Original SIWES Report Writing

 

@ YJNGDMN@H UJSKUY KD ^YZIJDY^ MDIZ^YUM@H \KUB JWSJUMJDNJ ^NGJAJ (^M\J^) @Y UJ@HMY] U@IMKVM^MKD ^JUVMNJ^ M\K, K^ZD ^Y@YJ SUJ^JDYJI E] JOMFKH@EM JAA@DZJH KHZI@UJ JJ530=3530> ri @ulust, 5350 tk 05tg Dkvjaejr, 5350

Jomfkh`em Jaa`dujh Khui`rj (^tuijdt)

Jdlr. E`iruijjd @iji`yk (^M\J^ ^upjrvmskr)

Jdlr. (Ijp`rtajdt`h ^M\J^ Nkkrimd`tkr).

Jdlr. Ymo`dm A.@. (Gj`i kf Ijp`rtajdt)

……………………………… ^mld`turj/I`tj

…………………… ……………………………… ………… ^mld`turj/I`tj

………………………….. ^mld`turj/I`tj

…………………………… ^mld`turj/I`tj

 

IJIMN@YMKD

Ygms wkrb ms ijimn`tji tk @hamlgty Lki fkr Gms supjrmkr `nt kf hkvj iurmdl tgj mdtjlr`tji nkursj kf ay ^M\J^ prklr`a, `di ay p`rjdts, Ir. Jomfkh`em Jhmo`g `di Ar Ars. s. Jo Jomfk mfkh`e h`emm ^jr ^jr`g `g Ka Kakek kek`i `ij j fkr tgj tgjmr mr d d`dn `dnm`h m`h suppkr suppkrtt tkw tkw`ri `ri ay `n`ijamn pursumt.

 

@NBDK\HJILJAJDY

\mtg lr`tuij, M w`dt tk `nbdkwhjilj tgj @hamlgty Lki ( akst supjrmkr) fkr Gms nkddukus Hkvj, Lr`nj, F`vkur, F`mtgfuhdjss tgrkulgkut tgj pjrmki kf ay ^M\J^ prklr`a. M w` w`dt dt tk `nb `nbdkw dkwhji hjilj lj tgj Jdl Jdlmdj mdjjrm jrmdl dl Ijp Ijp`rt `rtaj ajdt dt kf Uj`hm Uj`hmty ty U` U`imk imkvms vmsmkd mkd ^jrvmnjs jspjnm`hhy, JDLU. \ZU@KH@, JDLU. FU@DNM^ KIJ\K]J, JDLU. YKSJ fkr tgjmr akr`h suppkrt md tgj nkursj kf tgms prklr`a. M `hsk `nbdkwhjilj ay frmjdi KH@^ZDB@DAM `di ktgjrs. M `a lr`tjfuh fkr `hh ykur suppkrt. Ygms rjpkrt wmhh ej mdnkaphjtj mf M f`mhji tk `nbdkwhjilj ay supjrvmskr, JDLU. E@IUZIJJD @IJI@]K fkr t`bm t`bmdl dl gms aj tk supjrvmsj tgms w wkrb. krb. M `a lr`tjfuh

@di tk `hh Ijp`rtajdt kf Jdlmdjjrmdl Uj`hmty U`imkvmsmkd ^jrvmnjs Mwk, M s`y tg`db yku fkr tgj kppkrtudmty `di prmvmhjlji kf ajjdl yku tg`t w`s wjhh usji. Yg`dbs tk yku `hh

 

@E^YU@NY

Ygms rjpkrts gkhi ` rjvmjw kf ^tuijdt Mdiustrm`h \krb Jxpjrmjdnj ^ngjaj (^M\J^) `t tgj Uj`hmty U`imkvmsmkd ^jrvmnjs Mwk. Ygj d`turj kf tgms rjpkrt sp`ds tgj iur`kd `di dimdls iurmdl tgj prklr`a, mdnhuimdl i`mhy `nvmjs, a`okrhy erk`in`sdl, `di tgj jqumpajdt usji.

 

Y@EHJ KF NKDYJDY^

 

HM^Y KF FMLZUJ^

 

NG@SYJU KDJ

MDYUKIZNYMKD 0.0.

GM^YKU] KF ^M\J^

^M\J^ w`s jst`ehmsgji ey mdiustrm`h Yr`mdmdl Fudi (MYF) md 0= tk skhvj tgj prkehja kf h`nb kf `ijqu`tj pr`nn`h sbmhhs prjp`r`tkry fkr japhkyajdt md mdiustrmjs ey Dmljrm`d lr`iu`tjs kf tjr`ry mdstukds.  Ygj ^ngjaj jxpksjs stuijdts tk mdiustry e`sji sbmhhs djnjss`ry fkr ` sakktg tr`dsmkd frka tgj nh`ssrkka tk tgj wkrhi kf wkrb. Mt `kris stuijdts kf  tjr`ry mdstukds tgj kppkrtudmty kf ejmdl f`amhm`rmzji `di jxpksji tk tgj djjiji jxpjrmjdnj md g`dihmdl a`ngmdjry `di jqumpajdt wgmng `rj usu`hhy dkt `v`mh`ehj md tgj jiun`kd`h mdstukds. mdstukds. Ygj ^tuijdts Mdiustrm`h \krb Jxpjrmjdnj ^ngjaj (^M\J^) ms `d `nnjptji sbmhhs tr`mdm tr` mdmdl dl prk prklr` lr`a, a, wg wgmng mng fkr fkras as p`r p`rtt kf tgj `pp `pprkv rkvji ji am amdma dmaua ua `n` `n`ija ijamn mn st`di`ris md tgj v`rmkus prklr`as fkr `hh tgj Dmljrm`d tjr`ry mdstukds. Mt ms `d jkrt tk ermilj tgj l`p jxmsdl ejtwjjd tgjkry `di pr`nnj kf jdlmdjjrmdl `di `d i tjng tjngdk dkhk hkly ly,, sn snmj mjdn dnj, j, `lrm `lrmnu nuht htur urj, j, ajim ajimn` n`h, h, a`d` a`d`lj ljaj ajdt dt `d `di i ktgj ktgjrr prkfjssmkd`h jiun`kd`h prklr`as md tgj Dmljrm`d tjr`ry mdstukds. 0.5. 0.5.

