Order of Battle and Handbook On The Hungarian Armed Forces

 

O R D E R  O F B

  N D  H

TTLE

N D B O O K O F  T H E

HUNGARIAN  ARM ED   FORCES FEBRUARY 

1944

W A R  D E P A R T M E N T W A S H I N G T O N   25, D. C.

 

FOREWORD This  v o l u m e  contains  the  latest  available information  on all .the important aspects  of the  Hungarian Armed  Forces.  Sec1

 tiona mobilization I to V  explain   th  e ofbasic   and  the   systems the  organization VI  to and  training Army.  Sections   VIII  give information  about uniforms, equipment, arid conventional military symbols. Section  IX is a  note  on the  Navy (River Forces),   and  section  X is  concerned with  the Air  Force. Sections  X I  to  XIII give  the  more  transitory  information  on the  identification,  composition,  and  commanders  of  specific units   of the  Army, constituting  the  order  of  battle  in the narrower  sense. Section  XIV is a  glossary  of  military  and  related terms  in Hungarian,   with common abbreviations,  and an d  their  English equivalents.  It is  designed  merely  as an aid to  intelligence personnel  in the  evaluation  of  documents  in the field. No  attempt  is  made  to  indicate  the  intricacies  of  the'  Hungarian language. I n   addition to  order-of-battle  studies, various handbooks, a n d   miscellaneous pu blications blications,,  t h e  M i l i t a r y  Intelligence Division   issues  the  following: Tncticnl  and  Technical  Trends  ( m o n t h l y ) ; Intelligence  Bulletin  (monthly) ; Military  Reports  an  the  United  Nations  (monthly) ; Special   Series  {approximately  once a month).

for  additional copies  Requests  for  Requests  copies  of any  M I D   publication be  made through channels. should   be  C o m m e n t s   on  this publication,  aa  well  as on the MID  publications   listed above,  should  be  transm transmitted itted promptly  and may  be  addressed  directly  to the  Duwminaiion  I'nii,  Milim r y

Intel  li l i p o > H - c   D i v i si o n .  W a r  Or parimén  t .  Wash i ngto n,  D. C.

 

CONTENTS S«-ti.m 

I .  IN-THODi:CT10X._ 

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2 .  German  Influence  on (he  Army.  .. 3.   Components of the  Armed Fon«.„  a.  G a neral b.   Army. c.   Air Force.. rce.. rfrf..  Semi military  force*

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I I .  T H E  HIGH  C O M M A N D ™ th e  Armcil  Korrm,—.. 4 .  AdniiniBtrntion  »(  the H .   General 6 .  Supreme  Defense  Council  . . 5.   M in is t r y  o f  Nationivl  Dcfen*. u .  General  f c .  Organiiation  _  „  _ fifi..   General Staff....  n   Orgnniiation 6 .   Operations  Group r . 

-

_ ._

Bureau of  Discipline.

/.  General S(aft  Girp« I I I .   HASIC  HASIC   ST RUCT URE  O F  T H E  AllllV.  „ 7 .  Annie* 8.   Corp*.... B .   Divisions  _ a .  Introduction b .  Territorial  distribution  of  ),  a few   provisional divisions have been  identified   in the Soviet Union, where they  are  acting  as  line-of-communication   troops.  (See pars. 15 and 4fl.)  These, however, are  f o o f   temporarily attached  regiments  drawn from  the  regular divisions.  They  bear  numbers  in the  series  101 to 200 am have no home stations.

 

Section   IV IV.. 

TRAINING

1 2.   PREMILITARY TRAINING A ll   boys from the age of 12  until  their  actual  conscription, unless   excused  f o r  physical reasons, receive premilitary receive premilitary  traini n g  in an organization called the  Training  takes place an organization called t he  Levente. Training every   Sunday  and is  given  b y   reserve  officers  a n d  noncommissioned  officers  according  to a  schedule prepared  at  corps area   headquarters.  headquarters.  It is  infantry training  and  includes  the .22-caIiber  rifle,  customs and  courtesies  of the service, combat tactics of small  units,  and maneuvers  that  sometimes  last  all  Similar day. si ums,   which   in the   civil correspond    totraining the 5this given to  12th   in  gymna the  United States.   grades Thorough infantry training  is  given during  these  years,  and a spirit  o f  discipline  a n d  love of the mother country  i s  instilled

nail.

3 .   D R A F T  O F   PERSONNEL a.  For the  Army.—The —The  Levente  keeps  a  very   accurate

recird of all young men who drill with it and every year  submits headquarters  of the  corps  area  a  list  of  those  who  have ittained  conscript age.  At the  present  time  this  is  19.  On a in  May,  June,  or or   July, conscription  boards Described   day in  \sorozo-bitottsag)  meet  simultaneously  in  each  district (járóit)  of the  megye.  (There  are customarily five or six in sach  megye.)  These  boards  consist  of one or two   A r m y  offi:ers,  usually  of the rank of captain  or  major, and a medical p f f i c e r .   The men are   interviewed  a n d  assigned  t o a  branch

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according   to  their  qualifications  and the  needs  of the  servict at the  time. The men then  go h o m e an  and d  await notice  to appear (behívás),  which usually comes  about  1  October.  At theii actual induction into   the  A r m y   (jelentkezés),  they  are me at the  train  by  non-commissioned  officers,  who take  charge  o them.  At  least  two  classes  of men are  always  in  service  am sometimes,  depending  on the  degree  of  m ob ilization, more I n   the  event  of  mobilization,  men may be  called  up by  classe

or  individually.  The  class  of  1924,  for  example,  was  schedule to be  called  up in  1943.  Men in the  General Reserve   are  calle< u p   as  needed rather  than  by classes. There  are  f o u r  classes o men—those on  active  service  (aktív),  and  three  classes  o reserves:  I (under 42   years  of age), II (betw (betw een 42 aand nd 4Í years  of  age),  and III  (between  48 and 60 years  of  age). b. For  other  forces.—The —The  Air  Force  and  River  Forces  an composed of men who volunteer for   these  branches  and an

specially selected.

