Organizational Behaviour Chapter 7: Stressed Out at Work? Help Is On The Way

 

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E. [`aimnujuma

Xmmt eae, tmdpmfaym s`dmfea omaymf fmrymwma s`dmfea str`s ie t`dpmt f`rcm. X`p`rte ymag t`jmn ieomnms s`o`judaym imjmd omo eae, teagfmt str`s ymag teagge impmt d`do`refma d`do`refma fbas`fu`a fbas`fu`ase se s`reus omge eaieveiu eaieveiu ima brgmaesmse brgmaesmse d`r`fm. Mim  omaymf f`duagfeama p`ac`jmsma

p`aeagfmtma str`s fmrymwma, t`rdmsuf r`s`se

ymag susmn ienejmagfma, p`rsmeagma gjbomj ymag f`tmt, p`agmaggurma t`tmp teagge ima d`auatut ouimym f`rcm o`romses fea`rcm. [`rmhefma dmsmjmnaym mimjmn omnwm  omaymf fmrymwma ymag o`rcumag i`agma dmsmjmn-dmsmjmn preomie ima f`umagma ie rudmn. Xudo`r jmea imre str`s omge fmrymwma t`rfmet i`agma [NF. X`jmdm r`s`se t`romru t`ro mru,, o`o`rmp o`o`rmpmm p`rusm p`rusmnmm nmma a ima brgmae brgmaesmse smse t`jmn t`jmn d`j`pm d`j`pmsfma sfma pujunm pujunma a reou reou fmrymwma. D`sfepua [NF ymag ymag smagmt d`dufuj pmim "fbroma" ymag pmsrmn, mi mimm  cugm oufte omnwm ymag "s`jmdmt" imre [NF (ymetu, fmrymwma ymag teaggmj i`agma brgm brgmae aesms smsee im ima a teim teimf f ie-[ ie-[NF NF)) d`de d`dejef jefee

teag teagfm fmtt str str`s `s ym ymag ag teag teagge ge im ima a mi mimm

f`tmfutma mtms dmsm i`pma p`f`rcmma d`r`fm s`aiere. X`jmea tu Ouimym f`rcm ymag d`auatut d`aua tut fea`rcm fea`rcm teagge cugm impmt impmt o`rp`rma o`rp`rma pmim teagfmt teagfmt str`s fmrymwma fmrymwma ima f`s`nmtma d`atmj. Imjmd cmagfm wmftu s`fetmr `amd oujma, tegm easeayur ymag  o`f`rcm uatuf pmoref _`amujt ie [rmahes, d`jmfufma ouaun iere. Ieiugm omnwm s`o`jud s`o`ju d f`dmtema f`dmtema d`r`fm, d`r`fm, dmseag-dmseag dmseag-dmseag d`ag`jun d`ag`jun t`atmag " o`oma f`rcm ymag teimf dmsuf mfmj, tmftef dmamc`d`a i`agma t`fmama teagge, f`j`jmnma, ima fretef  d`dmjufma ie i`pma r`fma-r`fma s`jmdm r`ve`w fea`rcm. Mpmm ymag Mp ymag

brgmae brgmaesmse smse jmfufma jmfufma uatuf uatuf d`d`rm d`d`rmage age str`s ie matmrm matmrm fmrymwma fmrymwma

d`r` d` r`fm fm22 Omay Omaymf mf br brma mag g d`ai d`aibr brba bag g ua uatu tuf f d`ag d`aggu guam amfm fma a [rbg [rbgrmd rmd Omat Omatum uma a Fmrymwma Fmrymw ma ([OF) mtmu W`jja`ss W`jja`ss [rbgrmd. [rbgrmd. Imjmd smtu tmnua t`rmfner t`rmfner mtmu j`oen, t`jmn t`rcmie t`rcmie p`aeagfmtm p`aeagfmtma a p`rdeatmma p`rdeatmma fmrymwma fmrymwma uatuf uatuf p`r`ahmamma p`r`ahmamma f`umagma, fb fbas as`j `jea eag g utma utmag, g, im ima a om omat atum uma a nu nufu fud. d. X` X`jm jmea ea etu, etu, om omay aymf mf fm fmry rymw mwma ma ym ymag ag d`agmdoej f`uatuagma imre cmsm fbas`jeag d`jmjue t`j`pba ima s`hmrm jmagsuag6  p`rdeatmma udud mimjmn uatuf f`jumrgm ima nuouagma fbas`jeag. X`jmea etu, pmrm mnje d`r`fbd`ai d`r`fbd`aimsefma msefma omnwm brgmaesmse brgmaesmse d`aguomn d`aguomn ouimym ouimym d`r`fm d`r`fm s`neaggm s`neaggm d`agurmage pr`vmj`ase ima `l`f o`romnmym imre str`s. X`omgme hbatbn, dmamc`r  nmrus d`aibrbag fmrymwma uatuf o`romge f`prenmteama d`r`fm i`agma r`fma ted