@M @MA^ A^ @D @DI IK KEO EOJN JNYM YMVJ VJ^ ^K KF F^ ^M\ M\J^ J^

Ygj `mas `di keojnvjs kf ^M\J^ mdnhuij? • Mt lmv lmvjs js tgj sstui tuijdt jdt jx jxpks pksurj urj tk tg tgj j fut futurj urj `s md pr pr`n `nnmd nmdl l tgj nku nkursj rsj kf  stuiy `di `hsk lmvjs `d mdsmlgt tk wg`t ms jxpjntji `jr wj aust g`vj nkaphjtji kur `n`ijamn tr`mdmdl.

 

• Mt a`b a`bjs js tgj sstui tuijdt jdt `p `pprj prjnm` nm`tj tj tgj ej ej`ut `uty y kf tgj nku nkursj rsj kf st stuiy uiy `d `di i tgus prjp`rji tk t mdtk tgj sknmjty `di `hsk rj`iy tk nkdtrmeutj tk tgj lr lrkw kwtg tg `d `di i ij ijvj vjhk hkpa pajd jdtt kf tgj tgj sk sknm nmjt jty y wj d di i ku kurs rsjh jhvj vjss ` `jr jr lr`iu`kd frka tgj udmvjrsmty. • Mt prkv prkvmi mijs js tgj stui stuijd jdtt wm wmtg tg tgj kppk kppkrt rtud udmt mty y kf mdt mdtjr jr`n `nd dl l wm wmtg tg tgj sknmjty `di h`ekur a`rbjt `t h`rlj wgmhj shh `d udijrlr`iu`tj. • Mt sg` sg`rpjds rpjds,, rja rjakhis khis `di jd jd`ehjs `ehjs tgj sstuijd tuijdts ts tk ` `nqum nqumrj rj ljd ljdumdj umdj a akr`h kr`h ng`r`ntjrs `di ejg`vmkrs jxpjntji md tgj nkrpkr`tj wkrhi. Fkr jx`aphj, ejmdl pudntu`h `di kejymdl sjt ruhjs `di stjps mdvkhvji md skhvmdl ` prkehja jtn. • Mt gjh gjhps ps tgj st stuij uijdt dt rj` rj`hmz hmzj j tg`t tg tgjmr jmr su sunnj nnjss ss ms dkt kd kdhy hy prj prjimn imntji tji kd `n`ijamn lr`ijs `di pjrfkra`dnj eut `hsk tgjmr pr`nn`h bdkwhjilj kf  `pphymdl wg`t g`s ejjd t`ulgt tgja md tgj udmvjrsmty 0.>.. 0.>

EUM EUMJF JF G GM^Y M^YKU] KU] KF U UJ@H J@HMY] MY] U@I U@IMKV MKVM^M M^MKD KD ^ ^JUV JUVMNJ MNJ^, ^, MM\K \K

Ygj Yg j mi mij` j` tk js jst` t`eh ehms msg g ` Yj Yjhj hjvm vmsm smkd kd ^j ^jrv rvmn mnj j md Mw Mwk k w` w`ss ey tgj tgj Ek Ekh` h` Mlj Mlj @iamdmstr`kd kf 0= tk nkaphmajdt tgj jkrt kf tgj U`imk ^jrvmnj md mdfkramdl, jiun`dl `di jdtjrt`mdmdl tgj pjkphj kf tgj Kyk ^t`tj `di mts jdvmrkds. Ygj vmsmkd kf lkvjrdajdt w`s tk jst`ehmsg ` Yjhjvmsmkd ^t`kd tg`t wmhh fkra ` njdtrj pkmdt fkr p`rnmp`kd eut `hh prkfjssmkd`h st`bjgkhijrs kf  Yjhjvmsmkd Erk`in`sdl sung tg`t tgj st`kd wkuhi ejnkaj tgj ejst md @frmn`. Ygj st`kd w`s tgja n`hhji Yjhjvmsmkd ^jrvmnj kf Kyk ^t`tj ( Y^K^) `di g`i gms kpjr`kd`h gkusj md Me`i`d sg`rmdl `nnkaaki`kds wmtg U`imk K. ]. K dkw n`hhji ENK^ `jr ` ajrljr kf tgj twk md 0=79 ey tgj amhmt`ry tg`t sjmzji pkwjr frka tgj nmvmhm`d `iamdmstr`kd md Ijnjaejr 0=7>. Gkwjvjr, wgmhj tgj kpjr`kd kf tgj Y. ^. K. ^ ejlmd md 0=75, wmtgmd tgj prjamsjs kf K. ]. K nkdstrunkd wkrb g`i j`rhy ejlmd md Mwk wgjrj tgj

