Oracle Solaris 11 Network Administration_ag...
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Activity Guide D78415GC20 Edition 2.0 | December 2014 | D89523
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Oracle Solaris 11 Network Administration
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Author Uma Sannasi Technical Contributors and Reviewers Rajesh Rajasekharan, Venugopal Iyer, Girish Moodalbail, Cathy Zhou This book was published using:
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Practices for Lesson 1: Course Introduction ........................................................................................... 1-1 Practices for Lesson 1: Overview............................................................................................................. 1-2 Practice 1-1: Getting Familiar with the Practice Environment .................................................................... 1-5 Practice 1-2: Scenario-Based Practices ................................................................................................... 1-17 Practices for Lesson 2: Networking Fundamentals ................................................................................. 2-1 Practices for Lesson 2: Overview............................................................................................................. 2-2 Practice 2-1: Gather Network Information................................................................................................. 2-5 Practices for Lesson 3: Configuring a Virtual Network............................................................................ 3-1 Practices for Lesson 3: Overview............................................................................................................. 3-2 Practice 3-1: Configure Virtual Network for the zclient Zone on s11-client ................................................. 3-5 Practice 3-2: Configure Virtual Network for Nonglobal Zones on s11-host01 ............................................. 3-10 Practice 3-3: Configure Virtual Network for Nonglobal Zones on s11-host02 ............................................. 3-27 Practice 3-4: Configure the EVS Controller .............................................................................................. 3-33 Practice 3-5: Configure EVS Client Nodes ............................................................................................... 3-41 Practices for Lesson 4: Configuring Network High Availability............................................................... 4-1 Practices for Lesson 4: Overview............................................................................................................. 4-2 Practice 4-1: Configure IPMP .................................................................................................................. 4-5 Practice 4-2: Configure Link Aggregation ................................................................................................. 4-11 Practice 4-3: Configure L3 VRRP ............................................................................................................ 4-15 Practice 4-4: Configure ILB...................................................................................................................... 4-21 Practices for Lesson 5: Configuring Network Services ........................................................................... 5-1 Practices for Lesson 5: Overview............................................................................................................. 5-2 Practice 5-1: Configure ISC DHCP .......................................................................................................... 5-5 Practice 5-2: Configure DNS ................................................................................................................... 5-10 Practice 5-3: Configure LDAP.................................................................................................................. 5-16 Practices for Lesson 6: Managing Network Resources ........................................................................... 6-1 Practices for Lesson 6: Overview............................................................................................................. 6-2 Practice 6-1: Configure the Bandwidth Datalink Property .......................................................................... 6-4 Practice 6-2: Create Flows to Regulate Bandwidth and Priority Properties ................................................ 6-7 Practices for Lesson 7: Implementing Network Security ......................................................................... 7-1 Practices for Lesson 7: Overview............................................................................................................. 7-2 Practice 7-1: Configure IP Filter to Secure the Network ............................................................................ 7-4 Practices for Lesson 8: Integrating with OpenStack................................................................................ 8-1 Practices for Lesson 8: Overview............................................................................................................. 8-2 Practice 8-1: Configure Neutron............................................................................................................... 8-5 Practices for Lesson 9: Diagnosing Networking Issues .......................................................................... 9-1 Practices for Lesson 9: Overview............................................................................................................. 9-2 Practice 9-1: Address Host Name Resolution Failure ............................................................................... 9-3 Practice 9-2: Address Web Server Failure................................................................................................ 9-5
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Oracle Solaris 11 Network Administration Table of Contents i
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Table of Contents
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Chapter 1
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Practices for Lesson 1: Course Introduction
Practices Overview This practice introduces you to the lab environment, which you will use for performing the practices. In the concluding part of this lesson, you will be introduced to scenario-based practices. Ensure that you have read and understood clearly the macro scenario and the requirements you will address during the course of the practices.
Practices Infrastructure Your lab environment is based on the Oracle Virtual Machine (VM) VirtualBox (VBox) virtualization software. The VBox software is a cross-platform virtualization application. The lab environment comprises four VMs: s11-server, s11-client, s11-host01, and s11-host02. These VMs are configured on a private internal network, 192.168.0. Figure 1 shows the configured VMs in the VirtualBox environment.
Figure 1: Configured Oracle VirtualBox VMs The following table provides a brief description of the configured VMs: Name of the VM
Description
s11-server
This VM has the Oracle Solaris 11.2 guest OS image (Text install) and is configured as an IPS Repository server. This VM during the course of the practices will also be configured as the EVS controller.
s11-client
This VM has the Oracle Solaris 11.2 guest OS image (Live media install) and acts as a client node. The student uses this system to ssh into the various nodes or hosts in the system to perform tasks Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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Practices for Lesson 1: Overview
s11-host01
s11-host02
This VM has the Oracle Solaris 11.2 guest OS image (Text install) and acts as the primary node in the larger lab setup. During the course of the practices, students will create the following four nonglobal zones in this node to perform various tasks described in the practices. • zgateway1 •
pri-services
•
ws1
•
zapp1
This VM has the Oracle Solaris 11.2 guest OS image (Text install) and acts as the secondary node in the larger lab setup. Students will create the following four nonglobal zones in this node to perform various tasks described in the practices. • zgateway2 •
sec-services
•
ws2
•
zapp2
Note that Internet access is not available to these VMs. These VMs are further configured to communicate with the Oracle Solaris 10 host machine through the following shared directories. Resource Name
Location
Description
Host share directory
/opt/ora
Is the shared directory that is mapped to the host system
Student files
/opt/ora/course_files
Contains lab bundle content
Zone template files
/opt/ora/zonetemplate
Contains the XML files of the zones to be created in the s11-host02 VM
Script directory
/opt/ora/script
Contains the script file that automates the creation of resources on the s11-host02 VM
The following are the user credentials for accessing the s11-server, s11-client, s11-host01, and s11-host02 VMs. VM
Credentials
s11-server
Username: oracle Password: oracle1
s11-client
Username: oracle Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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described in the practices.
S11-host01
Username: oracle Password: oracle1
S11-host02
Username: oracle Password: oracle1
Note: As an oracle user, use su to switch to the primary administrator (root) role. The password is oracle1. root is configured as a role by default in Oracle Solaris 11. Note that the first username created in the system during installation is the initial privileged user who can assume the primary administrator role. This can be verified in the /etc/user_attr file. Best Practices •
When required, always shut down the system with the correct procedure. If the system contains zones, ensure that you shut down all the zones before proceeding with the system or VM shutdown procedure. To shut down a zone, exit out to the global zone and then use the zoneadm –z shutdown command.
•
(Optional) If you need to preserve the current state of the system, it is recommended that you use the virtual box’s snapshot feature. With snapshots, you can save a particular state of a virtual machine for later use. To learn more about this feature, click the Help menu in the Virtual Box window, use CTRL + F, and then enter snapshot in the search window. It is a good practice to take a snapshot of the VM at the end of each practice. If you choose to follow this practice, ensure to delete the older snapshot while taking a new snapshot. This helps in limiting system storage usage to the minimum. (Optional) Your system performance depends on the network speed and network load. If you find your VM too slow to proceed with, it is recommended that you shut down the VM and restart it. Follow the instructions in the practices for a smooth learning experience. The terminals you open in the s11-client desktop can be set with a terminal title corresponding to the exact VM or zone. It helps to identify the resource you are working with. Keep all the terminals open, unless specifically asked to close. Because this is a networking course, you will be constantly required to ping other resources to check, if the configurations were completed successfully. Opening a new terminal every now and then would be cumbersome. Toggle between the terminals in the s11-client desktop by using the Alt + Tab key. This is more seamless than scrolling the desktop up and down and trying to locate the particular terminal.
•
• •
•
•
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Password: oracle1
Tasks 1.
Power on the VMs. a. On your host system, start the Oracle VM VirtualBox Manager by double-clicking its icon on your desktop.
b.
In the Oracle VM VirtualBox Manager window, double-click the s11-server VM to start it. Alternatively, you can select the s11-server VM and click the Start button.
Figure 2: Oracle VirtualBox VMs Note: The s11-client VM is configured with 3 GB base memory, whereas the remaining VMS, s11-server, s11-host01, and s11-host02 are configured with 2 GB base memory.
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Practice 1-1: Getting Familiar with the Practice Environment
Log in to the various hosts. a. After the s11-server VM is powered on, at the command prompt, log in as user oracle with the password, oracle1.
b.
To switch to the primary administrator role, use the su command. The password is oracle1. s11-server console login: oracle Password: oracle1 Last login: Mon Jan 28 04:51:14 on console Oracle Corporation SunOS 5.11 11.1 September 2012 oracle@s11-server:~$ su Password: oracle1 Jan 28 05:50:27 s11-server su: ‘su root’ succeeded for oracle on /dev/console Oracle Corporation SunOS 5.11 11.1 September 2012 root@s11-server:~#
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2.
Start the s11-client VM. If you receive any notice or a warning message or an Information dialog box, click OK and continue.
d.
When the Username login screen appears, enter oracle as the username and click the Log In button.
e.
Enter oracle1 as the password and click the Log In button.
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c.
To open a terminal window, right-click the desktop and select Open Terminal. The default login prompt will have oracle as the user. Alternatively, you can also open a terminal window by clicking the terminal icon (highlighted in red) at the top of the window.
g.
To assume administrator privileges, switch to the root role by running the su command. The password is oracle1. oracle@s11-client:~$ su Password: oracle1 root@s11-client:~#
h.
3.
You can close the terminal by clicking the X button at the top-right corner of the window. Alternatively, you can use the exit command to exit from the terminal session. Establish secure remote connections with various nodes from the s11-client VM. a. Use ssh to establish a secure remote connection with the s11-server VM (192.168.0.100) from the s11-client VM. The password is oracle1. oracle@s11-client:~$ ssh oracle@s11-server The authenticity of host 's11-server (192.168.0.100)' can't be established. RSA key fingerprint is bf:5d:9a:4b:60:e8:2f:6b:eb:46:ad:b3:4c:a6:df:22. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added 's11-server,192.168.0.100' (RSA) to the list of known hosts. Password: Last login: Sun Oct 19 05:20:17 2014 Oracle Corporation SunOS 5.11 11.2 June 2014 Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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f.
When you establish the ssh connection for the first time, you are asked to authenticate the host VM. Reply with a yes to the question, “Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)?” This adds the host permanently to the list of known hosts. b.
Run the su command to assume primary administrator privileges. oracle@s11-server:~$ su Password: oracle1 root@s11-server:~#
4.
Set up terminal titles. a. In the terminal window, go to the Terminal menu and click Set Title.
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oracle@s11-server:~$
In the Set Title dialog box, enter the title name as s11-server and click the OK button.
This sets the terminal title as s11-server, which helps identify the corresponding terminal while performing specific tasks or commands.
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b.
Shut down VMS. a. You may need to power off a VM during the course of the practices. For instance, to shut down the s11-client VM, click the System menu and select the Shut Down option.
b.
Click the Shut Down button in the Shut Down dialog box. This initiates the VM shutdown procedure.
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5.
If a dialog box with the following message appears, ignore the message and continue by clicking the Shutdown Anyway button.
d.
Alternatively, you can shut down this VM by clicking the close button (X) on the topright corner of the VM window, highlighted in red.
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c.
In the Close Virtual Machine dialog box, select Send the shutdown signal option and click OK. Alternatively, you can also use the Power off the machine option.
f.
To verify that the VM is shut down, check the status that appears under the VM’s name in Oracle VM VirtualBox Manager. The status for the s11-client VM is Powered Off.
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e.
Now you can practice shutting down the s11-server VM. Click the (X) button at the extreme right corner of the window, highlighted with a red circle:
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g.
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Practices for Lesson 1: Course Introduction Chapter 1 - Page 14
In the Close Virtual Machine dialog box, select Send the shutdown signal and click OK.
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h.
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In a few seconds or minutes, the Virtual Machine window disappears. To confirm, switch to the Oracle VM VirtualBox Manager window. The status for the s11-server VM is Powered Off.
This completes your initiation into the start state of the practices in this course.
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i.
Overview The practices in this course are designed around scenarios or situations that give you some of the right reasons to deploy a particular technology and address a specific requirement. Know that you are a stakeholder in this setup. Because the scenarios are linked to a larger lab infrastructure, you will be able to appreciate the interplay of various features and technologies of Oracle Solaris 11, rather than learn to use them in isolation. In this practice, you are introduced to the following: • • •
Stakeholders Requirements and implementations Topology diagram
•
Resources and their IP addresses
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Practice 1-2: Scenario-Based Practices
Requirements and Implementations The following table captures the list of requirements to be addressed in the prototype. During the course of the practices, you will implement the recommended technology Implementations mentioned in the Requirement table. Requirement
Implementation
Network-in-a-box
VNICs Etherstubs Virtual switch IP Forwarding
Isolated nodes across hosts
VXLAN EVS
IP failover
IPMP Trunk aggregation
Link failover DLMP Router failover
L3 VRRP
Load balancing
ILB
Centralized database for granting IP addresses
ISC DHCP
Centralized database for host name resolution
DNS
Centralized data store for user authentication
LDAP
Bandwidth regulation on datalinks
Datalink properties
Traffic control and regulation on specific ports/channels
Flows
Datalink protection
dhcp-nospoof ip-nospoof mac-nospoof restricted
Regulate client access to network services (Firewall)
IP Filter
Cloud integration
OpenStack (Neutron – Keystone)
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Stakeholders Murraya Inc., a world-wide freighter has considered phasing in Oracle Solaris 11 into its data center. You are part of a larger team of network administrators at Murraya that is responsible for configuring a prototype that makes a case for consolidating a vastly distributed network infrastructure. You need to test the various Oracle Solaris networking features and technologies, especially the network virtualization and Software Defined Network (SDN) capabilities before migrating to a production environment.
Host: Oracle Solaris 10 s11-client
s11-host01
pri-services
192.168.0.111
DHCP server DNS server LDAP server
O
192.168.3.6
192.168.10.100
stub02 zapp1
zgateway1 192.168.10.11 192.168.1.2
ws2 192.168.3.7
f-http maxbw=7000 MB
stub01
zclient
192.168.0.113
192.168.3.5
ws1
f-ssh priority=high
s11-host02
sec-services
192.168.0.112
192.168.3.4
192.168.2.2
192.168.10.22 192.168.3.2 192.168.1.3 192.168.2.4
192.168.10.100
zgateway2
zapp2
192.168.3.3 192.168.10.33 192.168.1.4 198.168.2.5
192.168.2.3
appSwitch (192.168.2.x) gateSwitch(192.168.1.x)
IPMP
IPMP
IPS Repository EVS Controller EVS Manager
s11-server 192.168.0.100
cloudSwitch (192.168.20.x) Keystone Neutron
Virtual Box
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Topology Diagram The topology diagram is a schematic representation of the recommended technology implementations for the prototype. During the course of the practices, you will reconstruct this setup piece by piece until you have assembled the whole. Know that you will have clear instructions in each of the practices to achieve the desired outcomes.
VMs
Zones
NIC
VNIC
appSwitch
gateSwitch
L3 VRRP
s11-server
cloudSwitch 192.168.20.x
192.168.0.100 zclient
192.168.10.11
s11-host01
zgateway1
192.168.10.22
192.168.0.112
priservices
s11-client 192.168.0.111
192.168.1.2 192.168.3.2
192.168.0.113
secservices
192.168.10.100
192.168.1.4
192.168.10.100
192.168.3.6
zapp1 zgateway2
192.168.1.3
192.168.3.4
ws1
s11-host02
192.168.2.4
192.168.2.2 192.168.10.33
192.168.3.3
192.168.2.5
192.168.3.5
ws2
192.168.3.7
zapp2
192.168.2.3
Note of Assurance: Although the setup looks overwhelming at this stage, be assured that you will be able to implement the setup in entirety by the end of the course, if you follow the instructions carefully.
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Resources and their IP addresses Considering the complex setup, it is useful to keep the resources table always handy for reference. The various zones across hosts and the network services hosted on them are all linked to IP addresses over Network Interface Cards (NICs), Virtual VNICs (VNICs), and virtual ports (vports). It is easy to get confused regarding which IP is assigned to what resource and how they are all connected. This table guides you through each of the practices.
Chapter 2
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Practices for Lesson 2: Networking Fundamentals
Practices Overview Now is a good time to understand the base network that you will use for Murraya’s prototype. The base infrastructure consists of four hosts: s11-server, s11-client, s11-host01, and s11host02. These hosts are assigned over the 192.168.0.x network. The s11-server system is configured as the local IPS repository. The s11-client will be the client interface to the other hosts in the infrastructure. In this lab, you will gather network information by probing the hosts and their devices. Below is the schematic representation of the start state of the prototype infrastructure. Host: Oracle Solaris 10 s11-client
s11-host01
s11-host02
192.168.0.111
192.168.0.112
192.168.0.113
IPS Repository
s11-server 192.168.0.100
Virtual Box
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Practices for Lesson 2: Overview
VMs
Zones
NIC
VNIC
appSwitch
gateSwitch
L3 VRRP
s11-server
cloudSwitch 192.168.20.x
192.168.0.100 zclient
192.168.10.11
s11-host01
zgateway1
192.168.10.22
192.168.0.112
priservices
s11-client 192.168.0.111
192.168.1.2 192.168.3.2
192.168.0.113
secservices ws2 zapp2
192.168.10.100
192.168.1.4
192.168.10.100
192.168.3.6
zapp1 zgateway2
192.168.1.3
192.168.3.4
ws1
s11-host02
192.168.2.4
192.168.2.2 192.168.10.33
192.168.3.3
192.168.2.5
192.168.3.5 192.168.3.7 192.168.2.3
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Refer to the following table for IP addresses assigned to various resources.
•
All tasks associated with the s11-server, s11-host01, and s11-host02 VMs are performed via secure (ssh) login from the s11-client VM.
•
You perform all tasks in the root role, unless mentioned otherwise. (Assume root privileges by using the su command and oracle1 as password.)
• •
Some command output or values may vary across systems. The font size of the output is reduced in a few places, to accommodate complete command output.
General Instructions: • • •
Ensure you set a title to the terminal window for easier recognition. These terminal windows will be referenced by their titles in the labs. So follow the naming convention mentioned in the procedures. Keep the terminal windows open unless specifically asked to close. In case, you happen to shut down a specific terminal, you can re-establish the connection: o Open a new terminal window. o SSH to the host (global zone) by using the ssh oracle@s11- command and specifying oracle1 as password. o
Assume root privileges by using the su command and oracle1 as password.
•
There will be occasions where you will use the shutdown command to shut down the nonglobal zones. In case your terminal hangs while shutting down, open a new terminal and re-establish the connection as mentioned in the previous step.
•
In case, a zone is not running, boot the zone first by using the zoneadm –z boot command. Then log in to the zone by using the zlogin command.
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Assumptions: • s11-server, s11-client, s11-host01, and s11-host02 VMs are running.
Overview Apart from acquainting yourself with the start state of the hosts in the prototype infrastructure, you will familiarize yourself with some basic network settings, and verify if all hosts are pinging each other at this stage. Tasks In this practice, you will identity the network configuration of: • The s11-server VM • The s11-client VM • The s11-host01 VM • The s11-host02 VM Task 1/4 1. Identify the network configuration of the s11-client VM. a. Verify that the s11-server, s11-client, s11-host01, and s11-host02 VMs are running. b. Log in to the s11-client VM with username oracle and password as oracle1. c. From the s11-client desktop, open a terminal window and set the title of the window as s11-client. d. Switch to the root role by using the su command. oracle@s11-client:~$ su Password: oracle1 root@s11-client:~# e.
Disable the sendmail notification. root@s11-client:~# svcadm disable sendmail
f.
Display information about the physical attributes of the datalinks on the s11-client VM. root@s11-client:~# dladm show-phys LINK MEDIA STATE net1 Ethernet unknown net2 Ethernet unknown net0 Ethernet up net3 Ethernet unknown
g.
SPEED 0 0 1000 0
DUPLEX unknown unknown full unknown
DEVICE e1000g1 e1000g2 e1000g0 e1000g3
Find the active network configuration profile by using the netadm command. root@s11-client:~# netadm list TYPE PROFILE STATE ncp Automatic disabled ncp DefaultFixed online loc DefaultFixed online loc Automatic offline loc NoNet offline
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Practice 2-1: Gather Network Information
To verify that the network/physical:default service has restarted and is online, you can use the svcs -xv network/physical:default command. In this case though, you need to retain the DefaultFixed profile. h.
Display the address information of the network interfaces. root@s11-client:~# ipadm show-addr ADDROBJ TYPE STATE lo0/v4 static ok net0/v4 static ok l0/v6 static ok
ADDR 127.0.0.1/8 192.168.0.111/24 ::1/28
Observation: The s11-client VM is on an IPv4 network and configured over the 192.168.0.111 IP address. Additional details regarding this system are: •
There are four physical NICS: net0, net1, net2, and net3
•
The hardware-based link name is net0.
•
Only net0 is configured at this point.
•
Media is Ethernet.
•
The device state is up.
•
Data transfer speed is 1000 Mb.
•
The duplex state is full, which means that there can be two-way data transmission.
• The device type is e1000g0, which refers to the Intel gigabit controller type device. Task 2/4 2. Identify the network configuration of the s11-server VM. a. From the s11-client desktop, open another terminal window and set the title of the window as s11-server. b. Establish a secure remote connection with the s11-server VM by using the ssh command. oracle@s11-client:~$ ssh oracle@s11-server Password: Last login: Sun Oct 19 05:33:12 2014 from 192.168.0.111 Oracle Corporation SunOS 5.11 11.2 June 2014 c.
Switch to the root role by using the su command. oracle@s11-server:~$ su Password: oracle1 root@s11-server:~#
d.
Disable the sendmail notification. root@s11-server:~# svcadm disable sendmail Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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The active NCP is DefaultFixed. You can switch between the profile types. For example, to switch from a fixed to a reactive profile, you can use the netadm enable -p ncp Automatic command.
Display information about the physical attributes of the datalinks currently on the s11server VM. root@s11-server:~# dladm show-phys LINK MEDIA STATE SPEED net1 Ethernet unknown 0 net2 Ethernet unknown 0 net0 Ethernet up 1000 net3 Ethernet unknown 0
f.
DUPLEX unknown unknown full unknown
DEVICE e1000g1 e1000g2 e1000g0 e1000g3
Find the active network configuration profile by using the netadm command. root@s11-server:~# netadm list TYPE PROFILE STATE ncp Automatic disabled ncp DefaultFixed online loc DefaultFixed online loc Automatic offline loc NoNet offline
g.
Display the address information of the interface by using the ipadm command. root@s11-server:~# ipadm show-addr ADDROBJ TYPE STATE ADDR lo0/v4 static ok 127.0.0.1/8 net0/v4 static ok 192.168.0.100/24 lo0/v6 static ok ::1/128 net0/v6 addrconf ok fe80::a00:27ff:fe8d:cada/10
Observation: The s11-server VM is on an IPv4 network and configured over the 192.168.0.100 IP address. Task 3/4 3. Identify the network configuration of the s11-host01 VM. a. From the s11-client desktop, open another terminal window and set the title of the window as s11-host01. b. Establish a secure remote connection with the s11-host01 VM by using the ssh command. oracle@s11-client:~$ ssh oracle@s11-host01 Password: oracle1 Last login: Wed Oct 8 07:54:59 2014 from 192.168.0.111 Oracle Corporation SunOS 5.11 11.2 June 2014 c.
Switch to the root role by using the su command. oracle@s11-host01:~$ su Password: oracle1 root@s11-host01:~#
d.
Disable the sendmail notification. root@s11-host01:~# svcadm disable sendmail Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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e.
Display information about the physical attributes of the datalinks on the s11-host01 VM. root@s11-host01:~# dladm show-phys LINK MEDIA STATE SPEED net1 Ethernet unknown 0 net2 Ethernet unknown 0 net0 Ethernet up 1000 net3 Ethernet unknown 0
f.
DUPLEX unknown unknown full unknown
DEVICE e1000g1 e1000g2 e1000g0 e1000g3
Find the active network configuration profile by using the netadm command. root@s11-host01:~# netadm list TYPE PROFILE STATE ncp Automatic disabled ncp DefaultFixed online loc DefaultFixed online loc Automatic offline loc NoNet offline
g.
Display the address information of the network interfaces. root@s11-host01:~# ipadm show-addr ADDROBJ TYPE STATE ADDR lo0/v4 static ok 127.0.0.1/8 net0/v4 static ok 192.168.0.112/24 lo0/v6 static ok ::1/128 net0/v6 addrconf ok fe80::a00:27ff:fe7f:9496/10
Observation: The s11-host01 VM is on an IPv4 network and configured over the 192.168.0.112 IP address. Task 4/4 4. Identify the network configuration of the s11-host02 VM. a. From the s11-client desktop, open yet another terminal window and set the title of the window as s11-host02. b. Establish a secure remote connection with the s11-host02 VM by using the ssh command. oracle@s11-client:~$ ssh oracle@s11-host02 Password: oracle1 Last login: Wed Oct 8 07:54:59 2014 from 192.168.0.111 Oracle Corporation SunOS 5.11 11.2 June 2014 c.
Switch to the root role by using the su command. oracle@s11-host02:~$ su Password: oracle1 root@s11-host02:~#
d.
Disable the sendmail notification. root@s11-host02:~# svcadm disable sendmail Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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e.
Display information about the physical attributes of the datalinks on the s11-host02 VM. root@s11-host02:~# dladm show-phys LINK MEDIA STATE SPEED net1 Ethernet unknown 0 net2 Ethernet unknown 0 net0 Ethernet up 1000 net3 Ethernet unknown 0
f.
DUPLEX unknown unknown full unknown
DEVICE e1000g1 e1000g2 e1000g0 e1000g3
Find the active network configuration profile by using the netadm command. root@s11-host02:~# netadm list TYPE PROFILE STATE ncp Automatic disabled ncp DefaultFixed online loc DefaultFixed online loc Automatic offline loc NoNet offline
g.
Display the address information of the network interfaces. root@s11-host02:~# ipadm show-addr ADDROBJ TYPE STATE ADDR lo0/v4 static ok 127.0.0.1/8 net0/v4 static ok 192.168.0.113/24 lo0/v6 static ok ::1/128 net0/v6 addrconf ok fe80::a00:27ff:fe01:c195/10 The s11-host02 VM is on an IPv4 network and configured over the 192.168.0.113 IP address.
h.
Finally, try pinging one host from the other and observe if all of them are able to ping each other. Note: Do not shut down the terminal windows. You will need them in the next practice. Summary: You now have an overall picture of the systems that form the base infrastructure for your prototype. From the next lab onwards, you will start building and testing your infrastructure block by block.
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Chapter 3
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Practices for Lesson 3: Configuring a Virtual Network
Practices Overview By using the essential building blocks of network virtualization, such as VNICs, virtual switches, etherstubs, and routing functionality, it is possible to consolidate an entire distributed computing environment onto a single system for prototyping, testing, and deployment scenarios without the restriction of the physical network devices attached to the system. In this lab, you will perform the following practices: •
Configure virtual network for the zclient zone on s11-client
• •
Configure virtual network for non-global zones on s11-host01 Configure virtual network for non-global zones on s11-host02
•
Configure the EVS controller on s11-server
•
Configure EVS client nodes
Below is the schematic representation of the setup you will build and test in this lab: Host: Oracle Solaris 10 s11-client 192.168.0.111
s11-host01
pri-services
192.168.0.112
192.168.3.4
sec-services 192.168.3.5
ws1
stub01
zclient 192.168.10.11 192.168.1.2
192.168.0.113
ws2 192.168.3.7
192.168.3.6
stub02 zapp1
zgateway1
s11-host02
192.168.2.2
192.168.10.22 192.168.3.2 192.168.1.3 192.168.2.4
zgateway2
zapp2
192.168.3.3 192.168.10.33 192.168.1.4 198.168.2.5
192.168.2.3
appSwitch (192.168.2.x) gateSwitch(192.168.1.x)
IPS Repository EVS Controller EVS Manager
Virtual Box
s11-server 192.168.0.100
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Practices for Lesson 3: Overview
VMs
Zones
NIC
VNIC
appSwitch
gateSwitch
L3 VRRP
cloudSwitch
s11-server 192.168.0.100 s11-client
192.168.20.x zclient
192.168.0.111
192.168.10.11
s11-host01
zgateway1
192.168.0.112
priservices
192.168.10.22
192.168.1.2 192.168.3.2
192.168.0.113
secservices ws2 zapp2
192.168.10.100
192.168.1.4
192.168.10.100
192.168.3.6
zapp1 zgateway2
192.168.1.3
192.168.3.4
ws1
s11-host02
192.168.2.4
192.168.2.2 192.168.10.33
192.168.3.3
192.168.2.5
192.168.3.5 192.168.3.7 192.168.2.3
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Refer to the following table for IP addresses assigned to various resources.
•
All tasks associated with the s11-server, s11-host01, and s11-host02 VMs are performed via secure (ssh) login from the s11-client VM.
•
You perform all tasks in the root role, unless mentioned otherwise. (Assume root privileges by using the su command and oracle1 as password.)
• •
Some command output or values may vary across systems. The font size of the output is reduced in a few places, to accommodate complete command output.
General Instructions: • • •
Ensure you set a title to the terminal window for easier recognition. These terminal windows will be referenced by their titles in the labs. So follow the naming convention mentioned in the procedures. Keep the terminal windows open unless specifically asked to close. In case, you happen to shut down a specific terminal, you can re-establish the connection: o Open a new terminal window. o SSH to the host (global zone) by using the ssh oracle@s11- command and specifying oracle1 as password. o
Assume root privileges by using the su command and oracle1 as password.
•
There will be occasions where you will use the shutdown command to shut down the nonglobal zones. In case your terminal hangs while shutting down, open a new terminal and re-establish the connection as mentioned in the previous step.
•
In case, a zone is not running, boot the zone first by using the zoneadm –z boot command. Then log in to the zone by using the zlogin command.
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Assumptions: • The s11-server, s11-client, s11-host01, and s11-host02 VMs are running.
Overview In this practice, you create a nonglobal zone called zclient on the s11-client system. This zone needs to be plumbed on the net1 interface and assigned a static IP address, 192.168.10.11. All client requests to the resources on s11-server, s11-host01, and s11host02 systems will be initiated from the zclient zone.
Host: Oracle Solaris 10 s11-client
s11-host01
s11-host02
192.168.0.111
192.168.0.112
192.168.0.113
zclient 192.168.10.11
IPS Repository
s11-server 192.168.0.100
Virtual Box
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Tasks: In this practice, you will configure virtual network for the zclient zone. Task 1/1 1. Configure virtual network for the zclient zone. Because this is a new zone, you will first configure the zclient zone and then configure the virtual network for the zone. a. Open the s11-client VM terminal and rename the terminal title as zclient. b. List zone information by using the zoneadm command. root@s11-client:~# zoneadm list -cv ID NAME STATUS PATH 0 global running /
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There is no nonglobal zone configured at this stage. c.
Create the zclient zone by using the zonecfg command. root@s11-client:~# zonecfg -z zclient Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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Practice 3-1: Configure Virtual Network for the zclient Zone on s11client
The net1 interface will be used for configuring the 192.168.10.11 IP address. d.
Remove the net0 interface from the zone configuration. root@s11-client:~# zonecfg -z zclient ‘remove anet linkname=net0’ By default, the net0 interface is a nonpersistent interface assigned to every zone from the SYSdefault template. You can verify this by reading the /etc/zones/zclient.xml file. Because you do not require this interface, for now you will remove it.
e.
Confirm that the zclient zone is configured and listed. root@s11-client:~# zoneadm list -cv ID NAME STATUS PATH BRAND IP 0 global running / solaris shared zclient configured /zones/zclient solaris excl
f.
