Ortega y Gasset. Pensar La Circunstancia

 

Hrtkam y Amsskt ks, mctk thih, uc pkcsmihr ik `ms gubmcoimiks quk kbprkcik su tmrkm mrbmih ik uc vmsth fhchfobokcth y ucm mpmeu``mctk fu`turm akckrm`. Armc pmrtk ik` mtrmftovh ik sus herms rmiofm kc `m fhcvoffoöc quk trmcsbotk ik quk `hs msucths octk`kftum`ks shc tmbeoïc, y m `m vkz, tkbms ph`âtofhs. Msobosbh, kstí fhcvkcfoih ik quk pmrm iksmrrh``mr ucm bktmdâsofm gmy quk gmfkr gosthrom ik m`aucm bmckrm, puks mquk``m ksfhcik, sk quokrm h ch, uc fhbprhbosh fhc ucm dhrbm iktkrbocmim ik heskrvmr k` trmcsfursh gostörofh y k` bhbkcth prkskctk. @m do`hshdâm, kc kdkfth, kxoak fhcfokcfom ik sâ y ik fumcth rhikm m` sulkth pkcsmctk, su forfucstmcfom. Kc kstk vh`ubkc sk mehrim `m cukvm skcsoeo`oimi p`mctkmim phr Hrtkam kc rk`mfoöc fhc `hs prhe`kbms m `hs quk sk kcdrkctö `m shfokimi ik su tokbph. Ik mgâ `m rmfohcm`ozmfoöc quk ``kvm m fmeh ik `m mftumfoöc ph`âtofm, kxp`ofmcih `ms rmzhcks phr `ms quk Kspmým ks fhbh ks. Iksik `m fkrtkzm ik quk `m rkm`oimi pukik skr bklhr so shbhs fmpmfks ik prkauctmbhs ch sh`h phr `h quk shc `ms fhsms, soch phr `h quk phirâmc ``kamr m skr. skr. Bmcuk` Fruz(  Iorkfthr ik `m fh`kffoöc)

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm 5

 

F. L. Ahczí`kz Vkrrmch

Hrtkam y Amsskt Zkcsmr `m forfucstmcfom  Iksfueror `m Do`hshdâm - =; kZue r=.5 Yotovo``us =6.:9.=7

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm 6

 

F. L. Ahczí`kz Vkrrmch, 5:=; O`ustrmfoöc ik fueokrtm< Cmfgh Amrfâm Ioskýh ik phrtmim< Tâfthr Dkrcícikz y Cmtm`om Vícfgkz Ioskýh y bmquktmfoöc< Norm Uokrm Kiothr ioaotm`< Yotovo``us kZue emsk r=.5

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm 9

 

«Forfucstmcfom y ikfosoöc shc `hs ihs k`kbkcths rmiofm`ks ik quk sk fhbphck `m voim. @m forfucstmcfom ks `h quk ``mbmbhs k` bucih. @m voim ch k`oak su bucih, soch quk vovor ks kcfhctrmrsk kc uc bucih iktkrbocmih k ocfmclkme`k< kc kstk ik mghrm. Cukstrh bucih ks `m iobkcsoöc ik dmtm`oimi quk octkarm cukstrm voim¾.  @m rkek`oöc ik `ms bmsms, bmsms, O, OT.

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm ;

 

Zrkdmfoh ¸Zhr quï skauor kstuiomcih m Lhsï Hrtkam y Amsskt8 @m fmrosbítofm y ph`odmfïtofm doaurm ik Lhsï Hrtkam y Amsskt (=776-=?;;) gm `kvmctmih ch phfms y kcfhctrmims hpocohcks. Mucquk gueh quokc ch iuiö kc fukstohcmr su hroaocm`oimi fhbh pkcsmihr (fhbh kc k` fmsh ik Ck`shc Hrrocakr, h k` prhpoh Lhrak @uos Ehraks, quokc mfgmfmem m` kspmýh` ucm occkfksmrom rkfmram ksto`âstofm), so m`ah iostocauk m cukstrh prhtmahcostm ks su ociuime`k ksdukrzh phr ikbmcimr k` roahr prhpoh ik `m do`hshdâm m `m ghrm ik pkcsmr cukstrh prkskctk. Kc sus herms kcfhctrmbhs ch sh`h uc kxtkcsh y iktkcoih mcí`osos ik `hs mvmtmrks ik `m Kurhpm quk `k thfö kc sukrtk vovor (`m tmc fmramim ik mfhctkfobokcths probkrm botmi ik` soa`h WW), soch tmbeoïc `m dhrbu`mfoöc ik ucm chtme`k bktmdâsofm. Hrtkam ks, mctk thih, uc kxp`hrmihr ik `ms gubmcoimiks, quk ``kvm m fmeh su kstuioh ik uc vmsth fhchfobokcth y ucmik mpmeu``mctk fu`turm akckrm`. Armc pmrtk ik msutrmvïs mtrmftovh `h gm``mbhs kc su fhcvoffoöc quk `hs msucths octk`kftum`ks shc tmbeoïc, y m `m vkz, tkbms ph`âtofhs. Zmrm skr bktmdâsofh gmy quk gmfkr ik m`aucm bmckrm gosthrom gosthrom su fhbktoih kstroem kc quk fmim sulkth sk ocstm`k fhc thims `ms fhcskfukcfoms kc su prhpom pkrspkftovm, y ksk ksdukrzh ch rksoik kc `m mraubkctmfoöc do`hsödofm h kc `m dukrzm ik `m rktörofm, soch kc `m fmpmfoimi ik bhstrmr m` `kfthr (y ik quk kstk sk bukstrk m sâ bosbh) ucm iktkrbocmim skcsoeo`oimi. Vk trmtm, kc ü`tobm ocstmcfom, ik `m `oekrmfoöc soc obphsofohcks, ik `m bhstrmfoöc ik `m fmpmfoimi ik fmim fum` pmrm iksmrrh``mr sus phtkcfom`oimiks votm`ks. Ikekbhs rkm`ozmr cukstrh socau`mr fmboch octkarmcihmpuctmem cukstrhs kc vm`hrks kc cukstrms mftotuiks y kxpkrokcfoms. Fhbh cukstrh prhtmahcostm  K` tkbm ik cukstrh cukstr h tokbph (=?56), «qukrkbhs prhpombkctk fumcih, mikbís ik ikskmr quk `ms fhsms skmc ik fokrtm bmckrm, ikfoiobhs rkm`ozmr cukstrh ikskh, klkfutmr mfths kdofmfks quk bhiodoqukc `m rkm`oimi ^…R Vö`h gkbhs qukroih p`kcmbkctk y soc rkskrvms ’  prhsoauk Hrtkam’ fumcih chs pmrkfk gmekrchs mimptmih m ucm chrbm ik `m vh`uctmi quk kxostk ocikpkciokctkbkctk ik chshtrhs, bís m``í ik cukstrm ociovoium`oimi¾, ks ikfor, fumcih ``kvmbhs m fmeh `m phtkcfom ik cukstrm forfucstmcfom kc cukstrm kxostkcfom.

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm ?

 

Ihc ]uolhtk fhbh kstâbu`h @ms Bkiotmfohcks ik` ]uolhtk ik Lhsï Hrtkam y Amsskt (`oerh obprksh phr vkz probkrm k` 5= ik  lu`oh ik =?=9) sk pukikc kctkcikr fhbh ucm rkd`kxoöc sherk k` ocbhrtm` pkrshcmlk frkmih phr `m obmaocmfoöc fkrvmctocm, quk chs fhciufk, m su vkz, m trks prkauctms ocshs`myme`ks< quï h quoïc ks ihc ]uolhtk phr sâ bosbh, quoïc ks pmrm chshtrhs y, y, docm`bkctk, m quï chs kbpulm su doaurm (pmrtofu`mrbkctk, kc k` prhykfth cmfohcm` ik ucm «cukvm Kspmým¾). Mikbís, fhbh suaokrk Lu`oíc Bmrâms, Bkiotmfohcks ik` ]uolhtk  «ch ks uc `oerh bís ik Hrtkam. Ks k` pucth ik pmrtoim ik thim su herm phstkrohr, mquk` kc quk su muthr

Zrobkrm `íbocm ik `m kiofoöc ik Lhmquâc Oemrrm ik =17: ik` ]uo lhtk. @m o`ustrmfoöc ks ik Lhsï ik` Fmsto``h.

``kaö m sâ mbosbh, kbpkzö phskkr su prhpom do`hshdâm, ocstm`mrsk kc m k``m pmrm skauor mik`mctk¾. Fhbh kxp`ofm Hrtkam kc `hs probkrhs fhbpmsks ik kstk `oerh, `m ocfhckxoöc (kc fhcfrkth `m quk tokck quk vkr fhc k` kspârotu cmfohcm`) suphck k` bís smcarmctk mcoquo`mbokcth< «k` hioh quk dmerofm ocfhckxoöc, quk mâs`m y iks`oam, mthbozm k` hrek, y pu`vkrozm `m ociovoium`oimi¾. Ihc ]uolhtk, kc kstk skctoih, rkprkskctm m` ghberk quk ikskm, phr kcfobm ik thih, fhbprkcikr, y quk ocf`ush sk bukstrm «maotmih¾ phr su dm`tm ik octk`kffoöc ik fumcth `k rhikm. Ks phr ksh quk «k` ghberk rocik m` bíxobub  ik su fmpmfoimi fumcih miquokrk p`kcm fhcfokcfom ik sus forfucstmcfoms. Zhr k``ms fhbucofm fhc k` ucovkrsh¾. Hrtkam kbp`km `m obmakc ik` ]uolhtk pmrm sotumr m` ociovoiuh kc ucm iktkrbocmim vosoöc ik `ms fhsms. @h bís kskcfom` ch ks kstme`kfkr ucm vkrimi fhc rkspkfth m` `oerh ik Fkrvmctks, soch `m ocstm`mfoöc ik` `kfthr kc su prhpom shfokimi fhc p`kcm fhcfokcfom ik k``m. M pksmr ik quk ihc ]uolhtk mpmrkzfm fhbh k` pkrshcmlk quk auâm `m herm, k` helktovh ü`tobh ik Hrtkam ch ks htrh quk k` ik prhduciozmr kc `m pkrspkftovm ik fmim sulkth< k` do`öshdh, fhbh gofokrm ym Z`mtöc, chs k`kvm m` pkcsmbokcth m trmvïs ik `m pm`merm, quk soc kbemrah sk qukim kc cmim so ch sk trmiufk kc mffoöc. _ ks quk m` gïrhk, fhbh kc k` fmsh ik ihc ]uolhtk, ch `k bmcklm k` ikstoch, ch kxostk `m duckstm bmch ik `m dmtm`oimi< su trmakiom ks `m vh`uctmi ik qukrkr skr ï` bosbh, ik ch kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm =:

 

mbh`imrsk m `h imih, soch rkcmfkr iksik k` phikr frkmihr ik `m pkrspkftovm ociovoium`. K` fhcfkpth ch pukik skr fhbh ucm cukvm fhsm suto` ikstocmim m sup`mctmr `ms fhsms bmtkrom`ks. @m bosoöc ik` fhcfkpth ch kstroem, puks, kc iksm`hlmr `m octuofoöc, `m obprksoöc rkm`. @m rmzöc ch pukik, ch tokck quk mspormr m sustotuor `m voim.

Kstm bosbm hphsofoöc, tmc usmim ghy phr `hs quk ch quokrkc trmemlmr, kctrk `m rmzöc y `m voim ks ym shspkfghsm. ¡Fhbh so `m rmzöc ch dukrm ucm ^=R

ducfoöc votm` y ksphctíckm ik` bosbh `ocmlk quk k` vkr h k` pm`pmr!

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm ==

 

Fhctkxth ik `m forfucstmcfom hrtkauomcm Mucquk k` pkrop`h votm` ik Hrtkam gm ik kctkcikrsk kc fhrrksphcikcfom iorkftm fhc `m rkimffoöc ik sus herms y ksfroths, ks fhcvkcokctk rkvosmr su eoharmdâm fhc fokrtm helktovoimi frhch`öaofm, tkcokcih kc fukctm quk sus iovkrshs fhctmfths y `hs iostocths fhctkxths kc `hs quk trmcsfurrk su voim fhcdhrbmc, phfh m phfh, su prhpom dhrbm ik pkcsmr. Lhsï kfhcöbofm Hrtkam y Amsskt cmfk kc kc Bmiroi kc =776, kc k` skch ik ucm dmbo`om mfhbhimim, y shfom`bkctk, fuyh ihbofo`oh pukik ocofomrsk iksik buy tkbprmch kc `m `kfturm ik `hs f`ísofhs ik `m `otkrmturm ucovkrsm`. Mquk``m ïphfm, tmc pröxobm m `hs mvmtmrks quk fhciuforâmc m Kspmým m pkrikr sus ü`tobms fh`hcoms y m `m fhcdhrbmfoöc ik iodkrkctks fhrrokctks ik pkcsmbokcth kc k` tkrrkch cmfohcm`, kcfokrrm uc oiöckh fm`ih ik fu`tovh quk k` bosbh Hrtkam cucfm iksmprhvkfgm iksmprhvkfgmrí. rí. Mucquk akckrmfohcm`bkctk ch sk sokctk ucoih ’iksik `ukah ch fhbh iosfâpu`h (mucquk sâ kxostm kc hfmsohcks armc sobo`otui kc k` mehrimlk ik fokrths tkbms)’ m muthrks tmc sherksm`okctks fhbh [cmbuch, Mzhrâc h Zâh Emrhlm (m quokcks fhchfoö y trmtö pkrshcm`bkctk), cucfm iuimrí kc rkfhchfkr `m ckfksoimi ik p`mctkmr uc prhykfth octk`kftum` fhbüc quk `hark mrrmcfmr m Kspmým ik su cmim `üfoih sukýh rkakckrmfohcostm. [c pkcsmbokcth quk Hrtkam rkd`klm buy eokc kc `m quoctm pmrtk ik  K` tkbm ik cukstrh cukstrh tokbph, tokbph, fumcih iostocauk ihs kstrmths f`mrmbkctk iodkrkcfomihs< «`m fu`turm sö`h pkrvovk bokctrms soauk rkfoeokcih fhcstmctk d`ulh votm` ik `hs sulkths. Fumcih ksm trmcsdusoöc sk octkrrubpk y `m fu`turm sk m`klm, ch tmrim kc skfmrsk y vh`vkrsk gokrítofm. Yokck, Yokck, puks, `m fu`turm ucm ghrm ik cmfobokcth ’su ghrm `ârofm’ y tokck ucm ghrm ik mcquo`hsmbokcth ’su ghrm gokrítofm’. Gmy ucm fu`turm akrbocm` y ucm fu`turm ym gkfgm. Kc `ms ïphfms ik rkdhrbm, fhbh `m cukstrm, ks prkfosh iksfhcdomr ik `m fu`turm ym gkfgm y dhbkctmr `m fu`turm kbkrakctk¾. hpocoöc ik` do`öshdh bmiro`kýh, `m Kspmým ik docm`ks ik` WOW  y procfopohs WW, quk Hrtkam kxpkrobkctm kc su kdkrvksfkctk y fmim vkz bís m`tovm luvkctui, ik` Kc prkfosm ik ucm ``mbmim ik mtkcfoöc prhvkcokctk ik `ms bís m`tms fmpms octk`kftum`ks ik` pmâs. Voc kbemrah, `m octk`oakcfom ch ks sudofokctk. K` pkcsmbokcth, `m do`hshdâm, `m `öaofm, `m mraubkctmfoöc, `ms gubmcoimiks, `m fokcfom purm…, thih k``h fhcstotuyk k` emamlk ckfksmroh pmrm quk k` ghberk pukim mcm`ozmr su prkskctk ik bmckrm kxgmustovm. Zkrh cukstrh prhtmahcostm kstobm quk `m rmzöc, fhbh ocstrubkcth purmbkctk `öaofh, gm bkcaumih, sk gm mphfmih y ch rksu`tm kdofmz pmrm fhciufor m `hs fouimimchs m `m mffoöc. Ik m`aucm bmckrm, `m rmzöc sk gm iksvotm`ozmih, sk gm mrrmcfmih k` fhrmzöc ik su pkfgh y, kc doc, gm fmâih vâftobm ik `m pkhr ik `ms kcdkrbkimiks< `m muskcfom ik votm`oimi. Fhbh mpuctmem Hrtkam kc `m fumrtm pmrtk ik  K` tkbm ik cukstrh cukstrh tokbph, tokbph, «k` pkcsmbokcth ks ucm ducfoöc votm`, fhbh `m ioakstoöc h `m forfu`mfoöc ik `m smcark¾. kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm =5

 

_ ks quk, fhbh buy eokc rkfukrim kc k` prö`hah ik su rkfhbkcime`k herm sherk Hrtkam k` fmtkirítofh ik @otkrmturm Kspmýh`m Lhrio Armfom, «Hrtkam sh`h skrí Hrtkam vosth m `m vkz kc `hs drkctks sh`mpmihs ik ucm mftovoimi buy fm`fu`mim kc rotbhs y tokbphs, fmpmz ik rkpkctozmr skroks dkero`ks ik mrtâfu`hs ph`âtofhs bokctrms pkrdo`m `hs ducimbkcths ik ucm do`hshdâm ik `m rmzöc votm`¾. K` prhpoh do`öshdh kxp`ofm kc su obprksfocioe`k ksfroth  Zoiokcih uc Ahktgk iksik ikctrh ikctrh  quk `m voim gubmcm m`ekram ucm ockxfusme`k vkrtokctk cmrrmtovm. Mctks quk cmim, `m kxostkcfom sk trmiufk kc ucm sukrtk ik cmrrmfoöc, emlh `m dhrbm ik gosthrom ik uc sulkth quk rkmffohcm mctk `h quk pmsm. Ik kstm bmckrm, fhcfoek Hrtkam `m eoharmdâm pkrshcm` fhbh uc octkcth ik rksh`vkr `hs prhe`kbms mctk `hs quk, fhyucturm` h pkrbmckctkbkctk, chs kcdrkctmbhs. _m kc sus probkrhs pmshs fhbh ksfrothr, kc sus mrtâfu`hs pmrm iostoctms pue`ofmfohcks kspmýh`ms ik prkstoaoh, thpmbhs fhc `m mbeofoöc ik uc lhvkc kstuiomctk quk iksik buy prhcth fhcsoikrm ocskcsmtm y mrtodofom` `m iostocfoöc kctrk rmzöc y voim. Yhim mestrmffoöc h fhcfkpfoöc purmbkctk `öaofm ik `m kxostkcfom tokcik m iksprkfomr `h bís fhtoiomch, `h bís fkrfmch, fhbh fmrkctk ik obphrtmcfom. _ `m voim, fhbh `m ek``kzm h k` mbhr, rkquokrk uc «gmrtmzah¾, uc fghquk drhctm` fhc `h quk mfhctkfk, pmrm kxprobor thims sus phsoeo`oimiks. Kc uc drmabkcth pkrtkckfokctk m sus «A`hsms¾ ik =?:5 (Hrtkam tkcâm mpkcms iokfocukvk mýhs), pue`ofmims kc Toim Cukvm, Cukvm, k` duturh prhdkshr chs fhcdoksm quk kc ucm hfmsoöc, bokctrms gme`mem fhc uc mboah, sk ioh fukctm ik quk kstk krm «uch ik kshs ghberks miborme`ks quk sk ikiofmc skrombkctk m `m fmzm ik `m vkrimi, quk quokrkc rkspormr fkrtkzms bktmdâsofms¾, pmrm mfmemr fm`odofícih`h fhctucikctkbkctk fhbh «uc pherk ghberk¾. M luofoh ik Hrtkam, ch ikekbhs m`obkctmr ’m roksah ik fhcvkrtorchs kc bostodofmihrks ik `m rkm`oimi’ `h quk ï` ikchbocm «fmrcks ociuime`ks¾. K` iksmrrh``h ik `m voim ch pkrbotk dörbu`ms bíaofms, fhcfkpfohcks purmbkctk rmfohcm`ks quk pukimc skr mp`ofmims m fmim fmsh kc pmrtofu`mr. @m obpmrfom`oimi ch ks phsoe`k, kc tmcth quk fhciufk m `m drom`imi mctk `ms fhsms y `hs gkfghs. _ chs octkrrham< «¸Frkkc ustkiks quk `m voim sk iklm tm`mirmr y mrrmstrmr soc `ufgm8¾. Yhih mtoseh ik akckrm`ozmfoöc, thih octkcth ik frkmr uc bïthih ociuftovh quk fhcsoikrk fmim gkfgh uc klkbp`h pmrtofu`mr ik klkbp`hs akckrm`ks, suphck uc «krrhr ik pkrspkftovm¾, y «bormr `ms fhsms ik `klhs¾ soacodofm sm`orsk ik `m voim, mucquk sk prkauctm Hrtkam so tm` fhsm ks phsoe`k. Kc ksths probkrhs mýhs ik ksfroturm pkrohiâstofm heskrvmbhs ucm f`mrm ocd`ukcfom ik ihs doaurms f`mvk ik `m Kurhpm ik docm`ks ik `hs ` hs soa`hs WTOOO y WOW, rkspkftovmbkctk< rkspkftovmbkctk< Yghbms Fmr`y`k y Drokirofg Coktzsfgk, m quokcks Hrtkam fotmrí kc meucimcfom. Ik` probkrh thbmrí `m chfoöc ik «gïrhk¾, quk, kc pm`merms ik` prhpoh Fmr`y`k, ks «k` ghberk m quokc soaukc htrhs ghberks, duk sokbprk socfkrh, probkrm fhciofoöc ik su skr¾. [cm doaurm quk Hrtkam fhctrmphcirí iksik buy tkbprmch m `m bmsm, quk ks obpkrshcm` y «ch tokck `m bkbhrom ik su prhpom oikctoimi kc vortui ik `m fum` k` kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm =6

 

ociovoiuh sk rkfhchfk ghy fhbh k` bosbh ik mykr¾. Ymbeoïc ik Coktzsfgk meshrek Hrtkam k` obpu`sh ik `m vh`uctmi ociovoium`, fumcih fotm, phr klkbp`h, uc tkxth ik urhrm `m kxm`tmfoöc ik `h iksprkfomih, `h prhgoeoih y `h bm`ioth. Coktzsfgk mcm`ozm k` hroakc ik tm`ks tïrbochs y ikskcbmsfmrm su fhctocakcfom y mreotrmrokimi. Drkctk m `ms bhrm`ks ik `m rkcucfom vh`uctmrom y `m fu`pm, prhphck ucm bhrm` mrosthfrítofm fkctrmim ducimbkctm`bkctk kc `m voim (kctkcioim ocf`ush dosoh`öaofmbkctk) y k`

kehhnk`h.fhb Zíaocm =;  

fukrph. Yhim bhrm` mctkrohr sk gm kcfmramih, m` fhctrmroh, ik iksvomrsk ik `m prhpom voim, ``kamcih m fhcfkeor k` fukrph fhbh uc ocvotmih kdâbkrh y iksprkfome`k. Zmrm Coktzsfgk, kc fmbeoh (y kstk mspkfth `h fhbpmrtorí fhc Hrtkam) k` fukrph pmsm m skr helkth ik rkd`kxoöc do`hsödofm. Coktzsfgk chs prhphck, msâ, pkcsmr fhbh vmfms, phrquk `m rubom gm ik ``kvmrsk m fmeh tkcokcih kc fukctm quk `ms pm`merms chs ksthremc kc cukstrh fmboch, puks «ihcikquokrm quk `hs ghberks probotovhs kstme`kfokrhc ucm pm`merm, frkykrhc gmekr gkfgh uc iksfuerobokcth¾, pkrh ¡ik quï bhih kstmemc kquovhfmihs!, sk mshberm Coktzsfgk< `m ksfroturm drmabkctmrom, k` mdhrosbh, ks k` ücofh mctâihth pmrm furmr `hs fhrmzhcks bktmdâsofhs, mcgk`mctks ik fhbp`ofmihs y kxtkcshs sostkbms kc `hs quk `ms «pm`merms ktkrcozmims¾ (quk imc `uamr m mdkftmihs dktofgosbhs `ocaðâstofhs) gmfkc quk skm bís skcfo``h quk «uch sk rhbpm ucm pokrcm mctks quk ucm pm`merm¾ ( Murhrm). «Zmrm fhcquostmr `m vkrimi¾, ksfroeâm k` do`öshdh m`kbíc, «gmy quk smfrodofmr fmso thih `h quk ks armth m cukstrh fhrmzöc, m cukstrh mbhr, m cukstrm fhcdomczm kc `m voim Zmrm k``hs ks ckfksmroh armcikzm ik m`bm< k` skrvofoh ik `m vkrimi ks k` iurh ik thihs `hs skrvofohs¾. _hbís kcskýh< k` rkemýh trmtm ik fhcskrvmr uc toph y sk ikdokcik fhctrm `ms ihs tkcikcfoms fhctrmroms, tmcth `m ikakckrmtovm fhbh `m kvh`utovm. @m tkcikcfom ik` rkemýh sk ioroak gmfom `m trmcquo`oimi y `m fhcskrvmfoöc, ch gmy cmim frkmihr kc ï`. (Coktzsfgk)^5R Kc kstk probkr pkrâhih ik `m prhiuffoöc hrtkauomcm, y trms su pmsh phr `ms mcquo`hsmims kstrufturms pkimaöaofms ik `hs lksuotms, `m dukrzm ik `m pmsoöc fherm ucm obphrtmcfom fmpotm`< mucquk m vkfks ih`hrhsms y iksehrimctks (pkrh tmbeoïc, y m `m vkz, purodofmihrms), tm`ks pmsohcks gmc ik skr mdrhctmims soc tmpulhs, tmcth m covk` ociovoium` fh`kftovh. fherm ik quk k` fhcfkpth vm bís ik `m purm fhbh rmfohcm`oimi, ks Hrtkam ikfor, quk kstífhcsfokcfom ucoih tmbeoïc m cukstrm eoh`haâm. Chsm``í ks obphsoe`k pkcsmr soc uc trmsdhcih quk iï prhducioimi m cukstrms octk`kffohcks. Ik gkfgh, `hs fhcfkpths sh`h miquokrkc pksh kc `m bkioim kc quk sk ocsfroekc kc `m voim fhtoiomcm y sk fhcvokrtkc kc uc vm`hr hroaocmroh. Kc ikdocotovm, kc cukstrh iosfurror fhtoiomch y fhcfrkth ksths procfopohs fhcfkptum`ks sk gm``mc mpuctm`mcih cukstrm fhciuftm. Zhr klkbp`h, ch ks quk ikembhs fhbprkcikr `m oikm ik Ek``kzm tm` fum` ks phr sâ bosbm, pkrh sâ `m prksuphckbhs fhbh procfopoh pmrm kctkcikrchs m chshtrhs bosbhs y m fumcth chs rhikm. K` fhcfkpth, msâ, prhphrfohcm fokrtm skauroimi. Cukstrm voim ks fmpmz ik d`uor armfoms m kstms ocvkcfohcks, ucm oikm quk sorvk m Hrtkam pmrm frotofmr m `hs fhbphckctks ik `m Akckrmfoöc ik` ?7, m `hs quk kc hfmsohcks vk fhbh armciks ghberks quk, m pksmr ik su armc prkpmrmfoöc y sus armcio`hfukctks prktkcsohcks, shc ocfmpmfks ik frkmr cukvhs cukvhs vm`hrks y mftotuiks. Vu octkcfoöc, m doc ik fukctms, ks `m ik rkdhrbu`mr k` bhih ik p`mctkmrsk `ms fhsms< `m voim fhtoiomcm ks uc

kehhnk`h.fhb Zíaocm =4  

tkxth quk sk `kk, y ckfksotmbhs ucm gkrbkcïutofm (uc sostkbm ik octkrprktmfoöc) pmrm phikr kctkcikr`m. K` do`öshdh, kc kstk skctoih, hfupm pmrm Hrtkam uc `uamr provo`kaomih ik` quk ikek fhermr prhducim fhcsfokcfom (so ch, ch skrâm kc mesh`uth do`öshdh, soch purm bhbom kruiotm). Ks ï` quokc ikek auomr m `ms turems ikshrokctmims fhc k` helktovh ik smfmr ik` mihfkcmbokcth m `hs ociovoiuhs ihrboihs, ocbkrshs kc `m bhrtâdkrm fhrrokctk ik `m bmsm. Msâ, ksfroek kc  K` tkbm ik cukstrh cukstrh tokbph to kbph   quk «k` do`öshdh, k` octk`kftum`, mcim sokbprk kctrk `hs emstoihrks rkvh`ufohcmrohs. Vkm iofgh kc su ghchr. Ks ï` k` prhdksohcm` ik `m rmzöc purm, y fubp`k fhc su ikekr gm``ícihsk kc `m erkfgm mctotrmiofohcm`ostm. Zukik ikforsk quk kc ksms ktmpms ik rmiofm`osbh fhcsoauk k` octk`kftum` k` bíxobub ik octkrvkcfoöc y muthroimi¾. Kc =?:4, Hrtkam pue`ofm uc octkrksmctk y kxtkcsh mrtâfu`h pmrm  K` Obpmrfom`, Obpmrfom`, quk dorbm (fhbh ks fhstuberk kc ksths mýhs) ik bmckrm mcöcobm emlh `ms `ktrms «W. \.¾, sherk k` pmpk` quk `m ucovkrsoimi, fhbh ocstotufoöc kiufmtovm, ikek luamr kc `m voim ik `hs ghberks. Kc ï` fhbpmrm, trms sus probkrhs mýhs kc M`kbmcom, `hs sostkbms ucovkrsotmrohs kspmýh` y tkutöc, ``kamcih m obphrtmctks fhcf`usohcks. M luofoh ik cukstrh prhtmahcostm, `m oikm ik kiufmfoöc sk trmiufk kc `m oikm ik «ikvkcor¾, ks ikfor, ikfor, kc ucm fhcfkpfoöc tm` quk `ms fhsms shc kctkcioims fhbh uc prhfksh ik akckrmfoöc, iksmrrh``h y ikfrkpotui. Cmim cmfk ik `m cmim, puks thih ks «iksvomfoöc ik m`ah mctkrohr, prkpmrmfoöc ik m`ah quk sherkvokck, y quk ks k``h bosbh trmsdhrbmih. @ms fhsms ch shc, ikvokckc¾. Voc kbemrah, kc Kspmým sufkik thih `h fhctrmroh. Kc k` pmâs quk `k voh cmfkr, Hrtkam kxp`ofm quk fumcth hfurrk `h gmfk erusfmbkctk< `hs obpkrohs fmkc ik `m chfgk m `m bmýmcm, k` ícobh sk iksp`hbm h sk kcsm`zm ik dhrbm rkpkctocm, `ms shfokimiks sk rkek`mc fhctrm k` phikr kstme`kfoih soc mpmrkctk fmikcfom co hrikc… _ msâ, oaum`bkctk, fhcsus`m msoacmturms ucovkrsoimipmrm kspmýh`m. Kc tkrrothroh cmfohcm`, `hs prhdkshrks sk ikiofmc msufkik obpmrtor ch pkrikr `m fítkirm quk m fmim uch `k gm soih hthramim, fhc k` ücofh helktovh ik bhstrmr su vm`âm pkrshcm` soc gmfkr gocfmpoï kc k` helkth ik su kstuioh. Zkrh cmiok pkcsö kc Kspmým quk `m fu`pm kstmem rkpmrtoim> k` kspârotu cmfohcm` sokbprk gm pkfmih ik kspmrfor `ms rksphcsmeo`oimiks gmfom dukrm, cucfm gmfom uch bosbh, gmfom mikctrh. Cmiok fmyö kc `m fukctm ik quk `m ikakckrmfoöc fu`turm` y kiufmtovm dhrbmemc pmrtk ik «`h bís âctobh ik chshtrhs¾, quk «krm `m fmusm ik` rípoih pkrh fhctocuh or burokcih¾, y ks quk kc k` pmâs ik ihc ]uolhtk sokbprk «gmfk dm`tm m`ah sö`oih, kxtkrch, fhcfrkth, ks ikfor, mphrrkme`k mphrrkme`k   kc quk iksfmramr `m mcaustom ik` bm`kstmr¾. M dm`tm ik kstk mfofmtk tmcaoe`k, `m ockrfom chs ``kvm m` suofoioh fh`kftovh, m`ah sobo`mr m fumcth hfurrk kc `m ucovkrsoimi quk Hrtkam tmcth ikcucfomem mquk``hs probkrhs mýhs ik pkrohiosbh hdofom`< «ch kstí bm` `m kcskýmczm ucovkrsotmrom, ucovkrsotmrom, phrquk k` m`ubch ch vmym m f`msk, soch quk k` m`ubch ch vm m f`msk phrquk ch kxostk soch uc dmctmsbm ik kcskýmczm ucovkrsotmrom¾. ucovkrsotmrom¾.

kehhnk`h.fhb Zíaocm =1  

Zhr ksh, iksik buy prhcth Hrtkam frkk dorbkbkctk kc `m gkrhofoimi ik` mutïctofh octk`kftum`, sokbprk fhbprhbktoih fhc su tokbph y su shfokimi. Fum`quokr msucth, thbmih kc su a`hem`oimi, rkvostk ucm iobkcsoöc ph`âtofm, fhbüc, quk k` pkcsmihr ch pukik iksprkfomr sm`vh roksah ik ch thbmr kc skroh thims `ms mrostms ik fmim prhe`kbm. «@h `mbkctme`k¾, ksfroeâm k` do`öshdh kc uch ik sus mrtâfu`hs, «ks quk `m prhpkcsoöc uco`mtkrm` chs obphsoeo`otm `m mffoöc¾. Buy prhcth Hrtkam frkk quk su vhfmfoöc fhcsostk kc fhctroeuor m `m bklhrm ik su pmâs, uc pkcsmbokcth quk pmsm phr k` klkrfofoh mftovh ik `m ph`âtofm. K` fmríftkr ik `hs kspmýh`ks gm ik bhiodofmrsk so ik vkrimi sk ikskm uc fmbeoh ik pkrspkftovm, tmcth kxostkcfom` h vovkcfom` fhbh shfom` h ph`âtofh. Kc ikdocotovm. Hrtkam kxoak quk `m mffoöc, y ch tmcth k` pkcsmbokcth, thbk `m ocofomtovm. Yrms su pmsh phr M`kbmcom, cukstrh do`öshdh vuk`vk m Kspmým fhc dukrzms rkchvmims y fhc uc mcsom kxmfkremim phr rkakckrmr `m sotumfoöc cmfohcm`. Fhbh mpuctm buy mtocmimbkctk Lhrio Armfom, pmrm Hrtkam `m «ph`âtofm ch ks `h quk thih k` bucih kctokcik phr ph`âtofm> ph`âtofm ks goaokck shfom` y dïrto` phrquk `m fmrkcfom kspmýh`m ks ik tkhrâm y pkcsmbokcth, ch ik bmcoherm y kcfmso``mbokcths fmfoquo`ks¾. Kspmým ckfksotm, kc doc, `h quk k` pkcsmihr bmiro`kýh ``mbm «mffoöc kspkfu`mtovm¾, ks ikfor, iksmrrh``mr, bís quk cukvms fhcfkpfohcks do`hsödofms, occhvmihrks y roaurhshs mraubkcths quk kbpulkc m `m shfokimi, m trmvïs ik sus octk`kftum`ks, m phckr cukvms emsks quk pkrbotmc uc fmbeoh ik rubeh. Kc skptokberk ik` mýh =?:? Hrtkam hfupm k` fmrah ik prhdkshr ik Zsofh`haâm, @öaofm y Ïtofm, m pksmr ik gmekr mrrkbktoih iurmbkctk, fhbh gkbhs kxp`ofmih, fhctrm k` sostkbm kiufmtovh kspmýh`. Voauk klkrfokcih ucm mftovm tmrkm pkrohiâstofm, mucquk kc k` dhcih iksfhcdâm ik kstk hdofoh y ik quokcks `h klkrfkc fhc k` ücofh helktovh ik hetkckr rïioths kfhcöbofhs. Buy ocd`uoih phr `ms fhcfkpfohcks shfom`ks ik Fhgkc y Cmthrp, m quokcks fmso vkckrm, Hrtkam ksfroek iovkrshs tkxths ik tkcikcfom kurhpkâstm, kc `hs quk miufk, tmlmctk, quk «Kspmým ks ucm phsoeo`oimi kurhpkm. Vh`h bormim iksik Kurhpm ks phsoe`k Kspmým¾. Vobu`tíckmbkctk m kstk obpu`sh kurhpkozmihr. Hrtkam prhphck iksmrrh``mr tmbeoïc `h prhpoh ik` fmríftkr bkiotkrríckh, ik `m «kbhfoöc kspmýh`m mctk k` bucih¾. Ch sh`h obphrtm pkcsmr `h akcïrofh, `hs armciks tkbms trmsfkcikctm`ks ik `m do`hshdâm ik thihs `hs tokbphs, soch (m)trmkr gmfom chshtrhs `h prhpoh ik `ms fhsms bís fkrfmcms, ik `hs msucths quk m thihs chs rkpkrfutkc> kc ikdocotovm, sk gmfk ckfksmroh phckr k` mfkcth sherk `h bhbkctíckh, quk, prkfosmbkctk phr trmtmrsk ik m`ah kdâbkrh, kc hfmsohcks sk pmsm phr m`th. Kstk pkcsmbokcth sk vkrí rkd`klmih bís mik`mctk kc su dkchbkch`haâm ik `m forfucstmcfom. Zkrh, m` bosbh tokbph, k` pkcsmbokcth kspmýh` ikek kcroqukfkrsk ik `h ucovkrsm`, ik` obpu`sh phr rkd`kxohcmr `h bís pröxobh iksik uc pucth ik vostm sustmcfom`, prhducih. M Hrtkam `k hesksohcmrí kc `hs mýhs phstkrohrks `m phsoeo`oimi ik quk `h kspmýh` ch fhctkcam (co gmym fhctkcoih cucfm), kc fumcth m do`hshdâm sk rkdokrk, cmim ik

kehhnk`h.fhb Zíaocm =7  

hroaocm`. Ks kcthcfks, rkfoïc kstrkcmim `m skaucim iïfmim ik` WW, fumcih `k msm`tm ucm sukrtk ik obpu`sh «ik vkrimi¾, ik ikskfgmr `h gkrkimih pmrm ``kvmr m fmeh ucm rkchvmfoöc ik` pkcsmbokcth kspmýh`, m`klmih (h fumcih bkchs ocikpkciozmih) ik `ms quklms y tkbhrks quk `hs iodkrkctks muthrks ik `m Akckrmfoöc ik` ?7 gmeâmc gkfgh suyhs trms k` doc ik soa`h. M cukstrh cukstrh prhtmahcostm `k octkrksm, sherk thih, smfmr m rk`ufor `h quk kc k` dhcih shbhs, skr chshtrhs bosbhs kc su skctoih bís a`hem`< ch sh`h k` ociovoiuh, soch tmbeoïc `m shfokimi, gm ik bmrfmrsk fhbh ücofm y bís akcuocm bktm `m ik mbeofohcmr skr ï` bosbh. Ik cukvh, heskrvmbhs, kc Hrtkam, quk do`hshdâm y ph`âtofm vmc ik `m bmch. Vkrí phr ksths mýhs fumcih sk pue`oqukc ihs ik `hs probkrhs `oerhs ik` do`öshdh< uch ikiofmih m uch ik `hs `otkrmths bís rkspktmihs ik` bhbkcth ( Zâh Emrhlm. Emrhlm. Mcmthbâm ik uc m`bm iospkrsm, iospkrsm, ik =?=5) y htrh kc k` quk ``kvm m fmeh uc pkrshcm` kstuioh ik `m ocbhrtm` herm ik Fkrvmctks ( (  Bkiotmfohcks ik` ]uolhtk, ]uolhtk, ik =?=9).