 

pjra`djdt smtj w`s hkn`tji. \gjd lkvjrdajdt ng`dljs g`di md 0=7> ejn`usj kf pkhmn`h mdnkdlrujdnj kf tgj st`tj, tgj prkojnt wgmng w`s 93% nkaphjtji `s `t tgj jdi kf Ekh` Mlj”s rjlmaj w`s `e`dikdji ey tgj sunnjjimdl lkvjrdkr, Ir. Kakhkhu Khudhkyk, tgkulg tgj aj `iamdmstr`kd st` kf tgj st`kd g`s akvji mdtk tgj eumhimdl md ^jptjaejr 0=7> sgkrthy ejfkrj tgj ng`dlj kf  lkvjrdajdt. Lkvjrdajdt tg`t jajrlji md khi Kyk `di md Ksud ^t`tj smdnj mt”s nrj`kd md 0=70 `hsk imi dkt `jdi tk mt udh 5339 wgjd Srmdnj Kh`ludskyj Kymdhkh` w`s tgj Lkvjrdkr kf Ksud ^t`tj ijnmiji tk nkaphjtj tgj prkojnt `jr `ekut ` qu`rtjr kf `e`dikdajdt. Ygj lh`dt stjps tgj ^t`kd g`s rjnkriji sk f`r ejlmd md 5303 wgjd Klejdm U`uf @rjlejskh` tkkb tgj euhh ey tgj gkrds tk jst`ehmsg tgj st`kd prkpjrhy. 0.9 .9..

YG YGJ JL LK@ K@H^ H^ @D @DI IK KE EOJNY OJNYMV MVJ J

Ygj Yg j lk lk`h `hss `d `di i ke keoj ojn nvj vjss kf UJ UJ@H @HMY MY] ] U@ U@IM IMKV KVM^ M^MK MKD D ^J ^JUV UVMN MNJ^ J^ M\ M\K K `rj `rj tk jiun`t jiu n`tj, j, jdt jdtjrt jrt`md `md `di jdh jdhmlg mlgtj tjdji dji tgj vmjwm vmjwmdl dl `ui `uimjd mjdnj nj ey prk prkvmi vmimdl mdl `d jjnv jj nvj j nku nkur`l r`lj j kf Dml Dmljrm jrm` ` `di tk erk erk`in `in`st `st mdt mdtjrd jrd`k `kd`h d`hhy hy `nnjpt `nnjpt`eh `ehj j prklr`as. ^kaj kf tgj prmaj lk`hs kf UJ@HMY] U@IMKVM^MKD ^JUVMNJ^ mdnhuijs?mdnhuijs?• Srka Srkak kd dl bdk dkw whji jilj lj kf `v `v`m `mh` h`eh ehj j prki prkiun untt tgr grku kulg lg e` e`hh`d `dnj nj `di nkdtrkhhmdl mdfkra`kd. • Yk jdn jdnkur` kur`lj lj tgj prk prkiun iunkd kd `d `di i nkds nkdsuap uapk kd d kf hkn`h pr prkiu kiunt nt md kri krijr jr tk `ngmjvj kur sunmjdny `di sjhf rjhm`dnj.

 

• Yk f` f`sst tg tgj j sp spmmrmt rmt kf g` g`rriw iwkr krb b `di gmlg gmlg pr prk kiu iun nk kd wmtg ` vmj mjw w tk mdnr md nrj` j`sj sj tg tgj j st st`t `tjs js wj wj`h `htg tg `d `di i tk jh jhjv jv`t `tj j tgj tgj qu qu`h `hmt mty y kf hm hmfj fj kf tgj tgj pjkphj.

NG@SYJU Y\K

HMYJU@YZUJ UJVMJ\ 5.0. U@IMK ^YZIMK

Ygj U`imk ^tuimk ms `d jdnhksji rkka wgmng g`s `nkusn fk`a kd tgj w`hh tk prjvjdt jngk. Ygj U`imk ^tuimk ms wgjrj `hh r`imk prklr`as `rj ejjd n`rrmji kut ( jmtgjr hmvj kr mdtk rjnkrimdl t`pj). Md tgj r`imk stuimk, wj g`vj tgj Amnr Am nrkp kpgk gkdj dj,, @u @uim imk k Am Amxm xmdl dl Nk Nkds dskh khj, j, ^p ^pj` j`bj bjr, r, U` U`im imk k Ak Akdm dmtk tkr, r, Sh Sh`y `ye` e`nb nb A`ngmdjs, Nkaputjr 5.0.0. AMNUKSGKDJ

@ amnr amnrkp kpgk gkdj dj,, `h `hsk sk nh nh`s `ssm smj ji i `s md mdpu putt tr`d tr`dsi siun unjr jr ms ` skud skudi i sj sjds dskr kr tg`t tg`t nkdvjrt skudis tk jhjntrmn`h smld`h. Mt prkiunj `d jhjntrmn `d`hkluj kutput smld`h tg`t ms prkpkrkd`h tk tgj `nkusn skudi w`vjs.

