Organizador Curricular FBG Lingua Inglesa

 

@^EFJBYFM@^ KW^^BKWAF^ _@^ NBHG[]^G

C@^HFÅË@ EG^FA NÆ[BKF (CEN) GJ[BJ@BJEAG[F HÂMB@ AÈJEWF

6¹ FJ@ | >¹ FJ@ | ;¹ FJ@

 

 

 

6¹ FJ@ @^EFJBYFM@^ KW^^BKWAF^ _@^ NBHG[]^G C@^HFÅË@ EG^FA NÆ[BKF (CEN)

AÈJEWF BJEAG[F GJ[BJ@ HÂMB@ AÈJEWF BJEAG[F BJEAG[F   6¹ FJ@ B NBHG[]^G  NBHG[]^G  DFNBABMFMG[   G[_GKÈCBKF[ DFNBABMFMG[ G[_GKÈCBKF[   M@[ DFNBABMFMG[ MG Æ^GF MF NJKK

KFH_@[ MG KFH_@[  MG

@NIG]@[ MG K@JDGKBHGJ]@ F]WFÅË@   [@KBFA F]WFÅË@ [@KBFA   (GH6;AEE6?6AB?6_G) K`hprggjsë` `rfa/agbturf  ‛ Bmgjtbcbkfr f bmgbf kgjtrfa g fs bjc`rhfå÷gs Eéjgr`s `rfbs g/`u gskrbt`s (k`hgjtærb` rfmb`cýjbk`, sgkujmærbfs f pfrtbr mg gjujkbfm`s `rfbs (qufjm` gjtrgvbstf, mgnftgs, sghbjærb`s, gjtrg `utr`s). SBMF _ÙNABKF ` rbth` mf cfaf c`r rgaftbvfhgjtg  agjt`  g  Fjæabsg Abjeuèstbkf9 _grs`jfa _r`j`ujs,[bhpag kafr`)   g/`u  tgxt`s gskrbt`s, gh aèjeuf _rgsgjt, Fmvgrns `c crgqugjky, vgrn t` dfvg. bjeagsf, j`s mbvgrs`s mbvgrs`s kfhp`s mg ftufåë` s`kbf s`kbfaa (gsk`af, trfnfad`, afzgr, afzgr,  gjtrg `utr`s).  `utr`s).  (GH6;AEE6?6) K`hprggjmgr g fjfabsfr pr`kgss`s mg pr`muåë` g kbrkuafåë` mg (GH6;AEE6?6AB?>_G) K`hprggjsë` @rfa/ mbskurs`s, jfs mbcgrgjtgs abjeufegjs, pfrf Agbturf - K`hprggjmg K`hprggjmgrr bjc`rhfå÷gs gspgkècbkfs agegjmfs, fjùjkb`s kurt`s, Eéjgr`s `rfbs (mbæa`e`s, gxp`sbå÷gs `rfbs, ]gm ]fals, cfzgr gsk`adfs cujmfhgjtfmfs gh cujåë` (tfbs k`h` tètua`s, agegjmfs, mg bjtgrgssgs pgss`fbs g k`agtbv`s. gjtrg `utr`s) gh aèjeuf bjeagsf, fn`rmfmfs gjtrg `utr`s) g gskrbt`s (tgxt`s mgskrbtbv`s9 abstf mg k`hprfs, rgaft`s s`nrg vbfegjs, fjùjkb`s mg gh sbtufå÷gs mg K`hujbkfåë` `rfa g/`u SBMF _G[[@FA kafssbcbkfm`s, gjtrg `utr`s). Fjæabsg Abjeuèstbkf9 tgxt`s gskrbt`s Mbvgrs`s (mbæa`e`s, gxp`sbå÷gs _r`j`ujs, _rgsgjt fjm _fst K`jtbju`us, `rfbs, gjtrgvbstfs, ]gm ]fals, cbahgs/sârbgs, Bjtgrr`eftbvg _r`j`ujs, _`ssgssbvg (pr`j`ujs fjm fmigktbvgs). gjtrg `utr`s), k`jc`rhg mbcgrgjtgs k`jtgxt`s (j` trfnfad`, jf gsk`af, j` afzgr, gjtrg `utr`s),  `utr`s),  rgafkb`jfm`s  k`h  rgafkb`jfm`s k`h tghfs tghfs  mf  mf  ftufabmfmg. ftufabmfmg.  

 

K@H_@JGJ]G[  

 

AÈJEWF BJEAG[F BJEAG[F   6¹ FJ@ NBHG[]^G  BB NBHG[]^G  DFNBABMFMG[[ MG Æ^GF MF NJKK DFNBABMFMG

DFNBABMFMG[ G[_GKÈCBKF[ G[_GKÈCB KF[ M@[ K@H_@JGJ]G[

@NIG]@[ MG K@JDGKBHGJ]@

((GH6;AEE;?6AB63_G) _r`muåë` @rfa/Gskrbtf ‛  Eéjgr`s punabkbtærb`s (fjùjkb`s, kfrtfzgs, c`amgrs, (GH6;AEE;?6) _frtbkbpfr mg pr`kgss`s _r`muzbr tgxt`s gh mbcgrgjtgs h`mfabmfmgs, bjc`eræcbk`s, fvbs`s, gjtrg `utr`s, gh vgrs÷gs mg pr`muåë` bjmbvbmufa g k`afn`rftbvf eéjgr`s g sup`rtgs, k`jsbmgrfjm` f tghætbkf bhprgssfs g/`u mbebtfbs)< Fjæabsg Abjeuèstbkf9 gh mbcgrgjtgs abjeufegjs (frtèstbkfs, fn`rmfmf g `s gcgbt`s mg sgjtbm` pr`h`vbm` pga`s Bhpgrftbvg C`rh< H`mfa Sgrns (kfj, k`uam, huatbssghbûtbk`s bk`s k`rp`rfbs g vgrnfbs), agvfjm` gh k`jtf rgkurs`s agxbkfbs, fumb`vbsufbs g huatbssghbût sufs c`rhfs g sgus cujkb`jfhgjt`s, utbabzfm`s (c`jtgs, jgerbt`, erbc`s, btæabk`, k`rgs, hfy,hbedt)< _grs`jfa _r`j`ujs< Fmigktbvg _r`j`ujs, Mgh`jstrftbvg tbvg _r`j`ujs< _`ssgssbvg (_r`j`ujs fjm pfrf pr`muzbr sgjtbm`s gh mbcgrgjtgs bhfegjs, v`auhg m`s s`js, gjtrg `utr`s), agvfjm` Mgh`jstrf Fmigktbvg). gh k`jtf sufs c`rhfs g sgus cujkb`jfhgjt`s, pfrf k`jtgxt`s. pr`muzbr sgjtbm`s gh mbcgrgjtgs mbcgrgjtgs k`jtgxt`s.  k`jtgxt`s.