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm =?  

@m iobkcsoöc fhbüc ik cukstrms mffohcks Kc uc ksfroth pue`ofmih phr Hrtkam k` 9 ik lucoh ik =?:4 kc K` Obpmrfom` , emlh k` tâtu`h ik «@m fokcfom rhbíctofm¾, kxp`ofmem fhc thch skvkrh quk thim mffoöc gubmcm ksfhcik ucm «iobkcsoöc fhbüc< `h cmfohcm`¾. @m gubmcoimi, phr sâ bosbm, ch kxostk, sh`h fhcstotuyk uc oikm`< «kc tmcth quk vmbhs y vkcobhs, `m ücofm rkm`oimi ks `m cmfoöc, cukstrm cmfoöc¾. Yhih fumcth gmfkbhs rkpkrfutk ik m`aucm dhrbm kc k` fhclucth ik ociovoiuhs quk fhbphckc cukstrm shfokimi, phr `h quk m`ekrambhs uc tríaofh (kc tmcth quk ocshs`myme`k, obphstkrame`k) y «tkrroe`k ikekr fhc k` phrvkcor, quk im m cukstrms mffohcks thims uc vm`hr rk`oaohsh, phrquk so m`ah ik sufu`kcth gm ik fhfkrsk kc `hs pufgkrhs ik cukstrhs cokths, gmerkbhs ik fhbkczmr m auosmr`h mghrm¾. [c fmríftkr rk`oaohsh ik `m mffoöc quk chs uck fhc `m phstkroimi emlh k` soach ik `m rksphcsmeo`oimi. Kc drmsk bkbhrme`k, y kc htrh ik sus mrtâfu`hs tmbeoïc mpmrkfoih kc k` iomroh K` Obpmrfom` , Hrtkam mskvkrm quk «`hs bukrths ch bukrkc phr fhbp`kth fumcih bukrkc¾. forfucstmcfoms, fhc `m fukrim tokbph, sk sufkikc ucms @ms m htrms bkiomctk mtmims `m pkrbmckcfom ik ik` `ms mffohcks< «ch rkiuzfmbhs m `hs bukrths m `ms herms quk iklmrhc< ksth ks obpâh. Ukfhlmbhs `h quk müc qukim ik k``hs kc k` mork y rkvovmbhs sus vortuiks¾. @m bktm ik Hrtkam fhcsostk kc p`mctkmr ucm cukvm skcsoeo`oimi, mpk`mcih m `m kxpkrokcfom fhtoiomcm ik` fouimimch kc k` trmth fhc `ms fhsms quk `k rhikmc< `m rkakckrmfoöc kspmýh`m pmsm phr ocstm`mr m` ociovoiuh fhcfrkth, «ik fmrck y guksh¾ ’m` ikfor ik [cmbuch’, kc su forfucstmcfom. @m do`hshdâm gm ik skr tmbeoïc pukstm m` skrvofoh ik kstk prhykfth ph`âtofh, quk ikvuk`vk k` ghberk m` ghberk y chs myuim m supkrmr k` iksfhcfokrth pmrm rkkcfhctrmrchs m chshtrhs bosbhs. Kc ikdocotovm `m mffoöc fhctokck uc fhbphckctk shfom` quk gmfk rkdkrkcfom m `m kxpkrokcfom iorkftm, m` trmemlh phr `m dhrlm ik `m prhpom pkrspkftovm kc eusfm ik ucm fu`turm kbkrakctk, y `m do`hshdâm ch ks bís quk uc bhih (quozís k` bís mprhpomih) pmrm imr fhc `hs fhchfobokcths rk`kvmctks pmrm skr quokcks qukrkbhs skr kc `m voim. Fhbh iklö p`msbmih kc K` tkbm ik cukstrh tokbph, ks ckfksmroh quk «kc thih bhbkcth kstkbhs kc f`mrh sherk so, kc kdkfth, k` oikm` ïtofh quk ‐hdofom`bkctk‒ mfkptmbhs octkrksm k ocfotm `ms kckraâms prhducims ik cukstrm pkrshcm`oimi¾. Yhihs ikekbhs suspormr phrquk mcimcih k` tokbph ikc `hs kspârotus kspmýh`ks ucm eukcm fhskfgm ik smeoiurâm, y m bís ik suspormr, ikekbhs tklkr cukstrm voim prhpom ik sukrtk quk `harkbhs skr smeohs kc

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm 5:  

m`ah. Ckfksotmbhs fokcfom m thrrkctks, m io`uvohs pmrm quk sk chs kcbh``kzfmc, fhbh tokrrms rkamims, `ms rkskfms tkstms, iurms y gmstm ekrrhqukýms^6R.

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm 5=  

@hs probkrhs pmshs ik Hrtkam< kc eusfm ik uc sostkbm do`hsödofh Ukdkrkctks ock`uioe`ks phr ü`tobh, p`mctkmr ucm cukvm ihftrocm do`hsödofm quk ks m `m vkz do`hshdâm y ph`âtofm. Fhbh ociofm kc k` fhbokczh ik `m herm fhc su `kcaumlk fmrmftkrâstofh, «gmy ikctrh ik fmim fhsm `m ociofmfoöc ik ucm phsoe`k p`kcotui. [c m`bm meokrtm y che`k skctorí `m mbeofoöc ik pkrdkffohcmr`m, ik muxo`omr`m pmrm quk `hark ksm su p`kcotui. Ksth ks mbhr, k` mbhr m `m pkrdkffoöc ik `h mbmih¾. Zhr bufgh quk fmim fhsm pukim mpmrkfkr fhbh uc sobp`k fhbp`klh bmtkrom`, thim rkm`oimi fhctokck, m` ikfor ik Hrtkam, «uc gmim quk rkvostk ik boskrom y vu`amroimi sus tkshrhs octkrohrks y ks ucm vorakc gm ik kc skrsukcmbhrmim pmrm gmfkrsk dkfucim¾. @hcukstrm pkfu`omr ik soc mquk``h mbmbhsquk fhcsostk skr obprksfocioe`k< ch obmaocmbhs voim thih mquk `h quk prhdksmbhs uc socfkrh mbhr. Zhr ksh, m` mbmr ihcmbhs m `h htrh ucm pmrtk ik chshtrhs, fhbh so sk trmtmrm ik «ucm mbp`omfoöc ik `m ociovoium`oimi¾ quk sk ducik fhc chshtrhs. K` skr, kc kxprksoöc ik Mrostötk`ks, sk iofk ik bufgms bmckrms. _ kc sus bü`top`ks bmcodkstmfohcks sokbprk sk ksfhcik uc dhcih ksporotum` ik` quk sh`h chs gmfkbhs fhcsfokctks m trmvïs ik kstm pkfu`omr ihftrocm hrtkauomcm ik` mbhr. K` mbhr `oam thims `ms fhsms kctrk sâ kc ucm kstrufturm kskcfom`, phr `h quk, kc kxprksoöc ik` do`öshdh bmiro`kýh, «mbhr ks uc iovoch mrquotkfth quk emlö ik` fok`h¾. Zhr k` fhctrmroh, thih fumcth suphck ocfhckxoöc y iksbkbermbokcth kcfokrrm `m bís purm y voh`kctm ikstruffoöc, fuyh em`umrtk ks k` hioh. M luofoh ik Hrtkam, ks k` puke`h kspmýh`, buy prhf`ovk m prhvkkrsk ik uc «fhrmzöc e`ocimih¾, k` quk gmfk quk `hs puke`hs sk skpmrkc, prhvhfmcih m `m vkz uc «ocfksmctk y prharksovh ikrrubembokcth ik `hs vm`hrks¾. @m docm`oimi quk cukstrh prhtmahcostm pkrsoauk kc kstms tkbprmcms  Bkiotmfohcks ik` ]uolhtk ks  ks  gmfkr rkfmpmfotmr m `m shfokimi kspmýh`m, y kc fhcfrkth m `hs bís lövkcks, sherk `m bm`ïvh`m y pkrcofohsm mffoöc ik` hioh. Vh`h k` mbhr ikek mibocostrmr k` ucovkrsh ik `hs msucths gubmchs. _ m fhctocumfoöc suaokrk Hrtkam `ms mrbms quk m su m`fmcfk phskk pmrm ``kvmr m fmeh tm` kbprksm< «pmrm octkctmr ksth ch gmy kc bo bmch htrh bkioh quk prkskctmr`ks socfkrmbkctk k` kspkftífu`h ik uc ghberk maotmih phr k` vovh mdíc ik fhbprkcikr¾.

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm 56  

Fhbh kc `m  Bktmdâsofm  ktmdâsofm  mrosthtï`ofm h  K` Frotoföc  Frotoföc  ik Em`tmsmr Armfoíc, ks k` mshberh quk prhfurm `m do`hshdâm k` bhthr quk ikek auomr `m mbeofoöc phr fhchfkr, y sherk thih, phr ikspkrtmr `ms fhcfokcfoms bís ihrboims. Ikekbhs dhbkctmr `m furohsoimi octk`kftum` ik bmckrm quk chs soctmbhs octkrpk`mihs phr «tkbms occubkrme`ks¾, phr bu`totui ik msucths quk «gokrmc cukstrm m`bm¾ fhc k` helktovh ik fhbprkcikr bklhr k` bucih. [cm «`hfurm ik mbhr¾, fhbh kxprksmem Z`mtöc kc su ioí`hah  Dkirh kirh, quk gm ik ioroaorsk m thims `ms fhsms kxostkctks. M` oaum` quk k` hioh suphck `m fmrm fhctrmrom ik` mbhr, ks k` rkcfhr uch ik sus ermzhs mrbmihs bís phtkctks. Zmrm Hrtkam, k` rkcfhr ch ks bís quk «fhcfokcfom ik ocdkrohroimi¾ quk chs kbpulm m iksgmfkrchs ik quokc ch phikbhs gmfkr`h. Ym` obphsoeo`oimi ``kcm k` fhrmzöc ik iksmzöc y `h fhcvokrtk kc uc öramch ik` quk sh`h kbmcm ocboskrofhrik pulmczm phr mfmemr fhc k` helkth ik cukstrh hioh. Zhr ksh, k` rkcfhr ikchtm bokih y, tmbeoïc, pkrkzm, puksth quk mguykctm k` mdíc ik supkrmfoöc ociovoium`. K` obpu`sh phr fhchfkr rkquokrk uc ksdukrzh ch sh`h octk`kftum`, soch mcâbofh, fmso skctobkctm`, phr iklmrsk mprkgkcikr phr k` bmacktosbh quk thim rkm`oimi iksprkcik. Fhbh gkbhs ociofmih, thih fhctokck kc su octkrohr uc «gmim¾, ucm phtkcfom quk gmfk ik fmim fhsm m`ah orrkpktoe`k, mfmsh smarmih. Buy ocd`uoih phr m`aucms ik `ms oikms ik Coktzsfgk, Hrtkam kstobm quk k` mbhr kcfokrrm tmbeoïc ucm fmpmfoimi `ufgmihrm, ik fhbemtk, quk kcfhctrmbhs kc «thim m`bm rheustm¾. Zhr bufgh quk fhbprkcimbhs `m phsofoöc ik` kckboah, k` mbhr chs kbpulm m fhbemtor fhriom`bkctk (phr obpkrmtovh bhrm`, quk vokck ik ikctrh) `hs oikm`ks quk fhcsoikrmbhs kquovhfmihs. Kc hphsofoöc m kstm fmrmftkrâstofm rheustkz, kcfhctrmbhs k` kspârotu iïeo` y rkcfhrhsh, quk sk mtrocfgkrm kc uc dmcmtosbh kstïro` y mcquo`hsmih. Vo ik vkrimi kxostk uc oikm` bhrm`, ikekbhs erkamr phr m`fmczmr`h, ikrroemcih k` obpkroh ik `ms bhrm`oimiks bís pkrvkrsms (quk, kc hpocoöc ik Hrtkam, shc thims `ms bhrm`ks uto`otmroms). Vo qukrkbhs quk `m `oekrtmi skm k` mutïctofh fhrmzöc ik cukstrms mffohcks, ikekbhs ikstkrrmr thih ihabmtosbh ik cukstrh oikmroh. _ ks quk, pmrm Hrtkam, sh`h phikbhs skr bhrm`ks fumcih cukstrh ícobh kxmbocm, ucm m ucm, fmim mffoöc quk phikbhs ``kvmr m fmeh, octkrrhaícihchs phr `m fm`oimi y fum`oimi ik fmim ucm ik k``ms. Ik mgâ quk k` pkcsmihr sk bukstrk mquâ tmc iktkrbocmctk< «skrí ocbhrm` thim bhrm` quk ch obpkrk kctrk sus ikekrks k` ikekr probmroh ik gm``mrchs iospuksths fhcstmctkbkctk m `m rkdhrbm, fhrrkffoöc y mubkcth ik` oikm` ïtofh¾. Hrtkam ikiofm k` fmpâtu`h =1 ik `ms  Bkiotmfohcks ik` ]uolhtk  ]uolhtk m ocimamr quoïc ks k` ociovoiuh ikstocmih m kbpuýmr `m imam ik `m bhrm`oimi, m fhbemtor k` hioh quk sh`h sokberm skpmrmtosbhs y rkcfo``ms occkfksmroms kctrk skrks gubmchs y shfokimiks. Vh`h ks «gïrhk¾, mskaurm Hrtkam, mquk` quk ik vkrimi ikskm skr ï` bosbh< «`m rmâz ik `h gkrhofh gí``msk, puks, kc uc mfth rkm` ik `m vh`uctmi¾.

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm 59  

Ihc ]uolhtk rkprkskctm `m doaurm pmrmioabítofm ik` gïrhk, quk pulm fhc `ms forfucstmcfoms m pksmr ik quk kstms sk octkrphcamc kc su fmboch, y, fhbh ksfroeâm [cmbuch, sk ioroak sokbprk mik`mctk, soc bormr mtrís y soc bokih m` phrvkcor. K` tkbm tríaofh phr mcthchbmsom, iorí Hrtkam, ks k` quk sk hfupm ik `m vh`uctmi. M` gïrhk ik `m vh`uctmi ch `k bmcklm k` ikstoch (ks ikfor, ch sk pkrbotk frkkr kc `m dmtm`oimi, kc k` ikstoch co kc su phsoe`k ocd`ulh). o cd`ulh). @m trmakiom ik kstk gïrhk ks `m mbeofoöc phr qukrkr skr ï` bosbh emlh fum`quokr fhyucturm. [cm ikfosoöc quk m `m vkz fhbphrtm ucm he`oamfoöc fmpotm`< `m rksphcsmeo`oimi ik `hs prhpohs mfths, ik `ms prhpoms mffohcks, y phr tmcth, `m rksphcsmeo`oimi ik föbh phckbhs kc príftofm cukstrm `oekrtmi. ]uokc ikfoik skr gïrhk ik `m vh`uctmi smek quk `k hfurrk fumcth `k hfurrk phrquk msâ `h quokrk. [cm mdorbmfoöc quk bufgh tokck quk vkr fhc `m ocd`ukcfom ik Mrostötk`ks kc k` pkcsmbokcth ik Hrtkam y fhc `m rk`mfoöc ik kstk fhc `m ihftrocm ik Lkmc-Zmu` Vmrtrk. Fumcih k` pkcsmihr arokah ikdock kc su  Ïtofm m M pksmr ik gmekr cmfoih vkoctk mýhs bís tmrik quk Hrtkam y Amsskt, k` ks-  Coföbmfh  oföbmfh  `ms «mffohcks boxtms¾ (phr klkbp`h, pmýh` y Lkmc-Zmu` Vmrtrk fhbpmrtkc mrrhlmr kc p`kcm thrbkctm `m vm`ohsm fmram ik uc emrfh iovkrshs mspkfths ik sus ihftrocms dom doc ik sherkvovor), sk phck ik bmcodoksth ucm `hsödofms. probmfâm ik` bucih rkspkfth m cukstrm vh`uctmi. Zhikbhs ikdocor `ms mffohcks boxtms fhbh mquk``ms kc `ms quk gmfkbhs m`ah quk kc rkm`oimi ch qukrkbhs gmfkr, dhrzmihs phr `ms forfucstmcfoms. Vk trmtm ik mffohcks vh`uctmroms pkrh fhc ucm pmrtk ocvh`uctmrom< Kc fumcthikm `h sk gmfk phr ik tkbhr m bmyhrks phr m`aucm fmusm che`k mbkcmzícih`k (phr klkbp`h, sofhc ucbmtmr`hs tormch quk ks iukýh `hsquk pmirks k golhs m`auokc bmcimbm`ks m kstkhgmfkr m`ah vkrahczhsh, so ch `h gmfâm, pkrh sm`vmr`hs so `h gmfâm), ks iuihsh so kstk mfth ks vh`uctmroh h ocvh`uctmroh. M`ah skbklmctk hfurrk fumcih sk mrrhlm k` fmrambkcth m` bmr kc `ms tkbpkstmiks< cmiok soc bís `h gmfk fhc marmih, soch quk ^9R. phr su prhpom sm`vmfoöc y `m ik `hs ikbís `h gmfkc thihs `hs skcsmths ^9R.

Zmrm uc pkcsmihr fhbh Vmrtrk, fhbprhbktoih fhc k` klkrfofoh ik `m `oekrtmi, kstk toph ik mffohcks ch kcfukctrmc `uamr kc su sostkbm. K` drmcfïs gme`m ik` fmríftkr mesh`uth   ik `m k`kffoöc< sokbprk sk phirâm gmekr k`kaoih gmfkr htrm fhsm. M luofoh ik mesh`uth Vmrtrk, kxostk kc fum`quokr sotumfoöc ucm m`tkrcmtovm phsoe`k m fhbh ik gkfgh sk gm mftumih, mucquk kc k` fmsh ik` emrfh y `m thrbkctm sk hptmrm phr `h quk kc ksk fmsh ekckdofomem m` bmroch< `m fmusm ik su mffoöc duk k` mbhr m sâ bosbh (uc mprkfoh ik sâ quk, phr fokrth, ch kstí rkýoih kc Mrostötk`ks fhc k` mbhr m `m vortui).

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm 5;  

K` do`öshdh arokah mdorbm, soc kbemrah, quk trms `m rkm`ozmfoöc ik ucm mffoöc boxtm, sokbprk qukim uc phsh ik mrrkpkctobokcth. Vmrtrk ikskm m`klmrchs ik kstk toph ik mraubkctmfoöc (tmbeoïc Hrtkam, fhc su klkbp`h ik` gïrhk ik `m vh`uctmi), y mrauyk quk cukstrm ik`oekrmfoöc ch pukik skr prosohckrm ik `ms forfucstmcfoms< thih kstroem kc k` prkfoh ik cukstrm ikfosoöc, kc `h quk iklmbhs ik `mih fumcih k`kaobhs. Ik kstm bmckrm sk iksioeulmc `ms drhctkrms kctrk `h vh`uctmroh y `h ocvh`uctmroh< `m drhctkrm kctrk gmfkr m`ah h ch gmfkr`h sk kcfukctrm mghrm mctks ik `m mffoöc, y ch ikspuïs, uc `âbotk quk sh`h pukik kstmr bmrfmih phr cukstrm `oekrtmi. Vhbhs chshtrhs quokcks, kc k` `oerk klkrfofoh ik cukstrm fmpmfoimi ik k`kffoöc, ikfoiobhs so m`ah bkrkfk `m pkcm h ch> k` pmrm-sâ (k` ociovoiuh `oerk), iorí Vmrtrk, y ch k` bucih forfucimctk, tokck ’y gm ik tkckr’ `m ü`tobm pm`merm. @m thrbkctm quk mbkcmzm fhc gucior k` emrfh pkrtkckfk m` tkrrkch ik `h kc-sâ, suphck ucm mivkrsoimi quk ch sherkpulm k` phikr ik cukstrm vh`uctmi. Vmrtrk cokam ik kstm dhrbm k` phikr ik` bucih pmrm ikfoior phr chshtrhs< ch shbhs ucm gkrkcfom, uc prhiufth gkfgh, co soquokrm kstmbhs iktkrbocmihs phr cukstrh pmsmih> kstí kc cukstrms bmchs phikr phckr kc tk`m ik luofoh fum`quokr sufksh ym mfhctkfoih. Zhskkbhs k` phikr ik `m ikstruffoöc ik `h ocmbhvoe`k. Kstmbhs pkrpktumbkctk fhbprhbktoihs kc cukstrm k`kffoöc, y shbhs pkrpktumbkctk fhcsfokctks ik quk chshtrhs bosbhs phikbhs ocvkrtor erusfmbkctk ksm k`kffoöc y vormr kc rkihcih, puks prhykftmbhs k` phrvkcor fhc cukstrh prhpoh skr, y `h rhkbhs pkrpktumbkctk fhc cukstrm `oekrtmi kxostkcfom`, mcucfoícihchs m chshtrhs bosbhs `h quk shbhs phr bkioh ik` phrvkcor, y soc ihbocoh m`auch sherk kstk phrvkcor, quk pkrbmckfk sokbprk phsoe`k soc pmsmr lmbís m `m fmtkahrâm ik rkm`. Msâ, kstmbhs pkrpktumbkctk shbktoihs m `m mbkcmzm ik `m cogo`ozmfoöc ik cukstrm k`kffoöc mftum`, m `m mbkcmzm ik k`kaorchs ’y, phr fhcsoauokctk, ik vh`vkrchs’  htrhs ik `h quk shbhs^;R.

Ik kstk bhih, k` skr gubmch ks pmrm Vmrtrk mquk` skr fuym kxostkcfom prkfkik m `m kskcfom. Vo chs ks phsoe`k h`voimr cukstrh pmsmih pmrm fhcstotuor uc cukvh prkskctk ks phr uc bhtovh hcth`öaofh< k` bucih ch sk ioroak m chshtrhs fhmftovmbkctk (m` bhih kc quk k` pk`oarh `h gmfk kc k` klkbp`h mrosthtï`ofh ik` emrfh), soch quk shbhs chshtrhs `hs quk phckbhs kc ï` `hs hestífu`hs h dmfo`oimiks kc ducfoöc ik` doc quk pkrsoambhs. Cocaüc sufksh phskk `m dukrzm sudofokctk fhbh pmrm fhcvkrtorsk kc fmusm ik cukstrm mffoöc< ks k` yh quokc im skr m `ms fhsms. Vo ch fhcdkrobhs skctoih m `ms fhsms, k``ms ch skríc cmim. Mquk` pk`oarh quk pmrkfk orrkvhfme`k k orrkcucfome`k pukik skr fhcvkrtoih, prkfosmbkctk, prkfosmbkctk, kc cmim, y k``h m fmusm ik cukstrm dmfu`tmi pmrm ihtmr ik skctoih m `m rkm`oimi, m `h kc-sâ. Vmrtrk mskaurm quk `m octk`oakcfom ik` pmrm-sâ, ik` skr gubmch, pukik fhbpmrmrsk fhc ucm díerofm ik cmim quk ch fksm ik akckrmr skctoih< ik gkfgh, cukstrm kxostkcfom fhcsostk kc `m fhcquostm ik kstk skctoih. @h obphrtmctk ks pmrm k` do`öshdh drmcfïs quk k` makctk rkfhchzfm `h quk gm gkfgh< msubor k` mvmcfk gmfom `m iorkffoöc quk sk gm k`kaoih (quk m su vkz prhvokck ik uc prhykfth pkrshcm`). Zhr ksh, `hs mffoikctks kstíc ym ocf`uoihs kc `h quk puiokrm

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm 54  

pmrkfkr uc duturh ocihbme`k< kstmbhs ikstocmihs m k`kaor, muc fumcih ch qukrmbhs. Zhr ksh, m pksmr ik quk ch phimbhs prkvkr `hs mfhctkfobokcths vkcoikrhs, sokbprk skrkbhs `hs muthrks ik su skctoih. Hrkstks< Ch shy co k` mbh co k` ksf`mvh, Lüpotkr. ¡Vhy bo `oekrtmi! Mpkcms bk frkmstk, iklï ik pkrtkckfkrtk ^4R.

Fumcih chs vkbhs ihe`kamihs phr fokrtms sotumfohcks. Vmrtrk gme`mrí ik ucm `oekrtmi «boxtodofmim¾, ik ucphr fhbokczh puksths uc skaucih p`mch, cocauckmihs phr k` bucih, mquk``mskaucih< thrbkctmshbhs ockspkrmim qukkcsmfuik k` emrfh. K` bmroch quk kfgm phr `m ehrim `m fmram m doc ik sherkvovor gm soih vkcfoih, k`oak `h quk k`oakc sus forfucstmcfoms y, msâ, ks puksth kc ucm sotumfoöc prkfmrom, bkckstkrhsm, ik bmckrm quk `h quk gmam docm`bkctk ch phirí skr co soquokrm rkfhchfoih fhbh herm suym. Iklm ik skr rksphcsme`k ik su `oekrtmi. @m sotumfoöc ks bâm, mikbís, phrquk ks `m obmakc ik bo `oerk k`kffoöc ik bâ bosbh y thih fumcth k``m bk prkskctm ks bâh phrquk bk rkprkskctm y sobeh`ozm^1R.

Kc ikdocotovm, m luofoh ik Vmrtrk, kc fmim ocstmctk ks phsoe`k thbmr iostmcfom ik `h pmsmih, phr@ms k``h, tmbeoïcprkskctks phikbhsikikfoior quïgubmch, ks `h quk shbhs, quï toph ik makctk vmbhs myskr. mffohcks fmim skr y ch `m prksuctm tkcikcfom m` eokc h m` bm`, shc `ms quk chs fhcdoaurmc fhbh skrks kc `oekrtmi, ucm `oekrtmi quk chs fhcvokrtk kc supkrmihrks ik `h rkm`, ik `h kc-sâ, ik `h kc mpmrokcfom dolmih kc k` kspmfoh y kc k` tokbph. Vh`h chshtrhs phikbhs prhykftmr fhcstmctkbkctk cukstrh prhpoh phrvkcor. phrvkcor. Cukstrh ikstoch ch sk kcfukctrm kc bmchs ik cocaüc phikr mesh`uth, soch kc `ms cukstrms.

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm 51  

K` pocthr rhbíctofh Fmspmr-Imvoi Drokirofg rkfurroö kc cubkrhsms hfmsohcks m pmosmlks ik gok`h quk kvhfmemc ocbhvo`oimi, ucm quoktui bhrtm`< uc bmfozh kc sâ quk eokc phirâm hphckrsk m `m fhcfkpfoöc hrtkauomcm ik `m `oekrtmi.

K` ghberk ks `oekrtmi, ch kxostk iktkrbocosbh m`auch co vm`hrks quk pukimc hrokctmr cukstrm fhciuftm ik bmckrm ikdocotovm< kstmbhs fhcikcmihs m skr `oerks. Ymbeoïc shbhs rksphcsme`ks ik cukstrms pmsohcks ’m `ms quk kc cubkrhsms hfmsohcks rkfurrobhs pmrm lustodofmr mffohcks quk, ikfobhs, ch kstmem kc cukstrm bmch kvotmr (`h quk Vmrtrk ``mbmrí «fhciuftms bíaofms¾). [cm phsofoöc ik` thih sobo`mr m `m ikdkcioim phr Hrtkam kc  Bkiotmfohcks ik` ]uolhtk, ]uolhtk, fumcih mskaurm quk «`klhs, puks, ik hroaocmrsk kc `m dmtm`oimi `h tríaofh, ks kskcfom` m` gïrhk qukrkr su tríaofh ikstoch¾. Vh`h k` mutïctofh qukrkr ks frkmihr, kbmcfopmihr. Mrostötk`ks ch kctkcikrâm quk kc uc fmsh fhbh k` ik` emrfh rksu`tmsk vome`k ucm rksphcsmeo`oimi mesh`utm, bokctrms quk pmrm Vmrtrk ch gmy bís vortui co vm`hr quk `hs frkmihs ik `m cmim phr chshtrhs (phr k` pmrm-sâ). Zmrm Vmrtrk, tmcth `h mffoikctm` ik `m thrbkctm fhbh `m msucfoöc ik vm`hrks gmc ik rksphcikr sokbprk mctk k` klkrfofoh ik cukstrm `oekrtmi. Vu skctoih ks imih phr chshtrhs, ch phikbhs mtroeuor `h ocvh`uctmroh m `h dhrtuoth< gkbhs ik amrmctozmr sokbprk cukstrm muthchbâm, quk `h gkfgh skm ``kvmih m fmeh `oerkbkctk iksik k` pmrm-sâ< kc ucm voim ch gmy mffoikctks, thih skctoih ks fhcdoaurmih phr m`auokc, phr uc makctk.

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm 57  

Cmiok smek `h quk pukik gmfkr uc ghberk ik sâ bosbh gmstm quk m`auokc `h bukstrm m `m `uz ik su prhykfth> gmy tmctms bmckrms ik kxostor k` prhpoh fukrph, fukrph, kxp`ofmrí Vmrtrk, fhbh pkrshcms kxostkc. K` bucih ch hphck hestífu`hs h rksostkcfoms mesh`utms, soch fhctocakctks, fhbh thih `h quk pkrtkckfk m `h kc-sâ, fuyh fhkdofokctk ik mivkrsoimi ks kvm`umih phr cukstrm `oekrtmi. K` pmrm-sâ shstokck vm`hrks quk ikspuïs ik k`kaoihs pukikc skr k`obocmihs< phskk ucm phtkcfom cmiodofmihrm cmiodofmihrm   quk obphck skctoih, rkemsmcih fhcstmctkbkctk `h quk gm soih. Tovobhs sokbprk dukrm ik sâ, fhcsostobhs y shbhs kxpkrths kc kstk rkemsmbokcth. Yhih ghberk quk sk rkduaom iktrís ik `m kxfusm ik sus pmsohcks, thih ghberk quk ocvkctm uc iktkrbocosbh, ks uc ghberk ik bm`m dk^7R.

Kc ikdocotovm, phikbhs ikfor m ghberhs ik Hrtkam y ik Vmrtrk quk ch gmy uc mdukrm ik `m suelktovoimi< `m pmsoöc `m pmikfkbhs y `m phckbhs chshtrhs, ks tmc cukstrm fhbh `m vkrimi h k` eokc. @m bkrm rkd`kxoöc ch ks `m quk o`ubocm `h quk gmy quk gmfkr, soch quk ``kvmbhs m fmeh ucm hpkrmfoöc quk chs gmfk rkemsmr k` prkskctk gmfom uc kstmih duturh quk fhcstotuyk cukstrh doc, k`  pmrm quï . Kc k` `kcaumlk prhpoh ik Vmrtrk, `m dhrbm ik `m `ky quk sk im k` pmrm-sâ fhcsostk kc ucm cmim< pkcsmr quk k` bucih tokck m`aüc phikr sherk chshtrhs ks kctrmr kc k` rkoch ik `m pmsovoimi. Mspkfths quk, quozís, k` prhpoh Vmrtrk phirâm gmekr thbmih ik Hrtkam, fumcih kstk mskaurm quk «k` fmríftkr ik `h gkrhofh kstroem kc `m vh`uctmi ik skr `h quk müc ch sk ks¾, y quk phr ksh «k` pkrshcmlk tríaofh tokck bkioh fukrph dukrm ik `m rkm`oimi¾. Zhr ksh, kc kxprksoöc k`hfukctk ik` do`öshdh bmiro`kýh, `m mimptmfoöc imrwocomcm m` bkioh ch ks bís quk «subosoöc y rkcucfom¾< so m`ah gmfk Imrwoc, m luofoh ik Hrtkam, ks ehrrmr `hs gïrhks «ik sherk k` gmz ik `m tokrrm¾. t okrrm¾. @m voim sh`h tokck skctoih fumcih chshtrhs sk `h imbhs< cmim gmy imih ik mctkbmch gmstm quk kstrufturmbhs k` bucih kc vortui ik uc prhykfth. @m thrbkctm m `m quk m`uik sh`hcmiok, tkcirí sok` kxostokrm skctoih quk chshtrhs ikfoimbhs hthramr`k> `m thrbkctm ch Mrostötk`ks sk iokrm pmrm ücofmbkctk kc uc rkbhth pucthsoik` hfïmch, skrâm purm bmtkrom, purh bmfozh kc-sâ. _ ihcik sh`h gmy kc-sâ, fhbokczm `m cíuskm, k` phikr ik `h htrh, ik `h mlkch…

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm 5?  

@m obphrtmcfom ik` pkrohiosbh fhbh fhbprhbosh shfom` kxostkcfom`ostm Kc k` prhfksh ik rkakckrmfoöc ph`âtofm, shfom` k octk`kftum` quk Hrtkam ikskm ``kvmr m fmeh kc Kspmým, tokck bufgh quk vkr `m vh`uctmi ik iom`hamr fhc sus octkr`hfuthrks cmfohcm`ks ik bmckrm drmcfm y iorkftm> fhc `hs fouimimchs quk, fhc ï`, fhbpmrtkc sobo`mrks vofosotuiks y mdrhctmc skbklmctks prhe`kbms. Hrtkam kctokcik quk sh`h pukik gmekr fmbeoh kc k` rk`kvh akckrmfohcm` m trmvïs ik uc prhfksh ik rkchvmfoöc. [ch ch gme`m soc bís pmrm ikfor `m vkrimi co kxprksmr uc pucth ik vostm prhpoh< ikctrh ik fmim akckrmfoöc gmy uc aruph ik pkrshcms quk sk fhbucofmc kctrk sâ y ikdockc su pkcsmbokcth ik ucm dhrbm prkfosm kc ducfoöc ik` ioí`hah quk bmctokckc butumbkctk. Ik mgâ `m obphrtmcfom quk k` pkcsmihr kspmýh` hthr hthram am m `ms bochrâms. Ym`ks bochrâms, m luofoh ik Hrtkam, ch sk fhbphckc ik pkrshcms provo`kaomims kc fum`quokr skctoih, fhc ucm phsofoöc shfom` h kfhcöbofm iostocauoim. Hrtkam kctokcik quk k` ociovoiuh pukik iksmrrh``mr su bíxobh covk` ik rkd`kxoöc, su öptobm fmpmfoimi octk`kftum` fhbh mshberh h octkrïs mctk `mprocfopohs. rkm`oimi, sokbprk uc fhctkxth kc(kctkcioim k` quk fhbpmrtk fhc htrhs sus bosbhs Ik mgâ p`urm`), ikrovmríkcucm vh`uctmi ik mshfomrsk fhc htrhs kc ducfoöc ik `h bklhr< chs oikctodofmbhs fhc cukstrhs skbklmctks phrquk kxostk uc octkrïs fhbüc quk, m `m vkz, chs ocykftm k` mauolöc ik `m furohsoimi quk, m doc ik fukctms, fhcsostk kc rkovociofmr `m prhpom pkrspkftovm. Vo `m do`hshdâm ks `m fokcfom akckrm` ik` mbhr, fhbh kxprksmem Hrtkam kc  Bkiotmfohcks ik` ]uolhtk, ]uolhtk, kstm iosfop`ocm chs myuimrí m iksmrrh``mr `m «hbcâbhim fhckxoöc¾ quk sk im kc thih `h kxostkctk. Fhbprkcikr fhcsostk kc fmptmr tm` urioberk ocvosoe`k, ksk «tkshrh ik soacodofmfoöc¾ quk sk ksfhcik trms fmim kxostkctk y quk m thih fhgksohcm. Vh`h klkrfokcih ucm cukvm bormim mctk `ms fhsms, mctk `h quk sk chs prkskctm kc `m fhtoiomckoimi, phirkbhs kctkcikr «`m kchrbk pkrspkftovm ik` bucih¾. Kc kstk skctoih, k` pkrohiosbh quk ``kvö m fmeh Hrtkam iksik buy lhvkc sk kcfukctrm prkýmih ik uc fhbprhbosh shfom` quk ch iklm ik prkauctmrsk phr `m `mehr quk k` prhpoh pkrohiostm gm ik kbprkcikr pmrm obprobor ucm cukvm fhcfokcfom kc `m phe`mfoöc. Fhbh ksfroek kc `ms probkrms `âckms ik  K` Kspkftmihr, Kspkftmihr, ocd`uoih ik cukvh phr k` pkrspkftovosbh ik Coktzsfgk, «fmim ghberk tokck ucm bosoöc ik vkrimi¾, puks ihcik kstí cukstrm pupo`m, ch kstí `m ik `hs ikbís< «`h quk ik `m rkm`oimi vk bo pupo`m ch `h vk htrm. Vhbhs ocsustotuoe`ks, shbhs ckfksmrohs¾, mdorbm Hrtkam kc uch ik `hs bís ikpukik `m hermskrbkcfohcmim. fmim uc pucthfk`kerks ik vostmdrmabkcths ücofh quk ch ikskfgmih, Fmim sm`vh skr, roksah ik shfokimi, iksprkfomrsuphck ucm pmrtk obphrtmctk ik `m gubmcoimi fhbh fhclucth ik skrks quk mdrhctmc ucm bosbm rkm`oimi iksik iostocths pucths ik vostm.