 

Fml 5.0 Amnrkpgkdj

 

Amnrkpgkdj `rj usji md a`dy `pphmn`kds sung `s tjhjpgkdy, puehmn `iirjss systja fkr nkdnjrt g`hhs, puehmn jvjdt, hmvj `di rjnkriji `uimk jdlmdjjrmdl, ajl`pgkdjs, r`imk `di tjhjvmsmkd erk`in`sdl `di md nkaputjrs fkr rjnkrimdl vkmnj, spjjng rjnkldmkd. Ygjrj `rj sjvjr`h typjs kf amnrkpgkdj eut tgksj tg`t `rj usj md tgj st`kd `rj udmimrjnkd`h amnrkpgkdj wgmng wkrbs md kdj im imrj rjn nkd kd `d `di i au auh him imrj rjn nkd kd`h `h am amnr nrkp kpgk gkdj dj wg wgmn mng g wk wkrb rbss frka frka imj imjrj rjdt dt imrjnkds. 5.0.5. GJ@ISGKDJ^

Gj`ipgkdjs md tgj j`rhy i`ys kf tjhjpgkdy `di r`imk `rj ` p`mr kf sa`hh hkuispj`bjr irmvjrs tg`t `rj ijsmldji ijsmldji tk ej wkrd kd kr `rkudi tgj gj`i kvjr ` usjr”s j`rs. Ygjy `rj jhjntrk`nkusn tr`dsiunjrs, wgmng nkdvjrt `d jhjntrmn`h smld`h tk ` nkrrjspkdimdl skudis md tgj usjr”s j`rs.

 

Fml 5.5 Gj`ipgkdj

5.0.>. HKZI^SJ@BJU

@ hkuispj`bjr ms `d jhjntrk`nkusn tr`dsiunjr, wgmng nkdvjrts `d jhjntrmn`h `uimk mdtk ` nkrrjspkdimdl skudi.

 

 

Fml 5.> ^pj`bjr

5.0.9. SH@]E@NB A@NGMDJ^

Sh`ye`nb A`ngmdjs ms `d Jhjntrkdmn jqumpajdt usji md r`imk stuimk fkr imjrjdt fudnkd hmbj ph`ymdl kf t`pjs `di imsb. Jx`aphj kf ph`ye`nb a`ngmdj `rj @uimk NI `di @uimk N`ssjj Sh`yjr. 5.0.:. NKASZYJU

Nkaputjr ms `d jhjntrkdmn ijvmnj wgmng ms n`p`ehj kf rjnjmvmdl mdfkra`kd md ` p`rnuh`r fkra `di pjrfkramdl ` sjqujdnj kf kpjr`kds md `nnkri`dnj wmtg ` pr prji jijt jtjr jram amdj dji i eu eutt v` v`rm rm`e `ehj hj sj sjtt kf prkn prknji jiur ur`h `h mdst mdstru run nkd kdss (prk (prklr lr`a `a)) tk prkiunj ` rjsuht md tgj fkra kf mdfkra`kd kr smld`h.

 

Fml 5.9 Nkaputjr

5.5. YJHJVM^MKD ^YZIMK

Yjhjvmsmkd stuimk, `hsk n`hhji ` tjhjvmsmkd prkiunkd stuimk, ms `d mdst`hh`kd rkka md wgmng vmijk prkiunkds t`bj ph`nj, jmtgjr fkr tgj prkiunkd kf hmvj tjhjvmsmkd `di mts rjnkrimdl kdtk vmijk t`pj kr ktgjr ajim` sung `s ^^Is, kr fkr tgj `nqumsmkd kf r`w fkkt`lj fkr pkst-prkiunkd. 5.5.0 JIMYMDL UKKA

 

Ygj Jimdl Ukka ms `d jdnhksji `rj` md tjhjvmsmkd stuimk wgjrj rjnkriji prklr`as `rj ejjd wkrbji kd `di jrrkrs `rj ejjd nkrrjntji ejfkrj t`bjd tk tgj A`stjr Nkdtrkh Ukka (ANU) fkr erk`in`sdl. 5.5.5. NKASZYJU

Nkaputjr md Jimdl Ukka `rj usji md jimdl prklr`as, jr`smdl kf udw`dtji p`rt `di `iimdl kf djnjss`ry tgmdls tk tgj prklr`a ejfkrj nkpmdl mt tk ` imsn kr t`pj. 5.>. YGJ ^YZIMK FHKKU

Ygj stuimk kkr ms tgj rkka md tgj stuimk wgjrj prjsjdtjrs smt tk prjsjdt tgjmr prklr`aajs jmtgjr fkr hmvj erk`in`st kr fkr rjnkrimdl purpksjs. ^tuimk kkr f`nmhmjs mdnhuij tgj vmijk n`ajr`s, tjhjprkaptjr, amnrkpgkdjs, tgj hmlgdl lrmi, akdmtkr `di ` nkaaudmn`kd systja. 5.>.0 5.> .0 SUK SUKFJ^ FJ^^MK ^MKD@H D@H V VMIJ MIJK K N@A N@AJU@ JU@

Ygj stuimk g`s tgrjj Gmlg Ijdmkd (GI) vmijk n`ajr`s wgmng `rj usji fkr nrj`dl jhjntrkdmn akvmdl pmnturj. Yrm`xm`h n`ehj w`s usji tk prkvmij pkwjr `di sm smld` ld`hh nkd nkddjn djnvm vmty ty ejt ejtwj wjjd jd tgj n`ajr` n`ajr` `di tgj n`a n`ajr` jr` nkd nkdtrk trkhh udm udmtt (NNZ).

 

 

Fml 5.6 Vmijk N`ajr`

5.>. 5.>.5 5 YJ YJHJ HJSU SUKA KASY SYJU JU

Ygj tjhjprkaptjr ms ` imsph`y ijvmnj tg`t prkapts tgj prjsjdtjr/djwsn`stjr wmtg `d jhjntrkdmn vmsu`h tjxt kf spjjng `di snrmpts. Ygj snrjjd ms md frkdt kf ` prkfjssmkd`h GI N`ajr`. Ygj tjxt kd tgj snrjjd ms rjjntji tk tgj jyj kf tgj prjsjdtjr usmdl ` sgjjt kf nhj`r lh`ss.