 

mtmu r`fma f`rcm t`rp`rhmym, d`deatm omatuma ima teimf d`d`jenmrm dmsmjmn ie imjmd, d`deaedmjfma f`smjmnma f`tefm ei`-ei` ymag omef teimf o`rcmjma i`agma  omef, ima d`aheptmfma jeagfuagma ie dmam d`ai`agmrfma dmsmjmn f`hej ymag ieei`atelefmse s`o`jud d`r`fm o`ruomn d`acmie dmsmjmn o`smr. Mpmfmn prmsymrmt eae ima dmalmmt tmdomnma ymag hufup segaelefma uatuf  d`agur d`a gurmag magee teagf teagfmt mt str`s str`s fmrymw fmrymwma ma s`jmdm s`jmdm dmsm dmsm `fbabd `fbabdee ymag ymag d`amat d`amatmag mag22 Duagfe Dua gfea a teimf, teimf, tmpe tmpe d`r`fm d`r`fm duagfe duagfea a nmaym nmaym seaymj seaymj uatuf uatuf o`rtmn o`rtmnma ma fmrymw fmrymwma ma  omnwm brgmaesmse d`r`fm p`iuje t`atmag d`r`fm6 ima eae s`aiere mimjmn nmsej  pbsetel ymag impmt d`domatu d`aeagfmtfma d`aeagfmtfma r`t`ase fmrymwma ima dbrmj.

E.

[`rtmaymma Fmsus

mjmsma utmdm utmdm d`agmp d`agmpmm omaymf omaymf fmrymw fmrymwma ma d`agmj d`agmjmde mde j`v`j j`v`j str`ss str`ss =. Mpm mjmsma teagfmt teagge teagfmt teagge imjmd p`f`rcmma smmt eae2 Ei`atelefmse Ei`atelefmse ima i`sfrepsefmajmn i`sfrepsefmajmn mjmsmaaym. ?. D` D`ag agmp mpmm om omay aymf mf fm fmry rymw mwma ma p` p`ay ayea eatms tms im imre re [NF [NF d`ag d`agmjm mjmde de str str`ss `ss22

X`d`atmrm d`aurut f`oecmfsmamma udud, s`nmrusaym fmrymwma-fmrymwma eae j`oen omnmgem fmr`am d`r`fm teimf cmie ieo`rn`atefma..C`jmsfma cmwmoma maim ymag iejmfu iejmfufma fma p`rusm p`rusmnmm nmma a uatuf uatuf d`agur d`agurmag magee teagfm teagfmtt str`ss str`ss imre imre 8. Mpm ymag fmrymwma d`r`fm2 X`o`rmpm o`smrfmn d`aurutdu omnwm jmagfmn-jmagfmn t`rs`outt mfma d`abjbag t`rs`ou d`abjbag p`rusmnmma p`rusmnmma d`dp`rtmnma d`dp`rtmnmafma fma fmrymwma fmrymwma d`r`fm d`r`fm ymag o`rnmrgm2 EE EE.. Ye Yeac acmu muma ma Jet` Jet`rm rmtu turr =.

[`ag`rtema

Geosba Geo sba `t mj (imjmd (imjmd Uujema Uujemate, te, ?;;;35 ?;;;35)) d`ag`d d`ag`dufm ufmfma fma omnwm omnwm str`ss str`ss f`r f`rcm cm iefbas`ptumjesmse imre o`o`rmpm tetef pmaimag, ymetu str`s s`omgme stedujus, str`s s`omg s`o mgme me r` r`sp spba ba im ima a str str`s `s s` s`om omgm gmee ste stedu duju jus-r s-r`sp `spba ba.. Xtr` Xtr`ss s` s`om omgm gmee stedu steduju juss d`rupmfma p`ai`fmtma ymag d`aetefo`rmtfma pmim jeagfuagma. Jutnm Ju tnmas as (imjmd (imjmd Uujema Uujemate, te, ?;;;3= ?;;;3=;) ;) d`ai`l d`ai`leae eaesef sefma ma str`s str`s s`omgm s`omgmee sumtu sumtu tmaggmpma imjmd d`ay`sumefma iere ymag iep`agmrune bj`n p`ro`imma eaieveiu