1 4 .  MILITARY TRAINING a .  Regular  officers.— Regular   A r m y   officers  m u s t t  b e  gradu ates  of the Ludovica, or Military Academy, of Hungary.   T h Ludovica   i s  divided into   t w o   parts.  L u d o v i c a  I  trains  officer f o r   the  inf antry,  the  artillery,  the  cavalry,  the  armored  fore* and  cyclists.  Ludovica  II,  also k no n o w n  as  Bolyay  János  Techni c a l   Military Academy, provides  officers  f o r  engineers,  signa corps,   the  R i v e r  Forces,  the  Gendarmerie,  and  intelligence The  Horthy  István Flying Academy   for the Air  Force  ma possibly   be referred to as  Ludovica III. Entrance   to  these  academies  is  f r om   the  civil  gymnasium or  military   preparatory  schools. Competition  for  entrance  i   and   and m e n t a l  standards  are  high. Once  se keen, lected,  the    physical applicant  is   assigned   to a  branch  and  m u s t  serv a  year  in the  Army before actually entering   the  academj The  course lasts  3 years,  in  addition  to the  year  in  ranks,  an is  almost entirely military. Upon graduation  the  cadet  is com

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b .   Reserve   officers.—Reserve   officers  a r e  selected  f r o m volunteers who have   graduated  f r o m a  civil  g y m n a s i u m a n d pass   a strict  physical physica l exam ex am inat ination. ion. They  are  termed  v o l u n t e e r s (önkéntes) 

a n d  enjoy certain privileges   in the  u n i t s  t o   which they   are  assigned.  They   are  treated  as social  equals  by the social  equals  officers  and are not n ot given m enial  work.  On the  other  h a n d , they   have  to  take part  in all  m i lil i ttaa r y  drills,  and  they  are subject   t o   u n u s u a l l y  strict  discipline. During   their  year  o f

active   service they   a r e  p r o m o t e d  to the   rank  o f   cadet  corporal   and at the ( sim ilar il ar   to the  G e r m a n  Fahnenjunkergefreiter), en endd  of the  year  they   reach  t h e  grade  o f   hadapród  őrmester (cadet   staff   sergeant,  s im i m i la l a r  to the  G e r m a n   Fahnrich).   In subsequent  years  they  are  recalled  for  s u m m e r  m a n eu e u v er e r s, s, which   u s u a l l y   last  o n e  m o n t h ,  and are  p r o m o t e d  o n e  grade each   year,  first to   zászlós   (officer  candidate,  s i m i l a r to to t he he   a n d  then  t o   second lieutenant,  first German   Oberfahrtrich) lieutenant,  a n d   captain,  t h e  highest  grade that  m ay be filled fill ed by   reserve  officers. ,;   c.  Service schools. —Service  schools  a r e  established  fo r the th e eparate   branches.  T h e  i n f a n t r y   has an  e xc x c e lll l e n t s m a l ll - a rm rm s ours e   a t  Várpalota.  Rifles,  m a c h in i n e g u n s,s ,  grenades,  a n d iowitzers   a r e  studied  i n   great  detail. Attention   i s  given   t o heory   and to  realistic  problem s in com bat firing. T he artillery I B S   t w o   service  schools,  o f   w h i c h   t h e  l a r g e r  a n d   m o r e i m p o r tant,   f o r m e r l y h ea e a de d e d b y L i e u t en e n a n t G e n e ra ra l T E R N E G G , i s i t   H aj ajmm áskér ás kér.. T his sc school hool com bines  t h e  f u n c t i o n s  o f   artillery school   a n d  o r d n a n c e p r o v i n g g r o u n d . S e r vi v i ccee  a m m u n i t i o n  i s used,  and its effects on  various  types  of defenses are carefully studied.  The cavalry school, which   o w n s  som s om e of the finest fine st torses   in the  w o r l d ,  is at  Örkény.  T h e  location  of the  a r m o r e d

n o w n ;  iti t m  by .  A   special   is  not ay the be   at school;   school in tactics wa was s k established G  e rKmöarnms eantd  Esztergom t o   t rraa in i n H u n g a r i a n  a n d  B u l g a r i a n  officers,  ostensibly   to fight t h e   S o v ie ie t U n i o n . d .  General   b e  e l i g i b l e  f o r  detail  to the   Staff  School.—To General  Staff,  one of the  highest  honors  in the  H u n g a r i a n

 

Army,  an  officer  must have graduated  from   the  General  Staff School.  Selected  officers  are trained in a cours coursee which was given  at the  Ministry  of  National Defense  in  Budapest  an formerly  took 3 years.  Recently  the General Staff Corps was reorganized,   and the  period  of instruction is now  probably

m u c h   shorter.

1 5 .   HEPLACEME1NT  TRAINING   SYSTEM

The replacement training system is based upon two  points the  permanent  affiiliation  of a  conscript with  the  division  to which  he is  origi or igina nally lly as assi signe gned, d, and,  in  present practice,  the rotation  of  active duty among  the  classes  of  reserves.  Men w h o   have been trained  are   called  trained  in one division  are called  to  that  div sion  with their classes,  or  individually,  for  active duty  whe they are needed. At the same time, men of other   classes may be  released  from   the the   unit  and   returned  to  inactive status unit  and returned  to  Replacements  for  units  engaged  engaged  on the  Eastern  Front  di not go directly  to the field division  in which they were trained, but   were given refresher training  in  provisional  divisions formed  in the  rear areas.  Thus a man tr train ained ed in the 71 at  Sopron)  wo u ld  first be  sent  to  th Division   (home  station  at  105th  Line-of-Communication  Division  where  h e  w o u l d  become  accustomed  to field  life  and  where  he  would receive th in   tactics.  As  replacements were needed latest  training  training  in the 7th  Division  he  wo u ld  be sent forward to his parent or ganization. After spending the required  interval  at the  front he  w o u ld  be  sent  back  to  Sopron  on an  extended  furlough, or  even  be  placed outright  on the  inactive list

 

Section  V. 