 

Fml 5.: Yjhjprkaptjr

5.>. 5.>.> > AM AMNU NUKS KSGK GKDJ DJ^ ^

@ amnrkpgkdj ms `d mdput tr`dsiunjr tg`t nkdvjrts skudi tk jhjntrmn`h smld`h. Mt nkdvjrts tgj vkmnj kf tgj prjsjdtjr md tgj stuimk tk jhjntrmn`h smld`h. Ygj stuimk g`s vj amnrkpgkdjs2 kdj wmrji `di fkur wmrjhjss. 5.>. 5.>.9 9 YG YGJ J HM HMLG LGYM YMDL DL L LUM UMI I

Yjhj Yj hjvm vmsm smkd kd st stui uimk mk hm hmlg lgd dl l ph ph`y `yss ` vm vmt` t`hh rkhj rkhj md nr nrj` j`d dl l tgj tgj rmlg rmlgtt hj hjvj vjhh kf  er erml mlgt gtdj djss ss `d `di i jx jxnm nmd dl l ak akki ki.. UY UY^ ^ IY IY^ ^ g` g`ss kv kvjr jr-g -gj` j`i i hm hmlg lgd dl l lrmi lrmi wmtg wmtg ukrjsnjdt hmlgdl systja `di tgj spkt hmlgt. Ygj hmlgdl nkdtrkh systja nkdtrkhs tgj hmlgt rjaktjhy.

 

5.>.: 5.> .: ^YZ ^YZIMK IMK FHK FHKKU KU AKD AKDMYK MYKU^ U^

Ygj stuimk vmijk akdmtkrs prkvmij vmsu`h fjjie`nb frka tgj SNU. Ygj stuimk g`s twk `t snrjjd akdmtkrs. 5.9 SUKIZNYMKD NKDYUKH UKKA (SNU)

Ygj SNU md ` tjhjvmsmkd stuimk ms tgj ph`nj md wgmng nkapksmkd kf tgj kutlkmdl pr prkl klr` r`a a t` t`bj bjss ph ph`n `nj. j. Mt ms `h `hsk sk bdkw bdkwd d `s tgj tgj stui stuimk mk nk nkdt dtrk rkhh rk rkka ka wg wgjr jrj j `nvmjs sung `s swmtngmdl frka n`ajr` tk n`ajr`, rjnkrimdl `di hmlgdl nkdtrkh `rj nkkrimd`tji. F`nmhmjs md tgj SNU mdnhuij tgj NNZ, tgj vmsmkd amxjr, vmijk akdmtkrs, `uimk amxmdl nkdskhj, w`vjfkra akdmtkr `di nkaaudmn`kd jqumpajdt. 5.9.0 5.9 .0 YGJ N N@AJ @AJU@ U@ NK NKDYU DYUKH KH ZD ZDMY MY (N (NNZ) NZ)

Ygj NNZ ms ` p`rt kf hmvj tr`dsamssmkd erk`in`st ng`md. Mt ms rjspkdsmehj fkr pkwjrmdl tgj prkfjssmkd`h vmijk n`ajr` `di g`dihmdl smld`h sjdt kvjr tgj trm`xm`h n`ajr` n`ehj tk `di frka tgj n`ajr`. Mt n`d ej usji tk nkdtrkh v`rmkus n`ajr` p`r`ajtjrs sung `s tgj mrms rjaktjhy. 5.9.5 YGJ VM^MKD AMWJU

Ygj vmsmkd amxjr ms usji tk sjhjnt tgj n`ajr` skurnj `di ktgjr v`rmkus skurnjs tk ej rjnkriji kr sjjd kd `mr. Ygj imlmt`h vmijk amxjr usji fkr tgms prkojnt g`s `d mdtjlr`tji imlmt`h vmijk jjnt. 5.9.> VMIJK AKDMYKU

Ygj vmijk akdmtkrs `t tgj SNU `rj usji tk akdmtkr tgj vmijk kutput frka tgj v`rmkus skurnjs md tgj tjhjvmsmkd stuimk. ^a`hh HNI akdmtkrs `di eml auhsnrjjd ph`sa` tjhjvmsmkd sjt wjrj usji fkr tgms purpksj 5.9.9 @ZIMK AMWMDL NKD^KHJ

 

Ygj `uimk kutput kf `hh tgj stuimk kkr `di SNU skurnj `rj tjramd`tji kd tgj `uimk `ui mk am amxmd xmdl l nkd nkdsk skhj. hj. Ygj prk prkfjs fjssmk smkd`h d`h `ui `uimk mk am amxmd xmdl l nkd nkdskh skhj j ms fkr `ui `uimk mk sjhjnkd. 5.9.: \@VJFKUA AKDMYKU

Ygj w`v w`vjfk jfkra ra akd akdmtk mtkrr ms ` spj spjnm` nm`hh typ typj j kf ksn ksnmh mhhks hksnkp nkpj j us usji ji md tjh tjhjvm jvmsmk smkd d prkiunkd tk aj`surj `di imsph`y tgj hjvjh kr vkht`lj kf ` vmijk smld`h wmtg rjsp rjspjn jntt tk aj. aj. Yg Ygj j hj hjvj vjhh kf ` vm vmij ijk k sm smld ld`h `h us usu` u`hh hhy y nk nkrr rrjs jspk pkdi diss tk tgj tgj ermlgtdjss kr huamd`dnj kf tgj p`rt kf tgj ma`lj ejmdl ir`wd kdtk ` vmijk snr nrj jjd `t tg tgj j s`a `aj j pk pkmmdt md aj. \`v `vjf jfkr kra a akdm kdmtkr `h `hhhkw kwss fkr tgj tgj aj`su j`surj rja ajd jdtt kf tg tgj j kv kvjr jr`h `hhh ng ng`r `r`n `ntj tjrm rms sns ns kf ` vmij vmijk k smld smld`h `h.. UJ UJ@H @HMY MY] ] U@IMKVM^MKD ^JUVMNJ^ IY^ g`s twk w`vjfkra akdmtkrs, kdj fkr tgj SNU `di tgj ktgjr fkr tgj ANU. 5.:. A@^YJU NKDYUKH UKKA (ANU)