 

ima prbs`s psefbjbges, s`omgme fbas`fu`ase imre teaimfma jeagfuagma, setumse mtmu  p`restewm ymag t`rjmju omaymf d`agmimfma tuatutma psefbjbges ima lesef  s`s`brmag, s`s`brma g, I`agma I`agma i`defema i`defema impmt iesedpujfma iesedpujfma omnwm str`s f`rcm tedouj tedouj fmr`am tuatutma jeagfuagma ima tmaggmpma s`temp eaieveiu imjmd d`agnmimpeaym impmt  o`ro`im. Impmt Imp mt iesdpu iesdpujfm jfma a str`ss str`ss mimjmn mimjmn nmsej nmsej eat`rmf eat`rmfse se uaef uaef matmrm matmrm nmsej nmsej steduju stedujuss fbaiese jeagfuagma ima f`h`ai`ruagma eaieveiu uatuf d`r`spba i`agma hmrm-hmrm t`rt`atu. Y`rimpmt 8 lmftbr ymag d`a`atufma mpmfmn sumtu p`agmjmdma eaieveiu mfma h`ai`ruag d`agnmsejfma str`ss ymetu edpbrtmah` edpbrtmah`,, Pah`rtmeaty Pah`rtmeaty,, ima iurmteba. 

Edpbrtmah` O`rf O` rfme metm tma a

i` i`ag agma ma s`o`r s`o`rmp mpmm

se sega gaele elefm fma/ a/o` o`rd rdmf mfam am

p` p`re rest stew ewmm

t` t`rs` rs`ou outt

t`rnmimp s`s`brmag 

Pah`rtmeaty Prmagaym f`c`j`sma d`ag`ame mpm ymag mfma t`rcmie



Iurmteba Xtr`ss imjmd wmftu ymag seagfmt mfma d`ay`omofma str`ss mfut, s`d`atmrm str`ss ymag iurmse ymag jmdm mfma d`ay`omfma str`ss frbaes.

?.

C`ae aess-C C`ae aess Xtr Xtr`s

]uehf ima ]uehf (=5>9) d`agfmt`gbrefma c`aes str`s d`acmie ium, ymetu3 m)

@ustr`s @ustr`ss, s, ymetu ymetu nmsej imre imre r`spba r`spba t`rnmi t`rnmimp mp str`s str`s ymag o`rsel o`rselmt mt s`nm s`nmt, t, pbsete pbsetel, l, ima ima

fba bast stru ruft ftel el

(o`r (o`rse selm lmtt

d`dom `doma agu gua) a)..

Nmj Nmj

t` t`rs rs`o `out ut

t` t`rd rdms msuf  uf 

f`s`cmn f`s` cmnt`rm t`rmma ma eaieve eaieveiu iu ima cugm cugm brgmae brgmaesmse smse ymag ymag iemsbse iemsbsemse msefma fma i`agma i`agma  p`rtudounma, lj`fseoejetms, f`dmdpuma mimptmse, ima teagfmt p`rlbrdmah` ymag teagge.  o)

Iestr`ss, ymetu nmsej imre r`spba t`rnmimp str`s ymag o`rselmt teimf s`nmt, a`gm a`gmte tel, l, ima ima i`st i`stru ruft ftel el (o (o`r `rse selm lmtt d`ru d`rusm smf) f).. Nmj Nmj t` t`rs rs`o `out ut t` t`rd rdms msuf  uf  fbas`fu`ase eaieveiu ima cugm brgmaesmse s`p`rte p`aymfet fmriebvmsfujmr  ima teagfmt teagfmt f`teimfnmi f`teimfnmierma erma (mos`at``esd (mos`at``esd)) ymag teagge, ymag iemsbsemsefma iemsbsemsefma i`agma f`mimma smfet, p`auruama, ima f`dmtema

 

8.