ORGANIZATION  OF

SUBORDINATE  UNITS1

16..  ARMIES 16

In   peacetime  a n  army  consists  o f  three  corps.  F o r  operaions th  thee  allotment of cor corps ps to arm ar m ies is varied as the  situation lemanda.   I n  addition,  th thee  following  troops  constitute  army ieadquarters:   headquarters detachment,  a  tank battalion,  a n engineer   regiment,  a  signal  battalion,  a  motorized artillery igiment, an   aviation  group,  a  motorized antiaircraft  battalion,   and an d  trains.  (See fig  fig.. 10, p. 30.) 17..  CORPS 17 — A   corps a . s Corps.  divi off  three  o normally infantry  consist nsists on ons a t  brigade strength   (aee co   par.  s18) and the   following corps  troops: headquarters  company,  a  cavalry  squadron,  a n engineer  battalion,  a signal  company,  a  motorized  artillery l a t t a l i o n ,   a  flight  o f  attached aviation,  a  motorized antiaircraft  battalion,  an andd  trains.  (See  figs. 10 and 30, pp. 30 and 17.)   Detail Detailed ed org organization anization of the  corps staff  is shown  in figure 11, page  31. 6 .  Mobile  corps.—The   mobile  corps,  a  part  o f  general  relerve  consists  o f  headquarters,  headquarters,  a  tank regiment,  regiment,  tw o  (poslibly   three) motorized   tw o  cavalry   and   brigades, brigades,   (See  f trains.  fig. ig. 12 12,, p. 32.)   Its  estimated   strength   is  43,000. [Armored   cars  a n d  tanks  used  by the  Hungarian Army  a r e ihown  in figures 6, 7, and 8, pp. 22, 23, and 25.) f o r   t h e  various  various  units  a r e  given   at the end of

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IB .   DIVISIONS 8 .   / i r / o M í r y — T h «  Infantry  division  varies  i n  ttrmgth.  a c cording to  l h « d*irc* of mobilization,  from   an  under-strrnjrth fcnjraiV or a  reinforced  regiment  to  a  full  diviilon.  MobiStation  U  accompllahed  by  th th* * cxpanaion  of  the  unit  on  the  of   mobili.  peacetime {foundation  ionn  may  ofbe th* a t io Indicated   a x    framework. follow*:   The «tag«« of (1)  I'racttimt  /mm*M(wfc  —The  —The  normal  baak  unit  of  the inny  U a  light  mixed  brigád*,  coralatini  of  on* on*  i n f a n t r y iDBnt.  a  f r o u p  of  artillery  (A  mixed  battalkm).  a  troop < t   CAvalry,  and  *m*l uniU   of  supporting arnu  and  Bervieta.

Ko»t  of  lb*»*  vtements are  under  strength.  Thia  unit U

 

called  a  division.  It is  expanded  for  operations  but  reduced again  to this status w he henn  it returns from   the field to  its home station.   Its  strength  is  approximately 3,800 men. (See   fig. 10,   p .  30.) (2))  Initial  expansion,— T h e   light  mixed  brigade  is ex(2 panded  o n  mobilization into  a  full  mixed brigade;  that  is, the same  com ponen ponentt units ar  a r e brought up to full  wartime  strength of  approx imately 4, 4,90 9000 m en. (3))   Duplicated.— T h e   mixed  brigade  may be  duplicated  to (3

  consisting   regiments, ar arm light  division,  attalions a  alions   of two  infantry T Om b  batt o f artillery,  an  a n d  corresponding  supporting   arms nd   services.  It Itss  strength  is  approximately  9,500   men. (See g.  10, p.  30.) (4))  Triplicated.— A   full division  i s  created  b y  triplicating (4 i e   mixed brigade.  It  then consists  o f  three infantry  regiin-s,   three  battalions  o f  artillery,  a n d  correspondingly  in reased supporting  units. Its strength  is  approximatel approximatelyy  14,000 '*• len.  b .  Motorized.—Motorized brigades  of the mobile corps  (fig.

2ed, p. 32) m ay be combined to   form   th thee  equivalent  o f a  motor  division. c .   Armored.— T h e  ex  exist istence ence  of an  armored division is doubt— ul ul..  It  is possible  that  tank  elements  of the  mobile corps  a n d f   th thee  cavalry  brigades  have been  mistakenly  reported  as an rmored division. d.   Line-of-communication.—Details of   organization  of the ne-of-communication  division  are not  known.  It is believed iá iátt  they are  patterned  after German Sicherung  divisions.1 9.  BRIGADES

o.   Infantry.—See   paragraph  18a  (1). b .  Motorized.—A  m otorized brigade (fig (fig.. 13, p. 33)  consists f   headquarters,  a n  armored  reconnaissance battalion,  a  m o -

Order  o f  Battlt  o f  th» 'See  Order  th »  German  Army  (M ID, WD,  Washington, J D .  C..  February 1944} par.  2 * d  (6),  p .  132. ,2 4

 

torized  engineer  company,  a  motorized  signal  company,  a motorized   infantry regiment, two bicycle battalions,  a motorized   artillery  battalion,  a motorized motorized antiaircra ant iaircraft ft battery, a flight of  o f  attached aviation, a n d trains.  (A   Hungarian personnell  a n d  cargo carrier  is  shown  i n  figure  9 .) ne