 

KFH_@[ MG F]WFÅË@ [@KBFA

_^Æ]BKF[ MG G[]WM@ G _G[VWB[F

 

AÈJEWF BJEAG[F BJEAG[F   6¹ FJ@ BBB NBHG[]^G NBHG[]^G   DFNBABMFMG[[ MG Æ^GF MF NJKK DFNBABMFMG

DFNBABMFMG DFNBABMFMG[[ G[_GKÈCBKF[ G[_GKÈCBKF [ M@[ K@H_@JGJ]G[

(GH6;AEE;?=AB>;_G) K`hprggjsë` @rfa/ (GH6;AEE;?=) C`rhuafr pr`p`stfs, Agbturf- Fprggjmgr, mg tgxt`s gh aèjeuf bjeagsf bjtgrvbr g t`hfr mgkbs÷gs qug qu g agvgh gh (bjc`rhftbv`s, rgp`rtfegjs, m`kuhgjtærb`s, gtk.) f k`jtf ` ngh k`huh g `s Mbrgbt`s pfrtbr mg gstrftâebfs mg gskutf/ agbturf Duhfj`s, f k`jskbéjkbf pgrtbjgjtgs, bjc`rhfå÷gs egrfbs g gspgkècbkfs s`kb`fhnbgjtfa s`kb`fhnbgjt fa g ` k`jsuh` s`nrg tghfs abefm`s ïs rgafå÷gs mg hgb` rgsp`jsævga gh îhnbt` a`kfa, rgeb`jfa g fhnbgjtg g k`jsuh`, qug cujmfhgjtgh ea`nfa. p`jt`s mg vbstf.

@NIG]@[ MG K@JDGKBHGJ]@

KFH_@[ MG KFH_@[  MG F]WFÅË@  [@KBFA F]WFÅË@  [@KBFA  

Eéjgr` i`rjfaèstbk` (gmbt`rbfa, j`tèkbf, rgp`rtfegh, frtbe` mg `pbjbë`, dbstûrbf gh qufmrbjd`s, fjùjkb` kafssbcbkfm`, kfrt``j, gjtrg `utr`s)< ^gfmbje [trftgebgs (hfbj bmgf, cbjmbje gvbmgjkgs, ...) Fjæabsg Abjeuèstbkf9 Sgrn t` ng (prgsgjt fjm pfst), _aurfa `c j`ujs< Vufjtbcbgrs< Mgh`jstrftbvg Mgh`jstrftbvg _r`j`ujs< Juhngrs.

I@^JFAÈ[]BK@ HBMBÆ]BK@

(GH6;AEE=?6AB>7_G) K`hprggjsë` @rfa/Agbturf- Bmgjtbcbkfr bjc`rhfå÷gs egrfbs gh Eéjgr`s `rfbs (gskutf mg tgxt`s c`rhfbs g/`u tgxt`s `rfbs g/`u gskrbt`s (m`kuhgjtærb` ( m`kuhgjtærb`s, s, (GH6;AEE=?6) Fjfabsfr krbtbkfhgjtg m`kuhgjtærb`s, `s, frtbe`s, gjtrgvbstfs gtk.) qug fp`jtgh fspgkt`s bjc`rhfbs, k`h` mbæa`e`s, hùsbkfs, m`kuhgjtærb tgxt`s mg h`m` f k`hprggjmgr g kuaturfbs gspgkècbk`s mg mbcgrgjtgs pfèsgs cfafjtgs gjtrg `utr`s) `u gskrbt`s (kfrtf m` agbt`r, gjtrgvbstfs, kfrfktgrbzfr fs aèjeufs k`h` cgjýhgj` frtbe`s, gjtrg `utr`s...). Fjæabsg Abjeuèstbkf9 mg aèjeuf bjeagsf, rgafkb`jfjm`-`s (p`r (eg`)p`aètbk`, dbstûrbk`, s`kbfa, kuaturfa, fcfstfhgjt` fcfstfhg jt` `u fpr`xbhfåë`) fpr`xbhfåë`) k`h fspgkt`s mf Erggtbjes, [bhpag _rgsgjt, Fmvgrns `c crgqugjky, vfrbævga, dgtgr`eéjg` g sgjsèvga f`s Sgrn t` dfvg, Sgrn ]dgrg t` ng fjm _rgp`sbtb`js, j`ssf kuaturf abjeuèstbkf a`kfa, tfbs k`h`9 k`jtgxt`s mg us`. Bhpgrftbvg C`rh. gxprgss÷gs mg p`abmgz, p`abmgz, c`rhfabmfmg g bjc`rhfabmfmg j` us` mf aèjeuf, aèjeuf,  k`jc`rhg k`jc`rhg   mbcgrgjtgs  k`jtgxt`s. mbcgrgjtgs k`jtgxt`s.  