Dbi`j Xtr`s

Gmdomr3 Dbi`j Xtr`s [`f`rcm   Xtr`sb

Nmsej

Yeagfmt Eaieveiumj    





[sefbjbges/ymag o`rfmetma i`agma sefmp

Yuatutma p`f`rcmma Fbaljef p`rma Moeguetms p`rma [`ag`aimjema jeagfuagma ymag iermsmfma Nuouagma i`agma sup`rvesbr 

 





F`j`oenma o`oma, f`furmagma o`omo, ima f`dbabtbama f`rcm

  

Yeagfmt F`jbdpbf    



[`rejmfu dmamc`remj Furmagaym f`fbdpmfma Fbaljef ie imjmd f`jbdpbf  [`ro`imma stmtus

F`p`amtma @dbse I`pr`se F`p`rejmfuma

Xtr`ss  



[`ro`imma Eaieveiumj

F`pumsma f`rcm Fbdetd`a brgmaesmsebamj F`t`rjeomtma i`agma  p`f`rcmma F`p`rhmymma iere

 

F`teimfnmierma Yeagfmt p`rputmrma  p`gmwme Fea`rcm F`h`jmfmma [`aymjmnguamma suostmase



Yeagfmt Brgmaesmsebamj    

F`ouimymma Xtruftur  Y`fabjbge [`ag`amjma  p`ruomnma imjmd fbaiese

@fstrmbrgmaesmsebamj

F`turuama, usem, f`dmdpuma  preomie, c`es f`jmdea, ie`t, iufuagma sbhemj,  p`amaggujmag ma, herre f`preomiema,  p`f`rcmma,  p`ag`aimjema jeagfuagma 

Fbgaetel  

 

[`agmdoejma f`putusma ymag ouruf  Furmag fbas`atrmse Duimn jupm

Yeagfmt [sefbjbges

ma    

F`jumrgm @fbabde Wmftu ymag o`ruomn [bjuse sumrm, pmams, f`pmimtma, ima uimrm

   

Xest`d fmriebvmsfuj`r  Xest`d f`f`omjma Xest`d dusfujbsf`j`tmj Xest`d gmstrbeat`steamj 

 

m.

Xtr`ssbr  

Dbi` Db i`jj Xt Xtr` r`ss ssbr br ieom ieomge ge d`ac d`acmi miee 8 f`jb f`jbdp dpbf bf,, Xtr` Xtr`ss ssbr br ea eaie ieve veiu iumj mj,, Grup Grup,, Brgmaesmsebamj, ima @fstrmbrgmaesmsebamj/abawbrf  =)

Xtr`ssbr Eaieveiumj Xtr`ssbr teagfmt eaieveiumj mimjmn str`ssbr ymag o`rfmetma s`hmrm jmagsuag i`agma tugms-tugms f`rcm s`s`brmag. Hbatbn str`ssbr mimjmn tuatutma p`f`rcmma, f`j`oenma o`oma f`rcm (ieomge ium Fumjetmtel Fumje tmtel bv`rjbmi bv`rjbmi ima Fumatetmtel Bv`rjbmi), fbaljef p`rma, p`rma, mdoeguetms mdoeguetms  p`rma, f`r`pbtma s`nmre-nmre, p`ag`aimjema ymag iermsmfma mtms p`restewm ymag duahuj imjmd jeagfuagma f`rcm, ima fmrmft`restef p`f`rcmma.

?)

Xtr`ssbr F`jbdpbf ima teagfmt brgmaesmse Xtr`ssbr teagfmt f`jbdpbf ies`omofma bj`n ieamdefm f`jbdpbf ima p`rejmfu dmamc`remj. [mrm dmamc`r d`aheptmfma str`ss pmim fmrymwma i`agma3 

[mrtehepmteba Mimay Mim aymm f`s`dp f`s`dpmtm mtma a uatuf uatuf d`do`r d`do`refm efma a fmrymw fmrymwma ma efut efut t`rjeo t`rjeomt mt imjmd imjmd d`do`r d`d o`refm efma a p`ag`t p`ag`tmnu mnuma ma ymag ymag iedeje iedejefe, fe, bpeae bpeae ima ei` imjmd imjmd prbs`s prbs`s  p`agmdoejma f`putusma



Eatrm ima Eat`rgrbup _`jmteba Fumjetms nuouagma matmrm s`smd` p`f`rcm impmt d`acmie sudo`r str`ss. Fumjet Fum jetms ms nuouag nuouagma ma ymag ymag r`aimn r`aimn ie p`rusm p`rusmnmm nmma a t`rdms t`rdmsuf uf iematm iematmrma rmaym ym f`p`rhmymma f`p`rh mymma ymag r`aimn, supprbtev` supprbtev`a`ss a`ss ymag r`aimn, ima furmagaym furmagaym deam de amtt

d`ai d`ai`a `agm gmrf rfma ma ima ima

o`rf o`rfud udpu pujj

i` i`ag agma ma s` s`sm smd` d` ted ted

im imjm jmd d

 p`rusmnmma. 

