Origen de La Agricultura y La Actividad Pre-Agraria

 

 

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AEZKPXCD K7 HQUXHBE @H KO\HQPKNEAKDO @H CE EAPK\K@E@ ZVH ENVEVKE [ DVKNHO @H CE ENVKAXCPXVE. 5.5. 

KOPVD@XAAKDO

Ce enrkaucture puh`h shr `hlkok`e adbd ce prd`uaakño, prdahsebkhotd, adbhrakeckzeakño y `kstrkfuakño `h auctkvds y prd`uatds `h neoe`d, skho`d hsth ado adoahptd bd`hrod ye quh eothrkdrbhoth sh adoahfâe adbd uo tërbkod hxacuskvd meake cds auctkvds vhnhtechs. Ce enrkaucture `hshbphõe uo pephc aruakec ho ce hadodbâe `h uo peâs9 hs ce adcuboe vhrthfrec `h ouhstrd sksthbe hadoñbkad9 od sñcd prdpdrakdoe eckbhotds y bethrkes prkbes, skod tebfkëo dpdrtuok`e`hs `h hbpchd e uoe kbpdrteoth aeotk`e` `h pdfceakño. @hs`h tkhbpds eoahstrechs, nreakes e ce enrkaucture, phrd sdfrh td`d e trevës `hc `dbkokd `h ces tëaokaes `h auctkvd `hc suhcd pere ce dfthoakño adotrdce`e `h vhnhtechs, sh hoadotrñ ce sdcuakño pere hc efesthakbkhotd rhnucer `h cds shrhs mubeods, y ado hccd, ce rh`uaakño `h ce bdrteck`e` `h cds bksbds. @h hsth bd`d, nreakes ec prdnrhsd sdakec y hadoñbkad quh supusd hc subkokstrd `h eckbhoteakño, y pdsthrkdrbhoth, hc `hserrdccd `hc adbhrakd, sh adosknukñ, pdr adosknukhoth, hc kbpucsd ohahserkd pere hc arhakbkhotd hadoñbkad `h cds peâshs. Ce enrkaucture hs, pdr teotd, uoe perth luo`ebhotec `hc shatdr hadoñbkad prkberkd guotd ado ce neoe`hrâe, y hs uoe fesh kbpdrteoth pere hc arhakbkhotd `h ce hadodbâe `h cds peâshs. Ho ce eatueck`e` bkccdohs `h phrsdoes sh susthoteo nreakes e ce enrkaucture, tec y adbd ko`kaeo cds ÷ctkbds koldrbhs hcefdre`ds pdr ce Drneokzeakño `h ces Oeakdohs Xok`es pere ce Eckbhoteakño y ce Enrkaucture, ldbhoteo`d ce shnurk`e` eckbhoterke h kbpucseo`d ces hadodbâes `h cds peâshs ho vâes `h `hserrdccd. `hserrdcc d. Esâ, ces pdcâtkaes enrâadces, ho td`ds sus åbfktds oeakdoec, rhnkdoec d kothroeakdoec sh meo adovhrtk`d ho mhrrebkhotes kbprhsako`kfchs pere hc `hserrdccd `h cds peâshs ho nhohrec, euoquh, sdfrh td`d, pere cds peâshs bhods `hserrdcce`ds9 puhs sdo cds bh`kds bås hlkaeahs pere ce rh`uaakño `h ce pdfrhze ho hstes århes, skho`d uoe luhoth prkberke `h eckbhotds y `h hbpchd pere ce pdfceakño `h ces c es bksbes. @h mhamd, adbd sh buhstre e trevës `hc hsluhrzd kbpchbhote`d pdr hstes pdcâtkaes `h beohre kothnrec, ce kbpdrteoake `h ce enrkaucture, pd`hbds adoacukr, od rhsk`h ho uoe `h sus luoakdohs ho pertkaucer, skod quh re`kae ho hc `hserrdccd y ado`kakdoebkhotd ho sus trhs vhrtkhoths, ebfkhotec, hadoñbkad y sdakec, `h beohre quh ëstes sdo kothr`hpho`khoths hotrh sâ. Ce enrkaucture tuvd uoe nreo kbpdrteoake ho ce akvkckzeakño, luh ce quh phrbktkñ quh hc mdbfrh od luhre oñbe`e y peserå e shr sh`hoterkd, `h hste beohre sh hbphzerdo e ldrber cds prkbhrds pkcerhs `h ce akvkckzeakño. ENVKAXCPXVE ‑ CE DVKNHO @H CE ENVKAXCPXVE ‑  CE EAPK\K@E@ ZVH ENVEVKE  ENVEVKE  

 

Hc surnkbkhotd `h ce enrkaucture hs qukzås uod `h cds prdahsds bås rhvdcuakdoerkds `h ce mkstdrke `h ce mubeok`e`. Ce enrkaucture aebfkñ ce ldrbe `h eckbhoterods y `h vkvkr. Pebfkëo aebfkñ cds hadsksthbes y cds thrrktdrkds y arhñ ces ado`kakdohs bethrkechs pere td`ds cds prdahsds pdsthrkdrhs `h ldrbeakño `h cds `kstkotds puhfcds y sus ldrbes `h shr y vkvkr, koacuk`ds cds prdahsds quh cchverdo e ce ldrbeakño `h aceshs sdakechs y cd quh meste mdy sh `hodbkoe –prdahsds akvkckzetdrkds‒. Qko ce enrkaucture, ouhstre hsphakh mubeoe pd`râe mefhr sdfrhvkvk`d sñcd adbd ecnuods akhotds `h bkccdohs `h phrsdoes rhpertk`ds pdr hc buo`d d, koacusd, pd`râe mefhrsh hxtkonuk`d. Ae`e `âe sh sefh bås `h cds drânhohs `h ce enrkaucture, e bh`k`e quh cds bëtd`ds akhotâlkads `h hstu`kd `h rhstds mkstñrkads y prhmkstñrkads sh phrlhaakdoeo. Zhrd hs td`evâe uoe mkstdrke e ph`ezds, quh e`hbås ce kothrprhteo y ce auhoteo phrsdoes prkoakpecbhoth mdbfrhs quh pdad d oe`e sefho `h ce pråatkae `h ce enrkaucture, `hc auk`e`d y hc trefegd eõd tres eõd, `h ce shchaakño `h pceotes, shbkcces y eokbechs, `h `hpho`hr `hc ackbe, `h rhadchater, `h nuer`er pere hc prñxkbd akacd, `h adakoer y eckbhoter sefrdsebhoth ado cd quh mey, `h eprdvhamer td`d cd quh sh puh`e, `h ce kobhose `kvhrsk`e` quh sh hoauhotre ho cds aebpds y ho ces bhses. Zdr cd bksbd, buames vhahs hs uoe mkstdrke quh perhah thohr buy pdae rhceakño ado ce enrkaucture aebphskoe h ko`ânhoe quh adodahbds mdy. E`hbås `h mefcer `h cd quh ce akhoake ods `kah, rhceakdoerhbds ce mkstdrke ado cds sefhrhs aebphskods y sdfrh td`d ado cds sefhrhs `h ces bughrhs aebphskoes pdrquh hsd phrbkth hotho`hr bhgdr añbd me sk`d y hs ce mkstdrke `h cds auk`e`ds quh beotkhoho vkve ce arheakño `h ce enrkaucture. Ce enrkaucture tre`kakdoec fdckvkeoe rhlkhrh e equhcce ho ce quh sh utkckzeo mhrrebkhotes `h auctkvd acåskaes techs adbd ce mdz d hc eze`ño, ce treaakño e seonrh y cds phrâd`ds `h skhbfre y adshame oeturechs uoe sdce adshame eouec. Meakho`d acere ce vhrsetkck`e` `hc thbe ado rhceakño e ce kbpdrteoake `h ce enrkaucture ho hc buo`d y ho Fdckvke meakho`d odter quh pdr su bksbe kbpdrteoake `hfhbds sefhr añbd surnh y auåchs y aueotds sdo cds phrkd`ds bås kbpdrteoths esâ adbd tebfkëo sus mkpñthsks `hc surnkbkhotd `h ce bksbe.

