ORACLE PLSQL Procedural Language Structure Query Language
Part 1 : Part 2 :
PLSQL Course PLSQL practices and problems
Prepared By : Email : Mobile No :
Oracle Complete PLSQL Reference
Ashraf Omar Hussein
[email protected] +20101552319
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Part 1 :
PLSQL Course
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Why do you need PLSQL? PLSQL Block Structure Variables Types Anonymous Block Stored Procedure Parameter Control Structure 7.1 IF Condition 7.2 Case Expression 7.3 Loop 8. Cursor 9. Handle Exception 10. DataBase Trigger 11. Function 12. Package
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13. Q: What is PLSQL ? A: It is a procedural anguage Structure Query language Q: Why do you Need PLSQL Language ? 1
Bad peformance for the heavy network traffic
SQL
Applicat ion 1
SQL SQL
DATA BASE
SQL SQL SQL
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Cann’t write more than one SQL command at the same Time
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SQL commands are not depended to each other and Not executed in a specific order
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SQL command s are not saved in the DB server
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SQL Commands are not shared for all users
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SQL Commands cann’t handle user Error (Exception)
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SQL Commands are static NOT Dynamic
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SQL Commands are executed Manually not Automatically
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SQL Commands don’t use IF condition
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SQL Command don’t use LOOP statement
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SQl Command don’t use
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SQL Command don’t use Variable
Applicat ion 2
Q: What are the benefits of PLSQL ? 1
Improve Performance and reduce network traffic between client and server by agrouping sql statements together in one block and send it to the server in one call
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Portability: PlSQl is available on any kind of platform
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Modularize Programs: can contain nested Blocks
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Integration: it can be used as developer tools (in forms and reports)or as administration tools
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Q: How does PLSQL solve the problems of the SQL commands? 1
By creating a database Block
Q: What is a datablock Block ? 1
It is a dataase structure that contain one or more SQL commands
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Block require that all SQL Commands to be correct for the execution . if there is one SQL command is not Correct then the whole block with all SQL Commands will not be exeucted
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If you write more than one SQL statement you must separate them by using semi comma (;)
Q: what are the block types? 1 Anonymus Bock Not stored or saved in the DB server Not shared for all users Executed only once Created and executed during run time Cann’t accept parameter Has only one type 1. Anonymus Block
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Subprogram – Program Unit Stored or saved in the DB server Shared for all users Executed many times as user requests Created before the execution time Can Accept Parameter Has 3 types 1. Stored Procedure 2. Function 3. Package
Anonymous Block Structure
Declaration Part Optional
Body Mandatory
Exception Part Optional
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Q: What is a Variable? 1. Is a space located in the memory can be used For Impermanent storage of One an ONLY One Value 2. Variable can store value identified by the user himself OR value retrieved form the data base table Q: Why do you use a variable? 1- Temporary storage of data: 1.1 Data can be temporarily stored in one or more variables for use when validating data input and for processing later in the data flow process such as Login Window we store the user name and password For user to check for these two values if they are stored in the data base the user will be logined successfully and if they are not stored in the data base the user will not be able to login. 2. Manipulation of stored values: 2.1 Variables can be used for calculations and other data manipulations without accessing database. 2.2 store values for calculation and the result of these calculations will be displayed in the report 3- Reusability: 3.1 After they are declared, variables can be used repeatedly in an application simply by referencing them in other statements, including other declarative statements such as local variables and global variables. 4- Ease of maintenance: 4.1 declare new variable has the same data type of other variable 4.2 declare new variable has the same data type of data base column and when changing the value in the database this value will changed automatically in the variable such as create variable storing the max value in empno column to create application trigger to increment this value for the next record Q: How do you declare a variable? 1. You must declare a variable in the declaration part of the block 2. You can decalre more than one variable in the same block BUT you must 2.1 define each varibale in a separate line 2.2 end each varibale with a semi comma (;) 3. Each variable Must has [name, data type] mandatory, [null ability, default value] optional Q: what are the rules of the Variable name ? 1. Variable names are unique within the same block but variable name may be duplicated in other block 2. Length between 1-30 charater length 3. Must start with character NOT with number or special character BUT it may include numbers and special character inside the name or at the end 4. Variable name mustn’t be the same as column name within the data base 5. It is preferable to start variable name with V_ColumnName if it contain changeable value and start variable name with C_ColumnName if it contain Constant value 6. If you declare a variable contain constant value so the keyword CONSTANT must precede the data type of the variable 7. String literals must be enclosed in single quotation marks. For example , 'Hello, world'. If there is a single quotation mark in the string, use a single quotation mark twice, for example, to insert a value FISHERMAN'S DRIVE, the string would be 'FISHERMAN''S DRIVE '.
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Q: what are the rules when you Assign a value for the Variabe ? 1. It is good code to assign value for the variable because if you did not assign value then null will be inserted 2. To assign value for the variable you can use := or use DEFAULT as keyword 3. Variable value can be constant value or default value or expression 4. Assigning string value must be enclosed between single quotes But numeric value does not require single quotes 5. If you assign value for the variable in the declaration section and assign new value for the variable in the execution section the new value will replace the old value in the declaration part Q: What are the data types for the variables 1. Char(n) 2. Varcahr2(n) 3. Number(n) 4. Number(m,n) 5. Date 6. Binary_integer 7. Boolean 8. Long 9. Long raw
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Examples for decalring variables 1. Use user defined datatype Declare v_job v_location v_deptno v_total_sal v_mgr c_comm v_hire_date v_orderdate c_tax_rate v_valid
varchar2(20) varchar2(50) number(5) number(9,2) number(6) CONSTANT number(5) date date CONSTANT numebr(5,2) BOOLEAN
null null not null null
not null
; := 'cairo'; := 10 := 0; DEFAULT 100; DEFAULT 1400; := TO_CHAR('1998/08/16', 'yyyy/mm/dd'); := SYSDATE + 3; := 0.15; := TRUE;
2. Use TabeName.ColumnName%type Declare v_job emp.job%type ; v_location dept.dname%type := 'cairo' ; v_deptno dept.deptno%type not null := 10; v_total_sal emp.sal%type := 0; v_mgr emp.mgr%type DEFAULT 100; c_comm CONSTANT emp.comm%type := 1400; v_hire_date emp.hiredate%type := TO_CHAR('1998/08/16', 'yyyy/mm/dd'); 3. Use Variable%type Declare v_job emp.job%type ; v_location v_job%type := 'cairo' ; v_deptno dept.deptno%type not null := 10; v_total_sal v_deptno%type := 0; v_mgr v_deptno%type DEFAULT 100; c_comm CONSTANT emp.comm%type := 1400; v_hire_date emp.hiredate%type := TO_CHAR('1998/08/16', 'yyyy/mm/dd'); 4. Use TableName%rowtype 4.1 Decalre only one variable that store the value for all row in the table 4.2 you can print the whole row value or print a specific values only Declare Emp_Row Emp%RowType; begin DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE (Emp_Row.Empno); DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE (Emp_Row.Ename); DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE (Emp_Row.Salary); End;
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5. Use recod data type 5.1 create an object of record data type 5.2 create a variable based on that object type Declare TYPE emp_record_type IS RECORD (employee_id NUMBER(6) NOT NULL := 100, last_name employees.last_name%TYPE, job_id employees.job_id%TYPE); emp_record emp_record_type; 6. use table data type Declare Type Emp_Table is Table of EMP%RowType Index by binary integer; V_Emp Emp_table; DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE: 1. PRINT command. is DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE. DBMS_OUTPUT is Oracle-supplied package, and PUT_LINE is a procedure within that package. 2. Within a PL/SQL block, reference DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE and, in parentheses, specify the string that you want to print to the screen. The package must first be enabled in your SQL*Plus session. To do this, execute the SQL*Plus SQL> SET SERVEROUTPUT ON command.