Verify that the s11-client VM can contact the IPS server, before installing the zclient zone. root@s11-client:~# pkg publisher PUBLISHER TYPE STATUS P LOCATION solaris origin online F http://s11-server.mydomain.com/
g. Install the zclient zone by using the zoneadm install command. root@s11-client:~# zoneadm -z zclient install The following ZFS file system(s) have been created: rpool/zones rpool/zones/zclient Progress being logged to /var/log/zones/zoneadm.20141008T025441Z.zclient.install Image: Preparing at /zones/zclient/root. Install Log: AI Manifest: SC Profile: Zonename: Installation:
/system/volatile/install.5849/install_log /tmp/manifest.xml.5taOzl /usr/share/auto_install/sc_profiles/enable_sci.xml zclient Starting ... Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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Use 'create' to begin configuring a new zone. zonecfg:zclient> create create: Using system default template 'SYSdefault' zonecfg:zclient> set zonepath=/zones/zclient zonecfg:zclient> add net zonecfg:zclient:net> set physical=net1 zonecfg:zclient:net> end zonecfg:zclient> exit
PHASE Installing new actions Updating package state database Updating package cache Updating image state Creating fast lookup database Updating package cache Installation: Succeeded
ITEMS 71043/71043 Done 0/0 Done Done 1/1
Note: Man pages can be obtained by installing pkg:/system/manual done. Done: Installation completed in 188.624 seconds.
Next Steps: Boot the zone, then log into the zone console (zlogin -C) to complete the configuration process. Log saved in non-global zone as /zones/zclient/root/var/log/zones/zoneadm.20141008T025441Z.zclie nt.install The installation process may take several minutes depending on the network speed. h.
Now check the status of the zclient zone. root@s11-client:~# zoneadm list -cv ID NAME STATUS PATH 0 global running / zclient installed /zones/zclient
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Creating IPS image Startup linked: 1/1 done Installing packages from: solaris origin: http://s11-server.mydomain.com/ DOWNLOAD PKGS FILES XFER (MB) SPEED Completed 282/282 53274/53274 351.9/351.9 5.2M/s
Boot the zclient zone and check its status again. root@s11-client:~# zoneadm -z zclient boot root@s11-client:~# zoneadm list -cv ID NAME STATUS PATH BRAND 0 global running / solaris zclient running /zones/zclient solaris
j.
IP shared excl
Log in to the zclient zone console by using the zlogin –C command. root@s11-client:~# zlogin -C zclient Note: If it takes considerable amount of time for the console to appear, press the Enter key. When prompted, provide the following information to set up the zclient zone and use the F2 key to move to the next option. Item
Value
Computer name
zclient
Networking
Manually
Manual network configuration
net1
IP Address
192.168.10.11
DNS
Do not configure DNS
Alternate name service
None
Time zone
Choose appropriately
Time zone locations
Choose appropriately
Root password
oracle1
Username
oracle
Unser password
oracle1
k. When done, press F2 to allow the zclient zone to restart. [Connected to zone 'zclient' console] SC profile successfully generated as: /etc/svc/profile/sysconfig/sysconfig-20141008030406/sc_profile.xml Exiting System Configuration Tool. Log is available at: /system/volatile/sysconfig/sysconfig.log.9913 Hostname: zclient zclient console login: l.
Log in to the zclient zone as user oracle and oracle1 as password. zclient console login: oracle Password: oracle1 Oracle Corporation SunOS 5.11 oracle@zclient:~$
11.2
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i.
oracle@zclient:~$ su Password: oracle1 root@zclient:~# n.
Verify that the network is configured on the zclient zone. root@zclient:~# ipadm show-addr ADDROBJ TYPE STATE lo0/v4 static ok net1/v4 static ok lo0/v6 static ok net1/v6 addrconf ok fe80::a00:27ff:feb0:7de/10
ADDR 127.0.0.1/8 192.168.10.11/24 ::1/128
Observation: The zclient zone is up and is configured with the 192.168.10.11 IP address.
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m. Switch to the root role by using the su command.
Overview For now, the s11-host VM will host three nonglobal zones: zgateway1, pri-services, and ws1. The zgateway1 zone is the entry point to the pri-services and ws1 zones that are configured over an etherstub (private virtual network). This implies that all communication from the external network to the zones on the private virtual network will happen through zgateway1. As you configure each of the zones, the requirement is to ensure that one by one each of the zones is able to ping the other. They all need to communicate with each other: within the private virtual network, within the host, and across hosts. Tasks In this practice, you will perform the following tasks: 1. Configure the zimage zone. 2. Configure the zgateway1 zone. 3. Create the stub1 etherstub. 4. Configure the pri-services zone. 5. Reconfigure the zgateway1 zone for a different subnet. 6. Configure the ws1 zone. Task 1/6 1. Create the zimage zone. Because so many zones need to be configured on the system, it is a good practice to use the cloning feature to expedite the zone installation process. The zimage zone is configured minimally and will be used for cloning other zones in the s11-host01 system. a. Switch to the s11-host01 terminal and rename the title to zimage. b. List zone details by using the zoneadm command. root@s11-host01:~# zoneadm list -cv ID NAME STATUS PATH 0 global running / c.
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Configure the zimage zone by using the zonecfg command. root@s11-host01:~# zonecfg -z zimage Use 'create' to begin configuring a new zone. zonecfg:zimage> create create: Using system default template 'SYSdefault' zonecfg:zimage> set zonepath=/zones/zimage zonecfg:zimage> exit
d.
Install the zone. root@s11-host01:~# zoneadm –z zimage install The following ZFS file system(s) have been created: rpool/zones rpool/zones/zimage Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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Practice 3-2: Configure Virtual Network for Nonglobal Zones on s11host01
Install Log: AI Manifest: SC Profile: Zonename: Installation:
/system/volatile/install.2577/install_log /tmp/manifest.xml.Z4aOaf /usr/share/auto_install/sc_profiles/enable_sci.xml zimage Starting ...
Creating IPS image Startup linked: 1/1 done Installing packages from: solaris origin: http://s11-server.mydomain.com/ DOWNLOAD PKGS FILES (MB) SPEED Completed 282/282 53274/53274 351.9/351.9 739k/s PHASE Installing new actions Updating package state database Updating package cache Updating image state Creating fast lookup database Updating package cache Installation: Succeeded
XFER
ITEMS 71043/71043 Done 0/0 Done Done 1/1
Note: Man pages can be obtained by installing pkg:/system/manual done. Done: Installation completed in 638.096 seconds.
Next Steps: Boot the zone, then log into the zone console (zlogin -C) to complete the configuration process. Log saved in non-global zone as /zones/zimage/root/var/log/zones/zoneadm.20141008T025933Z.zimage.in stall Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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Progress being logged to /var/log/zones/zoneadm.20141008T025933Z.zimage.install Image: Preparing at /zones/zimage/root.
The installation process may take several minutes depending on the network speed. e.
Display zone information by using the zoneadm command. root@s11-host01:~# zoneadm list -cv ID NAME STATUS PATH 0 global running / zimage installed /zones/zimage
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Do not close this terminal. You can continue with the next task on this terminal. Observation: The zimage zone has been successfully installed and will be used as a clone to install the various zones in the s11-host01 system. Task 2/6 2. Configure the zgateway1 zone. Plumb the zgateway1 zone on the net1 interface with 192.168.10.22 static IP address. Host: Oracle Solaris 10 s11-client
s11-host01
s11-host02
192.168.0.111
192.168.0.112
192.168.0.113
zgateway1 192.168.10.22
zclient 192.168.10.11
IPS Repository
s11-server 192.168.0.100
Virtual Box
a. b.
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Reset the zimage terminal window to zgateway1. Display zone information by using the zoneadm command. root@s11-host01:~# zoneadm list -cv ID NAME STATUS PATH 0 global running / zimage installed /zones/zimage
c.
BRAND solaris solaris
Configure the zgateway1 zone by using the zonecfg command. root@s11-host01:~# zonecfg -z zgateway1 Use 'create' to begin configuring a new zone. Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Practices for Lesson 3: Configuring a Virtual Network Chapter 3 - Page 12
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root@s11-host01:~#
The net1 interface will be used for configuring the 192.168.10.22 IP address. The net2 interface along with net1 will be required later for configuring IPMP. d.
Remove the net0 interface from the zone configuration. root@s11-host01:~# zonecfg -z zgateway1 ‘remove anet linkname=net0’
e.
Confirm that the zgateway1 zone is configured and listed. root@s11-host01:~# zoneadm list -cv ID NAME STATUS PATH 0 global running / zimage installed /zones/zimage zgateway1 configured /zones/zgateway1
f.
BRAND solaris solaris solaris
IP shared excl excl
Install the zgateway1 zone by cloning with the zimage zone. root@s11-host01:~# zoneadm -z zgateway1 clone zimage The following ZFS file system(s) have been created: rpool/zones/zgateway1 Progress being logged to /var/log/zones/zoneadm.20141008T041159Z.zgateway1.clone Log saved in non-global zone as /zones/zgateway1/root/var/log/zones/zoneadm.20141008T041159Z.zga teway1.clone root@s11-host01:~# Observe that the zone installation is much faster now.
g.
Check the status of the zgateway1 zone. root@s11-host01:~# zoneadm list -cv ID NAME STATUS PATH 0 global running / zimage installed /zones/zimage zgateway1 installed /zones/zgateway1
h.
BRAND solaris solaris solaris
Start the zgateway1 zone and check its status again. root@s11-host01:~# zoneadm –z zgateway1 boot Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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zonecfg:zgateway1> create create: Using system default template 'SYSdefault' zonecfg:zgateway1> set zonepath=/zones/zgateway1 zonecfg:zgateway1> add net zonecfg:zgateway1:net> set physical=net1 zonecfg:zgateway1:net> end zonecfg:zgateway1> add net zonecfg:zgateway1:net> set physical=net2 zonecfg:zgateway1:net> end zonecfg:zgateway1> exit
i.
BRAND solaris solaris solaris
IP shared excl excl
Log in to the zgateway1 zone console by using the zlogin –C command. root@s11-host01:~# zlogin -C zgateway1 [Connected to zone 'zgateway1' console] Note: If it takes considerable amount of time for the console to appear, press the Enter key. When prompted, provide the following information to set up the zgateway1 zone. Press the F2 key to move to the next option. Item
Value
Computer name
zgateway1
Networking
Manually
Manual network configuration
net1
IP Address
192.168.10.22
DNS
Do not configure DNS
Alternate name service
None
Time zone
Choose appropriately
Time zone locations
Choose appropriately
Root password
oracle1
Username
oracle
User password
oracle1
j. When done, press F2 to allow the zgateway1 zone to restart. SC profile successfully generated as: etc/svc/profile/sysconfig/sysconfig-20141008041206/sc_profile.xml Exiting System Configuration Tool. Log is available at: /system/volatile/sysconfig/sysconfig.log.6847 Hostname: zgateway1 zgateway1 console login: The zgateway1 zone has been successfully configured. k.
Log in to the zgateway1 zone as user oracle. zgateway1 console login: oracle Password: Oracle Corporation SunOS 5.11 oracle@zgateway1:~$
11.2
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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root@s11-host01:~# zoneadm list -cv ID NAME STATUS PATH 0 global running / 2 zgateway1 running /zones/zgateway1 zimage installed /zones/zimage
Switch to the root role by using the su command. oracle@zgateway1:~$ su Password: oracle1 root@zgateway1:~#
m. Verify that the network is configured on the zgateway1 zone. root@zgateway1:~# ipadm show-addr ADDROBJ TYPE STATE lo0/v4 static ok net1/v4 static ok lo0/v6 static ok net1/v6 addrconf ok fe80::a00:27ff:feb3:5828/10 n.
ADDR 127.0.0.1/8 192.168.10.22/24 ::1/128
Ping the zclient zone on the s11-client system. root@zgateway1:~# ping 192.168.10.11 192.168.10.11 is alive
o.
Switch to the zclient terminal and ping zgateway1 from the zclient zone. root@zclient:~# ping 192.168.10.22 192.168.10.22 is alive
Observation: The zgateway1 (192.168.10.22) and zclient (192.168.10.11) zones are able to communicate with each other. Task 3/6 3. Create the stub1 etherstub. You have successfully created and configured the zgateway1 zone. You now require additional zones (pri-services and ws1) to configure various network services in subsequent labs. However, these zones need to be specifically protected from the larger network and the outside world. Recall that etherstubs help you to create private virtual networks. The pri-services and ws1 zones will be plumbed with VNICs created off the etherstub, stub1.
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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l.
s11-client
s11-host01
s11-host02
192.168.0.111
192.168.0.112
192.168.0.113
stub01 zgateway1 192.168.10.22
zclient 192.168.10.11
IPS Repository
s11-server 192.168.0.100
Virtual Box
a. b.
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
From the s11-client desktop, open another terminal window and set the title of the window as etherstub. Establish a secure remote connection with the s11-host01 VM by using ssh. oracle@s11-client:~$ ssh oracle@s11-host01 Password: oracle1 Last login: Wed Oct 8 07:54:59 2014 from 192.168.0.111 Oracle Corporation SunOS 5.11 11.2 June 2014
c.
Switch to the root role by using the su command. oracle@s11-host01:~$ su Password: oracle1 root@s11-host01:~#
d.
Create an etherstub called stub1. root@s11-host01:~# dladm create-etherstub stub1
e.
Verify that the etherstub has been created. root@s11-host01:~# dladm show-etherstub -Z LINK ZONE stub1 global
f.
Create three VNICs (vnic2, vnic4, and vnic6) over the stub1 etherstub. root@s11-host01:~# dladm create-vnic -l stub1 vnic2 root@s11-host01:~# dladm create-vnic -l stub1 vnic4 root@s11-host01:~# dladm create-vnic -l stub1 vnic6
g.
Display VNIC details. root@s11-host01:~# dladm show-vnic LINK OVER SPEED MACADDRESS Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Practices for Lesson 3: Configuring a Virtual Network Chapter 3 - Page 16
MACADDRTYPE VIDS
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Host: Oracle Solaris 10
stub1 stub1 stub1
40000 40000 40000
2:8:20:fa:51:55 2:8:20:fa:51:55 2:8:20:fa:51:55
random random random
0 0 0
Observation: These VNICs created off stub1 will be assigned to the pri-services and ws1 zones to create a private virtual network. Task 4/6 4. Configure the pri-services zone. The pri-services zone will host essential network services, such as DHCP, DNS, and LDAP later in your infrastructure. For now, the pri-services zone needs to be configured on the private virtual network, to isolate it from the external network. All access to the pri-services zone will be through zgateway1 and never directly. You therefore need to plumb pri-services over vnic4 with the 192.168.3.4 IP address. Host: Oracle Solaris 10 s11-client 192.168.0.111
pri-services
s11-host01
s11-host02
192.168.0.112
192.168.0.113
192.168.3.4
stub01 zgateway1 192.168.10.22
zclient 192.168.10.11
IPS Repository
s11-server 192.168.0.100
Virtual Box
a. b.
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Reset the title of the terminal from etherstub to pri-services. Display zone information by using the zoneadm command. root@s11-host01:~# zoneadm list -cv ID NAME STATUS PATH 0 global running / 2 zgateway1 running /zones/zgateway1 zimage installed /zones/zimage
c.
BRAND solaris solaris solaris
Configure the pri-services zone by using the zonecfg command. root@s11-host01:~# zonecfg -z pri-services Use 'create' to begin configuring a new zone. zonecfg:pri-services> create create: Using system default template 'SYSdefault' zonecfg:pri-services> set zonepath=/zones/pri-services Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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vnic2 vnic4 vnic6
Observe that you have assigned vnic4 to the pri-services zone. d.
Remove the net0 interface from the zone configuration. root@s11-host01:~# zonecfg -z pri-services ‘remove anet linkname=net0’
e. Confirm that the pri-services zone is configured and listed.
root@s11-host01:~# zoneadm list -cv ID NAME STATUS PATH 0 global running / 2 zgateway1 running /zones/zgateway1 zimage installed /zones/zimage pri-services configured /zones/pri-services f.
BRAND IP solaris shared solaris excl solaris excl solaris excl
Install the pri-services zone by cloning with the zimage zone. root@s11-host01:~# zoneadm -z pri-services clone zimage The following ZFS file system(s) have been created: rpool/zones/pri-services Progress being logged to /var/log/zones/zoneadm.20141008T043157Z.pri-services.clone Log saved in non-global zone as /zones/priservices/root/var/log/zones/zoneadm.20141008T043157Z.priservices.clone root@s11-host01:~# zoneadm list -cv ID NAME STATUS PATH BRAND IP 0 global running / solaris shared 2 zgateway1 running /zones/zgateway1 solaris excl - zimage installed /zones/zimage solaris excl - pri-services installed /zones/pri-services solaris excl
g.
Start the pri-services zone and check its status again. root@s11-host01:~# zoneadm -z pri-services boot root@s11-host01:~# zoneadm list -cv ID NAME STATUS PATH 0 global running / 2 zgateway1 running /zones/zgateway1 5 pri-services running /zones/pri-services - zimage installed /zones/zimage
h.
BRAND solaris solaris solaris solaris
IP shared excl excl excl
Log in to the pri-services zone console by using the zlogin –C command. root@s11-host01:~# zlogin -C pri-services Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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zonecfg:pri-services> add net zonecfg:pri-services:net> set physical=vnic4 zonecfg:pri-services:net> end zonecfg:pri-services> exit
Note: If it takes considerable amount of time for the console to appear, press the Enter key. When prompted, provide the following information to set up the pri-services zone. Use the F2 key to proceed to the next option. Item
Value
Computer name
pri-services
Networking
Manually
Manual network configuration
vnic4
IP Address
192.168.3.4
DNS
Do not configure DNS
Alternate name service
None
Time zone
Choose appropriately
Time zone locations
Choose appropriately
Root password
oracle1
Username
oracle
User password
oracle1
i. When done, press F2 to allow the pri-services zone to restart. SC profile successfully generated as: etc/svc/profile/sysconfig/sysconfig-20141008043203/sc_profile.xml Exiting System Configuration Tool. Log is available at: /system/volatile/sysconfig/sysconfig.log.11832 Hostname: pri-services pri-services console login: The pri-services zone has been successfully configured. j.
Log in to the pri-services zone as user oracle. pri-services console login: oracle Password: oracle1 Oracle Corporation SunOS 5.11 oracle@pri-services:~$
k.
11.2
June 2014
Switch to the root role by using the su command. oracle@pri-services:~$ su Password: oracle1 root@pri-services:~#
l.
Verify that the network is configured on the pri-services zone. Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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[Connected to zone 'pri-services' console] 134/134
show-addr STATE ok ok ok disabled
ADDR 127.0.0.1/8 192.168.3.4/24 ::1/128 ::
m. Ping the zgateway1 (192.168.10.22) zone. root@pri-services:~# ping 192.168.10.22 ^C root@pri-services:~# Observation: The pri-services zone has been successfully created. However, at this point, pri-services (192.168.3.4) is not be able to reach zgateway1 (192.168.10.22) because both these zones are on different subnets. You will see how they will eventually communicate in the next task. Task 5/6 5. Reconfigure the zgateway1 zone for a different subnet. For pri-services to be able to communicate with the external network, it has to go through zgateway1, which is currently on the 192.168.10.x network. zgateway1 needs to be additionally assigned to the 192.168.3.x network for zgateway1 and priservices to be able to communicate with each other. You will now plumb vnic2 (created over stub1) on zgateway1 and assign it the 192.168.3.2 IP address. Host: Oracle Solaris 10 s11-client 192.168.0.111
pri-services
s11-host01
s11-host02
192.168.0.112
192.168.0.113
192.168.3.4
stub01 zgateway1 zclient
192.168.10.22 192.168.3.2
192.168.10.11
IPS Repository
s11-server 192.168.0.100
Virtual Box
a. b.
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Switch to the zgateway1 terminal. Shut down the zgateway1 zone before modifying the configuration. root@s11-zgateway1:~# shutdown –y –g0 -i5 Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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root@pri-services:~# ipadm ADDROBJ TYPE lo0/v4 static vnic4/v4 static lo0/v6 static vnic4/v6 addrconf
Assign vnic2 to zgateway1 by using the zonecfg command. root@s11-host01:~# zonecfg -z zgateway1 zonecfg:zgateway1> add net zonecfg:zgateway1:net> set physical=vnic2 zonecfg:zgateway1:net> end zonecfg:zgateway1> exit
d.
Boot zgateway1 for changes to take effect. root@s11-host01:~# zoneadm -z zgateway1 boot
e.
Log in to the zgateway1 zone. root@s11-host01:~# zlogin zgateway1 [Connected to zone 'zgateway1' pts/4] Oracle Corporation SunOS 5.11 11.2 June 2014 root@zgateway1:~#
f.
Display the IP addresses configured on zgateway1. root@zgateway1:~# ipadm show-addr ADDROBJ TYPE STATE lo0/v4 static ok net1/v4 static ok lo0/v6 static ok net1/v6 addrconf ok fe80::a00:27ff:feb3:5828/10
g.
Display link details. root@zgateway1:~# dladm show-link LINK CLASS MTU net1 phys 1500 net2 phys 1500 vnic2 vnic 9000
h.
ADDR 127.0.0.1/8 192.168.10.22/24 ::1/128
STATE up unknown up
OVER --?
Plumb vnic2 on the zgateway1 zone. root@zgateway1:~# ipadm create-ip vnic2
i.
Assign the 192.168.3.2 IP address to vnic2 and display the address details. root@zgateway1:~# ipadm create-addr -T static -a 192.168.3.2 vnic2 vnic2/v4 root@zgateway1:~# ipadm show-addr ADDROBJ TYPE STATE ADDR lo0/v4 static ok 127.0.0.1/8 net1/v4 static ok 192.168.10.22/24 vnic2/v4 static ok 192.168.3.2/24 lo0/v6 static ok ::1/128 net1/v6 addrconf ok fe80::a00:27ff:feb3:5828/10 Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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c.
Check if zgateway1 is now able to reach the pri-services zone. root@zgateway1:~# ping 192.168.3.4 192.168.3.4 is alive
k.
Check if zgateway1 is able to reach the zclient zone. root@zgateway1:~# ping 192.168.10.11 192.168.10.11 is alive
l. Switch to the pri-services terminal, and verify if the pri-services zone is able to reach the zgateway1 zone.
root@pri-services:~# ping 192.168.3.2 192.168.3.2 is alive m. Check if the pri-services zone is able to reach the zclient zone. root@pri-services:~# ping 192.168.10.11 ping: sendto No route to host Although pri-services is able to reach zgateway1 through the 192.168.3.x network, it cannot get to zclient, which is on the 192.168.10.x network. n.
Switch back to the zgateway1 terminal, and check the IP forwarding property of the zgateway1 zone. root@zgateway1:~# ipadm show-prop -p forwarding ipv4 PROTO PROPERTY PERM CURRENT PERSISTENT DEFAULT POSSIBLE ipv4 forwarding rw off -off on,off The IP forwarding property is switched off.
o.
Enable zgateway1 to function as a router by turning on its IP forwarding property. root@zgateway1:~# ipadm set-prop -p forwarding=on ipv4 root@zgateway1:~# ipadm show-prop -p forwarding ipv4 PROTO PROPERTY PERM CURRENT PERSISTENT DEFAULT POSSIBLE ipv4 forwarding rw on on off on,off
p.
Switch to the pri-services terminal and check if the pri-services zone is now able to reach both the zgateway1 and zclient zones over the 192.168.10.x network. root@pri-services:~# ping 192.168.10.22 192.168.10.22 is alive root@pri-services:~# ping 192.168.10.11 192.168.10.11 is alive
q.
Now, switch to the zclient terminal, and check if the zclient zone is able to reach zgateway1 and pri-services through both the 192.168.10.x and 192.168.3.x networks. root@zclient:~# ping 192.168.10.22 192.168.10.22 is alive root@zclient:~# ping 192.168.3.2 192.168.3.2 is alive Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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j.
Observation: You have successfully established a communication channel from the zclient zone all the way to the pri-services zone through the zgateway1 zone. You first plumbed a VNIC from an etherstub to the zgateway1 zone and assigned it a 192.168.3.2 IP address. Secondly, by enabling the IP forwarding property, you transformed the zgateway1 zone to also act as a router and allow communication across subnets. Task 6/6 6. Configure the ws1 zone. The ws1 zone will be used in a subsequent lab to configure the Apache web server. For now, you will configure the zone over the private virtual network (vnic6) and ensure that it is able to communicate with other zones within the host and with the zclient zone on the s11-client system. Host: Oracle Solaris 10 s11-client 192.168.0.111
pri-services 192.168.3.4
s11-host01
s11-host02
192.168.0.112
192.168.0.113
ws1 192.168.3.6
stub01 zgateway1 zclient
192.168.10.22 192.168.3.2
192.168.10.11
IPS Repository
s11-server 192.168.0.100
Virtual Box
a. b.
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
From the s11-client desktop, open another terminal window and set the title of the window as ws1. Establish a secure remote connection with the s11-host01 VM by using ssh. oracle@s11-client:~$ ssh oracle@s11-host01 Password: oracle1 Last login: Wed Oct 8 07:54:59 2014 from 192.168.0.111 Oracle Corporation SunOS 5.11 11.2 June 2014
c.
Switch to the root role by using the su command. oracle@s11-host01:~$ su Password: oracle1 Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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root@zclient:~# ping 192.168.3.4 192.168.3.4 is alive
d.
Display zone information by using the zoneadm command. root@s11-host01:~# zoneadm list -cv ID NAME STATUS PATH 0 global running / 5 pri-services running /zones/pri-services 6 zgateway1 running /zones/zgateway1 - zimage installed /zones/zimage
e.
BRAND solaris solaris solaris solaris
IP shared excl excl excl
Configure the ws1 zone by using the zonecfg command. root@s11-host01:~# zonecfg -z ws1 Use 'create' to begin configuring a new zone. zonecfg:ws1> create create: Using system default template 'SYSdefault' zonecfg:ws1> set zonepath=/zones/ws1 zonecfg:ws1> add net zonecfg:ws1:net> set physical=vnic6 zonecfg:ws1:net> end zonecfg:ws1> exit
f.
Remove the net0 interface from the zone configuration. root@s11-host01:~# zonecfg -z ws1 ‘remove anet linkname=net0’
g.
Start the ws1 zone by cloning with the zimage zone. root@s11-host01:~# zoneadm -z ws1 clone zimage The following ZFS file system(s) have been created: rpool/zones/ws1 Progress being logged to /var/log/zones/zoneadm.20141009T010407Z.ws1.clone Log saved in non-global zone as /system/zones/ws1/root/var/log/zones/zoneadm.20141009T010407Z.ws 1.clone root@s11-host01:~#
h.
Boot the ws1 zone. root@s11-host01:~# zoneadm -z ws1 boot root@s11-host01:~# zoneadm list -cv ID NAME STATUS PATH 0 global running / 5 pri-services running /zones/pri-services 6 zgateway1 running /zones/zgateway1 8 ws1 running /zones/ws1 - zimage installed /zones/zimage
i.
BRAND solaris solaris solaris solaris solaris
Log in to the ws1 zone console by using the zlogin –C command. root@s11-host01:~# zlogin -C ws1 [Connected to zone 'ws1' console] Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Practices for Lesson 3: Configuring a Virtual Network Chapter 3 - Page 24
IP shared excl excl excl excl
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root@s11-host01:~#
Note: If it takes considerable amount of time for the console to appear, press Enter. When prompted, provide the following information to set up the ws1 zone. Item
Value
Computer name
ws1
Networking
Manually
Manual network configuration
vnic6
IP Address
192.168.3.6
DNS
Do not configure DNS
Alternate name service
None
Time zone
Choose appropriately
Time zone locations
Choose appropriately
Root password
oracle1
Username
oracle
User password
oracle1
j. When done, press F2 to allow the ws1 zone to restart. SC profile successfully generated as: etc/svc/profile/sysconfig/sysconfig-20141009010413/sc_profile.xml Exiting System Configuration Tool. Log is available at: /system/volatile/sysconfig/sysconfig.log.25944 Hostname: ws1 ws1 console login: k. Log in to the ws1 zone as user oracle.
ws1 console login: oracle Password: oracle1 Oracle Corporation SunOS 5.11 l.
11.2
June 2014
Switch to the root role by using the su command. oracle@ws1:~$ su Password: oracle1 root@ws1:~#
m. Verify that the network is configured on the ws1 zone. root@ws1:~# ipadm show-addr ADDROBJ TYPE STATE lo0/v4 static ok vnic6/v4 static ok lo0/v6 static ok
ADDR 127.0.0.1/8 192.168.3.6/24 ::1/128
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134/134
n.
Verify that the ws1 zone is able to communicate with the pri-services, zgateway1, and zclient zones. root@ws1:~# ping 192.168.3.4 192.168.3.4 is alive root@ws1:~# ping 192.168.3.2 192.168.3.2 is alive root@ws1:~# ping 192.168.10.22 192.168.10.22 is alive root@ws1:~# ping 192.168.10.11 192.168.10.11 is alive
o.
Switch to the zgateway1 terminal, and verify that the zgateway1 zone is able to communicate with ws1. root@zgateway1:~# ping 192.168.3.6 192.168.3.6 is alive
p.
Switch to the zclient terminal on the s11-client system and verify that the zclient zone is able to communicate with the ws1 zone. root@zclient:~# ping 192.168.3.6 192.168.3.6 is alive
Observation: You have successfully configured the ws1 zone on a private virtual network. The ws1 zone is able to communicate with other zones in the s11-host01 system and with the zclient zone on the s11-client system. This is because zgateway1 was already reconfigured on the 192.168.3.x network, and additionally enabled as a router.
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vnic6/v6 addrconf ok fe80::8:20ff:fe30:945d/10
Overview Just the way you created nonglobal zones in the s11-host01 system, you will now create a similar setup on the s11-host02 system. You will be able to appreciate the usefulness of a redundant system in the next lab on High Availability (HA). For now, you just create the setup and ensure that all the zones (zgateway2, sec-services, and ws2) are on the network and are able to communicate with each other within the host and across hosts. To expedite the process, you will this time configure all these resources by just running a script. However, just as you did in the s11-host01 system, you will start by creating a zone called zimage with the most basic configuration to be used as a clone for configuring other zones in the host. Tasks In this practice, you will perform the following tasks: 1. Create the zimage zone for cloning. 2.
Run the zcreate.sh script to create resources on s11-host02.
3. Reconfigure the zgateway2 zone for a different subnet. Task 1/3 1. Create the zimage zone for cloning. a. From the s11-client desktop, open another terminal window and set the title of the window as zimage. b. Establish a secure remote connection with the s11-host02 VM by using ssh. oracle@s11-client:~$ ssh oracle@s11-host02 Password: oracle1 Last login: Wed Oct 8 07:54:59 2014 from 192.168.0.111 Oracle Corporation SunOS 5.11 11.2 June 2014 c.
Switch to the root role by using the su command. oracle@s11-host02:~$ su Password: oracle1 root@s11-host02:~#
d.
Display zone information by using the zoneadm command. root@s11-host02:~# zoneadm list -cv ID NAME STATUS PATH 0 global running /
e.
BRAND solaris
Configure the zimage zone by using the zonecfg command. root@s11-host02:~# zonecfg -z zimage Use 'create' to begin configuring a new zone. zonecfg:zimage> create create: Using system default template 'SYSdefault' zonecfg:zimage> set zonepath=/zones/zimage Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Practices for Lesson 3: Configuring a Virtual Network Chapter 3 - Page 27
IP shared
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Practice 3-3: Configure Virtual Network for Nonglobal Zones on s11host02
f.
Install the zimage zone. root@s11-host02:~# zoneadm –z zimage install The following ZFS file system(s) have been created: rpool/zones rpool/zones/zimage Progress being logged to /var/log/zones/zoneadm.20141008T025933Z.zimage.install Image: Preparing at /zones/zimage/root. Install Log: AI Manifest: SC Profile: Zonename: Installation:
/system/volatile/install.2577/install_log /tmp/manifest.xml.Z4aOaf /usr/share/auto_install/sc_profiles/enable_sci.xml zimage Starting ...
Creating IPS image Startup linked: 1/1 done Installing packages from: solaris origin: http://s11-server.mydomain.com/ DOWNLOAD PKGS FILES XFER (MB) SPEED Completed 282/282 53274/53274 351.9/351.9 739k/s PHASE Installing new actions Updating package state database Updating package cache Updating image state Creating fast lookup database Updating package cache Installation: Succeeded
ITEMS 71043/71043 Done 0/0 Done Done 1/1
Note: Man pages can be obtained by installing pkg:/system/manual done. Done: Installation completed in 638.096 seconds.
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zonecfg:zimage> exit
to complete the configuration process. Log saved in non-global zone as /zones/zimage/root/var/log/zones/zoneadm.20141008T025933Z.zimage .install root@s11-host01:~# The installation may take a few minutes depending on the network speed. g.