5.6. 

BEVAD ADOAHZPXEC

Ce enrkaucture hs hc erth `hc auctkvd y hxpcdteakño `h ce tkhrre ado hc dfghtd `h dfthohr prd`uatds ado lkohs mubeods d ado `hstkod e cds eokbechs `dbëstkads. Hxkstho verke`es `ksakpckoes y td`e uoe kolrehstruature enrâadce, akhotâlkae h ko`ustrkec ecrh`h`dr `h hstes eatkvk`e`hs. Qh koacuyho ho hstes pråatkaes hc hstu`kd, eado`kakdoebkhotd `h ces tkhrres, auctkvd, `hserrdccd, rhadchaakño, treosldrbeakño, `kstrkfuakño, hta. Qh trete `h uoe eatkvk`e` buy eotknue, ado drknho ho ce prhmkstdrke, y hs eatuecbhoth uo shatdr hadoñbkad ko`ksphosefch y luo`ebhotec ho ce eckbhoteakño buo`kec. ENVKAXCPXVE ‑ CE DVKNHO @H CE ENVKAXCPXVE ‑  CE EAPK\K@E@ ZVH ENVEVKE  ENVEVKE  

 

Qh hstkbe quh ce enrkaucture sh me `hserrdcce`d `hs`h meah uods =.::: e 5:.::: eõds. @hs`h hotdoahs td`ds cds puhfcds `h ce Pkhrre meo rhadodak`d hc vecdr quh ces pceotes auctkve`es tkhoho pere ce eckbhoteakño mubeoe y `h cds eokbechs `dbëstkads. Ecnuods vhnhtechs sh meo mhamd tre`kakdoechs ho buamds peâshs, h koacusd ho `hthrbkoe`ds `h hccds sh meo adovhrtk`d ho bdodauctkvds, y ho ce c e luhoth bås kbpdrteoth `h konrhsds. Hotrh ces verke`es prd`uaakdohs enrâadces, sh `kstkonuho ecnuods prd`uatds buy kbpdrteoths pere hc shr mubeod, techs adbd cds ahrhechs, trknd, beâz, ahothod, errdz, aeõe `h ez÷aer, rhbdceame ezuaerhre, eahkth, vhr`ures y lrutes. Ho aueotd e ce eckbhoteakño eokbec, sdo kbpdrteotâskbds cds pkhosds e fesh `h nreods `h ce sdge, beâz ldrreghrd y sdrnd. Od td`es ces prd`uaakdohs enrâadces tkhoho vecdr eckbhoterkd, tebfkëo hxkstho oubhrdsds auctkvds `h`kae`ds e prd`uakr bethrkes pere ce ko`ustrke, techs adbd hc aeuamd, shbkcces dchenkodses pere lefrkaer pkotures d adbpuhstds quâbkads skotëtkads, pceotes pere ce dfthoakño `h lkfres, hta. Qh rhadodah hc vecdr `h ce enrkaucture ec adbprdfer quh aesk ce bkte` `h ce pdfceakño buo`kec sh `h`kae e hste eatkvk`e`, euoquh hs akhrtd quh su `kstrkfuakño hs buy verkefch. Esâ, bkhotres quh ho Ålrkae y Eske suphreo hc pdr akhotd9 y ho cds peâshs `h ce Lh`hreakño Vuse y cds honcdfe`ds ho ce eotknue Xokño Qdvkëtkae ecaeoze hc 58 pdr akhotd. Mdy sh tkho`h e `er pdr shote`d quh hs hc auctkvd ‐ce skhbfre, hc auk`e`d, ce adshame‐ adshame‐ `h pceotes `dbhstkae`es y ce arkeoze `h eokbechs knuecbhoth `dbhstkae`ds. Zhrd ho sus kokakds ce enrkaucture od sh mkzd ado pceotes `dbhstkae`es ok ado eokbechs `dbhstkae`ds. Ec prkoakpkd, adoskstkñ ho hc auk`e`d y/d skhbfre `h pceotes skcvhstrhs y ho hc hoakhrrd perakec `h eokbechs beosds phrd od `dbhstkae`ds. Meste hc `âe `h mdy ce enrkaucture koacuyh pceotes od `dbhstkae`es, adbd ecnuoes pceotes bh`kakoechs, mdrteckzes skcvhstrhs, årfdchs, htaëthre. Equâ utkckzebds uoe `hlkokakño ebpcke `h ce enrkaucture pere koacukr auecqukhr ldrbe `h auk`e`d y beohgd `h pceotes y eokbechs pdr perth `h cds shrhs mubeods ado hc lko `h dfthohr eckbhotd, bh`kakoes, be`hre, lkfres y dtrds hchbhotds quh sh adosk`hrho ohahserkds. Fuhoe perth `h cds akhotâlkads kosksth ho quh surnkñ prd`uatd `h `hsaufrkbkhotds mhamds ec ezer, aesk `h ce suhrth9 y quh qukhohs –kovhoterdo‒ ce enrkaucture od sefâeo fkho cd quh meaâeo. Zhrd ec vhr ce rkquhze y adbpchgk`e` `h cd arhe`d hs kbpdskfch eahpter hse bkre`e. ENVKAXCPXVE ‑ CE DVKNHO @H CE ENVKAXCPXVE ‑  CE EAPK\K@E@ ZVH ENVEVKE  ENVEVKE  

 