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm 6:  

@m rkm`oimi ch ks, msâ, uc fhclucth ik fhsms quk sk im ik mctkbmch y ik bmckrm ikdocotovm, soch quk sk hdrkfk m trmvïs ik p`urm`ks pkrspkftovms ociovoium`ks quk, kc su butuh lukah, gmfkc ik` bucih uc ksfkcmroh fm`koihsföpofh.  K` Kspkftmihr  Kspkftmihr ik Hrtkam prktkcik gmfkrsk fmrah ik kstk ucovkrsh tmc rofh, kc k` quk cocaucm pkrspkftovm mahtm phr fhbp`kth `m fmpmfoimi frkmihrm quk, kc su kcfukctrh, miquokrk `m ucoöc ik bo`ks, bo``hcks ik k``ms. @m forfucstmcfom ociovoium` ik fmim skr ks ocsustotuoe`k< «¡Armvk h`voih, bâskrm thrpkzm ch gmfkrsk fmrah, fmrah, soch ik ucms phfms forfucstmcfoms, fumcih kc vkrimi chs rhikm thih! thih! _h ch sobpmtozh fhc k` `hfh y k` bâstofh¾, ksfroeâm Hrtkam, «m`fmczm thih bo kctusomsbh k` ghberk quk sk gmfk fmrah ik `ms forfucstmcfoms, fhc tm` quk ch sk h`voik ik cocaucm¾. cocaucm¾. Zhr ksh, k` pkrohiostm ``kvm m fmeh uc mrtk buy socau`mr, h m` bkchs gm ik gmfkr`h< rkucor emlh uc pucth ik vostm kcroqukfkihr y a`hem` ucm pkrspkftovm quk sk gmam fmrah ik thih fumcth sufkik m su m`rkikihr, soc iklmr cmim ik `mih. K` pkrohiosbh, msâ, qukim fhcvkrtoih kc ucm sukrtk ik mrtk suprkbh quk kbmcm ik uc socau`mr skctoih fu`turm`. Fhbh kxp`ofm Lu`oíc Bmrâms, «kspârotu, `hahs, soacodofm pmrm Hrtkam skctoih, fhckxoöc, ucoimi< thih `h quk ks bkrmbkctk ociovoium` k ocbkiomth, phr skr ocfhckxh, ks ocsoacodofmctk ocsoacodofmctk   y soc skctoih¾. Voc kbemrah, kc fhctrmstk fhc `m iobkcsoöc ucâvhfm ik` ociovoiuh, kxostk uc meosbh iksik k` quk ch sh`h k` pkrohiostm kc k` klkrfofoh ik su prhdksoöc, soch k` do`öshdh y k` fouimimch, ikekc phckr thih kc fhckxoöc fhc k` helktovh ik octkrprktmr `m rkm`oimi m` bhih ik uc thih. @m rkm`oimi sk fhbphck ik occubkrme`ks vosohcks< sh`h k` mfth kspkfâdofmbkctk Lu`oíc Bmrâms duk uch ik `hs bís obphrtmctks iosfâpu`hs ik Hrtkam y Amsskt, muthr ik ucm  Gosthrom ik `m do`hshdâm   quk thimvâm ghy sk kstuiom kc shdâm ocstotuths y ucovkrsoimiks.

fu`turm` «ks k` frkmihr, mquk` kc quk kxtrmkbhs k` `hahs i  k m`ah quk thimvâm krm ocsoacodofmctk¾. `hahs

Vh`h fumcih k` pkrohiostm sk fhcvkcfk ik `m obphrtmcfom fu`turm` y shfom` ik su trmemlh fherm fhcsfokcfom ik `m kcluciom kxostkcfom` ik` hdofoh quk klkrfk. _ ks quk, fhc toctks quk prk`uiomc k` kxostkcfom`osbh ik bkiomihs ik` soa`h WW, Hrtkam mskaurm quk «`m vkrimi, `h rkm`, k` ucovkrsh, `m voim ’fhbh qukríos ``mbmr`h  ’, sk quokerm kc dmfktms occubkrme`ks¾, occubkrme`ks¾, puks thihs tkckbhs ucm bosoöc ik vk vkrimi rimi kc tmcth quk «`m rkm`oimi ch pukik skr bormim soch iksik k` pucth ik vostm quk fmim fum` hfupm, kc k` ucovkrsh¾. @m pkrspkftovm uc fhbphckctk ik` ucovkrsh,dmtm`bkctk, quk, kc fhckxoöc fhc `ms ikbís, fhbphck k` ks bucih fhbh tm`. Co rkm` soquokrm Iohs, ihcik suphckbhs sk rkückc thims k``ms, phskk `m vkrimi mesh`utm< puks thims `ms pkrspkftovms shc fokrtms kc sâ bosbms, kc tmcth quk rkückc kc su skch ucm dhrbm

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm 6=  

ik heskrvmr y fm`oermr k` bucih quk chs forfucim< «Iohs ch ks rmfohcm`ostm. Vu pucth ik vostm ks k` ik fmim uch ik chshtrhs> cukstrm vkrimi pmrfom` ks tmbeoïc vkrimi pmrm  Iohs¾. ohs¾.

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm 65  

@m ocd`ukcfom ik` pkrspkftovosbh ik Coktzsfgk kc Hrtkam  K` pkrspkftovosbh hrtkauomch tokck ucm f`mrm rmoamberk coktzsfgkmcm. @m voim, kc hpocoöc ik` do`öshdh m`kbíc, ch pukik ch octkrprktmr< «ch gmy gkfghs, soch octkrprktmfohcks¾. @m octkrprktmfoöc phskk kc Coktzsfgk uc fmríftkr hcth`öaofh eísofh, hraícofh. Kc k` drmabkcth =9 ^=;5R ik sus Drmabkcths pöstubhs, ksfroek< «`m vh`uctmi ik phikr fhbh fhchfobokcth ^…R, ch ‐fhchfkr‒, soch ksqukbmtozmr, obphckr m` fmhs rkau`mroimi y dhrbms sudofokctks ik bmckrm quk smtosdmam cukstrm ckfksoimi príftofm¾. ¸Ks Coktzsfgk mfmsh uc gkrbkckutm8 ¸Zhr quï sk iofk kc iovkrshs fhctkxths quk duk ï` quokc ocstmurö `ms emsks ik `m gkrbkcïutofm8 Vo phckbhs k` pok kc Amimbkr y Gkoikaakr (kstk ü`tobh, armc ocd`ukcfom ik` bís bmiurh Hrtkam), heskrvmbhs föbh pmrtkc sokbprk ik ucm kstrufturm ik  prkfhbprkcsoöc, ik uc «kstmr prkvoh¾ kc k` bucih, `h quk suphck ym ucm trmbm ik soacodofmtovoimi quk sk sotüm fhbh fhciofoöc ik phsoeo`oimi ik `m octkrprktmfoöc. @m octkrprktmfoöc hraícofm ik Coktzsfgk, msâ fhbh `m octrhiuffoöc ik skctoih phr pmrtk ik `m vh`uctmi ik phikr, shc bhbkcths prkvohs m `m  prkfhbprkcsoöc  ik `m quk gme`mc Gkoikaakr y Amimbkr. Coktzsfgk sk kxprksmem ik` soauokctk bhih kc k` drmabkcth 5 ^=;=R< «ch sk ikek prkauctmr< ¸kcthcfks quoïc octkrprktm8, soch quk k` octkrprktmr bosbh, kc fumcth ucm dhrbm ik vh`uctmi ik phikr, tokck kxostkcfom (pkrh ch fhbh uc ‐skr‒, soch fhbh uc prhfksh, uc ikvkcor) fhbh uc mdkfth¾. Msâ, phikbhs iostocauor ihs covk`ks kc `m «gkrbkcïutofm¾ coktzsfgkmcm< phr uc `mih, ucm octrhiuffoöc ik skctoih mesh`utm ’rmiofm`’, kc `m quk sk octrhiufk rkau`mroimi kc k` fmhs, y phr htrh `mih ucm hphsofoöc ik uchs skctoihs y htrhs, quk ch ks ym uc phikr hroaocmroh, soch gkfgh «m pmrtor ik¾. _ kstk ikskcvh`vobokcth ik `m vh`uctmi ik phikr kc tmcth quk ocstmcfom octkrprktmtovm ks `m rmzöc ik quk kc Coktzsfgk ch kxostk uc skctoih kc sâ< k` skctoih sk im sh`h kc rk`mfoöc m `m octkrprktmfoöc ik quokc `h phck. [c skctoih kc sâ   ks uc fhctrmskctoih. @m voim ch pukik ch octkrprktmr, ikfâmbhs fhc Coktzsfgk. K` ghberk gm ik rkfhchfkr quk thih fumcth rkm`ozm, fumcth gmfk, ks ym ucm frkmfoöc, ks ikfor, octkrprktmfoöc y ch ucm bkrm fhcstmtmfoöc. K` skr ym ch ks k` pmrmioabm ik `h dolh, ik `h pkrbmckctk, phrquk `m voim ch pukik iklmr ik octkrprktmr> phr k``h, fhbh mskaurm tmbeoïc Hrtkam, ch gmy suprkbmfâm ik ucms octkrprktmfohcks sherk htrms, soch uc fhcstmctk fhcd`ofth y fhbp`kbkctmrokimi.

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm 66  

K` prhe`kbm fmpotm` m` quk sk kcdrkctm Coktzsfgk kc kshs tkxths ks quk k` bucih ik` skr gm ikvkcoih kc `h ví`oih, kc `h quk ks (kc pm`merms ik` do`öshdh< «k` mutïctofh  probub bheo`k  ks `m ch frkkcfom kc `h quk ikvokck, `m iksfhcdomczm mctk `h quk ikvokck, k` bkchsprkfoh ik thih ikvkcor…¾). K` bucih ik` skr, pmrm Coktzsfgk, ks k` bucih ’sk quokrm h ch’ ik` ikvkcor, quk gm mfmemih shtkrrmih emlh k` bucih quk ikekrâm skr.. Zuks (drmabkcth ? ^4:R) «k` ghberk eusfm ‐`m vkrimi‒< uc bucih quk skr ch sk fhctrmioam, ch kcamýk, ch fmbeok, uc bucih vkrimikrh. ^…R Ch iuim ik quk gmym uc bucih fhbh ikek skr> quosokrm eusfmr k` fmboch quk fhciufk m ï`¾. K` aorh quk prhphck Coktzsfgk fhcsostorí kc ikbh`kr `m rk`mfoöc kctrk uc «bucih mpmrkctk¾ y uc «bucih vkrimikrh¾, rkfhciufoïcih`m m kstobmfohcks ik vm`hr, quk kxprksmc, skaüc k` muthr, «fhciofohcks ik fhcskrvmfoöc y frkfobokcth¾ (drmabkcth ? ^67R). [cm voim quk ch iklm ik octkrprktmr… y ik `ufgmr.

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm 69  

¸]uï ks uc vm`hr8 Imvoi Gubk y Bmx Vfgk`kr kc Hrtkam Gksâhih ksfroek kc Yrmemlhs y iâms< iâms< «yh quk sï `h quk tk fhcvokck, armc ckfoh Zkrsks, tk `h iorï< ik `m bm`imi pukiks fhakr dífo`bkctk fumcth quokrms> ``mch ks su fmboch y vovk buy fkrfm. Ik `m vortui, kc fmbeoh, k` suihr pusokrhc ik`mctk `hs iohsks ocbhrtm`ks> `mrah y kbpocmih ks k` skcikrh gmfom k``m y íspkrh m` fhbokczh> pkrh fumcih sk ``kam m `m fobm, kcthcfks rksu`tm dífo` phr iurh quk skm¾. Hrtkam kstobmem quk chs thpmbhs fhc ihs tophs ik prhe`kbms m` erkamr fhc `hs vm`hrks< phr uc `mih, `hs quk tokckc quk vkr fhc su skr, fhc su bhih ik kxostkcfom, y phr htrh, k` fhchfobokcth quk ik k``hs phskkbhs. Ukfhrimcih m B. Vfgk`kr, m quokc k` Bmx Vfgk`kr (=719-=?57) duk uc ockspmýh` `kyö y kstuioö msoiumbkctk, phikbhs d`uykctk do`öshdh m`kbíc ik armc obkc k` kstuioh ik `m ïtofm iuiostocauor focfh kstrmths eokc iodkrkcfomihs< kc probkr phrtmcfom rmctk k` probkr tkrfoh ik` soa`h WW, `uamr, k` phrtmihr ik` vm`hr, `h quk ikchbocmbhs k` iosfâpu`h ik Gusskr` y ik` prkboh eokc> kc skaucih tïrboch, k` prhpoh vm`hr> tkrfkrh, `m Chek` Uuih`d Kufnkc. pkrfkpfoöc skctobkctm` ik` vm`hr> kc fumrth `uamr, k` kstmih skctobkctm` kc quk k` vm`hr pkrfoeoih chs iklm> y phr ü`tobh, `hs kstmihs ik skctobokcth skcsoe`k quk mfhbpmýmc m` mctkrohr kstmih. Msâ, phr klkbp`h, kc `m pkrfkpfoöc ik uc ek``h pmrmlk iostocauobhs phr uc `mih k` phrtmihr ik` vm`hr, kc kstk fmsh k` pmosmlk> k` pkfu`omr fmríftkr ik ek``kzm quk kctrmým tm` vosoöc, ihcik kcfhctrmbhs k` vm`hr> `m pkrfkpfoöc skctobkctm` ik tm` vm`hr> k` kstmih ik skctobokcth kc quk `m ek``kzm chs gm sotumih y, phr ü`tobh, k` kstmih skcsoe`k quk chs prhphrfohcm k` mctkrohr kstmih skctobkctm` suakroih phr `m ek``kzm. Zkrh ¸iöcik kcfhctrmbhs `hs vm`hrks8 ¸]uï toph ik skr tokckc8 M luofoh ik Gubk, `hs vm`hrks shc prhiufth ik uc toph buy fhcfrkth ik frkmfoöc quk fhrrk m cukstrh fmrah ’m pmrtor ik `m heskrvmfoöc ik uc gkfgh’. @hs vm`hrks kstíc puksths kc `ms fhsms phr chshtrhs, y kc k``ms ch chs ks phsoe`k kcfhctrmr`hs soch phr `m prhykffoöc skctobkctm` quk gmfom k``hs ikrovmbhs ik cukstrms pkrfkpfohcks skcsoe`ks< `hs vm`hrks shc, ik kstk bhih, pkrfkpfohcks skctobkctm`ks. K` fmsh ik Gubk, suaokrk Hrtkam kc  Octrhiuffoöc ctrhiuffoöc m ucm kstobmtovm, kstobmtovm, emstm pmrm fmkr kc `m fukctm ik `m obphsoeo`oimi ik bmctkckr kstk suelktovosbh, kcfmbocmih soc rkbkioh m` purh rk`mtovosbh, m `m ocfmpmfoimi ik fhchfkr `hs vm`hrks. K` prhe`kbm ks rkm`bkctk skroh, phrquk so `hs vm`hrks ikpkcikc, kc kdkfth, ik cukstrhs phsoe`ks kstmihs skctobkctm`ks y `ms prhykffohcks ik vm`hr quk sherk `hs gkfghs ’sherk cukstrms pkrfkpfohcks’ 

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm 6;  

prkiofmbhs, chs sotumbhs kc uc ksfkptofosbh ïtofh ik` quk, phr msâ ikfor, thih sk soauk. Voc kbemrah, k` bucih bmtkrom` pukik d`uftumr y fmbeomr chtme`kbkctk bokctrms quk k` vm`hr quk kc ï` pkrfoeobhs ch vmrâm kc mesh`uth. Mghrm eokc, kc kstk pucth sk chs prkskctm k` soauokctk prhe`kbm< ¸quï rk`mfoöc kxostk kctrk k` bucih bmtkrom` y `hs vm`hrks8 Zhr uc `mih kcfhctrmbhs `m fhsm pkrfoeoim, k` ikphsotmroh ik` vm`hr (phr klkbp`h, ucm rhsm rhlm), y phr htrh, cukstrh pkrfoeor skctobkctm` ik` vm`hr (phr klkbp`h, `m ek``kzm ik `m rhsm). Cukstrm prkauctm ks< ¸gmy ikpkcikcfom kctrk k` hrikc ik `h bmtkrom` y `hs vm`hrks8 Zmrm klkbp`odofmr `h mctkrohr phikbhs phckr cukstrm mtkcfoöc kc uc rkfukrih, `h quk chs suaokrk gof kt cucf  cucf  tm` h fum` bhbkcth pmsmih ik cukstrm voim< so eokc `harmbhs kvhfmr fhc thih armih ik cotoikz k` vm`hr, y chs ocucim pmrm`k`mbkctk ucm skcsmfoöc ik eokckstmr h bm`kstmr mcâbofh, ch kcfhctrmbhs kc hfmsohcks `m obmakc h k` rkfukrih f`mrh ik `h quk hfurroö fhc thih iktm``k. Ksth sk chs im f`mrmbkctk sherk thih kc k` p`mch gkiöcofh, fhcfrktmbkctk fhc k` skctoih ik` h`dmth< kc occubkrme`ks hfmsohcks fmptmbhs ucm drmamcfom quk chs ocfotm, ik bmckrm ocstmctíckm ’soc iklmr tokbph soquokrm m `m bkbhrom pmrm mftumr’ m kxpkrobkctmr uc kstmih skctobkctm` ik p`mfkr h iosp`mfkr, ikeoih m` rkfukrih armth h iksmarmime`k quk k` h`hr kc fukstoöc chs prhphrfohcm. Vh`h kc ucm rkd`kxoöc phstkrohr `harmbhs (mucquk ch sokbprk) mshfomr mquk``m drmamcfom fhc su ikphsotmroh. Zhr k``h, `hs vm`hrks, h bklhr, `m pkrfkpfoöc skctobkctm` quk ik `hs vm`hrks phskkbhs, iorí Vfgk`kr kc su totícofm  Ïtofm, tofm, ks ocikpkciokctk ik `hs fmbeohs quk sk ikc kc k` bucih bmtkrom`< ikspuïs, so eokc mibotobhs tm` ocikpkcikcfom, ch phikbhs ik` bosbh bhih fh`kaor quk `hs vm`hrks sk ikc soc quk gmym ikphsotmrohs ik vm`hr. Msâ, `hs vm`hrks iktkrbocmc k` skctoih ik` bucih bmtkrom`. Zkrh ¸föbh fmptmbhs uc vm`hr8 @h fokrth ks quk ch kcfhctrmbhs `hs vm`hrks fhbh kxostkctks kc k` skctoih kstrofth ik `m pm`merm, ch ikfobhs quk mquâ   kstí `m ek``kzm y m``â   `h marmime`k, soch quk bís eokc kxpkrobkctmbhs phr ucm sukrtk ik skctobokcth sus fhctkcoihs. ¸]uï chs ociofm kstk toph ik fmptmfoöc8 Chs bukstrm, ik cukvh, k` fmríftkr pkfu`omr kc quk sk chs imc `hs vm`hrks< k` vm`hr sk fmrmftkrozm phr `m ch-ociodkrkcfom. Ym` ks `m kskcfom ik` vm`hr> `hs vm`hrks vm`kc vm`kc.. Mdrhctmbhs kcthcfks uc prhe`kbm oaum`bkctk skroh< kstm ch-ociodkrkcfom ks fmptmim ik bhih iostocth phr fmim uch ik chshtrhs. Kc `hs vm`hrks fmekc bufghs «pkrhs¾< ¸föbh kxp`ofmbhs quk kstm pokzm busofm` bk pmrkzfm ek``m y m htrh ch8 Ik bhih mcí`hah, ¸föbh uc fumirh ik uc mrtostm kbockctk ks m bos hlhs ucm bmrmvo``m y pmrm `hs ik htrh uc fmsh ik kxp`âfotm dkm`imi8 Mucquk prkioqukbhs ik `hs vm`hrks ucm helktovoimi ik su bmtkrom ocikpkciokctk ik thih su fhctmfth fhc k` bucih bmtkrom`, gkbhs ik smekr föbh gmfkrchs fhc k``m> fhrrk`mtovmbkctk, sk kcfukctrm k` prhe`kbm ik smekr, ik bhih fokrth, fuícih kstmbhs kc `h vkrimikrh, ks ikfor, fuícih smekbhs

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm 64  

soc krrhr quk uc vm`hr ks k` quk ks, fuícih `m bmtkrom ik` vm`hr fhocfoik fhc k` vm`hr fuyh chberk hstkctm. Zmrm sm`or ik kstk kberh``h pkcskbhs kc `hs fh`hrks, phr klkbp`h kc k` mbmro``h< ch kcfhctrmbhs htrm dhrbm ik ikdocor kstk fh`hr quk ch skm kxprksmcih su fum`oimi ik skr mbmro``h> ikfobhs ik ucm fhsm quk ks mbmro``m, y ch tkckbhs ik gkfgh htrm dhrbm ik kxprksmr tm` fum`oimi. Ik `m bosbm bmckrm, uc vm`hr ch pukik fhcstotuor ucm rk`mfoöc ’co soquokrm uc fhca`hbkrmih ik prhpokimiks iktkrbocmims< m` kxprksmr quï fmrmftkrks fhbucks fhcstotuykc thims `ms fhsms quk shc ek``ms ch phikbhs gmfkr`h soch kxp`ofotmcih quk `h quk m`ekramc kc fhbüc ks su skr ek``ms, `m ek``kzm bosbm. K` suelktovosbh, mdorbmríc tmcth Vfgk`kr fhbh Hrtkam, sk chs mcthlm fhbh `m armc `mfrm ik `hs vm`hrks> so kc vkrimi mrroeírmbhs m `m fhcf`usoöc ik quk `hs vm`hrks shc suelktovhs, ch fmerâm fokcfom phsoe`k sherk k``hs, y thim cukstrm iosfusoöc skrâm kc em`ik. K` rk`mtovosbh mxoh`öaofh skrâm `öaofmbkctk vkrimikrh, y fhc k``h thim hpocoöc sherk `hs vm`hrks, h bklhr, thim fmptmfoöc ik vm`hr skrâm, fhc ocikpkcikcfom ik su bmtkrom, ví`oim. Bms ym kstme`kfoim `m ocikpkcikcfom ik` bucih ik vm`hrks fhc rkspkfth m` bmtkrom`, Hrtkam (ik cukvh ik `m ` m bmch ik Vfgk`kr) fkctrm su mtkcfoöc kc k` tkrrkch kpostkbh`öaofh y sk prkauctm< ¸föbh fhchfkbhs `hs vm`hrks8 ¸Zhr quï kc hfmsohcks `h quk m uchs pmrkfk ek``h, htrhs, soc kbemrah, kbemrah, `h kcfukctrmc iksprkfome`k8 iksprkfome`k8 Gmambhs uc m`th kc k` fmboch pmrm mcm`ozmr erkvkbkctk uc fmsh fhcfrkth< bokctrms pmskmbhs, heskrvmbhs quk fkrfm ik chshtrhs sk kstí prhiufokcih uc msksocmth< ik dhrbm fmso ocbkiomtm sk im kc chshtrhs uc mfth vm`hrmtovh, y k` msksocmth pmsm m skr, m su vkz, uc mfth fmramih ik vm`hr. Mdorbmbhs quk tm` gkfgh chs pmrkfk bm`h, meykfth, iksprkfome`k… @m iuim quk surak ocbkiomtmbkctk kc kstk fhctkxth ks< ¸iöcik sk kcfukctrmc `hs vm`hrks8> ¸iöcik `hs rkfhchfkbhs< kc k` gkfgh quk suphck k` msksocmth h kc ucm sukrtk ik mestrmffoöc quk rkm`ozmbhs m phstkrohro8> phstkrohro8> ¸shc `hs vm`hrks prhiufth ik ucm frkmfoöc8 Gubk chs kxp`ofm, fhbh ym iolobhs, quk cukstrhs vm`hrks shc k` prhiufth ik ucm obprksoöc ik skcsmfoöc> rkfhchfk quk k` vm`hr ks uc rkfhrroih eoucâvhfh< pkrfoeobhs uc gkfgh, k` gkfgh chs suaokrk ucm sukrtk ik obprksoöc, k octkrohrozmbhs kstm bosbm fhbh vm`hr> k` vm`hr ks kcthcfks k` rhpmlk fhc k` quk iosdrmzmbhs `h quk pkrfoeobhs, ks ucm frkmfoöc cukstrm. K` vm`hr surak ik chshtrhs, y k` ikphsotmroh ik vm`hr ch `h ks soch kc vortui ik cukstrm mprkfomfoöc. Mghrm eokc, y gk mquâ k` armc prhe`kbm ik `m tksos suelktovostm quk Hrtkam phck m prukem y fukstohcm< bokctrms prkskcfoíembhs k` msksocmth y skctâmbhs uc m`th iksprkfoh phr cukstrm vosoöc, uc ghberk quk pmsmem fkrfm ik chshtrhs, kc vostm ik` bosbh kspkftífu`h, fhbokczm m rkâr> fmso kc`hqukfoihs phr `h arhtksfh ik `m sotumfoöc, prkauctmbhs m ksm pkrshcm k` bhtovh ik su rosm, m `h quk chs rksphcik quk `h quk vk `k pmrkfk fokrtmbkctk föbofh. @m bosbm fhcdusoöc fhc rkspkfth m cukstrh prhe`kbm ik` fhchfobokcth ik `hs vm`hrks chs prhvhfm `m phsofoöc quk m`aucms

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm 61  

pkrshcms bmctokckc fumcih, fumcih, kc vostm ik uc rheh, phr klkbp`h, sk `ks prkauctm sherk `m hpocoöc quk `ks bkrkfoö tm` mffoöc, m `h quk k``hs fhctkstmc< «bk rksu`tm ociodkrkctk¾. ¸Ks quk `ms mffohcks mpmrkctkbkctk fmramims ik vm`hr pukikc skr ociodkrkctks8> ¸chs bokctkc tm`ks pkrshcms m` ikf`mrmr su ociodkrkcfom drkctk m uc mfth f`mrmbkctk ikcoarmctk8> ¸h, phr k` fhctrmroh, k` prhe`kbm ch sk kcfukctrm kc `ms pkrshcms, y shc `hs vm`hrks `hs quk d`uftümc fhc rkspkfth m` kstmih ik fhsms quk sk im kc k` bucih8 Zkrh k` prhe`kbm ks mghrm iostocth< ¸iöcik kcfhctrmbhs k` vm`hr8> ¸föbh pkrfoeobhs `hs vm`hrks y quï chs dmfu`tm pmrm prkiofmr `m prktkcioim helktovoimi8 Hrtkam chs kxp`ofm m` rkspkfth quk m`ah ks ikskmih h qukroih phrquk bkrkfk skr ikskmih h qukroih, `h quk chs pkrbotk ikchtmr ucm ik `ms fmrmftkrâstofms ducimbkctm`ks ik `hs vm`hrks< kxostk ucm lkrmrquâm kc `m ksdkrm ik `hs vm`hrks, y kc k``m, ucm ph`mroimi ik `m quk shbhs fhcsfokctks> `h eukch tokck su fhctrmroh kc `h bm`h, fhbh `h ek``h kc `h ghrroe`k. _ mquk` bkrkfkr ks ucm fukstoöc ik ikrkfgh, ikrkfgh, ks ucm kxoakcfom. Kc cukstrms ocf`ocmfohcks gmfom `ms fhsms ym kstí obprkacmih uc vm`hr> k` bosbh mfth ik prkdkror ’k` rkfhrroih quk suphck’ fhc``kvm ym uc vm`hr. Armfoms m ucm sukrtk ik iosphsofoöc ik ícobh fmptmbhs `hs vm`hrks. M pmrtor ik kstk mfth ch fmptmbhs k` mbhr y k` hioh gmfom `ms fhsms, soch quk k` prhfksh ks ocvkrsh, ks ikfor, shc k` mbhr y k` hioh `hs quk chs pkrbotkc vm`hrmr `ms fhsms> ks ucm sukrtk ik phsofoöc ik cukstrm fmpmfoimi ik skctobokcth (ucm fmpmfoimi «kstobmtovm¾, iorí Hrtkam) `m quk chs shfhrrk kc `m tmrkm ik mprkgkcikr `hs vm`hrks. Zhr k``h, cukstrh mfth ik prkdkror ch ks ckutrh, soch quk fhc``kvm y prksuphck  ym m fokrth vm`hr> `m mftotui ik tkcikr gmfom uc vm`hr kc iktrobkcth ik htrh ks  ym m ikphsotmrâm ik vm`hr. K` vm`hr hthram skctoih m `m kxostkcfom> bms kstk skctoih ks fmptmih phr chshtrhs m trmvïs ik ucm sukrtk ik hrikc octkrch, `h quk chs subk kc uc kxostkcfom`osbh ik bmrfmih fmríftkr smrtrkmch< «`m ihftrocm quk yh `ks prkskcth ks lustmbkctk `h hpuksth m` quoktosbh, phrquk ikf`mrm< sh`h gmy rkm`oimi kc `m mffoöc¾, ksfroeâm Vmrtrk kc  K` kxostkcfom`osbh ks uc gubmcosbh, gubmcosbh, y vm bís `klhs thimvâm, phrquk markam< «k` ghberk ch ks cmim bís quk su prhykfth, ch kxostk bís quk kc `m bkioim kc quk sk rkm`ozm, ch ks phr `h tmcth bís quk k` fhclucth ik sus mfths, cmim bís quk su voim¾. Kc ikdocotovm, pmrm Hrtkam k` msucth ik` hroakc ik `hs vm`hrks ks uch ik `hs tkbms ducimbkctm`ks quk gm ik mehrimrsk kc su tokbph fhc armc urakcfom. Vuk`kc fhcduciorsk `ms fhsms (phrtmihrks ik vm`hrks) fhc `hs vm`hrks bosbhs> ks ikfor, kxostkc ihs bucihs ocikpkciokctks< k` ik` skr y k` ik` vm`kr. Kc sus ksfroths sherk `hs vm`hrks Hrtkam trmtm ik kvotmr k` suelktovosbh rmiofm`. Ks ikfor, `hs vm`hrks y su kxostkcfom ch ikpkcikc ik cukstrh marmih h iksmarmih pkrshcm` fhc rkspkfth m `ms fhsms kxostkctks, soch quk bís eokc sufkik m` rkvïs, tm` y fhbh kxp`ofm cukstrh do`öshdh kc  Octrhiuffoöc ctrhiuffoöc m ucm kstobmtovm< kstobmtovm< «thims `ms fhbp`mfkcfoms y kchlhs, thihs

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm 67  

`hs ikskhs y rkpu`sohcks kstíc bhtovmihs phr vm`hrks, pkrh ksths ch vm`kc phrquk chs marmikc h `hs ikskkbhs, soch m` rkvïs, chs marmimc y `hs ikskmbhs phrquk chs pmrkfkc quk vm`kc¾. Kc rksubkc, m luofoh ik Hrtkam `hs vm`hrks kxostkc ik bmckrm ocikpkciokctk m `ms fhsms, ocf`ush ik bhih prkvoh m k``ms, y ks su ocd`ulh k` quk chs gmfk vm`hrmr `m rkm`oimi ik ucm u htrm dhrbm. ]uk m`ah vm`am quokrk ikfor quk phskk ucm ioacoimi prhpom quk phikbhs rkfhchfkr, rkfhchfkr, h kc sus pm`merms< «vm`hrmr ch ks imr vm`hr m quokc phr sâ ch `h tokck> ks rkfhchfkr uc vm`hr rksoikctk kc uc helkth¾. Ik kstm bmckrm kstme`kfk Hrtkam `m helktovoimi ik `hs vm`hrks y ikf`mrm `m aukrrm m` bís purh suelktovosbh.

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm 6?  

K` mcí`osos ik `m sotumfoöc ph`âtofm tmbeoïc `hs pmâsks y `ms shfokimiks quk mquk``hs fhctokckc pukikc skr kstuiomihs ik bmckrm hraícofm, fhbh so dukrmc skrks vovhs m `hs quk `ks ks phsoe`k prmftofmr uc aïckrh buy pmrtofu`mr ik bkiofocm. Ik gkfgh, phikbhs fhcsoikrmr kstm herm fhbh uc mutïctofh prk`uioh h mctkfkikctk quk skctmrí `ms emsks ik  @m rkek`oöc rkek`oöc ik `ms bmsms. bmsms. Fhbh k` prhpoh Hrtkam chs suaokrk,  Kspmým ocvkrtkermim  ocvkrtkermim  prktkcik ikdocor «`m armvk kcdkrbkimi quk Kspmým sudrk¾. Ik cukvh, k` muthr gmfk gocfmpoï kc `m obphrtmcfom ik `m pkrspkftovm, ks ikfor, ik` vm`hr quk hthrambhs m fmim k`kbkcth ik uc fhclucth. _ ks quk, «`m iodkrkcfom ik `hs fmrmftkrks, imim `m ghbhakckoimi ik `m bmtkrom gubmcm, ks mctk thih ucm iodkrkcfom ik `hfm`ozmfoöc ksporotum`. Zhr ksh, k` tm`kcth psofh`öaofh fhcsostk kc ucm docm pkrfkpfoöc ik `hs `uamrks quk ikctrh ik fmim ociovoiuh hfupmc `ms pmsohcks> phr tmcth, kc uc skctoih ik `m pkrspkftovm¾. Hrtkam kstuiom kc kstm herm, obprksfocioe`k pmrm kctkcikr `m fhyucturm kspmýh`m ik procfopohs ik` WW, `m rmzöc phr `m quk Kspmým pmikfk ucm ikso`usoöc rkspkfth m` bmýmcm. Kc `m Kurhpm ik Hrtkam, mskaurm k` do`öshdh, ch sk ikskm (h so sk gmfk, sk gmfk kc bmsm, kc dhrbm ik rkemýh)< «ch gmy fhskfgm ik mpktoths. Dm`tm phr fhbp`kth ksm ocfotmihrm mctofopmfoöc ik uc phrvkcor ikskme`k, quk ks uc öramch kskcfom` kc `m eoh`haâm gubmcm¾. Kc  Kspmým ocvkrtkermim  ocvkrtkermim  Hrtkam sk kctrkam ik ``kch m` kstuioh gostörofh, ch ph`âtofh (fhbh kxp`ofm ï` bosbh kc uch ik `hs prö`hahs ik `m herm), ik `m sotumfoöc quk k` pmâs mtrmvksmem. Ks phr k``h quk sk gmfk pmrtâfopk ik `ms fhcf`usohcks m `ms quk, phr klkbp`h, gmeâm ``kamih uc soa`h mctks Mrtgur Vfghpkcgmukr (=177-=74:) sherk `m gosthrom, emlh k` mbpmrh ik` mimaoh `mtoch kmikb, ski m`otkr  m`otkr  (fuyh soacodofmih pukik trmiuforsk fhbh «`h bosbh, pkrh ik htrm bmckrm¾). Mpkcms fubp`oihs `hs vkoctk mýhs, Vfghpkcgmukr fhcdksmem mbmrambkctk m` phktm Qok`mci quk `m voim ks uc msucth ikp`hrme`k< iksik mquk` bhbkcth fhcfkctrmrâm su procfopm` prhpösoth kc rkd`kxohcmr sherk k``m y kc iksmrrh``mr ucm kxp`ofmfoöc bktmdâsofm ik` bucih (k` armc krha`âdofh, fhbh austmem ``mbmr`h). ¸Voacodofm m`ah `m rkm`oimi8 ¸Zhr quï k` skr

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm 9=  

gubmch ’supukstmbkctk ihtmih ik ucm rmzöc hbcophtkctk’ gm ik vovor sokbprk fhc `ms mrbms kc `m bmch, kcdrkctícihsk m tkrroe`ks sudrobokcths y troeu`mfohcks fhcstmctks8 Fhbh iklmrâm ksfroth k` prhpoh Vfghpkcgmukr (y m eukc skaurh quk Hrtkam `kyö kstms rkd`kxohcks) «k` fmríftkr ik `ms fhsms ik kstk bucih, pmrtofu`mrbkctk ik` bucih ik `hs ghberks, ch ks tmcth `m obpkrdkffoöc, fhbh sk gm iofgh m bkcuih, soch bís eokc `m iosthrsoöc kc `h bhrm`, kc `h octk`kftum`, kc `h dâsofh, kc thih¾. Kc rkspukstm m muthrks fhbh @kssoca ( ( @m kiufmfoöc ik` aïckrh gubmch) gubmch) h Nmct, ikdkcshrks ik uc prharksh pmu`mtoch gmfom `m bhrm`oimi ik `hs ghberks ’ch kxkcth ik pkchshs octkrbkiohs’, Vfghpkcgmukr p`mctkm `m ktkrcm rkpktofoöc ik `hs mfhctkfobokcths< «k` fârfu`h ks k` sâbeh`h ik `m cmturm`kzm¾. Ks obphsoe`k rkfhchfkr uc helktovh docm`, ucm bktm ik `ms mffohcks ik` ghberk, quk, m pksmr ik m`ekramr chtme`ks dukrzms fhrphrm`ks y sherksm`okctks iosphsofohcks ksporotum`ks, ch pukik iklmr ik mthrbkctmr m sus fhcaïckrks fhbh so sus docks tuvokrmc m`aucm obphrtmcfom rkm`. Cukstrm kxostkcfom, fhbh `m ik` rksth ik `hs skrks vovhs, sh`h rkprkskctm `m ktkrcm rkpktofoöc ik `h bosbh. Fhbkbhs pmrm vovor y vovobhs emlh `m fhciofoöc ik kcfhctrmr m`obkcth< fum`quokr kxostkcfom kcfukctrm su emsk kc ucm pu`soöc fmrkctk ik skctoih, uc obpu`sh orrmfohcm` (aruci`hs (aruci`hs,, kc m`kbíc, soc ducimbkcth, soc suk`h dorbk). Zhr k``h suphck ucm o`usoöc y ucm chtme`k fhrtkimi ik borms, miufk Vfghpkcgmukr, Vfghpkcgmukr, pkcsmr kc k` pkrdkffohcmbokcth pkrdkffohcmbokcth ik` aïckrh gubmch< cukstrhs fhcstmctks ksdukrzhs phr ikstkrrmr k` sudrobokcth ch `harmc soch fmbeomr su mpmrokcfom, phr thims pmrtks vkbhs `m obmakc ik` rkthrch, iksik k` bhvobokcth ik `hs mstrhs gmstm `m voim ik thih skr. Ks `m kskcfom ik `m cmturm`kzm. M` fhctrmroh quk Gkak`, fhc k` quk bmctuvh iurms iosfusohcks m trmvïs ik sus herms, Vfghpkcgmukr kc `m ygosthrom ucovkrsm` cucfm hfurrk cmim rmzhcme`k (`h quk chs fhcsoikrm mfkrfm m` quk pmrtofu`mr kc hfmsohcks ocikeoimbkctk ``mbmih orrmfohcm`osbh ik [cmbuch ’k` skctor ks mctkrohr m` pkcsmr’). Vfghpkcgmukr ikf`mrm msâ `m mesh`utm emcfmrrhtm ik `hs oikm`ks kurhpkhs prhpuacmihs phr `m O`ustrmfoöc< `m rmzöc qukim supkiotmim m uc obpu`sh mctkrohr, proboakcoh, m `m vh`uctmi quk quokrk, soc bís, bmctkckrsk kc `m kxostkcfom m fum`quokr prkfoh. K` «tokbph ik `m fhcsubmfoöc¾ ik` quk @kssoca chs gme`m, k` kstmioh docm` ik `m vkrimi rmfohcm`, ks sustotuoih phr `m obmakc ik uc tkmtrh kc k` quk sokbprk sk rkprkskctmc `ms bosbms ksfkcms ’muc fumcih `hs pkrshcmlks skmc iostocths.  Kmikb, ski m`otkr. m`otkr. @m mspormfoöc m` prharksh qukim iksbmctk`mim kc k` sostkbm tkloih phr Vfghpkcgmukr, y fhc ï`, `m hphrtucoimi ik hdrkfkr uc skctoih ikdocotovh ik` bucih< cucfm hfurrk ’co hfurrorí’ cmim cukvh, cmim bklhr, rkfhrimcih `ms pm`merms ik` Kf`ksomstïs ihcik `kkbhs «cogo` «cogo` chvub sue sh`k¾. sh`k¾.