 

KFH_@ I@^JFAÈ[]BK@ HBMBÆ]BK@

 

AÈJEWF BJEAG[F BJEAG[F   6¹ FJ@ BS NBHG[]^G NBHG[]^G   DFNBABMFMG[ MG Æ^GF MF NJKK

DFNBABMFMG[   G[_GKÈCBKF[ DFNBABMFMG[ G[_GKÈCBKF[   M@[ K@H_@JGJ]G[  

@NIG]@[ MG K@JDGKBHGJ]@

GH6;AEE=?>AB>3_G)_r`muåë` GH6;AEE=?>AB>3_G) _r`muåë` @rfa/ Gskrbtf_r`muzbr tgxt`s `rfbs g/`u gskrbt`s, sgrvbjm`-sg m`s Eéjgr`s mgskrbtbv`s g/`u jfrrftbv`s (rgaft`s mg (GH6;AEE=?>) Ghprgefr, jfs rgkurs`s mf vfrbfåë` abjeuèstbkf, gh sbtufå÷gs qug vbfegh, mg gxpgrbéjkbf, kfrtë` p`stfa, nbadgtg, bjtgrfå÷gss s`kbfbs, f vfrbgmfmg g ` bjtgrfå÷g sbhuagh prætbkfs mg abjeufegh gh mbcgrgjtgs kfhp`s abstf mg k`hprfs, fppabkftb`j c`rh, kfrms, gstba` mg aèjeuf fmgqufm`s ï sbtufåë` mf ftufåë` s`kbfa (br f` hgrkfm`, f` rgstfurfjtg, cfzgr k`hujbkftbvf, f`(s) bjtgra`kut`r(gs) g f` c`amgrs, vèmg`s, gjtrg `utr`s). Fjæabsg uhf vbfegh, pgmbr bjc`rhfå÷gs, pfrtbkbpfr mg uhf eéjgr` m` mbskurs`, rgspgbtfjm` `s us`s Abjeuèstbkf9 [bhpag Cuturg, Cuturg wbtd k`h gjtrgvbstf mg ghprge`, gjtrg `utr`s), k`jsbmgrfjm` mfs aèjeufs p`r gssg(s) bjtgra`kut`r(gs) bjtgra`kut`r(gs) e`bje t`< Juhngrs (kfrmbjfa fjm `rmbjfa) mftgs, sgus bjtgra`kut`rgs, mg h`m` f usfr f aèjeuf bjeagsf g sgh prgk`jkgbt` abjeuèstbk`. prgp`sbtb`js. k`h kgrtf fut`j`hbf, mg fk`rm` k`h f rgfabmfmg m` gstumfjtg.

 

KFH_@[ MG KFH_@[  MG F]WFÅË@  [@KBFA F]WFÅË@  [@KBFA  

SBMF _G[[@FA

 

 

>¹ FJ@ @^EFJBYFM@^ KW^^BKWAF^ _@^ NBHG[]^G C@^HFÅË@ EG^FA NÆ[BKF (CEN)

AÈJEWF BJEAG[F GJ[BJ@ HÂMB@  BJEAG[F  AÈJEWF BJEAG[F  >¹ FJ@ B NBHG[]^G  NBHG[]^G  DFNBABMFMG [ MF Æ^GF NJKK DFNBABMFMG[ (GH6;AEE6?>) Fjfabsfr vbs÷gs mg hujm`, k`jcabt`s mg bjtgrgssg, prgk`jkgbt`ss g bmg`a`ebfs prgsgjtgs j`s prgk`jkgbt` mbskurs`s vgbkuafm`s jfs mbcgrgjtgs hèmbfs, fhpabfjm` sufs p`ssbnbabmfmgs mg gxpabkfåë`, bjtgrprgtfåë` g bjtgrvgjåë` krètbkf mf/jf rgfabmfmg. (GH6;AEE6?;) Fjfabsfr ` cujkb`jfhgjt` mfs abjeufegjs, pfrf bjtgrprgtfr g pr`muzbr krbtbkfhgjtg mbskurs`s gh tgxt`s mg mbvgrsfs sghb`sgs (vbsufbs, vgrnfbs, s`j`rfs, egstufbs).

KFH_@[ MG DFNBABMFMG[ G[_GKÈCBKF[ G[_GKÈCB KF[ M@ K@H_@JGJ]G @NIG]@[ MG K@JDGKBHGJ]@ F]WFÅË@ [@KBFA  [@KBFA  (GH6;AEE6?>AB?;_G) K`hprggjsë` @rfa/ AgbturfEéjgr`s `rfbs (pr`erfhfs (pr`erfhfs mg ræmb` g ]S, ^gk`jdgkgr g fjfabsfr mbcgrgjtgs p`jt`s mg vbstf fkgrkf m`kuhgjtærb`s, m`kuhgjtær b`s, j`tèkbfs, vbmg`j`tèkbfs mg fssujt`s mg bjtgrgssg pgss`fa `u k`agtbv` k`jc`rhg p`mkfsts, vèmg`s jf bjtgrjgt, rgp`rtfegjs, SBMF _ÙNABKF mbvgrsfs sbtufå÷gs mg gxp`sbåë` `rfa (pr`erfhfs mg gjtrg `utr`s)< Fjæabsg Abjeuèstbkf9 Udræmb` g ]S, m`kuhgjtærb`s, j`tèkbfs,  vbmg`j`tèkbfs,  p`mkfsts,  Vugstb`js< K`jjgkt`rs/ Abjlbje w`rms (fjm, vèmg`s  jf  bjtgrjgt, rgp`rtfegjs gtk.), k`jsbmgrfjm` ` rbth` s`,nut, gtk.). mf cfaf rgaftbvfhgjtg agjt`. (GH6;AEE6?;AB?7_G) K`hprggjsë` @rfa / Agbturf-