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8.—It.li.n-ro.de  Fial  3-Ion  Unit*.  Unit*.  (For  I recognition symbol, ic  icee  fit. 6   . :

Figure   9.—Rungarlmn   6-by-6  perionnel  and and  cargo  carrier.  (Hut the  n a t i o n a l  color*  of  red. «nirl™  t - . . ; , r   on lh« licenie  plate  •  ihield  in  the

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e.   Cavalry.— A   -caval ponentt cavalry , ry brigade   (fig.  14 , p. 34),  a com ponen thee  mobile corps, consists  o f headquarters,  a reconnaissance o f   th motorized  signal battalion,  a  motorized  engineer  company,  a  motorized  company,   tw o  cavalry  cavalry   regimenta,  tw o  bicycle battalions,  a motorized  artillery regim regim ent, ent,  a  m ot otori orized zed antia irc raf t battery, &  flight of  attached aviation,  an andd  trains. d.  Mountain.—Mountain  units  a r e  organized  i n  brigades, hich ar  aree  known to  exist.  A  m ounta ountain in brigade  (fig.  1 5 , tw o   o f w hich

 35))  consists  o f he  headqu adquarters, arters, reconnaissan reconnaissance ce  units,  an engip .  35 neer   company,  a  signal company, three  mountain  infantry

battalions,   a n  antitank  company,  a n d trains. e.   Frontier  guard.— Fron Fronttier guard unit unitss   a r e  organized  i n brigades.   One or  m ore frontier g ua rd bri brigades gades  (fig.  16 , p.  36), o f   three to   seven  battalions, is attached to each  territorial corps   except  the first.  They   a r e  distinguished  by the  corps number.  .,  . 20.  S M A L L  UNITS

a .   Infantry.—   (1 )  Regiments.— A n   infantry regiment (fig.  consist sistss o  headquarters arters,,  a n engineer 1 0 , p. 30) at  full strength con  off headqu

  a signal  platoon, company, three drawn   machine-gun  compan  com pany, y,  an infantry antitank antit ankbattalions, com pany,  aa horsem ortar company,   a n d  trains.  (For  detailed  organization  of the  regii r i f e T i U U   staff,  see fig. 17, p.  37.) s   (2 (2))  Battalions.—  (a) (a )  Infantry.— A n   infan inf antry try battali battalion on (fig. 1 0 , p. 30 30)) consists o f headqu arters arters,, a signal platoon, three   rifle (Companies,  a  machine-gun company,  a n d trains.  (For detailed ^  organization  of the  battalion  staff, see  fig. 18, p.  38.) ?   ( i > )   Mountain  infantry.— A   mountain  infantry battalion F  (fig.  15, p. 35)  consists  o f  headquarters, three  mountain  rifle

(companies,  a battery   o f mo untai [company. untainn artillery, and a heavy-m orta ortarr I  (c (c))  Frontier  gurad.— A   frontier battalion (fig.  16, p. 36) [consists  o f  headquarters,  a  bicycle  platoon, three  rifle  companies, a machine-gun com pan pany, y,  a battery   o f 80-mm  guns, an  a n d a   heavy-m ortar com pany.  T h e  battalion  is the  basic tactical nit.

 

(3)  Rifle  company.—The —The  organization  organization  and  strength  of the same  in  mountain,  and rifle   company  is  the the   same  in  infantry, mountain,  and   frontier   19, p.  39)  consists of guard  battalions.  A  rifle  company  (fig. 19, headquarters,  four  rifle  platoons,  and  trains. (4)  Machine-gun  company.—The —The  machine-gun company (fig.  20, p. 40) of an  infantry, mountain,  or  frontier guard battalion  consists  of  headquarters,  4  machine-gun mac hine-gun platoons, a n d   trains.  The  regimental  machine-gun  company h  has as  only  3 platoons  with  5  officers,  10 107 7  enlisted men,  and  6  heavy  ma-

(5)  A'lfitintk  company.—One  antitank  company is in  each infantry  regiment,  each  mountain  battalion,  and  each tank regiment.  An  antitank company  (flg.  21, p. 41)  consists  of headquarters, three platoons,  and trains.  It is  armed with  six 37-mm  antitank guns. —There  is  one heavy-mortar (6)  Heavy-mortar company.—There (fig. 22, p. 42) in ea each ch in infa fant ntry ry regimen reg iment. t. It consists company  (fig. o f   three mortar  platoons, each with three heavy mortars,  and

•trains.

b.  Artillery.— (1)  Regiments.—An —An 

artillery-  regiment (fig.

   duplicated 23, 43) is found  in the   or triplicated  At  A  brigade.   it  consists  of headquarters headquarters, ,  two 1 10 05-mm 5-mm how howitz itzer ert full  p. full   strength  and one 150-mm  howitzer battalion.  For  local  probattalions, and battalions, tection  it is  provided with  12  antiaircraft machine  guns.  (In •the  duplicated brigade  it  consists  of 2  battalions.) —An  artill art illery ery battalion (fig. 24, p. 43) is (2 )   Battalions.—An a n   organic  part  of every mixed brigade. It consists of two 105-mm howitzer  batteries,  one  150-mm howitzer  battery,  an antiaircraft machine-gun battery, a survey battery,  an and d trains. Corps  artillery battalions  are  motorized  and  their weapons (batteries)  are all  150-mm. They  may be  found lacking  the •survey   battery. c .  Other arms and services.— (1)  Tan'k  regiment.—One —One tank Tegiment   (fig. 12, p. 32)  forms  a  part  of the  mobile corps.  It headq eadquart uarters, ers, inc includ ludin ing g enginee engineerr and signal signal plaplaconsists  of h toons, o  one ne armored-car battalion, one light-tank battalion, one metli .ectium-tank   battalion,  an  antitank company, a  and nd  trains.