Zdr hghbpcd, hc pephc `h ces shbkcces ho ce rhprd`uaakño `h ces pceotes luh uo `hsaufrkbkhotd mhamd pdr ces bughrhs quh ces rhadchatefeo, phrd hsd rhqukhrh dfshrveakño auk`e`dse, od bhrd ezer. Zdr dtrd ce`d, ces ldrbes `h kr shchaakdoeo`d, adbfkoeo`d auctkvds, aruzeo`d pceotes, `hthrbkoeo`d ces lhames `h skhbfre, kovhoteo`d mhrrebkhotes, prdfeo`d sksthbes `h rkhnd, arheo`d `kvhrses ldrbes `h usd, od puh`ho surnkr pdr pure suhrth, eaak`hoth d adkoak`hoake, skod quh sdo lrutd `h ce hxphrkbhoteakño rhkthre`e, `h ce dfshrveakño y uoe audte od bhodr `h kovhotkve h konhokd. Hc ezer y ce suhrth sdo leatdrhs prhshoths ho td`d eprho`kzegh, phrd sñcd sh puh`ho eprdvhamer sk mey qukhohs dfshrvho ado ethoakño y cuhnd epckquho cd c d eprho`k`d `h beohre arhetkve y auk`e`dse. Hstds auk`e`ds prdfefchbhoth od luhrdo buy `klhrhoths `h cds quh mdy meaho ces auk`e`dres, nuer`keoes d aure`dres `h shbkcces, y quh adoskstho ho uoe rhceakño y adovhrseakño kothrbkoefch ado cds auctkvds, ado cds eokbechs, ado ouhstrd thrrktdrkd. Xoe adovhrseakño krrhphtkfch y vkve, phrd tebfkëo adchatkve.

5.1. 

BEVAD @DAPVKOEC

Ce enrkaucture sh `hlkoh adbd –hc erth `h auctkver ce tkhrre‒ prdvkhoh `hc cetâo enhr, enrk (aebpd) y aucture (auctkvd). Hs uoe eatkvk`e` quh sh daupe `h ce prd`uaakño `h auctkvd `hc suhcd, hc `hserrdccd y rhadnk`e`h`h ces adshames, ce hxpcdteakño `h fdsquhs y shcves (skcvkaucture), ce arâe y `hserrdccd neoe`d. Hstefchahr hc drknho htkbdcñnkad `h ce pecefre enrkaucture ods cchve meste hc cetâo puhs ho `kame chonue hs `do`h sh hoauhotre hc puotd `h pertk`e `hc oeakbkhotd `h ce akte`e. Ho adoarhtd, pd`hbds vhr quh prdah`h `hc vdaefcd enrkaucture, quh hstå adoldrbe`d pdr ce sube `h `ds perths7 hc tërbkod enrk quh hs skoñokbd `h –aebpd `h auctkvd‒ y hc adoahptd aucture quh puh`h tre`uakrsh adbd –auctkvd d auctkve`d‒.  auctkve`d‒.   Ce enrkaucture hs ce cefreoze d auctkvd `h ce tkhrre h koacuyh td`ds cds trefegds rhceakdoe`ds ec tretebkhotd `hc suhcd y e ce pceoteakño `h vhnhtechs. Ces eatkvk`e`hs enrâadces suhcho hster `hstkoe`es e ce prd`uaakño `h eckbhotds y e ce dfthoakño `h vhr`ures, lrutes, mdrteckzes y ahrhechs. Ce enrkaucture kbpckae ce treosldrbeakño `hc bh`kd ebfkhoth pere setksleahr ces ohahsk`e`hs `hc mdbfrh. Hste aepeak`e` hs ce quh `klhrhoake ec shr mubeod `hc rhstd `h cds shrhs vkvds. Hc surnkbkhotd `h ce enrkaucture luh uo pesd acevh ho hc `hserrdccd `h ce mubeok`e`. Cds mkstdrke`drhs elkrbeo quh, ho hc phrkd`d Ohdcâtkad, hc mdbfrh pesñ `h ce aeze, ce phsae y ce rhadchaakño e ces eatkvk`e`hs enrâadces y neoe`hres. Hc trknd y ce ahfe`e mefrâeo sk`d ces prkbhres pceotes auctkve`es. Qh arhh quh ces phrsdoes adbhozerdo e `hserrdccer ce enrkaucture e pertkr `h akhrtds aebfkds ackbåtkads quh vdcvkhrdo ce thbphreture bås thbpce`e y e ce hsaeshz `h ce aeze y cds eckbhotds `h rhadchaakño ho akhrtes rhnkdohs. ENVKAXCPXVE ‑ CE DVKNHO @H CE ENVKAXCPXVE ‑  CE EAPK\K@E@ ZVH ENVEVKE  ENVEVKE  

 

Qk ho equhc bdbhotd ce enrkaucture sh adovkrtkñ ho uoe eatkvk`e` hadoñbkae luo`ebhotec pere ce sufsksthoake `h ce pdfceakño, tebfkëo suah`kñ cd bksbd ho dtres htepes mkstñrkaes adbd shrâe hc aesd, pdr hghbpcd, `h ce Eotknue Vdbe. [ hs quh ho equhc hotdoahs sh epdstefe pdr hc auctkvd `h chnubkodses, ahrhechs y mdrteckzes. Pd`d hccd bh`keoth ce utkckzeakño luo`ebhotecbhoth `hc adodak`d ere`d rdbeod, quh hre tkre`d pdr fuhyhs. Hs kbpdrteoth `hsteaer quh ho hsth bdbhotd oeakhrdo y sh `hserrdccerdo `kstkotes tëaokaes y sksthbes quh sh adovkrtkhrdo ho luo`ebhotechs `hotrd `h ce enrkaucture. Hsth shrâe hc aesd `h verkds bëtd`ds `h efdod, `h prhoses `h eahkth y `hc sksthbe `h ferfhamd. Xo tërbkod hsth ado hc quh vkhoh e hxprhsersh quh uoe tkhrre ho adoarhtd od sh auctkve `ureoth uod d `ds akacds vhnhtetkvds ado hc acerd dfghtkvd `h quh cuhnd, aueo`d sh vuhcve e shbfrer, hstë ho ces bhgdrhs ado`kakdohs pdskfch. pdskfc h. Ado ce enrkaucture, arhakñ ce `kspdokfkck`e` `h eckbhotds y eubhotñ ce aeotk`e` `h pdfceakño ho td`d hc buo`d. Zdr dtre perth, supusd quh ces sdakh`e`hs sh vuhcveo sh`hoterkes y hbpkhaho e adosk`hrer ce c e prdpkh`e` prkve`e sdfrh fkhohs kobuhfchs. kobuhfchs. E`hbås `h td`d cd hxpuhstd mey quh sufreyer quh hxkstho buamds tkpds `h enrkaucture hotrh cds quh `hsteaeo ce `h shaeod, quh sh rheckze sko enue puhs ce tkhrre eprdvhame sus enues sufthrråohes y ce `h ce ccuvke, y `h ce `h rhne`âd, ho ce quh hc enrkauctdr sâ eõe`h enue ec thrrhod. Ho ce eatueck`e`, cds trefege`drhs enrâadces meaho usd `h ce thaodcdnâe y `h ce konhokhrâe nhoëtkae pere bhgdrer ce prd`uatkvk`e` `hc suhcd y `h cds auctkvds. Koacusd ce akhoake me cdnre`d quh ces shbkcces sheo bås rhsksthoths e ces pcenes y puh`eo e`eptersh e `kstkotds ackbes y suhcds.

5.0.  k. 

kk. 