^gk`jdgkgr pfmr÷gs tèpbk`s mg `rmgh mfsrgmuzbmfs pfafvrfs jf kuabjærbfs, Eéjgr`s bjstrukb`jfbs (hfjufbs, rgkgbtfs _^Æ]BKF[ MG aèjeuf bjeagsf, rgk`jdgkgjm`j c`rhfs rgerfs mg i`e`s, tut`rbfbs, gjtrg rgprgsgjtfmfss tfjt` jf c`rhf gskrbtf qufjt` jf rgprgsgjtfmf `utr`s) Fjæabsg Abjeuèstbkf9 Bhpgrftbvg G[]WM@ G _G[VWB[F `rfabmfmg, mgtgktfjm` sbejbcbkfm`s gxprgss`s gxprgss`s  gh gh   C`rh< Vugstb`j tfe< ^gcagxbvg _r`j`ujs. mbcgrgjtgs  c`rhfs mbcgrgjtgs c`rhfs  erfhftbkfbs erfhftbkfbs  g sgjtgjåfs. (GH6;AEE6?7AB?2_G) K`hprggjsë` Agbturf- ^gk`jdgkgr (GH6;AEE6?7) Fjfabsfr g gxpgrbhgjt gxpgrbhgjtfr fr fs rgafå÷gs mg bjtgrgssg gxbstgjtgs jf pr`pfefåë` mg uh hgsh` k`jtgùm` gh vgèkua`s mg k`hujbkfåë` mbvgrs`s pr`kgss`s mg rghbmbfåë` mg ]gxt`s bjc`rhftbv`s bhprgss`s g/`u mbebtfbs. I@^JFAÈ[]BK@mbcgrgjtgs g gxprgss`s f pfrtbr mg eéjgr`s tgxtufbs pr`muå÷gs pr`muå÷ gs huatbssghbûtbkf huatbssghbûtbkfs, s, huatbhèmbf Fjæabsg Abjeuèstbkf9 Bjcbjbtbvg x Egrujm< HBMBÆ]BK@ mbstbjt`s (jgws, na`e, hghg gtk.), mgh`jstrfjm` g trfjshèmbf, mgsgjv`avgjm` mbcgrgjtgs Bjmgcbjbtg _r`j`ujs. h`m`s mg pfrtbkbpfåë` g bjtgrvgjåë` k`jskbéjkbf fkgrkf mf p`ssbnbabmfmg mf hfjbpuafåë` mg bjc`rhfå÷gs (cflg jgws) g `s bhpfkt`s s`kbfbs mgstf s`kbfa. prætbkf.  

 

BJEAG[F   AÈJEWF BJEAG[F >¹ FJ@ BB NBHG[]^G  NBHG[]^G  KFH_@[ MG DFNBABMFMG[ MF Æ^GF NJKK DFNBABMFMG[ G[_GKÈCBKF[ G[_GKÈCBKF [ M@ K@H_@JGJ]G @NIG]@[ MG K@JDGKBHGJ]@ F]WFÅË@ [@KBFA  [@KBFA  ]gxt`s huatbssghbûtbk`s (kfhpfjdfs GH6;AEE6?7) Fjfabsfr g gxpgrbhgjtfr gxpgrbhgjtfr (GH6;AEE6?7AB6?_G) _r`muåë` Gskrbtf- (^g)krbfr tgxt`s punabkbtærbfs, i`rjfa bhprgss` g/`u mbebtfa, mbvgrs`s pr`kgss`s mg rghbmbfåë` mg gskrbt`s gh aèjeuf bjeagsf, mg kfrætgr huatbssghbûtbk` cûruh `j-abjg, kdft), rgkurs`s abjeuèstbk`s pr`muå÷gs huatbssghbûtbkfs, SBMF _ÙNABKF (pr`erfhf mg ræmb`, kfjfa jf Bjtgrjgt, i`rjfa bhprgss` `u g gcgbt`s mg sgjtbm` m` aâxbk`. Fjæabsg huatbhèmbf g trfjshèmbf, mgsgjv`avgjm` mbebtfa) k`h` pr`p`stf mg bjtgrvgjåë` s`kbfa fkgrkf mg Abjeuèstbkf9 ^gaftbvg _r`j`ujs (wd`, mbcgrgjtgs h`m`s mg pfrtbkbpfåë` g faeuh tghf mf rgfabmfmg gstumfjtba. wdgrg, wdbkd, wd`sg, tdft). bjtgrvgjåë` s`kbfa. (GH6;AEE>?;AB6=_G) K`hprggjsë` @rfa/ AgbturfEéjgr`s `rfbs g `u gskrbt`s (abstf mg ^gk`jdgkgr, gh tgxt`s gskrbt`s g /`u cfafm`s gh aèjeuf k`hprfs, rgaft`s s`nrg vbfegjs, fjùjkb`s (GH6;AEE>?;) Fjfabsfr `s mbæa`e`s g `s mg gaghgjt`s agxbkfbs prgsgjtgs j` k`tbmbfj` g qug mg kafssbcbkfm`s, agtrfs mg hùsbkf, kgjfs mg pr`kgss`s mg mbsputf p`r agebtbhbmfmg bjeagsf, kfrfktgrbzgh hfrkfs bmgjtbtærbfs m` bjeaés, gh mbvgrs`s SBMF _G[[@FA cbahg/sârbg gtk)< tgxt`s abtgrærb`s (p`ghfs, jfs prætbkfs mg abjeufegh g gh sufs pfèsgs, g j`s pfèsgs `jmg gag â cfafm`, k`h` sgeujmf aèjeuf k`jt`s, cænuafs). Fjæabsg Abjeuèstbkf9 pr`muå÷gs (frtèstbkfs, k`rp`rfbs g `u k`h` aèjeuf gstrfjegbrf, g gh k`hpfrfåë` k`h f H`mfa Sgrns (kfj, k`uam, hfy, hbedt, vgrnfbs). aèjeuf p`rtueugsf (aèjeuf hftgrjf),mgh`jstrfjm` hftgrjf),mgh`jstrfjm` hust, sd`uam), K`jjgkt`rs (nut, fjm, s`...). k`hprggjsë` fkgrkf m` mbæa`e` bjtgrkuaturfa. (GH6;AEE;?6AB65_G)_r`muåë` (GH6;AEE;?6AB65_G) _r`muåë` Gskrbtf/ @rfa- _r`muzbr, (GH6;AEE;?6) _frtbkbpfr mg pr`kgss`s bjmbvbmufa g/ `u k`agtbvfhgjtg, k`agtbvfhgjtg, tgxt`s `rfbs g/ `u gskrbt`s Eéjgr` punabkbtærb`, rgkurs`s abjeuèstbk`s g mg pr`muåë` bjmbvbmufa g k`afn`rftbvf huatbssghbûtbk`s k`s g gcgbt`s mg sgjtbm` m` qug ghprgeugh rgkurs`s pgrsufsbv`s (k`hgrkbfbs pfrf ræmb` huatbssghbûtb gh mbcgrgjtgs abjeufegjs (frtèstbkfs, aâxbk` (cfjcbks, n``ltung, fjùjkb`, g tv, fjùjkb`s punabkbtærb`s, punabkbtærb`s, gtk.), vgrnfbs g jë` vgrnfbs, mg SBMF _ÙNABKF k`rp`rfbs g vgrnfbs), agvfjm` gh k`jtf bjc`eræcbk`s, gjtrg `utr`s ). Fjæabsg h`m` krbftbv`, rgspgbtfjm` fs gspgkbcbkbmfmgs mf aèjeuf sufs c`rhfs g sgus cujkb`jfhgjt` cujkb`jfhgjt`s, s, Abjeuèstbkf9 _`ssgssbvg Kfsg< K`hpfrftbvg bjeagsf (c`rhfs vgrnfbs, gjt`jfåë` gtk.), ngh k`h` fs pfrf pr`muzbr sgjtbm`s gh mbcgrgjtgs fjm [upgraftbvg Mgergg `c Fmigktbvgs. kfrfktgrèstbkfs kfrfktgrèstbk fs prûprbfs mg kfmf eéjgr` gsk`adbm`, k`jtgxt`s. k`jsbmgrfjm` gstruturfs abjeuèstbkfs hfbs cfhbabfrgs. cfhbabfrgs.

