegõm, gõm, lgbmtris qub kcs sõkgfcs sõkgfcs ngmil ngmilbmtb bmtb fgvgfgfcs, qublbfgimtb pubfbm limtbmbrsb néegklbmtb bm suspbmsgõm, pubfbm fgspbrsirsb bm tcfc bk kìqugfc ecm ki iyufi fb ikdÿm tgpc fb idgtifcr.

PZCEBUC FB KGXG^GIEGÕM KGXG^GIEGÕM PIZI URUVIEGIU JGCKÕDGEIU Bm ki gmfustrgi fb prcebscs jgckõdgecs y ikglbmtcs, luehcs prcfuetcs sb sbpirim fb su bstrueturi miturik crgdgmik pcr lbfgc fb umi kgxgvgiegõm kìqugfc sõkgfc. Rm prcebsc glpcrtimtb bs ki kgxgvgiegõm fb izÿeir fb ki rblckiehi ecm idui eikgbmtb. Ki prcfueegõm fb iebgtbs vbdbtikbs, sb blpkbim fgsckvbmtbs crdémgecs eclc hbximc, iebtcmi y çtbr. Bm ki gmfustrgi nirlieçutgei sb cjtgbmb umi drim fgvbrsgfif fb prcfuetcs pcr kgxgvgiegõm fb riìebs, hcois, y tikkcs fb pkimtis. Bm ki pcregõm fb einç gmstimtémbc sckujkb bk einç tcstifc y lckgfc sb sclbtb i umi kgxgvgiegõm ecm idui puri. Bk tb sckujkb sb nijrgei pcr  kgxgvgiegõm fb hcois fb tb ecm idui. Bk timgmc sb bxtrib fb kis ecrtbzis fb érjckbs pcr  kgxgvgiegõm ecm idui. ^BKCEGFIF FB KGXG^GIEGC KGXG^GIEGCM. M. Bm ki kgxgvgiegõm fb litbrgikbs sckujkbs fbk gmtbrgcr fb umi pirtìeuki pcr ieegõm fb um fgsckvbmtb, bk prcebsc dbmbrik ecmsgstb bm kcs sgdugbmtbs piscs? bk fgsckvbmtb sb trimsngbrb fbk vckulbm fb sckuegõm i ki supbrngegb fbk sõkgfc. Fbspuçs, fgehc fgsckvbmtb sb fgnumfb bm bk sõkgfc. Bk sckutc sb fgsubkvb bm bk fgsckvbmtb. Bmtcmebs bk sckutc sb fgnumfb i trivçs fb ki lbzeki fb sõkgfc y fgsckvbmtb histi ki supbrngegb fb ki pirtìeuki. Ngmiklbmtb bk sckutc sb trimsngbrb i ki sckuegõm dbmbrik Bm dbmbrik, ki vbkcegfif fb trimsnbrbmegi fbk fgsckvbmtb fb ki sckuegõm dbmbrik histi ki supbrngegb fbk sõkgfc bs jistimtb répgfi, y ki vbkcegfif hiegi bk gmtbrgcr fbk sõkgfc pubfb sbr répgfi c kbmti. Ugm bljirdc, bm ki liycrìi fb kcs eiscs bstis mc scm kis btipis qub kglgtim ki vbkcegfif fbk prcebsc tctik fb kgxgvgiegõm. Ki trimsnbrbmegi fb fgsckvbmtbs subkbm ceurrgr ik prgmegpgc, euimfc kis pirtìeukis sb pcmbm bm ecmtietc ecm bk fgsckvbmtb1 isglpkb um isìprcebsc ki fgsckuegõm bm bkcfgsckvbmtb bm bk gmtbrgcr sõkgfc qub pubfb sbr um nìsgec fbk fb sckutc fgsckuegõm umi vbrfifbri rbieegõmfbk quìlgei kgjbri ik

 

sckut sckutcc pir pirii ki fgs fgscku ckuegõ egõm. m. Bk ecm ecmceg ceglgb lgbmtc mtc fbk prcebs prcebscc fb fgscku fgsckuegõ egõmm bs ji jisti stimtb mtb kglgtifc y bk lbeimgslc pubfb sbr fgnbrbmtb bm eifi eisc. Ki vbkcegfif fb kgxgvgiegõm bs inbetifi pcr kcs sgdugbmtbs nietcrbs? 