BEVAD GXVK@KAD CHNEC Ce Chy `hc Bh`kd Ebfkhoth Oº 5111 prdbucne`e hc 6> `h efrkc `h 5;;6 hs `h aeråathr nhohrec. Qu dfghtkvd luo`ebhotec hs prdthnhr y adoshrver hc Bh`kd Ebfkhoth sko elhater hc `hserrdccd `hc peâs, prdaureo`d bhgdrer ce aeck`e` `h vk`e `h ce pdfceakño. Chy `h @hrhamds `h ce Be`rh Pkhrre, Chy :>5 `hc 65 `h @kakhbfrh, 6:5:.

kkk. 

Chy =:568 `h Efrkc, 6:5< `hc "Prete`d Kothroeakdoec sdfrh cds Vhaursds Lktdnhoëtkads pere ce Eckbhoteakño y ce Enrkaucture", e`dpte`d `ureoth ce Prknëskbe Zrkbhre Qhskño `h ce Adolhrhoake `h ce Drneokzeakño `h ces Oeakdohs Xok`es pere ce Enrkaucture y ce Eckbhoteakño, hc :1/55/6::5.

kv. 

Chy 11=6< `h Hohrd, 6:51, Chy `h DHAEQ y `h DHADB pere ce Kothnreakño `h ce Enrkaucture Lebkcker Qusthotefch y ce Qdfhreoâe Eckbhoterke.

v. 

Chy 18086= `h Odvkhbfrh, 6::58 Vhado`uaakño `h ce Vhldrbe Enrerke ENVKAXCPXVE ‑ CE DVKNHO @H CE ENVKAXCPXVE ‑  CE EAPK\K@E@ ZVH ENVEVKE  ENVEVKE  

 

5.8.  k.  kk.  kkk. 

5.. 

DFGHPK\DQ @hthrbkoer ces `ds mkpñthsks `hc drknho `h ce enrkaucture. Hstu`kd y eoåcksks `h ces thdrâes eoace`es ec thbe. Zdstuce`d pdr ce thdrâe bås adoarhte `hc drknho `h ce enrkaucture.

ZCEOPHEBKHOPD @HC ZVDFCHBE ´Zdr quë sh prhshoteo sdcd `ds mkpñthsks, sdfrh hc drknho `h ce enrkaucture4 ´Auåc hs ce mkpñthsks bås rhprhshotetkve `hotrd `hc drknho `h ce enrkaucture4

GXQPKLKAEAKDO

  Qh `hthrbkoe ce prkbhre mkpñthsks – ´Zdr quë sh prhshoteo sdcd `ds mkpñthsks, sdfrh hc drknho `h ce enrkaucture4‒, e rezño `h quh hs prhaksd pere hc thbe hc eoåcksks `h hstes `ds thdrâes y `hthrbkoer quh e kovhoakño `h ce enrkaucture, meah uods 5:.::: eõds, shotñ ces feshs pere hc `hserrdccd `h ces akvkckzeakdohs ho hc Zrñxkbd Drkhoth. Qko hbfernd, cds erquhñcdnds `ksarhpeo sdfrh ce ldrbe ho quh suah`kñ. Ecnuods `kaho quh surnkñ ho uo sdcd cuner ahrae `hc Bh`kthrråohd, y sh hxtho`kñ `hs`h eccâ. Dtrds ernubhoteo quh tuvd b÷ctkpchs drânhohs ko`hpho`khoths, uo puotd `h vkste quh hstå rhakfkho`d ouhvd epdyd nreakes e cds mecceznds rhakhoths `h Q. Vkhmc, `h ce Xokvhrsk`e` `h Pufkone, y sus adcefdre`drhs ho uo yeakbkhotd enrâadce ho Kråo.

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Qurnkhre ce enrkaucture ho uoe d bås daeskdohs, sh sefh quh cd mkzd ho hc Arhakhoth Lërtkc, uoe ebpcke rhnkño quh sh hxtkho`h `hs`h hc Ber Bh`kthrråohd meste Kråo. Ce beydrâe `h ces kovhstkneakdohs `h ces ÷ctkbes `ëae`es sh meo ahotre`d ho ce perth daak`hotec `h hse rhnkño, quh koacuyh Ksrehc, Zechstkoe, Qkrke, Gdr`eoke y Purquâe `h ouhstrds `âes. Hxaeveakdohs rhakhoths ho hses zdoes sunkhrho quh cds aeze`drhs rhadchatdrhs adbhozerdo e rhuokr y shbfrer shbkcces `h ahrhechs y chnubkodses skcvhstrhs, adbd hc trknd, ce ahfe`e y chothges, meah ye 51.::: eõds. Pres auctkverces uods pdads bkchs `h eõds, ces ldrbes skcvhstrhs `h hses pceotes buterdo ho ouhves hsphakhs `dbhstkae`es, bås låakchs `h beohger y adshamer, cd quh mkzd ce enrkaucture bås prd`uatkve y hlkakhoth. Meste meah pdad, cds puhfcds enrâadces bås eotknuds mefâeo sk`d `hsaufkhrtds ho Zechstkoe, Qkrke y hc hsth `h Purquâe, `do`h cds erquhñcdnds, bh`keoth `eteakño pdr re`kdaerfdod, `hthrbkoerdo ho uods 5:.8:: eõds ce h`e` `h ces prkbhres hsphakhs `dbhstkae`es. Zhrd sdcd sh adodaâeo uods pdads yeakbkhotds quh cchnereo cc hnereo bås ec hsth, meste Kråo.   Ho ce shnuo`e perth –´Auåc hs ce mkpñthsks bås rhprhshotetkve `hotrd `hc drknho `h ce enrkaucture4‒. Hc tebeõd `h ces uok`e`hs `h hxpcdteakño enrdphauerke elhate `h ldrbe `krhate ces phrsphatkves `hc `hserrdccd enrerkd y, pdr teotd, `hc urfeod. Ces hxphrkhoakes y prdpuhstes thñrkad-pråatkaes adodak`es ho Ebërkae Cetkoe, bh`keoth ces `hodbkoe`es

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rhldrbes enrerkes tkho`ho e prdfer quh ce hxpcdteakño bkokluo`kste ho hxthoskdohs knuechs d kolhrkdrhs e akoad mhatårhes adostktuyh uo dfståaucd pere prd`uakr e fegds adstds ENVKAXCPXVE ‑ CE DVKNHO @H CE ENVKAXCPXVE ‑  CE EAPK\K@E@ ZVH ENVEVKE  ENVEVKE  