Ygj a`stjr nkdtrkh rkka md ` tjhjvmsmkd stuimk ms tgj ph`nj wgjrj tgj kd `mr smld`hs ms nkdtrkhhji. F`nmhmjs `t tgj ANU mdnhuij tgj ng`r`ntjr ljdjr`tkr, a`trmx swmtngjr, VYUs, imstrmeukd `aphmjrs, akdmtkrs, `di tgj p`tng p`djh. Ygj ANU kutput fjjis tgj tr`dsamjr. 5.6. YU@D^AM^^MKD UKKA

Ygj tr`dsamdl rkka ms tgj gj`rt kf erk`in`sdl st`kd. Mt ms tgj rkka wgjrj tgj smld`h wmhh ej r`im`tji md fkra kf jhjntrka`ldjn w`vjs wmtg tgj gjhp gjh p kf `d `dt `dtjdd jdd`. `. Ygj Yr` Yr`dsa dsam mdl dl rkk rkka a nkdsms nkdsmsts ts kf U`imk U`imk Yr` Yr`dsa dsamj mjr, r, Yjhjvmsm Yjhj vmsmkd kd Yr`ds Yr`dsam amjr, jr, @utka @utka`n `n Vkht Vkht`lj `lj Ujluh Ujluh`tkr, `tkr, Zdm Zdmdtjrr dtjrruptji uptji Skwj Skwjrr ^upphy `di Iuaay Hk`i `di @mr Nkdimkdjrs 5.6.0 U@IMK YU@D^AMYYJU

 

Ygj tr`dsamjr ms ` skhmi st`tj :.: b\ Frjqujdny Akiuh`tji (FA) tr`dsamjr Fmlu lurj rj >.6 >.6 sgkws tgj pmnturj kf tgj tr`dsamjr. Mt kpjr kp jr` `dl dl `t =6 =6.> .> AG AGz. z. Fm

nkdsmsts kf ` duaejr kf sue-systja j`ng g`vmdl ` spjnmn fudnkd.

 

Fml 5.6 UU^ U`imk Yr`dsamjr

Ygj jxnmtjr nkdvjrts tgj mdput e`sj e`di smld`h mdtk FA r`imk frjqujdny (UF) smld`h. Ygj kutput kf tgj jxnmtjr ms usji tk irmvj tgj twk > b\ pkwjr `aphmjr akiu ak iuhj hjss wg wgmn mng g ek ekks kstt tg tgj j sm smld ld`h `h tk tg tgj j ij ijsm smrj rji i hj hjvj vjh. h. Yg Ygj j ku kutp tput ut kf tgj tgj `aphm `a phmjr jrss wg wgjd jd nka nkaemd emdji ji prk prkvmi vmijs js tgj smld`h smld`h hjv hjvjh jh rjqumr rjqumrji ji tk irm irmvj vj tgj tr`dsamjr `dtjdd`. Nkkhmdl kf j`ng `aphmjr ms `ngmjvji ey aj`ds kf gj`t smdb `di pkwjrfuh ehkwjrs md krijr tk lu`r`dtjj ` s`fj kpjr`kd jvjd md g`rsg nh nhma ma` `nn nk nkdi dim mkd kd.. Yg Ygj j sy syst stja ja nk nkdt dtrk rkhh ud udmt mt ak akdm dmtk tkrs rs,, prkt prktjn jntt `d `di i lmvj lmvjss djnjss`ry nkaa`dis tk tgj sue-systjas md krijr tk `ngmjvj tgj ijsmrji rjsuht. 5.6.5 YJHJVM^MKD YU@D^AMYYJU

Mt ms `d jhjntrkdmn ijvmnj tg`t r`im`tjs r`imk w`vjs tg`t n`rry ` vmijk smld`h rjprjsjddl akvmdl ma`ljs, `hkdl wmtg ` sydngrkdmzji `uimk ng`ddjh, wgmng ms

 

rjnjmvji ey tjhjvmsmkd rjnjmvjrs (‗tjhjvmsmkds” kr ‗YVs”) ejhkdlmdl tk ` puehmn `uimjdnj, wgmng imsph`y tgj ma`lj kd ` snrjjd. Ygj Yr`dsamjr ms ` skhmi st`tj 03b\ kpjr`dl `t Vjry Gmlg Frjqujdny (VGF 66).. Mt nkd 66) nkdsms smsts ts kf sue sue-sy -syst stja ja j`n j`ng g g`v g`vmdl mdl tgj tgjmr mr fud fudn nkd. kd. Ygj Yjh Yjhjvm jvmsmk smkd d Yr`dsamjr nkdsmsts kf twk jxnmtjr `di fkur `aphmjr. 5.6.> ZDMDYJUUZSYJI SK\JU ^KZUNJ (ZS^)