Display zone information by using the zoneadm command. root@s11-host02:~# zoneadm list -cv ID NAME STATUS PATH 0 global running / zimage installed /zones/zimage
BRAND solaris solaris
IP shared excl
Observation: The zimage zone has been successfully installed and will be used by the script to install the various zones. Task 2/3 2. Run the zcreate.sh script to create resources on s11-host02. The zcreate.sh script is meant to create the zgateway2, sec-services, and ws2 zones, along with the stub2 etherstub and vnic3, vnic5, and vnic7 VNICs in the s11host02 system. Host: Oracle Solaris 10 s11-client 192.168.0.111
s11-host01
pri-services
192.168.0.112
192.168.3.4
sec-services 192.168.3.5
ws1
192.168.0.113
ws2 192.168.3.7
192.168.3.6
stub01
zclient
s11-host02
stub02
zgateway1
zgateway2
192.168.10.22 192.168.3.2
192.168.3.3
192.168.10.11
IPS Repository
s11-server 192.168.0.100
Virtual Box
a.
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Reset the zimage terminal title to s11-host02. Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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Next Steps: Boot the zone, then log into the zone console (zlogin -C)
Run the zcreate.sh script from the /opt/ora/script folder. root@s11-host02:~# /opt/ora/script/zcreate.sh Watch the messages as each of the resource is being configured.
c.
Verify that the zones were successfully created and installed. root@s11-host02:~# zoneadm list -cv ID NAME STATUS PATH 0 global running / 4 zgateway2 running /zones/zgateway2 5 sec-services running /zones/sec-services 6 ws2 running /zones/ws2 zimage installed /zones/zimage
BRAND solaris solaris solaris solaris solaris
IP shared excl excl excl excl
The zones have indeed been successfully configured. d.
Remove the net0 interface from the zone configurations. root@s11-host02:~# zonecfg -z zgateway2 ‘remove anet linkname=net0’ root@s11-host02:~# zonecfg -z sec-services ‘remove anet linkname=net0’ root@s11-host02:~# zonecfg -z ws2 ‘remove anet linkname=net0’
Observation: The zgateway2, sec-services, and ws2 zones have been successfully configured. Optionally, you can log in into each of these zones and verify if the zones are able to communicate with each other within the host. They certainly will be able to, because they are all on the 192.168.3.x network. However, they cannot communicate with the external network (192.168.10.x) yet. Task 3/3 3. Reconfigure the zgateway2 zone for a different subnet. You will now reconfigure the zgateway2 zone by plumbing it with the net1 interface and assigning it the 192.168.10.33 IP address to extend communication across subnets. This will allow the zones on the private virtual network to communicate with the external network through zgateway2.
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b.
s11-client 192.168.0.111
s11-host01
pri-services
sec-services
192.168.0.112
192.168.3.4
192.168.3.5
ws1
192.168.0.113
ws2 192.168.3.7
192.168.3.6
stub01
zclient
s11-host02
stub02
zgateway1
zgateway2
192.168.10.22 192.168.3.2
192.168.3.3 192.168.10.33
192.168.10.11
IPS Repository
s11-server 192.168.0.100
Virtual Box
a. b.
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Rename the terminal from s11-host02 to zgateway2 now. Log in to the zgateway2 zone. root@s11-host02:~# zlogin zgateway2
c.
d.
Display IP address details. root@zgateway2:~# ipadm show-addr ADDROBJ TYPE STATE lo0/v4 static ok vnic3/v4 static ok lo0/v6 static ok
ADDR 127.0.0.1/8 192.168.3.3/24 ::1/128
Check whether you can ping the zclient zone on the s11-client system. root@zgateway2:~# ping 192.168.10.11 ping: sendto No route to host This is because the zgateway2 zone is not on the 192.168.10.x subnet yet.
e.
Shut down the zgateway2 zone. root@zgateway2:~# shutdown –y –g0 –i5
f.
Assign the net1 and net2 interfaces to the zgateway2 zone from the global zone. root@s11-host02:~# zonecfg -z zgateway2 zonecfg:zgateway2> add net zonecfg:zgateway2:net> set physical=net1 zonecfg:zgateway2:net> end zonecfg:zgateway2> add net zonecfg:zgateway2:net> set physical=net2 zonecfg:zgateway2:net> end Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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Host: Oracle Solaris 10
Although you will use the net1 interface to plumb on zgateway2 right away, you will use the net2 interface later in a subsequent lab to configure IPMP. g.
Boot the zone. root@s11-host02:~# zoneadm -z zgateway2 boot
h.
Log in to the zone. root@s11-host02:~# zlogin zgateway2
i.
j.
Display link details. root@zgateway2:~# dladm show-link LINK CLASS MTU net1 phys 1500 net2 phys 1500 vnic3 vnic 9000
STATE unknown unknown up
OVER --?
Plumb the net1 interface. root@zgateway2:~# ipadm create-ip net1
k.
Assign the 192.168.10.33 IP address to net1. root@zgateway2:~# ipadm create-addr -T static -a 192.168.10.33 net1 net1/v4
l.
Display IP address details. root@zgateway2:~# ipadm show-addr ADDROBJ TYPE STATE lo0/v4 static ok vnic3/v4 static ok net1/v4 static ok lo0/v6 static ok
ADDR 127.0.0.1/8 192.168.3.3/24 192.168.10.33/24 ::1/128
m. Now, enable IP forwarding on the zgateway2 zone to allow data routing across subnets. root@zgateway2:~# ipadm set-prop -p forwarding=on ipv4 Observation: You have successfully created a basic virtual network infrastructure spanning three hosts. In the next part of this lab, you can take the setup to the next level of virtualization by isolating zones across hosts with the VXLAN and EVS technologies.
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zonecfg:zgateway2> exit
Overview EVS enables you to create and administer a virtual switch spanning multiple nodes. In Murraya’s prototype, you need to isolate the application zones (zapp1 and zapp2) across hosts, s11-host01 and s11-host02. Secondly, these application zones need to communicate with another set of isolated zones (zclient, zgateway1, and zgateway2 across three different hosts) that provide connectivity with the external network. In this practice, you will perform the following tasks: 1. Configure the EVS controller on s11-server. 2. Configure EVS controller properties. 3. Create the appSwitch EVS on the EVS controller. 4. Create the gateSwitch EVS on the EVS controller. Task 1/4 1. Configure the EVS controller on s11-server. An EVS controller provides functionality for the configuration and administration of an EVS and all the resources associated with it. You must set up only one physical machine as the EVS controller in a network. In this setup, you will configure the s11-server system as the EVS controller. Host: Oracle Solaris 10 s11-client 192.168.0.111
s11-host01
pri-services
192.168.0.112
192.168.3.4
sec-services 192.168.3.5
ws1
192.168.0.113
ws2 192.168.3.7
192.168.3.6
stub01
zclient
s11-host02
stub02
zgateway1
zgateway2
192.168.10.22 192.168.3.2
192.168.3.3 192.168.10.33
192.168.10.11
IPS Repository EVS Controller EVS Manager
Virtual Box
a.
s11-server 192.168.0.100
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Switch to the s11-server terminal and verify that the IPS repository is accessible. root@s11-server:~# pkg publisher PUBLISHER TYPE STATUS P LOCATION solaris origin online F http://s11-server.mydomain.com/
b.
Install the mandatory evs package. This package must be installed on all hosts that participate in an EVS setup. Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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Practice 3-4: Configure the EVS Controller
PKGS
FILES
1/1
15/15
PHASE Installing new actions Updating package state database Updating package cache Updating image state Creating fast lookup database Updating package cache root@s11-server:~# c.
Install the rad-ev-controller package. This package needs to be installed on the EVS controller only. root@s11-server:~# pkg install rad-evs-controller Packages to install: 1 Services to change: 1 Create boot environment: No Create backup boot environment: No DOWNLOAD PKGS FILES XFER (MB) SPEED Completed 1/1 7/7 0.1/0.1 192k/s PHASE Installing new actions Updating package state database Updating package cache Updating image state Creating fast lookup database Updating package cache root@s11-server:~#
d.
ITEMS 40/40 Done 0/0 Done Done 1/1
Restart the rad:local service to load the EVS controller. root@s11-server:~# svcadm restart rad:local root@s11-server:~# svcs rad:local STATE STIME FMRI online 10:49:58 svc:/system/rad:local Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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ITEMS 32/32 Done 0/0 Done Done 1/1
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root@s11-server:~# pkg install evs Packages to install: 1 Services to change: 1 Create boot environment: No Create backup boot environment: No DOWNLOAD XFER (MB) SPEED Completed 0.1/0.1 76.4k/s
root@s11-server:~# ssh-keygen -t rsa Generating public/private rsa key pair. Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): Created directory '/root/.ssh'. Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa. Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. The key fingerprint is: 0b:b2:0f:f9:68:be:09:dd:ee:37:72:0a:73:33:2d:d2 root@s11-server root@s11-server:~# ls /root/.ssh id_rsa id_rsa.pub f.
Copy the id_rsa.pub file from the local system directory root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub to the system directory, /var/user/evsuser/.ssh/authorized_keys. root@s11-server:~# cat /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> /var/user/evsuser/.ssh/authorized_keys
g.
Set the controller property to use the user, evsuser. root@s11-server:~# evsadm set-prop -p controller=ssh://evsuser@localhost The user, evsuser is created when the mandatory service/network/evs package is installed. evsuser has all the authorizations and privileges to perform EVS operations.
h.
Display the configured EVS controller details. root@s11-server:~# evsadm show-prop PROPERTY PERM VALUE controller rw ssh://evsuser@localhost
i.
DEFAULT --
Log in to the system as evsuser from the local system. root@s11-server:~# ssh evsuser@localhost The authenticity of host 'localhost (::1)' can't be established. RSA key fingerprint is f2:fe:20:51:b8:f8:27:2a:f2:30:bc:fb:e0:67:87:6d. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added 'localhost' (RSA) to the list of known hosts. Last login: Thu Oct 9 11:07:57 2014 from localhost Oracle Corporation SunOS 5.11 11.2 June 2014 evsuser@s11-server:~$ exit Connection to localhost closed.
Observation: The EVS controller has been successfully configured on the s11-server system. Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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e. Generate an RSA key pair in the local system to set up SSH authentication.
b.
Set the l2-type property to vxlan. root@s11-server:~# evsadm set-controlprop -p l2-type=vxlan root@s11-server:~# evsadm show-controlprop PROPERTY PERM VALUE DEFAULT HOST l2-type rw vxlan vlan -uplink-port rw ---vlan-range rw ---vlan-range-avail r---vxlan-addr rw 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 -vxlan-ipvers rw v4 v4 -vxlan-mgroup rw 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 -vxlan-range rw ---vxlan-range-avail r----
c.
Set the IP address for the VXLAN. root@s11-server:~# evsadm set-controlprop -p vxlanaddr=192.168.0.0/24 root@s11-server:~# evsadm show-controlprop PROPERTY PERM VALUE DEFAULT l2-type rw vxlan vlan uplink-port rw --vlan-range rw --vlan-range-avail r--vxlan-addr rw 192.168.0.0/24 0.0.0.0 vxlan-ipvers rw v4 v4 vxlan-mgroup rw 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Practices for Lesson 3: Configuring a Virtual Network Chapter 3 - Page 36
HOST --------
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Task 2/4 2. Configure EVS controller properties. Because the plan is to use VXLAN as the EVS backbone, you need to set the properties on the EVS controller accordingly. a. Display the properties of the EVS controller. root@s11-server:~# evsadm show-controlprop PROPERTY PERM VALUE DEFAULT HOST l2-type rw vlan vlan -uplink-port rw ---vlan-range rw ---vlan-range-avail r---vxlan-addr rw 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 -vxlan-ipvers rw v4 v4 -vxlan-mgroup rw 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 -vxlan-range rw ---vxlan-range-avail r----
d.
rw r-
---
---
---
Set the VXLAN range. root@s11-server:~# evsadm set-controlprop -p vxlan-range=200-300 root@s11-server:~# evsadm show-controlprop PROPERTY PERM VALUE DEFAULT HOST l2-type rw vxlan vlan -uplink-port rw ---vlan-range rw ---vlan-range-avail r---vxlan-addr rw 192.168.0.0/24 0.0.0.0 -vxlan-ipvers rw v4 v4 -vxlan-mgroup rw 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 -vxlan-range rw 200-300 --vxlan-range-avail r200-300 ---
Observation: You have successfully configured the EVS controller properties. The EVS controller is now set for use over VXLAN. Task 3/4 3. Create the appSwitch EVS on the EVS controller. The appSwitch EVS needs to be over the 192.168.2.x subnet. It will eventually host the zapp1 and zapp2 zones over it. Host: Oracle Solaris 10 s11-client 192.168.0.111
s11-host01
pri-services
192.168.0.112
192.168.3.4
sec-services 192.168.3.5
ws1
192.168.0.113
ws2 192.168.3.7
192.168.3.6
stub01
zclient
s11-host02
stub02
zgateway1
zgateway2
192.168.10.22 192.168.3.2
192.168.3.3
192.168.10.11
appSwitch (192.168.2.x)
IPS Repository EVS Controller EVS Manager
Virtual Box
a.
s11-server 192.168.0.100
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Create the appSwitch EVS. root@s11-server:~# evsadm create-evs appSwitch root@s11-server:~# evsadm show-evs EVS TENANT STATUS NVPORTS IPNETS Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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HOST
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vxlan-range vxlan-range-avail
b.
sys-global
idle
0
--
--
Add subnet details to appSwitch. root@s11-server:~# evsadm add-ipnet -p subnet=192.168.2.0/24 appSwitch/app_ipnet root@s11-server:~# evsadm show-ipnet NAME TENANT SUBNET DEFROUTER AVAILRANGE appSwitch/app_ipnet sys-global 192.168.2.0/24 192.168.2.1 192.168.2.6-192.168.2.254
c.
Add four vports to appSwitch for later use. root@s11-server:~# root@s11-server:~# root@s11-server:~# root@s11-server:~# root@s11-server:~# NAME appSwitch/vport0 appSwitch/vport1 appSwitch/vport2 appSwitch/vport3
evsadm add-vport appSwitch/vport0 evsadm add-vport appSwitch/vport1 evsadm add-vport appSwitch/vport2 evsadm add-vport appSwitch/vport3 evsadm show-vport TENANT STATUS VNIC sys-global free -sys-global free -sys-global free -sys-global free --
HOST -----
Observation: Of the four vports configured over appSwitch, two will be used by the zapp1 and zapp1 zones and two by the zgateway1 and zgateway2 zones.
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appSwitch
Host: Oracle Solaris 10 s11-client 192.168.0.111
s11-host01
pri-services
192.168.0.112
192.168.3.4
sec-services 192.168.3.5
ws1
192.168.0.113
ws2 192.168.3.7
192.168.3.6
stub01
zclient
s11-host02
stub02
zgateway1
zgateway2
192.168.10.22 192.168.3.2
192.168.3.3
192.168.10.11
appSwitch (192.168.2.x) gateSwitch(192.168.1.x)
IPS Repository EVS Controller EVS Manager
Virtual Box
a.
s11-server 192.168.0.100
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
In the s11-server terminal, create the gateSwitch EVS. root@s11-server:~# evsadm create-evs gateSwitch root@s11-server:~# evsadm show-evs EVS TENANT STATUS NVPORTS IPNETS appSwitch sys-global idle 4 app_ipnet gateSwitch sys-global idle 0 --
b.
HOST ---
Add subnet details to the gateSwitch EVS. root@s11-server:~# evsadm add-ipnet -p subnet=192.168.1.0/24 gateSwitch/gate_ipnet root@s11-server:~# evsadm show-ipnet NAME TENANT SUBNET DEFROUTER AVAILRANGE appSwitch/app_ipnet sys-global 192.168.2.0/24 192.168.2.1 192.168.2.6-192.168.2.254 gateSwitch/gate_ipnet sys-global 192.168.1.0/24 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.2-192.168.1.254
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Task 4/4 4. Create the gateSwitch EVS on the EVS controller. The gateSwitch EVS is the second EVS switch that will isolate the zgateway1, zgateway2, and zclient zones across three different hosts. These zones are the main channels of communication with the external network. The gateSwitch EVS needs to be over the 192.168.1.x subnet.
Add four vports to the gateSwitch EVS. root@s11-server:~# root@s11-server:~# root@s11-server:~# root@s11-server:~# root@s11-server:~# NAME appSwitch/vport0 appSwitch/vport1 appSwitch/vport2 appSwitch/vport3 gateSwitch/vport0 gateSwitch/vport1 gateSwitch/vport2 gateSwitch/vport3
evsadm add-vport gateSwitch/vport0 evsadm add-vport gateSwitch/vport1 evsadm add-vport gateSwitch/vport2 evsadm add-vport gateSwitch/vport3 evsadm show-vport TENANT STATUS VNIC HOST sys-global used --sys-global free --sys-global free --sys-global free --sys-global free --sys-global free --sys-global free --sys-global free ---
Observation: You have successfully created the gateSwitch EVS. Of the four vports created, only three will be used: one each by the zgateway1, zgateway2, and the zclient zones.
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c.
Overview The EVS controller, along with the appSwitch and gateSwicth EVSs, has been configured. You now need to isolate nodes over these EVSs. The zapp1 and zapp2 zones will go over the appSwitch EVS, whereas the zgateway1, zgateway2, and zclient zones will go over the gateSwitch EVS. You will be exposed to specific requirements of isolating the zones under each task, as you perform them. In this practice, you will perform the following tasks: 1. Configure the zapp1 zone over the appSwitch EVS. 2. Configure the zapp2 zone over the appSwitch EVS. 3.
Assign the gateSwitch EVS to the zclient zone.
4. Assign the gateSwitch EVS to the zgateway1 and zgateway2 zones. 5. Assign the appSwitch EVS to the zgateway1 and zgateway2 zones. Task 1/5 1. Configure the zapp1 zone over the appSwitch EVS. There are two parts to this setup. First, every host that participates in an EVS setup needs to be authenticated by the system configured as the EVS controller. After that is done, the zones that are to be consolidated over the EVS switch need to be either configured or reconfigured to become part of the EVS network. Host: Oracle Solaris 10 s11-client 192.168.0.111
s11-host01
pri-services
sec-services
192.168.0.112
192.168.3.4
192.168.3.5
ws1
stub01
ws2
stub02 zapp1
zgateway1
192.168.0.113 192.168.3.7
192.168.3.6
zclient
s11-host02
192.168.2.2
zgateway2
192.168.10.22 192.168.3.2
192.168.3.3
192.168.10.11
appSwitch (192.168.2.x) gateSwitch(192.168.1.x)
IPS Repository EVS Controller EVS Manager
Virtual Box
a. b.
s11-server 192.168.0.100
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
From the s11-client desktop, open a terminal window and set the title of the window as zapp1. Establish a secure remote connection with the s11-host01 VM by using ssh. oracle@s11-client:~$ ssh oracle@s11-host01 Password: oracle1 Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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Practice 3-5: Configure EVS Client Nodes
c.
8 07:54:59 2014 from 192.168.0.111 SunOS 5.11 11.2 June 2014
Switch to the root role by using the su command. oracle@s11-host01:~$ su Password: oracle1 root@s11-host01:~#
d.
Install the mandatory evs package on the host system. root@s11-host01:~# pkg install evs Packages to install: 1 Services to change: 1 Create boot environment: No Create backup boot environment: No Planning linked: 0/4 done; 1 working: Planning linked: 1/4 done; 1 working: Planning linked: 2/4 done; 1 working: Planning linked: 3/4 done; 1 working: Planning linked: 4/4 done DOWNLOAD XFER (MB) SPEED Completed 0.1/0.1 212k/s
zone:ws1 zone:zimage zone:pri-services zone:zgateway1 PKGS
FILES
1/1
15/15
Downloading linked: 0/4 done; 1 working: zone:ws1 Downloading linked: 1/4 done; 1 working: zone:zimage Downloading linked: 2/4 done; 1 working: zone:pri-services Downloading linked: 3/4 done; 1 working: zone:zgateway1 Downloading linked: 4/4 done PHASE ITEMS Installing new actions 40/40 Updating package state database Done Updating package cache 0/0 Updating image state Done Creating fast lookup database Done Executing linked: 0/4 done; 1 working: zone:ws1 Executing linked: 1/4 done; 1 working: zone:zimage Executing linked: 2/4 done; 1 working: zone:pri-services Executing linked: 3/4 done; 1 working: zone:zgateway1 Executing linked: 4/4 done Updating package cache 1/1 e.
Generate an RSA key pair in the local system to set up SSH authentication. root@s11-host01:~# ssh-keygen -t rsa Generating public/private rsa key pair. Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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Last login: Wed Oct Oracle Corporation
f.
Copy the id_rsa.pub file to the /var/tmp/ local directory. root@s11-host01:~# cat /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> /var/tmp/host01.public
g.
Copy the host01.public file to the /var/tmp folder on the s11-server system. root@s11-host01:~# scp /var/tmp/host01.public oracle@s11server:/var/tmp The authenticity of host 's11-server (192.168.0.100)' can't be established. RSA key fingerprint is f2:fe:20:51:b8:f8:27:2a:f2:30:bc:fb:e0:67:87:6d. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added 's11-server,192.168.0.100' (RSA) to the list of known hosts. Password: oracle1 host01.public 100% |*****************************| 397 00:00
h.
Now, switch to the s11-server terminal and check whether the host01.public file exists. root@s11-server:~# ls /var/tmp/ host01.public
i. Copy the host01.public file from the /var/tmp directory to the system directory, /var/user/evsuser/.ssh/authorized_keys.
root@s11-server:~# cat /var/tmp/host01.public >> /var/user/evsuser/.ssh/authorized_keys The EVS node has now been authenticated by the EVS controller. j. k.
Now, switch back to the zapp1 terminal. Set the controller property to use the user, evsuser. root@s11-host01:~# evsadm set-prop -p controller=ssh://evsuser@s11-server root@s11-host01:~# evsadm show-prop PROPERTY PERM VALUE Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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DEFAULT
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Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): Created directory '/root/.ssh'. Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa. Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. The key fingerprint is: c9:6c:68:07:dd:3a:3b:c9:8e:18:4b:8d:96:fb:78:fc root@s11-host01 root@s11-host01:~# ls /root/.ssh id_rsa id_rsa.pub
l.
rw
ssh://evsuser@s11-server
--
Log in to the remote system as evsuser from the local system. root@s11-host01:~# ssh evsuser@s11-server Last login: Fri Oct 10 04:54:10 2014 Oracle Corporation SunOS 5.11 11.2 evsuser@s11-server:~$ exit
June 2014
m. Display EVS information. root@s11-host01:~# evsadm NAME TENANT STATUS VNIC IP HOST appSwitch sys-global idle -app_ipnet -vport0 -free -192.168.2.2/24 -vport1 -free -192.168.2.3/24 -vport2 -free -192.168.2.4/24 -vport3 -free -192.168.2.5/24 -gateSwitch sys-global idle -gate_ipnet -vport0 -free -192.168.1.2/24 -vport1 -free -192.168.1.3/24 -vport2 -free -192.168.1.4/24 -vport3 -free -192.168.1.5/24 -root@s11-host01:~# evsadm show-evs EVS TENANT STATUS NVPORTS IPNETS HOST appSwitch sys-global idle 4 app_ipnet -gateSwitch sys-global idle 4 gate_ipnet -root@s11-host01:~# evsadm show-controlprop PROPERTY PERM VALUE DEFAULT HOST l2-type rw vxlan vlan -uplink-port rw ---vlan-range rw ---vlan-range-avail r---vxlan-addr rw 192.168.0.0/24 0.0.0.0 -vxlan-ipvers rw v4 v4 -vxlan-mgroup rw 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 -vxlan-range rw 200-300 --vxlan-range-avail r202-300 --Now that the host has been authenticated with the EVS controller system, you can configure the zapp1 zone as an EVS node. n.
Configure the zapp1 zone with the appSwitch EVS on the vport0 port. root@s11-host01:~# zonecfg -z zapp1 Use 'create' to begin configuring a new zone. zonecfg:zapp1> create Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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controller
o.
Remove the net0 interface from the zone configuration. root@s11-host01:~# zonecfg -z zapp1 ‘remove anet linkname=net0’
p.
Install the zapp1 zone by using the zimage clone. root@s11-host01:~# zoneadm -z zapp1 clone zimage The following ZFS file system(s) have been created: rpool/zones/zapp1 Progress being logged to /var/log/zones/zoneadm.20141010T011747Z.zapp1.clone Log saved in non-global zone as /zones/zapp1/root/var/log/zones/zoneadm.20141010T011747Z.zapp1.c lone
q.
Boot the zapp1 zone. root@s11-host01:~# zoneadm -z zapp1 boot
r.
Log in to the zapp1 console. root@s11-host01:~# zlogin -C zapp1 [Connected to zone 'zapp1' console] 134/134 When prompted, provide the following information to set up the zapp1 zone. Item
Value
Computer name
zapp1
Networking
You will see this message: “No configurable interface found. They are all controlled from global zone.” This is because you did not assign any interface to the zone. The zone’s interface is now controlled by the EVS controller. Also note that you will not see pages to configure DNS and LDAP, because there is no network interface at all.
Time zone
Choose appropriately
Time zone locations
Choose appropriately Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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create: Using system default template 'SYSdefault' zonecfg:zapp1> set zonepath=/zones/zapp1 zonecfg:zapp1> add anet zonecfg:zapp1:anet> set evs=appSwitch zonecfg:zapp1:anet> set vport=vport0 zonecfg:zapp1:anet> end zonecfg:zapp1> exit
oracle1
Username
Oracle
User password
oracle1
When done, press F2 to allow the zapp1 zone to boot. SC profile successfully generated as: etc/svc/profile/sysconfig/sysconfig-20141010011752/sc_profile.xml Exiting System Configuration Tool. Log is available at: /system/volatile/sysconfig/sysconfig.log.2420
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s.
Root password
Hostname: zapp1 zapp1 console login: t.
Log in to the zapp1 zone. zapp1 console login: oracle Password: oracle1 Oracle Corporation SunOS 5.11
u.
11.2
June 2014
Assume root role by using su. oracle@zapp1:~$ su password: oracle1 root@zapp1:~#
v.
Verify the IP address of zapp1. root@zapp1:~# ipadm show-addr ADDROBJ TYPE STATE lo0/v4 static ok net1/v4 inherited ok lo0/v6 static ok
ADDR 127.0.0.1/8 192.168.2.2/24 ::1/128
Observe that the 192.168.2.2 IP address for the net1/v4 interface has been inherited from the EVS controller. Note that the net1/v4 nomenclature has nothing to do with the physical net1 interface. The net1/v4 interface here has been created over a vport, vport0. w. Switch to the s11-server terminal and display EVS details. root@s11-server:~# evsadm NAME TENANT appSwitch sys-global host01 vport0 -host01 vport1 -vport2 --
STATUS VNIC busy --
IP app_ipnet
HOST s11-
used
zapp1/net1 192.168.2.2/24
s11-
free free
---
---
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192.168.2.3/24 192.168.2.4/24
free idle
---
192.168.2.5/24 gate_ipnet
--
free free free free
-----
192.168.1.2/24 -192.168.1.3/24 -192.168.1.4/24 -192.168.1.5/24 --
Task 2/5 2. Configure the zapp2 zone over the appSwitch EVS. Because the zapp2 zone is to be configured on the s11-host02 system, you need to once again follow the two-step procedure. First, authenticate the host with the EVS controller and then configure the zone for the EVS setup. Host: Oracle Solaris 10 s11-client 192.168.0.111
s11-host01
pri-services
sec-services
192.168.0.112
192.168.3.4
192.168.3.5
ws1
stub01
ws2
stub02 zapp1
zgateway1
192.168.0.113 192.168.3.7
192.168.3.6
zclient
s11-host02
192.168.2.2
192.168.10.22 192.168.3.2
zgateway2
zapp2
192.168.3.3
192.168.2.3
192.168.10.11
appSwitch (192.168.2.x) gateSwitch(192.168.1.x)
IPS Repository EVS Controller EVS Manager
Virtual Box
a. b.
s11-server 192.168.0.100
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
From the s11-client desktop, open a terminal window and set the title of the window as zapp2. Establish a secure remote connection with the s11-host02 VM by using ssh. oracle@s11-client:~$ ssh oracle@s11-host02 Password: oracle1 Last login: Wed Oct 8 07:54:59 2014 from 192.168.0.111 Oracle Corporation SunOS 5.11 11.2 June 2014
c.
Switch to the root role by using the su command. oracle@s11-host02:~$ su Password: oracle1 root@s11-host02:~#
d.
Install the mandatory evs package on the host system. root@s11-host02:~# pkg install evs Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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vport3 -gateSwitch sys-global -vport0 -vport1 -vport2 -vport3 --
zone:zimage zone:sec-services zone:ws2 zone:zgateway2 PKGS
FILES
1/1
15/15
Downloading linked: 0/4 done; 1 working: zone:zimage Downloading linked: 1/4 done; 1 working: zone:sec-services Downloading linked: 2/4 done; 1 working: zone:ws2 Downloading linked: 3/4 done; 1 working: zone:zgateway2 Downloading linked: 4/4 done PHASE ITEMS Installing new actions 40/40 Updating package state database Done Updating package cache 0/0 Updating image state Done Creating fast lookup database Done Executing linked: 0/4 done; 1 working: zone:zimage Executing linked: 1/4 done; 1 working: zone:sec-services Executing linked: 2/4 done; 1 working: zone:ws2 Executing linked: 3/4 done; 1 working: zone:zgateway2 Executing linked: 4/4 done Updating package cache 1/1 e.
Generate an RSA key pair in the local system to set up SSH authentication. root@s11-host02:~# ssh-keygen -t rsa Generating public/private rsa key pair. Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): Created directory '/root/.ssh'. Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa. Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. The key fingerprint is: 5f:fa:53:8a:25:53:4e:bf:d3:5f:12:5d:06:30:da:61 root@s11-host02 Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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Packages to install: 1 Services to change: 1 Create boot environment: No Create backup boot environment: No Planning linked: 0/4 done; 1 working: Planning linked: 1/4 done; 1 working: Planning linked: 2/4 done; 1 working: Planning linked: 3/4 done; 1 working: Planning linked: 4/4 done DOWNLOAD XFER (MB) SPEED Completed 0.1/0.1 168k/s
f.
Copy the id_rsa.pub file to the /var/tmp/ local directory. root@s11-host02:~# cat /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> /var/tmp/host02.public
g. Copy the host01.public file to the /var/tmp folder on the s11-server system.
root@s11-host02:~# scp /var/tmp/host02.public oracle@s11server:/var/tmp The authenticity of host 's11-server (192.168.0.100)' can't be established. RSA key fingerprint is f2:fe:20:51:b8:f8:27:2a:f2:30:bc:fb:e0:67:87:6d. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added 's11-server,192.168.0.100' (RSA) to the list of known hosts. Password: oracle1 host02.public 100% |*****************************| 397 00:00 h.
Now, switch to the s11-server terminal and check whether the host02.public file exists. root@s11-server:~# ls /var/tmp/ host01.public host02.public
i. Copy the host01.public file from the /var/tmp directory to the system directory, /var/user/evsuser/.ssh/authorized_keys.
root@s11-server:~# cat /var/tmp/host02.public >> /var/user/evsuser/.ssh/authorized_keys j. k.
Now, switch back to the zapp2 terminal. Set the controller property to use the user, evsuser. root@s11-host02:~# evsadm set-prop -p controller=ssh://evsuser@s11-server
l.
Log in to the remote system as evsuser from the local system. root@s11-host02:~# ssh evsuser@s11-server Last login: Fri Oct 10 07:11:50 2014 Oracle Corporation SunOS 5.11 11.2 evsuser@s11-server:~$ exit Connection to s11-server closed.
June 2014
m. Display EVS information. root@s11-host02:~# evsadm show-evs EVS TENANT STATUS NVPORTS IPNETS appSwitch sys-global busy 4 app_ipnet gateSwitch sys-global idle 4 gate_ipnet
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HOST s11-host01 --
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root@s11-host02:~# ls /root/.ssh id_rsa id_rsa.pub
n.