Vblpbrituri Ecmebmtriegõmm fbk sckvbmtb Ecmebmtriegõ

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Viliùc fb kis pirtìeukis

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Pcrcsgfif

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Idgtiegõm

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Eimtgfif fb idui fgsckvbmtb

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Ik iulbmtir ki tblpbrituri sb iulbmti ki vbkcegfif pcrqub ki sckujgkgfif bs liycr, bk iulbmtc fb tblpbrituri bs luy usifc bm prcebscs fb rbieegõm quìlgei. Ki tblpbrituri léxgli piri eifi sgstbli bsté kglgtifi pcr? bk pumtc fb bjukkgegõm fbk sckvbmtb, bk  pumtc fb fbdrifiegõ fbdrifiegõmm fbk prcfuetc c fbk sckvbmtb, sckujgkgfif fb glpurbzis y pcr  becmclìi. Ki ecmebmtriegõm fbk sckvbmtb bs glpcrtimtb piri sckuegcmbs ieucsis, fbjgfc i ki situriegõm y i ki bxgstbmegi fb rbieegcmbs quìlgeis, bs fb pcei glpcrtimegi euimfc ki bxtrieegõm bs ecmtrckifi pcr fgnusgõm. Ki rbfueegõm fb pirtìeukis tgbmb drim glpcrtimegi, pcrqub iulbmti bk érbi fb ecmtietc y fgslgmuyb bk tgblpc mbebsirgc piri ki bxtrieegõm, scjrb tcfc piri sõkgfcs fb jioi  pcrcsgfif. Ki pcrcsgfif pbrlgtb qub bk kìqugfc pbmbtrb i trivçs fb kcs eimikbs ncrlifcs pcr kcs  pcrcs fbmtrc fbk fbk sõkgfc, iulbm iulbmtimfc timfc isì bk érbi ietgvi piri ki bbxtrieegõm. xtrieegõm. Ki idgtiegõm fi umi liycr bngegbmegi bm ki bxtrieegõm fbjgfc i qub fgslgmuyb ki  pbkìeuki fb nkugfc qub eujrb ki supbrngegb fbk sõkgfc bm rbpcsc y qub ietÿi eclc umi rbsgstbmegi i ki fgnusgõm. Bk bqugpc pubfb sbr fb btipis c fb ecmtietc ecmtgmuc1 ikdumis gmfustrgis rbqugbrbm um tgpc bspbegik fb bqugpc, pbrc bm dbmbrik kis fcs tçemgeis usifis scm? rcegir bk kìqugfc scjrb bk sõkgfc c sulbrdgr bk sõkgfc eclpkbtilbmtb bm bk kìqugfc, bk bqugpc usifc bm eifi eisc fbpbmfb luehc fb ki ncrli nìsgei fb kcs sõkgfcs y fbk ecstc. Pirtìeukis trgturifis (drimfbs) scm tritifis bm kbehcs ngocs pcr lçtcfcs fb pbreckiegõm. Pirtìeukis lckgfis (ngmilbmtb fgvgfgfis) scm pubstis bm suspbmsgõm bm timqubs kkbmcs fb sckvbmtb  pcr lbfgc fb idgtiegõm. idgtiegõm. Kcs prgmegpikbs lçtcfcs piri bxtrieegõm fb pirtìeukis trgturifis scm? Bxtrieegõm bm bk sgtgc Bxtrieegõm fb lcmtõm

 

Vimqubs pbreckifcs Ugstbli fb luktgbtipi bm ecmtriecrrgbmtb. ecmtriecrrgbmtb.

FBUEZGPEGÕM FBK BYRGPC Bk bqugpc bsté fgsbùifc piri rbikgzir cpbriegcmbs fb sbpiriegõm fb sustimegis kìqugfis ecmtbmgfis bm um sõkgfc lbfgimtb ki utgkgziegõm fb um fgsckvbmtb qub pbrlgtb qub sb rbikgeb ki sbpiriegõm. Bsté eclpubstc pcr um pbreckifcr, um bvipcrifcr-ecmebmtrifcr, um ecmfbmsifcr, gmstrulbmtcs fb lbfgfi, tujbrìis, ieebscrgcs y vékvukis.

Bqugpc fb bxtrieegõm sõkgfc-kìqugfc

ZIPGFB_ FB KGXG^GIEGCM ERIMFC UB FGURBK^B RM UÕKGFC Euimfc um litbrgik sb fgsubkvb fb um sõkgfc i ki sckuegõm fb fgsckvbmtb, ki vbkcegfif fb trimsnbrbm trims nbrbmegi egi fb lisi fbsf fbsfbb ki supbrngegb supbrngegb sõkgfi ik kìqugf kìqugfc, c, subkb subkb sbr bk nietcr nietcr qub ecmtrcki tcfi ki tctikgfif fbk prcebsc. Bm bsebmegi mc hiy rbsgstbmegi bm ki nisb sõkgfi euimfc sb triti fb litbrgi puri. VGPCU FB BYRGPCU FB KGXG^GIEGÕM  Kgxgvgiegõm bm kbehcs ngocs

 

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Kgxgvgiegõm ecm kbehcs lõvgkbs Kgxgvgiegõm idgtifi fbk sõkgfc

GGG. LIVBZGIKBU?  Oirris  Vilgebs  Jikimzi  Eéliri fb sbeifc  Bqugpc fb fbtbrlgmiegõm fb hulbfif  Lubstri. :20d fb sblgkki fb iehgctb  Ercmclbtrc  Uckuegõm MiCH 0.2%

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Pkieis Ecegmi i dis Jikimzi imikìtgei

G^. PZCEBFGLGBMVC PZCEBFGLGBMVCU? U? 9) Ubkbeegcmir kis sblgkkis fb iehgctb, bkglgmir tcfis kis glpurbsis y bnbetuir um

tilgzifc. :) Pbsir N)  Isbdurirsb qub bm bk timqub fb bxtrieegõm qubfb tctiklbmtb bk rbsgfuc sõkgfc Z.

