Orifice Plate Calculator Pressure drop Calculations

Orifice Plate Calculator Pressure drop Calculations

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Orifice plate calculator pressure drop calculation

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Orifice plate pressure drop calculator is used for flow rate measuring in pipe systems. With orifice plate, pressure drop is created. Based on the magnitude of pressure drop, flow rate can be calculated. The pressure drop calculation formula for the pipe is explained in more detail below .Practical for larger tube diameters and for dirty fluid where other methods are impractical.

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(requires Java Runtime Environment http://java.com/en/download/index.jsp )

Explanation of used values

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Orifice Plate Calculator Pressure drop Calculations

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D1 D2 p1 p2 p1 - p2 ni mi T rho R kappa

http://www.flowmeterdirectory.com/flowmeter_orifice_calc.html

diameter of tube throat diameter upstream pressure downstream pressure pressure drop through orifice kinematic viscosity dynamic viscosity upstream temperature upstream density gas constant isentropic coefficient

Resulting values Q G V1 V2 ReD e C

volumetric flow rate mass flow rate upstream velocity throat velocity upstream Reynolds number expansion coefficient coefficient of discharge

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Theory Calculation of flow rate using orifice plate calculator is for incompressible flow, based on the Bernoulli principle:

where is: p - pressure rho - density V - velocity g - gravitational constant (9.81 m/s2) z - geodetic height Assumption that pressure lost is negligible (pressure drop is obvious and included with coefficient of discharge which is introduced bellow):

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and:

and if velocities substituted with flow rate:

where is: Q - volumetric flow rate D - diametar Pressure drop through the orifice because of velocity increase can be calculated as follows:

or:

Expressing flow rate from the previous equation leads to:

Substituting:

flow rate can be determined as:

where is: C - coefficient of discharge e - expansion coefficient

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Orifice Plate Calculator Pressure drop Calculations

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http://www.flowmeterdirectory.com/flowmeter_orifice_calc.html

Coefficient of discharge can be calculated using following equation (ISO):

where is: beta - diameter relation D2/D1 ReD - Reynolds number which can be calculated as follows:

where is: ni - kinematic viscosity mi - dynamic viscosity

L1 and L2 are functions on tap type and it is: L1=L2=0 for corner taps L1=1 L2=0.47 for D & D/2 taps L1=L2=0.0254/D D[m] for 1" taps

Expansion coefficient e can be calculated (for gases only):

where is: kappa - isentropic coefficient; kappa = 1.4 for air and other two atom gas molecules Other values are calculated using following equations: mass flow:

velocities:

If flowing fluid is gas, then it is considered as incompressible and ideal. Equation for ideal gas:

can be used for calculation of temperature T:

as well as density rho:

where R is gas constant (R=287 J/kgK for air).

Appliance Orifice plate calculator can be used for both liquids and gases. Fluid is considered as incompressible, so density (rho) and temperature (T) are constant through tube. Also, gas is considered as ideal. Units of measure are both in SI and English system. Orifice plate calculator can be used for calculation of: volumetric flow - Q mass flow - G velocity on inlet, bigger diameter - V1 velocity on smaller diameter - V2 Reynolds number on bigger diameter - ReD For calculation of those values, necessary values for input are: inlet, bigger diameter - D1

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Orifice Plate Calculator Pressure drop Calculations

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http://www.flowmeterdirectory.com/flowmeter_orifice_calc.html

smaller diameter - D2 inlet pressure - p1 either pressure on smaller diameter - p2, or pressure drop p1-p2 either kinematic viscosity - ni, or dynamic viscosity - mi for gases only: either temperature - T, or density - rho gas constant - R for liquids: density - rho Beside four values (Q, G, V1, V2), which calculation is main purpose of calculator, values that are not defined by user are determined in process of calculation (for example: if pressure p1 and temperature T are specified for gas flow value for rho is calculated together with four main values (Q, G, V1, V2)). Also necessery coeffients: expansion - e and discharge - C are calculated and results are shown. Orifice plates and metering runs are popular because of low cost . Orifice plates combined with differential pressure transmitters are now commonly supplied as complete flow measurement packages. Multiport pressure transmitter manifold valves gives options to operators for e.g to isolate , equalize and vent the differential pressure transmitter. Orifice plates and differential pressure measurement devices are used to measure the flow of fluids such as steam, air, gas and water. In natural gas transmission a familiar type of orifice plate is the senior orifice plate. This special design allows operators to remove and inspect the orifice plate during normal pipeline operation. A metering run, flow straightener may have to be installed to correct the flow profile in custody transfer applications or orifice plate applications that require higher accuracy.

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