Configure the zapp2 zone with the appSwitch EVS on the vport1 port. root@s11-host02:~# zonecfg -z zapp2 Use 'create' to begin configuring a new zone. zonecfg:zapp2> create create: Using system default template 'SYSdefault' zonecfg:zapp2> set zonepath=/zones/zapp2 zonecfg:zapp2> add anet zonecfg:zapp2:anet> set evs=appSwitch zonecfg:zapp2:anet> set vport=vport1 zonecfg:zapp2:anet> end zonecfg:zapp2> exit
o.
Remove the net0 interface from the zone configuration. root@s11-host02:~# zonecfg -z zapp2 ‘remove anet linkname=net0’
p.
Install the zapp2 zone by cloning with the zimage clone. root@s11-host02:~# zoneadm -z zapp2 clone zimage The following ZFS file system(s) have been created: rpool/zones/zapp2 Progress being logged to /var/log/zones/zoneadm.20141010T011747Z.zapp1.clone Log saved in non-global zone as /zones/zapp2/root/var/log/zones/zoneadm.20141010T011747Z.zapp2.c lone root@s11-host02:~#
q.
Boot the zapp2 zone. root@s11-host02:~# zoneadm -z zapp2 boot
r.
Log in to the zapp2 console. root@s11-host02:~# zlogin -C zapp2 [Connected to zone 'zapp2' console] 134/134 When prompted, provide the following information to set up the zapp2 zone. Item
Value
Computer name
zapp2
Networking
You will see this message: “No configurable interface found. They are all controlled from global zone.” This is because you did not assign any interface to the zone. The zone’s interface is now controlled by the EVS Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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Now that the s11-host02 system has been authenticated by the EVS controller, you can configure the zapp2 zone to connect with the appSwitch EVS.
s.
Time zone
Choose appropriately
Time zone locations
Choose appropriately
Root password
oracle1
Username
oracle
User password
oracle1
When done, press F2 to allow the zone to boot. SC profile successfully generated as: etc/svc/profile/sysconfig/sysconfig-20141010011752/sc_profile.xml Exiting System Configuration Tool. Log is available at: /system/volatile/sysconfig/sysconfig.log.2420 Hostname: zapp2 zapp2 console login:
t.
Log in to the zapp2 zone. zapp2 console login: oracle Password: oracle1 Oracle Corporation SunOS 5.11 oracle@zapp2:~$
u.
11.2
June 2014
Assume the root role by using the su command. oracle@zapp2:~$ su password: oracle1 root@zapp2:~#
v.
Verify the IP address of the zapp2 zone. root@zapp2:~# ipadm show-addr ADDROBJ TYPE STATE lo0/v4 static ok net1/v4 inherited ok lo0/v6 static ok
ADDR 127.0.0.1/8 192.168.2.3/24 ::1/128
Observe that the 192.168.2.3 IP address for the net1/v4 interface has been inherited from the EVS controller. w. Verify if the zapp2 zone is able to communicate with the zapp1 zone across hosts. root@zapp2:~# ping 192.168.2.2 Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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controller. Also note that you will not see pages to configure DNS and LDAP, because there is no network interface at all.
x.
Switch to the s11-server terminal and display EVS details. root@s11-server:~# evsadm NAME TENANT STATUS HOST appSwitch sys-global busy host01,s11-host02 vport0 -used host01 vport1 -used host02 vport2 -free vport3 -free gateSwitch sys-global idle vport0 -free vport1 -free vport2 -free vport3 -free
VNIC
IP
--
app_ipnet
s11-
zapp1/net1
192.168.2.2/24
s11-
zapp2/net1
192.168.2.3/24
s11-
--------
192.168.2.4/24 192.168.2.5/24 gate_ipnet 192.168.1.2/24 192.168.1.3/24 192.168.1.4/24 192.168.1.5/24
--------
Observation: You have successfully isolated the zapp1 and zapp2 zones over the appSwitch EVS. Task 3/5 3. Assign the gateSwitch EVS to the zclient zone. Because the s11-client system has not yet been authenticated by the EVS controller, you need to perform host authentication with s11-server before assigning the gateSwitch EVS to the zclient zone. Host: Oracle Solaris 10 s11-client 192.168.0.111
s11-host01
pri-services
192.168.0.112
192.168.3.4
sec-services 192.168.3.5
ws1
stub01
ws2
stub02 zapp1
zgateway1
192.168.0.113 192.168.3.7
192.168.3.6
zclient
s11-host02
192.168.2.2
192.168.10.22 192.168.3.2
zgateway2
zapp2
192.168.3.3 192.168.10.33
192.168.2.3
192.168.10.11 192.168.1.2
appSwitch (192.168.2.x) gateSwitch(192.168.1.x)
IPS Repository EVS Controller EVS Manager
Virtual Box
s11-server 192.168.0.100
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192.168.2.2 is alive
Switch to the zclient terminal and exit out of the zclient zone. root@zclient:~# shutdown –y –g0 –i5 root@s11-client:~#
b.
Install the mandatory evs package on the s11-client host system. root@s11-client:~# pkg install evs Packages to install: 1 Services to change: 1 Create boot environment: No Create backup boot environment: No Planning linked: 0/1 done; 1 working: zone:zclient Planning linked: 1/1 done DOWNLOAD PKGS XFER (MB) SPEED Completed 1/1 0.1/0.1 212k/s
FILES 15/15
Downloading linked: 0/1 done; 1 working: zone:zclient Downloading linked: 1/1 done PHASE ITEMS Installing new actions 40/40 Updating package state database Done Updating package cache 0/0 Updating image state Done Creating fast lookup database Done Executing linked: 0/1 done; 1 working: zone:zclient Executing linked: 1/1 done Updating package cache 1/1 c.
Generate an RSA key pair in the local system to set up SSH authentication. root@s11-client:~# ssh-keygen -t rsa Generating public/private rsa key pair. Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): Created directory '/root/.ssh'. Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa. Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. The key fingerprint is: c9:6c:68:07:dd:3a:3b:c9:8e:18:4b:8d:96:fb:78:fc root@s11-host01 root@s11-client:~# ls /root/.ssh id_rsa id_rsa.pub
d.
Copy the id_rsa.pub file to the /var/tmp/ local directory. Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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a.
e.
Copy the client01.public file to the /var/tmp folder on the s11-server system. root@s11-client:~# scp /var/tmp/client01.public oracle@s11server:/var/tmp Password: oracle1 client01.public 100% |*****************************| 397 00:00
f.
Now, switch to the s11-server terminal and check whether the client01.public file exists. root@s11-server:~# ls /var/tmp/ clint01.public
g. Copy the client01.public file from the /var/tmp directory to the system directory, /var/user/evsuser/.ssh/authorized_keys.
root@s11-server:~# cat /var/tmp/client01.public >> /var/user/evsuser/.ssh/authorized_keys h. i.
Now, switch back to the zclient terminal. Set the controller property to use the user, evsuser. root@s11-client:~# evsadm set-prop -p controller=ssh://evsuser@s11-server root@s11-client:~# evsadm show-prop PROPERTY PERM VALUE controller rw ssh://evsuser@s11-server
j.
Log in to the remote system as evsuser from the local system. root@s11-client:~# ssh evsuser@s11-server Last login: Fri Oct 10 04:54:10 2014 Oracle Corporation SunOS 5.11 11.2 evsuser@s11-server:~$ exit
k.
DEFAULT --
June 2014
Display EVS information. root@s11-client:~# evsadm NAME TENANT STATUS VNIC appSwitch sys-global busy -host01,s11-host02 vport0 -used s11-host01 vport1 -used s11-host02 vport2 -free -vport3 -free -gateSwitch sys-global idle vport0 -free
IP app_ipnet
HOST s11-
zapp1/net1
192.168.2.2/24
zapp2/net1
192.168.2.3/24
--
192.168.2.4/24
--
192.168.2.5/24
---
gate_ipnet 192.168.1.2/24
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root@s11-client:~# cat /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> /var/tmp/client01.public
Now that the host has been authenticated by the EVS controller, you can configure the zclient zone to connect with the gateSwitch EVS. l.
Assign the zclient zone to the gateSwitch EVS over the port, vport2. root@s11-client:~# zonecfg -z zclient zonecfg:zclient> add anet zonecfg:zclient:anet> set evs=gateSwitch zonecfg:zclient:anet> set vport=vport0 zonecfg:zclient:anet> end zonecfg:zclient> exit
m. Boot the zclient zone. root@s11-client:~# zoneadm -z zclient boot n.
Log in to the zone. root@s11-client:~# zlogin zclient
o.
Display the IP address details. root@zclient:~# ipadm show-addr ADDROBJ TYPE STATE lo0/v4 static ok net0/v4 inherited ok net1/v4 static ok lo0/v6 static ok net1/v6 addrconf ok
ADDR 127.0.0.1/8 192.168.1.2/24 192.168.10.11/24 ::1/128 fe80::a00:27ff:fe8b:9d42/10
Observation: The 192.168.1.2 IP address has been inherited from the gateSwitch EVS. You have successfully attached the zclient zone to the gateSwitch EVS.
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vport1 -free -192.168.1.3/24 -vport2 -free -192.168.1.4/24 -vport3 -free -192.168.1.5/24 -root@s11-client:~# evsadm show-evs EVS TENANT STATUS NVPORTS IPNETS HOST appSwitch sys-global busy 4 app_ipnet s11host01,s11-host02 gateSwitch sys-global idle 4 gate_ipnet --
Host: Oracle Solaris 10 s11-client
s11-host01
pri-services
192.168.0.111
sec-services
192.168.0.112
192.168.3.4
192.168.3.5
ws1
stub01
192.168.10.11 192.168.1.2
ws2
stub02 zapp1 192.168.2.2
192.168.10.22 192.168.3.2 192.168.1.3
zclient
192.168.0.113 192.168.3.7
192.168.3.6
zgateway1
s11-host02
zgateway2
zapp2
192.168.3.3 192.168.10.33 192.168.1.4
192.168.2.3
appSwitch (192.168.2.x) gateSwitch(192.168.1.x)
IPS Repository EVS Controller EVS Manager
Virtual Box
a.
s11-server 192.168.0.100
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Now, switch to the zgateway1 terminal and shut down the zgateway1 zone. root@zgateway1:~# shutdown –y –g0 –i5
b.
Assign the gateSwitch EVS to zgateway1. root@s11-host01:~# zonecfg –z zgateway1 zonecfg:zgateway1> add anet zonecfg:zgateway1:anet> set evs=gateSwitch zonecfg:zgateway1:anet> set vport=vport1 zonecfg:zgateway1:anet> end zonecfg:zgateway1> exit
c.
Boot the zgateway1 zone. root@s11-host01:~# zoneadm -z zgateway1 boot
d.
Log in to the zone. root@s11-host01:~# zlogin zgateway1
e.
Display the IP address details. root@zgateway1:~# ADDROBJ lo0/v4 net0/v4 net1/v4 vnic2/v4 lo0/v6
ipadm show-addr TYPE STATE static ok inherited ok static ok static ok static ok
ADDR 127.0.0.1/8 192.168.1.3/24 192.168.10.22/24 192.168.3.2/24 ::1/128
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Task 4/5 4. Assign the gateSwitch EVS to the zgateway1 and zgateway2 zones.
ok
The 192.168.1.3 IP address has been inherited from the gateSwitch EVS. You have successfully attached the zgateway1 zone to the gateSwitch EVS. f.
Now, switch to the zgateway2 terminal and shut down the zgateway2 zone. root@zgateway2:~# shutdown -y –g0 –i5
g.
Assign the gateSwitch to zgateway2. root@s11-host02:~# zonecfg –z zgateway2 zonecfg:zgateway2> add anet zonecfg:zgateway2:anet> set evs=gateSwitch zonecfg:zgateway2:anet> set vport=vport2 zonecfg:zgateway2:anet> end zonecfg:zgateway2> exit
h.
Boot the zgateway2 zone. root@s11-host02:~# zoneadm -z zgateway2 boot
i.
Log in to the zone. root@s11-host02:~# zlogin zgateway2
j.
Display the IP address details. root@zgateway2:~# ADDROBJ lo0/v4 vnic3/v4 net0/v4 net1/v4 lo0/v6
ipadm show-addr TYPE STATE static ok static ok inherited ok static ok static ok
ADDR 127.0.0.1/8 192.168.3.3/24 192.168.1.4/24 192.168.10.33/24 ::1/128
The 192.168.1.4 IP address has been inherited from the gateSwitch EVS. You have successfully attached the zgateway2 zone to the gateSwitch EVS. k.
Now, ping the zgateway1 zone on 192.168.1.3. root@zgateway2:~# ping 192.168.1.3 192.168.1.3 is alive
l.
Switch to the zgateway1 terminal, and ping the zgateway2 zone on 192.168.1.4. root@zgateway1:~# ping 192.168.1.4 192.168.1.4 is alive
Observation: Both the zgateway1 and zgateway2 zones are able to ping each other over the 192.168.1.x VXLAN network. However, they cannot communicate with the zones on the appSwicth EVS, which is on the 192.168.2.x VXLAN network.
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net1/v6 addrconf fe80::a00:27ff:fe48:25db/10
Host: Oracle Solaris 10 s11-client 192.168.0.111
s11-host01
pri-services
s11-host02
sec-services
192.168.0.112
192.168.3.4
192.168.0.113
192.168.3.5
ws1
ws2 192.168.3.7
192.168.3.6
stub01 zapp1
zgateway1 zclient 192.168.10.11 192.168.1.2
stub02 192.168.2.2
192.168.10.22 192.168.3.2 192.168.1.3 192.168.2.4
zgateway2
zapp2
192.168.3.3 192.168.10.33 192.168.1.4 198.168.2.5
192.168.2.3
appSwitch (192.168.2.x) gateSwitch(192.168.1.x)
IPS Repository EVS Controller EVS Manager
Virtual Box
a.
s11-server 192.168.0.100
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Switch to the zgateway1 terminal and shut down the zgateway1 zone. root@zgateway1:~# shutdown –y –g0 –i5
b.
Assign the appSwitch EVS to the zgateway1 zone. root@s11-host01:~# zonecfg –z zgateway1 zonecfg:zgateway1> add anet zonecfg:zgateway1:anet> set evs=appSwitch zonecfg:zgateway1:anet> set vport=vport2 zonecfg:zgateway1:anet> end zonecfg:zgateway1> exit Recall that vports, vport0 and vport1 have already been taken by zapp1 and zapp2 zones.
c.
Boot the zone. root@s11-host01:~# zoneadm –z zgateway1 boot
d.
Log in to the zone. root@s11-host01:~# zlogin zgateway1
e.
Display IP address details. root@zgateway1:~# ipadm show-addr ADDROBJ TYPE
STATE
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Task 5/5 5. Assign the appSwitch EVS to the zgateway1 and zgateway2 zones. A zone can belong to two different EVS switches. In this case, the zgateway zones over the gateSwitch EVS need to be able to communicate with the zapp zones over the appSwitch EVS.
ok ok ok ok ok ok ok
127.0.0.1/8 192.168.1.3/24 192.168.10.22/24 192.168.2.4/24 192.168.3.2/24 ::1/128
The zgateway1 zone has picked up another IP, 192.168.2.4, this time from the appSwitch EVS. f.
Now, ping the zapp1 zone. root@zgateway1:~# ping 192.168.2.2 192.168.2.2 is alive
g.
Switch to the zapp1 terminal and ping the zgateway1 zone on the 192.168.2.4 IP. root@zapp1:~# ping 192.168.2.4 192.168.2.4 is alive
h. i.
Now, switch to the zgateway2 terminal. You need to perform similar steps to bring zgateway2 on to the appSwitch EVS. Shut down the zgateway2 zone. root@zgateway2:~# shutdown –y –g0 –i5
j.
Modify the zone to add the appSwitch EVS details. root@s11-host02:~# zonecfg –z zgateway2 zonecfg:zgateway2> add anet zonecfg:zgateway2:anet> set evs=appSwitch zonecfg:zgateway2:anet> set vport=vport3 zonecfg:zgateway2:anet> end zonecfg:zgateway2> exit
k.
Boot the zone. root@s11-host01:~# zoneadm –z zgateway2 boot
l.
Log in to the zone. root@s11-host02:~# zlogin zgateway2
m. Display IP address details. root@zgateway2:~# ADDROBJ lo0/v4 vnic3/v4 net0/v4 net1/v4 net3/v4 lo0/v6
ipadm show-addr TYPE STATE static ok static ok inherited ok static ok inherited ok static ok
ADDR 127.0.0.1/8 192.168.3.3/24 192.168.1.4/24 192.168.10.33/24 192.168.2.5/24 ::1/12
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lo0/v4 static net0/v4 inherited net1/v4 static net3/v4 inherited vnic2/v4 static lo0/v6 static net1/v6 addrconf fe80::a00:27ff:fe48:25db/10
n.
Now, ping the zapp1 zone. root@zgateway2:~# ping 192.168.2.2 192.168.2.2 is alive Notice that you can now also ping zones on the appSwitch EVS through zgateway1 and zgateway2 but not from zclient. That is because the zgateway zones are part of the appSwitch EVS as well, which the zclient zone is not.
o.
Switch to the s11-server terminal and collect the overall EVS statistics. root@s11-server:~# evsadm NAME
TENANT
STATUS VNIC
IP
HOST
appSwitch host02
sys-global
busy
app_ipnet
s11-host01,s11-
--
vpot0
--
used
zapp1/net1
192.168.2.2/24
s11-host01
vpot1
--
used
zapp2/net1
192.168.2.3/24
s11-host02
vpot2
--
used
zgateway1/net3 192.168.2.4/24
s11-host01
vpot3
--
used
zgateway2/net3 192.168.2.5/24
s11-host02
gateSwitch host02
sys-global
busy
--
gate_ipnet
s11-client,s11-
vport0
--
used
zclient/net0
192.168.1.2/24
s11-client
vport1
--
used
zgateway1/net0 192.168.1.3/24
s11-host01
vport2
--
used
zgateway2/net0 192.168.1.4/24
s11-host02
vport3
--
free
--
--
192.168.1.5/24
Observe how easily zones can be isolated and consolidated by using EVS. You have successfully tested the EVS setup. You also managed to illustrate that one zone can belong to two different EVS switches. In this case, the zgateway zones are part of both the appSwitch and gateSwitch EVSs. Note: Now, given that this is a VBox environment, with certain limitations on resources, it would help to unconfigure the zclient, zgateway1, and zgateway2 zones off the EVS switches for now. The multiple IPs inherited from EVSs and the vports on a VBox setup can potentially lead to router conflicts. By unconfiguring the three zones off the EVS setup, you pre-empt any such disruptions. p. Switch to the zclient terminal and unconfigure the zclient zone from the gateSwitch EVS. root@zclient:~# shutdown –y –g0 –i5 root@s11-client:~# zonecfg –z zclient ‘remove anet evs=gateSwitch’ root@s11-client:~# zoneadm –z zclient boot root@s11-client:~# zlogin zclient root@zclient:~# q.
Switch to the zgateway1 terminal and unconfigure the zgateway1 zone from the gateSwitch and appSwitch EVSs. root@zgateway1:~# shutdown –y –g0 –i5 Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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The zgateway2 zone has picked up the 192.168.2.5 IP address from the appSwitch EVS.
r.
zonecfg –z zgateway1 ‘remove anet zonecfg –z zgateway1 ‘remove anet zoneadm –z zgateway1 boot zlogin zgateway1
Switch to the zgateway2 terminal and unconfigure the zgateway2 zone from the gateSwitch and appSwitch EVSs. root@zgateway2:~# shutdown –y –g0 –i5 root@s11-host02:~# zonecfg –z zgateway2 ‘remove anet evs=gateSwitch’ root@s11-host02:~# zonecfg –z zgateway2 ‘remove anet evs=appSwitch’ root@s11-host02:~# zoneadm –z zgateway2 boot root@s11-host02:~# zlogin zgateway2 root@zgateway2:~#
Summary: You observed how zones can be isolated by using EVS. You can apply this knowledge to another setup. You can now proceed with testing the Oracle Solaris 11 HA technologies in the next lab.
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root@s11-host01:~# evs=gateSwitch’ root@s11-host01:~# evs=appSwitch’ root@s11-host01:~# root@s11-host01:~# root@zgateway1:~#
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Chapter 4
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Practices for Lesson 4: Configuring Network High Availability
Practices Overview Murraya Inc. requires a network that is failure proof. In one of the previous labs, you created a set of redundant resources on a redundant system, s11-host02. A redundant host ensures that the network and network services continue to operate on the alternative host, if one of the hosts fails. Now, within each of these hosts, you will establish network High Availability (HA) at various levels, such as IPMP for IP failover, link aggregation for higher bandwidth and datalink HA, L3 VRRP for router failover, and ILB for load balancing across nodes. In this lab, you will perform the following practices: • Configure IPMP • Configure link aggregation • Configure L3 VRRP • Configure ILB The following is the schematic representation of the setup you will build and test in this lab: Host: Oracle Solaris 10 s11-client
s11-host01
pri-services
192.168.0.111
sec-services
192.168.0.112
192.168.3.4
192.168.3.5
ws1
stub01
zclient 192.168.10.11 192.168.1.2
192.168.10.100
192.168.0.113
ws2 192.168.3.7
192.168.3.6
stub02 zapp1
zgateway1
s11-host02
192.168.2.2
192.168.10.22 192.168.3.2 192.168.1.3 192.168.2.4
192.168.10.100
zgateway2
zapp2
192.168.3.3 192.168.10.33 192.168.1.4 198.168.2.5
192.168.2.3
appSwitch (192.168.2.x) gateSwitch(192.168.1.x)
IPMP
IPMP
IPS Repository EVS Controller EVS Manager
Virtual Box
s11-server 192.168.0.100
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Practices for Lesson 4: Overview
VMs
Zones
NIC
VNIC
appSwitch
gateSwitch
L3 VRRP
cloudSwitch
s11-server 192.168.0.100 s11-client
192.168.20.x zclient
192.168.0.111
192.168.10.11
s11-host01
zgateway1
192.168.0.112
priservices
192.168.10.22
192.168.1.2 192.168.3.2
192.168.0.113
secservices ws2 zapp2
192.168.10.100
192.168.1.4
192.168.10.100
192.168.3.6
zapp1 zgateway2
192.168.1.3
192.168.3.4
ws1
s11-host02
192.168.2.4
192.168.2.2 192.168.10.33
192.168.3.3
192.168.2.5
192.168.3.5 192.168.3.7 192.168.2.3
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Refer to the following table for IP addresses assigned to various resources.
•
All tasks associated with the s11-server, s11-host01, and s11-host02 VMs are performed via secure (ssh) login from the s11-client VM.
•
You perform all tasks in the root role, unless mentioned otherwise. (Assume root privileges by using the su command and oracle1 as password.)
• •
Some command output or values may vary across systems. The font size of the output is reduced in a few places, to accommodate complete command output.
General Instructions: • • •
Ensure you set a title to the terminal window for easier recognition. These terminal windows will be referenced by their titles in the labs. So follow the naming convention mentioned in the procedures. Keep the terminal windows open unless specifically asked to close. In case, you happen to shut down a specific terminal, you can re-establish the connection: o Open a new terminal window. o SSH to the host (global zone) by using the ssh oracle@s11- command and specifying oracle1 as password. o
Assume root privileges by using the su command and oracle1 as password.
•
There will be occasions where you will use the shutdown command to shut down the nonglobal zones. In case, your terminal hangs while shutting down, open a new terminal and re-establish the connection as mentioned in the previous step.
•
In case, a zone is not running, boot the zone first by using the zoneadm –z boot command. Then log in to the zone by using the zlogin command.
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Assumptions: • The s11-server, s11-client, s11-host01, and s11-host02 VMs are running.
Overview The zgateway1 and zgateway2 zones are the entry zones for the network-in-a-box setup. These zones are configured over the net1 interfaces. This means that if there is network failure on the net1 interfaces of the zgateway1 or zgateway2 zones, all zones in the internal network lose network connectivity with the external network. It is therefore critical to configure a redundant interface so that network continuity is ensured in the event of any one interface failing.
Tasks In this practice, you will perform the following tasks: 1. Assign an IPMP group to the zgateway1 zone. 2. Assign an IPMP group to the zgateway2 zone. Task 1/2 1. Assign an IPMP group to the zgateway1 zone. To configure an IPMP group, you require two interfaces. Because net1 has already been configured on the zgateway1 zone, you need to dismantle it first and then reuse it for creating an IPMP group. In addition, you will use the net2 interface along with the net1 interface. Note: The net0 and net3 interfaces will be used in subsequent practices. Host: Oracle Solaris 10 s11-client 192.168.0.111
s11-host01
pri-services
s11-host02
sec-services
192.168.0.112
192.168.3.4
192.168.0.113
192.168.3.5
ws1
ws2 192.168.3.7
192.168.3.6
stub01 zgateway1 zclient 192.168.10.11 192.168.1.2
stub02 zapp1 192.168.2.2
192.168.10.22 192.168.3.2 192.168.1.3 192.168.2.4
zgateway2
zapp2
192.168.3.3 192.168.10.33 192.168.1.4 192.168.2.5
192.168.2.3
appSwitch (192.168.2.x) gateSwitch(192.168.1.x)
IPMP IPS Repository EVS Controller EVS Manager
Virtual Box
a. b.
s11-server 192.168.0.100
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Switch to the zgateway1 terminal. Identify the network devices to be used for configuring IPMP. root@zgateway1:~# dladm show-phys LINK MEDIA STATE net1 Ethernet up
SPEED 1000
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Practices for Lesson 4: Configuring Network High Availability Chapter 4 - Page 5
DUPLEX full
DEVICE e1000g1
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Practice 4-1: Configure IPMP
c.
d.
Ethernet
unknown
Display link details. root@zgateway1:~# dladm show-link LINK CLASS MTU net1 phys 1500 net2 phys 1500 vnic2 vnic 9000
unknown
STATE up unknown up
e1000g2
OVER --?
Display the IP address information of the interfaces. root@zgateway1:~# ipadm show-addr ADDROBJ TYPE STATE lo0/v4 static ok net1/v4 static ok vnic2/v4 static ok lo0/v6 static ok net1/v6 addrconf ok
e.
1000
ADDR 127.0.0.1/8 192.168.10.22/24 192.168.3.2/24 ::1/128 fe80::a00:27ff:fe48:25db/10
Delete the IP address on net1. root@zgateway1:~# ipadm delete-addr net1/v4 root@zgateway1:~# ipadm show-addr ADDROBJ TYPE STATE ADDR lo0/v4 static ok 127.0.0.1/8 vnic2/v4 static ok 192.168.3.2/24 lo0/v6 static ok ::1/128 net1/v6 addrconf ok fe80::a00:27ff:fe48:25db/10
f.
Delete the net1 interface. root@zgateway1:~# ipadm delete-ip net1 root@zgateway1:~# dladm show-link LINK CLASS MTU STATE net1 phys 1500 unknown net2 phys 1500 unknown vnic2 vnic 9000 up
g.
Create the net1 and net2 interfaces. root@zgateway1:~# ipadm create-ip net1 root@zgateway1:~# ipadm create-ip net2 root@zgateway1:~# dladm show-link LINK CLASS MTU STATE net1 phys 1500 up net2 phys 1500 up vnic2 vnic 9000 up
h.
OVER --?
OVER --?
Create the IPMP group, ipmp2 with net1 and net2 interfaces. root@zgateway1:~# ipadm create-ipmp -i net1 -i net2 ipmp2 Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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net2
Assign IP address (192.168.10.22) to the IPMP group, ipmp2. root@zgateway1:~# ipadm create-addr -T static -a 192.168.10.22 ipmp2 ipmp2/v4 root@zgateway1:~# ipadm show-addr ADDROBJ TYPE STATE ADDR lo0/v4 static ok 127.0.0.1/8 vnic2/v4 static ok 192.168.3.2/24 ipmp2/v4 static ok 192.168.10.22/24 lo0/v6 static ok ::1/128
j.
k.
Display the group-wise IPMP subsystem status. root@zgateway1:~# ipmpstat -g GROUP GROUPNAME STATE FDT ipmp2 ipmp2 ok --
INTERFACES net2 net1
Display the interface information about the IPMP group. root@zgateway1:~# ipmpstat -i INTERFACE ACTIVE GROUP FLAGS net2 yes ipmp2 ------net1 yes ipmp2 --mbM--
LINK up up
PROBE disabled disabled
STATE ok ok
where: m indicates that the interface is designated for sending and receiving IPv4 multicast traffic for the IPMP group b indicates that the interface is designated for receiving broadcast traffic for the IPMP group M indicates that the interface is designated for sending and receiving IPv6 multicast traffic for the IPMP group l.
Verify that zgateway1 is able to communicate with zgateway2 and zclient over the 192.168.10.x network. root@zgateway1:~# ping 192.168.10.11 192.168.10.11 is alive root@zgateway1:~# ping 192.168.10.33 192.168.10.33 is alive
Observation: The zgateway1 zone is plumbed over an IPMP group, ipmp2 with the 192.168.10.22 IP address. This means, that even if one of the underlying interfaces were to fail, either net1 or net2, the alternative interface would become operational.
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i.
Host: Oracle Solaris 10 s11-client 192.168.0.111
s11-host01
pri-services
s11-host02
sec-services
192.168.0.112
192.168.3.4
192.168.0.113
192.168.3.5
ws1
ws2 192.168.3.7
192.168.3.6
stub01 zgateway1 zclient 192.168.10.11 192.168.1.2
stub02 zapp1 192.168.2.2
192.168.10.22 192.168.3.2 192.168.1.3 192.168.2.4
zgateway2
zapp2
192.168.3.3 192.168.10.33 192.168.1.4 198.168.2.5
192.168.2.3
appSwitch (192.168.2.x) gateSwitch(192.168.1.x)
IPMP
IPMP
IPS Repository EVS Controller EVS Manager
Virtual Box
a. b.
s11-server 192.168.0.100
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Switch to the zgateway2 terminal. Identify the network devices to be used for configuring IPMP. root@zgateway2:~# dladm show-phys LINK MEDIA STATE net1 Ethernet up net2 Ethernet unknown
c.
d.
Display link details. root@zgateway2:~# dladm show-link LINK CLASS MTU net1 phys 1500 net2 phys 1500 vnic3 vnic 9000
SPEED 1000 0
DUPLEX full unknown
STATE up unknown up
Display the IP address information of the interfaces. root@zgateway2:~# ipadm show-addr ADDROBJ TYPE STATE ADDR lo0/v4 static ok 127.0.0.1/8 vnic3/v4 static ok 192.168.3.3/24 net1/v4 static ok 192.168.10.33/24 lo0/v6 static ok ::1/128
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Practices for Lesson 4: Configuring Network High Availability Chapter 4 - Page 8
DEVICE e1000g1 e1000g2
OVER --?
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Task 2/2 2. Assign an IPMP group to the zgateway2 zone. To configure an IPMP group on the zgateway2 zone, perform similar steps as you did in the zgateway1 zone.
Delete the IP address on net1. root@zgateway2:~# ipadm delete-addr net1/v4 root@zgateway2:~# ipadm show-addr ADDROBJ TYPE STATE ADDR lo0/v4 static ok 127.0.0.1/8 vnic3/v4 static ok 192.168.3.3/24 lo0/v6 static ok ::1/128
f.
Delete the net1 interface. root@zgateway2:~# ipadm delete-ip net1 root@zgateway2:~# dladm show-link LINK CLASS MTU net1 phys 1500 net2 phys 1500 vnic3 vnic 9000
g.
OVER --?
STATE up up up
OVER --?
Create the net1 and net2 interfaces. root@zgateway2:~# ipadm create-ip net1 root@zgateway2:~# ipadm create-ip net2 root@zgateway2:~# dladm show-link LINK CLASS MTU net1 phys 1500 net2 phys 1500 vnic3 vnic 9000
h.
STATE unknown unknown up
Create the IPMP group, ipmp2 with net1 and net2 interfaces. root@zgateway2:~# ipadm create-ipmp -i net1 -i net2 ipmp2
i.
Assign the 192.168.10.33 IP address to the IPMP group. root@zgateway2:~# ipadm create-addr -T static -a 192.168.10.33 ipmp2 ipmp2/v4 root@zgateway2:~# ipadm show-addr ADDROBJ TYPE STATE ADDR lo0/v4 static ok 127.0.0.1/8 vnic3/v4 static ok 192.168.3.3/24 ipmp2/v4 static ok 192.168.10.33/24 lo0/v6 static ok ::1/128
j.