 

sdakechs. Hste sktueakño sh enreve aueo`d, e`hbås, adbpkth `h beohre eskbëtrkae ado hxpcdteakdohs adbhrakechs aeuseo`d quh, ho hc bh`keod pcezd, cds hbprhserkds quh hxpcdteo ce tkhrre ado ecn÷o nre`d `h reakdoeck`e` sh vheo hxpucse`ds `hc aebpd. Ce hstrethnke sdcd me adotrkfuk`d e enrever hc okvhc prdbh`kd `h pdfrhze rurec (fegds konrhsds, sdfrhpdfceakño, knodreoake, vkdchoake y hbknreakño hxpucskve e ces aku`e`hs) y, pdr ho`h, ce urfeoe (eckbhotds e ectds prhakds, `hshbpchd y vkdchoake urfeoe). Ecrh`h`dr `hc `hfeth sh meo adosdck`e`d `ds hsauhces7 ce `hlhosdre `hc hsquhbe tre`kakdoeckste `h ce eatkvk`e` enrdphauerke y ce quh ebpere uo hsquhbe bd`hrokste. Ce tre`kakdoeckste, eutd`hodbkoe`e ouhve rureck`e`, sh outrh `h ces kostktuakdohs kothroeakdoechs arhe`es pere hchver hc okvhc `h `hserrdccd enrdphauerkd sdsthokho`d ce k`he `h quh hc aebpd hs uoe hsphakh `h rhahptåaucd peskvd `h akhrte pucskño fuañckae `h cds mefkteoths urfeods `hc pceohte. Hstds thñrkads, eadbd`e`ds ho dsthotdses dlkakoes cdaeckze`es ho ces nreo`hs aku`e`hs, meo prdsphre`d vho`kho`d ce k`he `h quh hc bhgdr sktkd `h cds aebphskods hs hc aebpd, sko quh kbpdrth su okvhc `h konrhsd rhec, hbpchd prd`uatkvd, eclefhtksbd, seok`e`, lhauo`k`e` y auctkvd `h espkreakdohs `h prdnrhsd ko`kvk`uec y adchatkvd9 y, eoth td`d, knodreo`d `h beohre adosakhoth quh ces hxphrkhoakes `hc Zrkbhr Buo`d meo prdfe`d pdr skncds ce koadosksthoake `h sus pceothebkhotds, `e`d quh eccâ sh leakcktñ quh ce pdfceakño aebphskoe sdfreoth pdr hc `hserrdccd thaodcñnkad hbknrere e ces aku`e`hs y sh adovkrtkhre ho shbkcce `h ahotrds urfeods quh dphreo ado petrdohs `h bhgdr reakdoeck`e` hadoñbkae. Hc ertâaucd pruhfe quh hstds pceothebkhotds sdo lecsds.

5.=. 

MKZDPHQKQ

Ce enrkaucture adbhozñ `ureoth hc Ohdcâtkad, meah uods 5:.::: eõds, y emdre, uo ouhvd hstu`kd sunkhrh quh hc kokakd y hxthoskño `h hse pråatkae od luh dfre `h uo ÷okad nrupd, skod quh sh prd`ugd ho b÷ctkpchs pdfceakdohs ahraeoes, phrd nhoëtkaebhoth `klhrhoake`es. @ño`h y añbd sh drknkoñ ce c e treoskakño `h aeze`drhs-rhadchatdrhs e ce enrkaucture sh`hoterke hs dfghtd `h `hfeth y cds rhsucte`ds `h uo ouhvd hstu`kd quh pufckae hsth guhvhs 'Qakhoah' epdyeo ce mkpñthsks `h quh ce aucture enrâadce sh hxtho`kñ pdr Hurdpe, Ålrkae y Eske e pertkr `h verkes luhoths `h pdfceakño. "Qh mefâe `e`d pdr shote`d quh cds prkbhrds aebphskods phrthohaâeo e uoe pdfceakño ÷okae y nhoëtkaebhoth mdbdnëohe. Qko hbfernd, mhbds `hsaufkhrtd mefâe prdluo`es `klhrhoakes nhoëtkaes hotrh hses prkbhres pdfceakdohs `h enrkauctdrhs,quh cd quh ko`kae eoahstrds buy `klhrhoths"

5.;. 

ADBZVDFEAKDO [ @HBDQPVEAKDO @H CE MKZDPHQKQ

Ado ce enrkaucture sh arherdo ces feshs hadoñbkaes y ces sktueakdohs sdakechs prdpkakes pere hc surnkbkhotd `h ces sdakh`e`hs hstetechs. Ce aepeak`e` `h prd`uakr eckbhotds chs phrbktkñ eubhoter su adotrdc sdfrh ce oeturechze y buctkpckaersh. Cds kokakds `h ce enrkaucture eahchrerdo ces koodveakdohs thaodcñnkaes. Aebfkds ho ce drneokzeakño sdakec. Cds mkstdrke`drhs elkrbefeo quh cds prkbhrds puhfcds enrâadces `hfkhrdo `h mefhr mefkte`d ho ce bksbe zdoe daupe`e pdsthrkdrbhoth pdr ces prkbhres akvkckzeakdohs quh adodakhrdo ce hsarkture. Aeo`dcch (5==0) prdpusd 8 ado`kakdohs pere k`hotklkaer uoe zdoe adbd hc hbpcezebkhotd `hc prkbhr kothotd `h `dbhstkaeakño7 ENVKAXCPXVE ‑ CE DVKNHO @H CE ENVKAXCPXVE ‑  CE EAPK\K@E@ ZVH ENVEVKE  ENVEVKE  

 

  Uuh `kame hsphakh meye arhak`d eccâ ho hste`d skcvhstrh.   Uuh hc ackbe she thbpce`d.   Uuh `ureoth ecnuoe perth `hc eõd sh prd`uzae shquâe eadbpeõe`e `h thbphretures hchve`es.   Uuh hc mdbfrh sh meye hstefchak`d eccâ   Uuh ce aeze, ce phsae p hsae d ce rhadchaakño `h pceotes she kosulkakhoth pere eckbhoter uoe adbuok`e` mubeoe.

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Ecnuoes ldrbes `h trknd sh auctkverdo pdr prkbhre vhz ho hc vecch `hc Hulreths9 bkhotres quh ce `dbhstkaeakño `h ce hsprkcce sh rheckzñ ho Qhrfke, Nrhake y Eoetdcke, y ce `h ce ahfe`e ho ces zdoes thbpce`es `hc daak`hoth eskåtkad quh ckbkteo ado hc ber Vdgd, hc ber Aespkd y hc Aåuaesd. Hc Zrñxkbd Drkhoth luh uod `h cds c ds prkbhrds ahotrds `h `dbhstkaeakño `hc buo`d. Hxkstho `etds pere sunhrkr quh ce vk`e `h cds prkbhrds enrkauctdrhs hre `klâakc. Ce prd`uatkvk`e` verkefe shn÷o ce aueotâe `h ces ccuvkes y `h cds `eõds aeuse`ds pdr ces pcenes. Hc nreod ecbeahoe`d sh vhâe ebhoeze`d pdr hc luhnd, hc enue, cds koshatds y cds rdh`drhs. Eperkakño `h holhrbh`e`hs mubeoes. Xoe vhz sh kotrd`uah ce enrkaucture, hc o÷bhrd `h pceotes y eokbechs secveghs `ksbkouyh, y pdr cd teotd, `hgeo `h shr rhaursds ecthroetkvds e ce eckbhoteakño. Zere ces adbuok`e`hs ado eaahsd e `hoses encdbhreakdohs `h ahrhec skcvhstrh, ce enrkaucture od hre uoe ohahsk`e`. Ce enrkaucture sh trete `h td`e uoe shrkh `h rhceakdohs ouhves hotrh hc mdbfrh, ce tkhrre, ce vhnhteakño y cds eokbechs. Kbpckae ce treoskakño e uo hadsksthbe tdtecbhoth `klhrhoth y adbpdrte uo ouhvd dr`ho `h rhceakdohs hstruaturechs hotrh cds pertkakpeoths. Ce kotrd`uaakño `h ce enrkaucture `hfh mefhr hste`d rhceakdoe`e ado ces vhoteges e`eptetkves quh prdpdrakdoefe. Ho uoe adbuok`e` enrâadce `hserrdcce`e hxkstho 0 nrupds `h eatkvk`e`hs7   Ce rhprd`uaakño d skhbfre y arkeoze shchatkves `h shbkcces y eokbechs.   Ce beokpuceakño d hc auk`e`d `h pceotes d eokbechs bkhotres hståo ho ce lesh `h arhakbkhotd.   Ce dfthoakño   Hc ecbeahoebkhotd `hc nreod d hc beothokbkhotd `h cds c ds eokbechs pere eshnurer uoe e`haue`e luhoth rhprd`uatkve.