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm 95  

M`ah buy iostocth hfurrk kc k` pkcsmbokcth ik Hrtkam, kc fhctrmstk fhc k` pksobosbh shfom` ik Vfghpkcgmukr. Kc hpocoöc ik` do`öshdh kspmýh`, `hs ociovoiuhs pukikc fhcvovor, fhcvovor, y ik gkfgh fhcvovkc, pmrm gmfkr m`ah lucths, emlh ucm bosbm o`usoöc quk fhciuzfm m `m rkm`ozmfoöc ik uc prhykfth fhbüc. M iodkrkcfom ik Vfghpkcgmukr, fhcvkcfoih ik quk k` pmsmih fhciofohcm ik ucm vkz y pmrm sokbprk k` prkskctk y k` duturh, Hrtkam kstobm quk ch ks k` mykr co `m trmiofoöc `h ikfosovh pmrm quk ucm cmfoöc sk iksmrrh``k y pkrsostm. Ks ckfksmrom ucm pmrtofu`mr «foruaâm gostörofm¾. Vh`h «`m oikm ik armciks fhsms phr gmfkr kcakcirm `m ucodofmfoöc cmfohcm`¾. Fhctrm `hs cmfohcm`osbhs skpmrmtostms. Hrtkam prhphck uc prhfksh «ocfhrphrmtovh¾ quk fhcsostk kc ucm `mehr ik thtm`ozmfoöc, ik ucoöc y fhgksoöc ik `m cmfoöc m trmvïs ik sus iovkrshs puke`hs y aruphs shfom`ks< m` fhctrmroh, «`m iksoctkarmfoöc ks k` prhfksh ocvkrsh< `ms pmrtks ik` thih fhbokczmc m vovor fhbh thihs mpmrtk. M kstk dkcöbkch ik `m voim gostörofm `h ``mbö  pmrtofu`mrosbh¾, mrtofu`mrosbh¾, ikdocoih phr k` mdíc ik fmim aruph phr iklmr ik skctorsk pmrtk ik` thih. [c mgâcfh iosarkamihr quk m doc ik fukctms rkiucim kc uc ch fhbpmrtor `hs skctobokcths ik `hs ikbís. Msâ puks, `m kcskýmczm procfopm` ik Hrtkam kc  Kspmým ocvkrtkermim  ocvkrtkermim  ks `m `ufgm y pulmczm quk ikekbhs bhstrmr drkctk m `hs obpu`shs rkaohcm`ostms quk kbp`kmc k` pmsmih fhbh mrbm mrrhlmiozm, fumcih vovor ks sokbprk m`ah quk sk gmfk gmfom ik`mctk, «ks ucm mftovoimi quk vm ik kstk skaucih m` ocbkiomth duturh. Ch emstm, puks, pmrm vovor `m rkshcmcfom ik` pmsmih, y bufgh bkchs pmrm fhcvovor¾.

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm 96  

K` ocfopokctk prhe`kbm ik «`m bmsm¾. K` fmsh ik K`âms Fmcktto [ch ik `hs tkbms quk bís prkhfupö m K`âms Fmcktto (=?:;-=??9) duk k` ik `m bukrtk. _m kc uc kcsmyh ik =?45 ocsostâm kc `m vocfu`mfoöc ik` phikr y `m supkrvovkcfom> kc kstk ksfroth phcâm ik bmcodoksth gmstm quï pucth k` octkrïs phr `m bukrtk sueymfk k ocf`ush prkfkik m mquk``ms ihs chfohcks ducimbkctm`ks. Iksik buy lhvkc, `ms frkmfohcks ik kstk muthr tmc ksfmsmbkctk fhchfoih ’m pksmr ik gmekr hetkcoih k` Zrkboh Chek` ik @otkrmturm kc =?7=’ ``kvmc obprksh k` sk``h ik `m ch mfkptmfoöc ik cukstrh doc ikdocotovh> m` fhbokczh ik  @m `kcaum sm`vmim  sm`vmim  `kkbhs quk «gmy phfms fhsms bm`ms quk ch tuvokrm quk ikfor ik` skr gubmch y ik `m gubmcoimi. _ soc kbemrah, bo hrau``h fhc rkspkfth m k``m soauk sokcih tmc armcik quk sh`h hioh vkrimikrmbkctk ucm fhsm< su kckboah, `m bukrtk¾. @m rkd`kxoöc sherk kstm sk fhcvokrtk kc hesksoöc kc k` fhclucth ik `m herm ik Fmcktto, sokbprk kc fhcstmctk ioí`hah y iosfusoöc fhc `hs pkcsmihrks ikdkcshrks ik `m bukrtk, sotuícihsk kc thtm` hphsofoöc drkctk m mquk``hs quk `m lustodofmc, iksik `hs ksthofhs gmstm Drkui. Iksik gmfk bufghs mýhs cmim gm maotmih y hfupmih tmcth bo kspârotu fhbh `m oikm ik `m bukrtk. K` helktovh fhcfrkth y fhcdksh ik bo voim, `m bktm quk, ik uc bhih ikf`mrmih y kxp`âfoth, bk gk prhpuksth skrombkctk ks fhcskauor `m ocbhrtm`oimi pmrm `hs ghberks^?R.

Ik kstk octkrïs phr cukstrh doc ociovoium`, quk tmcth prkhfupmrâm m uc octkr`hfuthr fhctkbphríckh ik Hrtkam, Boauk` ik [cmbuch, surak kc pmrm`k`h `m pkrsostkctk oikm sherk k` phikr. Msâ, kxp`ofm Fmcktto kc `m prhvocfom ik` ghberk  ghberk  quk duk ik `hs ksdukrzhs ik uc puýmih ik ghberks phr mpmrtmr ik sâ m `m bukrtk fhbh suraoö `m «bhcstruhsm kstrufturm ik` phikr¾. Kc f`mrm m`usoöc m Got`kr, Fmcktto ikcucfomem quk pmrm quk uc sh`h ociovoiuh puiokrm skauor fhc voim, sk gmfâm ckfksmroh ’fhbh fhctrmpmrtoim’ uc cübkrh ocikdocoih bukrtks< «mquâ ksikihcik kbpkzmr `m vkrimikrm O`ustrmfoöc quk kstme`kfk `msikemsks ik` ikrkfgh thih ikekrâm ociovoiuh m skauor vovokcih¾.

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm 99  

K`oms Fmcktto, ksfrothr y do`öshdh rkfhchfoih fhc k` Zrkboh Chek` ik @otkrmturm, tmbeoïc kstuioö, m` oaum` quk Hrtkam y Drkui, k` ocd`ulh ik `m bmsm kc k` pkcsmbokcth ociovoium`.

Htrh ik `hs fhcfkpths ducimbkctm`ks kc `m herm ik Fmcktto (fhbh tmbeoïc kc `m ik Hrtkam) ks k` ik bmsm. Fmcktto `m kstuiom iksik ucm ihe`k pkrspkftovm< fhbh dkcöbkch quk mtrmk y dmsfocm y fhbh kspmfoh kc k` quk k` yh qukim io`uoih y sulkth m `ms bmcopu`mfohcks ik` phikr. Vherk kstk mspkfth ium`, ks buy rkfhbkcime`k `m `kfturm ik su herm ik tkmtrh `m fhbkiom ik `m vmcoimi. vmcoimi. K` akrbkc pmrm fhbkczmr `m rkimffoöc ik  Bmsm y phikr, phikr, fhbh ï` bosbh chs fukctm, duk ucm bmcodkstmfoöc herkrm m `m quk msostoö kc Drmcndurt fumcih mpkcms fhctmem iokfosoktk mýhs< `m obmakc ik `m bu`totui qukiö ikdocotovmbkctk obprksm kc su bkbhrom. Bkrkfk `m pkcm rkprhiufor `m iksfropfoöc quk iklö p`msbmim kc  @m mcthrfgm mcthrfgm m` hâih< hâih< Krm `m mtrmffoöc dâsofm `h quk ch phiâm h`voimr, ksk ikskh octkcsh ik octkarmrbk, m` bmrakc ik thim rkd`kxoöc h fhcsoikrmfoöc, ym quk tmbphfh krmc iuims `ms quk obpkiâmc imr k` sm`th ikdocotovh. Bís tmrik, fumcih fkiâ y bk kcfhctrï rkm`bkctk kc bkioh ik `m bmsm, tuvk `m obprksoöc ik quk m``â kstmem kc lukah m`ah quk kc dâsofm sk ikchbocm armvotmfoöc. ^…R Zuks uch ch krm mctks, kstmcih mos`mih, co ikspuïs, ym iosuk`th kc `m bmsm, uc helkth soc voim, y k` fmbeoh quk `m bmsm hpkrmem kc sus octkarmctks, ksm m`tkrmfoöc thtm` ik `m fhcfokcfom, krm uc gkfgh tmc ikfosovh fhbh kcoabítofh.

Kstm hesksoöc phr `m bmsm mfhbpmýö m Fmcktto iurmctk k` rksth ik su voim, octkrïs quk sk voh ocfrkbkctmih trms `m `kfturm ik  Zsofh`haâm ik `ms bmsms  bmsms  (quk Drkui gmeâm pue`ofmih kc =?5=, hfgh mýhs mctks ik `m mpmrofoöc ik  @m rkek`oöc rkek`oöc ik `ms bmsms  bmsms  ik Hrtkam)> kc kstm herm sk ikdkciâm `m kxostkcfom ik ucm sukrtk ik «m`bm fh`kftovm¾ kc `m quk sk imc, fhbh k` prhpoh Drkui ociofm, «rk`mfohcks mbhrhsms (h pmrm kbp`kmr ucm kxprksoöc ckutrm, `mzhs mdkftovhs). ^…R @m bmsm tokck quk gm``mrsk bmctkcoim kc fhgksoöc phr m`aüc phikr. ¸_ m quï phikr rksu`tm dmftoe`k mtroeuor tm` ducfoöc so ch ks m` Krhs, quk bmctokck `m fhgksoöc ik thih `h kxostkctk8¾. Kc ikdocotovm, k` pmirk ik`

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm 9;  

psofhmcí`osos ikdkciâm quk k` octkarmctk ik `m bmsm sokctk `m ckfksoimi ik gm``mrsk ik mfukrih fhc k` rksth ik octkarmctks ik` fhclucth m` quk pkrtkckfk, y ch gmeotmr kc hphsofoöc m k``hs, `h quk Drkui fmtm`haö fhbh «mbhr m `hs ikbís¾ (ocf`ush ``kaö m mskaurmr quk kstk toph ik ucoöc kstme`kfâm cukvhs «`mzhs `oeoiochshs¾ kctrk `hs bokberhs ik `m bmsm). @klhs ik kstk obpu`sh krötofh m` quk m`uik Drkui, Fmcktto kxp`ofm ym kc k` ocofoh ik  Bmsm y phikr  phikr  quk cmim tkbk bís k` ghberk quk skr thfmih phr `h iksfhchfoih< «ikskmbhs vkr quï octkctm mprksmrchs> qukrkbhs oikctodofmr`h h, m` bkchs, phikr f`msodofmr`h. Kc thims pmrtks, k` ghberk k`uik k` fhctmfth fhc `h kxtrmýh. ^…R Kstm mvkrsoöc m` fhctmfth ch chs memcihcm fumcih chs bkzf`mbhs fhc `m akctk¾. Zmrm Fmcktto, sh`h kxostk uc fmboch phsoe`k pmrm shrtkmr kstk tkrrhr phr k` fhctmfth dâsofh fhc m`auokc iksfhchfoih, pmrm kvotmr `m tkcsoöc fhc quk kspkrmbhs `ms iosfu`pms y, kc akckrm`, pmrm k`uior thih uc ucovkrsh psâquofh hsfurh quk sk merk mctk chshtrhs m` skr thfmihs phr `h kxtrmýh< ocbkrshs kc `m bmsm. Msâ, «ik prhcth, thih mfhctkfk fhbh ikctrh ik uc sh`h fukrph. ^…R Fumcth bís octkcsmbkctk sk kstrkfgmc kctrk sâ, bís skaurhs kstmríc `hs ghberks ik ch tkbkrsk uchs m htrhs. Kstm ocvkrsoöc ik` tkbhr m skr thfmih ks fmrmftkrâstofm ik `m bmsm¾. M pmrtor ik kstk iksfuerobokcth ik `hs emlhs dhcihs gubmchs, Fmcktto k`mehrm ucm bhcubkctm` herm quk sk gmfk fmrah ik `ms fmrmftkrâstofms ik `m bmsm y `ms fhciofohcks quk gmc ik imrsk pmrm quk kstm pukim dhrbmrsk, bmctkckrsk y docm`bkctk iksmpmrkfkr, tkcokcih kc fukctm quk `hs mtroeuths akcïrofhs ik `m bmsm ch vmrâmc< sokbprk quokrk frkfkr (su cmturm`kzm kxpmcsovm ch fhchfk `âbotks, y so kxostkc, shc frkmihs mrtodofom`bkctk)> kc su octkrohr rkocm ucm oaum`imi lmbís pukstm kc iuim> mbm `m ikcsoimi (cmim gm ik iovoior`m co octkrphckrsk kctrk sus bokberhs)> y, phr ü`tobh, prkfosm ik ucm iorkffoöc, kstí kc bhvobokcth y sk bukvk gmfom m`ah (kxostorí sokbprk quk tkcam prksfrotm ucm bktm ch m`fmczmim). K` mtrmftovh ik Bmsm y phikr  phikr drkctk m phsofohcks fhbh `m ik Hrtkam h fhbh `m ik Drkui rksoik kc quk Fmcktto chs hdrkfk ucm kxp`ofmfoöc fmso ikbhcâmfm ik `hs dkcöbkchs prhpohs ik `m bmsm. Kstm chs mtrmk y rkpk`k phr oaum`. Ocbkrshs kc `m bmsm, quokcquokrm quk skm k` quk sk kstrkfgk fhctrm chshtrhs ks oiïctofh m chshtrhs bosbhs, `h skctobhs fhbh m chshtrhs bosbhs, chs gmfkbhs uc sh`h fukrph kc vortui ik` tkrrhr t krrhr m skr thfmihs phr `h iksfhchfoih. @m voim kstí gkfgm ik iostmcfoms. Ik mgâ quk pmrm Fmcktto, k` dkcöbkch bís obphrtmctk quk sk prhiufk kc su octkrohr ks k` quk ikchbocm «iksfmram¾> «mctks ik k``m, `m bmsm ch kxostk prhpombkctk< sh`h `m iksfmram `m fhcstotuyk ik vkrimi. Ks k` ocstmctk kc k` quk thihs `hs quk dhrbmc pmrtk ik k``m sk iksgmfkc ik sus iodkrkcfoms y sk sokctkc oaum`ks¾.

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm 94  

@m hroaocm`oimi ik Hrtkam kc sus herms ik bmiurkz «Co kstk vh`ubkc co yh shbhs ph`âtofhs. K` msucth ik quk mquâ sk gme`m ks prkvoh m `m ph`âtofm y pkrtkckfk m su suesuk`h. Bo trmemlh ks hsfurm `mehr suetkrríckm ik bockrh.¾ HUYKAM _ AMVVKY.  @m rkek`oöc ik `ms bmsms

Mftum`oimi ik su do`hshdâm pkrh `k dm`tm k` helktovh, k` quï , ch smek quï ``kvmr m fmeh mucquk shermc dukrzms< «ihbocm thims `ms fhsms, pkrh ch ks iukýh ik sâ bosbh¾. Kc ikdocotovm.  @m rkek`oöc rkek`oöc ik `ms bmsms  bmsms  fhcstotuyö thih uc `harh `otkrmroh y do`hsödofh. Kc kstm herm sk im uc mlustk ik `m trmykfthrom ik Hrtkam, fhcsostkctk kc `m prkhfupmfoöc phr `m forfucstmcfom quk Kspmým vovk< k` `oerh, msâ, ikstmpm k octkctm imr sh`ufohcks pmrm supkrmr `m frosos a`hem` kurhpkm. Kstm herm sk fhcvortoö buy prhcth kc uc ïxoth y duk trmiufoim m` m`kbíc pmrm skr kstuiomim kc `ms ucovkrsoimiks ik` pmâs tkutöc.

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm ;:  

@m obprksfocioe`k `kfturm hrtkauomcm ik Gkoikaakr «@`mbmbhs m `m iktkrbocmfoöc hroaocm` ik` skctoih ik` skr y ik `hs fmrmftkrks y bhihs ik kstk hroucihs ik` tokbph, su iktkrbocmfoöc ‐tkbphrmrom‒. K` prhe`kbm hcth`öaofh ducimbkctm`, ik `m kxïaksos ik` skr kc fumcth tm`, memrfm phr kcik k` phckr ik bmcodoksth `m ‐tkbphrkoimi‒ ik` skr¾ GKOIKAAKU, Vkr y tokbph, tokbph, §;

¸Föbh gmfkrchs fmrah ik` prkihbocoh ik `m fhcfokcfom gostörofm fumcih octkctmbhs gmfkr do`hshdâm8 Hrtkam ikskm prkauctmrsk so ks, kc kdkfth, `m voim díftofm (cukstrm voim rkm`, tm` y fhbh sk im) k` ksfkcmroh ik `h hroaocmroh, h so, phr k` fhctrmroh, chs bhvkbhs ym kc fokrth fhbprkcikr prkvoh mctks ik phckr kc bmrfgm cukstrhs mpmrmtmlks octkrprktmtovhs. Vo rkpmrmbhs kc k` §6= ik Vkr y tokbph, tokbph, Gkoikaakr kxp`ofm quk k` skr ik` skr-mgâ (ik` skr quk shbhs) sk fhcstotuyk m` bosbh tokbph phr k` fhbprkcikr. K` pkcsmihr m`kbíc miufk quk sk imcquk fokrtms kstrufturms (h kxostkcfomroms) quk ch phskkc uc ducimbkcth, sk shstokckc kc kxostkcfom`ks su purm dmftofoimi. Kstm dmftofoimi ks prhpom ik `m kxostkcfom, y kc cukstrh fmsh, kc k` fmsh ik` ghberk, cukstrm kxostkcfom mfhctkfk fhbh prhykfth. Zhr htrh `mih, fhc `m kxprksoöc «iosphsofoöc mdkftovm¾ Gkoikaakr m`uik m uc bhih ik kstmr kc k` bucih, fmrmftkrozmih phr quk cukstrh bhvkrchs kc ï` sk gm``m kc fhcstmctk rk`mfoöc fhc uc kstmih ik ícobh. [c imth quk Hrtkam tkcirí buy kc fukctm pmrm iksmrrh``mr k` fhcfkpth ik forfucstmcfom (mucquk mpmrkzfm ym kc sus ksfroths bís tkbprmchs). @h quk sk im kc k` bucih (`h quk im `uamr m uc kstmr-kc-k`-bucih) ch sk im fhbh fhsms soc bís, fhbh imths helktovhs. Ym` kstmih ik ícobh ch sk rkiufk m` soacodofmih trmiofohcm` ik skctobokcth fhbh bkrh kstmih suelktovh, soch quk sk rkdokrk m ucm dhrbm iktkrbocmim ik kstmr kc k` bucih. Kstk kcfhctrmrsk kcfhctrmrsk   rkfhak uc mih`kfkr ik fokrth tkbp`k (kc k` tkxth ik Gkoikaakr, «k` kcfhctrmrsk tokck kc fmim fmsh su fhbprkcsoöc, mucquk sh`h skm shdrkcícih`m¾). shdrkcícih`m¾). Gkoikaakr chs kxp`ofm quk `hs kstmihs ik ícobh gmfkc pmtkctk föbh `k vm m uch, pkrh ch kc uc skctoih bkrmbkctk psofh`öaofh, soch quk m`uik m `m dhrbm ik kcfhctrmrchs ’kxostkcfom`bkctk’ kc k` bucih. M trmvïs ik tm` iosphsofoöc (ik kstk kcfhctrmrsk)) chs sotumbhs mctk cukstrm prhpom sotumfoöc kc k` bucih. Kc ucm kcfhctrmrsk iktkrbocmim pkrspkftovm, iorâm Hrtkam. Zhr k``h ikekbhs iodkrkcfomr ihs skctoihs< k` bkrmbkctk psofh`öaofh h mcm`âtofh (`h quk phikbhs ikchbocmr `mxm y trmiofohcm`bkctk «skctobokcth¾) y k` hcth`öaofh ’quk Gkoikaakr bmcklm. Kstk kcfhctrmrsk phskk uc doc fmpotm`< imrchs m fhchfkr, bhstrmrchs cukstrh prhpoh skr y kctkcikr cukstrm sotumfoöc, `h quk k` m`kbíc ``mbmrí bís mik`mctk «meror¾ h

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm ;=  

«merorchs¾. Bms ¸quï chs bukstrm kcthcfks8> ¸quï merk kstk kstmih8 @m rkspukstm ks `m dmftofoimi< k` gkfgh bosbh ik kxostor. M kstk socau`mr gkfgh Gkoikaakr `h ikchbocm kstmr «mrrhlmih¾ h «mrrhlmbokcth¾ (Akwhrdkcgkot  (Akwhrdkcgkot ). ).

Obmakc ik` kcfukctrh kctrk Bmrtoc Gkoikaakr y Lhsï Hrtkam y Amsskt kc =?;=.

Vkr-kc-k`-bucih ch tokck quk vkr fhc ucm sobp`k ocf`usoöc h pkrtkckcfom, ch ks uc kstmr quk sk rkdokrm m` kspmfoh, soch quk, bís m``í, Gkoikaakr kxp`ofm quk fhc kstm kxprksoöc m`uik m uc kstmr dmbo`omrozmihs fhc `ms fhsms, y quk phr k``h tm` trmtmr fhc k` bucih phskk `m soacodofmfoöc ik uc «hfupmrsk ik¾ (Ekshrakct  ( Ekshrakct ). ). Kstk skr-kc-k`-bucih ks prkvoh m fum`quokr tkhrâm h ocf`ush m fum`quokr fhcsoikrmfoöc do`hsödofm. K` gkfgh ks quk chs bhvkbhs kc uc ksfkcmroh m` quk gkbhs soih mrrhlmihs. K` prhykfth ks kcthcfks uc kstmr hfupmih kc k` phikr-skr> kstmr hfupmih, kc kxprksoöc ik Hrtkam, fhc cukstrms phsoeo`oimiks. Fhbprkcikr ks, puks, tmc sh`h uc mfth ik cukstrh fhchfobokcth, soch quk sk fhcstotuyk fhbh k` klkrfofohch bosbh ik phckr ik bmcodoksth kstmr-kc-k`-bucih. kstmr-kc-k`-bucih. @h quk sk pukik, h `h quk ks `h bosbh, `h quk sk fhbprkcik, ch sk rkdokrk m uc helkth, soch bís eokc m` prhpoh phikr gmfkr m`ah, m `m phtkcfom ik rkm`ozmr `ms phsoeo`oimiks, y kc ikdocotovm, m cukstrh phikr. Msâ, `h quk sk fhbprkcik rkfmk sherk k` skr kc fumcth quk kxostk, kc fumcth skr-mgâ< ch sk fhbprkcik uc quï, soch uc föbh. Ks ikfor, kstmbhs fhcstrkýoihs m octkrksmrchs phr k` skr, y kc fhcfrkth, phr k` skr ik` skr-mgâ, iksik k` quk gkbhs ik fhbkczmr thim ocvkstoamfoöc u`tkrohr. Ik kstm mraubkctmfoöc kxtrmk Gkoikaakr, y fhc ï` Hrtkam, oaum`bkctk, `m oikm ik quk k` skr ik`  Imskoc  mskoc  m`ekram ucm prkkbockcfom m `m ghrm ik mfkrfmrsk m` skr y fukstohcmrsk h octkrrhamrsk mfkrfm ik ï`. K` gkfgh ik kstmr mrrhlmihs m `m kxostkcfom kc k` bucih ks sh`oimroh ik `m oikm ik` skr ik` skr-mgâ fhbh phsoeo`oimi, fhbh phikr< shbhs, kc pm`merms ik Gkoikaakr, «phsoeo`oimi mrrhlmim¾ (akwhrdkck (akwhrdkck Bôa`ofgnkot ). ).

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm ;5  

Ym` mrrhlmbokcth y mquk` phikr-skr ik` quk tmcth gkbhs gme`mih `hs octkrprktm Gkoikaakr fhbh uc prhykfth m rkm`ozmr ( ( Kctwurd ), ), quk ch sk rkdokrk m ucm ik`oekrmfoöc mfkrfm ik `h quk sk pukik h ch gmfkr, soch quk bís eokc m`uik m ucm kstrufturm ik `m mffoöc kc tmcth quk shbhs rkm`ozmfoöc ik phsoeo`oimiks. Zhr ksh sk kbpkýmem Gkoikaakr kc iodkrkcfomr buy eokc kctrk `m phsoeo`oimi ik `h quk kstí-mgâ, `m phsoeo`oimi fmtkahrom`, ik `m phsoeo`oimi kc skctoih kxostkcfom`. Msâ, shbhs uc kctk fhcstotuoih phr uc skr pkfu`omr, k` skr ik` skr-mgâ, quk ks prhykfth quk sh`h kxostk ocf`ocícihsk gmfom sus phsoeo`oimiks, ks ikfor, quk ücofmbkctk sk im «prhykftícih «prhykftícihsk¾. sk¾. Hrtkam thbmrí ik` pkcsmbokcth ik Gkoikaakr ik Vkr y tokbph  tokbph  `m ucoimi kctrk phikr skr, prhykfth y fhbprkcsoöc, puks `m phsoeo`oimi ks iksfueokrtm ’fhbprkcioim  ’ fhbh phsoeo`oimi ik cukstrh prhpoh skr, skr, ik `h quk ikrovm `m chfoöc ik «mrrhlmbokcth¾, y kc Hrtkam, ik forfucstmcfom. Cukstrm kstrufturm kxostkcfom` ik skrkc-k`-bucih chs merk `ms phsoeo`oimiks mctks ik thim fhcsoikrmfoöc do`hsödofm h tkhrâm. K` fhbprkcikr ks prkvoh m` fhchfkr, fhchfkr, y mquk` kstme`kfk `m tkbítofm, k` íbeoth ik kstk. Gkoikaakr ikdock docm`bkctk k` fhbprkcikr fhbh «k` skr kxostkcfomroh ik` ‐phikr skr‒ pkfu`omr ik` ‐skr mgâ‒ bosbh, ik tm` sukrtk quk kstk skr merk kc sâ bosbh k` ‐kc iöcik‒ ik` skr fhcsoah bosbh¾. Msâ, `m hcth`haâm gkrbkcïutofm ik Gkoikaakr surak fhbh uc octkcth drksfh ik imr fhc k` quï   ik `m rkm`oimi ik `h gostörofh< ik quï sk iofk `h gostörofh y quï toph ik skr ks. K` kstmr mrrhlmih m` quk gkbhs m`uioih sk rkdokrk m ucm sukrtk ik cüf`kh ik ucm dmftofoimi orrkemtoe`k, ock`uioe`k, y m fuym gkrbkcïutofm kstí ikiofmim `m mcm`âtofm kxostkcfom` iksp`kamim kc Vkr y tokbph. tokbph. @m octkrprktmfoöc ks kcthcfks `m mprhpomfoöc kxp`âfotm ik `h quk fhbh phsoeo`oimi kstmem meokrth kc k` prhykfth quk shbhs (m `h quk Hrtkam ``mbmrí kc bufghs ik sus ksfroths «vhfmfoöc¾), y sk ducim, msâ, kc `h ym meokrth kc k` fhbprkcikr, quk m su vkz mpuctm m `m fhbprkcsoöc hroaocm`. Fhc k``h Gkoikaakr quokrk ikfor quk `m octkrprktmfoöc ik m`ah fhbh m`ah sk iktkrbocm phr kstrufturms prkvoms (Thrstruntur (Thrstruntur), ), quk shc k` rkd`klh ik `m kxostkcfom< ks `m kxostkcfom k` prhpoh ckahfoh ik`  Imskoc. mskoc. @h quk sk fhbprkcik, puks, kstí kc ducfoöc ik `m kxostkcfom, ik` tokbph ik `m kxostkcfom.

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm ;6  

Kfhs hrtkauomchs kc `m tkhrâm ph`âtofm ik Gmccmg Mrkcit Gmccmg Mrkcit (=?:4-=?1;), pkcsmihrm m`kbmcm ik hroakc luiâh, fhcstotuyk ucm ik `ms fhctmims kxfkpfohcks dkbkcocms quk phr bïroths prhpohs gm `harmih octrhiuforsk kc `hs mcm`ks ik `m kbockctkbkctk bmsfu`ocm gosthrom ik `m Do`hshdâm.

Lucth m Bmrâm \mbermch y Vobhck Qko`, Gmccmg Mrkcit duk `m pkcsmihrm bís rk`kvmctk ik` pmsmih soa`h WW.

Kc `m mftum`oimi ks `kâim y kstuiomim kc fum`quokr dmfu`tmi ik Fokcfoms Vhfom`ks y Gubmcoimiks, y su herm fhcstotuyk uch ik `hs bhbkcths fuberk ik `m rkd`kxoöc ph`âtofm fhctkbphríckm. Zmrm Mrkcit, k` bucih kc k` quk vovobhs ks k` ksfkcmroh prhpoh ik `m mffoöc, bucih m` quk sk ocfhrphrmc ik bmckrm fhcstmctk ucm ocdocoimi ik mfhctkfobokcths quk shc  luzamihs phr sus prhpohs kspkftmihrks. kspkftmihrks.

M` makctk, soc kbemrah, `k kstí vkimih k` fhbp`kth fhchfobokcth ik `m rk`kvmcfom ik su mffoöc> bkiomctk cukstrm fhciuftm ocofombhs y phckbhs kc bmrfgm uc bkfmcosbh fuyms fhcskfukcfoms iksfhchfkbhs. Mghrm eokc< fum`quokrm ik tm`ks mffohcks qukim ocskrtmim kc uc kspmfoh fhbüc, uc `uamr kc k` quk `hs skrks gubmchs fhcvovobhs< kc kstk skctoih, fhc morks mrosthtï`ofhs, Mrkcit ským`mrí quk `h prhpoh ik `m fouimi ks prkhfupmrsk phr `m voim eukcm, m``â ihcik sk phckc kc fhbüc pm`merms y mffohcks ik skrks ihtmihs pmrm ocofomr mfhctkfobokcths. Gme`mcih y mftumcih chs ocskrtmbhs kc k` bucih ik `hs ghberks, quk kxostâm mctks ik quk gueoïskbhs cmfoih, y kstm ocskrfoöc ks fhbh uc skaucih cmfobokcth, fhc k` quk fhcdorbmbhs k` bmcodoksth gkfgh ik` gmekr cmfoih, fhbh so chs rksphcsmeo`ozískbhs ik k``h. ^…R ^@hs ghberks pukikc thbmr ocofomtovms, vh`vkrsk ocofomihrks y phckr m`ah cukvh kc bhvobokcth^=:R.

Zhr htrh `mih, k` pkcsmbokcth ik Mrkcit aorm kc thrch m `m chfoöc ik phikr< `m muthrm ikskm smekr phr quï chs skctobhs tmc föbhihs y dmbo`omrozmihs fhc uc fhcfkpth ik phikr fhbh k` ikdkcioih phr Gheeks h Vïckfm< k` phikr hstkctmih phr uc shekrmch quk ikfoik phr chshtrhs. Fhbh süeioths, rkfhchfkbhs fhc ikbmsomim dmfo`oimi `m fmpmfoimi ik bmcih ik` ahekrcmctk (fum`oimi rkprkskctmim phr ucm kspmim quk, bís quk ikdkcikr h skr kbp`kmim pmrm fmstoamr, fubp`k ucm ducfoöc ik fhcstmctk mbkcmzm). M` fhctrmroh quk Vobhck Qko`, htrm ik `ms armciks pkcsmihrms ik `m probkrm botmi ik` soa`h WW, Mrkcit prktkcik kstme`kfkr uc kquo`oeroh kctrk trks mftovoimiks ducimbkctm`ks< trmemlh, dmerofmfoöc y mffoöc. Zhr su pmrtk, Qko` kstobmem quk k`

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm ;9  

trmemlh phck kc kxf`usovoimi ik bmcodoksth `h quk k` ghberk ks, kxp`ofmcih quk kstk m`fmczm su p`kcotui m trmvïs ik su fhciofoöc herkrm. K` trmemlh bmcum` ikek ``kamr m skr k` vm`hr bís m`th ch phr su rk`mfoöc fhc `h quk prhiufk, soch phr su rk`mfoöc fhc k` ghberk quk `h ``kvm m fmeh> ch ikek skr helkth ik ghchrks h ik rkfhbpkcsms, soch fhcstotuor pmrm fmim skr gubmch mquk``h ik `h quk, bís kskcfom`bkctk, tokck ckfksoimi pmrm quk su voim thbk phr sâ bosbm uc skctoih y uc vm`hr m sus prhpohs hlhs^==R.