Brgmaezmtebamj [bjetehs F`preomiema [bjetef teagfmt teagge imre sumtu brgmaesmse d`acmie sudo`r  str`ss omge omaymf fmrymwma. Oemsmaym ymag d`d`gmag p`rmama t`rnmimp str`ssbr eae mimjmn fmrmft`r pedpeama/H@B imre sumtu brgmaesmse.



Brgmaezmtebamj Hujtur`

 

Ouimym Brgmaesmse ymag iemaut sumtu p`rusmnmma. Hbatbnaym Hujtur` bl  L`mr (Ouimym f`tmfutma) 

Jmhf Bl [`rlbrdmah` L``iomhf 



Yeimf mimaym/furmagaym syst`d L``iomhf [`rlbrdmah`/p`ahmpmema ymag ieo`refma p`rusmnmma



Eami`qumt` Hmr``r I`v`jbpd`at Bppbrtuaete`s F`s`dpmtma fmrer d`acmie str`ssbr f`tefm nmj eae d`acmie sudo`r p`rnmtema  p`f`rcm, h`dms mtmu d`ay`omofma lrustmse. D`acmse str`ssbr omge p`f`rcm mpmoejm mspermse fmrer ymag ieeageafma teimf hbhbf i`agma pbsese fmrer ymag s`imag ieiuiufe smmt eae



Ibwasezeag Iemsbsemsefma i`agma p`agurmagma t`amgm XID, [NF, dutmse XID, mtmu

8)

 p`aseba ieae. @fstrm @fstrmbrg brgmae maesmse smseba bamj/A mj/Aba ba Wbrf Wbrf Xtr`ssb Xtr`ssbr  r  Xtr`sbr iejumr brgmaesmse (`xtrm brgmaezmtebamj str`ssbrs) mimjmn str`ssbr ymag ies`om ies `omof ofma ma bj`n bj`n lmftbr lmftbr ie jumr jumr brgmae brgmaesmse smse.. X`omgm X`omgmee hbatbn hbatbn,, fbaljef fbaljef ymag ymag  o`rfmetma i`agma p`ay`edomagma f`neiupma fmre`r ima f`jumrgm s`s`brmag smagmtjmn d`doumt str`ss. 

Xtmtus `fbabde, s`omgmedmam ieufur i`agma p`aimpmtma



Xtmtus sbsemj, ymag ieaejme i`agma teagfmt p`aieiefma

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Xtmtus f`rcm, s`omgmedmam ieeai`fsfma bj`n p`f`rcmma.

Xtr`ssb Xtr `ssbrr d`doma d`domagfe gfetfm tfma a o`romg o`romgme me r`spba r`spbass ymag ymag o`ro`i o`ro`imm imre imre brmag brmag ymag ymag  o`ro`im. O`o`rmpm brmag j`oen dmdpu d`agnmimpe sumtu str`ssbr imrepmim brmag jmea. Iejmea penmf, brmag jmea r`atma t`rnmimp str`ss, eae o`rmrte d`r`fm teimf tei mf dmdpu dmdpu o`rmim o`rmimptm ptmse se i`agma i`agma str str`ssb `ssbr. r. Xumtu Xumtu dbi`rm dbi`rmtbr tbr mimjmn mimjmn sumtu sumtu fbaiese, prejmfu, mtmu fmrmft`restef ymag d`dp`agmrune nuouagma matmrm ium vmremo`j.

 

Xtr`ss Buthbd`s s`aiere t`romge ? 3 =. Eaie Eaieve veiu iu But Buthb hbd` d`ss 

Fbas`fu`ase [sefbjbge Mase`tms/F`h`dmsma, mpmtes, f`p`rhmymma iere ymag r`aimn, mggr`sel, ima i`pr`se.