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Hc auctkvd adbprho`h eatkvk`e`hs quh bd`klkaeo hc hotdrod lâskad oeturec ldbhoteo`d hc arhakbkhotd y `hserrdccd `h uoe d bås hsphakhs `h pceotes. Qk od sh auctkve phrbeohothbhoth, phrbeohothbh oth, ces hsphakhs vhnhtechs vuhcvho e rhauphrer hc stetus drknkoec. Ce suphrvkvhoake `h uoe hsphakh, ho aesd `h od shr beokpuce`e, `hpho`h `h ce `h cds shrhs mubeods, ado cd quh cds prd`uatds `h buteakdohs sh treosldrbeo ho hsphakhs `dbëstkaes. Ces pceotes `dbhstkae`ds pkhr`ho ce aepeak`e` `h `kvhrsklkaersh, `h ce quh `hpho`h su rhprd`uaakño. Ce `dbhstkaeakño `hpho`h `h uoe ckbkteakño lkskdcñnkae prhshoth ho ce pceote, quh puh`h shr eprdvhame`e pdr pdr hc enrkauctdr.

ENVKAXCPXVE ‑ CE DVKNHO @H CE ENVKAXCPXVE ‑  CE EAPK\K@E@ ZVH ENVEVKE  ENVEVKE  

 

5.5:.  ADOACXQKDOHQ Qh puh`h beoklhster quh `hotrd `h ce kovhstkneakño surnkhrdo ces feshs `h ce thdrâe enrkaucture e rezño `h ce bksbe pu`kbds eoeckzer cds mhamds `klhrhoths y hoberae`ds `hc `htecch `h ce pdaksdo `h ae`e uoe adbd tebfkëo ces `klhrhoakes hotrh ebfes mkpñthsks, adbd adotre`kaakño phrd adbd tebfkëo perth `h ce hvdcuakño `h ce bksbe, ods pd`hbds koackoer ho uoe `h ces quh sdo bes adovkoahoths y hs `hakr quh sh edhne bes ec hstu`kd quh sh `kd, phrd pere cd bksbd gustklkaerhbds ces `kvhrses rezdohs `hc pdr quh, thokho`d ho auhote ce koldrbeakño rhaefe`e `hotrd `hc trefegd adbd su kbpdrteoake Hc prdahsd enrerkd surnkñ ho verkes perths `hc buo`d `h ldrbe ko`hpho`khoth9 phrd pere quh suah`khre sh ohahsktefeo uoes ado`kakdohs eothrkdrhs `h uo `hthrbkoe`d `hserrdccd aucturec y thaodcñnkad y uo bh`kd ebfkhoth k`ñohd9 sko hbfernd, hc prdahsd luh chotd, `kearñokad y `hsknuec y ohahsktñ `h uo cernd phrkd`d `h hxphrkbhoteakño, ho td`ds cds shotk`ds9 phrd, uoe vhz prd`uak`d, ye od mufd rhnrhskdohs y cds cdnrds dfthok`ds sh hxpeo`khrdo pdr td`es perths. Hc shotk`d –rhvdcuakdoerkd‒ `h Amkc`h sdcd puh`h eahp tersh adbd ce kbpdrteoake `hc aebfkd aucturec prd`uak`d, phrd od `h uo aeråathr råpk`d y eouce`dr `h td`d cd eothrkdr. Fdckvke od hs eghoe e hstds lhoñbhods ncdfechs. Ho hc pese`d rhakhoth, ce enrkaucture lebkcker `h fesh aebphskoe prdvhâe uoe perth kbpdrteoth `h cds eckbhotds pere ce shnurk`e` eckbhoterke oeakdoec. Qko hbfernd, hsth rdc me k`d `hackoeo`d lrhoth ec sdsthok`d arhakbkhotd `hc shatdr enrdko`ustrkec eshote`d prkoakpecbhoth ho hc `hpertebhotd `h Qeote Aruz. Ce hxpeoskño `h ce lrdothre enrâadce sh hxpckae prkoakpecbhoth pdr ce prd`uaakño `h sdye y su ectd vecdr adbhrakec koak`h ho ces ectes teses `h `hldrhsteakño y ce `hshstruatureakño `h ce enrkaucture tre`kakdoec. Hsth hs hc hsahoerkd ho hc quh `hfhbds hotho`hr hc cuner quh daupe ce enrkaucture lebkcker, hotho`k`e adbd equhcce uok`e` `h prd`uaakño dphre`e pdr lebkckes aebphskoes d ko`ânhoes quh pdshh y hxpcdte phquhões perahces `h tkhrre luo`ebhotecbhoth utkckzeo`d rhaursds prdpkds. Hs uo shatdr quh enrupe e ce beydrâe `h ces lebkckes `hc aebpd phrd ces hvk`hoakes sdo ae`e vhz bås texetkves sdfrh ce bernkoeck`e` y hsteoaebkhotd `h hsth shatdr prd`uatkvd. Ce prhshoth kovhstkneakño prhshote cds rhsucte`ds `h uo hghrakakd prhckbkoer `h tkpdcdnkzeakño `h ce enrkaucture lebkcker ho trhs hstretds. Hs uoe prkbhre eprdxkbeakño hste`âstkae e ce `klhrhoakeakño `h ce rheck`e` enrerke e phquhõe hsaece, quh od prhtho`h shr `hlkoktkve ‑ `hlkoktkve  ‑pdr pdr cd teotd susahptkfch `h shr bhgdre`e ‑ bhgdre`e ‑,, phrd puh`h shr ÷tkc pere hoadotrer bhgdrhs peutes pere ce nhohreakño `h pdcâtkaes enrerkes `klhrhoake`es. Hstd daurrkñ meah bås `h `khz bkc eõds, y od luh ho uo sdcd cuner, ce enrkaucture sh `hserrdccñ `h beohre ko`hpho`khoth ho verkds puotds `hc pceohte7 ho Bhsdpdtebke y Hnkptd, `do`h sh auctkvñ trknd y ahfe`e9 ho Bhsdebërkae, ado hc beâz y hc hsth `h Eske, ado hc errdz. ENVKAXCPXVE ‑ CE DVKNHO @H CE ENVKAXCPXVE ‑  CE EAPK\K@E@ ZVH ENVEVKE  ENVEVKE  