@m rkd`kxoöc sherk k` phikr quk Mrkcit ``kvm m fmeh tokck fhbh fhctkxth procfopm` `ms mtrhfoimiks fhbktoims phr k` OOO Ukofg. @h quk kstm pkcsmihrm ``mbö `m emcm`oimi ik` bm` memrfmem m ucm fhbucoimi quk ch sh`h msobo`ö, soch quk tmbeoïc mfkptö soc pkrturemfohcks `m k`obocmfoöc sostkbítofm ik pkrshcms quk gmstm gmfâm phfh gmeâmc soih vkfochs y fhcfouimimchs (k` tkbhr m `m bmsm quk Hrtkam tmcth prhdksö). @hs m`kbmcks quk ch sk rkek`mrhc drkctk m mquk``hs sufkshs sk rkduaomrhc, m su luofoh, kc `m ksdkrm ik su voim provmim, fhcfkctrmcih `m fhbpktkcfom ik su rksphcsmeo`oimi kc su trmemlh y kc `hs mvmtmrks ik su voim iomrom. Mrkcit ksfroeâm `ms soauokctks `âckms kc  @hs hrâakcks ik` thtm`otmrosbh< thtm`otmrosbh< K` rktorh do`ostkh m `m voim provmim, su ikvhfoöc socfkrm m `ms fukstohcks ik `m dmbo`om y ik su voim prhdksohcm`, dukrhc k` ü`tobh y ym ikakckrmih prhiufth ik `m frkkcfom ik `m eurauksâm kc `m probmfâm ik` octkrïs pmrtofu`mr. K` do`ostkh ks k` eurauïs mos`mih ik su prhpom f`msk, k` ociovoiuh mthbozmih quk ks rksu`tmih ik `m rupturm ik `m bosbm f`msk eurauksm. K` ghberk-bmsm m` quk Gobb`kr hramcozö pmrm `hs bmyhrks frâbkcks kc bmsm lmbís fhbktoihs kc `m Gosthrom, prkskctmem `ms fmrmftkrâstofms ik` do`ostkh bís quk `ms ik` phpu`mfgh y krm k` eurauïs quk, kctrk `ms ruocms ik su bucih, sh`h sk prkhfupmem ik su skauroimi pkrshcm` y quk, m `m bís `oakrm prhvhfmfoöc, kstmem iospuksth m smfrodofmr`h thih, su dk, su ghchr y su ioacoimi.

K` bm` qukim msâ ikstkrrmih m `hs `âbotks ik `h orrk`kvmctk, ik `h quk pukik skr pmsmih phr m`th. Voc kbemrah, `m pkcsmihrm m`kbmcm mdorbmrí quk `m p`urm`oimi ik `hs ghberks, oaum`ks pkrh ücofhs, kcfukctrm su bklhr kxprksoöc kc k` fhcfkpth ik ksdkrm ph`âtofm (`m rksphcsmeo`oimi shfom` ik `m quk tmcth gme`ö Hrtkam kc sus ksfroths), m``â ihcik `ms mffohcks ik `hs skrks gubmchs ch tokckc fhbh helktovh `m bkrm smtosdmffoöc ik `ms ckfksoimiks votm`ks (co tmbphfh `m dmerofmfoöc ik helkths h k` trmemlh, fhbh pmrkfâm ikdkcikr Qko`)> `m ph`âtofm sk fhcvokrtk msâ kc `m mrtofu`mfoöc ik uc bucih fhbpmrtoih, ihcik prkfosmbkctk `h quk sk fhbpmrtk shc mffohcks y pkcsmbokcths. Zhr k``h, fumcih k` thtm`otmrosbh ikskm kcf`mvmr m thih ghberk kc uc rïaobkc ik sh`kimi, ik mos`mbokcth, quk ch ks bís quk ucm ckamfoöc ik mquk``m p`urm`oimi ckfksmrom, fhbokczm m pkrikrsk `m rksphcsmeo`oimi< skr rksphcsme`ks ik `h quk gmfkbhs y ikfobhs ks `h prhpoh ik` kspmfoh püe`ofh. Ch emstm `m sobp`k fhcvovkcfom, soch quk `m  ph`os, h`os, bís m``í ik `m obp`mctmfoöc ik sus fhciofohcks bmtkrom`ks, ks mctk thih ucm hramcozmfoöc. hramcozmfoöc. @h quk gmfk phsoe`k `m mpmrofoöc ik fmbphs ik fhcfkctrmfoöc y akchfoiohs bhcstruhshs ks `m thtm` muskcfom ik pkcsmbokcth kc k` ociovoiuh, quk sk iklm ``kvmr phr `m bmsm. Yhih rksphcik m ucm ksfm`hdromctk «chrbm`oimi¾ ik` klkfuthr, quk kstobm

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm ;;  

occkfksmrom `m rkd`kxoöc m` rkspkfth ik `h quk gmfk ’puksth quk ym htrhs gmc pkcsmih y hrikcmih phr ï`, `h quk mrrhlmrí fhbh rksu`tmih ucm pmsovoimi bmsovm y, kc ü`tobm ocstmcfom, ucm chrbm`ozmfoöc ociovoium` y fh`kftovm ik` bm`. K` thtm`otmrosbh fhcsostk msâ kc mprktmr m uchs ghberks fhctrm htrhs, kc kxprksoöc `otkrm` ik Hrtkam, gmstm ikstruor k` kspmfoh quk bkiom kctrk k``hs. Yhih rïaobkc thtm`otmroh ikstruyk k` kspmfoh püe`ofh y he`oam m `hs fouimimchs m rktormrsk m su rkiufth provmih pmrm ch «bktkrsk kc ph`âtofm¾. Kc  @hs hrâakcks ik` thtm`otmrosbh, thtm`otmrosbh, Mrkcit ksfroeâm quk «k` tkrrhr thtm`otmroh ch mtmfm h suprobk sobp`kbkctk `ms `oekrtmiks, soch quk ikstruyk `ms fhciofohcks kskcfom`ks ik thim `oekrtmi, quk shc `m fmpmfoimi ik bhvobokcth, y k` kspmfoh soc k` fum` ksk bhvobokcth ch pukik imrsk¾. Gmy, msâ, uc prhe`kbm ik rkspormfoöc, ik dm`tm ik mork> phr htrh `mih, `hs ociovoiuhs mfmemc phr skr supkrd`uhs, octkrfmbeome`ks, prksfocioe`ks. Vo k` so`kcfoh he`oamih ik `hs phfhs quk smekc kctrk `m bmsm oachrmctk y fokam ks ym ik phr sâ socokstrh, rksu`tm vkrimikrmbkctk mtkrrmihr k` kspkftífu`h ik ucm bufgkiuberk ihcik thihs smekc y sk fm``mc, ihcik fmim uch `kk `m vkrimi kc `m bormim guoiozm h mtkrrmim ik `hs ikbís ^=5R.

@hs skrks gubmchs shc skrks gostörofhs, docoths, prhfkikc ik uc pmsmih y kstíc ihtmihs ik bkbhrom. Zhr kstm rmzöc `m gosthrom ch pukik pkrtkckfkr m` rkoch ik `h mfmemih, fhbh so dukrm uc prhiufth ikdocotovh, ucm herm tkrbocmim> `m gosthrom, m` fhctrmroh, gm ik kcf`mvmrsk bís eokc kc k` rkoch ik `ms mffohcks, ``kvmims m fmeh phr makctks quk ch pukikc iklmr ik imr rmzhcks ik su mftumr, ks ikfor, sk rkquokrk ik uc uofoh phr k` fum` ks phsoe`k hthramr m `ms prhpoms mffohcks ik uc vm`hr kc k` tokbph. Yhim gosthrom ks, puks, uc luofoh, y `m ph`âtofm, kcthcfks, k` kspmfoh ik `ms cmrrmfohcks fhbucks ’y kc cocaüc fmsh emcm`ks.

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm ;4  

¸]uï ks do`hshdâm8 [cm ik `ms vkrtokctks bís skýkrms y pkfu`omrks ik` pkcsmbokcth ik Hrtkam ks su mbeofoöc phr pkcsmr k` prhpoh pkcsmr. Kc ¸]uï ks do`hshdâm8, do`hshdâm8, Hrtkam prmftofm ucm rkd`kxoöc sherk `hs fmrmftkrks eísofhs ik` pkcsmbokcth, ks ikfor, do`hshdm sherk `m bosbm do`hshdâm, ghrmimcih uc fmboch quk phfhs muthrks gmeâmc ským`mih k ocvkstoamih gmstm mquk` bhbkcth. Vokbprk sk gm imih phr gkfgh quk sk do`hshdm> pkrh kc buy phfms hfmsohcks sk gmc prkauctmih `hs do`öshdhs phr `m cmturm`kzm ik` do`hshdmr, fhbh sâ gmfk cukstrh prhtmahcostm< «ch bk prhphcah gmfkr ucm octrhiuffoöc k`kbkctm` m `m do`hshdâm soch thih `h fhctrmroh. Tmbhs m thbmr k` fhclucth ik `m do`hshdâm, k` do`hshdmr bosbh y vmbhs m shbktkr`h m voahrhsh mcí`osos¾. Kc `ms probkrms `âckms ik kstm herm, ucm ik `ms bís ek``ms y rkfhchfoims ik` do`öshdh bmiro`kýh, Hrtkam mskaurm quk k` ksdukrzh octk`kftum` quk chs mehfm m pkcsmr chs iostocauk, m `m vkz, ik `hs htrhs, ik `m bmsm, y chs fhciufk «phr rutms rkföciotms¾ quk sh`h iksfuerobhs m trmvïs ik` pkcsmbokcth. Fhcvkcfoih ik `m obphrtmcfom quk phskk `m forfucstmcfom gostörofm ch kc sh`h`mociovoium`) fmim shfokimi, Hrtkam `ms iostoctms vmromfohcks quk sk(yimc gosthrom ik`ikpkcsmbokcth, `hspmrm iodkrkctks vormlks quk `m do`hshdâm vm kxpkrobkctmcih, ch sk ikekc m quk sk iksfuerm dm`skimi kc `ms vkrimiks pmsmims, soch m `m buy iostoctm hrokctmfoöc quk `hs skrks gubmchs mihptmc kc fmim fhyucturm gostörofm< «ch, puks, `ms vkrimiks soch k` ghberk ks k` quk fmbeom y phrquk fmbeom vm rkfhrrokcih `m skrok ik mquk``ms, vm sk`kffohcmcih¾. sk`kffohcmcih¾. Hrtkam prmftofm msâ ucm tkhrâm ik `hs fmbeohs ik pmrmioabm kc do`hshdâm buy mpkamim m `m mctrhph`haâm. Vo ch fmbeom k` toph ik ghberk, mskaurm, ch pukik fmbeomr ik cocaüc bhih k` pkcsmbokcth. Ch shc `ms oikms prhpombkctk `h quk sk bhiodofm fhc k` pmsh ik` tokbph, soch k` skr gubmch quk `ms pokcsm. _ kstk vormlk kc k` bhih ik skctor y pkcsmr, kstk fmbeoh ik skcsoeo`oimi, ks k` quk pkrbotk quk mpmrkzfm cukvh bmtkrom` do`hsödofh quk, m `m vkz, prhpofom k` fmbeoh gostörofh. ]uokc ch sk mtrkvk m pkcsmr phr sâ bosbh, m fmbeomr sus gíeoths fhc rkspkfth m` pmsmih gostörofh k ociovoium`, sk vkrí mrrmstrmih phr `m h`m ik `h prktïroth, y qukimrí msâ subkraoih kc `m rksmfm orrkbkiome`k ik `m trmiofoöc. _ ks quk, octrhiufokcih dukrzm votm` kc k` pkcsmbokcth ik Iksfmrtks («pokcsh, `ukah kxosth¾). Hrtkam kstobm quk so ik m`ah ch pukik iuimr k` do`öshdh ks ik quk do`hshdm, puks `m mutïctofm rmâz ik `m do`hshdâm ks `m voim, y kstm, so ks pkcsmim, gm ik skr`h m trmvïs ik `m do`hshdâm. Ks phr ksh, kc kxprksoöc ik` muthr kspmýh`, quk `m do`hshdâm «ks k` fukcth ik cucfm mfmemr¾, puksth quk ihcik gmy voim sokbprk kxostorí, kc bmyhr h bkchr bkioim, uc mgâcfh phr pkcsmr `m forfucstmcfom ik fmim skr, ik fmim puke`h, ik fmim cmfoöc. Vokbprk kxostorí do`hshdâm.

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm ;1  

Ik mgâ quk pmrm Hrtkam skm fmpotm` fukstohcmr `m mpmrkctk ocdm`oeo`oimi ik `m fokcfom helktovm, h m` bkchs su bïthih, puks `ms vkrimiks ik fmríftkr fokctâdofh, m pksmr ik su kxmftotui y roahr, sokbprk p`mckmc kc uc íbeoth skfucimroh, iklmcih octmftms `ms fukstohcks bís ducimbkctm`ks y ü`tobms, `ms rkm`bkctk ikfosovms< «`m fokcfom kxpkrobkctm` ks sh`h ucm kxoaum phrfoöc ik `m ` m bkctk y k` hramcosbh gubmchs. gubmchs. Ihcik k``m sk pmrm ch sk pmrm k` ghberk¾. Ik kstk bhih, `m vkrimi ik `m dâsofm, y kc akckrm` ik `ms fokcfoms kxmftms, m pksmr ik su kcluciom bktöiofm y fokctâdofm, ks sokbprk ocfhbp`ktm, «pkcü`tobm¾, cucfm sk emstm m sâ bosbm. Iofgh kc phfms pm`merms< `m fokcfom rkquokrk ik `m rkd`kxoöc do`hsödofm pmrm ocvkstoamr `hs bís prhducihs bostkrohs gubmchs. K` helkth ik `m fokcfom rksu`tm sokbprk pmrfom`, «ks sh`h uc trhzh ik` bucih y mikbís pmrtk ik bufghs supuksths quk im soc bís phr eukchs¾. @hs prhe`kbms ch tkrbocmc cucfm ihcik tkrbocmc `ms mdorbmfohcks fokctâdofms, puks m` ghberk ik fokcfoms `k gmfk dm`tm kc thih bhbkcth ucm vkrimi «octkarm`¾, a`hem`, kc `m quk mphymr sus ocvkstoamfohcks. Zhr ksh iorí Hrtkam quk kxostkc ihs tophs ik vkrimi< `m fokctâdofm y `m do`hsödofm. Voc prukems kbemrah, m pksmr ik ik quksu`hvkrimi, quk `mphskk, do`hshdâm hdrkfk kcbufgh hfmsohcks mphrtmr fhctucikctks ocf`ush msâ,ch uc pukik fmríftkr bís rmiofm` quk `hs phstu`mihs ik `m fokcfom. Bokctrms quk k` fokctâdofh kspkrm m`aüc iâm ``kamr m fhchfkr ik` thih su helkth, «sh`h k` do`öshdh gmfk ocarkiokctk kskcfom` ik su mftotui fhachsfotovm `m phsoeo`oimi ik quk su helkth skm ociöfo` m` fhchfobokcth¾. K` do`öshdh ks fhcsfokctk ik quk `m dokrm m `m quk gmfk drkctk sokbprk bmctkcirí mbkcmzmctks sus dmufks. @m mftotui ik` do`öshdh, msâ, ks `m ik` ghberk muimz, `m ik` gïrhk tríaofh (fhbh ym vobhs kc fmpâtu`hs mctkrohrks). Ks k` do`öshdh k` ücofh quk sk mtrkvk m ckamr prhvosohcm`bkctk k` skr y, «m` ckamr`h, fhcvkrtârsk`h kc prhe`kbm, frkmr`h fhbh prhe`kbm¾. Ym` ks `m mftotui ducimbkctm` ik` tm`mctk do`hsödofh ik` quk Hrtkam ``mbm ghbh tgkhrktofus. tgkhrktofus. K` mutïctofh do`öshdh ks quokc pmrtk ik quk thih fumcth gmy ks kc fokrtm bkioim ocksfrutme`k. Zkrh, kcthcfks, ¸pmrm quï do`hshdmr8 Kstm prkauctm, quk m Hrtkam `k rksu`tmem bh`kstm, rkfhak k` skctoih ü`tobh ik `m do`hshdâm, quk cucfm gm ik kcfkrrmr ucm docm`oimi bkrmbkctk uto`otmrostm co prkstmrsk m` skrvofoh ik `hs fmprofghs vk`koihshs ik` ghberk. Zuks do`hshdmr ks, kc ü`tobm ocstmcfom, skr fhcsfokctks ik` «prhe`kbmtosbh ik` prhe`kbm¾, mfhakr kc cukstrh octk`kfth `m ktkrcm ocquoktui y mcaustom quk mfhsm m` octk`kfth. @m do`hshdâm, so ks fokcfom, ks fokcfom soc suphsofohcks mctkrohrks, ks fokcfom gkrhofm< «Ks, puks, `m do`hshdâm `ky octk`kftum` ik sâ bosbm, ks muthcöbofm¾, ks ikfor, sk im `kyks m sâ bosbm y ks k``m bosbm `m quk ikek p`mctkmr y iksmrrh``mr, iksik fkrh, `hs prhe`kbms quk `m mfufomc. K` skr gubmch prkfosm ik `m do`hshdâm pmrm hrokctmrsk, pmrm `mermr uc fmboch

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm ;7  

quk ``kvk ik `m rkd`kxoöc m `m mffoöc, y kc k` quk `m mffoöc pukim skr fukstohcmim fhc `ms gkrrmbokctms ik `m do`hshdâm. Drkctk m `m rk`oaoöc, uc fmbph kc k` quk, m luofoh ik Hrtkam, sh`h fmekc `m p`kamrom y `m ihfo`oimi drkctk m` ihabm kstme`kfoih, `m do`hshdâm gmfk ik` skr su prhe`kbm, y shc `ms iuims, `m ocfkrtoiuberk y `m iksmzöc sus bhthrks ducimbkctm`ks, quk `m fhciufkc m fukstohcmr orrkbosoe`kbkctk `ms emsks bís skaurms ik `m voim. @m do`hshdâm ch mdorbm quk ch kxostm cmim kc mesh`uth< bís eokc phstu`m quk «co `m kxostkcfom co `m ockxostkcfom ik` bucih kc thrch ks kvoikctk¾.

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm ;?  

@m fkrfmcâm do`hsödofm ik Hrtkam y Kocstkoc Mucquk `m dmbm ik Kocstkoc sk ikek ducimbkctm`bkctk m `m prhbu`amfoöc ik `m tkhrâm ik `m rk`mtovoimi, k` dâsofh m`kbíc chs `kaö vmrohs ksfroths do`hsödofhs ik `hs quk phikbhs kctrksmfmr thim ucm `kffoöc ik voim emsmim kc `m mspormfoöc m `m vkrimi, M`ekrt Kocstkoc kc ucm vosotm m Yh`kih kc =?56 shrprkcikctkbkctk sobo`mr m `m  lucth m` bmtrobhcoh Hrtkam y Amsskt. ikdkcioim kc sus ksfroths phr Hrtkam. ]uozís fhbh cocaucm htrm, `m herm ik M`ekrt Kocstkoc (=71?-=?;;) chs bukstrm fuíc fkrfm fhcvovkc `ms ocquoktuiks fokctâdofms y `ms do`hsödofms, y föbh `ms skaucims pukikc ``kamr m fhbp`kbkctmr m `ms probkrms fumcih `ms gkrrmbokctms ik `m fokcfom pmrkfkc rksu`tmr ocsudofokctks pmrm hthramr uc skctoih m `m kxostkcfom. Fhbh ksfroeokrm Kocstkoc kc K` bucih fhbh yh `h vkh, «`hs golhs ik `m Yokrrm vovobhs ucm furohsm sotumfoöc. Kstmbhs mquâ ik pmsh y ch smekbhs fhc quï doc, mucquk m vkfks frkmbhs octuor`h¾. K` mshberh phr k` bucih quk chs rhikm (`m forfucstmcfom hrtkauomcm) ks, soc iuim, `m pokirm ik thquk ik` pkcsmbokcth fokctâdofh y do`hsödofh ik Kocstkoc. Mucquk ``kaö m mdorbmr quk prkauctmrsk phr k` skctoih ik `m voim iksik uc pucth ik vostm helktovh (fokctâdofh) `k pmrkfâm mesurih, cucfm iklö ik `mih `m vkrtokctk mcâbofm quk ksfhcik thim mftovoimi fokctâdofm< «k` quk kxpkrobkctm su prhpom voim y `m ik` prölobh fhbh fmrkctk ik skctoih, ch sh`h ks ocdk`oz, ik`m vovor¾. M doc ikfhbh fukctms, ihc bís gkrbhsh fhc k`soch qukocf`ush chs gmocfmpmz prkbomih cmturm`kzm skrksk`gubmchs ks «`m m`karâm ik bormr¾ y, ``kamih k` fmsh, phikr ``kamr m fhbprkcikr. M pksmr ik su fhbprhbktoim y drkcïtofm fmrrkrm fokctâdofm, quk `k fhciulh m prkskctmr kc =?:; su tkhrâm ik `m rk`mtovoimi (fumcih, ¡fhc tmc sh`h vkoctosïos mýhs!, sk amcmem `m voim m iurms pkcms fhbh hdofocostm ik ucm makcfom ik pmtkctks kc Ekrcm y müc ch ikskbpkýmem cocaüc fmrah mfmiïbofh), Kocstkoc smeâm buy eokc quk trms fum`quokr imth fumctodofme`k chs thpmbhs fhc uc rksth ocksfrutme`k quk `m fokcfom, kc su mpmrkctk hbcophtkcfom, ch ks fmpmz ik mehrimr. Kc ucm skctkcfom quk rkfukrim bufgh m `ms drmsks docm`ks ik Iohtobm kc K` emcquktk  ik Z`mtöc, k` dâsofh m`kbíc mdorbmem quk ik gkfgh «`m fhsm bís ek``m quk phikbhs kxpkrobkctmr ks `h bostkrohsh, ksk skctobokcth probhriom` quk sk kcfukctrm kc `m fucm ik` mrtk y `m fokcfom

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm 4:  

vkrimikrhs. ]uokc ch `h fhchfk y ym ch pukik bmrmvo``mrsk co shrprkcikrsk, kstí, kc fokrth bhih, fokah h bukrth¾. Kocstkoc, fhcsoikrmih phr bufghs k` pkrshcmlk bís soacodofmtovh ik` soa`h WW, pkcsmem quk k` bhthr ik `m fokcfom (msâ fhbh ik fum`quokr mftovoimi gubmcm ioacm ik skr ``kvmim m fmeh) rksoik kc `m fmpmfoimi ik p`mctkmr octkrrhamctks quk sk gmamc fmrah ik `m fhbp`kloimi ik` bucih. [cm mftotui quk ch iuiö kc fmrmftkrozmr ik rk`oaohsm< kstm «rk`oaohsoimi ks `m ik` mshberh kxtítofh mctk `m mrbhcâm ik `ms `kyks ik `m cmturm`kzm, ihcik sk bmcodokstm ucm rmzöc tmc supkrohr quk thih pkcsmbokcth y hrikc gubmchs sk rkiufkc m uc ocsoacodofmctk ikstk``h¾.

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm 4=  

Ik vuk`tm m `hs f`ísofhs< Ahktgk iksik ikctrh Fhbh gkbhs oih fhbprhemcih, kc k` pkcsmbokcth ik Hrtkam tokck `uamr uc vormlk pmu`mtoch kc k` quk trmcsotmbhs ik ucm do`hshdâm bís h bkchs `otkrmrom y prhducim (mucquk ik rmoamberk tïfcofm) m uc pkcsmbokcth quk povhtm sherk `m chfoöc ik voim. Cucfm memcihcm cukstrh muthr, soc kbemrah, k` mgâcfh phr fhcstruor ucm cukvm Kurhpm y phr rkvoahrozmr `m tmrkm rkd`kxovm kc Kspmým. Kc kstk skctoih, Hrtkam pmrm bokctks kc mcm`ozmr `m tmrkm ik` octk`kftum`, m` quk fmrmftkrozm fhbh ucm sukrtk ik mvkcturkrh. Mucquk ym kxostk kstm mph`haâm ik `m mvkcturm kc  Bkiotmfohcks ik` ]uolhtk, ]uolhtk, kc Ahktgk iksik ikctrh  ikctrh  Hrtkam rkthbm k` msucth y `h iksmrrh``m kc p`kcotui. _ ks quk `m voim gubmcm sh`h kcfukctrm skctoih ocskrtm kc uc prhykfth, quk ckfksotm skr puksth emlh `m `uz ik `m rkd`kxoöc. Hrtkam, thbmcih fhbh bhik`h m Ahktgk, ikcucfom quk k` octk`kftum` ch pukik pkrbmckfkr mlkch m `h quk sufkik kc su fhctkxth. K` do`öshdh bmiro`kýh phck su pucth ik borm kc k` fhcfkpth ik vhfmfoöc, kc mquk``h quk sk quokrk (y sk ikek) skr. @m `oekrtmi ch sh`h sk bukstrm kc `ms ikfosohcks puctum`ks quk thbmbhs fmim iâm, soch tmbeoïc, y sherk thih, kc `m k`kffoöc ik cukstrh prhykfth, uc prhykfth quk sh`h pukik skr msuboih iksik `m mutïctofm vhfmfoöc. M luofoh ik cukstrh pkcsmihr, `m hpkrmfoöc do`hsödofm phr mcthchbmsom fhcsostk kc fmptmr k` skctoih ik `h gkfgh gmstm k` bhbkcth prkskctk, pmrm ik kstm dhrbm phikr hthramr kc `h sufksovh, m su vkz, uc cukvh ghrozhctk ik skctoih. @h ducimbkctm` ks `m phsksoöc ik ucm vh`uctmi ik fukstohcmr `m voim fhtoiomcm pmrm mrroemr m fokrths procfopohs quk rkaoríc cukstrm voim. K` ociovoiuh kstí ikfoiokcih fhcstmctkbkctk quï gmfk kc fmim bhbkcth ik su kxostkcfom> ks phr k``h quk `m ocvkstoamfoöc ik cukstrm eoharmdâm ikrovm kc ü`tobm ocstmcfom kc uc prhykfth bktmdâsofh, quk trmsfokcik `h bkrmbkctk eoharídofh. K` skr gubmch tokcik m frkmr bhcubkcths gostörofhs (mcmfröcofhs, ocskrvoe`ks docm`bkctk) ik `ms doaurms bís karkaoms, fumcih `m tmrkm ik` do`öshdh, m` fhctrmroh, gm ik skr `m ik mtkcikr `m voim fhbh `h quk ks< ucm fhctocum ckfksoimi ik ocvkcfoöc y rkchvmfoöc, prkýmim ik uc obpkrmtovh ik vkrmfoimi. Kxostkc, msâ, fokrths prhe`kbms mfufomctks quk k` octk`kfth ch pukik iklmr ik `mih, quk ch phikbhs oachrmr soc bís, phr `h quk ch sorvk thbmr fhbh oikm` h bhik`hs m `hs armciks akcohs ik` pmsmih (fhbh so thih kstuvokrm ym gkfgh). Uksu`tm ckfksmroh k` ksdukrzh octk`kftum` ociovoium`, quk chs gmfk fmkr kc `m fukctm ik quk `m voim, kc rkm`oimi, ks ucm sukrtk ik cmudrmaoh. Vh`h fumcih kstk sk chs gmfk pmtkctk, fhbokczm m skr phsoe`k cukstrm sm`vmfoöc. @m kxostkcfom fhcsostk, iksik kstm pkrspkftovm hrtkauomcm, kc uc sotumrsk drkctk m tm` prksoöc. @ms fhcvkcfohcks kstme`kfoim kstme`kfoims, s, shfom` h

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm 45  

ociovoium`bkctk, ch rksu`tmc cucfm sudofokctks pmrm mdrhctmr `m voim kc p`kcotui. Vk rkquokrk uc obpu`sh phr skr mutïctofh, phr imr rmzöc ik sâ bosbh. [cm fhcfkpfoöc quk Hrtkam thbm ik Coktzsfgk y ik Vobbk`, y quk mehrimrkbhs kc k` quocth fmpâtu`h ik kstk `oerh< k` ghberk ks fhcsoikrmih, kc ikdocotovm, fhbh ucm herm ik mrtk. Kc uch ik `hs tkxths bís fï`kerks ik ¸]uï ks do`hshdâm8, do`hshdâm8, Hrtkam mskaurm, fhctucikctk, m `hs kstuiomctks quk `k ksfufgmc, quk gmc ik memcihcmr `hs voklhs fhcfkpths, y, kc fhcfrkth, uch quk ducfohcm fhbh ucm sukrtk ik tubhr kc k` fukrph do`hsödofh< k` fhcfkpth ik skr. K` do`öshdh mskaurmem tmlmctk quk «mcucfoh lmquk bmtk m` skr ik Z`mtöc, ik Mrostötk`ks, ik @koecoz, ik Nmct, y, f`mrh kstí, tmbeoïc, m` ik Iksfmrtks¾. ¸Kc quï skctoih prhpuacm Hrtkam kstm fmpotm` tksos8 M su luofoh, k` pkcsmbokcth ch ks m`ah kstítofh, dolh, quk sk im ik ucm vkz pmrm sokbprk. Bís eokc fhcsostk kc uc bhvobokcth pkrpktuh y fhcstmctk. Ks ikfor, rkd`kxoöc. [c pkcsmbokcth sh`h vovk so ks pkcsmih, so ks gkfgh, rkm`ozmih, ``kvmih m kdkfth< «k` skr ik` pkcsmbokcth ks ocquoktui, ch ks kstítofh soch mftovh pmrkfkrsk y imrsk k` skr m sâ bosbh¾. @m oikm procfopm` qukpkcsmctk, Hrtkam bmcklm ksths tkxths ks `mpkcsmbokcths. ik quk ch kxostk k` pkcsmbokcth h k` yh quk im kc voim m `hs prhpohs @hsoc qukbís sk im, bís eokc, ks ucm pkrspkftovm fhcfrktm iksik `m quk heskrvmbhs k` bucih< «co yh shy uc skr sustmcfom` co k` bucih tmbphfh¾, mdorbm Hrtkam> y fhctocüm< «yh shy pmrm k` bucih y k` bucih ks pmrm bâ. Vo ch gmy fhsms quk vkr, pkcsmr k obmaocmr, yh ch vkrâm, pkcsmrâm h obmaocmrâm ’ks ikfor, yh ch skrâm¾. Gmstm kstk pucth mskaurm Hrtkam quk `m pkrspkftovm ks `m fhciofoöc soc `m fum` ks obphsoe`k `m kxostkcfom ik` sulkth< shbhs `h quk fhcsoikrmbhs iksik cukstrh prhpoh skr, iksik cukstrm em`mustrmim ociovoium`. Vh`h k` lukah fhbüc ik pkrspkftovms, p`urm`ks y sokbprk ocmahtme`ks, fhcdoaurm k` bucih fhbh uc thih, quk ch kxostk kc y pmrm sâ. Fhbh Hrtkam suaokrk kc Ahktgk iksik ikctrh, ikctrh, k` pmsmih sh`h obphrtm pmrm fhcdkffohcmr k` duturh. @m mutïctofm rkek`oöc ik` ociovoiuh ks `m quk klkrfk fhctrm `m trmiofoöc gkrkimim y, phr kxtkcsoöc, fhctrm `hs prkluofohs quk chs fhcstotuykc y mfmemc phr dhrbmr pmrtk ik chshtrhs soc quk mpkcms fmoambhs kc `m fukctm. _m ik bmckrm ikdocotovm, p`mctkm Hrtkam kc kstm herm quk su «tkhrâm akckrm`¾ ik `m do`hshdâm ks k` pkrspkftovosbh. Kc ucm drmsk pmrm k` rkfukrih, ksfroek quk «`m voim ks ucm hpkrmfoöc quk sk gmfk gmfom mik`mctk. Vk vovk iksik iksik k  ` phrvkcor, phrvkcor, phrquk vovor fhcsostk ockxhrme`kbkctk kc uc gmfkr, kc uc gmfkrsk `m voim ik fmim fum` m sâ bosbm¾. Ch vm`kc `hs ksqukbms prkkstme`kfoihs, `ms dörbu`ms mcmfröcofms (gueokrmc h ch skrvoih kc htrh tokbph)< k` fhbokczh, cukstrh fhbokczh fhbh ociovoiuhs, ks sh`h y ücofmbkctk mghrm. Zhr ksh, soc mffoöc, k` pkcsmbokcth sk qukim kc purm pm`merkrâm, kc dhrlm ik fhcfkpths vmfâhs quk ik cmim sorvkc. Ch sorvk `m purm ikfosoöc, `m purm k`ufuermfoöc<

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm 46  

pkcsmr rkf`mbm mftumr, y fum`quokr pkcsmbokcth quk qukim soc skr klkrfoih ks kc rkm`oimi sobp`k mpmrokcfom, shberm, gubh. Klkfutmr k` pkcsmbokcth ks klkfutmr k` duturh y sus phsoeo`oimiks. Zhr ksh ks cukstrm voim, fhbh mpuctmbhs bís mrroem, uc socau`mr cmudrmaoh< «cmudrmamr ch ks mghamrsk¾, mivokrtk Hrtkam. Fumcih frkkbhs mghamrchs, maotmbhs iksfhcsh`mihs `hs ermzhs fhc k` doc ik ch sufubeor< kstk bhvobokcth, m hlhs ik Hrtkam, ks `m fu`turm. Mghrm eokc, fumcih kstm sk gm mskctmih, h bís eokc mcquo`hsmih, soc cucfm gmekr soih fukstohcmim, k` skr gubmch pokrik su fmpmfoimi ik vkrsk kc k` cmudrmaoh, y sk frkk (fhbh k` ghberk-bmsm) m sm`vh ik thim ocfkrtoiuberk, h quk prhvhfm `m mustkroimi y k` mpk`bmzmbokcth ik` bhvobokcth rkd`kxovh. Zhr ksh, kxp`ofm cukstrh prhtmahcostm, «tokck quk sherkvkcor m`aucm iosfhctocuoimi quk rkcukvk kc k` ghberk `m skcsmfoöc ik pkriobokcth, sustmcfom ik su voim¾. Vh`h fumcih k` iksfhcsuk`h gmam bk``m kc chshtrhs phirkbhs ik cukvh m`ktkmr y maotmr `hs ermzhs «sm`vmihrmbkctk¾. «sm`vmihrmbkctk¾. Fhc fokrths kfhs ucmbucomchs kxprksm Hrtkam quk, ik bmckrm fhcstotutovm, `m voim ks uc irmbm, puks fhcsostk kc ucm `ufgm «drkcïtofm fhc `ms fhsms¾ k ocf`ush fhc chshtrhs bosbhs pmrm m`fmczmr y iksmrrh``mr k` prhykfth quk shbhs. Cmim kstí ikdocoih ik mctkbmch, ch shbhs purm psofh`haâm quk rkmffohcm mctk kstâbu`hs< phskkbhs, m` rkvïs, uc «mbp`oh bmrakc ik `oekrtmi¾ fhc rkspkfth m cukstrh ikstoch. Kc Ahktgk iksik ikctrh, ikctrh, Hrtkam mcobm m` skr gubmch m fhchfkr su vkrimikrm vhfmfoöc, fhc k` helktovh ik skr dok` m sâ bosbh y ch kcamýmrsk. _ ks quk «`h bís octkrksmctk ch ks `m `ufgm ik` ghberk fhc k` bucih, fhc su ikstoch kxtkrohr, soch `m `ufgm ik` ghberk fhc su vhfmfoöc¾. Kc rksubkc< `m voim ch pukik vovorsk sh`m, y bufgh bkchs soc lustodofmr `h quk gmfkbhs mctk k` ücofh troeucm` fhbpktkctk pmrm k``h, chshtrhs bosbhs. @m ücofm kxostkcfom mutïctofm ks `m quk chs ským`m cukstrm vhfmfoöc. Kc ucm bmacâdofm kxprksoöc, Hrtkam soctktozm bufgh ik su pkcsmbokcth< «@m voim ks memcihch ik` skr kc iosphcoeo`oimi¾, ks ikfor, shbhs bufgms fhsms kc phtkcfom, pkrh sh`h shbhs kdkftovmbkctk mquk``ms quk gmfkbhs. Vh`h `m mffoöc fkrtodofm k` pkcsmbokcth. Kc phfms pm`merms< `m voim ks phr mcthchbmsom `h quk gmy phr gmfkr, y quokc «octkctm k`uior kstm fhciofoöc sustmcfom` ik `m voim¾, skctkcfom Hrtkam, «rkfoek ik k``m k` bís ghrroe`k fmstoah< m` qukrkr ch gmfkr cmim sk meurrk, y kcthcfks qukim fhcikcmih m` bís fruk` ik `hs trmemlhs dhrzmihs, m gmfkr tokbph¾.

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm 49  

[cmbuch y \mbermch< fhbp`kbkctmrokimiks hrtkauomcms Mucquk vovokrhc pkrâhihs iostocths ik `m gosthrom ik Kspmým, phikbhs ocsfroeor m Boauk` ik [cmbuch (octkr`hfuthr ik Hrtkam) y m Bmrâm \mbermch (iosfâpu`m ikf`mrmim ik` pkcsmihr bmiro`kýh) kc ucm `âckm fhctocum ik pkcsmbokcth, fuyh fhbktoih procfopm` ’ mucquk ch kxf`usovh’ skrâm k` ik ikf`mrmr `m fkrfmcâm y pmrkctksfh iorkfth kctrk `m do`hshdâm y `m phksâm, rksfmtmcih ik uc shspkfghsh h`voih, ym ocstotufohcm`ozmih kc `ms fítkirms ik ucovkrsoimi, fokrtm smeoiurâm phïtofm quk phikbhs rmstrkmr kc `hs hrâakcks bosbhs ik `m do`hshdâm. Kc bü`top`ks hfmsohcks mdorbm k` muthr

@m pkcsmihrm Bmrâm \mbermch,

prhsostm, duk iosfâpu`m vmsfh quk k` skctobokcth ik` bucih y `m kxfk`kctk ik Lhsï Hrtkam y Amsskt kc `m fhbprkcsoöc quk ik ï` tkckbhs shc, [covkrsoimi Fkctrm` ik Bmiroi. ckfksmrombkctk, «mctrhphbördofhs y bothpkofhs¾, y quk ks ik `m dmctmsâm ik ihcik surak `m rmzöc, y ch m` rkvïs. Zhktms y do`öshdhs shc, kc kstk skctoih, fmso akbk`hs, so ks quk ch shc `m bosbm fhsm. Zmrm`k`mbkctk, mbehs muthrks rkovociofmc k` phikr fhachsfotovh ik `m bktídhrm fhbh gkrrmbokctm hroaocm` bkiomctk `m quk chs ks pkrbotoih pkrfoeor k` fhbp`ofmih kctrmbmih ik rk`mfohcks prkskctks kc `m rkm`oimi. Msâ, `m bktídhrm ’rofm kc skctoih y kxtrmým m `m mestrmffoöc’ sk hphck m` gokrmtosbh y skqukimi ik` bkrh fhcfkpth.