 

 

AÈJEWF BJEAG[F BJEAG[F   >¹ FJ@ NBHG[]^G  BBB NBHG[]^G  DFNBABMFMG[ MF Æ^GF NJKK

DFNBABMFMG DFNBABMFMG[[ G[_GKÈCBKF[ G[_GKÈCBK F[ M@ K@H_@JGJ]G

(GH6;AEE3?=AB;?_G)_r`muåë` (GH6;AEE3?=AB;?_G) _r`muåë` @rfa - Gxprgssfr-sg `rfahgjtg (gxp`sbåë`, (gxp`sbåë`, vèmg`hbjut`, gtk.) gh aèjeuf bjeagsf pfrf fprgsgjtfr prætbkfs kuaturfbs prûprbfs mg (GH6;AEE3?=) ^gafkb`jfr fs prætbkfs frtèstbkfs ïs mbcgrgjtgs mbhgjs÷gs mf rgebë` mgstfkfjm` f bhp`rtîjkbf mgssfs prætbkfs pfrf f vbmf s`kbfa, p`aètbkf g gk`jýhbkf a`kfa, f pfrtbr mg vbmf s`kbfa, kuaturfa, p`aètbkf g pafjgifhgjt` pafjgifhgjt ` prâvb` qug `rbgjtg f sgagåë` mfs gk`jýhbkf g bmgjtbcbkfr ` pr`kgss` mg k`jstruåë` dbstûrbkf mgssfs prætbkfs. bjc`rhfå÷gs, f hgad`r c`rhf mg `refjbzfr ` mbskurs`, k`h kgrtf fut`j`hbf, fbjmf qug k`h  k`h uh  uh rbth` rbth`  mg  mg cfaf  cfaf hfbs hfbs   pfusfm`.   pfusfm`.

(GH6;AEE;?7) Hfpgfr g krbfr, p`r hgb` mg prætbkfs mg abjeufegh, p`ssbnbabmfmgs mg ftufåë` s`kbfa,

(GH6;AEE;?;AB>6_G) @rfa/qug Gskrbtf Gskrbtf- _r`muzbr tgxt`s, bjmbvbmufa `u _r`muåë` k`agtbvfhgjtg, k`agtbvfhgjtg, gxprgssgh mbcgrgjtgs p`jt`s mg vbstf (fergghgjt/ mbsfergghgjt) s`nrg tghfs rgafkb`jfm`s ï ftufabmfmg (k`jsuh` k`jskbgjtg, sustgjtfnbabmfmg, dænbt`s sfumævgbs mg vbmf, kbmfmfjbf pfrtbkbpftbvf gjtrg `utr`s) nfsgfjm`-sg gh cft`s, mfm`s g bjc`rhfå÷gs k`jcbævgbs. (GH6;AEE;?7AB>=_G) _r`muåë` Gskrbtf- Gxprgssfr-sg ftrfvâs mf gskrbtf gh aèjeuf bjeagsf, pfrf mgsgjv`avgr kfhpfjdfs s`kbfbs ftrfvâs mg eéjgr`s tgxtufbs fmgqufm`s

p`aètbkf, frtèstbkf g kuaturfa pfrf gjcrgjtfr mgsfcb`s k`jtghp`rîjg`s, k`jtghp`rîjg`s, mbskutbjm` prbjkèpb`s g `nigtbv`s mgssf ftufåë` mg hfjgbrf krètbkf, krbftbvf, s`abmærbfg âtbkf.

(i`rjfa bhprgss` `u mbebtfa, pfjcagt`, c`adgt`, nfjjgr, kfrtfz, gtk) frtbkuafmfs k`h sbtufå÷gs-pr`nagh s btufå÷gs-pr`naghfs fs mf k`hujbmfmg a`kfa g/`u gsk`afr mg hfjgbrf krètbkf, s`abmærbf g âtbkf, `nsgrvfjm` fs kfrfktgrèstbkf kfrfktgrèstbkfss m`s eéjgr`s g gaghgjt`s k`gsbv`s.

(GH6;AEE;?;) Mgnftgr qugst÷gs p`aéhbkfs mg rgagvîjkbf s`kbfa, fjfabsfjm` mbcgrgjtgs freuhgjt`s g `pbjb÷gs, pfrf c`rhuafr, jge`kbfr g sustgjtfr p`sbå÷gs, crgjtg ï fjæabsg mg pgrspgktbvfs mbstbjtfs.

 

@NIG]@[ MG K@JDGKBHGJ]@

KFH_@[ MG F]WFÅË@ [@KBFA  [@KBFA 

Eéjgr`s `rfbs (tut`rbfbs, tgagc`jghfs, mgkafhfå÷gs, vèmg`s, gjkgjfå÷gs, gjtrg mgkafhfå÷gs, `utr`s) Fjæabsg Abjeuèstbkf9 ^gaftbvg _r`j`ujs (wd`, wdgrg, wdbkd, tdft)< _rgsgjt _grcgkt< _rgsgjt _grcgkt K`jtbju`us< Fmvgrns< K`jjgkt`rs (cbrst, jgxt, fctgr tdft).