 

Hc kokakd `h ce enrkaucture sh hoauhotre ho hc phrâd`d Ohdcâtkad, aueo`d ce hadodbâe `h ces sdakh`e`hs mubeoes hvdcuakdoñ `hs`h ce rhadchaakño, ce aeze y ce phsae e ce enrkaucture y ce neoe`hrâe. Ces prkbhres pceotes auctkve`es luhrdo hc trknd y ce ahfe`e. Zdr teotd, ce rhvdcuakño ohdcâtkae shrâe ce treosldrbeakño re`kaec `h ce ldrbe `h vk`e `hc shr mubeod. Hc shr mubeod peserå `h shr oñbe`e e sh`hoterkd. Zeserå `h thohr uoe fesh hadoñbkae `h aeze y rhadchaakño e thohr uoe fesh hadoñbkae prd`uatkve bh`keoth ce enrkaucture y ce neoe`hrâe. Hstd ods adonretuce, y ods me eokbe`d e fusaer bås `daubhotds rhcetkvds e ce mkstdrke `h hsth esphatd `hthrbkoeoth ho hc `hserrdccd `h ce Mubeok`e`. \hokbds dlrhakho`d uo aepâtucd `h MKQPDVKE NHOHVEC @H CE ENVKAXCPXVE. E`hbås `h `hbdstrer tres cd fåskad `h ces aceshs sh puh`eo odter hc ephnd e ce thdrâe quh bes cñnkae beoklkhste adbd tebfkëo buhstre bås thdrâe y hvk`hoakes e su levdr.

❜ 

ZDAKQKDO @HC NVXZD

@hs`h ce dfre `h Ndr`do Amkc`h, hc prkbhr kovhstkne`dr quh efdr`ñ hc hstu`kd `hc prdahsd fegd hc tërbkod `h rhvdcuakño ohdcâtkae ho rhspuhste e ce treosldrbeakño re`kaec quh mefrâe hxphrkbhote`d ce vk`e `hc mdbfrh, hc Zrñxkbd Drkhoth adbd thrrktdrkd `hc pceohte ho hc quh sh ethstknueo cds kokakds `h ce ohdcktkzeakño, me vhok`d skho`d dfghtd `h b÷ctkpchs kovhstkneakdohs, quh kothoteo hxpckaer hc drknho `hc lhoñbhod ho vkrtu` `h ado`kakdoeoths bh`kdebfkhotechs, hadoñbkads, sdakechs y aucturechs. Qhn÷o ce thdrâe `h cds "desks" hxpuhste pdr Amkc`h, cds aebfkds ackbåtkads quh `hckbkteo hc lkoec `hc Zchkstdahod y hc adbkhozd `hc Mdcdahod mefrâeo prdpkake`d ce `hshaeakño y erk`hz `h ebpckes århes y, ho adoshauhoake, ce adoahotreakño `h nrupds mubeods y hsphakhs vhnhtechs y eokbechs ho phquhõds rh`uatds ado rhaursds `h enue, hc `hodbkoe`d Arhakhoth Lërtkc, ho thrrktdrkds `h Qkrke, Zechstkoe y Gdr`eoke, `do`h, `hfk`d e uoe hstrhame adovkvhoake, hc mdbfrh mefrâe e`qukrk`d lebkckerk`e` y adodakbkhotds sdfrh ces hsphakhs `hc hotdrod meste aucbkoer lkoecbhoth su kothrvhoakño ho ce oeturechze. @hs`h eccâ, adbd o÷achd `h drknho, mefrâe thok`d cuner uo prdahsd `h `kluskño quh od sñcd eferaerâe ces dtres rhnkdohs `hc adothxtd prñxkbd-drkhotec skod tebfkëo Hurdpe y hc Odrth `h Ålrkae. Zdsthrkdrhs hstu`kds bh`kdebfkhotechs `hfkckterdo ho akhrtd bd`d cds ernubhotds hsnrkbk`ds pdr Amkc`h e ce mdre `h hxpckaer hc pdr quë `h cds kokakds `h ce ohdcktkzeakño ho ce lreoge skrkd-pechstkoe, `eo`d cuner e ce ldrbuceakño `h dtres thdrâes eahrae `h ces aeuses `h ce ohdcktkzeakño. Qko hbfernd, y e phser `h quh ce thdrâe `h cds "desks" od she våck`e pere luo`ebhoter ces aeuses `h drknho ho ce zdoe ho auhstkño, cd akhrtd hs quh ces koodveakdohs ohdcâtkaes `h beydr eotknóh`e` eperhaho ethstknue`es e lkoechs `hc K] bkchokd e.A. ho hc `hodbkoe`d Chveoth Bh`kthrråohd, Bh`kthrråohd, ho cds eatuechs thrrktdrkds `h Qkrke, Zechstkoe y Gdr`eoke, tres uoe ENVKAXCPXVE ‑ CE DVKNHO @H CE ENVKAXCPXVE ‑  CE EAPK\K@E@ ZVH ENVEVKE  ENVEVKE  

 

lesh prhvke aereathrkze`e pdr eshotebkhotds phrbeohoths, quh adodak`e adbd Bhsdcâtkad Oetulkhosh sh rhbdote eprdxkbe`ebhoth ec 5:.::: e.A. @hspuës hc prdahsd `h ohdcktkzeakño sh eprhakerå ho cds Wenrds, hc ectd Krei, Eoetdcke y, ye ho hc \K bkchokd, ho Bhsdpdtebke sknukho`d uoe `krhaakño odrth-sur. Cds kothraebfkds aucturechs prdpkakerâeo tebfkëo su e`epteakño ho hc Odrth `h Ålrkae y Hurdpe, e guzner pdr hc drknho prñxkbd-drkhotec `h cds enrdtkpds skcvhstrhs y `h ce beydrâe `h cds eokbechs secveghs dfghtd `h `dbhstkaeakño.

ENVKAXCPXVE ‑ CE DVKNHO @H CE ENVKAXCPXVE ‑  CE EAPK\K@E@ ZVH ENVEVKE  ENVEVKE  

 

AEZKPXCD KK7 MKQPDVKE [ EOPHAH@HOPHQ MKQPDVKADQ @H CE ENVKAXCPXVE

6.5. 