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Anonymus Block Best Practices 1. How to write Insert Statement without Variables
2. How to write Insert Statement with Variables
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3. How to write Update Statement without Variables
4. How to write Update Statement with Variables
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5. How to write Delete Statement without Variables It is not possible to write the select statement without variables because varaibles are MANDATORY in this case . Because the syntax for the SELECT statement is differe from the normal SELECT stamtent written by SQL SELECT using SQL Syntac Select From table name Where Group by Having Order by Variables are decalred imlicitly by oracle Values are printed implicitly by oralce
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SELECT using PLSQL syntax Select INTO variabls ------- New From table name Where Group by Having Order by Variables are decalred Explicitly by Developer Values are printed Explicitly by Developer
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6. How to write Update Statement with Variables You must declare variables with the same number of the columns that you retrieve in your select statement 1. Decalre variables for each column you retrive in select statement 2. Select column into variable 3. Print value for the variable by using DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE 4. you must enable DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE first by running command 5. SQL> set serveroutput on ; 6. DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE is used to pring value for one variable only . 7. If you print values for more that one variable then you can use Concat function or write DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE more than one time for each varaible you want to pring
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7. How to write more that DML transactions within the anonymus block
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8. How to write more that DML transactions within the anonymus block
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9. Using Subsutitution Variable By using wild card &
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9.1 Using Subsutitution Variable By using wild card &
9.2 Using Subsutitution Variable By using wild card &
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9.3 Using Subsutitution Variable By using wild card &
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10 . Using ROW%TYPE as a datatype 1. it can be used when you retrieve all cloumns from the table 2. you can print all the values or just a specific values only
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11 . Using RECORD%TYPE as a datatype
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Subprogram = Program Unit 1. Stored Procedure Parameters are optional not mandatory
Declaration Part Optional Body Mandatory Declaration Part Optional
1. all Stored procedures created are stored in user_objects 2. source code is stored in user_source
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1.1 procedure without parameters
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1.1 procedure without parameters
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1.1 procedure without parameters
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1.1 procedure without parameters using TABLENAME%ROWTYPE as a datatype Using ROW%TYPE as a datatype 1. it can be used when you retrieve all cloumns from the table 2. you can print all the values or just a specific values only
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1.1 procedure without parameters using TABLENAME%ROWTYPE as a datatype Using ROW%TYPE as a datatype
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1.1 procedure without parameters using RECORD DATATYPE as a datatype Using RECORD DATATYPE as a datatype
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1.2 procedure with parameters Parameter type are 1. IN Parameter ---- Default type 2. OUT Parameter 3. IN OUT Parameter You can define more that one parameters in the same procedure All parameters are defined after the procedure name
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1.2 procedure with parameters -- IN parameter
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1.2 procedure with parameters -- IN parameter
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1.2 procedure with parameters -- IN parameter
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1.2 procedure with parameters -- IN parameter
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1.2 procedure with parameters -- IN parameter
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1.2 procedure with parameters -- IN parameter
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1.2 procedure with parameters -- IN parameter 1.2 procedure with parameters -- IN parameter
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1.2 procedure with parameters -- IN parameter
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1.2 procedure with parameters -- IN Parameter using TABLENAME%ROWTYPE as a datatype
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1.2 procedure with parameters -- IN Parameter using TABLENAME%ROWTYPE as a datatype
1.2 procedure with parameters -- IN Parameter using RECORD DATATYPE as a datatype
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Part 1 :
PLSQL Course
Control Structure There are three Type of Control Structure 1 IF Condition 2 Case Expression 3 Loop
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IF Condition
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IF Condition There Are Three Types of IF Statement 1 IF Stamtement with ONLY one Conditon Syntax IF Condition1 then Action1 ; END IF; 2 IF Stamtement with ONLY two Conditons Syntax IF Condition1 then Action1 ; ELSE Action2 ; END IF; 3 IF Stamtement with MORE than two Conditons Syntax IF Condition1 then Action1 ; ELSIF Condition2 then Action2 ; ELSIF Condition3 then Action3 ; ELSIF Condition4 then Action4 ; ELSE action 5; END IF; All conditions in IF statements are Boolean expressions that evaluate to true or false. All Actions in IF Statements are PL/SQL statements You can execute many actions as you like when the actions is TRUE IF Stamtement with ONLY one Conditon
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IF Stamtement with ONLY one Conditon
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IF Stamtement with ONLY two Conditons
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IF Stamtement with MORE than two Conditons
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IF Stamtement with MORE than two Conditons
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create or replace procedure rep1(p1 number) is vsal number(5); v2 varchar2(20); begin select sal into vsal from emp where empno = p1; if LENGTH(vsal) < 6 then v2 := to_char(vsal,'000000'); dbms_output.put_line(v2); end if; end;
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CASE Expression
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CASE Expression Create or replace procedure rep1(p1 number) Is V_sal number(5); Begin Select sal Into v_sal From scott.Emp Where empno = p1; v_sal := CASE v_sal When null then 50 ; When DECLARE 2 TYPE emp_table_struct IS TABLE OF emp.fname%TYPE INDEX BY BINARY_INTEGER; 3 emp_table emp_table_struct; 4 CURSOR emp_cursor IS SELECT fname FROM emp ORDER BY id; 5 v_row NUMBER := 1; 6 BEGIN 7 OPEN emp_cursor; 8 LOOP 9 FETCH emp_cursor INTO emp_table(v_row); 10 EXIT WHEN emp_cursor%NOTFOUND; 11 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(emp_table(v_row)); 12 v_row := v_row + 1; 13 END LOOP; 14 CLOSE emp_cursor; 15 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Total rows: '||emp_table.COUNT); 16 END; 17 /
DataBase Trigger
What is a mutating and constraining table? "Mutating" means "changing". A mutating table is a table that is currently being modified by an update, delete, or insert statement. When a trigger tries to reference a table that is in state of flux (being changed), it is considered "mutating" and raises an error since Oracle should not return data that has not yet reached its final state. Another way this error can occur is if the trigger has statements to change the primary, foreign or unique key columns of the table off which it fires. If you must have triggers on tables that have referential constraints, the workaround is to enforce the referential integrity through triggers as well. There are several restrictions in Oracle regarding triggers: A row-level trigger cannot query or modify a mutating table. (Of course, NEW and OLD still can be accessed by the trigger) . Oracle Complete PLSQL Reference
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A statement-level trigger cannot query or modify a mutating table if the trigger is fired as the result
Is it better to put code in triggers or procedures? What is the difference? In earlier releases of Oracle it was better to put as much code as possible in procedures rather than triggers. At that stage procedures executed faster than triggers as triggers had to be re-compiled every time before executed (unless cached). In more recent releases both triggers and procedures are compiled when created (stored p-code) and one can add as much code as one likes in either procedures or triggers.
Functions Q: What is Fincation? A function is similar to a procedure except that a function must return a value. Function can accept parameters or not The simplified syntax for the CREATE FUNCTION statement is as follows: CREATE [OR REPLACE] FUNCTION function_name [(parameter_name [IN | OUT | IN OUT] type [, ...])] RETURN type {IS | AS} BEGIN function_body END function_name; Oracle Complete PLSQL Reference
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Function with no parameters
Function with parameters
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Function with parameters Function to calculate raise as 10% of the salary
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Function to calculate raise as % of the salary
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Function to calculate total as sal + comm
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Function returns week No of the Month
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Functions return name of a Month
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Functions return Quartner No of the year
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Functions return Julian Date Julian date must be between 1 and 5373484
Functions return name of a specific date Oracle Complete PLSQL Reference
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Functions return username
Functions return sysdate
Functions return default nationality Oracle Complete PLSQL Reference
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Functions return Max salary
Position Notation calls for the parameters
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Name Notation calls for the parameters
Mixed Name and position Notation calls for the parameters
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Database Trigger
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DataBase Trigger Q: what is a Trigger ? It is a PLSQL Block that is associated with specific table, view, schema, Database and fire implecitly when a specific event occure Q: what are the trigger’s Types? 1. DataBase Trigger 2. Application Trigger
Fire When specific Database event Occurs (Database) Fire When specific Event Occurs With Particular Application (Forms, report)
Q: what are the objects that the DB trigger associate with ? 1. Table 2. View 3. schema
4. Database
Q: what is the structur of the Trigger Code? Part 1 Trigger Timing After – Before (Tables) – Instead of(View) Mandatory Part 2 Trigger Event 1. DB Event 1. DML Trigger Mandatory Insert , update , update of , delete
Part 3 Optinal
Trigger Type
2. System Event
Create , alter , drop , Logon , logoff , shutdown,startup,servererror
For each row
1. The trigger body executes once for each row affected by the trigger event.
2. use :NEW , :OLD functions For Each Statement 1. The trigger body executed for each bulk of rows affected [Default] by the trigger event . Part 4 Trigger Optional Condition Part 5 Trigger Action Mandatory
When
2. NOT use :NEW , :OLD functions If you want to restirct a specific condition The actions that the trigger will execute when the event occur
Trigger Syntax
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DDL Triggers Events BEFORE / AFTER ALTER Oracle Complete PLSQL Reference
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Avaliable Functions ora_sysevent
BEFORE / AFTER CREATE BEFORE / AFTER DROP BEFORE / AFTER RENAME BEFORE / AFTER ANALYZE BEFORE / AFTER ASSOCIATE STATISTICS BEFORE / AFTER DISASSOCIATE STATISTICS BEFORE / AFTER AUDIT BEFORE / AFTER NOAUDIT BEFORE / AFTER COMMENT BEFORE / AFTER DDL BEFORE / AFTER GRANT BEFORE / AFTER REVOKE BEFORE / AFTER TRUNCATE AFTER SUSPEND
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2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26.
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ora_client_ip_address Ora_database_name ora_des_encrypted_password ora_dict_obj_name ora_dict_obj_name_list ora_dict_obj_owner ora_dict_obj_type ora_grantee ora_instance_num ora_is_alter_column ora_is_creating_nested_table ora_is_drop_column ora_is_servererror ora_login_user ora_partition_pos ora_privilege_list ora_revokee ora_server_error ora_server_error_depth ora_server_error_msg ora_server_error_num_params ora_server_error_param ora_sql_txt ora_with_grant_option space_error_info
What is a mutating and constraining table? "Mutating" means "changing". A mutating table is a table that is currently being modified by an update, delete, or insert statement. When a trigger tries to reference a table that is in state of flux (being changed), it is considered "mutating" and raises an error since Oracle should not return data that has not yet reached its final state. Another way this error can occur is if the trigger has statements to change the primary, foreign or unique key columns of the table off which it fires. If you must have triggers on tables that have referential constraints, the workaround is to enforce the referential integrity through triggers as well. There are several restrictions in Oracle regarding triggers: A row-level trigger cannot query or modify a mutating table. (Of course, NEW and OLD still can be accessed by the trigger) . A statement-level trigger cannot query or modify a mutating table if the trigger is fired as the result Is it better to put code in triggers or procedures? What is the difference? In earlier releases of Oracle it was better to put as much code as possible in procedures rather than triggers. At that stage procedures executed faster than triggers as triggers had to be re-compiled every time before executed (unless cached). In more recent releases both triggers and procedures are compiled when created (stored p-code) and one
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create table company (product_id number(4) not null, company_id NUMBER(8) not null, company_short_name varchar2(30) not null, company_long_name varchar2(60) ); insert insert insert insert insert insert
into into into into into into
company company company company company company
values(1,1001,'A Inc.','Long Name A Inc.'); values(1,1002,'B Inc.','Long Name B Inc.'); values(1,1003,'C Inc.','Long Name C Inc.'); values(2,1004,'D Inc.','Long Name D Inc.'); values(2,1005,'E Inc.','Long Name E Inc.'); values(2,1006,'F Inc.','Long Name F Inc.');
create table product_audit (product_id number(4) not null, num_rows number(8) not null ); CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER myTrigger AFTER INSERT ON company FOR EACH ROW DECLARE BEGIN UPDATE product_audit SET num_rows =num_rows+1 WHERE product_id =:NEW.product_id; IF (SQL%NOTFOUND) THEN INSERT INTO product_audit VALUES (:NEW.product_id,1); END IF; END; / insert into company values(3,1007,'E Inc.','Long Name E Inc.');
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Examples SQL> create table emplpyee (empno number(5), name char(10), sal number(5), comm number(5),total number(5))
SQL> Create or replace trigger Tri1 After update of sal , comm on emp For each row Begin Update emp Set total = sal+comm Where sal =:new.sal or comm =:new.comm; End;
SQL> insert into e values(1,'ali',100,200,null); SQL> insert into e values(2,'mona',200,300,null); SQL> commit;
SQL> update e set sal = 300 where id=1;
ERROR at line 1: ORA04091: table SCOTT.E is mutating, trigger/function may not see it ORA06512: at "SCOTT.TRI1", line 2 ORA04088: error during execution of trigger 'SCOTT.TRI1' Error Calrification IN Oracle you cann’t insrt into table X and run trigger to update the same table But you can run the trigger to update another table b because it is related to internal constraint that violate this issue
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Instead OF Trigger
Use instead of trigger when you want to insert or update or delete on unupdatable View (Read Only View) because the instead of trigger works invisibly on the underlying table Name Null? Type ----------------------------------------- -------- ------------------------DEPTNO NOT NULL NUMBER(5) Primary Key DNAME CHAR(20) LOC CHAR(20) Name Null? Type ----------------------------------------- -------- ------------------------EMPNO NOT NULL NUMBER(5) ENAME CHAR(20) SAL NUMBER(5) DEPTNO NUMBER(5) References d:deptno
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Create or replace view v As select e.empno , e.ename , e.sal , e.deptno , d.deptno deptatmentID , d.dname , d.loc From e e , d d Where e.deptno = d.deptno
Create or replace trigger Tri1 Instead of insert on v For each row Begin Insert into d Values(:new.deptno , :new.dname ,:new.loc); Insert into E Values(:new.empno , :new.ename ,:new.sal ,:new.deptno); End; Insert into v Values(1,’ahmed’,100,1,1,’sales’,’cairo’); You must insert data into view in the same sequence for that view columns
Q: How do I Enable and Disable the Trigger SQL> Alter trigger Disable|Enable Q: How do I Enable and Disable all trigger for a table SQL> Alter table Disable|Enable Q: How do I Compile the trigger SQL> Alter Trigger compile Q: How do I drop the trigger SQL> drop Trigger
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as
System Triggers 1.