`hahs

`klhsskikgm``m kxf`uor h iklmrtmcth m uc `mih k`  (rmzöc, hrikc) ik` Voc qukkbemrah, k` fhcfkpth prkýmih, \mbermch fhbh [cmbuch `harmc sotumr kc cukstrm phtkcfom obmaocmtovm h frkmtovm (bothpkofm) k` hroakc ik` pkcsmbokcth< kc ü`tobm ocstmcfom, fum`quokr iosfursh rmfohcm` sk kcfukctrm fh`bmih ik ucm octkrprktmfoöc prkvom ik `m rkm`oimi, octkrprktmfoöc quk ks sokbprk sobeö`ofm, skctobkctm`. «K` skctor, puks, chs fhcstotuyk bís quk cocaucm htrm ik `ms ducfohcks psâquofms, iorâmsk quk `ms ikbís `ms tkckbhs, bokctrms quk k` skctor `h shbhs¾, ksfroeâm Bmrâm \mbermch kc Zmrm ucm gosthrom ik `m Zokimi . Kstm «smeoiurâm phïtofm¾ ks ikdkcioim phr mbehs fhbh k` bhih prhpoh kc quk `m do`hshdâm tokck `uamr kc Kspmým, sokbprk rkmfom m` kxfksh ik mestrmffoöc ’fmusm m `m vkz ik` ksfmsh ïxoth `hs pkcsmihrks pmtrohs bís m``í ik `ms drhctkrms kspmýh`ms’. Kbpkrh, Bmrâm \mbermch ksfroek fhc dorbkzm kc Zkcsmbokcth y phksâm kc `m voim kspmýh`m< «gkbhs

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm 4;  

ským`mih quk `m rmzöc, k` pkcsmbokcth kc Kspmým, gm ducfohcmih ik eokc iodkrkctk bmckrm y quk phr k``h Kspmým pukik skr k` tkshrh voraocm` iklmih mtrís kc `m frosos ik` rmfohcm`osbh kurhpkh. Kspmým ch gm ahzmih fhc p`kcotui ik ksk phikrâh, ik ksk ghrozhctk. Chs gkbhs rkprhfgmih bufgms vkfks cukstrm pherktkrâm do`hsödofm y msâ ks, so phr do`hshdâm sk kctokcikc `hs armciks sostkbms. Bms ik cukstrm pherktkrâm sm`irí cukstrm roqukzm¾. \mbermch vk kc Kspmým, phr tmcth, ucm phsoe`k sm`oim m` mahtmbokcth ik `m rmzöc sostkbítofm, tmc iksmrrh``mim kc htrhs `uamrks ik Kurhpm. Kc kstm bosbm `âckm, tmcth [cmbuch fhbh `m pkcsmihrm bm`maukým gmfkc suym ucm ikdkcsm ik`  pmtghs, ik` hrikc  pítofh  (sokbprk prkvoh m` bkrmbkctk tkörofh), fhbh ucm pukrtm ik mffksh provo`kaomim, bkiomctk `m quk k` ghberk sk phck kc fhctmfth fhc `m rkm`oimi y fhcsoah bosbh. Vkctorsk sokcih, skctor k` mfth ik skr, suphck `m probkrm dhrbm ik muthfhcfokcfom y ik iksfuerobokcth ik uch bosbh. Ik kstm bmckrm, k` skctobokcth rkprkskctm pmrm mbehs k` prhthtoph hroaocmroh bkiomctk k` fum` k` ghberk sk kxpkrobkctm fhbh uc skr quk ’mctk thih’ kxostk< kc ikdocotovm, `m rkm`oimi  pítofm  ks mctkrohr m `m rkm`oimi chkbítofm (fhachsfotovm). Ik kstk bhih `h kxprksmem [cmbuch< «skctorsk ghberk ks bís ocbkiomth quk pkcsmr¾, ocvortokcih k` fhaoth  fmrtksomch ( fhaoth, krah sub), y rkfhcvortoïcih`h kc `m soauokctk mdorbmfoöc< sub, krah fhaoth. Vk pukik ikfor quk ik` pkcsmbokcth ik [cmbuch y \mbermch sk soauk k` octkcth ik dhrlmr ucm do`hshdâm kstïtofm, fuym bís skrom rkovociofmfoöc mdkftm m `m fhcsoikrmfoöc ik` fhchfobokcth, quk gm ik skr kcfmrcmih kc tmcth quk `oamih m` fukrph y m `hs skctoihs ik` «ghberk ik fmrck y guksh¾, ik` quk sudrk y bukrk> «¸fmek mfmsh¾, sk prkauctmem [cmbuch, fhchfkr¸Ch purhsk socsokctk skctobokcth, ksm bmtkrom`oimi k` skctobokcth«uc `k prkstm8 mfmsh k`socpkcsmbokcth y sk quk sokctk uch m sâ bosbh m `m vkz quk sk fhchfk y sk quokrk8¾. [cm do`hshdâm, phr tmcth, emsmim kc `m mdkftovoimi bís probhriom` y hroaocmrom, y fuyh skctobokcth votm` gm ik skr k` helkth y bmtkrom` prhpohs ik` pkcsmbokcth, puks «cukstrm do`hshdâm, ksth ks, cukstrh bhih ik fhbprkcikr h ch fhbprkcikr k` bucih y `m voim, erhtm ik cukstrh skctobokcth rkspkfth m `m voim bosbm¾ ([cmbuch).

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm 44  

@m dukrzm ik `m voim «[c ghberk pmrm quokc thih kc `m voim ks mvkcturm ks uc armc ghberk.¾ HUYKAM.  Kstuiohs sherk k` mbhr

K` mbhr kc Hrtkam @m probkrm vkz quk Hrtkam pue`ofö  Kstuiohs sherk k` mbhr  mbhr  duk kc =?6?, kc `m fouimi ik Eukchs Morks. Kc kstm herm kcfhctrmbhs ucm skrok ik mrtâfu`hs quk k` muthr rkimftö kctrk =?54 y =?51, m `hs quk bís tmrik mýmioö htrhs. Mucquk k` msucth fkctrm` quk rkück y im trmemzöc m kstm fh`kffoöc ik ksfroths ks k` mbhr, k` fhcfkpth fmpotm` ik `m herm ks, ik cukvh, k` ik voim, ikdocoim fhbh ockxtrofme`k bosoöc ik` skr gubmch ik mfhakr kc sâ bosbh `m rksphcsmeo`oimi ik su `oekrtmi. Ymbphfh sk foýk Hrtkam, fhbh kxp`ofm m` fhbokczh ik «Dmffohcks ik` mbhr¾, m` skctobokcth quk uck m bulkrks y ghberks. Vu fhcfkpfoöc, fhbh ks gmeotum` kc ï`, kcfokrrm ucm pmchríbofm bufgh bís mbp`om. Ik bmckrm sobo`mr m fhbh Z`mtöc p`mctkm k` mbhr kc  K` emcquktk, emcquktk, ks ikfor, fhbh ucm fhbp`ktm tkhrâm ik` ikskh, Hrtkam mrrmcfm su rkd`kxoöc m pmrtor ik cukstrm fhciofoöc ik bíquocms ikskmctks. ikskmctks. M` ikfor ik` do`öshdh m`kbíc Mrtgur Vfghpkcgmukr (=177-=74:), shbhs skrks fhcikcmihs m qukrkr, vâftobms ik ucm kskcfom (`m vh`uctmi) quk ikskm `m pkrbmckcfom ik `m kxostkcfom emlh fum`quokr dhrbm. Voc kbemrah, kxp`ofm Hrtkam, k` mbhr kc skctoih kstrofth ch sk foýk m` ikskh quk su helkth gmfk cmfkr puks k` mbhr, phr klkbp`h, sk prh`hcam kc k` tokbph, bokctrms quk k` purh ikskh ks kc bufgms hfmsohcks mpmfoaumih fumcih ks smtosdkfgh. Kc kstk skctoih, k` mbhr ks uc «mfth fkctrâduah¾ quk sk akckrm kc cukstrm m`bm y quk, kc su mbeofoöc phr kcvh`vkr `h mbmih, sk rktrhm`obkctm y mfmem phr sm`or ik sâ, ik su bosboimi. Ks ikfor< k` mbhr ch sk fhctkctm fhc skr skctoih, soch quk prkfosm ik `m phsksoöc ik` helkth phr k` quk sk klkrfk. Vh`h ucoïcihsk m ï` y mdorbmcih ik bmckrm fhcluctm k` skr quk kbmcm ik` mbhr, shc `hs mbmctks fmpmfks ik smfomr, soquokrm bhbkctíckmbkctk, su ski. Chs kcmbhrmbhs, p`mctkm cukstrh do`öshdh m ghberhs ik Z`mtöc, fumcih dolmbhs ucm mtkcfoöc iksbksurmim sherk ucm pkrshcm. K` helkth ik cukstrh mbhr fherm, ik rkpkctk, bís rkm`oimi quk k` rksth ik `ms fhsms. Ks `h quk Z`mtöc ``mbmem tgkom bmcâm (bmcâm iovocm). Zkrh kstk ks tmc sh`h k` fhbokczh. Zuks, phfh m phfh, k` bucih vm pkriokcih obphrtmcfom y `h mbmih `h sustotuyk. Zhr htrm pmrtk, kc hpocoöc ik Hrtkam, k` mbhr vm mfhbpmýmih ik` ocstocth skxum`, puks «thih kcmbhrmbokcth tokcik

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm 41  

muthbítofmbkctk gmfom k` drkcksâ¾. M pksmr ik quk thih mbhr mutïctofh fhbpmrtm kstm fmrmftkrâstofm, ch kxostk, soc kbemrah, ucm fum`oimi quk kcmbhrk ucovkrsm`bkctk, puks ch thihs chs kcmbhrmbhs phr `ms bosbms rmzhcks. Zmrm Hrtkam, mctks quk htrm fhsm, shbhs «uc sostkbm ik prkdkrkcfoms y iksikcks¾, kc k` quk sk fhctokck uc fhrmzöc quk, `otkrm`bkctk, ks ucm bíquocm ik «prkdkror y iksikýmr¾, k` vkrimikrh shphrtk ik cukstrm pkrshcm`oimi. _ ks kc `m k`kffoöc ik` mbmih h `m mbmim ihcik sk phck ik bmcodoksth cukstrh mutïctofh dhcih. Hrtkam mraubkctm quk m` skr mtrmâihs phr m`auokc phckbhs sherk `m bksm cukstrm pkrshcm`oimi< k` octkrïs quk chs mrrmstrm gmfom m`auokc ks, msâ, k` mbhr. _ phr ksh, kc ü`tobm ocstmcfom, k` mbhr ks ym k`kffoöc.

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm 47  

K` ocd`ulh p`mtöcofh ik K` emcquktk kc Hrtkam  Fhbh ks eokc smeoih, Z`mtöc ks quozís uch ik `hs pkcsmihrks quk bís ’y bís prhducimbkctk’ gm rkd`kxohcmih sherk k` mbhr. Kc k` do`öshdh mtkcokcsk, k` krhs  (mbhr) miquokrk `m fhciofoöc ik «pukctk¾ kctrk su ``mbmim «psofh`haâm bhrm`¾ y `m «tkhrâm ik `ms dhrbms¾ (h ik `ms oikms). Mucquk fhcvokck iostocauor, kc uc probkr bhbkcth, kctrk krhs  y  pgo`âm, ihs fhcfkpths fmpotm`ks kc `m akckm`haâm ik` mbhr fhbh fmtkahrâm do`hsödofm, Z`mtöc sh`h trmtmrí ik `m  pgo`âm  (ucm dhrbm ik mdkfth bís eokc bhikrmih, ucm sukrtk ik mbostmi) kc @osos, bokctrms quk kstuiom k` krhs (sustmctovh ik` vkreh krmc, quk ikchtm prhpom pkrh ch kxf`usovmbkctk `m pmsoöc skxum`) bís m dhcih. Zhr su pmrtk, Mrostötk`ks ikiofmrí m` bkchs trks `oerhs ik sus ksfroths ïtofhs m `m mbostmi mbost mi   h  pgo`âm> prkfosmbkctk, k` kstmaorotm ikdocorí k` mbhr fhbh uc «kxfksh ik  pgo`âm^=6R¾. M Z`mtöc `k octkrksm k` mbhr phr fumcth suphck `m dhrbm ’h kxtkrohrozmfoöc’ bís dukrtk ik` ikskh, mucquk ch k` ikskh ik fum`quokr fhsm, fhbh bkrm mpktkcfom, soch k` ikskh ik `h ek``h ( tùnm`öc), quk, kc k` dhcih, aumrim pmrm k` do`öshdh uc octkrksmctk y mfusmih pmrkctksfh fhc `h eukch (mamtgöc). Ikekbhs skr fhcsfokctks, soc kbemrah, mvosm Z`mtöc, ik quk kstk ikskh pukik ``kamr m fhrrhbpkrsk ^=9R  h, `h quk ks `h bosbh, pukik tkcikr m `h pkhr. Zmrm Z`mtöc pukik ``kamr m mfkptmrsk fhbh eukch k` ikskh fmrkctk ik `ky (ikshrikcmih)< (ikshrikcmih)< so m`ah fhctokckc `hs ikskhs frobocm`ks, ks uc fhbphckctk ikskstmeo`ozmihr, quk fhrrhbpk m doc ik fukctms cukstrm pmrtk rmfohcm`. Vo rkfhrimbhs m`auchs drmabkcths ik` ioí`hah Dkirh, heskrvmbhs föbh k` fmem``h hsfurh (k` ik `m fhcfuposfkcfom) sh`h pukik m`fmczmr su bktm fhc k` fhcskctobokcth ik` muroam, quk ch ks htrh quk `m rmzöc. @`kambhs, puks, m `m procfopm` fhcf`usoöc ik Z`mtöc< k` ikskh ikek skr fhcvkcokctkbkctk kcfmbocmih, auomih, ucm tksos quk gmrí bk``m kc k` Hrtkam ik Kstuiohs sherk k` mbhr , puks m luofoh ik` pkcsmihr kspmýh`, mucquk ik` mbhr cmfkc ikskhs, ch sk foýk prhpombkctk k` mbhr m ikskmr< «ikskmbhs vkcturms m `m pmtrom y ikskmbhs vovor kc k``m ‐phrquk‒ `m mbmbhs. Cukstrh mbhr ks k` prkfoh m kshs ikskhs, quk cmfkc ik ï` fhbh `m p`mctm ik `m sobokctk¾. Zhr k``h, y phr `h quk thfm m K` emcquktk, kcfhctrmbhs kc Z`mtöc thim ucm tkhrâm ik` ikskh (ik` fhctrh` ik `ms pmsohcks), y, kc fhcfrkth, ik` ikskh rmfohcm` ik` eokc kctkcioih fhbh `h ek``h y `h eukch. @m f`mvk fhcsostk kc kcfhctrmr k` bïthih quk pkrbotm uc gkrbmcmr rmzöc y ikskh. Zmrm k` pkcsmihr arokah pukik kstme`kfkrsk sâbo` kctrk `m iorkffoöc ik` emcquktk y `m ik `m aukrrm< ks ikfor, tmcth k` ocvotmih m uc emcquktk fhbh k` kstrmtkah  (k` bmcih bo`otmr) shc, fmim uch m su bmckrm, ucm

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm 4?  

sukrtk ik k`kaoihs (k` probkrh gm ik fhctrh`mr k` ush iksbkioih ik `m ekeoim pmrm kcfmuzmr fhrrkftmbkctk sus iosfurshs> k` skaucih gm ik kquo`oermr su voahr pmrm ioroaor ik bhih kdofokctk m sus sh`imihs). Kc kstk skctoih, Z`mtöc sk rkdokrk m ucm furohsm kberomaukz> quokc ekek ikek skr fmpmz ik bmctkckr `m fhbphsturm, m` oaum` quk k` ahekrcmctk gm ik gmfkr thih `h phsoe`k phr iksmrrh``mr `m fhcfhriom y mbostmi kctrk `hs bokberhs ik `m shfokimi (sychysâm), fhc k` helktovh ik gmfkr`m bís sö`oim^=;R. Tkbhs, puks, föbh K` emcquktk  ch kcfokrrm sh`h uc soacodofmih mctrhph`öaofh (ik rk`mfoöc kctrk `hs ghberks y sherk `h quk `hs ghberks shc), soch tmbeoïc ph`âtofh y kiufmtovh, puks prkskctm thih uc mrtk ik fhctrh`mr `m kberomaukz< `ms chrbms ik` emcquktk pkrbotkc k` mffksh m uc p`mfkr buy pmrtofu`mr, k` p`mfkr fu`turm`, ocspormih phr `ms busms, quk dmfo`otm m` do`öshdh eusfmr `m vkrimi (ch fhbh uc bkrh io`ktmctk, soch fhbh uc mutïctofh ksfrutmihr ik `m rkm`oimi). Ik oaum` dhrbm, kxp`ofm Hrtkam, k` kcmbhrmih ikek fhctrh`mr sus kbhfohcks, puksth quk k` kstmih ik kcmbhrmbokcth, so ch ks puksth emlh fokrths `âbotks, pukik ``kamr m prhvhfmr `m bís duckstm «pmrm`ozmfoöc ik cukstrm voim¾.

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm 1:  

K` rmfohvotm`osbh h `m rmzöc votm`. Bktmdâsofm ik `m pkrspkftovm

Fhcdkrkcfom ik Lhsï Hrtkam y Amsskt kc k` fock ik `m Öpkrm, Bmiroi (=?6=).

Kc `hs mýhs =?65 y =?66, Hrtkam obpmrtk uc fursh ikiofmih m `h quk ``mbm `hs «procfopohs bktmdâsofhs skaüc `m rmzöc votm`¾, kc `hs quk sk prhphck skctmr `ms emsks ik kstm iosfop`ocm do`hsödofm m ghberhs ik su tkhrâm ik` rmfohvotm`osbh. K` prhe`kbm ducimbkctm` m` quk chs m` gkfgm, kstuiomr, kxp`ofm yk`docm`ozmim do`öshdh,(phr ks quk k` kstuiomctk sk kcdrkctm fhc kcdrkctmbhs ucm ihftrocm ym tkrbocmim bufgh quk pukim mvmczmr y meror cukvhs fmbochs). Voc kbemrah, ch hfurrk msâ fhc `m do`hshdâm co fhc `m mutïctofm ckfksoimi ik` ghberk ik frkmr fokcfom, ocstoamim phr k` mgâcfh (ym bkcfohcmih phr Mrostötk`ks) quk thih skr gubmch m`ekram gmfom k` smekr. Zkrh `m fokcfom, kc akckrm`, ch pukik skr kquopmrmim m uc fhclucth kchrbk ik fhchfobokcths y procfopohs quk ikekc skr msobo`mihs y mprkcioihs, puks thihs chs kcfhctrmbhs iospuksths ik bmckrms iodkrkctks kc ducfoöc ik cukstrm pmrtofu`mr forfucstmcfom. Kc kstk skctoih, Hrtkam ikdock `m bktmdâsofm fhbh mquk``m iosfop`ocm quk «fhcsostk kc quk k` ghberk eusfm ucm hrokctmfoöc rmiofm` kc su sotumfoöc¾, `h quk suphck, chs kxp`ofm, quk `m sotumfoöc chrbm` ik` ghberk fhcsostk kc ucm mcaustohsm ikshrokctmfoöc. «K` quk sk ikshrokctm kc k` fmbph eusfm uc p`mch h `m erülu`m, h prkauctm m uc trmcsküctk y ksth `k emstm pmrm hrokctmrsk.¾ Zkrh Hrtkam ch gme`m ik uc

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm 1=  

kstmr pkrioih kc k` kspmfoh dâsofh, soch ik ucm «rmiofm` ikshrokctmfoöc¾ (buy kbpmrkctmim fhc k` «kstmr mrrhlmih¾ m` bucih ik Gkoikaakr, quk ym trmtmbhs kc fmpâtu`hs mctkrohrks). @m bktmdâsofm kxostk fhbh obpkrmtovh gubmch phrquk ch ckfksotmbhs pkrikrchs> k` skcfo``h gkfgh ik kxostor ym fhc``kvm `m ikshrokctmfoöc> `m voim ks, m doc ik fukctms, kstmr pkrioih, «y phr ksh kxostk `m Bktmdâsofm¾, mskaurm cukstrh pkcsmihr. Msâ, `m bktmdâsofm ks ucm `mehr p`kcm y kxf`usovmbkctk gubmcm quk rkm`ozmbhs pmrm hrokctmrchs kc cukstrm pmrtofu`mr sotumfoöc. Zmrm k``h, k` ghberk ikek skctorsk pkrioih prkvombkctk, kcfhctrmrsk m sâ bosbh fhbh uc skr fuym kxostkcfom fhcsostk kc kstmr kxtrmvomih. Zhr ksh ch ks sudofokctk fhc kbp`kmr `m bkrm rmzöc, puks kstm ks ym uc iosphsotovh votm`, ocf`ush eoh`öaofh, quk chs pkrbotk rkm`ozmr kc cukstrm voim k` prhykfth quk gkbhs k`kaoih. Vhbhs `h quk chs pmsm, pkrh ik uc bhih pmrtofu`mr. Zuks skr, soc bís, ks `h quk `k mfhctkfk y kc `h quk pmrkfk fhcsostor `m voim ik` ghberk-bmsm. Voc kbemrah, `m kxostkcfom ik` pkcsmihr y ik quokc thbm kc skroh `m voim rmiofm kc uc fhbprkcikr buy pmrtofu`mr, kc uc vkr quk sk ks, kxp`ofm Hrtkam, kc uc kctkrmrsk ik cukstrm pmrtofu`mr sotumfoöc. «@m pokirm ch sk sokctk co smek skr pokirm< ks pmrm sâ bosbm fhbh pmrm thih mesh`utmbkctk fokam¾, uc kc-sâ, fhbh ym vobhs kc tkrboch`haâm ik Vmrtrk. Mikbís, chs kcfhctrmbhs kc uc `uamr iktkrbocmih ik` bucih. Mucquk `m voim merk uc fmbph fmso o`obotmih ik phsoeo`oimiks, ik cmim skrvoríc kstms so ch chs gmfkbhs fhcsfokctks ik k``ms, ik quk fhc cukstrm kxostkcfom phikbhs rkm`ozmr `h quk rkm`bkctk shbhs, puks «vovor ch ks kctrmr phr austh kc uc sotoh prkvombkctk k`kaoih m smehr, fhbh sk k`oak k` tkmtrh ikspuïs ik fkcmr, soch quk ks kcfhctrmrsk ik prhcth y soc smekr föbh, fmâih, subkraoih, prhykftmih kc uc bucih ocfmclkme`k¾, kxp`ofm Hrtkam kc ucm prkfohsm rkd`kxoöc. Ikekbhs vovor gmfoïcihchs pmrtâfopks ik `m shrprksm, ik` mshberh quk obprobk kc chshtrhs fmim cukvm forfucstmcfom. Yhih `h ikbís ks purm k ocskcsoe`k ockrfom. @m voim ks, ik kstk bhih, rksphcsmeo`oimi mctk k` duturh (k` pmsmih ch chs fhcstotuyk, mucquk skm pmrtk ik cukstrm eoharmdâm), puks thim kxostkcfom sk prhykftm y klkfutm gmfom ik`mctk, ch gmfom mtrís. _ thih qukim fhcfkctrmih kc uc pucth kc k` quk thihs `hs kxtrkbhs tkbphrm`ks sk imc fotm< k` prkskctk, k` mghrm, kc k` quk gkbhs ik phckr kc lukah cukstrm fmpmfoimi pmrm rkm`ozmr cukstrms phsoeo`oimiks. Mucquk `m voim chs ks imim, chs ks fhcfkioim, tkckbhs quk gmfkr`m fhcstmctkbkctk, ikfoior. _ phrquk `m rmzöc purm ch pukik sup`mctmr m `m voim, fhbh ksfroeâm Hrtkam kc  K` tkbm ik cukstrh tokbph, tokbph, ikekbhs klkrfkr cukstrh phikr sherk `m forfucstmcfom, «`m rmzöc sh`h ucm dhrbm y ducfoöc ik `mtokbph voim¾.fhcsostk _ msâ, ik bmckrm tmxmtovmpuks mskaurm Hrtkamksquk k` mutïctofh msucth ik cukstrh kc «shbktkr `m rmzöc m `m votm`oimi, `hfm`ozmr`m ikctrh ik `h eoh`öaofh, supkiotmr`m m `h ksphctíckh¾. Yhih vm`hr y thim mffoöc ikekc skr rkm`ozmihs tkcokcih fhbh pmtröc

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm 15  

suprkbh m `m voim, gmfokcih ik k``m «uc procfopoh y uc ikrkfgh¾. Umzöc votm`, puks, h rmfohvotm`osbh, y ch purh votm`osbh h rmfohcm`osbh, ks `h quk pkrsoauk kstme`kfkr Hrtkam fhc su sostkbm do`hsödofh.

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm 16  

K` fhctrmstk ik` votm`osbh ik Hrtkam fhc k` pksobosbh ik Emrhlm Kc uc mrtâfu`h pue`ofmih k` 59 ik skptokberk ik =?:: kc  K` Zmâs  Zmâs (emlh k` tâtu`h ik «@ms voims trostks¾), uc Zâh Emrhlm fhc suikpmsmih fhcdksmem``mbmihs quk «yh sm`â iksh`ovomctmih kshs mctrhs obekfo`oimi [covkrsoimiks¾, trms `hs rkotkrmihs suspkcshs (fmusmihs bís phr su iksoctkrïs quk phr su ocfmpmfoimi) fhc `hs quk m`auchs fmtkirítofhs `k heskquomemc kc Bmiroi. Fumcih sk trms`mim m Tm`kcfom, ihcik mpkcms fhchfk m cmiok y fhbokczm m skctorsk phr doc `oerk, ikf`mrm kc ucm fmrtm dkfgmim kc =7?6 k` oikmroh quk phr mquk` kcthcfks ch iuimem kc phckr kc príftofm< «vovor kcthctkfoih, fhbh sokbprk, y kstuiomr phfh. Fhbkr emstmctk> ioakror eokc> ihrbor bufgh> kcsufomrsk kc thih. Vkr uc eruth. Gk mquâ bo voim¾.

Hrtkam cucfm kstuvh ik mfukrih fhc k` pksobosbh orrkikcth ik Zâh Emrhlm, ik quokc ``kaö m ikfor< «M cmim sk pmrkfk tmcth uch ik sus `oerhs fhbh m uc helkth mrrhlmiozh¾.

Emrhlm kbpkzö m pue`ofmr sus probkrhs ksfroths ik fokrtm rkpkrfusoöc kc `m  Ukvostm Cukvm  Cukvm  m fmbeoh ik vkoctofocfh pksktms (k` trmth ocf`uâm, ksh sâ, `m vkctm ch sh`h ik `hs mrtâfu`hs, soch tmbeoïc ik m`auchs buke`ks pmrm `m rkimffoöc, fhbh fukctm k` bosbh Emrhlm kc `m chvk`m ihcik doffohcm`ozm ksm ïphfm,  Mvkcturms, ocvkcths y boxtodofmfohcks ik Vo`vkstrk Zmrmihx). Zmrmihx). Kc sus bkbhroms, kxp`ofmrí Emrhlm quk m docm`ks ik =7?7 ch skctâm uc vkrimikrh mpkah phr htrm fhsm quk ch dukrm `m ksfroturm< «qukrâm kcsmymr `otkrmturm. _m fhbprkciâm `m `otkrmturm imrâmo`usoöc. phfh rksu`tmih pkfucomroh, pkrh, bokctrms tmcth, phiâmquk vovorkcsmymr pherkbkctk, pkrh fhc _ bk ikfoiâ m k``h¾. Msâ kbpkzmem `m mvkcturm `otkrmrom ik` muthr ik Vmc Vkemstoíc. Buy prhcth, sus mrtâfu`hs ``mbmc `m mtkcfoöc ik` püe`ofh y ik sus fhbpmýkrhs ik dmkcm. [cmbuch mskaurmem kc =?:: quk «Emrhlm ``kam m` fhrmzöc gmfoïcihchs kstrkbkfkr gmstm kc `m bís pkqukým doerm. Zkcsmihr y mrtostm, bís `h probkrh quk `h skaucih, sus cmrrmfohcks shc chtms ik`ofmiâsobms, píaocms mrrmcfmims ik `m rkm`oimi¾. [c mýh bís tmrik, Umborh ik Bmkztu mf`mrmem kc `m rkvostm  Bmiroi  miroi  quk «`h quk Emrhlm eusfm kc k` kspârotu shc `ms tkcikcfoms bm`smcms, `ms fhemriâms, `ms boskroms, `hs ociofohs h rksoiuhs ik `m voim ikfmikctk quk kc kstm ïphfm ik skrks ocikfoshs sk kcfukctrmc gmstm kc `ms ociovoium`oimiks bís phikrhsms¾. phikrhsms¾.

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm 19  

_ ks quk, fhbh ks smeoih, `m sotumfoöc ph`âtofm y shfom` quk kc k` doc ik` WOW  sk vovâm kc Kspmým krm, fumcih bkchs, ik`ofmim. @m pïrioim ikdocotovm ik m`aucms fh`hcoms y k` iksmrrh``h ik` pksobosbh kurhpkh (Vfghpkcgmukr, @khpmrio, Nokrnkammri, k` rkfukrih ik @mrrm), quk buy prhcth duk mfhaoih phr k` bosbh Emrhlm, pkrh tmbeoïc phr [cmbuch, Mzhrâc, Bmfgmih h Amcovkt, hfmsohcmrhc `m orrupfoöc ik uc toph ik `otkrmturm octobostm, quk gmfâm gocfmpoï bís kc `ms vofosotuiks psofh`öaofms k ocquoktuiks `hs pkrshcmlks quk kc sus forfucstmcfoms kxtkrcms, fhctkbp`mimsbktmdâsofms fhbh bkrhsikgkfghs fhyucturm`ks. Zhikbhs rmstrkmr ksths rmsahs kc m`auchs ik `hs ksfroths bís tkbprmchs ik Emrhlm, phr klkbp`h, kc k` rk`mth «Bk`mcfh`âm¾, pue`ofmih kc =7?6 kc  @m lustofom. lustofom. Kc ï` sk kxphckc `ms erkvks pkrh octkcsms rkd`kxohcks ik uc «voklh pí`oih y gmrmphsh¾, ik «bormim drâm¾ y shcrosm ik «mbmram trostkzm¾, quk chs rk`mtm buy fhcfosmbkctk m`auchs ik `hs gm``mzahs bís obphrtmctks ik su voim. Mucquk hetuvh ch phfhs ïxoths, su ocfopokctk smtosdmffoöc sokbprk ikskbehfmem kc ucm armc trostkzm. Fumcih fkrfm ik su docm` rkfmpmfotm sherk su voim, `m fhcf`usoöc ks k`hfukctk< «ikskh prkfosmbkctk `h quk ch tkcah, y, soc kbemrah, ch gmy kc bo m`bm uc oikm` dolh y f`mrh> sokcth mcsoms y mcgk`hs ik m`ah armcik, ik m`ah kchrbk, pkrh fhc k``hs bk bhrorï, y fhc k``hs bk kctkrrmríc> ¸quoïc smek8, quozís `m bukrtk, m` gmfkr`hs iksmpmrkfkr, iksmpmrkfkr, `hs smtosdmam¾. Kc kstms ü`tobms pm`merms kcfhctrmbhs ikdocotovmbkctk m`auchs ik `hs rmsahs procfopm`ks quk Emrhlm thbmrí ik sus kxtkcsms y pmusmims `kfturms ik Nmct y, sherk thih, Vfghpkcgmukr. Ik` probkrh mihptm ucm ik sus kcskýmczms mctrhph`öaofms bís fï`kerks< `m «ocshfome`k shfomeo`oimi ik` ghberk¾, sokbprk kc fhcd`ofth fhc sus skbklmctks, m `hs quk, m `m vkz, ckfksotm pmrm phikr kxostor. Ik Vfghpkcgmukr, phr su pmrtk, m quokc Emrhlm tuvh sokbprk fhbh uch ik `hs kspârotus bís kbockctks ik `m do`hshdâm m`kbmcm, meshrek uc pksobosbh quk phikbhs heskrvmr kc thih k` fhclucth ik `m herm emrhlomcm> kc fhcfrkth, `m duamfoimi ik `m kxostkcfom ik `hs skrks gubmchs, k` kstrkfgh fkrfh quk skpmrm k` skr y `m cmim, y `m rk`mfoöc ik `hs ghberks fhc uc ikskh quk cucfm fklm kc k` kbpkýh ik vkr smtosdkfgms sus mbeofohcks. Kc htrh ik sus bís tkbprmchs y soacodofmtovhs rk`mths, «K` eokc suprkbh¾ (=7?9), Emrhlm prkskctm m uc pkrshcmlk quk fhcvkrsm fhc Euigm, quokc `k im `m hphrtucoimi ik ksfhakr k` ihc quk bís ikskk. Mquk` k`oak `m ocbhrtm`oimi, pkrh kcskauoim fmk kc `m fukctm ik su dmtâiofh krrhr y sup`ofm m Euigm quk, phr dmvhr, `k pkrbotm trmspmsmr `ms «pukrtms ik` rkoch ik `h ocfhcsfokctk, ik` sotoh kc quk sk ks soc skr¾. @m cmim, m doc ik fukctms, ks prkdkroe`k m` skr, m ucm voim kc `m quk `ms akckrmfohcks sk sufkikc ucms m htrms soc phikr fhctkbp`mr kc k``ms cocaüc vosh ik kvh`ufoöc ksporotum`. Ks soc iuim kc su mrtâfu`h «Bo bhrm`¾, ik =?:5, ihcik msostobhs m` iksp`okauk emrhlomch ik `ms ghcims ocd`ukcfoms quk Coktzsfgk ikspkrtö kc ï`, m` oaum` quk, gkbhs vosth, sufkik kc k` fmsh ik Hrtkam. Kc kstm sukrtk ik frkih, tkýoih ik uc pksobosbh

sokbprk `mtkctk ik fhrtk imrwocomch, Emrhlm mdorbmem quk «shy uc ociovoium`ostm kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm 1;  

rmeohsh, shy uc rkek`ik> `m shfokimi bk pmrkfk ikdkftuhsm phrquk ch bk pkrbotk iksmrrh``mr bos kckraâms, cmim bís quk phr ksh¾. Ksh m `h quk ``mbmbhs «bhrm`¾, kxp`ofm k` muthr vmsfh, pmrkfk rksphcikr m uc ocfhcsfokctk shfom` quk sk prhphck fhbh bktm ucm bklhrm bís quk iuihsm y quk, mikbís, cucfm mfmem ik ``kvmrsk m kdkfth (uc pkcsmbokcth quk tmcth rkfukrim m` ik` ghberk-bmsm ik Hrtkam). Obprkacmih ik` votm`osbh eoh`haofostm ik Coktzsfgk, Emrhlm mskaurm quk «`m gubmcoimi sk gm skpmrmih ik `m `ky cmturm`¾, m `m quk gmy quk rkthrcmr> ikekbhs `oekrmrchs ik `ms «`kyks y prkfkpths shfom`ks y rk`oaohshs¾, quk ch gmfkc bís quk iodofu`tmr `m mutïctofm y phsoe`k kvh`ufoöc< «mahtmr thims `ms dukrzms votm`ks¾ soc rkcucfomr mrtodofom`bkctk m cocaucm ik k``ms. K` obpkrmtovh ik Emrhlm ks tmlmctk< quk `hs skrks gubmchs «sk sokctmc dukrtks, m `m fhcquostm ik `m voim y ik` bucih¾, puks `m pokimi ks eukcm sh`h trms gmekr vkcfoih. Zkrh Emrhlm, armfoms m sus `kfturms ik Fgmr`ks Emuik`mork y Kiamr M. Zhk, ks buy fhcsfokctk ik föbh chs `ms amstmbhs `hs uchs fhc `hs htrhs. Kc su mrtâfu`h «Zkrvkrsoimi¾ (=7?6) sk rkdokrk m ucm bostkrohsm «dukrzm¾ quk co soquokrm `m do`hshdâm pukik kxp`ofmr, ucm kspkfok ik «tkcikcfom quk iktkrbocm m `m vh`uctmi m klkfutmr mfths rkprhemihs¾ phr `ms `kyks cmturm`ks quk mýhs ikspuïs kcsm`zmrâm m `hs fumtrh vokcths. _ ks quk kc k` bucih ks phsoe`k gmfkr k` bm` phr k` bm`, fhbh ym miulh Zhk (m` quk Emrhlm ikchbocm «do`öshdh ik `m pkrvkrsoimi¾)< ocf`ush quozís pukim gme`mrsk ik ucm bm`imi occmtm kc `hs skrks gubmchs, ik ucm suakstoöc ikbhcâmfm kc `hs ghberks quk pukik ``kamr m fhciufor m su butum ikstruffoöc y mcoquo`mbokcth. [cm bmsm, `m gubmcm, m `m quk Emrhlm sokbprk tkboö y iksprkfoö (kc fhckxoöc fhc Hrtkam), ik `m quk kbmcmc thihs `hs bm`hs obpu`shs quk chs fhciufkc m prmftofmr k` bm`, mucquk, mfmsh, «`h ücofh quk phikbhs imr ks `h quk tkckbhs. t kckbhs. [c mcsom ih`hrhsm, uc mcgk`h ocfhcfrkth phr uc oikm` tmbeoïc ocfhcfrkth, uc ikskh ik m`ah armcik, ik m`ah tkrroe`kbkctk gubmch¾, ksfroeâm kc «Ch chs fhbprkcikbhs¾ (=?:6). ¸Föbh fhcfo`omr, kcthcfks, mbehs ph`hs< `ms iksbkioims prktkcsohcks ik mquk``ms «`kyks cmturm`ks¾ (cukstrhs bís ghcihs ikskhs), m `ms quk gmy quk imr rokcim suk`tm, y `m pkrvkrsoimi quk pmrkfk rksoior kc thih ícobh gubmch8 Kstm skrí ucm tkcsoöc m `m quk Emrhlm gmrí drkctk iurmctk thim su fmrrkrm frkmtovm y fhc `m quk cucfm tkbkrí thpmrsk. Ihs tkxths ikekbhs fhbpmrmr kc kstk pucth. Kc ucm ik sus chvk`ms bís fhchfoims, Fmboch ik pkrdkffoöc, pkrdkffoöc, ihc Zâh gmfâm gme`mr ik kstm bmckrm m` mrrokrh Cofh`ís Zh`kctochs< «Yhihs `hs ghberks shc ocsmfome`ks, frïm`h ustki, y fhbh ch sk pukikc smfomr thihs `hs ikskhs, phrquk k` ghberk ks fhbh uc amvo`íc, puks vm`k bís ch smfomr cocauch¾. @m voim, ikf`mrm Cofh`ís fhc uc iklk bmrfmimbkctk sfghpkcgmukromch, «ch ks bís quk ucm o`usoöc¾, y fhbh ikf`mrmrm Uueïc Imrâh kc k` phkbm «@h dmtm`¾ (=?:;), «ch gmy ih`hr bís armcik quk k` ih`hr ik skr vovh, / co bmyhr pksmiuberk quk `m voim fhcsfokctk¾. @m o`ushrom kxostkcfom ik `hs ghberks ks prkfosmbkctk ih`hrhsm phrquk kcfokrrm `m fhcsfokcfom ik su prhpom kvmcksfkcfom y