Lesebjbge Buthbd`s [`aeag [`a eagfmt fmtma ma i`ayut i`ayut cmatua cmatuag, g, p`aeag p`aeagfmt fmtma ma t`fmam t`fmama a imrmn, imrmn, o`rf`r o`rf`reag eagmt, mt,  p`aeagfmtma fmimr gujm imrmn, ima d`aeagfmtfma d`aeagfmtfma prbiufse msmd jmdouag

?. Brgm Brgmae aesm smse se Buth Buthbd bd`s `s Xtr`ss o`rj`oeen impmt d`ay`omofma f`teimfpumsma imjmd p`f`rcmma. Nmj eae impmt d`ay`omofma turabv`r p`gmwme yma teagge, f`teimfnmierma, ima d`agurmag fea`rcm p`gmwme.

Yep`-tep` dbi`rmtbr  matmrm  matmrm jmea F`preomiema 3 m) Estejmn f`preomiem f`preomiema a d`rucuf pmim s`rmagfmema s`rmagfmema fmr`ft`restef, fmr`ft`restef, t`dp`rmd`a, t`dp`rmd`a, ima f`h`ai`ruagma ymag r`jmtel stmoej, ymag d`do`atuf f`derepma ima p`ro`imma imjmd prejmfu brmag. F`preomiema ieoumt imre jedm ied`ase ymetu 

  @dbtebamj   stmoejety stmoejety d`rupmfma nuouagma ymag pmjeag c`jms imjmd str`ss, ima h`ai`ruag teimf f`wmjmnma i`agma str`ss ima j`oen h`pmt pujen.



  @xstrbv`rseba  @xstrbv`rseba  j`oen j`oen h`ai`r h`ai`ruag uag d`agmj d`agmjmde mde f`mimm f`mimma a `dbseb `dbsebamj amj pbsete pbsetel  l  fmr`am d`r`fm omaymf d`aimpmt iufuagma smmt t`rt`fma.



  Mgr``moj`a`ss h`ai`ruag Mgr``moj`a`ss h`ai`ruag o`rselmt matmgbaes, teimf sedpmtef omnfma fmsmr  t`rnmimp brmag jmea ima f`duagfeama str`ss o`rmsmj imre brmag jmea.



  Hbase`atebusa`ss  Hbase`atebusa`ss  d`rupm d`rupmfma fma ied`as ied`asee Oeg Lel` Lel` ymag ymag s`hmrm s`hmrm fbasest fbasest`a `a  o`rnuouagma i`agma fea`rcm fea`rcm ima f`o`rnmsejma p`f`rcmma.



  Bp`aa`ss

tb

`xp`re`ah`  `xp`re`ah`  o` o`rn rnuo uoua uagf gfma ma

i` i`ag agma ma p` p`ru ruom omnm nma a

fm fmr` r`am am

d`dmaimag p`ruomnma s`omgme sumtu tmatmagma ima oufma mahmdma.  o) [rejmfu tep` M I`leaese prejmfu tep` M (D`y`r Lre`idma ima _my _bs`adma) mimjmn sumtu fbdpj`fs teaimfma `dbse ymag impmt iemdmte imjmd s`temp brmag ymag t`rjeomt

 

s`hmrm mgr`sel imjmd sumtu p`rcumagma ymag t`rus d`a`rus ima tmf n`ate-n`ate uatuf d`ahmpme nmj ymag j`oen jmge imjmd wmftu ymag j`oen seagfmt ima j`oen seagfmt jmge ima cefm p`rju, d`jmwma usmnm ymag o`rf`omjefma imre brmag mtmu nmj jmea. Mimpua fmrmft`restef tep` M matmrm jmea 3 

X`hmrm frbaef o`rusmnm uatuf d`ay`j`smefma s`omaymf duagfea nmj imjmd prebi` wmftu ymag smagmt seagfmt



Mgr`sel, mdoeseus, fbdp`tetetl, ima p`aun `a`rge

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O`ro O` roeh ehmrm mrm i` i`ag agma ma d`j` d`j`im imf-j f-j`i `imf mf,, d`ai d`aibr brba bag g br brma mag g jm jmea ea ua uatu tuf  f  d`ay`j`smefma mpm ymag d`r`fm fmtmfma.



Yeimf smomr, teimf sufm d`auaggu ima d`agmaggmp d`auaggu s`omgme d`doumag wmftu ymag o`rnmrgm.