Display the group-wise IPMP subsystem status. root@zgateway2:~# ipmpstat -g GROUP GROUPNAME STATE ipmp2 ipmp2 ok
FDT --
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Practices for Lesson 4: Configuring Network High Availability Chapter 4 - Page 9
INTERFACES net2 net1
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e.
Display the interface information about the IPMP group. root@zgateway2:~# ipmpstat -i INTERFACE ACTIVE GROUP FLAGS LINK PROBE STATE net2 yes ipmp2 ------up disabled ok net1 yes ipmp2 --mbM-up disabled ok
l.
Verify that the zgateway2 zone is able to communicate with the zgateway1 and zclient zones over the 192.168.10.x network. root@zgateway2:~# ping 192.168.10.22 192.168.10.22 is alive root@zgateway2:~# ping 192.168.10.11 192.168.10.11 is alive
Observation: The zgateway2 zone is plumbed over the IPMP group, ipmp2 and assigned the 192.168.10.33 IP address. The zgateway2 zone is able to communicate with both the zgateway1 and zclient zones.
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k.
Overview Link aggregation allows multiple NICs to be grouped into a single logical interface. Link aggregations provide cumulative bandwidth as well as HA. The zclient zone would do better with aggregated bandwidth than just the bandwidth from a single interface.
Tasks In this practice, you will configure trunk aggregation for the zclient zone.
Host: Oracle Solaris 10 s11-client 192.168.0.111
s11-host01
pri-services
sec-services
192.168.0.112
192.168.3.4
192.168.3.5
ws1
stub01
192.168.10.11 192.168.1.2
ws2
stub02 zapp1
zgateway1
192.168.0.113 192.168.3.7
192.168.3.6
zclient
s11-host02
192.168.2.2
192.168.10.22 192.168.3.2 192.168.1.3 192.168.2.4
zgateway2
zapp2
192.168.3.3 192.168.10.33 192.168.1.4 198.168.2.5
192.168.2.3
appSwitch (192.168.2.x) gateSwitch(192.168.1.x)
IPMP
IPMP
IPS Repository EVS Controller EVS Manager
Virtual Box
s11-server 192.168.0.100
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Task 1/1 1. Configure trunk aggregation for the zclient zone. To configure trunk aggregation, you again require a minimum of two interfaces. The net1 interface has already been configured on the zclient zone. You, therefore, need to dismantle and repurpose it along with net2 for creating the aggregation, aggr0. Note that trunk aggregation can only be created in the global zone. After plumbing the aggregation to a zone, you then assign it with an IP address from inside the nonglobal zone. a. Open the zclient terminal and display link information. root@zclient:~# dladm show-link LINK CLASS MTU net1 phys 1500
STATE up
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Practices for Lesson 4: Configuring Network High Availability Chapter 4 - Page 11
OVER --
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Practice 4-2: Configure Link Aggregation
c.
Display IP address information. root@zclient:~# ipadm show-addr ADDROBJ TYPE STATE lo0/v4 static ok net1/v4 static ok lo0/v6 static ok net1/v6 addrconf ok fe80::a00:27ff:fe8b:9d42/10
ADDR 127.0.0.1/8 192.168.10.11/24 ::1/128
Delete the net1 address. root@zclient:~# ipadm delete-addr net1/v4 root@zclient:~# ipadm show-addr ADDROBJ TYPE STATE ADDR lo0/v4 static ok 127.0.0.1/8 lo0/v6 static ok ::1/128 net1/v6 addrconf ok fe80::a00:27ff:fe8b:9d42/10
d.
Shut down the zclient zone. root@zclient:~# shutdown –y –g0 -i5
e. Display IP address information of the s11-client host.
root@s11-client:~# ipadm show-addr ADDROBJ TYPE STATE lo0/v4 static ok net0/v4 static ok lo0/v6 static ok f.
Display link details. root@s11-client:~# dladm show-link LINK CLASS MTU net1 phys 1500 zclient/net1 phys 1500 net2 phys 1500 net0 phys 1500
g.
ADDR 127.0.0.1/8 192.168.0.111/24 ::1/128
STATE unknown up unknown up
OVER -----
Create the aggregation, aggr0 with net1 and net2 interfaces. root@s11-client:~# dladm create-aggr root@s11-client:~# dladm show-link LINK CLASS MTU net1 phys 1500 net2 phys 1500 net0 phys 1500 net3 phys 1500 aggr0 aggr 1500
-l net1 -l net2 aggr0 STATE up up up unknown up
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Practices for Lesson 4: Configuring Network High Availability Chapter 4 - Page 12
OVER ----net1 net2
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b.
Assign the aggregation, aggr0, to the zclient zone. root@s11-client:~# zonecfg -z zclient zonecfg:zclient> add net zonecfg:zclient:net> set physical=aggr0 zonecfg:zclient:net> end zonecfg:zclient> add net zonecfg:zclient:net> set physical=net2 zonecfg:zclient:net> end zonecfg:zclient> exit Apart from adding the aggr0 interface to the zclient zone, you also need to add the net2 interface. This is because aggr0 requires both net1 and net2 as the underlying interfaces. Because the net1 interface is already configured on the zone, you now need to only add the net2 interface.
i.
Boot the zclient zone for the changes to take effect. root@s11-client:~# zoneadm -z zclient boot
j.
Log in to the zone. root@s11-client:~# zlogin zclient [Connected to zone 'zclient' pts/2] Oracle Corporation SunOS 5.11 11.2 May 2014
k.
l.
Display IP address information. root@zclient:~# ipadm show-addr ADDROBJ TYPE STATE lo0/v4 static ok lo0/v6 static ok net1/v6 addrconf disabled
ADDR 127.0.0.1/8 ::1/128 ::
Create the aggregation interface. root@zclient:~# ipadm create-ip aggr0 root@zclient:~# dladm show-link LINK CLASS MTU STATE net1 phys 1500 up net2 phys 1500 up aggr0 aggr 1500 up
OVER --net1, net2
m. Reassign the 192.168.10.11 IP address to the aggregation, aggr0. root@zclient:~# ipadm create-addr -T static aggr0 aggr0/v4 root@zclient:~# ipadm show-addr ADDROBJ TYPE STATE lo0/v4 static ok aggr0/v4 static ok lo0/v6 static ok Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Practices for Lesson 4: Configuring Network High Availability Chapter 4 - Page 13
-a 192.168.10.11
ADDR 127.0.0.1/8 192.168.10.11/24 ::1/128
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h.
n.
Verify that zclient is able to ping the zgateway1 and zgateway2 zones. root@zclient:~# ping 192.168.10.22 192.168.10.22 is alive root@zclient:~# ping 192.168.10.33 192.168.10.33 is alive
Observation: You have successfully configured an aggregation, aggr0 and assigned the collective bandwidth of the aggregation to the zclient zone. Note: Configuring Datalink Multipathing (DLMP) The next level of HA can be achieved at the datalink level. This is possible through DLMP. However, because of the limited interfaces in a virtual box setup and the requirement for physical switches, you will be unable to implement DLMP in this setup. Configuring DLMP involves a simple step of mentioning the mode type in the dladm create-aggr command. Caution: Do not perform the following steps. Although the command can be executed, but because DLMP has a hardware dependency, it will disrupt other activities in the labs that follow. root@s11-client:~# dladm modify-aggr -m dlmp aggr0 root@s11-client:~# dladm show-aggr LINK MODE POLICY ADDRPOLICY LACPACTIVITY LACPTIMER aggr0 dlmp -----
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At the first attempt at displaying the IP information, you might see the aggregation STATE as disabled. Try the ipadm show-addr command again and it should show OK.
Overview Oracle Solaris 11 provides proprietary Layer 3 VRRP to support the creation of VRRP routers over IPMP and infiniBand interfaces. Configuring L3 VRRP over the ipmp2 interfaces on zgateway1 and zgateway2 will ensure that if either of the zgateway zones is down, the VRRP router on the alternative zgateway zone would continue to route data packets. In this practice, you will perform the following tasks: 1. Configure L3 VRRP on the zgateway1 zone. 2. Configure L3 VRRP on the zgateway2 zone. Task 1/2 1. Configure L3 VRRP on the zgateway1 zone. You can repurpose the IPMP group, ipmp2 as the fundamental channel for the L3 VRRP router in this prototype. An L3 VRRP router, unlike an L2 VRRP router, can be configured over an IPMP group. Host: Oracle Solaris 10 s11-client
s11-host01
pri-services
192.168.0.111
sec-services
192.168.0.112
192.168.3.4
192.168.3.5
ws1
stub01
192.168.10.11 192.168.1.2
192.168.10.100
ws2
stub02 zapp1
zgateway1
192.168.0.113 192.168.3.7
192.168.3.6
zclient
s11-host02
192.168.2.2
192.168.10.22 192.168.3.2 192.168.1.3 192.168.2.4
zgateway2
zapp2
192.168.3.3 192.168.10.33 192.168.1.4 198.168.2.5
192.168.2.3
appSwitch (192.168.2.x) gateSwitch(192.168.1.x)
IPMP
IPMP
IPS Repository EVS Controller EVS Manager
Virtual Box
a.
s11-server 192.168.0.100
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
On the zgateway1 terminal, install the vrrp package. root@zgateway1:~# pkg install vrrp Packages to install: 1 Services to change: 1 Create boot environment: No Create backup boot environment: No DOWNLOAD XFER (MB) SPEED Completed 0.1/0.1 245k/s
PKGS
FILES
1/1
15/15
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Practice 4-3: Configure L3 VRRP
b.
c.
ITEMS 42/42 Done 0/0 Done Done 1/1
Display IP address information. root@zgateway1:~# ipadm show-addr ADDROBJ TYPE STATE lo0/v4 static ok vnic2/v4 static ok ipmp2/v4 static ok lo0/v6 static ok
ADDR 127.0.0.1/8 192.168.3.2/24 192.168.10.22/24 ::1/128
Create the L3 VRRP router. root@zgateway1:~# vrrpadm create-router -V 1 -I ipmp2 -A inet -T L3 -a 192.168.10.100 -p 255 vrrp2 root@zgateway1:~# ipadm show-addr ADDROBJ TYPE STATE ADDR lo0/v4 static ok 127.0.0.1/8 vnic2/v4 static ok 192.168.3.2/24 ipmp2/v4 static ok 192.168.10.22/24 ipmp2/v4a vrrp ok 192.168.10.100/24 lo0/v6 static ok ::1/128
d.
Display router details. root@zgateway1:~# vrrpadm show-router NAME VRID TYPE IFNAME AF PRIO ADV_INTV MODE STATE VNIC vrrp2 1 L3 ipmp2 IPv4 255 1000 eopa- MASTER – The vrrp2 router at this point is the MASTER router as indicated by its STATE.
e.
Display the currently active routes. root@zgateway1:~# netstat -rm streams allocation: cumulative allocation current streams 458 queues 984 mblk 11502 dblk 11503 linkblk 42 syncq 12
maximum 470 996 11780 12573 83 25
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Practices for Lesson 4: Configuring Network High Availability Chapter 4 - Page 16
total 104102 119673 73016 1888573 77 199
failures 0 0 0 0 0 0
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PHASE Installing new actions Updating package state database Updating package cache Updating image state Creating fast lookup database Updating package cache
0
0
0
0
3091 Kbytes allocated for streams data
Routing Table: Destination -------------Localhost 192.168.3.0 192.168.10.0 192.168.10.0
IPv4 Gateway ---------------localhost 192.168.3.2 192.168.10.100 zgateway1
Flags Ref ----- ----UH 2 U 2 U 2 U 4
Routing Table: IPv6 Destination/Mask Gateway Flags -------------------- ---------- ----localhost localhost UH
Use ---60 0 0 4
Ref --2
Interface -------lo0 vnic2 ipmp2 ipmp2
Use If ---- ----252 lo0
Observation: The zgateway1 zone now has an L3 VRRP router, vrrp2, configured over the IPMP interface, ipmp2, with the 192.168.10.100 VIP. Task 2/2 2. Configure L3 VRRP on the zgateway2 zone. The reason you would configure an L3 VRRP router on zgateway2 as well, is to ensure that if zgateway1 goes down, the VRRP router on zgateway2 would become the MASTER router and continue routing data packets. Host: Oracle Solaris 10 s11-client
s11-host01
pri-services
192.168.0.111
sec-services
192.168.0.112
192.168.3.4
192.168.3.5
ws1
stub01
192.168.10.11 192.168.1.2
192.168.10.100
ws2
stub02 zapp1
zgateway1
192.168.0.113 192.168.3.7
192.168.3.6
zclient
s11-host02
192.168.2.2
192.168.10.22 192.168.3.2 192.168.1.3 192.168.2.4
192.168.10.100
zgateway2
zapp2
192.168.3.3 192.168.10.33 192.168.1.4 198.168.2.5
192.168.2.3
appSwitch (192.168.2.x) gateSwitch(192.168.1.x)
IPMP
IPMP
IPS Repository EVS Controller EVS Manager
Virtual Box
s11-server 192.168.0.100
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qband
Switch to the zgateway2 terminal and install the vrrp package. root@zgateway2:~# pkg install vrrp Packages to install: 1 Services to change: 1 Create boot environment: No Create backup boot environment: No DOWNLOAD XFER (MB) SPEED Completed 0.1/0.1 245k/s
PKGS
FILES
1/1
15/15
PHASE Installing new actions Updating package state database Updating package cache Updating image state Creating fast lookup database Updating package cache b.
c.
Display IP address information. root@zgateway2:~# ipadm show-addr ADDROBJ TYPE STATE lo0/v4 static ok vnic3/v4 static ok ipmp2/v4 static ok lo0/v6 static ok
ITEMS 42/42 Done 0/0 Done Done 1/1
ADDR 127.0.0.1/8 192.168.3.3/24 192.168.10.33/24 ::1/128
Create the L3 VRRP router. root@zgateway2:~# vrrpadm create-router L3 -a 192.168.10.100 -p 100 vrrp2 root@zgateway2:~# ipadm show-addr ADDROBJ TYPE STATE lo0/v4 static ok vnic3/v4 static ok ipmp2/v4 static ok ipmp2/v4a vrrp down lo0/v6 static ok
-V 1 -I ipmp2 -A inet -T
ADDR 127.0.0.1/8 192.168.3.3/24 192.168.10.33/24 192.168.10.100/24 ::1/128
It is important that the VIP of the router is the same across both the zgateway1 and zgateway2 zones. Only then router failover is possible. However, the –p value for priority should be different on the routers. –p 255 specified on zgateway1 is the priority of the MASTER router. –p 100 specified on the zgateway2 zone is the priority of the BACKUP router.
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a.
Display router details. root@zgateway2:~# vrrpadm show-router NAME VRID TYPE IFNAME AF PRIO ADV_INTV MODE STATE VNIC vrrp2 1 L3 ipmp2 IPv4 100 1000 e-pa- BACKUP -The vrrp2 router on zgateway2 is in the BACKUP state. This is because currently the VRRP router in zgateway1 is in the MASTER state.
e.
Display the currently active routes. root@zgateway2:~# netstat -rm streams allocation: cumulative allocation current streams 437 queues 953 mblk 11471 dblk 11472 linkblk 42 syncq 12 qband 0
maximum 450 960 11780 12648 83 25 0
total 69456 81822 66882 1679216 69 156 0
failures 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3061 Kbytes allocated for streams data
Routing Table: Destination -------------Localhost 192.168.3.0 192.168.10.0
IPv4 Gateway Flags ---------- ----localhost zgateway2 192.168.10.33
Ref Use Interface ----- ---- --------UH 2 28 lo0 U 2 0 vnic3 U 4 3 ipmp2
Routing Table: IPv6 Destination/Mask Gateway Flags -------------------- ---------- ----localhost localhost UH
Ref --2
Use If ---- ----252 lo0
The 192.168.10.100 IP does not appear in the routing list because, the IP is active on the MASTER router, zgateway1. f.
Now, switch to the zgateway1 terminal and bring down the zgateway1 zone. root@zgateway1:~# init 5
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d.
Switch back to the zgateway2 terminal, and watch the state of the VRRP router. root@zgateway2:~# vrrpadm show-router NAME VRID TYPE IFNAME AF PRIO ADV_INTV MODE STATE VNIC vrrp2 1 L3 ipmp2 IPv4 100 1000 e-pa- MASTER --
Observation: As zgateway1 comes down, the state of the VRRP router changes from BACKUP to MASTER on zgateway2.
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g.
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Practices for Lesson 4: Configuring Network High Availability Chapter 4 - Page 20
Overview Another level of HA implementation is through ILB. ILB provides Layer 3 and Layer 4 loadbalancing capabilities on SPARC and x86-based Oracle Solaris systems. ILB intercepts incoming requests from clients, decides which back-end server should address the request based on load-balancing rules, and then forwards the request to the selected server. You will configure ILB on the zgateway1 and zgateway2 zones to implement load balancing over the ws1 and ws2 zones that act as web servers across two hosts.
Tasks In this practice, you will perform the following tasks: 1. Install ILB on the zgateway1 zone. 2. Install ILB on the zgateway2 zone. 3. Test http request–response activity from the zclient zone. Task 1/3 1. Install ILB on the zgateway1 zone. The plan is to install ILB on the zgateway1 zone. The ILB algorithm, on request from a client, would then decide which of the web servers configured on ws1 and ws2 zones would respond to the request. Host: Oracle Solaris 10 s11-client
s11-host01
pri-services
192.168.0.111
sec-services
192.168.0.112
192.168.3.4
192.168.3.5
ws1
stub01
192.168.10.11 192.168.1.2
192.168.10.100
ws2
stub02 zapp1
zgateway1
192.168.0.113 192.168.3.7
192.168.3.6
zclient
s11-host02
192.168.2.2
192.168.10.22 192.168.3.2 192.168.1.3 192.168.2.4
192.168.10.100
zgateway2
zapp2
192.168.3.3 192.168.10.33 192.168.1.4 198.168.2.5
192.168.2.3
appSwitch (192.168.2.x) gateSwitch(192.168.1.x)
IPMP
IPMP
IPS Repository EVS Controller EVS Manager
Virtual Box
a. b.
s11-server 192.168.0.100
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Open the zgateway1 terminal. Because the zgateway1 zone was shut down in the previous task, boot up the zone. root@s11-host01:~# zoneadm –z zgateway1 boot
c.
Log in to the zgateway1 zone. root@s11-host01:~# zlogin zgateway1 Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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Practice 4-4: Configure ILB
Install the ilb package. root@zgateway1:~# pkg install ilb Packages to install: 1 Services to change: 1 Create boot environment: No Create backup boot environment: No DOWNLOAD XFER (MB) SPEED Completed 0.2/0.2 782k/s
PKGS
FILES
1/1
23/23
PHASE Installing new actions Updating package state database Updating package cache Updating image state Creating fast lookup database Updating package cache e.
ITEMS 56/56 Done 0/0 Done Done 1/1
Enable the ilb service. root@zgateway1:~# svcadm enable ilb
f.
Create server groups with ws1 (192.168.3.6) and ws2 (192.168.3.7) zones. root@zgateway1:~# ilbadm create-servergroup -s server=192.168.3.6,192.168.3.7 sg1 root@zgateway1:~# ilbadm show-servergroup SGNAME SERVERID MINPORT MAXPORT IP_ADDRESS sg1 _sg1.0 --192.168.3.6 sg1 _sg1.1 --192.168.3.7 A server group is a bunch of servers across which the load balancing algorithm operates. In this case, it would be ws1 and ws2 zones, configured across two hosts.
g.
Create a health check, hc1 by using the built-in PING probe to monitor the health of the server group. root@zgateway1:~# ilbadm create-healthcheck –h hc-test=PING,hctimeout=2,hc-count=3,hc-interval=10 hc1 root@zgateway1:~# ilbadm show-healthcheck HCNAME TIMEOUT COUNT INTERVAL DEF_PING TEST hc1 2 3 10 y PING
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d.
Create the ilb rule. root@zgateway1:~# ilbadm create-rule –e -p -i vip=192.168.10.100,port=80,protocol=tcp -m lbalg=rr,type=HALFNAT, -h hc-name=hc1 -o servergroup=sg1 rule1 root@zgateway1:~# ilbadm show-rule RULENAME STATUS LBALG TYPE PROTOCOL VIP PORT rule1 E roundrobin HALF-NAT TCP 192.168.10.100 80
i.
Optionally, display health check results. root@zgateway1:~# RULENAME HCNAME rule1 hc1 rule1 hc1
j. k.
ilbadm show-hc-result SERVERID STATUS FAIL LAST NEXT _sg1.0 alive 3 07:55:54 07:56:09 _sg1.1 unreach 0 07:55:57 07:56:12
Open the ws1 terminal. Install the apache-22 package. root@ws1:~# pkg install apache-22 Packages to install: 8 Services to change: 2 Create boot environment: No Create backup boot environment: No DOWNLOAD XFER (MB) SPEED Completed 9.5/9.5 501k/s
PKGS
FILES
8/8
680/680
PHASE Installing new actions Updating package state database Updating package cache Updating image state Creating fast lookup database Updating package cache l.
RTT 0 119
ITEMS 945/945 Done 0/0 Done Done 1/1
Make the following entry in the index.html file. root@ws1:~# echo "WS1 responding..." > /var/apache2/2.2/htdocs/index.html Depending on which web server responds to the client request, you will see the respective index.html file being called.
m. Enable the http service. root@ws1:~# svcadm enable http n.
Finally, add the 192.168.3.2 IP address of zgateway1 as the default route on ws1. root@ws1:~# route add default 192.168.3.2 Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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h.
Host: Oracle Solaris 10 s11-client
s11-host01
pri-services
192.168.0.111
s11-host02
sec-services
192.168.0.112
192.168.3.4
192.168.0.113
192.168.3.5
ws1
ws2 192.168.3.7
192.168.3.6
stub01 zgateway1 zclient 192.168.10.11 192.168.1.2
192.168.10.100
stub02 zapp1 192.168.2.2
192.168.10.22 192.168.3.2 192.168.1.3 192.168.2.4
192.168.10.100
zgateway2
zapp2
192.168.3.3 192.168.10.33 192.168.1.4 198.168.2.5
192.168.2.3
appSwitch (192.168.2.x) gateSwitch(192.168.1.x)
IPMP
IPMP
IPS Repository EVS Controller EVS Manager
Virtual Box
a.
s11-server 192.168.0.100
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Open the zgateway2 terminal and install the ilb package. root@zgateway2:~# pkg install ilb Packages to install: 1 Services to change: 1 Create boot environment: No Create backup boot environment: No DOWNLOAD XFER (MB) SPEED Completed 0.2/0.2 782k/s
PKGS
FILES
1/1
23/23
PHASE Installing new actions Updating package state database Updating package cache Updating image state Creating fast lookup database Updating package cache
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ITEMS 56/56 Done 0/0 Done Done 1/1
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Observation: You have successfully configured ILB on the zgateway1 zone and the Apache web server on the ws1 zone. Task 2/3 2. Install ILB on the zgateway2 zone. Because the plan is to test load-balancing implemented over a VRRP setup, you will configure ILB and Apache web server on the zgateway2 and ws2 zones, respectively.
Enable the ilb service. root@zgateway2:~# svcadm enable ilb
c.
Create server groups with the ws1 and ws2 zones. root@zgateway2:~# ilbadm create-servergroup -s server=192.168.3.6,192.168.3.7 sg1 root@zgateway2:~# ilbadm show-servergroup SGNAME SERVERID MINPORT MAXPORT IP_ADDRESS sg1 _sg1.0 --192.168.3.6 sg1 _sg1.1 --192.168.3.7
d.
Create a health check, hc1 by using the built-in PING probe to monitor the health of the server group. root@zgateway2:~# ilbadm create-healthcheck –h hc-test=PING,hctimeout=2,hc-count=3,hc-interval=10 hc1 root@zgateway1:~# ilbadm show-healthcheck HCNAME TIMEOUT COUNT INTERVAL DEF_PING TEST hc1 2 3 10 y PING
e.
Create the ilb rule. root@zgateway2:~# ilbadm create-rule –e -p -i vip=192.168.10.100,port=80,protocol=tcp -m lbalg=rr,type=HALFNAT, -h hc-name=hc1 -o servergroup=sg1 rule1 root@zgateway1:~# ilbadm show-rule RULENAME STATUS LBALG TYPE PROTOCOL VIP PORT rule1 E roundrobin HALF-NAT TCP 192.168.10.100 80
f.
Optionally, display health check results. root@zgateway2:~# RULENAME HCNAME rule1 hc1 rule1 hc1
ilbadm show-hc-result SERVERID STATUS FAIL LAST NEXT _sg1.0 unreach 3 07:55:30 07:55:36 _sg1.1 alive 0 07:55:29 07:55:39
RTT 0 119
g. h.
Now, open a new terminal from the s11-client desktop, and rename it as ws2. Establish a secure remote connection with the s11-host02 VM, and log in to the ws2 zone. oracle@s11-client:~$ ssh oracle@s11-host02 Password: oracle1 Last login: Wed Oct 8 07:54:59 2014 from 192.168.0.111 Oracle Corporation SunOS 5.11 11.2 June 2014 oracle@s11-host02:~$ su Password: oracle1 root@s11-host02:~# zlogin ws2
i.
Install the apache-22 package. root@ws2:~# pkg install apache-22 Packages to install: 8 Services to change: 2 Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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b.
PKGS
FILES
8/8
680/680
PHASE Installing new actions Updating package state database Updating package cache Updating image state Creating fast lookup database Updating package cache j.
ITEMS 945/945 Done 0/0 Done Done 1/1
Make the following entry in the index.html file. root@ws2:~# echo "WS2 responding..." > /var/apache2/2.2/htdocs/index.html Depending on which web server responds to the client request, you will see the respective index.html file being called.
k.
Enable the http service. root@ws2:~# svcadm enable http
l.
Also, add the 192.168.3.3 IP address of zgateway2 as the default route on ws2. root@ws2:~# route add default 192.168.3.3
Observation: You have successfully configured the redundant ILB on the zgateway2 zone and the Apache web server on the ws2 zone. Task 3/3 3. Test http request–response activity. a. Open the zclient terminal. b. Add the 192.168.10.100 IP address of the VRRP router as the default route. root@zclient:~# route add default 192.168.10.100 Know that route add default is a nonpersistent command. So if ever, you reboot the zclient zone and would like to retest the http request–response activity, ensure that you make the route add default entry once again. c.
Make an http request to the web server. root@zclient:~# wget http://192.168.10.100:80 --2014-09-22 17:50:27-- http://192.168.10.100/ Connecting to 192.168.10.100:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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Create boot environment: No Create backup boot environment: No DOWNLOAD XFER (MB) SPEED Completed 9.5/9.5 501k/s
100%[======================================>] 17 K/s in 0s
--.-
2014-09-22 17:50:27 (1.55 MB/s) - ‘index.html’ saved [17/17] d.
Output the index.html file to verify which of the web servers responded to your request. root@zclient:~# cat index.html WS1 responding… root@zclient:~# This indicates that the http request went to the zgateway1 zone, where ILB routed the request to the web server on the ws1 zone. This is when both zgateway1 and zgateway2 zones are up.
e.
Now, switch to the zgateway1 terminal and bring down the zgateway1 zone. root@zgateway1:~# init 5
f.
Switch back to the zclient terminal and make an http request to the web server again. root@zclient:~# wget http://192.168.10.100:80 --2014-09-22 17:50:27-- http://192.168.10.100/ Connecting to 192.168.10.100:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 17 [text/html] Saving to: ‘index.html.1’ 100%[======================================>] 17 K/s in 0s
--.-
2014-09-22 17:50:27 (1.55 MB/s) - ‘index.html.1’ saved [17/17] The x in the index.html.x file carries an incremental value with every response from the web server. g.
Output the index.html.1 file to verify which of the web servers responded to your request. root@zclient:~# cat index.html.1 WS2 responding… root@zclient:~#
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Length: 17 [text/html] Saving to: ‘index.html’
Note: Now that you have understood how a redundant system provides HA to the infrastructure, you can continue to build redundant resources on the s11-host02 system, just as you did in this lab. However, for the sake of convenience, and to optimize on memory resources in a VBox setup, you will only reinforce the s11-host01 system with network services and resource optimization. Therefore, you can now shut down the s11host02 resources. h. Switch to the zgateway2 terminal and shut down the zones running in the s11-host02 system. root@zgateway2:~# shutdown –y –g0 –i5 root@s11-host02:~# zoneadm –z sec-services shutdown root@s11-host02:~# zoneadm –z ws2 shutdown i. j.
Close the terminal window by clicking the X symbol at the far-right corner. Shut down the s11-host02 system by clicking the X symbol in the s11-host02 VM window. k. Select the Power-off the system option. Summary: You successfully configured L3 VRRP and ILB on resources across hosts to be able to test how ILB load balances over an L3 VRRP setup that provides router high availability. When one of the zgateway zones goes down on one host, the zgateway on the other host becomes the MASTER router and continues with the transactions.
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This time the request was answered by the ws2 zone. Because zgateway1 was down, VRRP router became the MASTER router on the zgateway2 zone. The ILB on the zgateway2 zone sends the request to the web server on the ws2 zone.
Chapter 5
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Practices for Lesson 5: Configuring Network Services
Practices Overview Murraya Inc. requires a centralized database for leasing IP addresses to clients, a centralized naming server for host name resolution, and a central data store for user authentication. In addition, Murraya also requires resource-sharing capabilities between the Oracle Solaris and Windows platforms. You will, therefore, implement the following solutions to address each of the above requirements: DHCP, DNS, and LDAP. In this lab, you will perform the following practices: • Configure ISC DHCP • Configure DNS •
Configure LDAP
The following is the schematic representation of the setup you will build and test in this lab: Host: Oracle Solaris 10 s11-client
s11-host01
pri-services
192.168.0.111
DHCP server DNS server LDAP server
sec-services
192.168.0.112
192.168.3.4
192.168.3.5
ws1
stub01
zclient 192.168.10.11 192.168.1.2
192.168.10.100
192.168.0.113
ws2 192.168.3.7
192.168.3.6
stub02 zapp1
zgateway1
s11-host02
192.168.2.2
192.168.10.22 192.168.3.2 192.168.1.3 192.168.2.4
192.168.10.100
zgateway2
zapp2
192.168.3.3 192.168.10.33 192.168.1.4 198.168.2.5
192.168.2.3
appSwitch (192.168.2.x) gateSwitch(192.168.1.x)
IPMP
IPMP
IPS Repository EVS Controller EVS Manager
Virtual Box
s11-server 192.168.0.100
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Practices for Lesson 5: Overview
VMs
Zones
NIC
VNIC
appSwitch
gateSwitch
L3 VRRP
cloudSwitch
s11-server 192.168.0.100 s11-client
192.168.20.x zclient
192.168.0.111
192.168.10.11
s11-host01
zgateway1
192.168.0.112
priservices
192.168.10.22
192.168.1.2 192.168.3.2
192.168.0.113
secservices ws2 zapp2
192.168.10.100
192.168.1.4
192.168.10.100
192.168.3.6
zapp1 zgateway2
192.168.1.3
192.168.3.4
ws1
s11-host02
192.168.2.4
192.168.2.2 192.168.10.33
192.168.3.3
192.168.2.5
192.168.3.5 192.168.3.7 192.168.2.3
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Refer to the following table for IP addresses assigned to various resources.
•
All tasks associated with the s11-server, s11-host01, and s11-host02 VMs are performed via secure (ssh) login from the s11-client VM.
•
You perform all tasks in the root role, unless mentioned otherwise. (Assume root privileges by using the su command and oracle1 as password.)
• •
Some command output or values may vary across systems. The font size of the output is reduced in a few places, to accommodate complete command output.
General Instructions: • • •
Ensure that you set a title to the terminal window for easier recognition. These terminal windows will be referenced by their titles in the labs. So follow the naming convention mentioned in the procedures. Keep the terminal windows open unless specifically asked to close. In case, you happen to shut down a specific terminal, you can re-establish the connection: o Open a new terminal window. o SSH to the host (global zone) by using the ssh oracle@s11- command and specifying oracle1 as password. o
Assume root privileges by using the su command and oracle1 as password.
•
There will be occasions where you will use the shutdown command to shut down the nonglobal zones. In case, your terminal hangs while shutting down, open a new terminal and re-establish the connection as mentioned in the previous step.
•
In case, a zone is not running, boot the zone first by using the zoneadm –z boot command. Then log in to the zone by using the zlogin command.
