Organizational Behavior Midterm

1. Which of the following reflects the extent to which the work environment is perceived as positive and reinforcing, and conflict and change are managed effectively? (Points: 2) Social system stability Organizational identity Facilitate collective commitment Socialization Sense-making device

2. According to research, financial performance was higher among companies that had: (Points: 2) Culture clashes Adaptive and flexible cultures Young managers in top management positions Established cultures with at least 20 years of experienced management team Overseas exposure with minimum diversity in management team

3. Affective outcome(s) for a socialized insider include which of these? (Points: 2) Remains with organization Spontaneously innovates and cooperates Performs role assignments High job involvement

All of these

4. Mentoring is currently viewed as a process in which protégées seek developmental guidance from a network of people, who are referred to as: (Points: 2) Developers Managers Relatives Functional specialists Organizational ombudsman

5. Societal culture is shaped by all of these environmental factors except: (Points: 2) Ethnic background Religion Assumptions and expectations Political; legal setting Economic setting

6. The belief that one's native country, culture, language, and behavior are superior to all others is: (Points: 2) Individualism Polychronic time

Cultural relativism Monochronic time Ethnocentrism

7. Current and future managers can effectively deal with ethnocentrism through all of these except: (Points: 2) Education Greater cross-cultural awareness Cultural relativism International experience Valuing cultural diversity

8. Inequality in social situations represents which of Hofstede's dimension? (Points: 2) Power distance Individualism-collectivism Masculinity-femininity Uncertainty avoidance High versus low-context

9. According to the GLOBE project studies, Americans scored high on ______ and _______. (Points: 2)

performance orientation; future orientation power distance; assertiveness humane orientation; gender egalitarianism performance orientation; assertiveness in-group collectivism; societal collectivism

10. The U.S. Census Bureau predicts that minority groups will constitute almost 50% of the U.S. population by 2050. (Points: 2) True False

11. A(n) ______ represents a person's mental picture of an event or object. (Points: 2) Schema Cognitive category Stereotype Attention Attribution

12. Long-term memory is made up of three compartments: (Points: 2) Events, semantic, and person

Encoding, decoding, and processing Individual, group, and organization Storage, retention, and response Perception, personality, and attitude

13. If a student rates all his professors average on all dimensions of performance regardless of their actual performance, he is committing which of these perceptual errors? (Points: 2) Self-serving bias Central tendency Contrast effects Recency effects Halo

14. ____________ belongs to the external dimensions of the diversity wheel. (Points: 2) Union affiliation Religion Sexual orientation Ethnicity Seniority

15. Gloria believes that she has always performed at her best at World Class Computers. She has also received the best performance ratings from her supervisor every year. However, she has not been promoted for the last five years. Many of her male counterparts have been promoted. Gloria is facing which of these? (Points: 2) Self-serving bias Glass ceiling Contrast effects Fundamental attribution bias Recency effect

16. ______ practices relate to managers' responsibility to treat diverse employees fairly. (Points: 2) Recruitment Development Ethnocentricity Accountability Central tendency

17. Extrinsic motivation is caused by the desire to attain specific outcomes. (Points: 2) True False

18. Nick likes to work, and is also concerned with discipline and self-respect. He has the desire to teach and encourage others to achieve. Nick can be described as an individual with a high need for ______. (Points: 2) power self-actualization affiliation growth achievement

19. A model of intrinsic motivation includes all of these factors except: (Points: 2) Sense of meaningfulness Sense of choice Sense of competence Sense of urgency Sense of progress

20. According to research, employees' job satisfaction was significantly related to middle management's commitment to MBO implementation. (Points: 2) True False

21. Outcomes of the employee-employer exchange include all of the following except: (Points: 2)

Seniority Job security Status symbols Recognition Fringe benefits

22. An individual's tolerance for negative and positive equity is called: (Points: 2) Dynamic equity Interactional justice Expectancy threshold Equity sensitivity Instrumentality

23. Which of these is NOT a practical lesson from equity theory? (Points: 2) The best way to manage job behavior is to adequately understand underlying cognitive processes. Hiring and promotion decisions should not be merit based because of negative inequity. Managers should minimize employee participation in decision making due to procedural justice implications. Employees should not be allowed to appeal managerial decisions since it affects negatively on interactional justice.

Because of individual differences, individuals in group setting should be treated differently.

24. According to Vroom, "expectancy" refers to which of these linkages? (Points: 2) Performance ¨ Effort Outcome ¨ Performance Performance ¨ Outcome Effort ¨ Performance Valence ¨ Effort

25. Shaping is defined as the process of reinforcing closer and closer approximations to a target behavior. (Points: 2) True False