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(2 )  Tank  battalions.— A   tank battalion, which  consists  o f headquarters   a n d three tank companies, is an  organic part  of.* every   army. ( 3 )   Bicycle  battalion.—There   are two   bicycle  battalionstug.   25, p. 44 44)) in  each motorized  brigade and in  each cavalry tank k plaplabrigade.   Each battalion  consists  of headquarters,  a  tan toon, an engineer platoon, a  signal  platoon, three bicycle companies,   a  bicycle m achi achine-g ne-gun un  company,  an  artillery  battery,. an  antitank platoon, and platoon, and trains.

  units.—Engineer —Engineer   units  a r e  organized into •regiments,   (4 )  Engineer   battalions,  a n d  companies.  A  regiment consists  o f " 'a  batt  battali alion on  o f combat engineers,  a battalion  of  bridge-building  labor battalion, and battalion, and a motorized engineers,  a  a labor a motorized chemical-warfare company.  O n e regiment  i s assigned  to  each army.  A  ballal i o n ,

consisting  of two   companies  o f combat engineers,  and a motorized  chemical-warfare company,  is   assigned  to   each corps. company   o f combat engineers (see fig. 26 , p. 45) is  organic each   infantry  regiment. (5))   Signal  unite.—Signal  units  are  organized  into  battal(5 D s   a nd   companies.  A   signal battalion  is   assigned  to   each. • m y ,   a  signal company  is  assigned  to  each corps  and to  each division,  and a  signal  platoon  ( f i g  . 27, p. 45) is  organic  in. er eryy  infantry  regiment  and  battalion. (6) (6 )  Cavalry  units.— -A   squadron  o f  cavalry, consisting  o f headquarters,  and 3 cava  cavallry  troops, each armed with  12 light :hine   guns,  is attached  to  every corps.  A troop consisting   headquarters,   4 platoons, 1 m achi achinene-gun gun platoon, and trains, organic   i n every infantry regiment. ( T )   Aviation.—An  aviation group i isreconnaissance  army, s attached  to  each t consists  of headquarters, wing,  an headquarters , a distant ittack  w i ng, ng , and a" bom bar bardment dment wing.  A flight of  nine  planes attached  to each corps for  close  reconnaissance. motori orize zed d antiaircraft ar artillery tillery  bat(8))   Antiaircraft.— A   mot (8 ttlion,  consisting of headquart headquarters, ers, a signal signal platoon, platoon , an 80-mm 80-mm ntiaircraft   battery,  t w o   40-mm  antiaircraft  batteries,  and a

 

arm y earchli(;nt  a n d  sound-locator battery,  i s organic in each army nd  corps. (9))   Trains.— A r m y   trains (fig. 28, p. 4 6)  consist  o f head(9 uarters,  two  armored railroad  trains,  a  baggage section,  a nedical  section,  a  ration  section,  a n d  supply  service.  Corps

xains   (fig. 29, p. 4 7) are similar  to  army trains  b u t have  n o rmored  railroad  trains. Division  (or (o r  brigade) trains (fig.  3 0 ,  consist

 headquarters,

 l  load oaded ed

. 47) of   an  ammunition column,  loaded    ammunition orse-drawn  companies  com panies, ,  a  ration  column, orse-drawn  ration companies, a baggage truck company, a n d field  hospital.  T h e elements vary with  th thee stage  o f mobil izai o n   of  the   division. (See fi  fig. g. 10 10,, p. SO.)

 

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FSr-irf  U*-Orjin iiiIon  o f tfct  - O r f  i  stiff.

 

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offlccn  tod  iDlltted   n e n 1.600   offlccn 

0   3 T - H 1 U 1   AT   EUU

Figure  12.—Orgoniiatlon of the  mobile  e c r p i .

 

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Figure  13.—Orptnliatlon   of  th thee  motorized  brigade,

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cycle   plntoon; cavalry  troop. figure 15.— Organizati Organization on of the  mo u nta in  brigade.

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Figure 17.—Oreaniiation  17.—Oreaniiation  of the  r«$lmental  staff.

 

 bUtiüol-. itil. Flffvre   :•..—Orginírílion  o f t h« Flffvre h« bUtiüol-.

 

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F i g u r e  e  19.— Organization   o f  th e  rifle  company.

1

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Figure  20.—  Orcnniiatlon  of   the th e  michine-gun  company

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Figure   21.—Orsnnizition  of  th e  nntitnnk  company.

 

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l i jTurc   22.—Orgsuiiation  of th  thee licary-mortnr company.

 

 

Fi gure  gure   2 .— Organizati Organization on  of   th e  artillery  battalion.

 

F1f»r»  2S^-Ortiniuiiofl  of  th«  bi«e e   battilian.

 

& .I  ásás  i s w j B i  Nairn 8   w«™

1  T i . l . i r . <   kit II  Mffi-l'X

Figure Zt—Organization of the  «ngint«r  comp*nr.

oflnr

Fi gur e  27.—Organirttion of the sign* platoon.

 

Ration  section

sored  railroad  trains 2  locomotives neach

[gage  section

Motorize* baggage  h a l t n l i o n 3  bnggage  truck companies Pack  animal  baggage column 2  puck   a n i m a l  companies

dial section 1 field h  hospi ospital tal 1 reserve hospital 1 dispensary 1 m otorized otorized  medical company 2  hospital  railroad  trains 1 ,  i bacteriological  station

supply  companies loaded ration   column iarehoiw  company bakery  company

Sup   y service

eterlnarjr  company lot or  park  company rtlllery  park  company signal  supply  company ponton  battalion

Headquarter*

• > n f . - i n . T   battalion

2 engineer  labor  companies

Figure  28.—Orgnniialion  oí  » r m r t m i i i * .