F^]È[]BK@AB]G^Æ^B@

Eéjgr`s `rfbs g/`u gskrbt`s (mgnftgs, gxp`sbå÷gs, mgp`bhgjt`s, m`kuhgjtærb`s, m`kuhgjtærb`s, frtbe`s mg `pbjbë`, hfjbcgst`s, gjtrg `utr`s). ^gfmbje [trftgebgs9[kfjjbje, [trftgebgs9[kfjjbje, [lbhhbje. Fjæabsg Abjeuèstbkf9 Vugstb`j ]fe.

I@^JFAÈ[]BK@HBMBÆ]BK@

Eéjgr`s tgxtufbs bhprgss`s g/`u mbebtfbs (i`rjfaèstbk`s, punabkbtærb`s, gjtrg `utr`s). Fjæabsg Abjeubstèkf9 [bhpag _fst fjm _fst K`jtbju`us ]gjsg, Bjmgcbjbtg _r`j`ujs (s`hg, fjy, j` fjm k`hp`ujms)< [bhpag Cuturg fjm Bhhgmbftg Cuturg (E`bje ]`)< Egrujm x Bjcbjbtbvg.

SBMF _ÙNABKF

   

AÈJEWF BJEAG[F BJEAG[F   >¹ FJ@ BS NBHG[]^G  NBHG[]^G  DFNBABMFMG[[ MF Æ^GF NJKK DFNBABMFMG

DFNBABMFMG[ G[_GKÈCBKF[ M@ K@H_@JGJ]G K@H_@JGJ ]G

(GH6;AEE3?;) Gxprgssfr-sg g ftufr gh pr`kgss`s mg krbfåë` fut`rfbs bjmbvbmufbs (GH6;AEE3?;AB>2_G)  _r`muåë` `rfa/ gskrbtf- ^gaftfr g k`agtbv`s jfs mbcgrgjtgs abjeufegjs ftrfvâs mf aèjeuf bjeagsf, `rfahgjtg `rfahgjtg `u p`r gskrbt`, p`r frtèstbkfs (frtgs vbsufbs, fumb`vbsufa, hgb` mg gstruturfs abjeuèstbkfs næsbkfs, prætbkfs kuaturfbs mfjåf, hùsbkf g tgftr`) g jfs kfrfktgrèstbkfs kfrfktgrèst bkfs mf abtgrfturf a`kfa, rgeb`jfa g ea`nfa, bjtgrsgkå÷gss gjtrg gafs, rgk`rrgjm` f bjtgrsgkå÷g gsk`adgjm` eéjgr`s fpr`prbfm`s, pr`h`vgjm` f rgcgréjkbfss gstâtbkfs g kuaturfbs, rgcgréjkbf vfa`rbzfåë` mf kuaturf, mg fk`rm` k`h f rgfabmfmg m`s k`jdgkbhgjt`s k`jdgkbhgjt `s mg jfturgzfs mbvgrsfs gstumfjtgs. (frtèstbk`s, dbstûrbk`s, s`kbfbs g p`aètbk`s) g gxpgrbéjkbfs bjmbvbmufbs g k`agtbvfs.

@NIG]@[ MG K@JDGKBHGJ]@

KFH_@[ MG F]WFÅË@ [@KBFA  [@KBFA 

Eéjgr` abtgrærb` (k`rmga, p`ghf, pgåf mg tgftr`, hbkr` g jfj`k`jt`s, hbkr`jfrrftbvfs hbkr`jfrrf tbvfs mg gjbehf, gjtrg `utr`s). Fjæabsg Abjeuèstbkf9 Fmvgrns fjm Fmvgrnbfa _drfsgs< H`mfa Sgrns (hust, sdfaa, sd`uam, wbaa, w`uam, mfrg, jggm, `uedt t`).

F^]È[]BK@AB]G^Æ^B@

(GH6;AEE;?>) _`sbkb`jfr-sg (GH6>AEE;?>AB62_G)  _r`muåë` @rfa/Gskrbtf- _r`muzbr Eéjgr`s I`rjfaèstbk`s bhprgss`s g/ `u krbtbkfhgjtg mbfjtg mg mbvgrsfs vbs÷gs mg krbtbkfhgjtg tgxt`s mf `rmgh m` freuhgjtfr fjk`rfm`s gh mbcgrgjtgs I@^JFAÈ[]BK@mbebtfbs, mg mbcgrgjtgs sup`rtgs. Fjæabsg hujm` prgsgjtgs j`s mbskurs`s gh eéjgr`s (tgxt`s mg `pbjbë`, na`es, twggts gtk.), k`jc`rhg `s HBMBÆ]BK@ Abjeuèstbkf9 _fst _grcgkt?6AB66_G) K`hprggjsë` mg Agbturf- (^g)k`jdgkgr (GH6;AEE>?6) Wtbabzfr fs mbvgrsfs vgrnfbs gh erbc`s, btæabk`s, jgerbt`s, bjc`rhfå÷gs gh k`jtgxt`s sûkb`-p`aètbk`-kuaturfbs sûkb`-p`aètbk`-kuaturfbs abjeufegjs (frtèstbkfs, k`rp`rfbs g tfhfjd` mf agtrf `u p`r gaghgjt` gaghgjt`ss prgsgjtgs gh tgxt`s huatbssghbûtbk`s gh aèjeuf bjeagsf, vgrnfbs) gh mbcgrgjtgs k`jtgxt`s, bhfeâtbk`s (sèhn`a`s, cbeurfs, fjbhfå÷gs, c`rtfagkgjm` c`rtfagkg jm` f k`hprggjsë` s`nrg mbvgrsbmfmg, vfa`rbzfjm`-fss k`h` cgjýhgj` s`kbfa, vfa`rbzfjm`-f gjtrg `utr`s). Fjæabsg Abjeuèstbkf9 _r`kgss` bmgjtbmfmg  g  rgspgbt`,  fiustfjm` gstrftâebfs mg kuaturfa, dbstûrbk`, vfrbævga, dgtgr`eéjg` mg c`rhfåë` mfs pfafvrfs< K`ejftgs, Cfasg k`hprggjsë` f mbcgrgjtgs pr`pûsbt`s. g sgjsèvga f`s k`jtgxt`s mg us`. K`ejftgs< Gxprgss÷gs bmb`hætbkfs (Bmb`hs).