DDL Trigers
http://www.psoug.org/reference/ddl_trigger.html DDL Triggers Events BEFORE / AFTER ALTER BEFORE / AFTER CREATE BEFORE / AFTER DROP BEFORE / AFTER RENAME BEFORE / AFTER ANALYZE BEFORE / AFTER ASSOCIATE STATISTICS BEFORE / AFTER DISASSOCIATE STATISTICS BEFORE / AFTER AUDIT BEFORE / AFTER NOAUDIT BEFORE / AFTER COMMENT BEFORE / AFTER DDL BEFORE / AFTER GRANT BEFORE / AFTER REVOKE BEFORE / AFTER TRUNCATE AFTER SUSPEND
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27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52.
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Avaliable Functions ora_sysevent ora_client_ip_address Ora_database_name ora_des_encrypted_password ora_dict_obj_name ora_dict_obj_name_list ora_dict_obj_owner ora_dict_obj_type ora_grantee ora_instance_num ora_is_alter_column ora_is_creating_nested_table ora_is_drop_column ora_is_servererror ora_login_user ora_partition_pos ora_privilege_list ora_revokee ora_server_error ora_server_error_depth ora_server_error_msg ora_server_error_num_params ora_server_error_param ora_sql_txt ora_with_grant_option space_error_info
Example No:10 Create Table tets_DDL (server_Event varchar2(50), object_owner varchar2(50), object_name varchar2(50), user_name varchar2(50), system_date date) CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER test_DDL BEFORE CREATE or ALTER or DROP ON SCHEMA BEGIN INSERT INTO tets_ddl SELECT ora_sysevent, ora_dict_obj_owner, ora_dict_obj_name, USER, SYSDATE FROM dual; END;
Example No:11 Conn sys/password@ as sysdba; Create table ddl_log (server_event char(40), owner char(20), objectname char(20), text varchar(200), username char(20), transaction_date date); CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER ddl_trigger BEFORE CREATE OR ALTER OR DROP ON SCHEMA DECLARE oper varchar2(50); BEGIN SELECT ora_sysevent INTO oper FROM dual; IF oper IN ('CREATE', 'DROP') THEN INSERT INTO ddl_log SELECT ora_sysevent, ora_dict_obj_owner, ora_dict_obj_name, NULL, USER, SYSDATE FROM dual; ELSIF oper = 'ALTER' THEN INSERT INTO ddl_log SELECT ora_sysevent, ora_dict_obj_owner,ora_dict_obj_name, sql_text, USER, SYSDATE FROM sys.gv$open_cursor WHERE UPPER(sql_text) LIKE 'ALTER%'; END IF; END;
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CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER save_our_db BEFORE DROP OR TRUNCATE ON SCHEMA DECLARE oper varcha2(20); BEGIN SELECT ora_sysevent INTO oper FROM dual; IF oper = 'DROP' THEN RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20998, 'Attempt To Drop In Production Has Been Logged'); ELSIF oper = 'TRUNCATE' THEN RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20999, 'Attempt To Truncate A Production Table Has Been Logged'); END IF; END;
DDL Trigger To Prevent Creating Objects That Whose Names Begin With The Letter 'X' CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER no_xtabs BEFORE CREATE ON SCHEMA DECLARE x user_tables.table_name%TYPE; BEGIN SELECT ora_dict_obj_name INTO x FROM dual; IF SUBSTR(x, 1, 1) = 'X' THEN RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20099, 'Table Names Can Not Start With The Letter X'); END IF; END; /
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2.
System Triggers
http://www.psoug.org/reference/system_trigger.html AFTER LOGON AFTER STARTUP System Event Trigger Types
BEFORE LOGOFF BEFORE SHUTDOWN AFTER SERVERERROR (does not trap
CREATE TABLE connection_audit (login_date username
DATE, VARCHAR2(30));
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER logon_audit AFTER LOGON on database BEGIN INSERT INTO connection_audit(login_date, username) VALUES (SYSDATE, USER); END;
CREATE TABLE log_logons (sqltext VARCHAR2(25) NOT NULL);
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE logproc Is Begin INSERT INTO log_logons(sqltext) VALUES(user || ' - ' || TO_CHAR(SYSDATE)|| ' - '||'Logged On' ); End;
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER logintrig AFTER LOGON ON DATABASE CALL logproc
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Create table ip (ip_add char(20), user_name char(20), logon_user char(20),
I want to display all object names that has been altered
db_name char(20),
instance_no number(5),
create table w logon_date date);
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER ip_trace (username char(20), AFTER LOGON ON DATABASE
object_name varchar2(255)); IF (ora_sysevent=’LOGON’) THEN INSERT INTO IP OR REPLACE TRIGGER sysevent_trig CREATE BEGIN
VALUES(ora_client_ip_address,user,ora_login_user,Ora_database_name,ora_instance_num,sysdate); END IF; AFTER ALTER ON SCHEMA END;
BEGIN INSERT INTO w VALUES(user,ora_dict_obj_name); END ;
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alter table dept add constraint a check (dname is not null); alter user scott identified by scott; I want to display descripted password for the altered user create table encpassword (username char(20), enc_user char(255), encpassword varchar2(255)); CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER sysevent_trig AFTER ALTER ON DATABASE BEGIN INSERT INTO encpassword VALUES(user,ora_dict_obj_name,ora_des_encrypted_password); END; Alter user scott identifiec by abc; Select * from encpassword
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Server Error Trigger SQL > create table caught_errors (dt date, username varchar2( 30), msg varchar2(512), stmt varchar2(512)); create or replace trigger catch_errors After servererror on database Declare sql_text ora_name_list_t; msg_
varchar2(2000) := null;
stmt_
varchar2(2000) := null;
begin for depth in 1 .. ora_server_error_depth loop msg_ := msg_ || ora_server_error_msg(depth); End loop; For i in 1 .. ora_sql_txt(sql_text) loop stmt_ := stmt_ || sql_text(i); End loop; Insert into caught_errors (dt,username,msg ,stmt )values (sysdate,ora_login_user,msg_,stmt_); end;
Trigger Privelages create trigger create any trigger System Privileges
administer database trigger -- required for ON DATABASE alter any trigger drop any trigger
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Triggers Data Dictionary
dba_triggers
all_triggers
user_triggers
You Can Enable And Disable Any Trigger According To the following Codes
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Function
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1. create or replace function emp_count return number is cnt number(2) := 0; begin select count(*) into cnt from emp ; return (cnt); end; / 2. create or replace function emp_count (p_deptno in number) return number is cnt number(2) := 0; begin select count(*) into cnt from emp where deptno = p_deptno ; return (cnt); end; / 3. update emp set comm = sal where deptno = 10 ; commit; create or replace function fun1 (p1 number , p2 number) return number is begin if p1 = p2 then return (0); else return (1); end if; end; / 4. select ename , sal , sal*0.10 as raise from emp; Create or replace function raise10(p_sal number) Return number Is Begin Return (p_sal * 0.10); Oracle Complete PLSQL Reference
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End; Create or replace function raise(p_sal number ,p_percentage number ) Return number Is Begin Return (p_sal * p_percentage); End; 5. select ename , sal , comm, nvl(sal,0)+nvl(comm,0) as total from emp; Create or replace function total (p_sal number , p_comm number) return number is Begin return (nvl(p_sal,0)+nvl(p_comm,0)); End; 6. select ename , hiredate , TO_CHAR(hiredate,'W') from emp; Create or replace function week_month(p_date IN date) RETURN NUMBER IS BEGIN RETURN ( TO_NUMBER( TO_CHAR( p_date, 'W' ) ) ); END; 7. select ename, hiredate , TO_CHAR(hiredate, 'fmMonth') as Month_name from emp; Create or replace function Month_Name ( p_date IN DATE ) RETURN VARCHAR2 IS BEGIN RETURN ( TO_CHAR( p_date, 'fmMonth' ) ); END Month_Name; 8. select ename , hiredate , TO_CHAR( hiredate, 'Q' ) from emp where deptno = 10 ;
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Create or replace function quarter( p_date IN DATE ) RETURN NUMBER IS BEGIN RETURN ( TO_NUMBER( TO_CHAR( p_date, 'Q' ) ) ); END; 9- Function that return julian date from date select hiredate , TO_CHAR(hiredate, 'J' ) from emp where deptno = 10 ; Create or replace function julianfromdate(p_date IN date) RETURN NUMBER IS BEGIN RETURN (TO_NUMBER(TO_CHAR( p_date, 'J' ) ) ); END; 10- function that return date form julian Create or replace function datefromjulian(p_num IN NUMBER ) RETURN DATE IS BEGIN IF p_num BETWEEN 1 and 5373484 THEN RETURN (TO_DATE(TRUNC(p_num ),'J')); ELSE RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR (-01854, 'Julian date must be between 1 and 5373484'); END IF; END; 11- Function that return dayname select ename ,hiredate , TO_CHAR( hiredate, 'fmDay') from emp where deptno = 10 ; Create or replace function dayname ( p_date IN DATE ) RETURN VARCHAR2 IS BEGIN RETURN ( TO_CHAR( p_date, 'fmDay' ) ); END; 12. Create Or Replace Function username RETURN VARCHAR2 IS BEGIN Oracle Complete PLSQL Reference