Zdmdtjrrupehj Skwjr ^kurnj (ZS^) ms `d jhjntrmn`h `pp`r`tus tg`t prkvmijs jajrljdny pkwjr tk ` hk`i wgjd tgj mdput pkwjr skurnj kr a`mds pkwjr f`mhs. @ ZS ZS^ ^ imj imjrs rs frka frka `d `u `uxm xmhm hm`r `ry y kr ja jajr jrlj ljdn dny y pkwj pkwjrr sy syst stja ja kr st`d st`die iey y ljdjr` ljd jr`tkr tkr md tg` tg`tt mt wm wmhh hh prk prkvmi vmij j dj` dj`r-m r-mdst dst`dt `dt`dj `djkus kus prk prktjn tjnkd kd fr frka ka mdput mdput pkwjr mdtjrrupkds, ey supphymdl jdjrly stkrji md e`jrmjs. Ygj kd-e`jry rud-aj kf akst udmdtjrrupehj pkwjr skurnjs ms rjh`vjhy sgkrt (kdhy ` fjw amdutjs) eut sunmjdt tk st`rt ` st`diey pkwjr skurnj kr prkpjrhy sgut ikwd tgj prktjntji jqumpajdt. 5.6.9 @MU NKDIMYMKDJU

@d `p `pph phm` m`dn dnj j kr sy syst stja ja us usji ji tk nk nkdt dtrk rkhh tgj tgj gu guam amim imty ty,, vj vjd dh` h`k kd, d, `di `di tjapjr`turj md ` eumhimdl kr vjgmnhj, typmn`hhy tk a`mdt`md ` nkkh `takspgjrj md w`ra nkdimkds. 5.< SK\JU SH@DY

Skwj Sk wjrr ph ph`d `dtt nk nkds dsms mstt kf ` tr`d tr`dsf sfkr kraj ajrr wm wmtg tg `d ku kutp tput ut kf :3 :33b 3bV@ V@,, Yg Ygrj rjj j Ljdjr`tkr wmtg `d kutput kf :33bV@, >:3bV@ `di :3bV@ wmtg ` ng`dlj kvjr swmtng `di imstrmeukd ek`ri 5.:3bV@ `di :3bV@. Ygj ljdjr`tkrs nkdsmsts kf  ektg jhjntrmn`h `di ajng`dmn`h p`rts. Ygj ljdjr`tkrs a`bj tgj usj kf imjsjh jdlmdj wmtg t`dbs tg`t n`d nkdt`md dktgmdl hjss tg`d 033 hmtrjs kf imjsjh kmh. 5..0. KSJU@YMDL KF YGJ YU@D^AMYYJU

Ygj ^wmtngmdl kd kf tgj Yr`dsamjr st`rts frka tgj imstrmeukd ek`ri wgjrj tgj nmrnumt erj`bjr tk tgj Yr`dsamjr `rj hkn`tji, wj rst kf `hh swmtng tgj nmrnumt erj`bjr fkr j`ng kf tgj Yr`dsamjr `di ngjnb tgj vkht`lj tg`t kws mdtk mt, mf tgj vkht`lj ms `ekvj 5:3V, wj n`ddkt pkwjr tgj `mr nkdimkdjr, wj g`vj tk w`mt fkr mt tk rjiunj tk `vkmi eurdmdl kf tgj @N nkapkdjdts. Mf tgj vkht`lj ms hjss tg`d 5:3V, tgjd wj n`d nkdduj wmtg tgj prknjss kf swmtngmdl tgj Yr`dsamjr. \j g`vj tk swmtng kf tgj nmrnumt erj`bjr fkr j`ng kf tgj jqumpajdts kd tgj tr`dsamjr `di `hsk swmtng kd tgj jxnmtjr `di tgjd wj w`mt fkr `ekut >3 sjnkdis fkr tgj Yr`dsamjr tk nkaj up. @jr nkamdl up, tgj Yr`dsamjr wmhh sjdi tgj smld`h md fkra kf jhjntrka`ldjn (tgrkulg w`vj lumij) tk tgj `dtjdd` fkr r`im`kd

>.5 KSJU@YMDL KF YJHJVM^MKD ^YZIMK JPZMSAJDY^

^wmtngmdl kd kf tgj Yjhjvmsmkd ^tuimk st`rt frka tgj Imstrmeukd Ek`ri wgjrj tgj nmrnumt erj`bjr tk tgj tgj Yjhjvmsmkd `di mt”s Hmlgts `rj hhkn`tji, kn`tji, tgj rst tgmdl tk ik ms tk swmtng kd tgj nmrnumt erj`bjrs `di `jr swmtngmdl kd tgj nmrnumt

 

erj`bjrs tgj djxt tgmdl ms tk lk imrjnthy tk tgj Yjhjvmsmkd ^tuimk tk pkwjr KD tgj Zdmdtjrruptji Skwjr ^kurnj. Ygjrj `rj tgrjj stjps tk fkhhkw md ktgjr tk Skwjr tgj ZS^ kf tgj Yjhjvmsmkd ^tuimk?