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm 14  

drmao`oimi. K` skr gubmch octkctm kxp`ofmrsk m sâ bosbh k` ducfohcmbokcth ik `m voim tm` y fhbh sk chs prkskctm (`ufgms, octroams phr ihquokr, pkqukýhs mtosehs ik kdâbkrm dk`ofoimi, mcsoms ik phikr, sudrobokcth, ktf.), pkrh ik cukvh sk kcfukctrm fhc k` prhe`kbm ik` kahâsbh< «thih `h vmfombhs kc k` bh`ik ik cukstrh kspârotu< dukrm ik ksk pkqukýh bh`ik, ch tkckbhs cmim pmrm msor y fhbprkcikr `ms fhsms quk pmsmc phr ik`mctk ik chshtrhs¾, ksfroeâm Emrhlm kc  @ms ocquoktuiks ik Vgmcto Vgmcto Mciâm Mciâm.. Hrtkam cucfm kstuvh ik mfukrih (mucquk kc pmrtk sâ `h kctkcioö) fhc k` pksobosbh orrkikcth ik Emrhlm, m quokc fhcsoikrm k` rkprkskctmctk toph ik `m «dmucm kspmýh`m¾ ikfmikctk, ik skcsoeo`oimi mtrhzbkctk ckamtovm, quk prkihbocö m docm`ks ik` WOW y procfopohs ik` WW. K` prhpoh Hrtkam mskaurm quk k` m`bm ik Emrhlm cmfoö «ik ucm fmtístrhdk kc k` kspârotu fh`kftovh¾, quk hdrkfk uc pmchrmbm `mbkctme`k< ks m trmvïs ik` m`bm ik` muthr ik  K` íreh` ik `m fokcfom  fokcfom  fhbh vkbhs «fhbh phr ucm vkctmcm `m ikstruffoöc ik `m Kspmým octkrohr¾. Mucquk ks uc gkfgh quk `m bmyhr pmrtk ik `ms gosthroms cmrrmims phr Emrhlm ch phskkc uc docm` kspkfom`bkctk iofghsh, k` muthr vmsfh tmbphfh iksprkfoö ociosfrobocmimbkctk `hs pkqukýhs rksporhs quk chs im kc hfmsohcks `m voim m trmvïs ik `m mbostmi y k` mbhr… sokbprk, ksh sâ, quk tkcambhs buy prkskctk quk, fhbh rkzm uch ik `hs tâtu`hs ik ucm ik sus herms bmkstrms,  K` bucih ks mcsâ < «ks vkrimi. Yhih ks iurkzm, thih fruk`imi, thih kahâsbh. ¡Kc `m voim ik `m pkrshcm bkchs fruk`, fuíctm oclustofom, fuíctm ocarmtotui! K` bucih ks mcsâ¾. Ikeoih m kstm fhctucikcfom, ksfroeâm Hrtkam kc  Zâh Emrhlm< mcmthbâm ik uc m`bm iospkrsm,, quk «m cmim sk pmrkfk tmcth uch ik sus `oerhs fhbh m uc helkth mrrhlmiozh y iospkrsm `m ghsqukimi ik su tkbpkrmbkcth, `h marksovh ik su mrtk mspormc m gmfkr ik `m ghcim uc aïckrh `otkrmroh¾. [c Hrtkam quk sk bhströ kc hfmsohcks iurh fhc k` vmsfh, m` mskaurmr quk su «kxtrkbm sobp`ofoimi ik kxprksoöc¾ prhvhfm m vkfks dm`tm ik f`mroimi quk ikrovm kc uc «em`eufkh oikh`öaofh y kstïtofh¾.

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm 11  

 Oikms y frkkcfoms Kc  Oikms y frkkcfoms frkkcfoms,, herm pue`ofmim kc =?9:, msostobhs m ucm skcsoeo`oimi sherksm`okctk m` rkspkfth ik` fhcfkpth ik fu`turm. K` fhchfobokcth, m luofoh ik Hrtkam, gm ik rksphcikr sokbprk m fokrtms kxoakcfoms< ks ikfor, `ms emsks fhachsfotovms ikekc kstmr eokc ducimbkctmims. Mikbís, cukstrm voim iosfursovm sk fmrmftkrozm phr `m rk`mfoöc fhc k` htrh, ik mgâ `m obphrtmcfom ik `m fu`turm fhbüc, fhbpmrtoim. @m rkakckrmfoöc quk tmcth pkiâm Hrtkam kc `m shfokimi kspmýh`m ch sk fodrm procfopm`bkctk kc `hs `harhs mfmiïbofhs, soch bís eokc kc uc kstmih akckrm` ik `m shfokimi. Msâ, k` prhe`kbm pmrm k` quk cukstrh muthr eusfm sh`ufoöc ks k` ik` covk` fu`turm`< ch emstm fhc tkckr eukcms ucovkrsoimiks, soch quk `m shfokimi gm ik fhcdomr kc sus prhpoms fmpmfoimiks pmrm klkrfkr sherk sâ bosbm ucm pkrbmckctk frâtofm ik `h gkrkimih. Ik kstk bhih, iostocauk Hrtkam, mprkfomr ik bmckrm obp`âfotm `m obphrtmcfom ik `m voim fu`turm` (m`ah quk thihs phikbhs gmfkr) ks buy iostocth m phskkr ik gkfgh uc k`kcfh ik fhcfkpths fhc `hs quk vm`hrmr ksmducimbkctm` voim fu`turm`.ucm Ym`fhrrkftm ks k` fhbktoih ik `m do`hshdâm kc su vkrtokctk frâtofm. Zhr kshbklhr sk gmfk iostocfoöc kctrk oikms y frkkcfoms. Zmrm Hrtkam, kc `ms rkprkskctmfohcks quk ``kvmbhs m fmeh sherk k` bucih sk ikekc iostocauor `ms quk shc vh`uctmroms (ks ikfor, cukstrms oikms) y uc fhclucth ik supuksths quk ch shc fhccmturm`ks m` ghberk, soch quk sk miquokrkc fhc k` klkrfofoh ik `m prhpom fu`turm, y quk phskkc, kc doc, `m fmrmftkrâstofm ik mrtofu`mr ksms bosbms rkprkskctmfohcks ik` bucih (frkkcfoms). @ms oikms sk msokctmc, msâ, kc uc bucih ik frkkcfoms, quk ducfohcmc fhbh fhciofoöc ik phsoeo`oimi ik mquk``ms. Kc fokrth bhih, `ms frkkcfoms ik` ghy dukrhc oikms mykr. Vo rkfurrobhs m` klkbp`h ik Ahktgk, iorkbhs quk kstk ch pukik skr ik fum`quokr bmckrm, puks ym kstí iospuksth ik fokrtm dhrbm, mpuctm m ucm iktkrbocmim pkrspkftovm quk fhcstm ik iosphsofohcks quk, kc iktkrbocmims forfucstmcfoms, vmc m fhciufor m puctum`ks rkprkskctmfohcks y m mftumr ik ucm bmckrm h ik htrm. Fhc k``h, Hrtkam quokrk ikforchs quk k` ociovoiuh, m doc ik fukctms, cucfm tkrbocm ik fhbp`ktmrsk, sokbprk kstí phr rkm`ozmr. Mucquk, fhbh vobhs, ks phsoe`k trmofohcmr cukstrm vhfmfoöc, skr ocdok`ks m cukstrh prhykfth. Hrtkam mskaurm quk mpk`mr m `ms frkkcfoms suphck m `m vkz mpk`mr m trks íbeoths iostocths< `ms oikms prksupukstms kc ucm iktkrbocmim tksos (m` ikdkcikr ucm hpocoöc)> k` ociovoiuh y su vhfmfoöc h iktkrbocmfoöc, quk `k fhciufkc m ``kvmr m fmeh iktkrbocmims mffohcks>ik` y, docm`bkctk, y, `m ` m shfokimi y su hramcozmfoöc. Msâ,quk Hrtkam pmsm ik uc fukstohcmbokcth prhykfth cmfohcm` (rkakckrmfoöc) m ucm oikm sk rkdokrk m `m rmzöc hffoikctm` kc su fhclucth y ihcik k` prhe`kbm ch kstí tmcth kc kcfhctrmr `m bklhr kxp`ofmfoöc fhbh kc `harmr uc tkloih ik frkkcfoms h príftofms shfom`ks quk

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm 17  

pkrbotmc m` ghberk fhbucofmrsk k ocfhrphrmrsk m su prhpoh bucih. Cukstrh pkcsmihr kstobm quk `k gm thfmih vovor ucm ïphfm ik frosos ik frkkcfoms, soc bochrâms klkbp`mrks, fhc ucm rmzöc ch ducimbkctmim, ch lustodofmim. Bokctrms quk `ms frkkcfoms shc ocfhcsfokctks y roakc kc k` octkrohr (kc k` m`bm, phikbhs ikfor) ik ucm shfokimi h uc puke`h, `ms oikms shc fhcsfokctks, `oerkbkctk k`kaoims. Hrtkam mskaurm quk mikbís ik cukstrm kxostkcfom ociovoium` phskkbhs ucm voim shfom` octkrpkrshcm` ihcik mpmrkfk mctk `hs ikbís cukstrm eoharmdâm, trmiufoim kc mfths, quk hekikfk m ucm sukrtk ik `ky iom`öaofm phr `m quk shbhs m`auokc pmrm htrhs, msâ fhbh pmrm chshtrhs bosbhs, kc `m bkioim kc quk trmtmbhs fhc `h mlkch. @h quk pkrbotk quk `ms frkkcfoms sk iksmrrh``kc fhbh mftotuiks, fhbh mffohcks, ks k` ush< k` kcvh`throh kc k` quk fhcsostk cukstrh fhbphrtmbokcth, ik` quk ch tkckbhs fhcsfokcfom (phr klkbp`h, imr `m bmch m` sm`uimr). K` ush pkrbotk phckr kc príftofm, ik bmckrm orrkd`kxovm, cukstrms frkkcfoms, quk cucfm ikchtmc ucm thbm ik phsofoöc, soch quk gmfkc rkdkrkcfom m uc pksh ockrfom` armemih kc thihs chshtrhs phr k` gkfgh ik pkrtkckfkr m ucm shfokimi, `h quk bukstrm, kxprksm Hrtkam, `m drmao`oimi ik` skr gubmch drkctk m` kcthrch. Voc kbemrah, `m frkkcfom tmbeoïc phskk uc mspkfth phsotovh< chs pkrbotk vovor, octkrprktmr `m rkm`oimi< kstmbhs ocskpmrme`kbkctk ucoihs m cukstrms frkkcfoms.

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm 1?  

 K` tkbm ik cukstrh tokbph tokbph< k` kspochsh msucth ik `m

fu`turm Kc  K` tkbm ik cukstrh cukstrh tokbph. tokbph. Hrtkam sk hfupm ik iovkrshs y vmromihs msucths, mucquk su fhbktoih procfopm` ks k` ik kcfhctrmr `m soacodofmfoöc ik su prkskctk kc `m gosthrom ik` pkcsmbokcth y ik `m fu`turm. _ ks quk ks m trmvïs ik `m gosthrom fhbh `hs skrks gubmchs octkctmbhs fhbprkcikr «`ms vmromfohcks quk sherkvokckc kc k` kspârotu gubmch¾. Kc thim ïphfm, kxp`ofm k` do`öshdh, kxostk ucm «skcsoeo`oimi votm`¾ quk chs gmfk fmkr kc `m fukctm ik quï soacodofmbhs kc k` skch ik `m gosthrom, kc k` iksmrrh``h ik `h gubmch. Ym` skcsoeo`oimi sk trmiufk kc k` fhcfkpth ik akckrmfoöc, quk ikdock fhbh uc fhbprhbosh kctrk `m bmsm y k` ociovoiuh, k` «ahzck sherk k` quk `m gosthrom klkfutm sus bhvobokcths¾. Dok` m su pkcsmbokcth. Hrtkam vuk`vk m iostocauor kctrk «gïrhks¾ y «bmsms¾, ucm ium`oimi quk sk im kc thih prhfksh gostörofh. Zhr ksh, thim akckrmfoöc rkprkskctm ik m`aüc bhih ucm iktkrbocmim mftotui votm` iksik `m quk `m kxostkcfom ks fhcsoikrmim ik ucm dhrbm puctum`, fhyucturm`. M su luofoh, `m akckrmfoöc fhc `m quk fhcvovk Hrtkam ks ucm akckrmfoöc «ikskrthrm¾, kc `m quk k` ghberk ch vovk ik mfukrih fhcsoah bosbh y sus fhcvoffohcks, y shphrtm `h quk `k sherkvokck fhbh pukik, soc bís gkrrmbokctms quk `m rksoacmfoöc. Hrtkam kstí fhcvkcfoih ik quk, m` oaum` quk `m skbo``m ik uc íreh`, `m voim gubmcm fhctokck su prhpom `ky octkrcm< «`hs gkfghs kskcfom`ks ch fmkc iksik dukrm sherk k` sulkth, soch quk sm`kc ik kstk¾. M pksmr ik k``h, cukstrm gosthrom sk gm fhcstotuoih m trmvïs ik `m `ufgm quk kctme`mbhs fhc `h kxtkrch, fhc `h mlkch m` fmbph prhpombkctk gubmch. Zkrh phr ksh, phrquk cukstrm kxostkcfom ks phskkihrm ik ucm `ky octrâcskfm, «ik `h quk ghy sk kbpokzm m pkcsmr ikpkcik `h quk bmýmcm sk vovorí kc `ms p`mzuk`ms¾. Ik mgâ `m obphrtmcfom ik pkcsmr k` prkskctk iksik `m do`hshdâm< phrquk kxostk uc duturh y thim voim sk prhykftm gmfom ï`. Zkcsmr, fhbh fhbkr h ihrbor, fhcstotuyk ucm ducfoöc votm` bís, mucquk `ms bmsms Zkcsmr, ch kctokcimc (h ch quokrmc kctkcikr) kstm mdorbmfoöc. Fmkr kc `m fukctm ik quk k` pkcsmbokcth ks uc ocstrubkcth ik cukstrm voim, uc purh öramch (`h ``mbm Hrtkam), ks k` fhbokczh ik `m akcuocm mftotui do`hsödofm, `m ik mquk` quk bmctokck, fhbh `m `kfguzm ik Bockrvm, «`hs hlhs kc pmsbh¾ y sk mshberm phr thih fumcth sufkik. @m bmsm, m` fhctrmroh, ikskm fhsms soc qukrkr kc vkrimi rkm`ozmr`ms, soc prhphckrsk `m rkm`ozmfoöc ik susquk (mpmrkctks) su bmckrm, pmrtk, k` klkfutm mutïctofh ik kdofmfks mffoöc, mikbís ik ikskmr `ms fhsmsikskhs> skmc ikphr fokrtm `hs ghberk mfths bís quk gmfkc quk `m rkm`oimi sk bhiodoquk m obmakc ik sus kxoakcfoms. M kstm iobkcsoöc

ik `m voim gubmcm `m ikchbocm Hrtkam «trmsfkcikctk¾, fumcih shbhs fmpmfks ik kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm 7:  

imrchs fukctm ik quk phikbhs pmrtofopmr ik m`ah quk ch shbhs chshtrhs bosbhs, quk kstí bís m``í ik `h quk shbhs mquâ y mghrm.

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm 7=  

Mrtk y do`hshdâm< k` pkcsmihr fhbh ckxh kctrk iosfop`ocms «K` ghberk ik fmekzm f`mrm ks k` quk sk `oekrm ik `ms oikms dmctmsbmaörofms y borm ik drkctk m `m voim, y sk gmfk fmrah ik quk thih kc k``ms ks dmctmsbmaörofh, y sk sokctk pkrioih.¾ HUYKAM,  @m rkek`oöc ik `ms bmsms

K` do`öshdh fhbh mrtostm< k` ioí`hah ik Hrtkam fhc Coktzsfgk Coktzsfgk iklmem ksfroth kc Frkpüsfu`h ik `hs âih`hs  âih`hs  (7, «Zmrm `m psofh`haâm ik` mrtostm¾) quk, «pmrm quk gmym mrtk, pmrm quk gmym m`aüc gmfkr y fhctkbp`mr kstïtofhs, rksu`tm ociospkcsme`k ucm fhciofoöc dosoh`öaofm prkvom< `m kberomaukz. @m kberomaukz tokck quk gmekr octkcsodofmih probkrh `m kxfotmeo`oimi ik `m bíquocm kctkrm< mctks ik ksth ch sk im mrtk cocauch¾. Bís mik`mctk kxp`ofmem quk sk rkdokrk m «`m kberomaukz ik `m vh`uctmi, `m kberomaukz ik ucm vh`uctmi sherkfmramim y gkcfgoim. @h kskcfom` ik `m kberomaukz ks k` skctobokcth ik p`kcotui y ik octkcsodofmfoöc ik `ms dukrzms. Ik kstk bhih gmfkbhs pmrtâfopks m `ms fhsms, `ms fhcstrkýobhs m quk thbkc ik chshtrhs, `ms voh`kctmbhs, oikm`ozmr ks k` chberk quk sk im m kstk prhfksh¾. Heskrvmbhs msâ kc Coktzsfgk uc octkrïs fkctrm` phr `m dukrzm frkmihrm ik `ms obíakcks. Fhc k` fhcfkpth ik «vh`uctmi ik phikr¾ (quk skrâm tmbeoïc k` tâtu`h ik ucm herm quk Gkoikaakr cucfm tkrbocö ik ksfroeor, uc prhykfth ocmfmemih) Coktzsfgk m`uiâm m `h quk fhbpktk m` gkfgh bosbh ik kxostor< `m vh`uctmi ik phikr ks k` ü`tobh dmftub dmftub   m` quk chs ks phsoe`k y, phrK``m k``h,ksthih `h quk ksiktkrbocmfoöc gm ik skr pkcsmih iksik `m pkrspkftovm `m vh`uctmi``kamr, ik phikr. `m suprkbm ik` skr, k` cüf`kh ik `h qukikks. Voc kbemrah, fhbh ks smeoih, k` skr kc Coktzsfgk ks heskrvmih fhbh uc ikvkcor quk qukim fmrmftkrozmih kc ü`tobm ocstmcfom phr `m mftovoimi y mffoöc ik uc qukrkr, qukrkr, ik ucm vh`uctmi. M Hrtkam `k ``mbmc kspkfom`bkctk `m mtkcfoöc trks fhcfkpths f`mvk kc `m fhcfkpfoöc coktzsfgkmcm ik` mrtk< `m prhpom vh`uctmi ik phikr, k` ktkrch rkthrch y `m trmcsvm`hrmfoöc ik `hs vm`hrks. Zkcsmr tm` trâmim, kxp`ofm k` bmiro`kýh, chs fhciufk m ucm ucoimi ik skctoih< `ms trks rkbotkc m sâ bosbms fhbh uc thih. @m vh`uctmi ik phikr ikchbocm k` fmríftkr ducimbkctm` ik thih `h quk ks. Fmim kctk, kc `m bkioim kc quk ks kctk, ks tmbeoïc vh`uctmi ik phikr. Voc kbemrah, kc Coktzsfgk ch kcfhctrmbhs ucm ikdocofoöc dolm ik tm` kxprksoöc. Zhr su pmrtk, k` ktkrch rkthrch (m` quk Coktzsfgk sk rkdkrorí fhbh «k` pkcsmbokcth bís pksmih¾) chs sotüm mctk `m

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm 75  

ckfksoimi ik pkcsmr k` tokbph, quk iksik `hs fhbokczhs ik `m do`hshdâm sk gm heskrvmih fhbh tokbph ik `m pkrbmckcfom h fhbh tokbph ik` fmbeoh h ik` ikvkcor. Kc uch ik `hs drmabkcths pöstubhs ik Coktzsfgk `kkbhs< «imr m` ikvkcor `m obprhctm ik` fmríftkr ik` skr. Gk mquâ `m suprkbm vh`uctmi ik phikr¾. Gkoikaakr kxp`ofmrí quk `m ktkrcoimi ik` rkthrch sk rkdokrk m` mghrm, quk sk prhykftm m sâ bosbh ’y ch kc tmcth quk uc mghrm quk sk sufkik gmstm k` ocdocoth’. Chs kcfhctrmbhs mctk `m kskcfom hfu`tm(k` ik`tokbph tokbph, quksufkioïcihsk ks pkcsmim iksik `m fhctrmphsofoöc ik` tokbph `ockm` fhbh m` ocdocoth) y k` tokbph furvh, k` ik` skfukcfom` rkthrch, qukh gmfk quk k` pmsmih y k` duturh sk mftum`ofkc kc k` mghrm, kc k` ocstmctk, kc k` ktkrch rkthrch ik `m oikctoimi. Ks msâ quk `m oikm ik` ktkrch rkthrch prhiufk «mcaustom¾, «cíuskms¾, phrquk ks pkcsmr k` skr iksik k` ghrozhctk ik `m tkbphrm`oimi, `h quk prhiuforí, mcimcih k` tokbph, fokrtms phsturms kxostkcfom`ostms. Msâ, sk pokcsm k` tokbph fhbh uc mghrm quk sk prhykftm sherk sâ bosbh, dukrm ik `m `ockm`oimi quk tokcik m uc duturh, fhc `h quk k` tokbph qukim fhcfo`omih kc k` mghrm, y qukim sotumih kc `m pkrspkftovm ik `m frkmtovoimi, ihcik pmsmih y duturh sk mftum`ozmc< uc prkskctk kc k` quk thih kstí phr frkmr. Kc fhctrmstk fhc `ms fhcfkpfohcks ik Z`mtöc y Mrostötk`ks (k` skr fhbh husâm husâm,, fhbh sustmcfom), iksik Coktzsfgk k` skr sk pokcsm sherk k` fhcfkpth bövo` quk ks `m vh`uctmi ik phikr. Kc Hrtkam, sherk k` fhcfkpth ik voim, fhbh ym fhbprhembhs. Kc  @m iksgubmcozmfoöc ik` mrtk, mrtk, prktkcik prkfosmbkctk Hrtkam ``kvmr m fmeh ucm shfoh`haâm ik` mrtk, buy kc fhcshcmcfom fhc `hs ioftmihs coktzsfgkmchs. Kc hpocoöc ik` pkcsmihr kspmýh`, k` «mrtk cukvh¾, fhctkbphríckh, ch austm m `m bmsm, ks mctophpu`mr. Fum`quokr herm ik mrtk cukvm, kxp`ofm, iovoik m` püe`ofh kc ihs skfthrks< «ucm, bâcobm dhrbmim phr rkiufoih cübkrh ik pkrshcms quk `k shc dmvhrme`ks> htrm, bmyhrotmrom, occubkrme`k, quk `k ks ghsto`¾. _ ks quk thim herm ik mrtk susfotm ausths ik thih toph, pkrh `h quk bmcodokstm k` mrtk ik procfopohs ik` soa`h WW, m hlhs ik Hrtkam, ks tm` iostocfoöc kctrk mquk``hs quk `m kctokcikc y mquk``hs quk ch. «K` mrtk cukvh, phr `h vosth, ch ks pmrm thih k` bucih, soch quk vm iksik `ukah ioroaoih m ucm bochrâm kspkfom`bkctk ihtmim. Ik mquâ `m orrotmfoöc quk ikspokrtm kc `m bmsm¾. Ks phr ksh quk, m` oaum` quk Coktzsfgk, kc Hrtkam, drkctk m` bhih trmiofohcm` ik ducimbkctmfoöc ik `hs vm`hrks, sk eusfm uc akcuoch bhih quk iï rmzöc ik ucm cukvm ocstmcfom iksik `m quk pkcsmr `hs prhpohs vm`hrks, tmbeoïc `hs mrtâstofhs< msâ, `h obphrtmctk ks smekr fuí` ks k` vm`hr quk fhbprhbktk m thih skr (eüsqukim ik ucm cukvm mxoh`haâm, uc chvkihsh kstme`kfobokcth ik `m lkrmrquâm ik `hs vm`hrks). Drkctk m `m pkrspkftovm trmiofohcm` ik` ikekr, kc `m pkrspkftovm ik `m vh`uctmi ik phikr coktzsfgkmcm `hs vm`hrks shc `m fhcskfukcfom ik` skr, ik `m kxostkcfom< `m voim ks `m ücofm dukctk ik `ms lkrmrquâms, y ch gmy muthroimi quk pukim kstme`kfkr`m prkvombkctk. Ks k` skr k` quk lkrmrquozm `hs vm`hrks< `m muthroimi kbmcm ik `m prhpom voim. Zhr ksh

ch gmy `uamr pmrm iohsks h `kaos`mihrks quk ioftkc skctkcfom sherk `m obphrtmcfom ik kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm 76  

uc vm`hr u htrh. [cm fhcfkpfoöc buy sobo`mr m `m quk Hrtkam bmctkcirâm m` rkspkfth ik `m kxostkcfom gubmcm, quk sokbprk sk im fhbh prhykfth, fhbh phr-gmfkr y cucfm iktkrbocmim pmrm sokbprk. K` ush ik `m `oekrtmi, msâ, tmcth pmrm k` m`kbíc fhbh pmrm k` do`öshdh kspmýh`, miquokrk kc `m voim ucm obphrtmcfom fmpotm`. Buy kc fhcshcmcfom fhc `h ksfroth kc  @m rkek`oöc rkek`oöc ik `ms bmsms  bmsms  ik =?5?, Hrtkam suaokrk quk thih mtmvosbh y mtrmsh fu`turm` vkcirí m sh`ufohcmrsk m trmvïs ik `m ksfosoöc kctrk bmsm y bochrâm. M luofoh ik` do`öshdh bmiro`kýh, `m akctk ch bhiodofm su iosphsofoöc mcâbofm fumcih sk kcdrkctm m `m fhctkbp`mfoöc kstïtofm< «ks cmturm`, ch fhchfk htrm mftotui mctk `hs helkths quk `m príftofm, `m quk chs ``kvm m mpmsohcmrchs y m octkrvkcor skctobkctm`bkctk kc k``hs. [cm herm quk ch `k ocvotk m kstm octkrvkcfoöc `k iklm soc pmpk`¾, ksfroeâm Hrtkam. Coktzsfgk, m` oaum` quk Hrtkam kc su rkd`kxoöc sherk k` mrtk, ch eusfm kstme`kfkr kxprksohcks dhrbm`ks co lkrmrquâms, soch k` procfopoh quk ``kvm m phikr pkcsmr föbh sk imc `ms cukvms lkrmrquâms< ik mgâ `m dukrtk frâtofm m `ms ocstotufohcks quk akckrmc vm`hrks, fhbh `m rk`oaoöc, k` Kstmih, h `m «bhrm` kstme`kfoim¾, ik tm` bhih quk k` bhvobokcth coktzsfgkmch quk tmcth ocd`uyö Hrtkamyaorm kc thrch m ihs ik tmrkms ducimbkctm`ks< eusfmr k` ducimbkcth ik `m kc lkrmrquâm klkrfkr ucm frâtofm `ms ocstotufohcks akckrmihrms ik vm`hrks. K` cogo`osbh sk fhrrksphcikrâm fhc k` rkfhchfobokcth ik `m mffoöc ik` tokbph m `h `mrah ik `m gosthrom< mquk` prhfksh ocgkrkctk m` prhpoh bhih kc quk `m prhpom gosthrom trmcsfurrk. Ks ucm cmiodofmfoöc cmiodofmfoöc,, uc prhfksh quk fhciufk m `m pïrioim ik fhctkcoihs y ik fhbprhbosh, ik `m vortui obpkrmtovm. K` fhbktoih ü`tobh ks k` fukstohcmbokcth ik `m dolkzm ik` kstmtuth ik `hs vm`hrks, rkfhchfobokcth ik quk k` skr gubmch ks tokbph< uc bhih ducimbkctm` ik` bhvobokcth ik `m gosthrom quk sh`ofotm y dmvhrkfk uc obpu`sh frkmihr. Zkrh ch fhcducimbhs< Coktzsfgk ch gme`m ik mcoquo`mfoöc, soch ik rkikdocofoöc, oaum` quk Hrtkam sk rkdokrk m `m rkakckrmfoöc, ch m `m ikstruffoöc> k` cogo`osbh ch ks uc prhfksh bkrmbkctk ckamtovh, soch tmbeoïc phsotovh. Vk rkdokrk m` mfhctkfobokcth gostörofh phr k` quk sk ``kvmc m frâtofm `hs vm`hrks suprkbhs. Oaum`bkctk, mucquk ik bhih iostocth (puks Hrtkam fukstohcm `m tkhrâm ik` ktkrch rkthrch, y frkk kc `m `ockm`oimi gostörofm), pmrm k` pkcsmihr bmiro`kýh ikekbhs fukstohcmr thih kstme`kfobokcth quk sk chs im emlh ucm fmpm ik bhrm`oimi ikdocotovm h ocmbhvoe`k. Zmrm Hrtkam, `m rkm`oimi, kc ikdocotovm, sk kcfukctrm shbktoim m` prhfksh gostörofh, ikfoioih kc thih bhbkcth phr fmim akckrmfoöc iktkrbocmim ik ociovoiuhs. o ciovoiuhs. Zhr su pmrtk, `m mrfgofhchfoim skctkcfom ik «Iohs gm bukrth¾ prkfhcozm k` troucdh ik` prhpoh cogo`osbh, ym quk Iohs sk sotumem fhbh emsk m `m quk rkbotâm thih vm`hr, quk m hlhs ik Coktzsfgk gm qukimih iksamstmim> `hs vm`hrks quk ik ï` kbmcmemc gmc qukimih ikeo`otmihs («gkbhs pkrioih cukstrh sh`¾, kc kxprksoöc ik` do`öshdh). Drkctk m kstm vosoöc ik iksmpmrofoöc ik` ducimbkcth, Coktzsfgk gme`m ik` kspârotu fhc k` quk

kcdrkctmrchs m tm` iksmpmrofoöc< mdrhctmr`m h ch mdrhctmr`m ks uc roksah, pkrh kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm 79  

ock`uioe`k, ik` quk k` pkcsmbokcth ch pukik ksfmpmr. K` m`kbíc iom`ham kc kstk pucth fhc `m bktmdâsofm hffoikctm` (sherk thih fhc fokrtm trmiofoöc p`mtöcofh-maustocomcm), y p`mctkm ucm «cukvm do`hshdâm¾. Drkctk m `m prohroimi ik` skr ik Coktzsfgk, mquk``hs do`öshdhs mctoauhs qukrâmc kstme`kfkr uc ikekr mctkrohr m` prhpoh skr. Voc kbemrah, k` cogo`osbh gm fmrfhboih `ms voklms kstrufturms ik` ikekr y ks ckfksmroh pmrtor ik` skr gmfom uc cukvh ikekr skr quk tkcam `m voim fhbh pmtröc. K` ducimbkcth, ucm vkz quk Iohs gm bukrth, gm ik sotumrsk k` skr, puks k` ikekr mfmem phrsotumrsk bmrfgotmrsk. Coktzsfgk ch rkovociofm uc «tkckrkcquk skr bm`vmih¾, k` bm`, soch kc `m pkrspkftovm ik `m trmcsvm`hrmfoöc, kc `m ocvkrsoöc ik `hs vm`hrks, eusfmcih dörbu`ms bhstrmtovms ik `m prhpom kxostkcfom, y ch bkrmbkctk ikbhstrmtovms h ikiuftovms, ucm tksos quk ocd`uyö armcikbkctk kc k` probkr Hrtkam. «Mrtk¾, pmrm Coktzsfgk, ch ks co `m büsofm ik Qmackr co `ms trmakioms arokams, soch mquk` dhcih fhbüc m` quk ksms herms m`uikc, k` ducimbkcth sherk k` quk sk msokctm `m phsoeo`oimi ik `m ocstmurmfoöc ik fokrths vm`hrks. Fhbh tmbeoïc pkcsmrí Hrtkam, k` mrtk ks ucm fhcstmctk dukctk kbmcmihrm kbmcmihrm   ik vm`hrks. Drkctk m phsofohcks fhbh `m ik Vfghpkcgmukr, quk tokcik m vkr kc k` mrtk uc mquoktmihr ik `m vh`uctmi ik vovor (sokbprk ocföbhim, sokbprk vovm), Coktzsfgk y Hrtkam kstobmc quk k` mrtk ks `h kstobu`mctk, `h quk kxfotm k octkcsodofm `m voim, gmstm k` pucth ik qukrkr gmfkr`m pkrbmckfkr. @m voim y k` mrtk shc kstrufturms ik `m vh`uctmi ik phikr> bís müc, Coktzsfgk fh`hfmrí `m Kstïtofm kc `m emsk ik thims `ms iosfop`ocms do`hsödofms. @m vh`uctmi ik phikr ch ks ucm `ky h ucm sustmcfom mesh`utm, soch quk qukim kxprksmim kc cukstrm voim fhbh dukrzm, fhbh tkcsohcm`oimi tkcsohcm`oimi ks prhfksh ikstruftovh frkmtovh. ch gmy @m vh`uctmi ik phikr ch suphck ’fhbh suk`k pkcsmrsk’ ucm sobp`k kxm`tmfoöc ik` sâ bosbh, soch uc skr iukýh ik sâ, kstmr kc phsksoöc ik sâ bosbh, ks ikfor, ucm dhrbm ik rkmdorbmrsk kc k` kctk. Kc Coktzsfgk ch kcfhctrmbhs ’fhbh sâ kc Imrwoc  ’, `m pkrbmckcfom ik` bís dukrtk kc vortui ik uc ocstocth ik fhcskrvmfoöc, fhcskrvmfoöc, soch ucm tkcikcfom quk sh`h quokrk skr fhbh ik gkfgh sk ks, quk m `m vkz sk fhcstotuyk fhbh uc phikr ik trmcsdhrbmfoöc. Hrtkam kxprksmrí kstk pkcsmbokcth coktzsfgkmch kc  @m rkek`oöc ik `ms bmsms< bmsms< «Ks dm`sh ikfor quk kc `m voim ikfoikc `ms forfucstmcfoms. M` fhctrmroh, `ms forfucstmcfoms shc k` io`kbm, sokbprk cukvh, mctk k` fum` tkckbhs quk ikfoiorchs. Zkrh k` quk ikfoik ks cukstrh fmríftkr¾. Gkoikaakr kcubkrm focfh prhphsofohcks rk`mtovms m` mrtk kc k` pkcsmbokcth ik