 

SBMF _ÙNABKF

 

AÈJEWF BJEAG[F BJEAG[F   ;¹ FJ@ NBHG[]^G  BB NBHG[]^G  DFNBABMFMG[[ MF Æ^GF NJKK DFNBABMFMG

(GH6;AEE>?6) Wtbabzfr fs mbvgrsfs abjeufegjs (frtèstbkfs, k`rp`rfbs g vgrnfbs) gh mbcgrgjtgs k`jtgxt`s, vfa`rbzfjm`-fss k`h` cgjýhgj` s`kbfa, vfa`rbzfjm`-f

KFH_@[ MG KFH_@[  MG DFNBABMFMG[ DFNBABMFMG [ G[_GKÈCBKF[ M@ K@H_@JGJ]G  @NIG]@[ MG K@JDGKBHGJ]@ F]WFÅË@  [@KBFA F]WFÅË@  [@KBFA   (GH6;AEE>?6AB6>_G) K`hprggjsë` mg AgbturfAgbturf- Mbstbjeubr sbejbcbkfm`s abtgrfbs g bhpaèkbt`s, k`jsbmgrfjm` fs Eéjgr`s abtgrærb`s abtgrærb`s g bmgjtbcbkfåë` m` eéjgr` _^Æ]BKF[ MG abjeufegjs k`j`tftbvf g mgj`tftbvf, f pfrtbr m` aâxbk` gh c`k`< ^gfmbje [trftgebgs9 bjcgrgjkg, G[]WM@ G gspgkècbk` (gxprgssb`js, pdrfsfa vgrns, h`mfa vgrns, gjtrg skfjjbje, slbhhbje. Fjæabsg Abjeuèstbkf9 _G[VWB[F `utr`s) prgsgjtgs gh eéjgr`s tgxtufbs abtgrærb`s (p`ghs, _drfsfa Sgrns, Bmb`hs, K`aa`kftb` K`aa`kftb`js. js. ayrbks, j`vgas, pafys, gjtrg `utr`s) gh aèjeuf bjeagsf, sbtufjm` ` k`jtgxt` mbskursbv`. Eéjgr`s abtgrærb`s `rfbs (mgkafhfåë` mg (GH6;AEE>?6AB6;_G) _r`muåë` @rfa/Gskrbtf- _r`muzbr

p`ghf, r`hfjkgs, gjtrg `utr`s) g/`u `rfbs g/ `u gskrbt`s, pfrf k`hpfrtbadfr kuaturfa, dbstûrbk`, vfrbævga, dgtgr`eéjg` tgxt`s agtrfs mggskrbt`s hùsbkfs, s`nrg uh mgtgrhbjfm` fssujt` mg bjtgrgssg, bjc`rhfå÷gs `refjbzfm`s (p`ghfs, g sgjsèvga f`s k`jtgxt`s mg us`. mrfhf, gjtrg `utr`s)< Eéjgr`s mf kuaturf mg c`rhf kafrf, mgsgjv`avbm`s gh v`atf mg uh u h tghf kgjtrfa g qug pgrhbtfh ` rgk`jdgkbhgjt` mf vfa`rbzfåë` p`puafr j`rmgstbjf,(eéjgr`s `rfbs, agjmfs, k`jt`s, kfus`s, k`rmga, gjtrg `utr`s). kuaturfa (mf k`hujbmfmg a`kfa, rgeb`jfa g ea`nfa) s`kbfa g Fjæabsg Abjeuèstbkf9 Abjlbje w`rms, _drfsfa dbstûrbkf gh mbcgrgjtgs k`jtgxt`s (fprgkbfåë` mg uh cbahg, pgåf, hùsbkf, p`ghf, fprgsgjtfåë` kuaturfa gtk.) Sgrns< Bmb`hs, K`aa`kftb` K`aa`kftb`js. js.

 

F^]È[]BK@AB]G^Æ^B@

   

AÈJEWF BJEAG[F BJEAG[F   ;¹ FJ@ BBB NBHG[]^G  NBHG[]^G  DFNBABMFMG[[ MF Æ^GF NJKK DFNBABMFMG

DFNBABMFMG[ DFNBABMFMG [ G[_GKÈCBKF[ M@ K@H_@JGJ]G 

@NIG]@[ MG K@JDGKBHGJ]@

KFH_@[ MG KFH_@[  MG F]WFÅË@  [@KBFA F]WFÅË@  [@KBFA  

]gxt`s freuhgjtftbv`s freuhgjtftbv`s (mgcgsf mg p`jt` mg vbstf pfrf sbtufå÷gs k`hujbkftbvfs mgcbjbmfs (GH6;AEE;?>) _`sbkb`jfr-sg (GH6;AEE;?>AB64_G)  _r`muåë` Gskrbtf- _afjgifr uh k`h` mgnftgs, kfrtf m` agbt`r, iustbcbkftbvfs, krbtbkfhgjtg mbfjtg mg mbvgrsfs vbs÷gs tgxt` freuhgjtftbv`, f pfrtbr mf `refjbzfåë` mg bmgbfs mg gjtrg `utr`s). Fjæabsg Abjeuèstbkf9 _fssbvg mg hujm` prgsgjtgs j`s mbskurs`s gh hfjgbrf krètbkf g cujmfhgjtfmf, k`jsbmgrfjm` ` k`jtgxt`, S`bkg, Bmb`hs, K`jjgkt`rs / Abjlgrs (fjm, mbcgrgjtgs abjeufegjs, agvfjm` gh k`jtf fas`, fs wgaa fs, nut, d`wgvgr, bj k`jtrfst, ` tghf g f sbtufåë` mbskursbvf, gh mgcgsf mg p`jt`s mg sgus k`jtgxt`s mg pr`muåë` g mg fatd`ued , `r, gbtdgr ... `r, bj cfkt, bj hy vbstf mg c`rhf futýj`hf, futýj`hf,  s`abmærbf s`abmærbf  g âtbkf. âtbkf.   kbrkuafåë`. `pbjb`j/ bj hy p`bjt `c vbgw, fs f rgsuat, gjtrg `utr`s.)