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RETURN user; END; 13. Function that return current date = sysdate select sysdate from dual; Create Or Replace Function current_date RETURN date IS BEGIN RETURN sysdate; END; 14- Function that default value for nationality column create table employee (name char(4),nationality varchar2(20)); Create Or Replace Function default_nationality RETURN varchar2 IS BEGIN RETURN ‘egyptian’; END; Insert into employee Values('ali', default_nationality); 15- Function that return max_sal_emp select max(sal) from emp; Create Or Replace Function max_sal_emp RETURN number IS v_max_sal number(5); BEGIN Select max(sal) Into v_max_sal From emp; RETURN v_max_sal; END; 16- Function that return statistic select max(sal) , min(sal) , avg(sal) , sum(sal) from emp; Create Or Replace Function Max_Min_Avg_Sum RETURN varchar2 IS v_max_sal number(5); v_min_sal number(5); Oracle Complete PLSQL Reference
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v_avg_sal number(5); v_sum_sal number(5); BEGIN Select max(sal) , min(sal), avg(sal) , sum(sal) Into v_max_sal , v_min_sal , v_avg_sal , v_sum_sal From emp; RETURN (to_char(v_max_sal) || '-' || to_char(v_min_sal) || '-' || to_char(v_avg_sal) || '-' || to_char(v_sum_sal)); END; 17. CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION add_three_numbers( a NUMBER := 0, b NUMBER := 0, c NUMBER := 0 ) RETURN NUMBER IS BEGIN RETURN a + b + c; END; / BEGIN dbms_output.put_line(add_three_numbers(3,4,5)); END; / 18. CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION add_three_numbers( a NUMBER := 0, b NUMBER := 0, c NUMBER := 0 ) RETURN NUMBER IS BEGIN RETURN a + b + c; END; / BEGIN dbms_output.put_line(add_three_numbers(a => 4,b => 5,c => 3)); END; 19. CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION add_three_numbers( a NUMBER := 0, b NUMBER := 0, c NUMBER := 0 ) RETURN NUMBER IS BEGIN RETURN a + b + c; END; / BEGIN dbms_output.put_line(add_three_numbers(a => 4,b => 5,c => 3)); END; Oracle Complete PLSQL Reference
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Package
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create table dd (deptno number(5),deptname varchar2(30),deptloc varchar2(5)); create sequence sqdept start with 1 increment by 1; CREATE or replace package over_pack IS / AS Procedure add_dept(dno number,dname varchar2,dloc varchar2); Procedure add_dept(dname varchar2,dloc varchar2); End; / CREATE or replace package BODY over_pack Is Procedure add_dept(dno number,dname varchar2,dloc varchar2) Is Begin Insert into dd values(dno , dname ,dloc); End;
Procedure add_dept(dname varchar2,dloc varchar2) Is Begin Insert into dd values(sqdept.nextval , dname ,dloc); End; End; / exec over_pack.add_dept(’design’,’cairo’); exec over_pack.add_dept(1,’sales’,’alex’);
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CREATE or replace package over_pack Is function total (v_sal number , v_comm number)return number; function max_sal_emp return number; End; CREATE or replace package body over_pack Is function total(v_sal number , v_comm number) return number is Begin return (nvl(v_sal,0)+nvl(v_comm,0)); End; Function max_sal_emp RETURN number IS v_max_sal number(5); BEGIN Select max(sal) Into v_max_sal From emp; RETURN (v_max_sal); END; End; / select sal , comm, over_pack.total(sal,comm) from emp ; select over_pack.max_sal_emp from dual;
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System Package
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DBMS_ALERT( 6 ) DBMS_DEBUG( 1 ) dbms_lock( 1 ) DBMS_REDEFINITION( 1 ) dbms_sql( 27 ) dbms_xmlschema( 2 ) UTL_COMPRESS( 1 ) utl_raw( 27 )
dbms_application_info( 4 ) DBMS_FGA( 1 ) DBMS_METADATA( 2 ) DBMS_REPAIR( 4 ) dbms_stats( 12 ) htp( 1 ) UTL_FILE( 9 ) UTL_SMTP( 1 )
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DBMS_AQADM( 3 ) DBMS_FILE_TRANSFER( 1 ) DBMS_OBFUSCATION_TOOLKIT( 6 ) dbms_rowid( 7 ) DBMS_TRACE( 2 ) ORA Error( 13 ) UTL_HTTP( 1 ) UTL_TCP( 1 )
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dbms_crypto( 8 ) dbms_flashback( 3 ) dbms_output( 16 ) dbms_scheduler( 1 ) dbms_utility( 15 ) ORA( 18 ) utl_i18n( 1 )
DBMS_DB( 1 ) dbms_job( 8 ) DBMS_PIPE( 13 ) DBMS_SESSION( 1 ) DBMS_WARNING( 2 ) outln_pkg( 1 ) UTL_INADDR( 1 )
dbms_ddl( 1 ) dbms_lob( 17 ) DBMS_RANDOM( 12 ) dbms_space( 1 ) dbms_xmlquery( 1 ) TEXT_IO( 1 ) UTL_MAIL( 1 )
Implicit Cursor http://www.java2s.com/Tutorial/Oracle/0500__Cursor/sqlnotfound.htm http://www.java2s.com/Tutorial/Oracle/0500__Cursor/UsingSELECTinaCursor.htm http://www.java2s.com/Tutorial/Oracle/0500__Cursor/Cursorforobjecttable.htm http://www.java2s.com/Tutorial/Oracle/0500__Cursor/Cursorwithorderby.htm http://www.java2s.com/Tutorial/Oracle/0500__Cursor/Cursorforaggregatefunction.htm http://www.java2s.com/Tutorial/Oracle/0500__Cursor/FetchingAcrossCommitsExample2.htm http://www.java2s.com/Tutorial/Oracle/0500__Cursor/CursorFORLoop.htm http://www.java2s.com/Tutorial/Oracle/0500__Cursor/Closecursorinexcpetionhandler.htm SQL > Create or replace procedure a Is Cursor Emp_Rec_Cur is select ename , deptno from emp; Begin for i in emp_rec_cur loop implicit open and implicit Fetch if i.deptno= 20 then dbms_output.put_line(i.ename || ' ' || i.deptno); end if; end loop; implicit close and implicit loop Exit end; the prvious example is equal to next example SQL > Create or replace procedure a Is Begin for i in (select ename , deptno from emp) loop implicit open and implicit Fetch if i.deptno= 20 then dbms_output.put_line(i.ename || ' ' || i.deptno); end if; end loop; implicit close and implicit loop Exit end;
SQL%ROWCOUNT and SQL%BULK_ROWCOUNT http://www.java2s.com/Tutorial/Oracle/0500__Cursor/usingSQLBULKROWCOUNTandSQLROWCOUNT.htm
Use cursor subquery http://www.java2s.com/Tutorial/Oracle/0500__Cursor/Usethecursorsubquery.htm Nested Cursor http://www.java2s.com/Tutorial/Oracle/0500__Cursor/Nestedcursor.htm
VARRAY of Cursor http://www.java2s.com/Tutorial/Oracle/0500__Cursor/VARRAYofCursor.htm
Assigning different queries to the same cursor variable Ref Cursor http://www.java2s.com/Tutorial/Oracle/0500__Cursor/Assigningdifferentqueriestothesamecursorvariable.htm Oracle Complete PLSQL Reference
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Execute immediate statement BEGIN FOR i IN (SELECT table_name FROM user_tables WHERE table_name = 'DEPT2' ) LOOP ;'EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'DROP TABLE dummy 6 7 ;END LOOP 8 9 10 END; http://www.java2s.com/Tutorial/Oracle/0500__Cursor/Returninformationusingcursorstatusvariables.htm
Can one use dynamic SQL statements from PL/SQL? Starting from Oracle8i one can use the "EXECUTE IMMEDIATE" statement to execute dynamic SQL and PL/SQL statements (statements created at run-time). Look at these examples. Note that statements are NOT terminated by semicolons: EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'CREATE TABLE x (a NUMBER)'; -- Using bind variables... sql_stmt := 'INSERT INTO dept VALUES (:1, :2, :3)'; EXECUTE IMMEDIATE sql_stmt USING dept_id, dept_name, location; -- Returning a cursor... sql_stmt := 'SELECT * FROM emp WHERE empno = :id'; EXECUTE IMMEDIATE sql_stmt INTO emp_rec USING emp_id; One can also use the older DBMS_SQL package (V2.1 and above) to execute dynamic statements. Look at these examples: CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE DYNSQL AS cur integer; rc integer; BEGIN cur := DBMS_SQL.OPEN_CURSOR; DBMS_SQL.PARSE(cur, 'CREATE TABLE X (Y DATE)', DBMS_SQL.NATIVE); rc := DBMS_SQL.EXECUTE(cur); DBMS_SQL.CLOSE_CURSOR(cur); END; / More complex DBMS_SQL example using bind variables: CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE DEPARTMENTS(NO IN DEPT.DEPTNO%TYPE) AS v_cursor integer; v_dname char(20); v_rows integer; BEGIN v_cursor := DBMS_SQL.OPEN_CURSOR; DBMS_SQL.PARSE(v_cursor, 'select dname from dept where deptno > :x', DBMS_SQL.V7); DBMS_SQL.BIND_VARIABLE(v_cursor, ':x', no); DBMS_SQL.DEFINE_COLUMN_CHAR(v_cursor, 1, v_dname, 20); v_rows := DBMS_SQL.EXECUTE(v_cursor); loop if DBMS_SQL.FETCH_ROWS(v_cursor) = 0 then exit; end if; DBMS_SQL.COLUMN_VALUE_CHAR(v_cursor, 1, v_dname); DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Deptartment name: '||v_dname); end loop; DBMS_SQL.CLOSE_CURSOR(v_cursor); EXCEPTION when others then Oracle Complete PLSQL Reference
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sqlerrm); END; / Back to top
DBMS_SQL.CLOSE_CURSOR(v_cursor); raise_application_error(-20000, 'Unknown Exception Raised: '||sqlcode||' '||
of file Execute procedure
1. 2. 3. 4.