 

 

CwrpiI ]  TTtlM  | I

  l r rl l  h H l ""g"  LjjLl g"  I  L

H  l r í J | i n «  

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supply  column*

Sup^j hMtlqiwrter* 

li.vl.-tl  ritttui  . ...1 li.v .1,uun

Anti-.lrrmft  iti itiui-M ui-Mnt-Kflti  6*Ttl.in 

t."V.-i; roaifaar

IH«B  MCÍIOO

Xminanilicti   nluinil 

S»|'  y  tonlre

™ < *"'rnptnlm  b*Ump   illustrated.  T h e  rifle  i*  t h e  M ann"   lichrr  M 3 1 ;  the the  helmet,  th thee  Austrian ;   ryp«  UMd  during  ik ikee  First  World

 

.  " .   ' 

Grade

Tábornagy

U.S.  onuivalent

  4f

{approximate}

General

Gyalogsági   tábornok Lieutenant Lovassági sági tábornok general .   Lovas TÜTdrséíi tábornok Táborszernagy  ,

.  Collar  Collar patches  patches Stars Silver leaves (instead  of

s:urs)   an d gold  chevron Three  (gold)

• ;  1

Braid

 .  (on  regular uniform   only) Red,  w i t h  oak- Gold  trefoil  em Icaf  branches bellished   w i t h small  loop) of gold braid Gold Gold trefoil  cm bellUhcd  with small  loo  ppaa   of gold braid Gold   trefoil  em Gold bellished  w i t h small   loops  of gold   braid Gold   trefoil cmGold ithh bcllisbcd w it small loops of gold   braid Color   of  base

Aliaborniigy

Major  general

Tábornok

Brigadier general On u   (gold)

Eiredea

Colonel

Three  (silver)

Gold on color o  off Gold  trefoil arm

Aleircdcj

Lieutenant

Two(rilvcr)

Gold  o n color  of Gold  trefoil

colonel

Tw o

  (cold)

arm

Headgear O ne   very broad, three narrow gold  chevrons

O ne   very broad, gold chevrons One very broad, two narrow gold

O ne   very broad, o ne  narrow gold One broad, three narrow gold chevrons On e  broad,  tw o narrow gold

 

őrnagy 

'

|M a j o r

CO W   trtf.ll

On, (, ,U U «0 G

n C O 0 r

^

  °

Siáiados

Captain

T h r e e   (g old)

Color  of arm

Gold trefoil

Főhadnagy

1st l i e ut e nant

Two  (gold)  '

C ol or of   a r m

Gold   t r e f o i l

C o l o r  of  arm

Gold   trefoil

Hadnagy

2d lieutenant

One (eold)

Alhadnagy

Warrant (aspi-

One  (gold)  and C ol or   o f  ar m

Tiszthelyettes

Törasflr  m e s ttee r

M u s te te r  sergeant Technical sergeant

narrow,  g o l d chevron Three  narrow gold   ch cv rs.ni

gold chevron*

Gold   l oop

g o l d   chevron One  broad,  three

C o l o r o f   n rm

Silver  loop

chevrong O n e   broad,  t w o

chevron Two (silver) Two  and C o l o r   of arm  (silver) and

Silver  l oop

g o l d   chevron

Three  (sil ver) UHU 

silver

silver   chevron

chevron

örmcslcr

S:^íl  s e r g e a n t

 and nd C o l o r   o f  a r m O ne  (ál ver) a

Silver  loop

Siakas7.vcíct(3

Scrscant

T h r e e   ( w hi t i ;)

C o l o r  o f  :irm

Brown  loop

TUedc.

Corporal

Two  (white)

C o l o r   o f  firm

B r o w n   loop

frVMtf

Private, T int

One  (white)

Color   of arm Color

B r ow n   loop

Gyalogol

Private   '

N on e

C o l o r  o f   arm

Srown  l oop

  34.—Jinlgnia  of  Hank,

0

chevrón°WSÍ1VCr

"r^cheTrMU

Two  n a r r o w b r o w n   chevrons

brown   chevron None

 

';",••>  ' .  ;-;'i —Arm  or  service  is  indicated  by the A r m   and  service.—Arm

ARMY  INSIGNIA  

r of the  patches  on the  collar  and on the  left side  of the rison  cap  (see plates I and II). Colors of the arms and the •ices  a r e  listed below.  (The collar collar patches  are of  woolen otton  cloth, except  as  indicated below.)

COLORS  OP OP THE ARMS ntry   (including  cyclists  a n d  frontier  guards)— ntry

— 

tor 

£  _

leiy  (including antiaircraft)—: 

_

al  corps-l_ p trains—

C O L O R S   OF THE  SERVICES

Ivocate  General   

, 

cerise  (velvet  patches)

1

    Department   (velvet  patches) taissary D  epar  tm en t_ _   ,.,—red _.   cardin al oolen) en) ical  Corps  black  (officers,  velvet; enlisted  men, w ool iriryy   Corps  ;  _:—bright  blue  (velvet patches)

/

-  • ' •  r

.   Rank.— Ran Rankk --ii s  shown  inxEwo  places  on the  Army  unim s : ' o n   the collar patches, by a system  o f  stars,  oak  i n  combination with  the th e  color  of  base nches,   a n d  chevrons in he  patch and the material an  a n d design of the  braided border; thee   headgear, by chevrons.  One, two,  or  three  stars  are th r n  on the  collar patch. Crossed gold  o a k branches  a r e placed the  rear  of  general  officers'  patches.  A  single chevron  aprs  o  onn tthe he  patches  o f warrant  officers  a n d  noncommissioned icers.   T h e  patch  o f  general  officers.is  gold  a n d  red; that  o f d  officers,  gold  upoa a  background  of the  color  of the arm service;  that  o f  company officers  a n d  enlisted  men is the o r   of the arm or  service.  T h e  braid  on the  border  of the a r  patch  o f  officers  is gold  a n d  forma  a  trefoil (clover leaf)  Thee  braid on the  patches  of the first  three grades t h e  rear. Th noncommissioned   officers  i s  silver,  that  o f  other noncom-

 

NGARIAN   ARMED FORCES  A R M Y   U N I FO FO R M S :

PLATE  C O M M I S S IIO O N E D  O F F I C E R S

O M   J.A.N. HO.   HO.