Coktzsfgk, quk rksubobhs ik kstm bmckrm< =) k` mrtk ks `m kstrufturm bís trmcspmrkctk kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm 7;  

y fhchfoim ik `m vh`uctmi ik phikr> 5) k` mrtk gm ik skr fhbprkcioih iksik k` pucth ik vostm ik` mrtostm (iksik uc «phikr prhiufor¾)> 6) k` mrtk, skaüc k` fhcfkpth ik` mrtostm, ks k` mfhctkfobokcth ducimbkctm` ik` kctk> 9) k` mrtk fhcstotuyk, msâ, k` bhvobokcth fhctrmroh m` cogo`osbh (pukstm kc frosos ik `ms ocstotufohcks trmiofohcm`ks ik `ms quk kbmcmc `hs vm`hrks)> y, docm`bkctk, ;) k` mrtk vm`k bís quk `m vkrimi, ksth ks, `m frkmtovoimi vm`k bís quk `m fhcfkpfoöc p`mtöcofm (trmcsfkcikctk) ik `m vkrimi (bukrtk ik Iohs, trmcsvm`hrmfoöc ik thihs `hs vm`hrks). kstm bmckrm, sk prktkcik gmfkr prkskctk mquk``h quk `m vh`uctmi ik phikr ks kc su trmsdhcih. tIk rmsdhcih. ¸]uï soacodofm, kcthcfks, «skr mrtostm¾8 [c phikr prhiufor, uc phckr m`ah quk mctks ch krm kc k` skr. Bkiomctk tm` mffoöc, `m vh`uctmi ik phikr sk chs bmcodokstm, y k` fhbphrtmbokcth ik` mrtostm sk bukstrm docm`bkctk kc su trmsdhcih fhbh vh`uctmi ik phikr< sk trmcspmrkctm k` prhfksh ik trmcsdhrbmfoöc gmfom k` skr. Zhr kstm rmzöc, Coktzsfgk ikchbocmrí `m voim fhbh «`m dhrbm bís fhchfoim pmrm chshtrhs ik` skr¾< mrtk y voim shc kstrufturms ik `m vh`uctmi ik phikr, phrquk tmcth k` mrtostm fhbh `m voim frkmc y ikstruykc m `m vkz. Msâ, k` mrtk ch ks `m sobp`k prhiuffoöc ik `hs mrtostms, soch `m dukctk iksik `m quk `hs mrtostms frkmc sus prhiuffohcks (k` mrtk fhbh phikr frkmtovh). Kc rksubkc, rkovociofmr k` mrtk ks k` prhfksh fhctrmroh m` p`mthcosbh> pmrm Z`mtöc k` mrtk chs m`klmem ik `m vkrimi, bokctrms quk kc Coktzsfgk chs fhciufk m `m trmcsvm`hrmfoöc, `m rkm`oimi qukim m trmvïs ik k``m rkikdocoim kc htrhs tïrbochs. @`kambhs, puks, m `m kerokimi, m `m kberomaukz fhbh uc kstmih kstïtofh, quk suphck m su vkz k` fhctrmbhvobokcth fhctrmbhvobokcth  ik` cogo`osbh. Kstm fhcfkpfoöc ik` mrtk chs fhciufk m `m heskrvmfoöc ik quk, kc Coktzsfgk, `m kstïtofm ch ks bís quk ucm dosoh`haâm mp`ofmim< ucm kxp`hrmfoöc ik `hs kstmihs y bhtovhs ik` skr gubmch. Vu mutïctofh skctoih sk sotüm kc ucm dosoh`haâm ik `m frkmtovoimi, fuym fhciofoöc prkvom ks `m kerokimi, quk gm ik skr kctkcioim fhbh ucm p`kcotui k octkcsodofmfoöc ik `ms prhpoms dukrzms< `m ociodkrkcfom ch frkm> `m mpmtâm akckrm ocmftovoimi. K` fukrph ks uc fukrph quk sk sokctk, quk sk vovk< k` mrtk ks skctoih iksik ucm dosoh`haâm, iksik uc fukrph (pmrm quk gmym mrtk h kxostm fhctkbp`mfoöc mrtâstofm ks ociospkcsme`k kstm kberomaukz). Heskrvmbhs kc kstm tkcsoöc ik `m kerokimi `h rkvk`mih kc k` fhcd`ofth ik `h mph`âckh y `h iohcosâmfh< ucm tkcsoöc, puks, kctrk `m pkrbmckcfom y `m iosh`ufoöc. Vkr mrtostm sh`h sk fhcsoauk bkiomctk uc fhctocuh kstmih ik kberomaukz, quk fhcstotuyk `m thcm`oimi mdkftovm ik` prhpoh mrtk, y tm` kxpkrokcfom gmerí ik skr vovoim iksik k` fukrph. Msâ, k` sulkth-mrtostm ch smcfohcm `m rkm`oimi, soch quk `m trmcsdoaurm< frkm voim. K` mrtk y `m voim, iksik `m vh`uctmi ik phikr, qukimc fhcvkr fhcvkrtoihs toihs kc `ms ücofms dukctks ik thim lkrmrquozmfoöc ik vm`hrks. K` mrtostm ihe`kam k` fmhs y gmfk mpmrkfkr ucm fhcdoaurmfoöc cukvm quk ikvhrm m` cogo`osbh. Kc kstk skctoih, iksik `m pkrspkftovm ik `m vh`uctmi ik phikr sk imc ihs chfohcks ik mrtk (quk kc mesh`uth shc fhctrmiofthroms

kc k` ksqukbm coktzsfgkmch, soch fhbpmtoe`ks so shc fhctkbp`mims iksik `m kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm 74  

pkrspkftovm ik `m voim fhbh bmcodkstmfoöc ik `m vh`uctmi ik phikr)< k` mrtk fhbh helkth ik `m dosoh`haâm, ik uc fukrph vovokctk, y fhbh ucm dukctk ocstmurmihrm ik vm`hrks. K` ghberk-mrtostm coktzsfgkmch sk oikctodofm, kc ü`tobm ocstmcfom, fhc k` ghberk karkaoh ik `m bochrâm phr k` quk tmcth `ufgm Hrtkam kc su tokbph, kc hphsofoöc m` ghberk-bmsm, quk fmrkfk ik prhykfths y «vm m `m ikrovm¾. K` mrtk, msâ, prhphrfohcm m uofoh ik Hrtkam (emlh k` ocd`ulh ik Coktzsfgk) uc bhik`h m` quk k` skr gubmch gm ik mfhp`mrsk pmrm iksmrrh``mr thims sus phsoeo`oimiks votm`ks. K` ghberk quk ikfoik sm`or ik` rkemýh quk fhbphck `m bmsm y ikskm iostocauorsk ks mquk` quk, fhbh k` mrtostm fhc su herm, sk gmfk fmpmz ik trmcsotmr bís m``í ik` ksdukrzh kstroftmbkctk obpuksth «fhbh rkmffoöc m ucm ckfksoimi kxtkrcm¾ ’ksfroek Hrtkam’, y `harm gmfkr ik sâ uc prhykfth quk iksmrrh``m sus phsoeo`oimiks votm`ks soc kcfhctrmrsk sulkth m ihabms, vmchs obpkrmtovhs h bhloamtkrâms vmroms. Kc ikdocotovm, pmrm Hrtkam `ms herms ik mrtk ikekc octrhiuforchs kc uc tkrrkch ksporotum` buy iostocth ik` quk phckbhs kc ducfohcmbokcth kc `m voim fhbüc, puks «tkckbhs quk obprhvosmr htrm dhrbm ik trmth phr fhbp`kth iostocth ik` usum` vovor `ms fhsms> gkbhs ik frkmr k ocvkctmr mfths ocïioths quk skmc mikfumihs m mquk``ms doaurms ocsö`otms¾.

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm 71  

Gkríf`oth y `m kxpkrokcfom kstïtofm

Lhsï Hrtkam y Amsskt duk uc ocdmtoame`k `kfthr, ksfrothr y kruioth, fuyh fhchfobokcth kc Kurhpm gozh ik rkï` uch ik `hs do`öshdhs bís obphrtmctks ik `m gosthrom ik `m do`hshdâm kspmýh`m.

Fhbh gkbhs phioih vkr, `m ocd`ukcfom ik Coktzsfgk kc Hrtkam ks pm`pme`k, gmstm k` pucth ik quk pmrm kstk k` pmpk` ik` mrtk fhcsostk kc phckr kc kvoikcfom k` fmríftkr klkfutovh ik `m fhcfokcfom. Ks ikfor, y m trmvïs ik uc klkbp`h< ch sokbprk ks `h bosbh rksphcikr m `m prkauctm «¸]uï ghrm ks8¾ fhc `m mdorbmfoöc «Vhc `ms cukvk y bkiom¾, puksth quk, mucquk tm` kxprksoöc ch phskk uc vm`hr kstïtofh, su vm`hr sâ skrí iostocth ikpkciokcih ik `m trmbm kc `m quk uch sk kcfukctrk. Zhr ksh, so `m kxprksoöc «Vhc `ms cukvk y bkiom¾ ks prhdkroim phr uc mfthr quk `m ikf`mbm ``kch ik kbhfoöc, sâ kxostorâm ucm prkskcfom kstïtofm, fhcsostkctk kc `m fmpmfoimi ik octrhiuforchs kc `m kxpkrokcfom ik` htrh y ik oikctodofmr `hs rmsahs quk gmfkc quk tm` kxprksoöc, msâ iofgm, fhctuvokrm uc vm`hr kstïtofh.

K` vm`hr ik` mrtk, phr tmcth, ch sk kcfukctrm pmrm Hrtkam kc k` prhpoh fhctkcoih ik ucm herm kc pmrtofu`mr, soch kc `m dhrbm kc quk tm` fhctkcoih sk bukstrm. Buy kc `m `âckm ik` votm`osbh ik Coktzsfgk y Gkríf`oth, `h ducimbkctm` pmrm k` pkcsmihr bmiro`kýh ks k` föbh ik `m kxostkcfom, kc `m quk sokbprk chs vkbhs ocstmihs m thbmr ikfosohcks. @m prkauctm quk sk gmfk Hrtkam, m rmâz ik `m kxpkrokcfom kstïtofm, ks `m ik so thih ks dolh h fmbeomctk, uc ikemtk f`ísofh kc `m gosthrom ik `m Do`hshdâm. M` fhctrmroh quk Zmrbïcoiks, quk pkcsmem quk k` Vkr ks uch k ociovosoe`k, Gkríf`oth phck su mtkcfoöc sherk k` fmríftkr mshberhsh ik `m rkm`oimi kc `h quk m su iovkrsoimi sk rkdokrk. K` d`uor fhctocuh ik thih `h fhcfrkth y k` fmbeoh fhcstmctk shc fhciofohcks ducimbkctm`ks ik `m kxpkrokcfom skcsoe`k gubmcm. Mghrm eokc, kstm mpmrkctk iosfhrimcfom quk sk im mctk chshtrhs ocfmcsme`kbkctk, kstk fhctrmstk quk chs fmusm iksmzöc, trmk m `m vkz uc procfopoh ik fhcfhrimcfom y ucoimi kctrk thih `h kxostkctk. Fhbh Gkríf`oth mskaurm kc uch ik sus drmabkcths, «`hs ghberks oachrmc quk `h iovkrakctk kstí ik mfukrih fhcsoah bosbh. Ks ucm mrbhcâm ik tkcsohcks hpukstms, fhbh `m ik` mrfh y `m `orm¾. Bokctrms, Zmrbïcoiks chskcthpmbhs fhc ucik` ``mbmtovh gmfom `m chfoöc ik ikvkcor ikvkcor. . Kc k` kc bosbh bhbkcth quk k` skctoih Vkr sm`krkpmrh m `m `uz, mpmrkfk m `m vkz `m ckfksoimi, `m Tkrimi. Yhih mquk` quk prkstk sus hâihs akckrhsmbkctk m `m Tkrimi,

smerí ik bhih ocbkiomth quk k` Vkr ks y quk mikbís sk gmfk obphsoe`k quk ch skm. Vo kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm 77  

chs mtrkvkbhs m ikfor ik` Vkr quk ch ks, sk mdorbm m `m vkz fhc k``h quk k` Vkr ks Ch-Vkr pkrh k` mutïctofh y akcuoch bhih ik gmfkr quk `ms iovkrakcfoms y `ms fhctrmioffohcks sm`amc m `m `uz kc thih su ksp`kcihr ks `m do`hshdâm. Vk gm ik do`hshdmr ch pmrm prmftofmr uc k`otosbh mesurih, ucm kruiofoöc vmfâm ik fhctkcoih, soch pmrm pkcsmr quï ikekbhs gmfkr kc fmim bhbkcth ik cukstrm voim iksbmctk`mcih `m frkkcfom ik quk k` ikstoch chs fhciufk soc quk kxostm fmpmfoimi ik ikfosoöc phr cukstrm pmrtk. Kc ikdocotovm, `m do`hshdâm ik Hrtkam chs mehfm m` meosbh ik `m kxostkcfom, m `m ocfkrtoiuberk ik` duturh, quk sh`h pukik (y ikek) skr mdrhctmih kc cukstrm prhpom

forfucstmcfom. Ch gkbhs ik fmkr kc `m trmbpm ik` «skýhroth smtosdkfgh¾, dörbu`m quk kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm ?:  

Hrtkam kbp`km kc  @m rkek`oöc rkek`oöc ik `ms bmsms  bmsms , ik` ghberk vu`amr quk sk kctrkam m` bís iksfmrcmih dmtm`osbh. Ikekbhs mdorbmrchs tm` fum` shbhs, kc cukstrm fhciofoöc ik skrks cmudrmamihs, thpícihchs kctkrmbkctk fhc `m prhe`kbmtofoimi octrâcskfm ik `m rkm`oimi. Zuks cucfm ikfoikc cukstrms forfucstmcfoms, soch quk, fhbh kxp`ofm Hrtkam, shc kstms k` io`kbm mctk k` fum` ikekbhs ikfoiorchs.

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm ?=  

MZÏCIOFKV

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm ?5  

Herms procfopm`ks  @m rkek`oöc rkek`oöc ik `ms bmsms (=?5?) Voc iuim, kstm ks `m herm bís fhchfoim y trmiufoim ik Hrtkam, kc `m quk sk phck ik bmcodoksth su pkcsmbokcth ph`âtofh y su prhykfth ik rkakckrmfoöc shfom` y ph`âtofm m trmvïs ik` shbktobokcth vh`uctmroh ik `m bmsm m `ms bochrâms sk`kftms. [c f`ísofh ik` soa`h WW  quk gm ocd`uoih m cubkrhshs pkcsmihrks, y quk sk hfupm ik `ms vofosotuiks bís mfufomctks ik `m Kspmým ik procfopohs ik soa`h. Kc kstm herm, Hrtkam ikcucfom k` ducksth ocd`ulh ik` ghberk-bmsm kc `m rkm`oimi, quk gm shbktoih k` bucih m uc ksfmcim`hsh mfhbhimbokcth mfhbhimbokcth ik `ms ` ms fhsms m su bkiohfrk vh`uctmi.

 K` tkbm ik cukstrh cukstrh tokbph (=?56) Kstk `oerh rkprkskctm uch ik `hs pucths ckurí`aofhs ik `ms prkhfupmfohcks hrtkauomcms, y kc ï` k` do`öshdh sk mprhxobm m `m bktmdâsofm quk vkrtkermrí su sostkbm do`hsödofh, `m bktmdâsofm ik `m rmzöc votm` h rmfohvotm`osbh. [c fhcfkpth m trmvïs ik` quk prktkcik rkkstrufturmr k` ikstoch ik `m do`hshdâm ch sh`h kspmýh`m, soch tmbeoïc kurhpkm. Hrtkam mücm kc kstm herm rmzöc y voim, ik bmckrm quk cocaucm ik mbems ocstmcfoms qukik kf`opsmim phr `m htrm. Kc kstk prhpösoth sk gm ik fkctrmr `m cukvm do`hshdâm kspmýh`m, obprkacmim ik `m skcsoeo`oimi rmfohvotm`ostm.

 Kspmým ocvkrtkermim (=?55) Vokbprk prkhfupmih phr `m forfucstmcfom kspmýh`m y `m forfucstmcfom gostörofm ik su pmâs, Hrtkam prmftofm kc kstm herm ucm ioskffoöc gostörofm y shfoh`öaofm quk prktkcik mcm`ozmr k` iksbkbermbokcth quk `m cmfoöc gm sudroih m trmvïs ik `hs iovkrshs cmfohcm`osbhs. Kspmým ks, puks, uc prhe`kbm ik probkrm `âckm ik` quk `m do`hshdâm gm ik prkhfupmrsk. Mikbís, p`mctkm ucm cukvm mctrhph`haâm phr `m quk k` ghberk ch pukik vovor mcf`mih m` pmsmih, soch sokbprk bormcih gmfom ik`mctk< `m kxostkcfom gm ik ``kvmrsk m kdkfth m trmvïs ik ucm fhcvovkcfom fhbüc quk trmtk ik bormr m` duturh ik ucm forfucstmcfom fhbpmrtoim, fhbüc, kc `m quk `hs kspmýh`ks fhbprkcimc su mutïctofh fhbktoih supkrmcih fum`quokr toph ik pmrtofu`mrosbh.

 Bkiotmfohcks ik` ]uolhtk (=?=9) Hrtkam dukocbhrtm`, uc armc pmrm kstuiohsh ik `m`mherm fuberk ik Fkrvmctks, y uto`ozm m` ]uolhtk, pkrshcmlk ikcucfomr pkchsm sotumfoöc ik `m do`hshdâm kspmýh`m. Kstm herm suphck k` pucth ik pmrtoim ik` pkcsmbokcth ik` pkcsmihr bmiro`kýh, y kc k``m

rkovociofm k` pmpk` ik` gïrhk tríaofh, m quokc ch `k bmcklm k` ikstoch< ch kxostk `m kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm ?6  

dmtm`oimi. @m mutïctofm trmakiom ks `m vh`uctmi ik qukrkr skr chshtrhs bosbhs< shbhs `h quk chs pmsm, `h quk gmfkbhs fhc cukstrm forfucstmcfom y cukstrms phsoeo`oimiks phsoeo`oimiks..

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm ?9  

FUHCH@HAÂM Toim oim y herm herm ik Hrtk Hrtkam am y Amss Amsskt kt

Gost Gosthr hrom om,, pkcs pkcsmb mbok okct cthh y fu`t fu`tur urmm

=776. K` ? ik bmyh cmfk kc `m fouimi =776. ik Bmiroi Lhsï Hrtkam y Amsskt, kc `m fm``k ik M`dhcsh WOO, c.¼9. Zmirks< Lhsï Hrtkam Buco``m, iorkfthr ik  K` Obpmrfom`,, y Ih`hrks Amsskt, golm ik Kiumrih fom` Amsskt. Hrtkam ks emutozmih kc `m mctoaum Ukm` Emsâ`ofm ik Mthfgm.

=776-=77;. Coktzsfgk ksfroek  Msâ gme`ö =776-=77;. \mrmtustrm.. \mrmtustrm

=77;.. Bukrtk ik M`dhcsh WOO. =77; =774. @m dmbo`om sk buim m `m fm``k ik =774. Vmctm Ykrksm c.¼ 7. =771-=777 =771-=777. K` Ksfhrom`.. Zrobkrhs mýhs ik kstuioh kc =7?:. @m dmbo`om miquokrk ucm fmsm kc =7?:. `m fm``k Bhro`ks c.º ; ik Förihem, ihcik pmsmc `hs ocvokrchs, bokctrms quk kc vkrmch sk trms`mimc m Bmiroi phr ckfksoimiks `mehrm`ks. =7?=. Hrtkam ocarksm kc k` fh`kaoh ik =7?=. Lksuotms ik Vmc Kstmcos`mh ik Bormihrks ik` Zm`h ik Bí`mam, ihcik uch ik `hs ihfkctks iksfuerk prhcth `m prkfhfoimi ik` iosfâpu`h, ikiofícih`k thim su mtkcfoöc. =7?6. @m dmbo`om sk trms`mim m `m fm``k =7?6. Ahym, c.º 4, kc Bmiroi. =7?1. Hrtkam rkfoek k` tâtu`h ik emfgo=7?1. ``kr, kxpkioih kxpkioih k` 54 ik hftuerk kc k` Ocstotuth ik Bí`mam fhc `m fm`odofmfoöc ik sherksm`okctk. Fhbokczm msâ `hs kstuiohs ucovkrsotmrohs Octkrcmih ik Kstuiohs Vupkrohrkskcikk`Ikusth. Fhbpmaocm k` kstuioh ik Do`hshdâm y @ktrms y Ikrk-

=7?=. Hsfmr Qo`ik pue`ofm  K` rktrmth =7?=. rktrmth ik ihromc Army. Army.

fgh. kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm ?;  

=7?7. Vk kxmbocm ik doc ik fursh kc Vm=7?7. `mbmcfm, hetkcokcih `ms fm`odofmfohcks ik chtme`k kc @otkrmturm [covkrsm` y ik Kspmým y sherksm`okctk kc Bktmdâsofm, Gosthrom frâtofm ik Kspmým y @kcaum Arokam. [ch ik sus kxmbocmihrks ks Boauk` ik [cmbuch, fhc quokc bmctkcirí iksik kcthcfks ucm rk`mfoöc ik` thih pkfu`omr.

=7?7. Aukrrm gospmch-kstmihucoikcsk. =7?7. gospmch-kstmihucoikcsk. Iksmstrk ik` ?7.

=?::. Voabuci Drkui ksfroek  @m octkr=?::.  prktmfoöc rktmfoöc ik `hs sukýhs sukýhs.. =?:=. Umböc y Fmlm` ikbukstrm `m kst=?:=. rufturm ik` tkloih ckrvohsh y kxp`ofm `m «ihftrocm ik `m ckurhcm¾. =?:5.. Yrms memcihcmr `hs kstuiohs ik =?:5 Ikrkfgh, sk `ofkcfom kcFkctrm` Do`hshdâm @ktrms kc `m [covkrsoimi ik yBmiroi k` =5 ik lucoh ik =?:5, fhc `m fm`odofmfoöc ik sherksm`okctk. =?:9. Fhbokczm su chvomzah fhc `m quk =?:9. skrí su duturm bulkr, Uhsm Vphtthrch y Yhpktk. Mpmrkfk kc  K` Obpmrfom`  Obpmrfom` su probkr mrtâfu`h dorbmih< «K` phktm ik` bostkroh¾. K` =; ik iofokberk m`fmczm k` armih ik ihfthr fhc su tksos<  @hs tkrrhtkrrhrks ik` mýh bo`. Frâtofm ik ucm `kykcim. `kykcim . =?:;. Zrobkr vomlk m M`kbmcom. Kstmcfom =?:;. =?:;. =?:;. Ykhrâm ik `m rk`mtovoimi kspkfom` kc `m [covkrsoimi ik @kopzoa. ik M`ekrt Kocstkoc. Bmx Qkekr mfmem  @m ïtofm prhtkstmctk prhtkstmctk y k` kspârotu ik` fm potm`osbh. otm`osbh. =?:4. Vkaucih vomlk m M`kbmcom fhc =?:4. kstmcfoms kc Cðrkbekra, Bücofg y Fh`hcom. Ukarksm m Bmiroi y hetokck ucm ekfm pmrm mbp`omr sus kstuiohs kc k` kxtrmclkrh. =?:1. Tuk`tm m M`kbmcom. Kstmcfom kc =?:1. Ekr`âc y kc Bmreurah. Ik vuk`tm kc Ks-

=?:1. Zme`h Zofmssh,  @ms skýhrotms ik =?:1.  Mvoachc. voachc.

pmým ducim `m rkvostm  K` Dmrh  Dmrh y kbpokzm kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm ?4  

m ksfroeor kc  K` Obpmrfom`  Obpmrfom`s  herk tkbms y sufkshs ik `m voim püe`ofm kspmýh`m. =?:7. Amcm `ms hphsofohcks m `m fítkirm =?:7. ik `m Ksfuk`m Vupkrohr ik Bmaostkroh y ks chbermih prhdkshr cubkrmroh ik Zsofh`haâm, @öaofm y Ïtofm. Bmctokck iostoctms ph`ïbofms fhc Umborh ik Bmktzu sherk k` prhe`kbm ik Kspmým. =?:?. Zh`kbozm fhc [cmbuch m` rks=?:?. pkfth ik` kurhpkâsbh ik Kspmým. Mtmfm m Bkcïcikz Zk`myh phr hphckrsk m `m kcskýmczm `mofm. Octkrvokck kc `m ducimfoöc ik `m rkvostm  Kurhpm urhpm..

=?:?.. Vkbmcm tríaofm ik Emrfk`hcm. =?:?

=?=:. Bmtrobhcoh fhc Uhsm. Hphsotm m =?=:. `m fítkirm ik Bktmdâsofm ik `m [covkrso-

=?==. Kctrkvostms kc M`kbmcom fhc =?==. iovkrsms pkrshcm`oimiks< Gkrbmcc

imi Fkctrm`k`ik y rkfoekik`k`boschbermbokcth 5;Bmiroi, ik chvokberk bh mýh. Vk mfkptm su hdrkfobokcth pmrm skauor ikskbpkýmcih, soc pkrfoeor suk`ih, su mctkrohr fmrah kc `m Ksfuk`m Vupkrohr ik` Bmaostkroh.

Fhgkc, Gkobshktg y Vfgkddkr.C.K`Gmrtbmcc, 57 ik bmyh cmfk kc Bmreurah su probkr golh, Boauk` Akrbíc. Tuk`vk m Bmiroi m docm`ks ik mýh.

=?==. Uhm`i Mbuciskc ``kam m` Zh`h =?==. Vur. =?=5. Yhbm phsksoöc ik su fítkirm ik =?=5. Bktmdâsofm kc `m [covkrsoimi Fkctrm`. =?=9. K` 5 ik bmrzh cmfk su golm Vh`k=?=9. imi. Ducim `m @oam ik Kiufmfoöc Zh`âtofm. Vk ocstm`mc kc `m fmsm pmtkrcm ik K` Ksfhrom`. Tomlm m Bmiroi ihs iâms phr skbmcm pmrm obpmrtor sus f`msks kc `m [covkrsoimi. K`kaoih bokberh ik `m Ukm` Mfmikbom ik Fokcfoms Bhrm`ks y Zh`âtofms> ch ``kam cucfm m prhcucfomr k` iosfursh ik rkfkpfoöc, iklm pmsmr `hs p`mzhs y docm`bkctk ch hfupm k` so``öc. Zue`ofmfoöc ik  Bkiotmfohcks ik` ]uolhtk. tk .

=?=9.. Ocofoh ik `m O Aukrrm Buciom`. =?=9

=?=;.. Ducim fhc `hs rkpue`ofmchs rmio-   =?=9-=?=; . Ykhrâm ik `m rk`mtovoimi ak=?=; kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm ?1  

fm`ks `m rkvostm  Kspmým. Vkbmcmroh Vkbmcmroh ik `m voim cmfohcm`. cmfohcm`.

ckrm` ik Kocstkoc.

=?=4. Zrobkr vomlk m Mrakctocm, fhc su =?=4. pmirk. K` vomlk tokck phr helkth hfupmr `m fítkirm frkmim phr `m Ocstotufoöc Fu`turm` Kspmýh`m kc `m [covkrsoimi ik Eukchs Morks. Bokctrms, cmfk kc Bmiroi su tkrfkr y ü`tobh golh, Lhsï, k` =6 ik chvokberk. Zue`ofm k` probkr vh`ubkc ik  K` Kspkftmihr. Kspkftmihr. =?=1. Zrobkrms fh`mehrmfohcks kc  K` =?=1. Vh`.. Vh`

=?=1.. Ukvh`ufoöc rusm. =?=1 =?5=. @uiwoa Qottakcstkoc, =?5=. Qottakcstkoc, Yrmftmtus `haofh-pgo`hshpgofus.. `haofh-pgo`hshpgofus

=?55.. Zue`ofm  Kspmým ocvkrtkermim =?55 ocvkrtkermim.. =?56. Ducim `m  Ukvostm ik Hffoikctk, =?56. Hffoikctk, fuyh probkr cübkrh mpmrkfk kc mero`, rkvostm ik armc fm`mih fu`turm` y shfom`, quk müc ghy pkriurm. Zue`ofm  K` tkbm ik cukstrh tokbph. tokbph.

=?56. Kc Kspmým, ah`pk ik Kstmih ik =?56. Zrobh ik Uovkrm.

=?5;. Zue`ofm  @m iksgubmcozmfoöc =?5;. iksgubmcozmfoöc ik` mrtk k oikms sherk `m chvk`m. chvk`m. =?51. Zue`ofmfoöc ik Vkr y tokbph, =?51. tokbph, ik Bmrtoc Gkoikaakr. =?57. Vkaucih vomlk m Mrakctocm. Ioftm =?57. uc fursh kc `m Dmfu`tmi ik Do`hshdâm y @ktrms ik Eukchs Morks. Zue`ofm  Bkiotmfoöc ik cukstrh tokbph. Octrhiuffoöc m` prkskctk y ¸quï ks `m fokcfom, quï `m do`hshdâm8 =?5?. Iurmctk k` fursh 57-5? gmy =?5?. iostureohs kc `m [covkrsoimi ik Bmiroi. K` aheokrch fokrrmHrtkam `m [covkrsoimi. Kc ským` ik prhtkstm rkcucfom tkbphrm`bkctk m `m fítkirm. Kc iofokberk,

=?5?.. Frmfn kfhcöbofh ik` 5?. =?5?

m` fhcstotuorsk `m Luctm ik Aheokrch ik kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm ?7  

`m [covkrsoimi ik Bmiroi, kstm sh`ofotm ik` phikr püe`ofh k` rkstme`kfobokcth ik sus fítkirms m Hrtkam lucth fhc @uos Lobïckz ik Mssüm, Dk`opk Vícfgkz Uhbíc y htrhs fmtkirítofhs ik prhvocfoms. Zue`ofmfoöc ik  @m rkek`oöc rkek`oöc ik `ms bmsms. ¸]uï ks do`hshdâm8 =?6=. Ducim fhc Arkahroh Bmrmýhc y =?6=. Umböc Zïrkz ik Mym`m `m Marupmfoöc m` Vkrvofoh ik `m Ukpüe`ofm. =?65. Obpmrtk k` obphrtmctk fursh  Zroc=?65. fopohs ik bktmdâsofm skaüc `m rmzöc votm`.. Zue`ofm Ahktgk iksik ikctrh. votm` ikctrh. =?66.. Got`kr suek m` phikr. =?66 =?69. Tomlm m M`kbmcom mfhbpmýmih ik =?69. su golh Boauk`. =?6;. Ehims ik p`mtm ik` bmtrobhcoh. =?6;. Ks fhcikfhrmih fhc `m Emcim ik `m Ukpüe`ofm. =?64. M` ocofomrsk `m aukrrm fovo` kspm=?64. ýh`m, Hrtkam, mfhbpmýmih phr su dmbo`om, sm`k ik Bmiroi fhc iorkffoöc m M`ofmctk. @m kbemlmim drmcfksm dmfo`otm `hs tríbotks y kbemrfmc rubeh m Bmrsk``m. Vk mfhbhimc kc Zmrâs, ihcik `m dmbo`om vovorí gmstm =?61. =?67. Tomlks phr Kurhpm. Ukfhchfo=?67. bokcth octkrcmfohcm`. Kc probmvkrm ks ocvotmih phr k` gosthromihr gh`mciïs Guozocam, vosotm `m [covkrsoimi ik @koikc y rksoik kc Hkastakkst. Obpmrtk ucm skrok ik fhcdkrkcfoms kc kstm [covkrsoimi y, m fhctocumfoöc, ocofom uc vomlk phr Gh`mcim prhcucfomcih fhcdkrkcfoms kc vmroms ocstotufohcks Uhttkrimb, Ik`d, Íbstkrimb y @m ik Gmym, fhc kchrbk ïxoth. Tuk`vk m Zmrâs. Fmk kcdkrbh y

=?64. Ocofoh ik `m Aukrrm Fovo` Kspmýh=?64. `m.

ks hpkrmih kc hftuerk kc ucm f`âcofm ik kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm ??  

Zmrâs. =?6?. Fhcvm`kfk kc Fhoberm (Zhrtu=?6?. am`), ihcik pkrbmckfk trks bksks. Docm`ozm `m aukrrm fovo`. Ukarksm m Zmrâs y kc mahsth rkm`ozm su tkrfkr vomlk m Mrakctocm fhc su bulkr y su golm Vh`kimi. Zkr-

=?6?. Ocofoh ik `m OO Aukrrm Buciom`. =?6?. Zrobkrm iovosoöc ik` íthbh.

bmckfkrí kc Eukchs Morks trks mýhs. Kstm``m `m Vkaucim Aukrrm Buciom`. Zue`ofm  Kstuiohs sherk sherk k` mbhr k Oikms y frkkcfoms.. frkkcfoms =?95. Ukarksm m Kurhpm kc bmrzh, oc=?95. stm`ícihsk kc @osehm. =?9;. Kctrm phr probkrm vkz kc Kspmým =?9;. trms `m aukrrm fovo`.

=?9;.. Docm` ik `m OO Aukrrm Buciom`. =?9;

=?97. Kc fhbpmýâm ik su iosfâpu`h Lu=?97. `oíc Bmrâms, Hrtkam ducim k` Ocstotuth ik Gubmcoimiks, fkctrh fu`turm` ikiofmih m` iksmrrh``h ik `ms mftovoimiks gubmcâstofms bkiomctk `m fh`mehrmfoöc ik kspkfom`ostms kc `ms iostoctms rmbms ucovkrsotmroms. Hrtkam vovk rktormih kc su fmsm ik Bmiroi, m`klmih ik `m voim shfom` y ikiofmih m sus ckahfohs kiothrom`ks. =?9?. Kc lucoh vomlm m Kstmihs [coihs =?9?. ocvotmih phr `m [covkrsoimi ik Mspkc (Fh`hrmih), pmrm fk`kermr k` fkctkcmroh ik Ahktgk. M` ``kamr m Cukvm _hrn ks rkfoeoih fm`urhsmbkctk phr `m Gospmcof Vhfokty. Iksik Kstmihs [coihs, Hrtkam vomlm m Gmbeurah fhc su bulkr y su golh Boauk` y kc skptokberk im ucm fhcdkrkcfom kc `m [covkrsoimi @oerk ik Ekr`âc totu`mim « « Kurhpm urhpm bkiotmtohqumkimb¾. imb ¾. =?;=.. Hrtkam msostk m `hs fï`kerks kc=?;=

=?;:-=?;6.. Aukrrm ik Fhrkm. =?;:-=?;6

fukctrhs ik Imrbstmt fhc«K` Bmrtoc aakr, ihcik gme`m sherk both Gkoikik` ghberk m``kcik `m tïfcofm¾. Tomlm m Bu-

=?;5 =?;5. . VkEkfnktt. kstrkcm  Kspkrmcih m Ahiht  Ahiht , ik Vmbuk`

cofg, ihcik ocstm`m su rksoikcfom fmso kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm =::  

pkrbmckctk kc k` Emykrosfgkrghd. Ks chbermih bokberh ik `m Mfmikbom Eívmrm ik Ek``ms Mrtks y `ms [covkrsoimiks ik Bmreurah y A`msahw `k ocvostkc Ihfthr ghchros fmusm. =?;;.. Tomlm m Otm`om kc bmyh, ihcik iof=?;; tm su ü`tobm fhcdkrkcfom, fhcdkrkcfom, prhcucfomim kc `m Ducimfoöc Foco (Tkckfom) fhc k` tâtu`h «O` bkioh kvh k `‟oikm io cmzohck¾. K` =7 ik hftuerk ks trms`mimih m` smcmthroh Uuekr phr ucm armvk kcdkrbkimi. Bukrk kc su fmsm ik Bhctk Ksquoczm, 57.

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm =:=  

Chtms

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm =:5  

^=RH   rtkam y Amsskt,

 Bkiotmfohcks ik` ]uolhtk, ]uolhtk, =: 00

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm =:6  

^5R Coktzsfgk,

D.,  @m vh`uctmi ik phikr phikr. 00

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm =:9  

^6R Hrtkam y Amsskt, L.,

 @m fokcfom rhbíctofm rhbíctofm   00

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm =:;  

^9RM   rostötk`ks,

 Ïtofm m Coföbmfh, Coföbmfh, OOO, =,===:m9. 00

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm =:4  

^;R Vmrtrk, L-.Z.,

 K` skr y `m cmim, cmim, OT, =,=. 00

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm =:1  

^4R Vmrtrk, L.-Z.,

 @ms bhsfms. bhsfms. 00

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm =:7  

^1R Vmrtrk, L-.Z.,

 K` skr y `m cmim, cmim, OT. 00

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm =:?  

^7R Vmrtrk, L.-Z.,

 K` kxostkcfom`osbh ks uc gubmcosbh gubmcosbh.. 00

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm ==:  

^?R Fmcktto, K,

 @m prhvocfom prhvocfom ik` ghberk ghberk. 00

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm ===  

^=:R Mrkcit, G.,

Totm mftovm, mftovm, § 59 00

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm ==5  

^==R Qko`, V.,

 Ukd`kxohcks sherk sherk `ms fmusms ik `m `oekrtmi y ik `m hprksoöc hprksoöc shfom`. shfom`. 00

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm ==6  

^=5R Bmcc, Y,

 Ihnthr Dmustus, Dmustus, WWWOOO. 00

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm ==9  

^=6RM   rostötk`ks,

 Ïtofm m Coföbmfh, Coföbmfh, OW, =:, ==1= 00

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm ==;  

^=9R@   ïmsk, phr klkbp`h,

 Ukpüe`ofm  kpüe`ofmW   , ;16m-;1;m. 00

kehhnk`h.fhb - Zíaocm ==4  

^=;R Z`mtöc,

 @kyks, kyks, 49: i. 00