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Assumptions: • The s11-server, s11-client, s11-host01, and s11-host02 VMs are running.
Overview To address the need for a dedicated and centralized data store for managing IP addresses for clients within the network, you will configure the DHCP server in the pri-services zone on the s11-host01 system. The DHCP relay agent will be configured on the zgateway1 zone, and the zclient zone on the s11-client system will act as the DHCP client.
Host: Oracle Solaris 10 s11-client
s11-host01
pri-services
192.168.0.111 DHCP server
sec-services
192.168.0.112
192.168.3.4
192.168.3.5
ws1
stub01
192.168.10.11 192.168.1.2
192.168.10.100
ws2
stub02 zapp1
zgateway1
192.168.0.113 192.168.3.7
192.168.3.6
zclient
s11-host02
192.168.2.2
192.168.10.22 192.168.3.2 192.168.1.3 192.168.2.4
192.168.10.100
zgateway2
zapp2
192.168.3.3 192.168.10.33 192.168.1.4 198.168.2.5
192.168.2.3
appSwitch (192.168.2.x) gateSwitch(192.168.1.x)
IPMP
IPMP
IPS Repository EVS Controller EVS Manager
Virtual Box
s11-server 192.168.0.100
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Tasks In this practice, you will perform the following tasks: 1. Configure the DHCP server on the pri-services zone. 2. 3.
Configure the DHCP relay agent on the zgateway1 zone. Request an IP address from the DHCP server.
Task 1/3 1. Configure the DHCP server on the pri-services zone. a. Switch to the pri-services terminal. b. Install the isc-dhcp package. root@pri-services:~# pkg install isc-dhcp Packages to install: 1 Services to change: 2 Create boot environment: No Create backup boot environment: No Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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Practice 5-1: Configure ISC DHCP
PKGS
FILES
1/1
24/24
PHASE Installing new actions Updating package state database Updating package cache Updating image state Creating fast lookup database Updating package cache c.
ITEMS 65/65 Done 0/0 Done Done 1/1
Create the DHCP server configuration file, /etc/inet/dhcpd4.conf, with the following entries. root@pri-services:~# vi /etc/inet/dhcpd4.conf subnet 192.168.3.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { } subnet 192.168.10.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { range 192.168.10.101 192.168.10.130; } For IPv6, the configuration file would be dhcpd6.conf.
d.
Restart the DHCP server. root@pri-services:~# svcadm restart svc:/network/dhcp/server:ipv4
e.
Enable the DHCP server. root@pri-services:~# svcadm enable svc:/network/dhcp/server:ipv4 root@pri-services:~# svcs svc:/network/dhcp/server:ipv4 STATE STIME FMRI online 8:04:52 svc:/network/dhcp/server:ipv4 The DHCP server addresses both, DHCP and BOOTP requests from IPv4 clients.
Task 2/3 2. Configure the DHCP relay agent. The relay agent relays both, DHCP and BOOTP requests from IPv4 clients to the DHCP server. a. Switch to the zgayeway1 terminal. b. Because the zgateway1 zone was shut down in the previous task, boot up the zone. root@s11-host01:~# zoneadm –z zgateway1 boot c.
Log in to the zgateway1 zone. root@s11-host01:~# zlogin zgateway1 Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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DOWNLOAD XFER (MB) SPEED Completed 2.5/2.5 4.7M/s
Install the isc-dhcp package in the zgateway1 zone. root@zgateway1:~# pkg install isc-dhcp Packages to install: 1 Services to change: 2 Create boot environment: No Create backup boot environment: No DOWNLOAD XFER (MB) SPEED Completed 2.5/2.5 18.0M/s
PKGS
FILES
1/1
24/24
PHASE Installing new actions Updating package state database Updating package cache Updating image state Creating fast lookup database Updating package cache
ITEMS 65/65 Done 0/0 Done Done 1/1
e. Set the zgateway1 zone as the relay agent and enable the relay services. root@zgateway1:~# /usr/lib/inet/dhcrelay 192.168.3.4 Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Relay Agent 4.1-ESV-R7 Copyright 2004-2012 Internet Systems Consortium. All rights reserved. For info, please visit https://www.isc.org/software/dhcp/ Listening on Socket/ipmp2 Sending on Socket/ipmp2 Listening on Socket/vnic2 Sending on Socket/vnic2 The IP address 192.168.3.4 specified in the command is the IP address of the priservices zone that is configured as the DHCP server. Observation: You have successfully configured both the ISC DHCP server and the DHCP relay agent. You should now be able to request for IP addresses from the DHCP server. Task 3/3 3. Request an IP address from the DHCP server. To verify that the DHCP server is working, request for a test IP for the net3 interface on the zclient zone. a. Switch to the zclient terminal window and exit from the zclient zone. root@zclient:~# exit
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d.
Add the net3 interface to the zclient zone and reboot the zone. root@s11-client:~# zonecfg –z zclient zonecfg:zclient> add net zonecfg:zclient:anet> set physical=net3 zonecfg:zclient:anet> end zonecfg:zclient> exit root@s11-client:~# zoneadm –z zclient reboot
c.
Log in to the zclient zone. root@s11-client:~# zlogin zclient
d.
Display IP address and link information. root@zclient:~# ipadm show-addr ADDROBJ TYPE STATE lo0/v4 static ok aggr0/v4 static ok lo0/v6 static ok root@zclient:~# dladm show-link LINK CLASS MTU STATE net1 phys 1500 up net2 phys 1500 up aggr0 aggr 1500 up net3 phys 1500 unknown
e.
OVER --net1,net2 --
Plumb the net3 interface. root@zclient:~# ipadm create-ip root@zclient:~# dladm show-link LINK CLASS MTU net1 phys net2 phys aggr0 aggr net3 phys
f.
ADDR 127.0.0.1/8 192.168.10.11/24 ::1/128
net3 STATE 1500 1500 1500 1500
OVER up up up up
--net,net2 --
Request for a DHCP IP for the net3 interface. root@zclient:~# ipadm create-addr -T dhcp net3/v4 root@zclient:~# ipadm show-addr ADDROBJ TYPE STATE lo0/v4 static ok aggr0/v4 static ok net3/v4 dhcp ok lo0/v6 static ok
net3
ADDR 127.0.0.1/8 192.168.10.11/24 192.168.10.102/24 ::1/128
The IP address granted to the net3 interface is a dynamic address from the range specified in the dhcpd.conf file in the DHCP server. Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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b.
For now, there is no need for a net3 interface. So, delete the interface. root@zclient:~# ipadm delete-addr net3/v4 root@zclient:~# ipadm show-addr ADDROBJ TYPE STATE lo0/v4 static ok aggr0/v4 static ok lo0/v6 static ok
ADDR 127.0.0.1/8 192.168.10.11/24 ::1/128
Observation: The zclient zone is able to fetch the DHCP address from the DHCP server configured on the pri-services zone on the s11-host01 system.
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g.
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Practices for Lesson 5: Configuring Network Services Chapter 5 - Page 9
Overview You will once again use the pri-services zone to configure the DNS server and the zclient zone will be your DNS client. After successfully configuring this setup, zclient should be able to access any other system (zone) in the network by using host names. Host: Oracle Solaris 10 s11-client
s11-host01
pri-services
192.168.0.111 DHCP server DNS server
sec-services
192.168.0.112
192.168.3.4
192.168.3.5
ws1
192.168.10.11 192.168.1.2
192.168.10.100
ws2
stub02 zapp1
zgateway1
192.168.0.113 192.168.3.7
192.168.3.6
stub01
zclient
s11-host02
192.168.2.2
192.168.10.22 192.168.3.2 192.168.1.3 192.168.2.4
192.168.10.100
zgateway2
zapp2
192.168.3.3 192.168.10.33 192.168.1.4 198.168.2.5
192.168.2.3
appSwitch (192.168.2.x) gateSwitch(192.168.1.x)
IPMP
IPMP
IPS Repository EVS Controller EVS Manager
Virtual Box
s11-server 192.168.0.100
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Tasks In this practice, you will perform the following tasks: 1. Configure the DNS server. 2. Configure the DNS client. Task 1/2 1. Configure the DNS server. a. Switch to the pri-services terminal window. b. Install the DNS package. Configuring the DNS server involves installing DNS BIND, which is a DNS server package. root@pri-services:~# pkg install pkg://solaris/service/network/dns/bind Packages to install: 1 Services to change: 1 Create boot environment: No Create backup boot environment: No DOWNLOAD PKGS FILES XFER (MB) SPEED
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Practice 5-2: Configure DNS
1/1
PHASE Installing new actions Updating package state database Updating package cache Updating image state Creating fast lookup database Updating package cache c.
38/38
ITEMS 71/71 Done 0/0 Done Done 1/1
Create the main configuration file for the DNS server. Before the named daemon starts, a valid configuration file must exist. This file is called /etc/named.conf by default. You can either: − Copy the file by first exiting to the s11-host01 system and then using the scp command. Note that the file must be copied into the /etc directory. root@pri-services:~# exit root@s11-host01:~# scp /opt/ora/course_files/dns/named.conf /zones/pri-services/root/etc root@s11-host01:~# zlogin pri-services Do not forget to log back in to the pri-services zone to continue with the procedure. − Or, create the file by using the vi editor and enter the following details about the db files associated with each subnet. root@pri-services:~# vi /etc/named.conf options { directory "/var/named"; }; zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" {type master; file "db.127.0.0";}; zone "mydomain.com" {type master; file "db.mydomain";}; zone "10.168.192.in-addr.arpa" {type master; file "db.192.168.10";}; zone "3.168.192.in-addr.arpa" {type master; file "db.192.168.3";}; zone "0.168.192.in-addr.arpa" {type master; file "db.192.168.0";};
d.
Create a directory called /var/named and switch to this directory. This is the base directory that stores all the db files. root@pri-services:~# mkdir /var/named root@pri-services:~# cd /var/named
e.
The db files need to be created, which contain configuration information about the system and the network. You can either: Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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Completed 1.4/1.4 1.6M/s
− Or, create each of the following individual db files by using the vi editor. root@pri-services:/var/named# vi db.127.0.0 $TTL 86400 @ SOA pri-services.mydomain.com root.mydomain.com (2 10800 3600 NS pri-services.mydomain.com 1 PTR localhost. :wq root@pri-services:/var/named# vi db.mydomain $TTL 86400 @ SOA pri-services root (2 604800 600) NS pri-services localhost A 127.0.0.1 zgateway1 A 192.168.10.22 zgateway1 A 192.168.3.2 pri-services A 192.168.3.4 ws1 A 192.168.3.6 zgateway2 A 192.168.10.33 zgateway2 A 192.168.3.3 sec-services A 192.168.3.5 ws2 A 192.168.3.7 zclient A 192.168.10.11 s11-server A 192.168.0.100 s11-client A 192.168.0.111 s11-host01 A 192.168.0.112 s11-host02 A 192.168.0.113 :wq root@pri-services:/var/named# vi db.192.168.0 $TTL 86400 @ SOA pri-services.mydomain.com (2 10800 3600 604800 600) NS pri-services.mydomain.com 100 PTR s11-server.mydomain.com 111 PTR s11-client.mydomain.com Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Practices for Lesson 5: Configuring Network Services Chapter 5 - Page 12
604800
10800
600)
3600
root.mydomain.com
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− Copy the files by first exiting to the s11-host01 system and then using the scp command. root@pri-services:~# exit root@s11-host01:~# scp /opt/ora/course_files/dns/db/* /zones/pri-services/root/var/named/ root@s11-host01:~# zlogin pri-services root@pri-services:~# cd /var/named
PTR PTR
s11-host01.mydomain.com s11-host02.mydomain.com
root@pri-services:/var/named# vi db.192.168.10 $TTL 86400 @ SOA pri-services.mydomain.com (2 10800 3600 604800 600) NS pri-services.mydomain.com 11 PTR zclient.mydomain.com 22 PTR zgateway1.mydomain.com 33 PTR zgateway2.mydomain.com :wq
root.mydomain.com
root@pri-services:/var/named# vi db.192.168.3 $TTL 86400 @ SOA pri-services.mydomain.com root.mydomain.com (2 10800 3600 604800 NS pri-services.mydomain.com 2 PTR zgateway1.mydomain.com 4 PTR pri-services.mydomain.com 6 PTR ws1.mydomain.com 3 PTR zgateway2.mydomain.com 5 PTR sec-services.mydomain.com 7 PTR ws2.mydomain.com :wq f.
600)
Check the files in the directory. root@pri-services:/var/named# ls db.127.0.0 db.192.168.10 db.192.168.0 db.192.168.3
db.mydomain
All five db files have been created inside the /var/named directory. g.
Check the validity of the /etc/named.conf configuration file. root@pri-services:/var/named# cd root@pri-services:~# named-checkconf You should not see an error message. That indicates that the named.conf file is correct.
h. Now start the DNS server.
root@pri-services:~# svcs -a | grep dns/server disabled 10:22:44 svc:/network/dns/server:default root@pri-services:~# svcadm enable dns/server Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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112 113 :wq
Observation: The DNS server has been successfully configured. Task 2/2 1. Configure the DNS client. a. Switch to the zclient terminal. b. Update the network/dns/client service. root@zclient:~# svccfg -s network/dns/client svc:/network/dns/client> setprop config/search=astring: ("mydomain.com") svc:/network/dns/client> setprop config/nameserver=net_address: (192.168.3.4) svc:/network/dns/client> select network/dns/client:default svc:/network/dns/client:default> refresh svc:/network/dns/client:default> quit c. Update the name service SMF.
root@zclient:~# svccfg -s system/name-service/switch svc:/system/name-service/switch> setprop config/host=astring: "files dns" svc:/system/name-service/switch> select system/nameservice/switch:default svc:/system/name-service/switch:default> refresh svc:/system/name-service/switch:default> quit The name service switch is a configurable selection service that enables an administrator to specify the name information service or source to use for each type of network information. The services are called a database. d.
Enable the DNS client and the name service. root@zclient:~# svcadm enable network/dns/client root@zclient:~# svcs network/dns/client STATE STIME FMRI online 10:59:03 svc:/network/dns/client:default root@zclient:~# svcadm enable system/name-service/switch root@zclient:~# svcs system/name-service/switch STATE STIME FMRI online 7:52:44 svc:/system/name-service/switch:default
e.
Verify that the DNS server is able to perform host name resolution by using the nslookup command. root@zclient:~# nslookup zgateway1 Server: 192.168.3.4 Address: 192.168.3.4#53 Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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root@pri-services:~# svcs -a | grep dns/server online 10:46:11 svc:/network/dns/server:default
root@zclient:~# nslookup zgateway1.mydomain.com Server: 192.168.3.4 Address: 192.168.3.4#53 Name: zgateway1.mydomain.com Address: 192.168.3.2 Name: zgateway1.mydomain.com Address: 192.168.10.22 root@zclient:~# ping zgateway1 zgateway1 is alive Observation: The DNS server, 192.168.3.4, is able to resolve, for instance, the zgateway1 host name.
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Name: zgateway1.mydomain.com Address: 192.168.3.2 Name: zgateway1.mydomain.com Address: 192.168.10.22
Overview Murraya’s next requirement is an LDAP server. The primary function of the LDAP server is to authenticate users on the network. You will now configure the LDAP server on the priservices zone and the zclient zone will act as the LDAP client. Know that there are two implementations of LDAP in Oracle Solaris 11, Oracle Directory Server Enterprise Edition (DSEE) and OpenLDAP. For the purpose of this setup, you will use OpenLDAP, which is the default LDAP server in Oracle Solaris 11.
Host: Oracle Solaris 10 s11-client
s11-host01
pri-services
192.168.0.111
DHCP server DNS server LDAP server
sec-services
192.168.0.112
192.168.3.4
192.168.3.5
ws1
192.168.10.11 192.168.1.2
192.168.10.100
ws2
stub02 zapp1
zgateway1
192.168.0.113 192.168.3.7
192.168.3.6
stub01
zclient
s11-host02
192.168.2.2
192.168.10.22 192.168.3.2 192.168.1.3 192.168.2.4
192.168.10.100
zgateway2
zapp2
192.168.3.3 192.168.10.33 192.168.1.4 198.168.2.5
192.168.2.3
appSwitch (192.168.2.x) gateSwitch(192.168.1.x)
IPMP
IPMP
IPS Repository EVS Controller EVS Manager
Virtual Box
s11-server 192.168.0.100
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Tasks In this practice, you will perform the following tasks: 1. Configure the LDAP server. 2. Configure the LDAP client. 3. Verify LDAP client communication with the LDAP server. Task 1/3 1. Configure the LDAP server. a. In the pri-services terminal, verify the SMF status of the OpenLDAP server. root@pri-services:~# svcs network/ldap/server STATE STIME FMRI disabled Oct_09 svc:/network/ldap/server:openldap_24 The OpenLDAP service should be in the disabled state.
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Practice 5-3: Configure LDAP
As a precautionary step, delete the content of the /var/openldap/openldapdata/ directory to remove any previous entries. root@pri-services:~# ls /var/openldap/openldap-data/ DB_CONFIG.example root@pri-services:~# rm /var/openldap/openldap-data/*
c.
Enable the executable bit for the LDAP configuration command, /usr/lib/slapd. root@pri-services:~# chmod +x /usr/lib/slapd root@pri-services:~# ls -l /usr/lib/slapd -r-xr-xr-x 1 root bin 2743456 Oct /usr/lib/slapd
8 08:38
d. Create a copy of the slapd.conf.default file to reuse it for configuring the OpenLDAP server.
root@pri-services:~# cp /etc/openldap/slapd.conf.default /etc/openldap/slapd.conf e.
The slapd.conf file needs to be edited to include the following schema at the top of the file, immediately following the line, “include /etc/openldap/schema/core.schema”. Also the string my-domain to mydomain needs to be changed. You can either: − Copy the file from the system. root@pri-services:~# exit root@s11-host01:~# scp /opt/ora/course_files/ldap/slapd.conf /zones/pri-services/root/etc/openldap/ root@s11-host01:~# zlogin pri-services − Or, edit the file by using the vi editor. root@pri-services:~# vi /etc/openldap/slapd.conf
# # See slapd.conf(5) for details on configuration options. # This file should NOT be world readable. # include /etc/openldap/schema/core.schema include /etc/openldap/schema/cosine.schema include /etc/openldap/schema/duaconf.schema include /etc/openldap/schema/inetorgperson.schema include /etc/openldap/schema/nis.schema # Define global ACLs to disable default read access. # Do not enable referrals until AFTER you have a working directory Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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b.
pidfile argsfile # # # # #
/var/openldap/run/slapd.pid /var/openldap/run/slapd.args
Load dynamic backend modules: modulepath /usr/lib/amd64/openldap moduleload back_bdb.la moduleload back_hdb.la moduleload back_ldap.la
# Sample security restrictions # Require integrity protection (prevent hijacking) # Require 112-bit (3DES or better) encryption for updates # Require 63-bit encryption for simple bind # security ssf=1 update_ssf=112 simple_bind=64 # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
Sample access control policy: Root DSE: allow anyone to read it Subschema (sub)entry DSE: allow anyone to read it Other DSEs: Allow self write access Allow authenticated users read access Allow anonymous users to authenticate Directives needed to implement policy: access to dn.base="" by * read access to dn.base="cn=Subschema" by * read access to * by self write by users read by anonymous auth if no access controls are present, the default policy allows anyone and everyone to read anything but restricts updates to rootdn. (e.g., "access to * by * read") rootdn can always read and write EVERYTHING!
################################################################ ####### # BDB database definitions Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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# service AND an understanding of referrals. #referral ldap://root.openldap.org
database bdb suffix "dc=mydomain,dc=com" rootdn "cn=Manager,dc=mydomain,dc=com" # Cleartext passwords, especially for the rootdn, should # be avoid. See slappasswd(8) and slapd.conf(5) for details. # Use of strong authentication encouraged. rootpw secret # The database directory MUST exist prior to running slapd AND # should only be accessible by the slapd and slap tools. # Mode 700 recommended. directory /var/openldap/openldap-data # Indices to maintain index objectClass eq :wq A directory schema specifies, among other rules, the types of objects that a directory may have and the mandatory and optional attributes of each object type. f.
Change the ownership of the openldap directory to the default LDAP user, openldap. root@pri-services:~# chown -R openldap:openldap /var/openldap
g.
Enable the LDAP server. root@pri-services:~# svcadm enable ldap/server root@pri-services:~# svcs ldap/server STATE STIME FMRI online 11:18:57 svc:/network/ldap/server:openldap_24
h.
The LDAP Data Interchange Format (LDIF) file needs to be created. The LDIF file is a standard plain text data interchange format for representing LDAP directory content and update requests. This file contains the user information directory. You can either: − Copy the file from the host system. root@pri-services:~# exit root@s11-host01:~# scp /opt/ora/course_files/ldap/data.ldif /zones/pri-services/root/root/ root@s11-host01:~# zlogin pri-services − Or, create the file by using the vi editor. root@pri-services:~# vi /root/data.ldif dn: dc=mydomain,dc=com o: mydomain objectClass: dcObject dc: mydomain Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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################################################################ #######
dn: ou=profile,dc=mydomain,dc=com objectClass: organizationalUnit objectClass: top ou: profile dn: cn=default,ou=profile,dc=mydomain,dc=com objectClass: DUAConfigProfile cn: default defaultSearchBase: dc=mydomain,dc=com credentialLevel: anonymous authenticationMethod: none defaultSearchScope: sub profileTTL: 300 searchTimeLimit: 60 defaultServerList: 192.168.3.4 serviceSearchDescriptor: passwd: ou=users,dc=mydomain,dc=com serviceSearchDescriptor: shadow: ou=users,dc=mydomain,dc=com serviceSearchDescriptor: group: ou=groups,dc=mydomain,dc=com dn: ou=groups,dc=mydomain,dc=com objectClass: organizationalUnit ou: groups dn: cn=staff,ou=groups,dc=mydomain,dc=com gidNumber: 10 cn: staff objectClass: posixGroup objectClass: top dn: ou=users,dc=mydomain,dc=com objectClass: organizationalUnit objectClass: top ou: users dn: uid=scarter,ou=users,dc=mydomain,dc=com cn: Sam Carter sn: Carter givenName: Sam uid: scarter uidNumber: 1002 gidNumber: 10 Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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objectClass: organization
dn: uid=proxy,dc=mydomain,dc=com objectClass: account objectClass: simpleSecurityObject objectClass: top userPassword: oracle1 uid: proxy i. Add the ldap directory content to the data.ldif configuration file.
root@pri-services:~# ldapadd -D "cn=Manager,dc=mydomain,dc=com" -f /root/data.ldif Enter bind password: secret adding new entry dc=mydomain,dc=com adding new entry ou=profile,dc=mydomain,dc=com adding new entry cn=default,ou=profile,dc=mydomain,dc=com adding new entry ou=groups,dc=mydomain,dc=com adding new entry cn=staff,ou=groups,dc=mydomain,dc=com adding new entry ou=users,dc=mydomain,dc=com adding new entry uid=scarter,ou=users,dc=mydomain,dc=com adding new entry uid=proxy,dc=mydomain,dc=com
Observation: The LDAP server has been successfully created. Task 2/3 1. Configure the LDAP client. a. Switch to the zclient terminal. b. Create a home directory for the LDAP user scarter. Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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homeDirectory: /home/scarter loginShell: /bin/bash gecos: Normal User mail:
[email protected] shadowMax: 45 objectClass: top objectClass: person objectClass: inetOrgPerson objectClass: organizationalPerson objectClass: posixAccount objectClass: shadowAccount userPassword: oracle1
c.
Add the user directory information marked in red to the /etc/auto_home file. This ensures that the home directory is auto-mounted. root@zclient:/export/home# vi /etc/auto_home # # Copyright 2005 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved. # Use is subject to license terms. # # ident "%Z%%M% %I% %E% SMI" # # Home directory map for automounter # oracle localhost:/export/home/oracle scarter localhost:/export/home/scarter +auto_home :wq
d.
Change to the root directory by using the cd command. root@zclient:/export/home# cd
e.
Set domainname to mydomain.com. root@zclient:~# domainname mydomain.com root@zclient:~# domainname > /etc/defaultdomain
f.
The LDAP client needs to be initialized by using the ldapclient command. The ldapclient command is used to set up LDAP clients in the Oracle Solaris system. ldapclient assumes that the server has already been configured with the appropriate client profiles. You can either: − Output the .txt file of the command and then copy-paste it in the zclient zone in the zclient terminal. root@zclient:~# exit root@s11-client:~# cat /opt/ora/course_files/ldap/ldapclientcommand-syntax.txt root@s11-client:~# zlogin zclient − Or, type out the command manually. root@zclient:~# ldapclient -v manual -a credentialLevel=proxy -a authenticationMethod=simple -a proxyDN=uid=proxy,dc=mydomain,dc=com -a proxyPassword=oracle1 -a defaultServerList=192.168.3.4 -a defaultSearchBase=dc=mydomain,dc=com -a serviceSearchDescriptor=passwd:ou=users,dc=mydomain,dc=com?one a serviceSearchDescriptor=group:ou=groups,dc=mydomain,dc=com?one Parsing credentialLevel=proxy Parsing authenticationMethod=simple Parsing proxyDN=uid=proxy,dc=mydomain,dc=com Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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root@zclient:~# cd /export/home root@zclient:/export/home# mkdir scarter
Observation: The LDAP client has been successfully configured. Task 3/3 1. Verify LDAP client communication with the LDAP server. The next task is to set the search criteria for user authentication. This enables the LDAP client to query the LDAP server. a. Check the LDAP client service status. If the service is in the maintenance mode, disable and enable the service again. root@zclient:~# svcadm disable ldap/client root@zclient:~# svcadm enable ldap/client root@zclient:~# svcs ldap/client online 17:19:06 svc:/network/ldap/client:default
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Parsing proxyPassword=oracle1 Parsing defaultServerList=192.168.3.4 Parsing defaultSearchBase=dc=mydomain,dc=com Parsing serviceSearchDescriptor=passwd:ou=users,dc=mydomain,dc=com?one Parsing serviceSearchDescriptor=group:ou=groups,dc=mydomain,dc=com?one Arguments parsed: authenticationMethod: simple defaultSearchBase: dc=mydomain,dc=com credentialLevel: proxy proxyDN: uid=proxy,dc=mydomain,dc=com serviceSearchDescriptor: arg[0]: passwd:ou=users,dc=mydomain,dc=com?one arg[1]: group:ou=groups,dc=mydomain,dc=com?one proxyPassword: oracle1 defaultServerList: 192.168.3.4 …. …. Validate service properties for: svc:/system/nameservice/cache successful import. import successful start: sleep 100000 microseconds start: system/name-service/cache:default... success start: sleep 100000 microseconds start: network/smtp:sendmail... success restart: sleep 100000 microseconds restart: milestone/name-services:default... success System successfully configured root@zclient:~#
Set the LDAP search host path by using the ldapsearch command. The ldapsearch utility connects with the LDAP server, binds, and performs a search using a filter. root@zclient:~# ldapsearch -h 192.168.3.4 -D 'cn=Manager,dc=mydomain,dc=com' -b 'dc=mydomain,dc=com' objectClass=* Enter bind password: secret version: 1 dn: dc=mydomain,dc=com o: mydomain objectClass: dcObject objectClass: organization dc: mydomain dn: ou=profile,dc=mydomain,dc=com objectClass: organizationalUnit objectClass: top ou: profile dn: cn=default,ou=profile,dc=mydomain,dc=com objectClass: DUAConfigProfile cn: default defaultSearchBase: dc=mydomain,dc=com credentialLevel: anonymous authenticationMethod: none defaultSearchScope: sub profileTTL: 300 searchTimeLimit: 60 defaultServerList: 192.168.3.4 serviceSearchDescriptor: passwd: ou=users,dc=mydomain,dc=com serviceSearchDescriptor: shadow: ou=users,dc=mydomain,dc=com serviceSearchDescriptor: group: ou=groups,dc=mydomain,dc=com dn: ou=groups,dc=mydomain,dc=com objectClass: organizationalUnit objectClass: top ou: groups dn: cn=staff,ou=groups,dc=mydomain,dc=com gidNumber: 10 cn: staff objectClass: posixGroup objectClass: top Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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b.
dn: uid=scarter,ou=users,dc=mydomain,dc=com cn: Sam Carter sn: Carter givenName: Sam uid: scarter uidNumber: 1002 gidNumber: 10 homeDirectory: /home/scarter loginShell: /bin/bash gecos: Normal User mail:
[email protected] shadowMax: 45 objectClass: top objectClass: person objectClass: inetOrgPerson objectClass: organizationalPerson objectClass: posixAccount objectClass: shadowAccount userPassword: oracle1 dn: uid=proxy,dc=mydomain,dc=com objectClass: account objectClass: simpleSecurityObject objectClass: top userPassword: oracle1 uid: proxy c.
Retrieve the LDAP user password information by using the getent command. This command helps a user get entries from LDAP databases. root@zclient:~# getent passwd root:x:0:0:Super-User:/root:/usr/bin/bash daemon:x:1:1::/: bin:x:2:2::/usr/bin: sys:x:3:3::/: adm:x:4:4:Admin:/var/adm: lp:x:71:8:Line Printer Admin:/: uucp:x:5:5:uucp Admin:/usr/lib/uucp: Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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dn: ou=users,dc=mydomain,dc=com objectClass: organizationalUnit objectClass: top ou: users
The information about the LDAP user, scarter, is coming from the LDAP server. d.
Identify the LDAP user group by using the getent command. root@zclient:~# getent group root::0: other::1:root bin::2:root,daemon sys::3:root,bin,adm adm::4:root,daemon uucp::5:root mail::6:root tty::7:root,adm lp::8:root,adm nuucp::9:root staff::10: daemon::12:root sysadmin::14: Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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nuucp:x:9:9:uucp Admin:/var/spool/uucppublic:/usr/lib/uucp/uucico dladm:x:15:65:Datalink Admin:/: netadm:x:16:65:Network Admin:/: netcfg:x:17:65:Network Configuration Admin:/: smmsp:x:25:25:SendMail Message Submission Program:/: gdm:x:50:50:GDM Reserved UID:/var/lib/gdm: zfssnap:x:51:12:ZFS Automatic Snapshots Reserved UID:/:/usr/bin/pfsh upnp:x:52:52:UPnP Server Reserved UID:/var/coherence:/bin/ksh xvm:x:60:60:xVM User:/: mysql:x:70:70:MySQL Reserved UID:/: openldap:x:75:75:OpenLDAP User:/: webservd:x:80:80:WebServer Reserved UID:/: postgres:x:90:90:PostgreSQL Reserved UID:/:/usr/bin/pfksh svctag:x:95:12:Service Tag UID:/: unknown:x:96:96:Unknown Remote UID:/: nobody:x:60001:60001:NFS Anonymous Access User:/: noaccess:x:60002:60002:No Access User:/: nobody4:x:65534:65534:SunOS 4.x NFS Anonymous Access User:/: ikeuser:x:67:12:IKE Admin:/: aiuser:x:61:61:AI User:/: pkg5srv:x:97:97:pkg(5) server UID:/: oracle:x:100:10:oracle:/export/home/oracle:/usr/bin/bash scarter:x:1002:10:Normal User:/home/scarter:/bin/bash
The LDAP user, scarter, belongs to the user group, staff. e.
List the naming information from the LDAP server, pri-services. root@zclient:~# ldaplist dn: ou=profile,dc=mydomain,dc=com dn: ou=groups,dc=mydomain,dc=com dn: ou=users,dc=mydomain,dc=com dn: uid=proxy,dc=mydomain,dc=com root@zclient:~# su - scarter Oracle Corporation SunOS 5.11 11.2 June 2014 -bash-4.1$ id uid=1002(scarter) gid=10(staff) -bash-4.1$ exit logout root@zclient:~# Observation: The naming information for the user, scarter, is coming from the LDAP server. This indicates that LDAP has been successfully configured.
Summary: Recall the schematic representation of the tasks that you set out to accomplish at the start of this lab. You have successfully configured ISC DHCP, DNS, and LDAP. In the next lab, you will secure the network by using IP Filter.