I

 

IS S A 8 I J N   A R M E D   F O R C E S   A R M Y 

P L A T E  n

U N I F O R M S :  N O N C O M M I S S I O N E D   O F F I C E R S

 

lissioned  officers  and of enlisted of enlisted men  men is brown; on the  the  patches :  all  noncommissioned  officers  and  enlisted men,  the  braid arms  a  single loop  at the  rear.  (See  the table, fig. 34, and ates  I and  II.)

3. AIR   FO R C E U N IFO R M S The  Air  Force uniform  for  officers  is  pigeon  gray.  It  consts sts  of a  coat with  a  roll collar, long trousers,  and a service

'ith  a  black  visor. On the cap a  gold cord crosses above   above   cord   badge   royal   the is  49.) a  flying and a which isor,   and crown crown. . (See Insignia  31 , p. ungarian  fig..   of rank, of  rank, re  worn  on  epaulets, consist  of  combinations  of  gold  wings n d  bars.  On flying suits,  the insignia of rank  are worn on the ght  sleeve. Noncommissioned  officers  of the  three  highest rades  wear  a  uniform similar  to  that  of the commissioned fficers  except  that  insignia  of  rank  are  silver. Other noncomlissioned officers  and  enlisted  men wear  the Army uniform. 4,  R IVE R FO R C E S U N IFO R M S   uniform The   of the  River the    is brown. is uniform,  brown.   That  Forces   officers similar   to the   Army service bu butt   for insignia  of   dress ank  are worn on the sleeves. Enlisted  men wear brown  sailors' it itss  with  black  ribbons  and brown navy jumpers. Rank is ndicated  on the  shoulders.

 

Section VII. 

WEAPONS

2 5.   INTRODUCTION th e  outbreak  of the war  moat Hungarian weapons ' •   Before  Before  the -were  manufactured  b y  German  firma  (Krupp, Mauser,  Solu'^thurn,  a n d  Rheinmetall)  and the. Czec Czechh firm, Sko Skoda. da.  Since

 satell ellites ites w ith 'Germany  h eapons, s, ith captured w eapon  haa s been  arming: its sat French, Polish, Belgian,  Dutch,  a n d  Russian  Russian  materiel  i s likely to   b e  found  in the  Hungarian  Army: (Characteristics of the principal  weapons are listed in figs. 42 and 43, pp. 64 and  65.) f  26.  INFANTRY  WEAPONS

fe^a.   Rifles.— T h e   rifle  most likely  to be  encountered  is the £  A  Austria ustriann  Mannlicher  8-mm   (carbine),  MSI.  Some  "Mauser '8-mm   rifles,  M35,  may be in use.  (See  fig.  35 © and  © ;  se seee   also   figs. 32 and 33, pp. 50 and  51.) Parachute  an andd  other    troops   are ar e  armed   owith   a  submachine   gun,  M 39 I    specialized (fig:.   36  (])), the   manufacturer f  which   is  unknown. I   b .  Machine  guns.— T h e   light machine  g u n  used  by the  Hun[ garian  Army  is the  Soluthurn  M 31   (fig. 36 ®  ®), ),  a  light, airI  cooled  weapon supported  b y a  bipod. (See also fig. 32, p.  50.) heavy vy m achi achine ne  g u n  most co m m only us used ed  is  the th e  Schwarzj   T he  hea foseM1907/31   (fig.  37, p. 60 ) ,  a w at aterer-cooled, cooled, belt-fed machine •   g u n supported  o n a  tripod. j   c .  Antitank  rifle.—The   Soluthurn antitank  rifle,  M 36   (fig. L  88) is fo foun undd in th thee  machine-gun  company  o f  each infantry

 regiment ent,,  and—Stokes, in the  the  antitank   of  the  the   bicycle Ir  regim  battalion..   M36,   platoon 81.4-mm heavy mortars   are d.  Mortars. I   f o u n d   in the heavy-mortar com pany of eeaach  infantry  regiment l   a n t each mountain   a n d  frontier guard  battalion.  A   light   5 0 - m r n   mortar,  manufacturer  unidentified,  is  found  in  each t  rifle   platoon.

 

Fi;u»  ST.—Sthw Sthw.niow niow  8-m 8-mm 

hravy  machine  gun,  >I 1907/31: 

® 

.-,„ -

 

.  ART1LLEKY  WEAPONS

a.  Antitank  and antiaircraft.—Antitank   artillery  consists thee  most part  o f  Rheinmetall  37-mra  antitank guns. Antith rcraft artillery consists  o f Madsen 20-mm   and an d  Bofors  40-mm g .   3 9  (a),  p. 62)  automatic  cannon,  Ansaldo 75-mm   an andd

jfors 80-mm (fig.   39 ©)  dual-purpose  guns.   > .   Light  field and  mountain  artillery,— A   variety  o f  light   d  a n d  mountain artillery  is  used.  I t  includes  the th e  Skoda thee  Ansaldo 75-mm mountain i-mm   mountain gun, M15;  th n, M15/35;  and the  Skoda 76.5-mm field gun,  MIS.

c.   an andd   heavy   an andd   artillery. A rtil rtiller leryy   o  fT  150-mm er  Medium is   considered "heavy"  by the —Hungarians. h e  following

•e  the medium and  heavy artillery weapons that  a r e  likely  to

encountered:   the th e  Skoda  100-mm   field  howitzer,  M 1 4   (fig. , p .   63);  105-mm field  howitzer,  M 3 7  (German  I.F.H.  IS IS)) iff.  .41,  p .  63);  th thee  Skoda  104-mm   field  howitzer,  M15;  th thee erman   150-mm medium howitzer,  M14;  th erman thee  Skoda  ( ? ) zer, M 15 0-mm   m edium how ititzer, 15;; and the Italian  305-mm  heavy mortar, M1911/16.