exec rep1; exec rep1()p1,p2,p3,……; call rep1(); call rep1(p1,p2,p3,…….); Triggers
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Table data type http://www.java2s.com/Tutorial/Oracle/0500__Cursor/Createandusereferencecursor.htm http://www.java2s.com/Tutorial/Oracle/0500__Cursor/Referencevalueinacursorbycursorvariable.htm Function http://www.java2s.com/Tutorial/Oracle/0480__PL-SQLProgramming/CodewithConditionalControltoAvoidanException.htm http://www.java2s.com/Tutorial/Oracle/0480__PL-SQLProgramming/CodewithExplicitHandlerforPredefinedException.htm http://www.java2s.com/Tutorial/Oracle/0480__PL-SQLProgramming/Handlingexceptionswithouthaltingtheprogram.htm IN OUT PARAMETER http://www.java2s.com/Tutorial/Oracle/0500__Cursor/TheuseofREFCURSOR.htm http://www.java2s.com/Tutorial/Oracle/0500__Cursor/OpenSYSREFCURSORforselectfrom.htm http://www.java2s.com/Tutorial/Oracle/0500__Cursor/SYSREFCURSORtypeparameter.htm
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While Loop http://www.java2s.com/Tutorial/Oracle/0440__PL-SQL-Statements/ReversedFORLOOP.htm http://www.adp-gmbh.ch/ora/plsql/loops.html https://support.us.oracle.com/oip/faces/secure/srm/sr/SRQueue.jspx?mc=true https://login.oracle.com/mysso/signon.jsp? site2pstoretoken=v1.2~97B77393~56D799A0127BA50DC728218D093398C3E7DC7FBF437396E2 DF8C88659E2568533223ED388A5A74C7CE50A6B563DA6224E2FE03819119B6DD1568AE6C9280 AB2EDCDECBBDD876929B5A9F5D0C72951FDCE134763C3783B3DFACB6CED8B35EA6CC1CF29A9 2BAA0E40C94B0B59C78A8AA97086082846113AC3E082477225EF2359275DE1F014672AC086F85 A66620BFBDAB778B2E5A6D04E0641CF70781A264F3C9EE35CFEC74333D63B3570160E466D4390 A005E5988628900&p_error_code=&p_submit_url=https%3A%2F%2Flogin.oracle.com%2Fsso %2Fauth&p_cancel_url=http%3A%2F%2Fgcca.oraclecorp.com =%2Fcca&ssousername=&subscribername https://login.oracle.com/mysso/signon.jsp? site2pstoretoken=v1.2~B483CC4E~8A17DE85F48237269E6D418A2D3B532BF6B825EBC625C51F D063482AE69E7EB1B7E38AEF36FA299222FB6EB1EE7E34B0DC424060688F88C2241F59A23D04F 3E37FE9AD514E1C692B8BD63EA50EB5A6510493DD38C1E272779A451A13D05CB235AD10FE3A1 1658C15E94EE612F4B74D190699D28ACAE02CA2213BB826001290456A80A25F7EE2D6C99261B0 5A83CD01EAB5FEE046D837278283E8C3F7E28198BAA653F3C73A6FFC6B39B19ACD78D5EDAC9C E0C22B7B5F17349A1312F92CB33D4C25CE5C83F0768185C830F3F292E87C413AC60A0775EF16C 324913DCBF1A7F1A9D25E779E5B91F1350602B1F083E5812CDA7B4A2BD87D6317&p_error_code =&p_submit_url=https%3A%2F%2Flogin.oracle.com%2Fsso%2Fauth&p_cancel_url=https%3A%2F =%2Fsupport.us.oracle.com%2Foip&ssousername=&subscribername https://login.oracle.com/mysso/signon.jsp? site2pstoretoken=v1.2~B483CC4E~23E6FB45EB4FE6929831F3A33F813893C1D08307A3F8A92A A3484C34FF3229B41916D02D6C8610D11A20FCE7DF40F64B70506A05058A71C3E56EE66E25DBC CD6B8834A62BB8CD4371A40D66106E03A166297BAD9E86E8A419F45FCD1CDB2278BB4E534703 9AED42D290AD988AC97C5977896884568F4C86E545344B0079CAB3DA03435F70B45D1D2DD73C B25930116BFC56B8EDDC9863698C3465FE67D524D229537AAFBF483E0CC33D838D654E6D4748 356753D3EF371FECA7F8B482995D61F8430328F872CE9E6DAC0580B0A73C727699C7F402C9526 09B21A3263A306C1E4DE7CE0A56893155771D173674350EE77&p_error_code=&p_submit_url=htt ps%3A%2F%2Flogin.oracle.com%2Fsso%2Fauth&p_cancel_url=https%3A%2F =%2Fsupport.us.oracle.com%2Foip&ssousername=&subscribername
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part 2 REATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE pcalled(TabX DBMS_SQL.VARCHAR2S) IS BEGIN -- do something with TabX from database B null; END;
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Oracle Supplied Packages Thes packages are got from the following URL http://www.ss64.com/orap/
Packages marked * are new in 9.2 Package Description DBMS_ALERT Notify a database event (asynchronous) DBMS_APPLICATION_INFO Register an application name with the database for auditing or performance tracking. Application info can be pushed into V$SESSION/V$SESSION_LONGOPS DBMS_AQ Add a message (of a predefined object type) onto a queue or dequeue a message. DBMS_AQADM Administer a queue or queue table for messages of a predefined object type. DBMS_AQELM Configure Advanced Queuing asynchronous notification by email and HTTP. * DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE Normalize filenames on Windows NT platforms. DBMS_DDL Access SQL DDL statements from a stored procedure, provides special administration operations not available as DDLs. DBMS_DEBUG Implement serverside debuggers and provide a way to debug serverside PL/SQL program units. DBMS_DEFER User interface to a replicated transactional deferred RPC facility. Requires the Distributed Option. Oracle Complete PLSQL Reference
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DBMS_DEFER_QUERY Permit querying the deferred remote procedure calls (RPC) queue data that is not exposed through views. Requires the Distributed Option. DMBS_DEFER_SYS The system administrator interface to a replicated transactional deferred RPC facility. Requires the Distributed Option. DBMS_DESCRIBE Describe the arguments of a stored procedure with full name translation and security checking. DBMS_DISTRIBUTED_TRUST_ADMIN Maintain the Trusted Database List, which is used to determine if a privileged database link from a particular server can be accepted. DBMS_ENCODE Encode??? DBMS_FGA Finegrained security functions. * DMBS_FLASHBACK Flash back to a version of the database at a specified wallclock time or a specified system change number (SCN). * DBMS_HS_PASSTHROUGH Send passthrough SQL statements to nonOracle systems. (via Heterogeneous Services) DBMS_IOT Create a table into which references to the chained rows for an Index Organized Table can be placed using the ANALYZE command. DBMS_JOB Schedule PL/SQL procedures that you want performed at periodic intervals; also the job queue interface. DBMS_LDAP Functions and procedures to access data from LDAP servers. * DBMS_LIBCACHE Prepares the library cache on an Oracle instance by extracting SQL and PL/SQL from a remote instance and compiling this SQL locally without execution. * DBMS_LOB General purpose routines for operations on Oracle Large Object (LOBs) datatypes BLOB, CLOB (readwrite), Oracle Complete PLSQL Reference
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and BFILEs (readonly). DBMS_LOCK Request, convert and release locks through Oracle Lock Management services. DBMS_LOGMNR Functions to initialize and run the log reader. DBMS_LOGMNR_CDC_PUBLISH Identify new data that has been added to, modified, or removed from, relational tables and publish the changed data in a form that is usable by an application. * DBMS_LOGMNR_CDC_SUBSCRIBE View and query the change data that was captured and published with the DBMS_LOGMNR_CDC_PUBLISH package. * DBMS_LOGMNR_D Query the dictionary tables of the current database, and create a text based file containing their contents. DBMS_METADATA Retrieve complete database object definitions (metadata) from the dictionary. * DBMS_MVIEW Refresh snapshots that are not part of the same refresh group and purge logs. DBMS_SNAPSHOT is a synonym. DBMS_OBFUSCATION_TOOLKIT Procedures for Data Encryption Standards. DBMS_ODCI Get the CPU cost of a user function based on the elapsed time of the function. * DBMS_OFFLINE_OG Public APIs for offline instantiation of master groups. DBMS_OFFLINE_SNAPSHOT Public APIs for offline instantiation of snapshots. DBMS_OLAP Procedures for summaries, dimensions, and query rewrites. DBMS_ORACLE_TRACE_AGENT Client callable interfaces to the Oracle TRACE instrumentation within the Oracle7 Server. DBMS_ORACLE_TRACE_USER Public access to the Oracle release 7 Server Oracle TRACE instrumentation for the calling user. Oracle Complete PLSQL Reference