^CK^ K^BZ BZ I ZB ZBPG PGVG VGZ Z ki cp cpbr brie iegõ gõmm i pi pirt rtgr gr fb fbkk pi pisc sc (5 (5), ), if ifge gegc gcmi mimf mfcc 4) ^C mubvilbmtb bk sckvbmtb fb bxtrieegõm bxtrieegõm scjrb bk rbsgfuc, histi kkbdir i ki btipi ‛M“ gmfgeifi bm ki préetgei. 8) Ik ngmik, tclir bk rbsgfuc ngmik (Z  M), fgspcmbr bm umi kumi fb rbkco, fboir bm ki

eéliri fb sbeifc y fbtbrlgmir bk pbsc ngmik sbec, qub bqugvikb iprcxglifilbmtb i ki lidmgtuf fb kcs gmsckujkbs? G. 7) Viljgçm, fbjb tclirsb umcs :0d fb sblgkkis fb iehgctb sbkbeegcmifc, y fboir bm ki eéliri fb sbeifc, piri fbtbrlgmir ki hulbfif fb ki litbrgi prgli? %h.

^. EIKERKCU W ZBURKVIFCU? FIVCU    

U>.6 -955.56-955.56d .:>d Bm iljcs eiscs bk % fb brrcr bs lìmglc pcr bkkc qub bstc mcs gmfgei qub sb tuvc umi jubmi préetgei  

EÉKERKCU PIZI KI UBDRMFI BVIPI

 

U8  0.0:02)  

(0.064  0.0:02)

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:66.5682 d 

Zbsgfuc ? Z: < L: + B: Z : < (600.: ― :66.5682)d < 922.8292d EÉKERKCU PIZI KI VBZEBZI BVIPI

     

U5:  0.0:9)

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:67.0955 d 

Zbsgfuc ? Z5 < L5 + B5 Z 5 < (600: ― :67.0955)d < 929.98>4d ^G. FGUERUGCM?   Euimfc ki sckuegõm rbtbmgfi bs ecmstimtb, ki ecrrgbmtb fb rbngmcs kc ecmstgtuyb    

umi kìmbimcpirikbki i ki strb hgpctbmusi. Euimfc bxgstb irristrb irri fb sõkgfcs bm bk bxtrietc, ki ecrrgbm ecrrgbmtb tb fb bxtrietc kc ecmstgtuyb ki hgpctbmusi fbk fgidrili trgimdukir. Ergtbrgcs piri ki sbkbeegõm fbk sckvbmtb . Vbmdi ingmgfif sckc pcr bk sckutc qub sb fbsbi bxtribr, mc sbim tõxgecs, tbmdi  jiocs ecstcs y sbi néegklb néegklbmtb mtb rbeupbrijkb.

^GG. ECMEKRUGCMBU ECMEKRUGCMBU??   Ub pufc fbtbrlgmir ki sckuegõm rbtbmgfi y tiljgçm sb pufc ecmstrugr bk fgidrili fb kgxgvgiegõm fbk iehgctb.   Ub pufc rbikgzir ki bxtrieegõm sõkgfc - kìqugfc bm ecrrgbmtb eruzifi y bm trbs btipis.   Ub bvikuõ bk jikimeb fb litbrgi bm kgxgvgifcrbs bm ecrrgbmtb eruzifi y bm trbs btipis.   Ub ecmstitc i trivçs fb kcs eékeukcs ki fgnbrbmegi fb fbk bxtrietc y rbsgfuc tbõrgec y préetgec.

 

^GGG. JGJKGCDZINÌI?  

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VZBWJIK. VZBWJ IK. Zcjbrt Zcjbrt B. Cpbrie Cpbriegcm gcmbs bs fb Vrimsn Vrimsnbrb brbmeg megii fb Lisi. Lisi. Ubd Ubdumf umfii bfgegõm. Bfgtcrgik Le Driw-Hgkk, Lçxgec. 9788. DBIMaCPKGU E.O. 9775 ‛Prcebscs fb Vrimspcrtb y Cpbriegcmbs Rmgtirgis“ Euirti bfgegõm. Eclpiùìi bfgtcri ECMVGMBMVIK CECM / VCOC ‛Prcjkblis fb Gmdbmgbrìi Gmdbmgbrìi Yuìlgei“. 5bri Bfgegõm. Bfgegõm. Bfgt. Idugkir. 9780 ― Bspiùi. pp. :78.