 

bgrc  39.—Anllaircnfl  guns; ©  Bofon  SO-nim, M29;  ©  Bofor* 40-roni, M36.

 

JFIfur«   - H .  Hr,-mm  field  howilzn-  (Htm-arinn  M37,  G e r m a n  l.l'.ll. 1  10)

[

 

-. Pistol™.   Píslol Riílc   (carblnc)» Hide  „ Submachine   gun.

front liter.

Browning

Light machine gun. Heavy  machine  gun. Semiautomatic antitank  rifle.. Antitank glin. Antiaircraft  machine gun.

Rheininetdll.

Antiaircraft   gu n Antiaircraft

Dofon

'Since   1

B

6005.;...

4,300 (vertical) (vcrHcal)

4.300.__, 9,900

AnialUo.

  M l f l O S   Au

4,400 6,500

Madsen.

Antiaircraft  gun.

Heavy mortar

2,200—. 3,800

Soluthui

A n t i a i r c r a f t  gun_

Light mortar 

2,200 3.200 1,100....,

„ .

Unit:

6.480.

(vertical)

2.400

9,067

2,SOO.-...

2.100.  

(vertical) (vertical) 3.000..,..- 8,700 e,500 (vertical) 1) 900—. S   to 1 4.730.,.„ 25 . -

rning  of 1

  °AT/flM  i7thVHÜngárian"déiíenatTöiröí"tbe  MH07/1 Austrian  Scliwanlose  machine  gun. ..  . •A  Hungarian handbook  statoi that  lhl» weapon  ca n  penetr.  . The   Handbook  rcierrcd  to  In  note 4.  above, italcs  that  the  37-mm  fu n  can penetrate  28-mm

SO D   yardi.

inches)   of

inches)   of Fl«urc  42.—Clmradorlntl 42.—Clmradorlntlc* c*  of  of  prlnvlpnl  Infantry nnil  a i i t i u i r c r a f i  weapon*.

yB

 

Tyw'

?rvw)

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45

IU

7

1.J5U.

1J.57

10,340

61

.:

JO

I ..77 G O .

:•; j

S ..JJ O O

73

5

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IO.T

I . I  S O

U -3

75

[líi'iiir.

Ti

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Ctcch

T6.S*

IlujiitiLrúiii

t rn .



Au'lro-

tS 3

1.4M.S

 

(,k-

(mbi)

M m   gun. str   i . M  M;: ;: M i a  cun. AnMlda

:. .-•

W c-

(unit)

(Il»)

(yd)

i K - l iO iO I l

lit.)

M1915/3J

Skwt^Mie FM   How.

Skoda  M It Skoda 

AuJ'.roHurtKftrinn

100

30 19J

1,130

FW  (Un. Aiutro1C U Skoda  M  15 Hunnrian German 1M I'M   H ow.  M 1 7 COermnn  LF.lt.  If ^ German Kruiifi   M H . 

r-.d   H O W ,

SkodiiMlj Pld How. Tlofora   M J I Mart,  M i l / 1 6

2,400, 6.400.

40

i

56

Swedish

lit]

24

1,700

It-liojl

30S

i

l.(S3

IU  Í.-Í L  V I

1Ö.1CO

45

10.400

7Í

12,'JM

. . n   iroun'j-  - , "  TAc Jlunearian  dr*>g"*tlo on n c  cii ttut  weapon  ii l-c"i  II:.;. 13 13.. — C l i n f a t l c r l i l i f i  of  p r i i ' t ' j s T   f i r l i l l c r j  w

3.900,

11,120.

17,030

Aattn*.

Iio9£:irian

11

1

0

4S

ll.IM.

ir-

41.603.

 

i

OL S Secüon   Vitt.  MILITARY  SYMB OLS  8.  BASIC  SYMBOLS  

--J

principal   basic military sym bols i .   Introduction.—The  principal  bol s  used

i j r   t h e  Hungarian  Army  a r e  shown  shown   below.  below.  Many   o f  them  rere emble  those used by the Germans, but the  meanings  are often lifferent.  T h e Hungarians usually place th  t h e  numerical numerical designa designa-ion   of the  unit   to the  right  of or  below  t h e  symbol.  A   small lumber   i n parentheses under   t h e  symbol  indicates t h e number

  unit.  Abbreviations  that  m a y   b e  used  i n  conthe symbols junction with   will  b e f  foun oun d, after  t h e words  f o r which Ihey  stand,  in the glossary  (par. 55 , p. 128). Roman  Roman   numerals used   to  designate  corps, organic battalions  of  the the  regiinent,  a n d  platoons;  Arabic numerals stand  f o r  other  other  units. Corps  troops, however, take  th  off  th thee Roman numeral o thee  corps. Units  o f  division  o r  brigade  trains  a r e  assigned  t h e  number if  guns  in

o f   the th e  division  o r  brigade  o f  which they  are a  part. Army

troops  sometimes, but not always, bear  a  number   100 greater

m   that  of

the  army.

 

f > . 

Symbols.

Arms  and  services.— ( 1 )   Arms 

  infantry  

Q motorized   infantry 

g ]

\_ 

\

P 

moun tai tainn infantry  

[A]  ° >   engineer I

E

artillery

H

yjj  cavalry Q bicycle

§3  supply [Hi]  

ordnance

•

labor   troop.

( 2 )   Units.—

a i r   force

river lorcc,

» a survey E B medical H

b

veterinary baggage   train