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DBMS_OUTLN Interface for procedures and functions associated with management of stored outlines. Synonymous with OUTLN_PKG DBMS_OUTLN_EDIT Edit an invoker's rights package. * DBMS_OUTPUT Accumulate information in a buffer so that it can be retrieved out later. DBMS_PCLXUTIL Intrapartition parallelism for creating partitionwise local indexes. DBMS_PIPE A DBMS pipe service which enables messages to be sent between sessions. DBMS_PROFILER A Probe Profiler API to profile PL/SQL applications and identify performance bottlenecks. To install this run profload.sql(as SYS) and proftab.sql(as user) DBMS_RANDOM A builtin random number generator. Options to generate random numbers within a range or distribution. DBMS_RECTIFIER_DIFF APIs used to detect and resolve data inconsistencies between two replicated sites. DBMS_REDEFINITION Reorganise a table (change it's structure) while it's still online and in use. * DBMS_REFRESH Create groups of snapshots that can be refreshed together to a transactionally consistent point in time. Requires the Distributed Option. DBMS_REPAIR Repair data corruption. DBMS_REPCAT Administer and update the replication catalog and environment. Requires the Replication Option. DBMS_REPCAT_ADMIN Create users with the privileges needed by the symmetric replication facility. Requires the Replication Option. DBMS_REPCAT_INSTATIATE Instantiates deployment templates. Requires the Replication Option. Oracle Complete PLSQL Reference
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DBMS_REPCAT_RGT Define and maintain refresh group templates. Requires the Replication Option. DBMS_REPUTIL Generate shadow tables, triggers, and packages for table replication. DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER Maintain plans, consumer groups, and plan directives; also provides semantics so that you may group together changes to the plan schema. DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER_PRIVS Maintain privileges associated with resource consumer groups. DBMS_RESUMABLE Suspend large operations that run out of space or reach space limits after executing for a long time, fix the problem, and make the statement resume execution. DBMS_RLS Row level security administrative interface. DBMS_ROWID Procedures to create rowids and to interpret their contents. DBMS_SESSION Access to SQL ALTER SESSION statements, and other session information, from stored procedures. DBMS_SHARED_POOL Keep objects in shared memory, so that they will not be aged out with the normal LRU mechanism. DBMS_SNAPSHOT Synonym for DBMS_MVIEW DBMS_SPACE Segment space information not available through standard SQL. How much space is left before a new extent gets allocated? How many blocks are above the segments High Water Mark? How many blocks are in the free list(s) DBMS_SPACE_ADMIN Tablespace and segment space administration not available through the standard SQL. DBMS_SQL Use dynamic SQL to access the database. DBMS_STANDARD Language facilities that help your application interact with Oracle. Oracle Complete PLSQL Reference
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DBMS_STATS View and modify optimizer statistics gathered for database objects.In a small test environment this allows faking the stats to simulate running a large production database. DBMS_TRACE Routines to start and stop PL/SQL tracing. DBMS_TRANSACTION Access to SQL transaction statements from stored procedures and monitors transaction activities. DBMS_TRANSFORM An interface to the message format transformation features of Oracle Advanced Queuing. * DBMS_TTS Check if a transportable set is selfcontained. DBMS_TYPES Constants, which represent the builtin and userdefined types. DBMS_URL Oracle Spatial connection_type ?? DBMS_UTILITY Utility routines, Analyze, Time, Conversion etc. DBMS_WM Database Workspace Manager (long transactions) * DBMS_XMLGEN Convert the results of a SQL query to a canonical XML format. * DMBS_XMLQUERY DatabasetoXMLType functionality. * DBMS_XMLSAVE XMLtodatabasetype functionality. * DEBUG_EXTPROC Debug external procedures on platforms with debuggers that can attach to a running process. OUTLN_PKG Synonym of DBMS_OUTLN. PLITBLM Handle indextable operations.(Don't call directly) SDO_CS,SDO_GEOM,SDO_LRS,SDO_MIGRATE,SDO_TUNE see Oracle Spatial User's Guide and Reference Spatial packages are installed in user MDSYS with public synonyms. STANDARD Types, exceptions, and subprograms which are Oracle Complete PLSQL Reference
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available automatically to every PL/SQL program. UTL_COLL Collection locators query and update from a PL/SQL program. UTL_ENCODE Encode RAW data into a standard encoded format so that the data can be transported between hosts. * UTL_FILE Read and write OS text files via PL/SQL. A restricted version of standard OS stream file I/O. UTL_HTTP Enable HTTP callouts from PL/SQL and SQL to access data on the Internet or to call Oracle Web Server Cartridges. UTL_INADDR A procedure to support internet addressing. UTL_PG Convert COBOL numeric data into Oracle numbers and convert Oracle numbers into COBOL numeric data. UTL_RAW SQL functions for RAW datatypes that concat, substr, etc. to and from RAWS. UTL_REF Enable a PL/SQL program to access an object by providing a reference to the object. UTL_SMTP Send SMTP email. The mailer program needs to run on the server, but can be invoked from a client. UTL_TCP Simple TCP/IPbased communication between servers and the outside world. UTL_URL Escape and unescape mechanism for URL characters. ANYDATA TYPE A selfdescribing data instance TYPE. ANYDATASET TYPE Describe a given TYPE plus a set of data instances of that type. ANYTYPE TYPE Contains a type description of any persistent SQL type, named or unnamed, including object types and collection types. See also EXEC Execute a PL/SQL package DESC Describe a package Related Views ALL_ARGUMENTS USER_ARGUMENTS Oracle Complete PLSQL Reference
176
DBA_OBJECTS ALL_OBJECTS USER_OBJECTS SYS_OBJECTS ALL_PROCEDURES USER_PROCEDURES DBA_SOURCE ALL_SOURCE USER_SOURCE
Oracle Complete PLSQL Reference
177
2. Morgan Library vip vip
Version
Last Modified
Comment
Active Session History
Topic
11gR1
25Dec2007
Add Binding Clause
11gR1
19Sep2007
ADDM Demo
11gR1
01Feb2008
ADR Command Interpreter
11gR1
09Aug2008
Advanced Compression
11gR1
09Nov2008
Advanced Queuing Demo
11gR1
05Mar2008
Analytic Functions
11gR1
16Oct2007
Analyze
11gR1
09Jul2007
Anonymous Block
11gR1
21Jul2007
Anydata Data Type
11gR1
28Jul2007
Application Server
10.1.2.0.2
07Feb2007
Application Server
10.1.3.0.0
07Feb2007
Archive Logs
11gR1
06Oct2007
Array Processing
11gR1
18Aug2008
Arrays: Index by BINARY_INTEGER
11gR1
07Jul2007
Arrays: Index by VARCHAR2
11gR1
07Jul2007
AS OF Queries
11gR1
14Sep2007
ASH
11gR1
25Dec2007
Associate Statistics
11gR1
03Jan2008
Associative Arrays
11gR1
07Jul2007
Audit Vault
10.2.3
14Jun2008
Auditing
11gR1
06Aug2007
AUTHID (DEFINER) and CURRENT_USER)
11gR1
01Sep2008
Automatic Diagnostic Repository
11gR1
28Sep2007
Automatic Workload Repository
11gR1
17Aug2007
Automatic Workload Repository Report
11gR1
17Aug2007
Autonomous Transactions
11gR1
30Jan2008
Autotrace
11gR1
08Jul2007
AWR
11gR1
17Aug2007
AWR Report
11gR1
17Aug2007
Backup & Recovery
10gR2
07Mar2006
B*Tree Indexes
11gR1
03Nov2008
Bidirectional Cursor
11gR1
06Aug2007
Bind Variables
11gR1
20Jul2007
Bitmap Indexes
11gR1
03Nov2008
Bitmap Join Indexes
11gR1
03Nov2008
BLAST_CUR
11gR1
14Dec2007
Block Change Tracking
11gR1
20Jul2007
Block Dump
11gR1
16Oct2007
Breaking Oracle (demos from UKOUG presentation)
11gR1
03Dec2008
BSQ Files
11gR1
19Oct2007
Builtin Packages
11gR1
06Oct2007
Buffer Pool
11gR1
15Jul2007
Bulk Binding / Bulk Collection
11gR1
17Aug2008
CASE Function
11gR1
15Aug2007
Cast Function
11gR1
21Jul2007
Chained Rows
11gR1
30Jul2007
Change Data Capture Sync
11gR1
01Jun2008
Change Data Capture HotLog
11gR1
01Jun2008
Change Data Capture AutoLog
10gR2
Oracle Complete PLSQL Reference
178
Character Sets
11gR1
30Jul2007
Character Set Functions
11gR1
21Jul2007
Check Constraint
11gR1
25Nov2007
Clustering Factor
11gR1
12Aug2007
Clusters
11gR1
20Jul2007
Codd's Rules
07Jul2007
Collections
11gR1
30Nov2008
Collection Functions
11gR1
08Oct2007
Colored SQL
11gR1
17Aug2007
COLUMN_VALUE
11gR1
25Aug2007
Commit
11gR1
07Jul2007
Common Table Expressions
11gR1
10Feb2008
Compilation: Interpreted and Native
11gR1
09Aug2007
Compound Triggers
11gR1
12Aug2007
Composite Partitioning
11gR1
25Nov2007
Compressed Indexes
11gR1
09Nov2008
Compressed Tables
11gR1
09Nov2008
Conditional Compilation
11gR1
25Nov2007
Conditions
11gR1
24Nov2007
Connect By
11gR1
26Nov2008
Constants
11gR1
21Aug2007
Constraints
11gR1
29Feb2008
Consumer Groups
11gR1
25Dec2007
Contexts
11gR1
06Oct2007
Continue Statement
11gR1
09Aug2007
Control Files
11gR1
16Nov2008
Control Structures
11gR1
19Dec2007