Xeouf i`agma t`aggmt wmftu ima o`rbre`at`se pmim p`f`rcmma



X`jmju o`rcumag i`agma brmag, nmj, ima prestewm.

h. Iufu Iufuag agma ma sbsem sbsemjj Iufuag Iuf uagma ma sbsemj sbsemj impmt impmt iei`le iei`leaes aesefm efma a s`omgm s`omgmee rmsm aymdma aymdma,, omatum omatuma, a, mtmu ealbrd eal brdmse mse ymag ymag iet`red iet`redmm s`s`brm s`s`brmag ag d`jmju d`jmjuee fbatmf fbatmf lbrdmj lbrdmj mtmu mtmu ealbrd ealbrdmj mj i`agma eaieveiu mtmu f`jbdpbf. Iufuagma sbhemj oesm o`ro`atuf iufuagma `dbse, iufuagma p`aejmema, mtmu iufuagma ealbrdmse. Xudo`r iufuagma ie jumr rumag jeagfup jeagfup p`f`rcmma p`f`rcmma impmt d`ahmfup maggbtm maggbtm f`jumrgm, f`jumrgm, t`dma ,ima jmea-jmea. Mim `dpmt c`aes iufuagma sbsemj 3 

Iufuagma p`agnmrgmma, d`do`refma ealbrdmse omnwm s`s`brmag ie t`redm ima ie nmrgme nmrgme t`rj`p t`rj`pms ms imre imre o`romg o`romgme me p`rsbm p`rsbmjma jma mtmu mtmu f`teim f`teimf f hufupm hufupma a mpmpua.



Iufuagma Iufu agma ealbrdmseba ealbrdmsebamj, mj, d`do`refma d`do`refma omatuma omatuma imjmd d`ai`veaes d`ai`veaesefma, efma, d`dmnmde, ima d`amaggujmage p`rsbmjma.

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[`rs [`rsmn mnmo momt mtma ma sbhem sbhemj, j, d`ag d`agnm nmoe oesf sfma ma wmft wmftu u i` i`ag agma ma br brma mag g jm jmea ea im imjm jmd d f`s`amagma ima mftevetms r`fr`mse.

 

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Iufuag Iuf uagma ma eastru eastrud`a d`atmj, tmj, d`do`r d`do`refm efma a omatum omatuma a f`umag f`umagma, ma, sudo`r sudo`r imym imym dmt`rej, mtmu p`jmymama ymag ie outunfma.

 o.

[`amaggujmagma [`amagguj [`amag gujmag magma ma mimjmn prbs`s prbs`s d`ag`j d`ag`jbjm bjm p`rdeatm p`rdeatmma ma (`fst` (`fst`ram ramjj mtmu mtmu eat`ramj) eat`ra mj) ymag ie aejme aejme s`omgme o`oma mtmu d`j`oene d`j`oene sudo`r sudo`r imym s`s`brmag. s`s`brmag. Fmr`am p`amaggujmagma ymag `l`ftel dmfm dmdpu d`domatu d`agurmage  p`agmrun str`ssbr ima str`ss. [rbs`s p`amaggujmagma d`dejefe tegm fbdpba`a utmdm 3 =. Lmftbr Lmftbr set setumse umsebam bamjj ima ima pre preomi omiee Lmftbr setusebamj mimjmn here-here jeagfuagma ymag d`d`agmrune brmag ymag d`ageat`rpr`tmsefma str`ssbr. Hbatbnaym 3 mdoeguetms imre sumtu setumse s`p`rte o`rcmjma ie s`oumn cmjma ymag g`jmp. Lmftbr preomie Lmftbr preomie mimjmn here f`preomiema f`preomiema ima sudo`r sudo`r imym preomie ymag d`d`agmrune p`aejmema mtms str`ssbr. Hbatbn Hbatbn 3 fmr`am j`jmn mtmu smfet impmt d`aggmaggu eat`rpr`tmse mtms str`ssbr, s`brmag eaieveiu ymag smagmt smag mt j`jmn j`jmn duagfe duagfea a mfma mfma d`aejme d`aejme p`rtma p`rtmaymm ymma a ymag ymag smagmt smagmt pb pbjbs jbs s`omgme sumtu mahmdma mtmu tmatmagma. ?. [`aejm [`aejmema ema fbagae fbagaetel tel mtms mtms str`ss str`ssbr br [`aejm [`a ejmema ema fbagae fbagaetel tel d`ah`r d`ah`rdea deafma fma p`rs`p p`rs`pse se f`s`jur f`s`jurun unma ma s`brma s`brmag g eaieveiu mtmu `vmjumse mtms s`oumn setumse mtmu str`ssbr. 8. Xtrmt Xtrmt`g `gee p`ama p`amagg gguj ujma magm gma a Xtrmt`ge p`amagguj Xtrmt`ge p`amaggujmagma magma ieherefma i`ag i`agma ma prejmfu prejmfu ima p`ag`amjma p`ag`amjma fnususs ymag ieguamfma fnusu ieguamfma uatuf d`amaggujmag d`amaggujmagee sumtu setumse. Brmag d`ag d` agg guamf uamfma ma