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games::20: smmsp::25: gdm::50: upnp::52: xvm::60: netadm::65: mysql::70: openldap::75: webservd::80: postgres::90: unknown::96: nobody::60001: noaccess::60002: nogroup::65534: aiuser::61: pkg5srv::97: staff::10:
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Practices for Lesson 5: Configuring Network Services Chapter 5 - Page 28
Chapter 6
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Practices for Lesson 6: Managing Network Resources Chapter 6 - Page 1
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Practices for Lesson 6: Managing Network Resources
Practices Overview Given that Murraya’s DNS, DHCP, and LDAP servers along with the web server would be highimpact systems, you need to regulate the network resources so that network processes can proceed without being interrupted or blocked. Network bandwidth is one such resource that needs to be regulated. The bandwidth limit can be applied either directly to a datalink, such as a VNIC, or to a user-defined flow. In this lab, you will perform the following practices: • Configure the bandwidth datalink property. •
Create flows to regulate bandwidth and priority properties.
Refer to the following table for IP addresses assigned to various resources. VMs
Zones
NIC
VNIC
appSwitch
gateSwitch
L3 VRRP
cloudSwitch
s11-server 192.168.0.100 s11-client
192.168.20.x zclient
192.168.0.111
192.168.10.11
s11-host01
zgateway1
192.168.0.112
priservices
192.168.10.22
192.168.1.2 192.168.3.2
192.168.0.113
secservices ws2 zapp2
192.168.10.100
192.168.1.4
192.168.10.100
192.168.3.6
zapp1 zgateway2
192.168.1.3
192.168.3.4
ws1
s11-host02
192.168.2.4
192.168.2.2 192.168.10.33
192.168.3.3
192.168.2.5
192.168.3.5 192.168.3.7 192.168.2.3
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Practices for Lesson 6: Overview
•
All tasks associated with the s11-server, s11-host01, and s11-host02 VMs are performed via secure (ssh) login from the s11-client VM.
•
You perform all tasks in the root role, unless mentioned otherwise. (Assume root privileges by using the su command and oracle1 as password.)
• •
Some command output or values may vary across systems. The font size of the output is reduced in a few places, to accommodate complete command output.
General Instructions: • • •
Ensure that you set a title to the terminal window for easier recognition. These terminal windows will be referenced by their titles in the labs. So follow the naming convention mentioned in the procedures. Keep the terminal windows open unless specifically asked to close. In case, you happen to shut down a specific terminal, you can re-establish the connection: o Open a new terminal window. o SSH to the host (global zone) by using the ssh oracle@s11- command and specifying oracle1 as password. o
Assume root privileges by using the su command and oracle1 as password.
•
There will be occasions where you will use the shutdown command to shut down the nonglobal zones. In case, your terminal hangs while shutting down, open a new terminal and re-establish the connection as mentioned in the previous step.
•
In case, a zone is not running, boot the zone first by using the zoneadm –z boot command. Then log in to the zone by using the zlogin command.
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Assumptions: • The s11-server, s11-client, s11-host01, and s11-host02 VMs are running.
Overview The three VNICs created over stub1 have a maximum bandwidth of 40000 MB. At any given time, any one zone over these VNICs could consume the entire bandwidth, crowding out the other channels. It would, therefore, be prudent to assign a fixed quota of bandwidth to each of these VNICs depending on the load-bearing capacity. Regulate bandwidth among the three VNICs as follows: vnic2=20000, vnic4=10000, and vnic6=10000.
s11-client
s11-host01
pri-services
192.168.0.111
DHCP server DNS server LDAP server
sec-services
192.168.0.112
192.168.3.4
192.168.3.5
ws1
192.168.10.100
192.168.10.22 192.168.3.2 192.168.1.3 192.168.2.4
stub02 zapp1
zgateway1 192.168.10.11 192.168.1.2
ws2
10000 MB
stub01
zclient
192.168.0.113 192.168.3.7
192.168.3.6
10000 MB
s11-host02
zgateway2
zapp2
192.168.3.3 192.168.10.33 192.168.1.4 198.168.2.5
192.168.2.3
192.168.2.2
192.168.10.100
appSwitch (192.168.2.x) gateSwitch(192.168.1.x)
IPMP
IPMP
IPS Repository EVS Controller EVS Manager
Virtual Box
s11-server 192.168.0.100
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
In this practice, you will configure the bandwidth datalink property.
Task 1/1 1.
Configure the bandwidth datalink property. a. From the s11-client desktop, open a terminal window and set the title of the window as s11-host01. b. Establish a secure remote connection with the s11-host01 VM by using ssh. oracle@s11-client:~$ ssh oracle@s11-host01 Password: oracle1 Last login: Wed Oct 8 07:54:59 2014 from 192.168.0.111 Oracle Corporation SunOS 5.11 11.2 June 2014 c. Switch to the root role by using the su command. Password is oracle1. oracle@s11-host01:~$ su Password: oracle1 root@s11-host01:~# d. Display VNIC information on the host. Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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Host: Oracle Solaris 10
20000 MB
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Practice 6-1: Configure the Bandwidth Datalink Property
dladm show-vnic OVER stub1 stub1 stub1 stub1 stub1 stub1 evs-vxlan200
SPEED 40000 40000 40000 40000 40000 40000 1000
MACADDRESS MACADDRTYPE VIDS 2:8:20:7c:5d:28 random 0 2:8:20:7c:5d:28 random 0 2:8:20:49:31:3c random 0 2:8:20:49:31:3c random 0 2:8:20:83:3f:46 random 0 2:8:20:83:3f:46 random 0 2:8:20:a6:a7:b7 fixed 0
Observe that vnic2, vnic4, and vnic6 have 40000 MB speed. e. Now, display the maxbw property of the links. root@s11-host01:~# LINK net1 zgateway1/net1 net2 zgateway1/net2 net0 net3 stub1 vnic2 zgateway1/vnic2 vnic4 pri-services/vnic4 vnic6 ws1/vnic6 evs-vxlan200 zapp1/net1
dladm show-linkprop PROPERTY PERM VALUE maxbw rw -maxbw rw -maxbw rw -maxbw rw -maxbw rw -maxbw rw -maxbw rw -maxbw rw -maxbw rw -maxbw rw -maxbw rw -maxbw rw -maxbw rw -maxbw rw -maxbw rw --
-p maxbw EFFECTIVE ----------------
DEFAULT ----------------
POSSIBLE ----------------
The maxbw value under Property indicates that the current bandwidth allocation on the etherstub-based VNICs is set to maximum. That would be 40000 MB. This implies that at any given time, any one of the VNICs can possibly consume all of the 40000 MB, depriving the other VNICs. Considering the traffic-bearing capacity of each of the VNICs, you can regulate the bandwidth accordingly. f.
Regulate bandwidth among the three VNICs as follows: vnic2=20000, vnic4=10000, and vnic6=10000. root@s11-host01:~# dladm set-linkprop -p maxbw=20000 zgateway1/vnic2 root@s11-host01:~# dladm set-linkprop -p maxbw=10000 priservices/vnic4 root@s11-host01:~# dladm set-linkprop -p maxbw=10000 ws1/vnic6
g. Now, display details about the datalink properties. root@s11-host01:~# dladm show-linkprop -p maxbw Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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root@s11-host01:~# LINK vnic2 zgateway1/vnic2 vnic4 pri-services/vnic4 vnic6 ws1/vnic6 zapp1/net1
PROPERTY maxbw maxbw maxbw maxbw maxbw maxbw maxbw maxbw maxbw maxbw maxbw maxbw maxbw maxbw maxbw
PERM rw rw rw rw rw rw rw rw rw rw rw rw rw rw rw
VALUE -------20000 20000 10000 10000 10000 10000 ---
EFFECTIVE -------20000 20000 10000 10000 10000 10000 ---
DEFAULT ----------------
POSSIBLE ----------------
Observation: The bandwidth for the VNICs has been altered to ensure that none of the three VNICs exclusively exhaust the entire bandwidth. Each VNIC now has access to a certain allotment of bandwidth for bearing traffic. Note: You will not be able to set the other datalink properties, such as CPU, pool, txring and rxring. There is a hardware dependency, which will not allow you to regulate these properties in a VBox environment.
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LINK net1 zgateway1/net1 net2 zgateway1/net2 net0 net3 stub1 vnic2 zgateway1/vnic2 vnic4 pri-services/vnic4 vnic6 ws1/vnic6 evs-vxlan200 zapp1/net1
Overview The zgateway1 zone functions as the gateway for SSH and HTTP request–response traffic to and from pri-services and ws1 zones, respectively. The network traffic to ws1 is higher but is not time sensitive. Whereas, the network traffic to pri-services is low and time sensitive. Therefore, to process network traffic faster for pri-services, you need to limit the bandwidth allocated to the network traffic for ws1. If the bandwidth allocated for ws1 is not limited, it could potentially use up all the available bandwidth leading to a denial of bandwidth to priservices.
Host: Oracle Solaris 10 s11-client
s11-host01
pri-services
192.168.0.111
DHCP server DNS server LDAP server
sec-services
192.168.0.112
192.168.3.4
192.168.3.5
ws1
192.168.10.100
stub02 zapp1
zgateway1 192.168.10.11 192.168.1.2
ws2
f-http maxbw=7000 MB
stub01
zclient
192.168.0.113 192.168.3.7
192.168.3.6
f-ssh priority=high
s11-host02
192.168.2.2
192.168.10.22 192.168.3.2 192.168.1.3 192.168.2.4
192.168.10.100
zgateway2
zapp2
192.168.3.3 192.168.10.33 192.168.1.4 198.168.2.5
192.168.2.3
appSwitch (192.168.2.x) gateSwitch(192.168.1.x)
IPMP
IPMP
IPS Repository EVS Controller EVS Manager
Virtual Box
s11-server 192.168.0.100
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Tasks In this practice, you will create flows to regulate bandwidth and priority. Task 1/1 1. Create flows to regulate bandwidth and priority. a. Switch to the zgateway1 terminal. b. Create a flow called f-http for the HTTP traffic to ws1 (192.168.3.6). The traffic here is higher but not time sensitive. root@zgateway1:~# flowadm add-flow -l vnic2 -a transport=tcp,local_ip=192.168.3.2,remote_ip=192.168.3.6,local_p ort=80 f-http c.
Create a flow called f-ssh for the SSH traffic to pri-services (192.168.3.4). The traffic here is low but time sensitive. Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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Practice 6-2: Create Flows to Regulate Bandwidth and Priority Properties
d.
Verify that the flows have been created. root@zgateway1:~# flowadm show-flow FLOW LINK PROTO LADDR LPORT RADDR RPORT DSFLD f-http vnic2 tcp 192.168.3.2 80 192.168.3.6 --f-ssh vnic2 tcp 192.168.3.2 22 ----
e.
Display flow properties. root@zgateway1:~# flowadm show-flowprop FLOW PROPERTY PERM VALUE DEFAULT f-http maxbw rw --f-http priority rw medium medium f-http hwflow roff -f-ssh maxbw rw --f-ssh priority rw medium medium f-ssh hwflow roff --
f.
POSSIBLE -low,medium,high on,off -low,medium,high on,off
Now, set the bandwidth property on the f-http flow to a maximum of 7000 MB. root@zgateway1:~# flowadm set-flowprop -p maxbw=7000 f-http
g.
Set the priority property for the f-ssh flow to high. root@zgateway1:~# flowadm set-flowprop -p priority=high f-ssh
h.
Verify the properties you just set on the flows. root@zgateway1:~# flowadm FLOW PROPERTY PERM f-http maxbw rw f-http priority rw f-http hwflow rf-ssh maxbw rw f-ssh priority rw f-ssh hwflow r-
show-flowprop VALUE DEFAULT 7000 -medium medium off ---high medium off --
POSSIBLE -low,medium,high on,off -low,medium,high on,off
Summary: You have successfully configured the datalink and flow properties to ensure that bandwidth is judiciously used and traffic is prioritized based on the infrastructure requirements. In the next lab, you will implement the first level of security to the network by using IP Filter.
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root@zgateway1:~# flowadm add-flow -l vnic2 -a transport=tcp,local_ip=192.168.3.2,local_port=22 f-ssh
Chapter 7
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Practices for Lesson 7: Implementing Network Security Chapter 7 - Page 1
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Practices for Lesson 7: Implementing Network Security
Practices Overview Although a network can be secured in many ways and at many levels, firewall is one of the primary mechanisms, and also a robust one. A general implementation of the firewall is to close the internal network from the outside world. Then, based on requirements, the internal network and its resources can be allowed access from the external network and vice versa. Note: Certain limitations in the VBox environment will not allow you to implement link protection in the virtual network. You will, therefore, deploy only IP Filter in this lab. Below is the schematic representation of the setup you will build and test in this lab: Host: Oracle Solaris 10 s11-client
s11-host01
pri-services
192.168.0.111
DHCP server DNS server LDAP server
f-http maxbw=7000 MB
stub02 zapp1
zgateway1 192.168.10.100
ws2 192.168.3.7
192.168.3.6
stub01
zclient
192.168.0.113
192.168.3.5
ws1
f-ssh priority=high
192.168.10.11 192.168.1.2
s11-host02
sec-services
192.168.0.112
192.168.3.4
192.168.2.2
192.168.10.22 192.168.3.2 192.168.1.3 192.168.2.4
192.168.10.100
zgateway2
zapp2
192.168.3.3 192.168.10.33 192.168.1.4 198.168.2.5
192.168.2.3
appSwitch (192.168.2.x) gateSwitch(192.168.1.x)
IPMP
IPMP
IPS Repository EVS Controller EVS Manager
Virtual Box
s11-server 192.168.0.100
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Refer to the following table for IP addresses assigned to various resources. VMs
Zones
NIC
VNIC
appSwitch
gateSwitch
L3 VRRP
cloudSwitch
s11-server 192.168.0.100 s11-client
192.168.20.x zclient
192.168.0.111
192.168.10.11
s11-host01
zgateway1
192.168.0.112
priservices
192.168.10.22
192.168.1.2 192.168.3.2
192.168.0.113
secservices ws2 zapp2
192.168.10.100
192.168.1.4
192.168.10.100
192.168.3.6
zapp1 s11-host02
192.168.1.3
192.168.3.4
ws1
zgateway2
192.168.2.4
192.168.2.2 192.168.10.33
192.168.3.3
192.168.2.5
192.168.3.5 192.168.3.7 192.168.2.3 Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Practices for Lesson 7: Implementing Network Security Chapter 7 - Page 2
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Practices for Lesson 7: Overview
•
You perform all tasks in the root role, unless mentioned otherwise. (Assume root privileges by using the su command and oracle1 as password.)
• •
Some command output or values may vary across systems. The font size of the output is reduced in a few places, to accommodate complete command output.
General Instructions: • • •
Ensure that you set a title to the terminal window for easier recognition. These terminal windows will be referenced by their titles in the labs. So follow the naming convention mentioned in the procedures. Keep the terminal windows open unless specifically asked to close. In case, you happen to shut down a specific terminal, you can re-establish the connection: o Open a new terminal window. o SSH to the host (global zone) by using the ssh oracle@s11- command and specifying oracle1 as password. o
•
•
Assume root privileges by using the su command and oracle1 as password.
There will be occasions where you will use the shutdown command to shut down the nonglobal zones. In case, your terminal hangs while shutting down, open a new terminal and re-establish the connection as mentioned in the previous step. In case, a zone is not running, boot the zone first by using the zoneadm –z boot command. Then log in to the zone by using the zlogin command.
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Assumptions: • The s11-server, s11-client, s11-host01, and s11-host02 VMs are running. • All tasks associated with the s11-server, s11-host01, and s11-host02 VMs are performed via secure (ssh) login from the s11-client VM.
Overview The zgateway1 zone, being the gateway to the external network, is the most crucial zone in the box. It is, therefore, a good practice to initially block all access to the internal network and its resources. Then, use a need-based approach to open up the services one by one, while the rest of the network continues to remain inaccessible to the outside world. In this practice, you will perform the following tasks: 1. Check the network services that are running. 2. Block all client requests to the zgateway1 zone. 3. 4. 5.
Allow ping and ssh communication. Allow host name resolution. Allow LDAP server access.
Task 1/5 1.
Check the network services that are running. Before configuring IP Filter, check whether all the network services are accessible from the zclient zone. a. Switch to the zclient terminal and verify that DNS lookup is taking place by running the nslookup command for the zgateway1 zone. root@zclient:~# nslookup zgateway1 Server: 192.168.3.4 Address: 192.168.3.4#53 Name: zgateway1.mydomain.com Address: 192.168.3.2 Name: zgateway1.mydomain.com Address: 192.168.10.22 b.
Check the LDAP client service status. If the service is in the maintenance mode, disable and enable the service again. root@zclient:~# svcadm disable ldap/client root@zclient:~# svcadm enable ldap/client root@zclient:~# svcs -a | grep ldap/client online 17:19:06 svc:/network/ldap/client:default
c.
Verify that the LDAP server is operational. root@zclient:~# getent passwd root:x:0:0:Super-User:/root:/usr/bin/bash daemon:x:1:1::/: bin:x:2:2::/usr/bin: sys:x:3:3::/: adm:x:4:4:Admin:/var/adm: Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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Practice 7-1: Configure IP Filter to Secure the Network
User scarter is being fetched from the LDAP server. d.
Verify that the Apache web server is accessible. root@zclient:~# wget http://192.168.10.100:80 --2014-09-22 17:50:27-- http://192.168.10.100/ Connecting to 192.168.10.100:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 17 [text/html] Saving to: ‘index.html.2’ 100%[======================================>] 17 K/s in 0s
--.-
2014-09-22 17:50:27 (1.55 MB/s) - ‘index.html.2’ saved [17/17] root@zclient:~# cat index.html.2 WS1 responding… Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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lp:x:71:8:Line Printer Admin:/: uucp:x:5:5:uucp Admin:/usr/lib/uucp: nuucp:x:9:9:uucp Admin:/var/spool/uucppublic:/usr/lib/uucp/uucico dladm:x:15:65:Datalink Admin:/: netadm:x:16:65:Network Admin:/: netcfg:x:17:65:Network Configuration Admin:/: smmsp:x:25:25:SendMail Message Submission Program:/: gdm:x:50:50:GDM Reserved UID:/var/lib/gdm: zfssnap:x:51:12:ZFS Automatic Snapshots Reserved UID:/:/usr/bin/pfsh upnp:x:52:52:UPnP Server Reserved UID:/var/coherence:/bin/ksh xvm:x:60:60:xVM User:/: mysql:x:70:70:MySQL Reserved UID:/: openldap:x:75:75:OpenLDAP User:/: webservd:x:80:80:WebServer Reserved UID:/: postgres:x:90:90:PostgreSQL Reserved UID:/:/usr/bin/pfksh svctag:x:95:12:Service Tag UID:/: unknown:x:96:96:Unknown Remote UID:/: nobody:x:60001:60001:NFS Anonymous Access User:/: noaccess:x:60002:60002:No Access User:/: nobody4:x:65534:65534:SunOS 4.x NFS Anonymous Access User:/: ikeuser:x:67:12:IKE Admin:/: aiuser:x:61:61:AI User:/: pkg5srv:x:97:97:pkg(5) server UID:/: oracle:x:100:10:oracle:/export/home/oracle:/usr/bin/bash scarter:x:1002:10:Normal User:/home/scarter:/bin/bash
The Apache web server is responding too. Observation: At this stage, all network services are accessible from the zclient zone.
Task 2/5 2.
Block all client requests to the zgateway1 zone. Because zgateway1 is the access zone for all other zones in the box, you will configure IP Filter on the zgateway1 zone to block all client requests. Thereafter, you will discerningly edit the firewall rules to allow specific client requests. a. Switch to the zgateway1 terminal. b. Display IP address information on the zgateway1 zone. root@zgateway1:~# ADDROBJ lo0/v4 ipmp2/v4 ipmp2/v4a vnic2/v4 lo0/v6 c.
ipadm show-addr TYPE STATE static ok static ok vrrp ok static ok static ok
ADDR 127.0.0.1/8 192.168.10.22/24 192.168.10.100/24 192.168.3.2/24 ::1/128
Protecting the ipmp2 link is critical because it is the primary interface that connects the internal network with the external network. Create IP Filter rules by adding the line block in on ipmp2 all in the IP Filter configuration file, /etc/ipf/ipf.conf. root@zgateway1:~# vi /etc/ipf/ipf.conf # # ipf.conf # # IP Filter rules to be loaded during startup # # See ipf(4) manpage for more information on # IP Filter rules syntax. block in on ipmp2 all :wq
d.
Enable and confirm the IP Filter service status. root@zgateway1:~# svcs -a | grep ipfilter disabled Oct_01 svc:/network/ipfilter:default root@zgateway1:~# svcadm enable ipfilter root@zgateway1:~# svcs -a | grep ipfilter online 11:07:51 svc:/network/ipfilter:default
e.
Validate the IP Filter configuration file. root@zgateway:~# ipf -f /etc/ipf/ipf.conf 1:ioctl(add/insert rule): File exists Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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root@zclient:~#
Verify the assigned rules by using the ipfstat command. root@zgateway:~# ipfstat -io empty list for ipfilter(out) block in on ipmp2 all
g.
Now, switch to the zclient terminal and verify host name resolution is happening for zgateway1. root@zclient:~# ping zgateway1 ping: getaddrinfo: temporary name resolution failure ping: unknown host zgateway
h.
Verify if the DNS server is available. root@zclient:~# nslookup zgateway1 ;; connection timed out; no servers could be reached
i.
Verify if the LDAP server can be contacted. root@zclient:~# getent passwd root:x:0:0:Super-User:/root:/usr/bin/bash daemon:x:1:1::/: bin:x:2:2::/usr/bin: sys:x:3:3::/: adm:x:4:4:Admin:/var/adm: lp:x:71:8:Line Printer Admin:/: uucp:x:5:5:uucp Admin:/usr/lib/uucp: nuucp:x:9:9:uucp Admin:/var/spool/uucppublic:/usr/lib/uucp/uucico dladm:x:15:65:Datalink Admin:/: netadm:x:16:65:Network Admin:/: netcfg:x:17:65:Network Configuration Admin:/: smmsp:x:25:25:SendMail Message Submission Program:/: gdm:x:50:50:GDM Reserved UID:/var/lib/gdm: zfssnap:x:51:12:ZFS Automatic Snapshots Reserved UID:/:/usr/bin/pfsh upnp:x:52:52:UPnP Server Reserved UID:/var/coherence:/bin/ksh xvm:x:60:60:xVM User:/: mysql:x:70:70:MySQL Reserved UID:/: openldap:x:75:75:OpenLDAP User:/: webservd:x:80:80:WebServer Reserved UID:/: postgres:x:90:90:PostgreSQL Reserved UID:/:/usr/bin/pfksh svctag:x:95:12:Service Tag UID:/: unknown:x:96:96:Unknown Remote UID:/: nobody:x:60001:60001:NFS Anonymous Access User:/: noaccess:x:60002:60002:No Access User:/: nobody4:x:65534:65534:SunOS 4.x NFS Anonymous Access User:/: ikeuser:x:67:12:IKE Admin:/: Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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f.
The scarter user is not listed. j.
Check if the Apache web server is responding. root@zclient:~# wget 192.168.10.100:80 --2014-09-22 17:48:30-- http://192.168.10.100/ Connecting to 192.168.10.100:80... ^C root@zclient:~# If it takes very long to connect, or you notice a “connection timed out” message, it means that the web server is not reachable.
k.
Check whether a secure shell access to the zgateway1 zone is allowed. root@zclient:~# ssh
[email protected] ssh: connect to host 192.168.10.22 port 22: Connection timed out
Observation: None of the network services are available or reachable from the zclient zone now. This implies that the IP Filter rule (block in on ipmp0 all) is active on the zgateway1 zone. Task 3/5 3. Allow ping and ssh communication. Reconfigure the IP Filter rule to allow ping and ssh communication with the zgateway1 zone. a. Switch to the zgateway1 terminal. b. Run the ipfstat -io command to display the I/O statistics for IP Filter. root@zgateway1:~# ipfstat -io empty list for ipfilter(out) block in on ipmp0 all c. Run the ipfstat command to view the detailed statistics for IP Filter. root@zgateway1:~# ipfstat bad packets: in 0 out 0 IPv6 packets: in 0 out 0 input packets: blocked 4 passed 5 nomatch 5 counted 0 short 0 output packets: blocked 0 passed 85 nomatch 85 counted 0 short 0 input packets logged: blocked 0 passed 0 output packets logged: blocked 0 passed 0 packets logged: input 0 output 0 log failures: input 0 output 0 fragment state(in): kept 0 lost 0 not fragmented 0 Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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aiuser:x:61:61:AI User:/: pkg5srv:x:97:97:pkg(5) server UID:/: oracle:x:100:10:oracle:/export/home/oracle:/usr/bin/bash
d. Now, modify the firewall rules to allow ping and ssh communication. root@zgateway1:~# vi /etc/ipf/ipf.conf # # ipf.conf # # IP Filter rules to be loaded during startup # # See ipf(4) manpage for more information on # IP Filter rules syntax. block in on ipmp2 all # adding for ping and SSH pass in quick on ipmp2 proto ICMP from any to any keep state pass in quick on ipmp2 proto tcp from any to 192.168.10.2/24 port=22 keep state :wq e. Validate the IP Filter configuration file entries. root@zgateway1:~# ipf -f /etc/ipf/ipf.conf 9:ioctl(add/insert rule): File exists f.
Refresh the IP Filter firewall service. root@zgateway1:~# svcadm refresh ipfilter
g. Verify the status of the IP Filter rules by using the ipfstat –io command. root@zgateway1:~# ipfstat -io empty list for ipfilter(out) block in on ipmp2 all pass in quick on ipmp2 proto icmp from any to any keep state pass in quick on ipmp2 proto tcp from any to 192.168.10.0/24 port = ssh keep state Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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fragment reassembly(in): bad v6 hdr 0 bad v6 ehdr 0 failed reassembly 0 fragment state(out): kept 0 lost 0 not fragmented 0 packet state(in): kept 0 lost 0 packet state(out): kept 0 lost 0 ICMP replies: 0 TCP RSTs sent: 0 Invalid source(in): 0 Result cache hits(in): 0 (out): 0 IN Pullups succeeded: 0 failed: 0 OUT Pullups succeeded: 0 failed: 0 Fastroute successes: 0 failures: 0 TCP cksum fails(in): 0 (out): 0 IPF Ticks: 157 Packet log flags set: (0) none
Now, switch to the zclient terminal and verify that the IP addresses configured on the ipmp2 interface of the zgateway1 zone are reachable by using the ping command. root@zclient:~# ping 192.168.10.22 192.168.10.22 is alive root@zclient:~# ping 192.168.10.100 192.168.10.100 is alive
i.
Verify that the 192.168.10.22 (zgateway1) IP is accessible by using the ssh command. root@zclient:~# ssh
[email protected] The authenticity of host '192.168.10.22 (192.168.10.22)' can't be established. RSA key fingerprint is 4d:fa:a7:92:f7:db:5b:b1:e8:8a:d8:a0:67:46:8a:bc. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added '192.168.10.22' (RSA) to the list of known hosts. Password: oracle1 Last login: Wed Oct 8 09:52:34 2014 Oracle Corporation SunOS 5.11 11.2 June 2014 oracle@zgateway1:~$
j.
Exit zgateway1 and return to the zclient terminal. oracle@zgateway1:~$ exit root@zclient:~#
k.
Now ping the zgateway1 zone by using its host name. root@zclient:~# ping zgateway1 ping: getaddrinfo: temporary name resolution failure ping: unknown host zgateway1
Observation: While ping and ssh are now working, host name resolution is not available yet because the DNS port is still closed via the firewall.
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h.
root@zgateway1:~# vi /etc/ipf/ipf.conf # # ipf.conf # # IP Filter rules to be loaded during startup # # See ipf(4) manpage for more information on # IP Filter rules syntax. block in on ipmp2 all # adding for ping and SSH pass in quick on ipmp2 proto ICMP from any to any keep state pass in quick on ipmp2 proto tcp from any to 192.168.10.22/24 port=22 keep state # adding for DNS pass in log proto tcp from any to any port = 53 keep state pass in log proto udp from any to any port = 53 keep state :wq c.
Validate the configuration file. root@zgateway1:~# ipf -f /etc/ipf/ipf.conf 9:ioctl(add/insert rule): File exists 11:ioctl(add/insert rule): File exists 12:ioctl(add/insert rule): File exists
d.
Refresh the IP Filter service. root@zgateway1:~# svcadm refresh ipfilter
e.
Verify the IP Filter statistics by using the ipfstat command. root@zgateway1:~# ipfstat -io empty list for ipfilter(out) block in on ipmp2 all pass in quick on ipmp2 proto icmp from any to any keep state pass in quick on ipmp2 proto tcp from any to 192.168.10.0/24 port = ssh keep state pass in log proto tcp from any to any port = domain keep state pass in log proto udp from any to any port = domain keep state
f.
Now, switch to the zclient terminal and verify if host name resolution is operational. root@zclient:~# nslookup zgateway1 Server: 192.168.3.4 Address: 192.168.3.4#53 Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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Task 4/5 4. Allow host name resolution. Reconfigure the IP Filter rule to open the DNS port for host name resolution. a. Switch to the zgateway1 terminal. b. Modify the firewall rules to open the DNS port.
The DNS port has been opened. g.
Now, run the getent passwd command to query the LDAP server. root@zclient:~# getent passwd root:x:0:0:Super-User:/root:/usr/bin/bash daemon:x:1:1::/: bin:x:2:2::/usr/bin: sys:x:3:3::/: adm:x:4:4:Admin:/var/adm: lp:x:71:8:Line Printer Admin:/: uucp:x:5:5:uucp Admin:/usr/lib/uucp: nuucp:x:9:9:uucp Admin:/var/spool/uucppublic:/usr/lib/uucp/uucico dladm:x:15:65:Datalink Admin:/: netadm:x:16:65:Network Admin:/: … … nobody4:x:65534:65534:SunOS 4.x NFS Anonymous Access User:/: ikeuser:x:67:12:IKE Admin:/: aiuser:x:61:61:AI User:/: pkg5srv:x:97:97:pkg(5) server UID:/: oracle:x:100:10:oracle:/export/home/oracle:/usr/bin/bash The scarter user is still not listed.
Observation: While host name resolution is now happening, the LDAP server is still not reachable. Task 5/5 5. Allow LDAP server access. a. Switch to the zgateway1 terminal and edit the ipf.conf file to allow access to the LDAP server. root@zgateway1:~# vi /etc/ipf/ipf.conf # # ipf.conf # # IP Filter rules to be loaded during startup # # See ipf(4) manpage for more information on Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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Name: zgateway1.mydomain.com Address: 192.168.3.2 Name: zgateway1.mydomain.com Address: 192.168.10.22
b.
Validate the configuration file. root@zgateway1:~# ipf -f /etc/ipf/ipf.conf 9:ioctl(add/insert rule): File exists 10:ioctl(add/insert rule): File exists 13:ioctl(add/insert rule): File exists 14:ioctl(add/insert rule): File exists
c.
Refresh the IP Filter service. root@zgateway1:~# svcadm refresh ipfilter
d.
Check the IP Filter statistics. root@zgateway1:~# ipfstat -io empty list for ipfilter(out) block in on ipmp2 all pass in quick on ipmp2 proto icmp from any to any keep state pass in quick on ipmp2 proto tcp from any to 192.168.10.0/24 port = ssh keep state pass in log proto tcp from any to any port = domain keep state pass in log proto udp from any to any port = domain keep state pass in proto tcp from any to any port = ldap keep state
e.
Switch to the zclient terminal and restart the ldap/client service. root@zclient:~# svcadm restart ldap/client
f.
Enable the ldap/client service. root@zclient:~# svcadm enable ldap/client
g.
Run the getent passwd command to query the LDAP server. root@zclient:~# getent passwd root:x:0:0:Super-User:/root:/usr/bin/bash daemon:x:1:1::/: bin:x:2:2::/usr/bin: sys:x:3:3::/: adm:x:4:4:Admin:/var/adm: Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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# IP Filter rules syntax. block in on ipmp2 all # adding for ping and SSH pass in quick on ipmp2 proto ICMP from any to any keep state pass in quick on ipmp2 proto tcp from any to 192.168.10.2/24 port=22 keep state # adding for DNS pass in log proto tcp from any to any port = 53 keep state pass in log proto udp from any to any port = 53 keep state # adding for LDAP pass in proto tcp from any to any port = 389 keep state :wq
The scarter user is getting resolved by the LDAP server. Summary: You have successfully installed IP Filter on the zgateway1 zone and modified the firewall rules to allow selective client access to network services hosted on the s11host01 system. You can perform similar steps on the redundant zgateway2 zone to secure access to the s11-host02 resources.