Conversion Functions
11gR1
04Apr2008
Create Database
11gR1
01May2008
Create Schema
11gR1
08Jul2007
Cross Tabulation and Pivot Operator
11gR1
02Oct2007
CRS_STAT
11gR1
07Feb2006
CTX_DDL
11gR1
24Dec2007
Cube
11gR1
06Oct2007
Cursor Sharing
11gR1
26Oct2007
Cursors & Cursor Loops
11gR1
19Dec2007
DANGLING
11gR1
23Nov2007
Data Control Language (DCL)
11gR1
07Jul2007
Data Dictionary
11gR1
02Sep2008
Data Files
11gR1
07Oct2007
Data Guard
10gR2
30May2007
Physical Only
Data Integrity
11gR1
26Oct2007
Data Mining Functions
11gR1
05Oct2007
Data Pump (API)
11gR1
27Dec2007
Data Pump (Executable)
11gR1
07Sep2008
Data Types & SubTypes
11gR1
09Oct2007
Database
11gR1
01May2008
Database Links
11gR1
23Nov2007
Date Functions
11gR1
08Nov2008
DBMSOBJG
11gR1
08Jul2007
DBMS_ADDM
11gR1
16Nov2007
DBMS_ADVANCED_REWRITE
11gR1
11Aug2007
DBMS_ADVISOR
11gR1
01Feb2008
DBMS_ALERT
11gR1
08Jul2007
DBMS_AMD
11gR1
08Jul2007
DBMS_APPLICATION_INFO
11gR1
06Jan2008
Oracle Complete PLSQL Reference
179
DBMS_APPLY_ADM
11gR1
12Dec2007
incomplete
DBMS_AQ
11gR1
05Nov2007
DBMS_AQADM
11gR1
06Apr2008
DBMS_AQELM
11gR1
08Oct2007
DBMS_ASSERT
11gR1
12Aug2007
DBMS_ASYNCRPC_PUSH
11gR1
08Jul2007
DBMS_AUTO_TASK
11gR1
24Aug2007
DBMS_AUTO_TASK_ADMIN
11gR1
10Oct2007
DBMS_AUTO_TASK_EXPORT
11gR1
10Oct2007
DBMS_AUTO_TASK_IMMEDIATE
11gR1
10Oct2007
DBMS_AW
11gR1
15Feb2008
DBMS_AW_STATS
11gR1
15Feb2008
DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE
11gR1
28May2008
DBMS_CAPTURE_ADM
11gR1
17Oct2007
DBMS_CDC_PUBLISH
11gR1
20Sep2008
DBMS_CDC_SUBSCRIBE
11gR1
18Oct2007
DBMS_CDC_UTILITY
11gR1
20Sep2008
DBMS_CHANGE_NOTIFICATION
11gR1
07Apr2008
DBMS_CLUSTDB
11gR1
08Jul2007
DBMS_COMPARISON
11gR1
30Oct2008
DBMS_CONNECTION_POOL
11gR1
12Aug2007
DBMS_CQ_NOTIFICATIONS
11gR1
25Dec2007
DBMS_CRYPTO
11gR1
11Aug2007
DBMS_CRYPTO_TOOLKIT_TYPES
11gR1
29Jul2007
DBMS_CSX_ADMIN
11gR1
13Sep2007
DBMS_CUBE
11gR1
15Feb2008
DBMS_DATAPUMP
11gR1
27Dec2007
DBMS_DBLINK
11gR1
29Jul2007
DBMS_DB_VERSION
11gR1
25Nov2007
DBMS_DBVERIFY
11gR1
23Aug2007
DBMS_DDL
11gR1
18Mar2008
DBMS_DDL_INTERNAL
11gR1
18Aug2007
DBMS_DESCRIBE
11gR1
18Dec2007
DBMS_DG
11gR1
24Aug2007
DBMS_DIMENSION
11gR1
04Dec2007
DBMS_DISTRIBUTED_TRUST_ADMIN
11gR1
16Mar2008
DBMS_DRS
11gR1
14Dec2007
DBMS_EDITIONS_UTILITIES
11gR1
13Sep2007
DBMS_EPG
11gR1
18Mar2008
DBMS_ERRLOG
11gR1
24Aug2007
DBMS_EXPFIL
11gR1
25Dec2007
DBMS_EXTENDED_TTS_CHECKS
11gR1
07Dec2007
DBMS_FBT
11gR1
26Sep2008
DBMS_FEATURE_USAGE
11gR1
17Aug2007
DBMS_FEATURE_USAGE_REPORT
11gR1
17Aug2007
DBMS_FGA
11gR1
24Dec2007
DBMS_FILE_TRANSFER
11gR1
09Aug2007
DBMS_FLASHBACK
11gR1
14Sep2007
DBMS_FREQUENT_ITEMSET
11gR1
18Mar2008
DBMS_HA_ALERTS
11gR1
14Aug2007
DBMS_HA_ALERTS_PRVT
11gR1
14Aug2007
DBMS_HM
11gR1
24Sep2007
DBMS_HPROF
11gR1
23Aug2007
DBMS_I_INDEX_UTL
11gR1
14Mar2008
DBMS_INDEX_UTL
11gR1
09Aug2007
DBMS_INDEXING
11gR1
09Aug2007
Oracle Complete PLSQL Reference
180
DBMS_IOT
11gR1
17Aug2007
DBMS_IR
11gR1
13Sep2007
DBMS_JOB
11gR1
24Aug2007
See DBMS_SCHEDULER too
DBMS_LCR
11gR1
29Jul2007
DBMS_LDAP
11gR1
13Dec2007
DBMS_LOB
11gR1
25Sep2007
DBMS_LOBUTIL
11gR1
26Sep2007
DBMS_LOCK
11gR1
18Aug2007
DBMS_LOGMNR
11gR1
25Dec2007
DBMS_LOGMNR_D
11gR1
24Apr2008
DBMS_LOGSTDBY
11gR1
17Sep2007
DBMS_MANAGEMENT_PACKS
11gR1
26Sep2007
DBMS_METADATA
11gR1
29Jul2008
DBMS_METADATA_UTIL
11gR1
11Apr2008
DBMS_MONITOR
11gR1
01Feb2008
DBMS_MVIEW
11gR1
04Dec2007
DBMS_NETWORK_ACL_ADMIN
11gR1
26Dec2007
DBMS_NETWORK_ACL_UTILITY
11gR1
09Aug2007
DBMS_OBFUSCATION_TOOLKIT
Deprecated See DBMS_CRYPTO
DBMS_OBJECT_UTILS
11gR1
17Dec2007
DBMS_ODCI
11gR1
09Aug2007
DBMS_OUTLN
11gR1
30Mar2008
DBMS_OUTLN_EDIT
11gR1
30Mar2008
DBMS_OUTPUT
11gR1
10Jul2007
DBMS_PCLXUTIL
11gR1
10Jul2007
DBMS_PREDICTIVE_ANALYTICS
11gR1
13Aug2007
DBMS_PREPROCESSOR
11gR1
13Aug2007
DBMS_PROFILER
11gR1
20Aug2007
DBMS_PROPAGATION_ADM
11gR1
30Mar2008
DBMS_RANDOM
11gR1
10Jul2007
See DBMS_CRYPTO too
DBMS_RECTIFIER_DIFF
11gR1
30Oct2008
DBMS_RECTIFIER_FRIENDS
11gR1
10Jul2007
DBMS_REDEFINITION
11gR1
29Mar2008
DBMS_REFRESH
11gR1
20Aug2007
DBMS_REGISTRY
11gR1
17Aug2008
DBMS_REGISTRY_SERVER
11gR1
24Dec2007
DBMS_REGXDB
11gR1
20Aug2007
DBMS_REPAIR
11gR1
24Dec2007
DBMS_REPUTIL
11gR1
20Sep2007
DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER
11gR1
25Dec2007
DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER_PRIVS
11gR1
24Nov2007
DBMS_RESULT_CACHE
11gR1
02Dec2007
DBMS_RESUMABLE
11gR1
24Nov2007
DBMS_RLS
11gR1
17May2008
DBMS_ROWID
11gR1
26Nov2007
DBMS_SCHEDULER
11gR1
19May2008
DBMS_SCHEMA_COPY
10gR2
06May2006
Dropped from 11.1.0.6
DBMS_SERVER_ALERT
11gR1
07Apr2008
DBMS_SERVER_TRACE
11gR1
30Mar2008
DBMS_SERVICE
11gR1
22Dec2007
DBMS_SESSION
11gR1
14Sep2007
DBMS_SESSION_STATE
11gR1
14Dec2007
DBMS_SHARED_POOL
11gR1
20Nov2007
DBMS_SNAPSHOT
11gR1
07Sep2007
DBMS_SPACE
11gR1
23Aug2007
DBMS_SPACE_ADMIN
11gR1
23Aug2007
Oracle Complete PLSQL Reference
181
DBMS_SPM
11gR1
13Sep2007
DBMS_SQL
11gR1
14Apr2008
DBMS_SQLDIAG
11gR1
28Sep2007
DBMS_SQLHASH
11gR1
29Aug2007
DBMS_SQLJTYPE
11gR1
19Aug2007
DBMS_SQLPA
11gR1
13Sep2007
DBMS_SQLPLUS_SCRIPT
11gR1
06Dec2007
DBMS_SQLTUNE
11gR1
02Dec2008
DBMS_STAT_FUNCS
11gR1
01Apr2008
DBMS_STATS
11gR1
27Nov2008
DBMS_STORAGE_MAP
11gR1
19Aug2007
DBMS_STREAMS
11gR1
01Apr2008
DBMS_STREAMS_ADM
11gR1
01Apr2008
DBMS_STREAMS_AUTH
11gR1
18Dec2007
DBMS_SUPPORT
11gR1
29Jan2008
DBMS_SYSTEM
11gR1
28Mar2008
DBMS_TDB
11gR1
24Dec2007
DBMS_TRACE
11gR1
29Jan2008
DBMS_TRANSACTION
11gR1
03Nov2007
DBMS_TRANSFORM
11gR1
04Apr2008
DBMS_TTS
11gR1
07Apr2008
DBMS_TYPES
11gR1
29Jul2007
DBMS_UNDO_ADV
11gR1
19Aug2007
DBMS_UTILITY
11gR1
04Nov2008
DBMS_WARNING
11gR1
06Jan2008
DBMS_WARNING_INTERNAL
11gR1
15Jul2007
DBMS_WLM
11gR1
19Sep2007
DBMS_WM Synonym
10gR2
17Dec2005
DBMS_WORKLOAD_CAPTURE
11gR1
07Sep2007
DBMS_WORKLOAD_REPLAY
11gR1
07Sep2007
DBMS_WORKLOAD_REPOSITORY
11gR1
17Aug2007
DBMS_XA
11gR1
13Aug2007
DBMS_XDBUTIL_INT
11gR1
26Dec2007
DBMS_XMLGEN
11gR1
29Mar2008
DBMS_XPLAN
11gR1
28Apr2008
DBMS_ZHELP
11gR1
13Jul2007
DBMS_ZHELP_IR
11gR1
13Jul2007
DBV (database verify)
11gR1
05Oct2007
DCL Statements
11gR1
29Jul2007
DDL Event Triggers
11gR1
18Mar2008
Deadlocks
11gR1
08Dec2007
DECODE Function
11gR1
15Aug2007
Deferrable Constraints
11gR1
21Jun2008
Delete Statement
11gR1
12Aug2007
Descending Indexes
11gR1
03Nov2008
DICOM
11gR1
24Sep2008
Dimensions
11gR1
02Dec2008
Directories
11gR1
29Jul2007
Disassociate Statistics
11gR1
03Jan2008
DIUTIL
11gR1
11Jul2007
DML Statements
11gR1
07Jul2007
Dumping Oracle
11gR1
10Apr2008
Dynamic Performance Views
11gR1
28Aug2008
11.5.10
29Sep2007
Editions
11gR1
11Aug2007
Encrypted Tablespaces
11gR1
30Sep2007
EBusiness Suite
Oracle Complete PLSQL Reference
182
Environment Variables
11gR1
30Mar2008
Errors
11gR1
30Jul2007
Events
11gR1
04Sep2008
Exception Handling
11gR1
01Dec2008
Excluded Nodes
11gR1
27Sep2008
Exists
11gR1
08Jul2007
Explain Plan
11gR1
16Aug2007
Export
11gR1
27Oct2007
10g
28Apr2005
External Tables
11gR1
10Feb2008
Files Of Interest
11gR1
25Sep2008
Fine Grained Access Control (FGAC)
11gR1
17May2008
Fine Grained Access Control Demo
11gR1
17Nov2008
Fine Grained Auditing (FGA)
11gR1
24Dec2007
Flashback
11gR1
14Aug2007
Flashback Archive
11gR1
15Oct2007
Flashback Database
11gR1
14Aug2007
Flashback Drop
11gR1
14Aug2007
Flashback Query
11gR1
14Aug2007
Flashback Table
11gR1
14Aug2007
Flashback Transaction
11gR1
14Aug2007
Flashback Version
11gR1
14Aug2007
FOLLOWS Clause (Triggers)
11gR1
12Aug2007
FOR UPDATE
11gR1
07Jul2007
FORALL
11gR1
17Aug2008
Foreign Key Constraint
11gR1
29Feb2008
10g
24Jan2005
Function Based Indexes
11gR1
03Nov2008
Functions: Deterministic
11gR1
27Sep2008
Functions: Miscellaneous
11gR1
19Aug2007
Functions: User Defined
11gR1
10Jan2008
Fusion MiddleWare Application Server
10.1.2.0.2
02Jan2007
Fusion MiddleWare Application Server
10.1.3.0.0
02Jan2007
Global Hints
10gR2
22Aug2006
Global Partitioned Indexes
11gR1
25Nov2007
Global Temporary Tables
11gR1
01Nov2007
Globalization Toolkit
11gR1
10Oct2007
10.2.0.4
01Jan2008
GROUP BY Clauses
11gR1
22Oct2007
GROUP ID
11gR1
22Oct2007
GROUPING SETS
11gR1
22Oct2007
Guaranteed Restore Point
11gR1
29Jul2007
GV$ Views
11gR1
01Nov2007
Hash Partitioning
11gR1
25Nov2007
HAVING Clauses
11gR1
22Oct2007
Heap Tables
11gR1
26Nov2008
Hints
10gR2
08Apr2008
Histograms
11gR1
02Mar2008
Host Environment
11gR1
02Mar2008
HTP
11gR1
30Mar2008
IF Statements
11gR1
06Aug2007
Import
11gR1
27Oct2007
Indexes
11gR1
03Nov2008
Index Organized Tables (IOT)
11gR1