su sumt mtu u

fb fbdo doea eams msee

im imre re

tegm tegm

p`a `ai i`f `fmt mtma ma

uat atu uf 

d`amaggujmage st`r`sbr ima st`r`s ymetu strmt`ge p`ag`aimjema 9. G`cmjm-G`cmjm Xtr`s

Y`rry O``nr ima Cbna A`wdma (imjmd _eh`, =555) d`agfmce ujmag o`o`rmpm fmsuss str`s fmsu str`s p`f`rcm p`f`rcmma ma ima d`ayed d`ayedpuj pujfma fma tegm tegm g`cmjm g`cmjm imre imre str`s str`s pmim pmim eaieve eaieveiu, iu, ymetu3

 

=)

G`cmjm psefbjbges 

F`h`dmsma, f`t`gmagma, f`oeaguagma ima duimn t`rseagguag



[`rmsmma lrustrmse, rmsm dmrmn, ima i`aimd (f`o`ahema)

 

X`asetel ima nyp`rr`mhtevety D`d`aimd p`rmsmma, p`amrefma iere, ima i`pr`se



Fbduaefmse ymag teimf `l`ftel 

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[`rmsmma t`rfuhej ima t`rmseag



F`obsmama ima f`teimfpumsma f`rcm



[`auruama luagse eat`j`ftumj, ima f`nejmagma fbas`atrmse

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F`nejmagma spbatmaetms ima fr`mtevetms



D`auruaaym rmsm p`rhmym iere

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G`cmjm lesebjbges D`aeag D`a eagfmt fmtaym aym i`ayut i`ayut cmatua cmatuag, g, t`fmam t`fmama a imrmn, imrmn, ima f`h`ai f`h`ai`ru `ruagm agma a

?)

d`agmjmde p`aymfet fmriebvmsfujmr  

D`aeagfmtaym s`fr`se imre nbrdba str`s



Gmagguma gmstrbeat`steamj (desmjaym gmagguma jmdouag)



D`aeagfmtaym lr`fu`ase imre jufm lesef ima f`h`jmfmma



F`j`jmnma s`hmrm lesef



Gmagguma p`rampmsma, t`rdmsuf gmagguma imre fbaiese ymag mim



Gmagguma pmim fujet

 

Xmfet f`pmjm, smfet pmim puagguag omgema omwmn, f`t`gmagma btbt Gmagguma teiur 



_usmfaym luagse edua tuoun

8)

G`cmjm p`rejmfu 

D`auaim, d`agneaimre p`f`rcmma, ima mos`a imre p`f`rcmma



D`auruaaym pr`stmse (p`rlbrdmah`) ima prbiuftevetms



D`aeagfmtaym p`agguamma deaudma f`rms ima bomt-bomtma

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[`rejmfu smobtms` imjmd p`f`rcmma



[`rejmfu dmfma ymag teimf abrdmj

 



D`aeagfmtaym mgr`sevetms, vmaimjesd`, ima fredeamjetms



D`auruaaym fumjetms nuouagma eat`rp`rsbamj i`agma f`jumrgm ima t`dma



F`h`ai`ruagma uatuf d`jmfufma ouaun iere.

G`cmjm-g`cmjm str`s ie t`dpmt f`rcm ymag s`reag t`rcmie, ymetu d`jepute3

=.

F`pumsma f`rcm r`aimn

?.

Fea`rcm ymag d`aurua

8.

X`dmagmt ima `a`rge d`acmie nejmag

9.

Fbduaefmse teimf jmahmr  

0.

[`agmdoejma f`putusma c`j`f  

96 _booeas, =558).