 EOPHAH@HOPHQQ MKQPDVKADQ  EOPHAH@HOPH MKQPDVKADQ

Ce mkstdrke `h ce enrkaucture eferae ce `dbhstkaeakño `h pceotes y eokbechs, esâ adbd hc `hserrdccd y ce `kluskño `h tëaokaes pere arkercds `h beohre prd`uatkve. Ho su lesh kokakec, ce enrkaucture sh `hserrdccñ `h beohre ko`hpho`khoth ho `klhrhoths perths `hc buo`d h koacuyñ uoe ebpcke nebe `h texdohs. Qh k`hotklkaerdo ahotrds `h drknho ho pdr cd bhods doah rhnkdohs `klhrhoths `hc buo`d. Cds shrhs mubeods rhadchaterdo y sh eckbhoterdo ado nreods skcvhstrhs `hs`h pdr cd bhods 6: ::: e. A. E pertkr `h ;8:: e. A., sh hbphzñ e auctkver cds damd auctkvds luo`e`drhs ohdcâtkads ‐lerrd, trknd hsaeo`e, ahfe`e, nukseoths, chothges, yhrd, nerfeozds n erfeozds y ckod‐ ckod ‐ ho hc Chveoth bh`kthrråohd. Hc errdz sh `dbhstkañ ho Amkoe hotrh 55 8:: y ::: e. A. Hc sdrnd sh `dbhstkañ ho ce rhnkño `hc Qemhc ho Ålrkae meake 8::: e. A. Ho cds Eo`hs ho Ebërkae `hc Qur sh `dbhstkaerdo ce pepe, cds lrkgdchs y ce adae hotrh =::: y 8::: e. A., esâ adbd ces ccebes, ces ecpeaes y cds auyhs. Ho hc bksbd phrâd`d sh auctkverdo h mkfrk`erdo pcåteods ho Ouhve Nukohe. Hc ecnd`ño luh `dbhstkae`d ho Zhr÷ pdr 18:, ckfhreo`d uo pdra pdrahotegh hotegh sknoklkaetkvd `h ce luhrze `h trefegd, y adotrkfuyho`d `h hsth bd`d e kbpucser ce Vhvdcuakño Ko`ustrkec. Ce prd`uatkvk`e` `hc trknd trknd eubhotñ `h eprdxkbe`ebhoth fusmhc pdr earh ho 5>6: e ecrh`h`dr `h fusmhc ho 5=0:, beraeo`d uo kbpdrteoth puotd `h kolchxkño ho ce mkstdrke. Hc eshsdrebkhotd sdfrh tëaokaes enrâadces bås prd`uatkves adbhozñ e eperhahr ho Koncethrre e bh`ke`ds `hc skncd xvkk ado ce dfre `h hsarktdrhs adbd Qebuhc Mertckf, ^ecthr Fcktm y dtrds. Hc beydr prdfchbe ec beothohr ho auctkvd ces bksbes perahces `h tkhrre `ureoth buamd tkhbpd hre hc endtebkhotd `h cds outrkhoths ho hc suhcd, sdfrh td`d hc oktrñnhod. Zere rhnhohrer hc suhcd, e bhou`d sh `hgñ ce tkhrre prd`uatkve ho ferfhamd y ho ecnuods cunerhs sh preatkañ ce rdteakño `h auctkvds. Hc sksthbe mdceo`ës `h rdteakño `h auetrd aebpds luh pdpucerkze`d pdr hc enrkauctdr frktåokad Amerchs Pdwosmho` Pdwosmho` ho hc skncd xvkkk. Hsth sksthbe koadrpdrñ hc auctkvd `h trknd, oefds, ahfe`e y trëfdc, h koacuyñ uoe ENVKAXCPXVE ‑ CE DVKNHO @H CE ENVKAXCPXVE ‑  CE EAPK\K@E@ ZVH ENVEVKE  ENVEVKE  

 

adshame `h ldrregh y pestd quh phrbktkñ ce arâe `h neoe`d `ureoth td`d hc eõd. Hc auctkvd `h trëfdc hre hsphakecbhoth kbpdrteoth ye quh ces reâahs `h ce chnubkodse rhpdoâeo cds oktretds `hc suhcd. Ce bhaeokzeakño y reakdoeckzeakño `h ce enrkaucture luh dtrd leatdr kbpdrteoth. E bh`ke`ds `hc skncd xvkkk, Vdfhrt Feihwhcc y Pmdbes Adih kotrd`ughrdo ce arâe shchatkve h kokakerdo uo prdahsd `h kotrearuzebkhotd (kofrhh`kon) pere bexkber resnds `hshefchs. Qh kovhoterdo båqukoes pere bhgdrer ce hlkakhoake `h verkes dphreakdohs enrâadces, adbd ce shbfre`dre `h Ghtmrd Pucc `h 5>:5, quh bhaeokzñ ce skhbfre e ce adrrhate prdluo`k`e` y hspeakebkhotd hspeakebk hotd `h shbkcces, y ce trkcce`dre `h Eo`rhw Bhkich `h 5>=0. Cds ere`ds sh bhgdrerdo rhnucerbhoth, `hs`h hc ere`d phse`d `h mkhrrd `h Gdshpm Ldcgebfh ho 5>1:, meste hc Qadts Zcdunm ado bhtec bhgdre`d `h Gebhs Qbecc ho 5>=;, ce adbpeõâe Veosdbhs, Qkbs & Ghllhrkhs hstefe prd`uakho`d bd`hcds `h ere`d pere `klhrhoths tkpds `h suhcds. Ce bequkoerâe enrâadce eaakdoe`e pdr luhrze bdtrkz sh kotrd`ugd ado ce båqukoe `h vepdr hsteakdoerke `h Vkamer` Prhvktmkai, utkckze`e pere eaakdoer uoe trkcce`dre ho 5=56. Ce bhaeokzeakño sh hxtho`kñ e dtres eatkvk`e`hs enrâadces `ureoth `ureoth hc skncd xkx. Hc prkbhr treatdr prdpucse`d pdr nesdckoe luh adostruk`d ho 5=;6 pdr Gdmo Lrdhckam ho cds Hste`ds Xok`ds. Ce kovhstkneakño akhotâlkae `h ce lhrtkckzeakño adbhozñ ho ce Hsteakño Hxphrkbhotec `h Vdtmebsth` ho 5=01 pdr Gdmo Fhooht Cewhs. Pebfkëo hstu`kñ hc kbpeatd `h cds lhrtkckzeoths kodrnåokads y drnåokads ho hc rho`kbkhotd `h cds auctkvds y luo`ñ uoe `h ces prkbhres låfrkaes pere ce prd`uaakño `h lhrtkckzeoths ertklkakechs ho 5=06. Gdmo Pmdbes Odrtm kbpdrtñ `hpñsktds `h oktretd `h sd`kd `h Amkch adbd lhrtkckzeoth, esâ adbd nueod (hxarhbhotds `h evhs). Hc prkbhr prdahsd adbhrakec pere ce prd`uaakño `h lhrtkckzeoths luh ce `ksdcuakño `h adprdcktds ho åak`d sucl÷rkad pere ce dfthoakño `h ldsletd.

6.5:. Eubhotñ ce prd`uaakño enrâadce ncdfec, hsphakecbhoth `hs`h lkohs `h ce `ëae`e `h 5;