Organized Nature of Social Life and Rules Governing

O R G A N I Z E D N AT AT U R E OF SOCIAL LIFE AND RULES GOVERNING BEHAVIOR

A society is a group of individuals involved in persistent social interaction, or a large social group sharing the same geographical or social territory, typically subject to the same political authority and

HOW SOCIETY IS ORGANIZED People have organized themselves into groups  with common rules of living.The organization of such a group is called society. Different institutions are found in every community, such as the family, kin relationships, childcare, and division of work based on gender and age.

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Applying Goethe’s method to social life, Rudolf Steiner thought that if we apply the phenomenological, participatory method to human social life as a multifaceted, multilayered whole, we can distinguish three different spheres of activity: Cultural – everything involving the growth and expression of the human spirit: education, art, science, religion, journalism, and publishing Legal or Political – Involving human rights and relationships between people and organizations Economic – having to do with th e production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services

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Sometimes, organization refers to associational groups. It includes corporations, armies, schools, and banks. Society composes many of such organizations. A state is considered as a political organization, or school may represent an educational organization, and so on. They are all social organizations. Organization is a state of being or a condition in which various institutions in society are functioning by their recognized or implied purposes (Elliott and Merrill, 1950). Social organization or social system refers to the interdependence of parts in groups. These groups may differ in size and nature. It makes possible the complex activities where members of a complex society participate in.

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Consist of two or more: The people  who regularly interact and share sense of unity and common identity.

Primary Group Social Group

Secondary Group

PRIMARY GROUP •

Typically small scale, include intimate relationships, and are usually long lasting.

Characteristics: Strong sense of belonging Strong group loyalty Strong influence on behavior Have intrinsic value •

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SECONDARY GROUP Are another type of social group. They have opposite characteristic of primary groups An example of this group is a political party organized to plan the best campaign for the election. Members of the board meet infrequently and for only a short period. Team members may have some similar interests, but the main purpose of the group is on the task instead of the relationships.

Characteristic: • •

Large membership base Task Oriented Relationships based on accomplishin

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The power elite is run by a small group representing the wealthiest, most powerful, and most influential people in government, business, and the military. Example: A generous business person may make substantial contributions to a political candidate.

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Voluntary associations are groups that people choose to join, wherein members are united by the pursuit of a common goal. Example: a parent-teacher association at a particular school Formal organizations are secondary groups organized to achieve specific goals. Legal organizations tend to be larger and more impersonal than voluntary associations. Example: A corporation is usually a formal organization. The very specific goal of most companies is to increase profits.

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Bureaucracy is a type of formal organization in which a rational approach is used to handle large tasks. The bureaucratic organization is highly organized with a high degree of formality in the way it operates. Examples: colleges and universities

In-Group

Out-Group

IN-GROUP •

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An in-group is an exclusive social group formed out of shared interest and identity. It is in this group where people feel more comfortable and secured, with no threat, intimidation or conflict of interest. Members of this group consist of those who share common experiences or ideas in life. Examples include friendship groups, families, and religious group

In-group favoritism happens when a person favors or offers special treatment to in-group members over out-group members. This activity may disregard merit and result to serious social situations such as corruption, crime, and padrino system.

OUT-GROUP •

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People outside of the in-group are called the outgroup. Generally, the ingroup feels anger towards the out-groups and wants to engage in competitive situations with them. This is the “they” of society, where a person is not a part of or does not belong to the group. The formation of out-groups is the result of perceived differences.

Out-group homogeneity is the tendency of a person to classify those people who are not in their in-group as being similar to one another. In short, people overgeneralize and label out-groups in a negative manner.

REFERENCE GROUPS

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Reference Groups are groups that serve as our standards in setting and evaluating our own behaviors and attitudes. Normative Reference Groups - when reference groups serve a purpose of setting your norms and values. These groups directly influence the behavior of a person, serving as a role model, standard, or base point. Comparative Reference Groups - whose norms and values serve as points of comparison for certain behaviors. Some reference groups exist to provide people with means of comparison for behavior, style, and achievement.

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Aspirational reference groups refers to people or groups of people with whom we want to be compared with. Product advertisers and celebrities like athletes, movie stars, or talk show hosts are fine examples of this reference group. People think that by supporting their favorite celebrity, they become associated with them. Associative reference groups refer to groups where we belong and take part in. These people include our neighbors, coworkers, club members, or church members. People have a tendency to confine with what is on trend in their immediate community. Dissociative reference groups refers to groups that people have no interest in being associated with. This group of people includes those with whom we share conflicts in interest, attitude, or behavior

SOCIAL NETWORKS •

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A social network is a social structure comprised of individuals  joined by a certain pattern of links or relations. Social networks are indicative of a person or an organization's relationships as either casual and informal or personal and intimate. This is often regarded as individuals' basic tool to connect to society. The person or organization playing a part in a network is known as a node. On the other hand, ties are the links or connections that bind individuals or organizations together. It is important to note that these networks serve a role in the attainment of the goals of society. Through networks, people get connected, get updated, and become aware.