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lp:x:71:8:Line Printer Admin:/: uucp:x:5:5:uucp Admin:/usr/lib/uucp: … … nuucp:x:9:9:uucp nobody:x:60001:60001:NFS Anonymous Access User:/: noaccess:x:60002:60002:No Access User:/: nobody4:x:65534:65534:SunOS 4.x NFS Anonymous Access User:/: ikeuser:x:67:12:IKE Admin:/: aiuser:x:61:61:AI User:/: pkg5srv:x:97:97:pkg(5) server UID:/: oracle:x:100:10:oracle:/export/home/oracle:/usr/bin/bash scarter:x:1002:10:Normal User:/home/scarter:/bin/bash
Chapter 8
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Practices for Lesson 8: Integrating with OpenStack
Practices Overview With Oracle Solaris 11, OpenStack is bundled with the OS. The group package, pkg:/cloud/openstack installs all components of OpenStack. However, you will specifically use the Keystone and Neutron packages to configure Neutron in this lab. Note: The entire OpenStack configuration is beyond the scope of this course. This lab is meant to expose you to the Neutron component of OpenStack and appreciate its role in configuring cloud-ready EVS switches that can be assigned to Nova compute instances, in case Nova should also be configured. Also note that Horizon is not configured in this lab because of dependencies with other OpenStack components. The Horizon dashboard is a graphic interface that allows you to manage OpenStack components. You can manage your Neutron entities through Horizon. In this lab, you will configure Neutron. The following is the schematic representation of the setup you will build and test in this lab: Host: Oracle Solaris 10 s11-client
s11-host01
pri-services
192.168.0.111
DHCP server DNS server LDAP server
O
192.168.3.6
192.168.10.100
stub02 zapp1
zgateway1 zclient
ws2 192.168.3.7
f-http maxbw=7000 MB
stub01
192.168.10.11 192.168.1.2
192.168.0.113
192.168.3.5
ws1
f-ssh priority=high
s11-host02
sec-services
192.168.0.112
192.168.3.4
192.168.2.2
192.168.10.22 192.168.3.2 192.168.1.3 192.168.2.4
192.168.10.100
zgateway2
zapp2
192.168.3.3 192.168.10.33 192.168.1.4 198.168.2.5
192.168.2.3
appSwitch (192.168.2.x) gateSwitch(192.168.1.x)
IPMP
IPMP
IPS Repository EVS Controller EVS Manager
s11-server 192.168.0.100
cloudSwitch (192.168.20.x) Keystone Neutron
Virtual Box
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Practices for Lesson 8: Overview
VMs
Zones
NIC
VNIC
appSwitch
gateSwitch
L3 VRRP
cloudSwitch
s11-server 192.168.0.100 s11-client
192.168.20.x zclient
192.168.0.111
192.168.10.11
s11-host01
zgateway1
192.168.0.112
priservices
192.168.10.22
192.168.1.2 192.168.3.2
192.168.0.113
secservices ws2 zapp2
192.168.10.100
192.168.1.4
192.168.10.100
192.168.3.6
zapp1 zgateway2
192.168.1.3
192.168.3.4
ws1
s11-host02
192.168.2.4
192.168.2.2 192.168.10.33
192.168.3.3
192.168.2.5
192.168.3.5 192.168.3.7 192.168.2.3
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Refer to the following table for IP addresses assigned to various resources.
•
All tasks associated with the s11-server, s11-host01, and s11-host02 VMs are performed via secure (ssh) login from the s11-client VM.
•
You perform all tasks in the root role, unless mentioned otherwise. (Assume root privileges by using the su command and oracle1 as password.)
• •
Some command output or values may vary across systems. The font size of the output is reduced in a few places, to accommodate complete command output.
General Instructions: • • •
Ensure that you set a title to the terminal window for easier recognition. These terminal windows will be referenced by their titles in the labs. So follow the naming convention mentioned in the procedures. Keep the terminal windows open unless specifically asked to close. In case, you happen to shut down a specific terminal, you can re-establish the connection: o Open a new terminal window. o SSH to the host (global zone) by using the ssh oracle@s11- command and specifying oracle1 as password. o
Assume root privileges by using the su command and oracle1 as password.
•
There will be occasions where you will use the shutdown command to shut down the nonglobal zones. In case, your terminal hangs while shutting down, open a new terminal and re-establish the connection as mentioned in the previous step.
•
In case, a zone is not running, boot the zone first by using the zoneadm –z boot command. Then log in to the zone by using the zlogin command.
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Assumptions: • The s11-server, s11-client, s11-host01, and s11-host02 VMs are running.
Overview Recall that in an earlier lab, you have already configured the EVS setup. That EVS setup you built was for isolating nonglobal zones across hosts. Now, consider scaling up a similar setup for the cloud. Oracle Solaris 11 integrates with OpenStack to allow you to set up your infrastructure on the cloud. You can interface with the Neutron component of OpenStack by using EVS as a backbone. In this lab, you will work only with the Neutron component. However, the same setup that you will build and test in this lab can be performed through the Horizon dashboard, where you can assign Nova instances in the Glance database to the EVS switches created using Neutron. Because that is beyond the scope of this course, you will work the Neutron component for now. As you complete the setup, you will appreciate the fact that your existing EVS setup is also exposed through Neutron for larger cloud deployment. In this practice, you will perform the following tasks: 1. Install the packages. 2. Authenticate with Keystone. 3. Configure the SSH keys for root, evsuser and neutron users. 4. Configure the EVS controller properties. 5. Create the cloudSwitch EVS.
Task 1/5 1.
Install the packages. There are multiple ways to install OpenStack. In this instance, you will perform a manual install of the required packages. Because the s11-server system has already been configured as an EVS controller, later in the procedure, make note of the steps that you can skip. If you were to configure Neutron on a new system, then you will need to perform all the steps listed here. a. Switch to the s11-server terminal. b. Install the openstack, rabbitmq, and rad-evs-controller packages. root@s11-server:~# pkg install openstack rabbitmq rad-evscontroller Packages to install: 178 Services to change: 3 Create boot environment: No Create backup boot environment: Yes DOWNLOAD PKGS FILES XFER (MB) SPEED Completed 178/178 23165/23165 116.2/116.2 799k/s PHASE Installing new actions Updating package state database
ITEMS 26486/26486 Done
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Practice 8-1: Configure Neutron
c.
package cache image state fast lookup database package cache
0/0 Done Done 1/1
Restart the rad:local service. root@s11-server:~# svcadm restart rad:local
d.
Enable the rabbitmq service. root@s11-server:~# svcadm enable rabbitmq RabbitMQ provides support for the Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP), which is used for communication between all OpenStack services. Generally, a single node in the cloud is configured to run RabbitMQ.
Task 2/5 2. Authenticate with Keystone. The Keystone component of OpenStack is the authentication module. a. Customize the Keystone configuration, by editing the keystone.conf file. In the file, go to the specific sections and either uncomment the following entries or provide values as specified. root@s11-server:~# vi /etc/keystone/keystone.conf [DEFAULT] admin_token=ADMIN [identity] driver=keystone.identity.backends.sql.Identity [token] provider=keystone.token.providers.uuid.Provider [signing] token_format=UUID :wq Note: The keystone.conf fie is a very long file. Be careful not to edit out anything else in the file. Tip: To look for a specific entry in the file, you can use the search (/) option. Press / and enter the word you are looking for, and press Enter. The cursor will take you to the word that matches your search. You can repeat the same step for the next word. b.
Enable the keystone service. root@s11-server:~# svcadm enable -rs keystone root@s11-server:~# svcs keystone STATE STIME FMRI online 8:18:54 svc:/application/openstack/keystone:default
c. Populate the Keystone database. This can be done manually or by using the convenience script provided with the OpenStack bundle.
root@s11-server:~# /usr/demo/openstack/keystone/sample_data.sh Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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Updating Updating Creating Updating
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+-------------+---------------------------------------+ | Property | Value | +-------------+---------------------------------------+ | adminurl | http://localhost:$(admin_port)s/v2.0 | | id | fedef812340ce9779bbbae00ef4c713f | | internalurl | http://localhost:$(public_port)s/v2.0 | | publicurl | http://localhost:$(public_port)s/v2.0 | | region | RegionOne | | service_id | 3e573eeb029160968f3aff4752e11259 | +-------------+---------------------------------------+ +-------------+-----------------------------------------------------+ | Property | Value | +-------------+-----------------------------------------------------+ | adminurl | http://localhost:$(compute_port)s/v1.1/$(tenant_id)s | | id | b612e49fb6b2e0c1dbb0d7472e9ac7e3 | | internalurl | http://localhost:$(compute_port)s/v1.1/$(tenant_id)s | | publicurl | http://localhost:$(compute_port)s/v1.1/$(tenant_id)s | | region | RegionOne | | service_id | af8325d6214c46e29210c8692ea7b165 | +-------------+-----------------------------------------------------+ +-------------+----------------------------------------+ | Property | Value | +-------------+----------------------------------------+ | adminurl | http://localhost:8776/v1/$(tenant_id)s | | id | 1917ae199aa0eeb1a14698fe805dc174 | | internalurl | http://localhost:8776/v1/$(tenant_id)s | | publicurl | http://localhost:8776/v1/$(tenant_id)s | | region | RegionOne | | service_id | 31557c169cd145db9a6c8e51e5dfbcf3 | +-------------+----------------------------------------+ +-------------+----------------------------------+ | Property | Value | +-------------+----------------------------------+ | adminurl | http://localhost:9292 |
d.
Export the following global variables. root@s11-server:~# export SERVICE_ENDPOINT=http://localhost:35357/v2.0 root@s11-server:~# export SERVICE_TOKEN=ADMIN
e.
Check the user list for OpenStack components in the Keystone database. root@s11-server:~# keystone user-list Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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| id | d59a0a1e92dece5ac223d960fcc0ab56 | | internalurl | http://localhost:9292 | | publicurl | http://localhost:9292 | | region | RegionOne | | service_id | 4796b084f2cfe2cfe820fc0283d5d655 | +-------------+----------------------------------+ +-------------+--------------------------------------+ | Property | Value | +-------------+--------------------------------------+ | adminurl | http://localhost:8773/services/Admin | | id | e8fdb8fd7a36ceb2e768f7658379b7f9 | | internalurl | http://localhost:8773/services/Cloud | | publicurl | http://localhost:8773/services/Cloud | | region | RegionOne | | service_id | 2a42c304c72a417a8a4099e58d0893ed | +-------------+--------------------------------------+ +-------------+---------------------------------------------+ | Property | Value | +-------------+---------------------------------------------+ | adminurl | http://localhost:8080/v1 | | id | e384dddeec69ea0dbc52b15e93ded6b6 | | internalurl | http://localhost:8080/v1/AUTH_$(tenant_id)s | | publicurl | http://localhost:8080/v1/AUTH_$(tenant_id)s | | region | RegionOne | | service_id | 103fbece0a2e4b6198869436486ad922 | +-------------+---------------------------------------------+ +-------------+----------------------------------+ | Property | Value | +-------------+----------------------------------+ | adminurl | http://localhost:9696/ | | id | ce85dc1f180f6329f9e3c21f1496bc29 | | internalurl | http://localhost:9696/ | | publicurl | http://localhost:9696/ | | region | RegionOne | | service_id | caf09b8c3a73efb5c09693f48c389ef6 | +-------------+----------------------------------+
Task 3/5 3. Configure the SSH keys for root, evsuser, and neutron users. a.
Create the SSH public key for user, evsuser. root@s11-server:~# su - evsuser -c "ssh-keygen -N '' -f /var/user/evsuser/.ssh/id_rsa -t rsa" Generating public/private rsa key pair. Your identification has been saved in /var/user/evsuser/.ssh/id_rsa. Your public key has been saved in /var/user/evsuser/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. The key fingerprint is: 58:a9:2e:7e:ce:71:a1:49:a4:ac:08:c3:6c:53:76:d1 evsuser@s11server
b.
Create the SSH public key for user, neutron. root@s11-server:~# su - neutron -c "ssh-keygen -N '' -f /var/lib/neutron/.ssh/id_rsa -t rsa" Generating public/private rsa key pair. Created directory '/var/lib/neutron/.ssh'. Your identification has been saved in /var/lib/neutron/.ssh/id_rsa. Your public key has been saved in /var/lib/neutron/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. The key fingerprint is: 0c:bf:36:3e:17:80:08:5a:23:6c:c5:75:23:e3:74:35 neutron@s11server
c.
Append the public keys to the authorized_keys file for evsuser. root@s11-server:~# cat /var/user/evsuser/.ssh/id_rsa.pub /var/lib/neutron/.ssh/id_rsa.pub /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> /var/user/evsuser/.ssh/authorized_keys
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+----------------------------------+---------+---------+-------+ | id | name | enabled | email | +----------------------------------+---------+---------+-------+ | b5a99fc19e0a6787f033aaaa96ef88b2 | admin | True | | | 6d814f10dc066ae2db62d23b648ca75a | cinder | True | | | 877f67afbe5a4cb8ec65cf5c8a3ff55e | ec2 | True | | | 0a259f9203596a5bcd7ef4e05407d9fe | glance | True | | | b46637c20ec046f2c9ffc8c3a324fccc | neutron | True | | | da0a11518933ce83f55587d838cd1eb1 | nova | True | | | 4f8b72fc1ea3e627d72b8f702126e004 | swift | True | | +----------------------------------+---------+---------+-------+
For these accounts, verify that SSH connectivity is working correctly by using ssh to connect as evsuser@localhost. root@s11-server:~# su - evsuser -c "ssh evsuser@localhost whoami" The authenticity of host 'localhost (::1)' can't be established. RSA key fingerprint is bf:5d:9a:4b:60:e8:2f:6b:eb:46:ad:b3:4c:a6:df:22. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added 'localhost' (RSA) to the list of known hosts. evsuser root@s11-server:~# su - neutron -c "ssh evsuser@localhost whoami" The authenticity of host 'localhost (::1)' can't be established. RSA key fingerprint is bf:5d:9a:4b:60:e8:2f:6b:eb:46:ad:b3:4c:a6:df:22. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added 'localhost' (RSA) to the list of known hosts. evsuser root@s11-server:~# ssh evsuser@localhost whoami evsuser
Task 4/5 4. Configure the EVS controller properties. If you were to configure EVS on a new system, you would need to perform all the steps mentioned here. However, because you have already configured the EVS controller properties in an earlier lab, you can skip the following steps: root@s11-server:~# evsadm set-prop -p controller=ssh://evsuser@localhost root@s11-server:~# evsadm set-controlprop -p l2-type=vxlan root@s11-server:~# evsadm set-controlprop -p vxlan-range=200-300 root@s11-server:~# evsadm NAME TENANT STATUS VNIC IP HOST appSwitch sys-global busy -app_ipnet s11-host01,s11-host02 vport0 -used zapp1/net1 192.168.2.2/24 s11-host01 vport1 -used zapp2/net1 192.168.2.3/24 s11-host02 vport2 -used zgateway1/net4 192.168.2.4/24 s11host01 vport3 -used zgateway2/net3 192.168.2.5/24 s11host02 Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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d.
root@s11-server:~# evsadm set-controlprop -p uplink-port=net0 root@s11-server:~# evsadm show-controlprop PROPERTY PERM VALUE DEFAULT HOST l2-type rw vxlan vlan -uplink-port rw net0 --vlan-range rw ---vlan-range-avail r---vxlan-addr rw 192.168.0.0/24 0.0.0.0 -vxlan-ipvers rw v4 v4 -vxlan-mgroup rw 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 -vxlan-range rw 200-300 --vxlan-range-avail r202-300 ---
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a.
gateSwitch sys-global busy -gate_ipnet s11-client,s11-host01,s11-host02 vport0 -used zclient/net0 192.168.1.2/24 s11-client vport1 -used zgateway1/net0 192.168.1.3/24 s11host01 vport2 -used zgateway2/net0 192.168.1.4/24 s11host02 vport3 -free -192.168.1.5/24 -root@s11-server:~# evsadm show-prop PROPERTY PERM VALUE DEFAULT controller rw ssh://evsuser@localhost -root@s11-server:~# evsadm show-controlprop PROPERTY PERM VALUE DEFAULT HOST l2-type rw vxlan vlan -uplink-port rw ---vlan-range rw ---vlan-range-avail r---vxlan-addr rw 192.168.0.0/24 0.0.0.0 -vxlan-ipvers rw v4 v4 -vxlan-mgroup rw 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 -vxlan-range rw 200-300 --vxlan-range-avail r202-300 --The new cloudSwitch EVS that you are going to create through Neutron will be on a net0 uplink port. So set the controller property to the uplink port.
root@s11-server:~# vi /etc/neutron/neutron.conf auth_strategy=keystone rabbit_host=localhost auth_uri=http://127.0.0.1:5000/v2.0 identity_uri=http://127.0.0.1:35357 admin_tenant_name=service admin_user=neutron admin_password=neutron :wq b.
Also, edit the following neutron-specific files to set the address of the EVS controller by uncommenting the evs_controller=ssh://evsuser@localhost line. root@s11-server:~# vi /etc/neutron/dhcp_agent.ini evs_controller=ssh://evsuser@localhost root@s11-server:~# vi /etc/neutron/l3_agent.ini evs_controller=ssh://evsuser@localhost
c.
Enable the neutron services. root@s11-server:~# svcadm enable -rs neutron-server neutrondhcp-agent
d.
Export the following global variables you edited in the neutron.conf file. root@s11-server:~# export OS_AUTH_URL=http://localhost:5000/v2.0/ root@s11-server:~# export OS_PASSWORD=neutron root@s11-server:~# export OS_USERNAME=neutron root@s11-server:~# export OS_TENANT_NAME=service
e.
Display the EVS details with the neutron command. root@s11-server:~# neutron net-list +--------------------------------------+------------+----------------------------------------------------+ | id | name | subnets | +--------------------------------------+------------+----------------------------------------------------+ | 85aa1672-5769-11e4-a20c-bd72f1a7608c | appSwitch | b4b1a1b05769-11e4-a20d-bd72f1a7608c 192.168.2.0/24 | | 6ac855de-576a-11e4-a212-bd72f1a7608c | gateSwitch | a5e3b5fa576a-11e4-a213-bd72f1a7608c 192.168.1.0/24 | +--------------------------------------+------------+----------------------------------------------------+
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Task 5/5 5. Configure Neutron. a. Customize the Neutron component by either uncommenting or adding values to the neutron.conf files.
f.
Now create another switch called cloudSwich specifically for any Nova instances that you might create in the future. root@s11-server:~# neutron net-create cloudSwitch Created a new network: +--------------------------+-------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +--------------------------+-------------------------------------+ | admin_state_up | True | | id | 2ae0074a-580b-11e4-a6dbbd72f1a7608c | | name | cloudSwitch | | provider:network_type | vxlan | | provider:segmentation_id | 202 | | router:external | False | | shared | False | | status | ACTIVE | | subnets | | | tenant_id | 7512ae3c9133691de569987faefe2e0c | +--------------------------+-------------------------------------+
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Observe that the appSwitch and gateSwitch EVSs configured earlier with the evsadm command have been picked up in the statistics.
Display EVS details again with the neutron command. Know that you can also use the evsadm command. root@s11-server:~# neutron net-list +--------------------------------------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------+ | id | name | subnets | +--------------------------------------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------+ | 85aa1672-5769-11e4-a20c-bd72f1a7608c | appSwitch | b4b1a1b05769-11e4-a20d-bd72f1a7608c 192.168.2.0/24 | | 6ac855de-576a-11e4-a212-bd72f1a7608c | gateSwitch | a5e3b5fa576a-11e4-a213-bd72f1a7608c 192.168.1.0/24 | | 2ae0074a-580b-11e4-a6db-bd72f1a7608c | cloudSwitch | | +--------------------------------------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------+ Observe that cloudSwitch EVS now shows up in the list of configured EVSs. However, although appSwitch and gateSwitch show subnet details, cloudSwitch at this point has no subnet assigned to it.
h.
Display subnet details. root@s11-server:~# neutron subnet-list +--------------------------------------+------------+---------------+--------------------------------------------------+ | id | name | cidr | allocation_pools | +--------------------------------------+------------+---------------+--------------------------------------------------+ | b4b1a1b0-5769-11e4-a20d-bd72f1a7608c | app_ipnet | 192.168.2.0/24 | {"start": "192.168.2.2", "end": "192.168.2.254"} | | a5e3b5fa-576a-11e4-a213-bd72f1a7608c | gate_ipnet | 192.168.1.0/24 | {"start": "192.168.1.2", "end": "192.168.1.254"} | +--------------------------------------+------------+---------------+--------------------------------------------------+ root@s11-server:~# evsadm show-ipnet NAME TENANT SUBNET AVAILRANGE appSwitch/app_ipnet sys-global 192.168.2.0/24 192.168.2.6-192.168.2.254 gateSwitch/gate_ipnet sys-global 192.168.1.0/24 192.168.1.6-192.168.1.254
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DEFROUTER 192.168.2.1 192.168.1.1
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g.
i. Assign a subnet to the cloudSwitch EVS.
root@s11-server:~# neutron subnet-create --enable-dhcp=False -name cloudsubnet cloudSwitch 192.168.20.0/24 Created a new subnet: +------------------+---------------------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +------------------+---------------------------------------------------+ | allocation_pools | {"start": "192.168.20.2", "end": "192.168.20.254"} | | cidr | 192.168.20.0/24 | | dns_nameservers | | | enable_dhcp | False | | gateway_ip | 192.168.20.1 | | host_routes | | | id | fd2baca4-580b-11e4-a6dc-bd72f1a7608c | | ip_version | 4 | | name | cloudsubnet | | network_id | 2ae0074a-580b-11e4-a6db-bd72f1a7608c | | tenant_id | 7512ae3c9133691de569987faefe2e0c | +------------------+---------------------------------------------------+ j.
Verify using the neutron and evsadm commands. root@s11-server:~# neutron net-list +--------------------------------------+-------------+-----------------------------------------------------+ | id | name | subnets | +--------------------------------------+-------------+-----------------------------------------------------+ | 85aa1672-5769-11e4-a20c-bd72f1a7608c | appSwitch | b4b1a1b05769-11e4-a20d-bd72f1a7608c 192.168.2.0/24 | Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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Because there is no subnet for cloudSwitch yet, it does not appear in both the outputs.
Observe that the cloudSwitch EVS now appears with its subnet details just as the other two switches do. Summary: You have successfully configured the Neutron component of OpenStack. This is by no means a complete setup for the cloud. The EVS switch that you just created is now cloud ready. In the sense, that you could assign Nova instances to the cloudSwitch EVS just as you assigned the zapp1 and zapp2 nonglobal zones to the appSwitch EVS in your prototype earlier.
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| 6ac855de-576a-11e4-a212-bd72f1a7608c | gateSwitch | a5e3b5fa576a-11e4-a213-bd72f1a7608c 192.168.1.0/24 | | 2ae0074a-580b-11e4-a6db-bd72f1a7608c | cloudSwitch | fd2baca4580b-11e4-a6dc-bd72f1a7608c 192.168.20.0/24 | +--------------------------------------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------+ root@s11-server:~# evsadm show-ipnet NAME TENANT SUBNET DEFROUTER AVAILRANGE appSwitch/app_ipnet sys-global 192.168.2.0/24 192.168.2.1 192.168.2.6-192.168.2.254 gateSwitch/gate_ipnet sys-global 192.168.1.0/24 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.6-192.168.1.254 cloudSwitch/cloudsubnet 7512ae3c9133691de569987faefe2e0c 192.168.20.0/24 192.168.20.1 192.168.20.2-192.168.20.254
Chapter 9
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Practices for Lesson 9: Diagnosing Networking Issues
Practices Overview With your background knowledge about the Oracle Solaris 11 networking technology, you will attempt to resolve some cases in this lab. In this lab, you will perform the following tasks: • Address host name resolution failure • Address web server failure Assumptions: • The s11-server, s11-client, s11-host01, and s11-host02 VMs are running. • All tasks associated with the s11-server, s11-host01, and s11-host02 VMs are performed via secure (ssh) login from the s11-client VM. •
You perform all tasks in the root role, unless mentioned otherwise. (Assume root privileges by using the su command and oracle1 as password.)
•
Some command output or values may vary across systems.
•
The font size of the output is reduced in a few places, to accommodate complete command output.
General Instructions: • Ensure that you set a title to the terminal window for easier recognition. These terminal windows will be referenced by their titles in the labs. So follow the naming convention mentioned in the procedures. • Keep the terminal windows open unless specifically asked to close. • In case, you happen to shut down a specific terminal, you can re-establish the connection: o Open a new terminal window. o SSH to the host (global zone) by using the ssh oracle@s11- command and specifying oracle1 as password. o •
•
Assume root privileges by using the su command and oracle1 as password.
There will be occasions where you will use the shutdown command to shut down the nonglobal zones. In case, your terminal hangs while shutting down, open a new terminal and re-establish the connection as mentioned in the previous step. In case, a zone is not running, boot the zone first by using the zoneadm –z boot command. Then log in to the zone by using the zlogin command.
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Practices for Lesson 9: Overview
Overview Recall that you had successfully configured DNS on the pri-services zone. You also tested its validity from the zclient zone by pinging various resources. However, now during final testing, DNS host name resolution is again failing. You need to identify the root cause and address the gap. In this practice, you will address host name resolution failure. Task 1/1 1. Address host name resolution failure. The zclient zone is unable to resolve zgateway1. a. Switch to the zclient terminal and ping zgateway1. root@zclient:~# ping zgateway1 ^C root@zclient:~# This was working when you set up DNS earlier. b.
Verify if DNS lookup is happening. root@zclient:~# nslookup zgateway1 Server: 192.168.3.4 Address: 192.168.3.4#53 Name: zgateway1.mydomain.com Address: 192.168.3.2 Name: zgateway1.mydomain.com Address: 192.168.10.22 While nslookup is working, why is ping not getting resolved? Here is a clue: Recall that you configured LDAP after configuring DNS. While configuring the LDAP client, the LDAP configuration file overwrites the network services switch configuration file, /etc/nsswitch.conf. This removes the DNS entry from the /etc/nsswitch.conf file, which impacts DNS hostname resolution. Note that the /etc/nsswitch.conf file is used to configure services that are used for determining information such as host names, password files, and group files.
c.
Edit the /etc/nsswitch.conf file and modify the host’s entry to look up the DNS server. Add dns against hosts and ipnodes as marked in the following file: root@zclient:~# vi /etc/nsswitch.conf # # _AUTOGENERATED_FROM_SMF_V1_ # # WARNING: THIS FILE GENERATED FROM SMF DATA. Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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Practice 9-1: Address Host Name Resolution Failure
passwd: files ldap group: files ldap hosts: files ldap dns ipnodes: files networks: files protocols: files rpc: files ldap ethers: files ldap netmasks: files bootparams: files publickey: files netgroup: ldap automount: files aliases: files services: files
ldap dns ldap ldap
ldap ldap ldap ldap ldap ldap
:wq d.
Run the name service configuration command to import name service resolution content from the SMF service. root@zclient:~# nscfg import –f name-service/switch
e.
Ping zgateway1 to verify if host name resolution is taking place. root@zclient:~# ping zgateway1 zgateway1 is alive
f.
Verify that DNS lookup is also taking place. root@zclient:~# nslookup zgateway1 Server: 192.168.3.4 Address: 192.168.3.4#53 Name: zgateway1.mydomain.com Address: 192.168.3.2 Name: zgateway1.mydomain.com Address: 192.168.10.22
Observation: DNS service is now operational. zclient is able to resolve zgateway1.
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# DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE. EDITS WILL BE LOST. # See nsswitch.conf(4) for details.
Overview Recall that you had successfully configured DNS on the pri-services zone. You also tested its validity from the zclient zone by pinging various resources. However, now during final testing, DNS host name resolution is again failing. You need to identify the root cause and address the gap. In this practice, you will address web server failure. Task 1/1 1. Address web server failure. zclient is not receiving a response from the Apache web server. a. From the zclient terminal, check if the Apache web server configured over ws1 is responding. root@zclient:~# wget 192.168.10.100:80 --2014-09-22 17:48:30-- http://192.168.10.100/ Connecting to 192.168.10.100:80... ^C root@zclient:~# If it takes very long to connect, or you notice a “connection timed out” message, it means that the web server is not reachable. When you configured ILB earlier, Apache web server was responding to client requests. You tested load balancing over VRRP and it was operational then. Here is a clue: Recall that while setting up firewall rules in a previous lab, you blocked all network services. You created an IP Filter rule by adding the line block in on ipmp2 all in the IP Filter configuration file, /etc/ipf/ipf.conf. b.
Switch to the zgateway1 terminal and modify the configuration file to include the Apache web server’s entry. root@zgateway1:~# vi /etc/ipf/ipf.conf # # ipf.conf # # IP Filter rules to be loaded during startup # # See ipf(4) manpage for more information on # IP Filter rules syntax. block in on ipmp2 all # adding for ping and SSH pass in quick on ipmp2 proto ICMP from any to any keep state pass in quick on ipmp2 proto tcp from any to 192.168.10.2/24 port=22 keep state # adding for DNS pass in log proto tcp from any to any port = 53 keep state Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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Practice 9-2: Address Web Server Failure
c.
Validate the configuration file. root@zgateway1:~# ipf -f /etc/ipf/ipf.conf 9:ioctl(add/insert rule): File exists 10:ioctl(add/insert rule): File exists 13:ioctl(add/insert rule): File exists 14:ioctl(add/insert rule): File exists 16:ioctl(add/insert rule): File exists 18:ioctl(add/insert rule): File exists
d.
Refresh the IP Filter service. root@zgateway1:~# svcadm refresh ipfilter
e.
Check the IP Filter firewall statistics. root@zgateway1:~# ipfstat -io empty list for ipfilter(out) block in on ipmp2 all pass in quick on ipmp2 proto icmp from any to any keep state pass in quick on ipmp2 proto tcp from any to 192.168.10.0/24 port = ssh keep state pass in log proto tcp from any to any port = domain keep state pass in log proto udp from any to any port = domain keep state pass in proto tcp from any to any port = ldap keep state pass in proto tcp from any to any port = 80 keep state
f.
Now, switch to the zclient terminal and check if the Apache web server is reachable. root@zclient:~# wget http://192.168.10.100:80 --2014-09-22 17:50:27-- http://192.168.10.100/ Connecting to 192.168.10.100:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 17 [text/html] Saving to: ‘index.html.3’ 100%[======================================>] 17 K/s in 0s
--.-
2014-09-22 17:50:27 (1.55 MB/s) - ‘index.html.3’ saved [17/17] root@zclient:~# cat index.html.3 WS1 responding… Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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pass in log proto udp from any to any port = 53 keep state # ading for LDAP pass in proto tcp from any to any port = 389 keep state # adding for Web Server pass in proto tcp from any to any port = 80 keep state :wq
Observation: You have successfully unblocked port 80 and restored http request– response activities from the client. Summary: With this, you have successfully configured the prototype you set out to build and test. A glance at the topology diagram will indicate that you have been able to implement the setup in entirety, starting from the very first interface you plumbed on the zclient zone up until you integrated with the Neutron component of OpenStack.
Host: Oracle Solaris 10 s11-client
s11-host01
pri-services
192.168.0.111
DHCP server DNS server LDAP server
O
192.168.3.6
192.168.10.100
stub02 zapp1
zgateway1 zclient
ws2 192.168.3.7
f-http maxbw=7000 MB
stub01
192.168.10.11 192.168.1.2
192.168.0.113
192.168.3.5
ws1
f-ssh priority=high
s11-host02
sec-services
192.168.0.112
192.168.3.4
192.168.2.2
192.168.10.22 192.168.3.2 192.168.1.3 192.168.2.4
192.168.10.100
zgateway2
zapp2
192.168.3.3 192.168.10.33 192.168.1.4 198.168.2.5
192.168.2.3
appSwitch (192.168.2.x) gateSwitch(192.168.1.x)
IPMP
IPMP
IPS Repository EVS Controller EVS Manager
s11-server 192.168.0.100
cloudSwitch (192.168.20.x) Keystone Neutron
Virtual Box
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root@zclient:~#
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Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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