SBMF _ÙNABKF

(GH6;AEE;?=AB>>_G) _r`muåë`s`kbfahgjtg Gskrbtf/ @rfa@rfa - _r`muzbr Eéjgr`s mbebtfbs (g-hfba, p`mkfst, p`sts gh (GH6;AEE;?=) C`rhuafr pr`p`stfs, tgxt`s qug pgrhbtfh bjtgrfebr pr`p`jm` rgmgs s`kbfbs, hgjsfegjs vbrtufbs, gjtrg bjtgrvbr g t`hfr mgkbs÷gs qug agvgh gh fatgrjftbvfss pfutfmfs jf bmgbf mg ngh k`huh g fatgrjftbvf `utr`s)< Eéjgr` _r`pfefjmf (fjùjkb` k`jtf ` ngh k`huh g `s Mbrgbt`s k`agtbvbmfmg (gx.9 fjùjkb`s punabkbtærb`s pfrf kfhpfjdfs bhprgss` g/`u mbebtfa , c`amgrs, gjtrg Duhfj`s, f k`jskbéjkbf s`kb`fhnbgjtfa s`kb`fhnbgjtfa gmukftbvfs, kurtfs, pfjcagt`s gxpabkftbv`s, vbmg`hbjut`, `utr`s). Fjæabsg Abjeuèstbkf9 K`jmbtb`jfa (Bc) g ` k`jsuh` rgsp`jsævga gh îhnbt` gtk.) pr`h`vgjm` f k`jskbéjkbf s`kb`fhnbg s `kb`fhnbgjtfa jtfa g ` Kafusgs< K`jjgkt`rs fjm Abjlbje U`rms. a`kfa, rgeb`jfa g ea`nfa. k`jsuh` rgsp`jsævga.

SBMF _ÙNABKF

 

 

BJEAG[F   AÈJEWF BJEAG[F ;¹ FJ@ NBHG[]^G  BS NBHG[]^G  DFNBABMFMG[[ MF Æ^GF NJKK DFNBABMFMG

DFNBABMFMG[ DFNBABMFMG [ G[_GKÈCBKF[ M@ K@H_@JGJ]G 

@NIG]@[ MG K@JDGKBHGJ]@

( GH6;AEE=?;AB>5_G) _r`muåë` GskrbtfGskrbtf- K`hujbkfr-sg Eéjgr`s mbebtfbs (g-hfbas, p`sts, hgssfegs, gh aèjeuf bjeagsf, usfjm` f gskrbtf, ftrfvâs mg rgmgs (GH6;AEE=?;) Cfzgr us` m` bjeaés k`h` s`kbfbs g/ `u sbtgs gspgkècbk`s pfrf k`jdgkgr pgss`fs, pfrf fppabkftb`j c`rhs, jfj` g hbkr`k`jt`s, aèjeuf mg k`hujbkfåë` ea`nfa, agvfjm` na`es, twggts, gjtrg `utr`s). Fjæabsg pgmbr bjc`rhfå÷gs s`nrg p`jt`s turèstbk`s, n`asfs mg gh k`jtf f huatbpabkbmfmg g vfrbgmfmg gstum` g sgagå÷gs pfrf kurs`s, k`jsbmgrfjm` `s eéjgr`s Abjeuèstbkf9 K`ejftgs fjm Cfasg K`ejftgs< mg us`s, usuærb`s g cujå÷gs mgssf aèjeuf fpr`prbfm`s pfrf tfbs cujå÷gs (fppabkftb`j c`rhs, g- hfbas, Aâxbk` g Gstruturfs Abjeuèstbkfs pgrtbjgjtgs j` hujm` k`jtghp`rî k`jtghp`rîjg`. jg`. ïs sbtufå÷gs mbskursbvfs. p`sts gh sbtgs, k`hujbkfåë` vbf `jabjg, k`stuhgr sgrvbkg kgjtrg gtk.) Eéjgr`s `rfbs g/`u gskrbt`s vgbkuafm`s gh (GH6;AEE5?>) Fvfabfr ` bhpfkt` mfs mbebtfbs (twbttgrs, p`stfegjs jfs (GH6;AEE5?>AB;>_G)K`hprggjsë` (GH6;AEE5?>AB;>_G) K`hprggjsë` AgbturfFjfabsfrj`s `s fhnbgjtgs tgkj`a`ebfs mbebtfbs mf bjc`rhfåë` g rgmgs s`kbfbs, wgna`es, j`tèkbfs vgbkuafmfs mbskurs`s gh aèjeuf bjeagsf, pr`muzbm`s g vgbkuafm`s k`hujbkfåë` (]MBK) jf c`rhfåë` m` gh sbtgs, gjtrg `utrfs.). Fjæabsg mfs hgb`s mbebtfbs mg h`m` f bmgjtbcbkfr sgus pr`pûsbt`s g suigbt` g gh sufs prætbkfs s`kbfbs, pfrf bjc`rhfå÷gss g pr`pfefåë` mg cflg jgws. bjtgjkb`jfabmfmgs, bjtgjkb`jfabmf mgs, k`jsbmgrfjm` f p`sturf krètbkf g âtbkf g bjc`rhfå÷g cfzgr us` krètbk` mgssf hèmbf gh prætbkfs mg qug c`rhf f kbrkuafåë` mgssgs tgxt`s k`jtrbnugh k`h Fjæabsg abjeuèstbkf9 _r`kgss` mg c`rhfåë` mg sgagåë`, k`hprggjsë` g pr`muåë` mg mfs pfafvrfs (prgcbx`s, sucbx`s g f c`rhfåë` m`s suigbt`s s uigbt`s k`jtghp`rîjg` k`jtghp`rîjg`s. s. mbskurs`s gh fhnbgjtg mbebtfa. k`hp`st`s).

 

KFH_@[ MG KFH_@[  MG F]WFÅË@  [@KBFA F]WFÅË@  [@KBFA  

SBMF _G[[@FA

SBMF _ÙNABKF