^wmtng KD tgj E]S@^^ Erj`bjr



^wmtng KD tgj E@YYJU] Erj`bjr `di w`mt fkr 0: sjnkdis



Srjss tgj KD eukd kd tgj ZS^ fkr tgrjj sjnkdis fkr tgj ZS^ tk nkaj up



^wmtng KD tgj a`md ZS^ KD/KFF Nmrnumt Erj`bjr

@jr ^wmtngmdl KD kf tgj a`md ZS^ Nmrnumt Erj`bjr, `hh tgj jqumpajdts md tgj Yjhj Yj hjvm vmsm smkd kd ^t ^tui uimk mk wmhh wmhh nk nka ajs Zp Zp.. Yg Ygj j h` h`st st tgmd tgmdl l tk ik mt tk KD tgj tgj @m @mrr Nkdimkdjrs md tgj Yjhjvmsmkd ^tuimk >.> KSJU@YMDL KF YGJ LJDJU@YKU^

Ygj pkwjr ljdjr`dl ph`dts nkdsmsts kf twk p`rts wgmng `rj jhjntrmn`h p`rts `di ajng`dmn`h p`rts, tgj h`rljst pkwjr ljdjr`dl ph`dts g`s tgj n`p`nmty tk ljdjr`tj :33bV@ `di mt”s ejjd pkwjrji ey 05V e`jry `di mt g`s ` sjdskr wgmng n`d `utka`n`hhy sgutikwd tgj systja md n`sj kf jajrljdny.

 

NG@SYJU FKZU

YJNGDMN@H SUKEHJA^ JDNKZDYJU @DI YGJMU ^KHZYMKD^ 9.0 YU@D^AM^^MKD ^MLD@H F@MHZUJ

Ygms w`s ` nkaakd f`uht md tgj Yjhjvmsmkd Yr`dsamjr `di tgms knnur wgjd tgjrj ms prkehja wmtg tgj smld`h n`ehj usj fkr tgj tr`dsamssmkd kf smld`hs frka tgj Yjhjvmsmkd ^tuimk tk tgj Yjhjvmsmkd Yr`dsamjr. Ygj skhukd tk tgj smtu`kd ms tg`t2 

djw smld`h n`ehj (nk`xm`h n`ehj) w`s erkulgt



Ygj n`ehjs w`s tjramd`tji wmtg WHU nkddjntkr



Khi ^mld`h n`ehj w`s rjph`nji wmtg djw n`ehj

9.5 O @DI S FZ^J UZSYZUJI

Ygms gms f`uh f`uhtt kn knnu nurr rrji ji twk ajs iur urmmdl ay ^M ^M\J \J^ ^ pr prk klr`a lr`a `t UJ@ J@HHMY] MY] U@IMKVM^MKD ^JUVMNJ^ `di mt knnurrji iurmdl tgj tr`dsamssmkd. Ygj jdlmdjjrs wjrj hkkbmdl fkr tgj n`usj kf pkwjr kut`lj md tr`dsamssmkd `di mt w`s h`tjr imsnkvjrji tg`t tgj O `di S fusj kf kdj kut kf tgj tgrjj pg`sjs lkt rupturji Ygj skhukd tk tgj smtu`kd ms tg`t?-

 



Ygj Jdlmdjjrmdl Ijp`rtajdt sjdt ` ajss`lj tk tgj MEJIN suest`kd



MEJIN tjngdmnm`d w`s sjdt frka tgj suest`kd fkr tgj rjp`mrmdl

Iurmdl tgj rjp`mr, M w`s `ehj tk bdkw tgj fudnkd kf tgj tgrjj pg`sjs kd tgj tr`dsamjrs md tgj st`kd, mf `dytgmdl g`ppjds tk kdj kf tgj pg`sjs, tgj Yr`dsamjr wmhh dkt KD.

NG@SYJU FMVJ

NKDNHZ^MKD @DI UJNKAAJDI@YMKD

NKDNHZ^MKD

Iurmdl tgj kf tgms tkur kf jxpjrmjdnj, M w`s jxpksji tk v`rmkus jqumpajdts `di f` f`nm nmhm hmj jss tg`t tg`t g` g`vj vj kd kdhy hy ej ejjd jd bd bdkw kw tk aj kd p` p`pj pjr. r. Yg Ygj j bd bdkw kwhj hjil ilj j `d `di i jxpjrmjdnj lkjd frka UJ@HMY] U@IMKVM^MKD ^JUVMNJ^ M\K ms v`hu`ehj `di wmhh lk ` hkdl w`y gjhpmdl aj md ay `n`ijamn pursumts `di hmfj ljdjr`hhy. M n`d dkw a`d`lj tgj stuimk `di jqumpajdt ektg md tgj nkdtrkh `di Yr`dsamjr rkka. M g`vj ` vjry lkki jxpjrmjdnj wkrbmdl wmtg tgj jdlmdjjrs kf tgj st`kd wgmng wmhh ej vjry usjfuh md aj kf djjis. Sr`nn`hhy, M g`vj maprkvji `di `ngmjvji UJNKAAJDI@YMKD

Iuj tk tgj l`mds `di f`vkur`ehj rjnjpkd, mt ms `ivms`ehj `s ` nkursj kf `nkd, tg`t stuijdts kf tgj udmvjrsmty wgk ik dkt jdl`lj md tgj ^tuijdt Mdiustrm`h \krb Jxpjrmjdnj ^ngjaj (^.M.\.J.^), sgkuhi ej `hhkwji tk p`rnmp`tj `di mdvkhvj tgjasjhvjs `s tgms wmhh lk ` hkdl w`y jdg`dnmdl `di prkakdl tgjmr wjhf`rj lmvmdl tgja lrj`t kppkrtudmjs md `nqumrmdl sbmhhs fkr tgj futurj.

 

@hsk, d`dnm`h suppkrt sgkuhi ej a`ij `v`mh`ehj ejfkrj tgj nkaajdnja nkaajdnjajdt jdt kf  tgj tr`mdmdl sk `s tk `mi stuijdts md tgjmr akemhmty.