09Nov2007
Init SID Dot Ora
11gR1
13Nov2008
Inline Views
11gR1
02Mar2008
Expression Filtering
FORMs
Grid Control
Oracle Complete PLSQL Reference
183
Insert Statements
11gR1
29Oct2007
InsteadOf Triggers
11gR1
08Nov2008
Instring Function
11gR1
27Jul2007
Intermedia Audio
11gR1
25Aug2008
Intermedia Video
11gR1
25Aug2008
Interval
11gR1
20Dec2007
Interval Partitioning
11gR1
25Nov2007
Invisible Indexes
11gR1
03Nov2008
Invited Nodes
11gR1
27Sep2008
IS NOT OF TYPE
11gR1
17Aug2008
IS OF ONLY
11gR1
17Aug2008
IS OF TYPE
11gR1
17Aug2008
Java Functions
11gR1
20Mar2008
Joins
11gR1
16Aug2008
Keep Pool
11gR1
15Jul2007
Killing Sessions
11gR1
08Feb2008
Large Objects
11gR1
18Oct2008
LCR$_XML_SCHEMA
11gR1
18Oct2008
Licensing
10gR2
30Sep2006
Licensing
11gR1
08Feb2008
Linux Installation for Oracle RDBMS
10gR2
16Jan2008
Linux Installation for Oracle RDBMS
11gR1
16Jan2008
List Partitioning
11gR1
25Nov2007
Listener
11gR1
03Mar2008
LOB Compression
11gR1
29Jul2007
LOBs
11gR1
18Oct2008
Local Partitioned Indexes
11gR1
25Nov2007
Locks
11gR1
09Feb2008
Log Files
11gR1
27Nov2007
LONG To CLOB
11gR1
09Feb2008
Loops
11gR1
19Dec2007
LT Builtin Package
10gR2
17Dec2005
Materialized Views
11gR1
06Jun2008
Merge Statement
11gR1
12Aug2007
24Apr2007
Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Comparison Microsoft Vista Enterprise and Oracle
21Apr2007
10g
09Dec2006
Multimedia Audio
11gR1
25Aug2008
Multimedia Video
11gR1
25Aug2008
Multiset
11gR1
21Jul2007
Multiversion Concurrency Control (MVCC)
11gR1
11Nov2007
Native Compilation
11gR1
09Aug2007
Native Dynamic SQL (NDS)
11gR1
20Feb2008
Nested Loops
11gR1
24Dec2007
Nested Tables
11gR1
02Dec2008
Nested Table Constraints
11gR1
23Nov2007
NetApp Filer Head
11gR1
10Oct2008
Net Services
11gR1
13Nov2008
Model Clause
Network Appliance Filer Management
16Jan2007
NID (change internal database identifier)
11gR1
05Oct2007
No Segment Indexes
11gR1
03Nov2008
NOCOPY
11gR1
14Sep2007
28May2007
NOWAIT
11gR1
07Jul2007
Numeric Functions
11gR1
16Oct2008
NULL
11gR1
14Sep2007
Normalization
Oracle Complete PLSQL Reference
184
NULL Pruning
11gR1
04Dec2007
Object Privileges
11gR1
24Dec2007
10g
17Nov2004
Object Tables: See Nested Tables and Varrays
11gR1
20Sep2008
OBJECT_ID
11gR1
25Aug2007
Operators: Builtin
11gR1
16Aug2008
Operators: User Defined
11gR1
19Sep2007
ORA_HASH
11gR1
13Jul2007
ORA_NAME_LIST_T
11gR1
22Dec2007
ORA_ROWSCN
11gR1
25Aug2007
ORADEBUG
11gR1
25Sep2008
ORADIM
10gR2
23Nov2005
ORAPWD
11gR1
13Dec2007
ORDER BY Clause
11gR1
22Oct2007
Outlines
11gR1
30Mar2008
OUTLN_EDIT_PKG
11gR1
30Mar2008
OUTLN_PKG
11gR1
30Mar2008
OWA
11gR1
18Dec2007
OWA_CUSTOM
11gR1
15Sep2007
OWA_CX
11gR1
15Sep2007
OWA_OPT_LOCK
11gR1
15Sep2007
OWA_SEC
11gR1
15Sep2007
OWA_TEXT
11gR1
15Sep2007
OWA_UTIL
11gR1
09Apr2008
Packages: User Defined
11gR1
17Oct2008
Parent Correlation Name
11gR1
06Aug2007
Partitioning (tables and indexes)
11gR1
25Nov2007
Partitioning by Reference
11gR1
25Nov2007
Partition by System
11gR1
29Dec2007
Partitioning Elimination Demo
11gR1
25Nov2007
Partitioning Pruning Demo
11gR1
25Nov2007
Password File
11gR1
19Nov2008
Pipelined Table Functions
11gR1
17Dec2007
Pivot
11gR1
02Oct2007
PLSHPROF
11gR1
23Aug2007
PLSQL_CCFLAGS
11gR1
25Nov2007
PL/Scope
11gR1
02Feb2008
PL/SQL Object Settings
11gR1
09Aug2007
PL/SQL Warnings
11gR1
16Jan2008
PRAGMAS
11gR1
27Jan2008
PRAGMA Autonomous_Transaction
11gR1
30Jan2008
PRAGMA Exception_Init
11gR1
02Oct2007
PRAGMA Inline
11gR1
02Oct2007
ObjectRelational Views
PRAGMA Serially Reusable
11gR1
02Oct2007
Primary Key Constraint
11gR1
25Nov2007
Procedures
11gR1
17Dec2007
Product User Profiles
11gR1
17Oct2007
Profiles
11gR1
20Dec2007
Protocol.ora
11gR1
27Sep2008
Deprecated See: SQLNET.ORA
Pseudo Columns
11gR1
25Aug2007
Public Synonyms
11gR1
21Jul2007
Purge Recyclebin
11gR1
14Aug2007
Purge Table
11gR1
14Sep2007
Quote Delimiters
11gR1
14Sep2007
RAC
11gR1
15Oct2008
RAID
11gR1
09Feb2008
Oracle Complete PLSQL Reference
185
Range Partitioning
11gR1
25Nov2007
Rank
11gR1
02Mar2008
RDA
10gR2
05Oct2006
Real Application Clusters
11gR1
15Oct2008
Recycle Bin
11gR1
30Dec2007
Recycle Pool
11gR1
15Jul2007
Redo
11gR1
01Oct2007
Ref Cursors
11gR1
05Dec2007
Referential Constraint
11gR1
29Feb2008
Referential Partition
11gR1
25Nov2007
Regular Expressions
11gR1
09Feb2008
Remote Diagnostic Agent
10gR2
05Oct2006
Replace Builtin Function
11gR1
07Aug2007
Restore Point
11gR1
29Jul2007
Result Cache (SQL)
11gR1
02Dec2007
Result Cache (PL/SQL)
11gR1
02Dec2007
Resumable Transactions_
11gR1
03Nov2007
Reverse Key Indexes
11gR1
03Nov2008
Rewrite Equivalence
11gR1
11Aug2007
RMAN
10gR2
26Apr2006
incomplete
RMAN Demo
11gR1
20Oct2008
Roles
11gR1
03Oct2007
Rollback
11gR1
07Jul2007
Rollup
11gR1
06Oct2007
ROWDEPENDENCIES
11gR1
25Aug2007
ROWID
11gR1
25Aug2007
Row Level Security
11gR1
17May2008
ROWNUM
11gR1
25Aug2007
16Apr2004
Deprecated
Sample Clause
11gR1
29Oct2008
Savepoint
11gR1
07Jul2007
Schema
11gR1
08Jul2007
SecureFiles
11gR1
19Jul2008
Security
11gR1
27May2008
Segments
11gR1
18Oct2008
Select Statement
11gR1
29Oct2008
Select Into Statement
11gR1
29Oct2008
Sequences
11gR1
11Aug2007
Services
11gR1
22Dec2007
Sessions
11gR1
11Sep2008
Set Operators
11gR1
19Sep2007
SET TRANSACTION
11gR1
15Dec2007
SHOW
11gR1
24Dec2007
SKIP LOCKED
11gR1
07Jul2007
SLEEP
11gR1
25Aug2007
Snapshots
11gR1
21Nov2007
Sorted Hash Clusters
11gR1
20Jul2007
Soundex
11gR1
14Sep2007
SPFile
11gR1
13Nov2008
SQL Injection
10gR2
05Mar2007
SQL*Loader
10gR2
17Dec2007
SQL*Plus
11gR1
16Dec2007
SQLNET.ORA
11gR1
27Sep2008
Standard
11gR1
01Dec2008
Starting & Stopping The Database
11gR1
05Apr2008
Startup Parameters
11gR1
13Nov2008
Rule Based Optimizer (RBO)
Oracle Complete PLSQL Reference
186
Stored Outlines
11gR1
30Mar2008
Stored Procedures
11gR1
17Dec2007
19Oct2006
Streams Demo 1
10gR2
07Jun2007
Streams Demo 2
10gR2
07Jun2007
Streams Demo 3
10gR2
07Jun2007
String Functions
11gR1
16Oct2008
Subqueries
11gR1
08Jul2007
Substring Function
11gR1
27Jul2007
26Jan2007
Synonyms
11gR1
21Jul2007
SYS_CONTEXT Builtin Function
11gR1
19Aug2007
SYS_GUID
11gR1
09Dec2006
SYS_OP_COMBINED_HASH
11gR1
18Aug2008
SYS_OP_DESCEND
11gR1
25Aug2007
SYS_OP_DISTINCT
11gR1
25Aug2007
SYS_OP_GUID
11gR1
25Aug2007
SYS_OP_LBID
11gR1
25Aug2007
SYS_OP_MAP_NONNULL
11gR1
25Aug2007
SYS_OP_RAWTONUM
11gR1
25Aug2007
SYS_OP_RPB
11gR1
25Aug2007
SYS_OP_TOSETID
11gR1
25Aug2007
SYS_TYPEID
11gR1
25Aug2007
System
11gR1
20Sep2008
System Events
11gR1
18Mar2008
System Event Triggers
11gR1
06Jan2008
System Privileges
11gR1
08Jan2008
System Statistics
11gR1
08Apr2008
Table Collection Expression
11gR1
30Nov2008
Tables
11gR1
26Nov2008
Table Triggers
11gR1
13Feb2008
Tablespaces
11gR1
23Oct2008
Tablespace Groups
11gR1
22Nov2007
Timestamp
11gR1
20Dec2007
Time Zones
11gR1
20Dec2007
TKPROF
11gR1
04Sep2008
Total Recall
11gR1
09Aug2007
Trace File Identifier
11gR1
19Feb2008
Tracing
11gR1
04Sep2008
Transaction Backout
11gR1
16Oct2007
Transactions
11gR1
15Dec2007
Translate Builtin Function
11gR1
07Aug2007
Transparent Data Encryption
11gR1
29Oct2007
Transportable Tablespaces
11gR1
21Jun2008
Truncate (Tables & Partitions)
11gR1
30Jul2007
Tuning
11gR1
15Aug2008
Types
11gR1
02Dec2008
Undo Tablespace
11gR1
20Nov2008
Undocumented Oracle
11gR1
17Aug2008
09Apr2008
Unique Constraint
11gR1
25Nov2007
Unpivot
11gR1
02Oct2007
Update Statement
11gR1
02Nov2007
USERENV
11gR1
25Aug2007
See SYS_CONTEXT
Users
11gR1
22Apr2008
USER_LOCK
11gR1
27Jul2007
Storage
Sybase ASE 15.0.1 Comparison
UNIX / vi
Oracle Complete PLSQL Reference
187
Utilities
11gR1
19Nov2008
UTL_COLL
11gR1
29Jul2007
UTL_COMPRESS
11gR1
29Jul2007
UTL_ENCODE
11gR1
10Oct2007
UTL_FILE
11gR1
18Mar2008
UTL_GDK
11gR1
10Oct2007
UTL_HTTP
11gR1
23Jan2008
UTL_I18N
11gR1
27Jul2007
UTL_INADDR
11gR1
07Jul2007
UTL_LMS
11gR1
07Jul2007
UTL_MAIL
11gR1
11Aug2007
UTL_MATCH
11gR1
10Oct2007
UTL_RAW
11gR1
10Oct2007
UTL_RECOMP
11gR1
30Jul2007
UTL_REF
11gR1
31Mar2008
UTL_SMTP
11gR1
18Dec2007
Deprecated: See UTL_MAIL
UTL_SPADV
11gR1
18Mar2008
UTL_TCP
11gR1
12Aug2007
UTL_URL
11gR1
11Aug2007
UTL_XML
11gR1
01Apr2008
Variables
11gR1
21Aug2007
VARRAYS
11gR1
01Apr2008
VERSIONS BETWEEN
11gR1
25Aug2007
Views
11gR1
26Oct2007
Virtual Columns
11gR1
18Oct2007
Virtual Column Partitioning
11gR1
25Nov2007
Virtual Indexes
11gR1
03Nov2008
Virtual Private Database
11gR1
17May2008
V$ Views
11gR1
01Nov2007
WAIT
11gR1
07Jul2007
Where Clause
11gR1
29Jul2007
Wildcards
11gR1
14Sep2007
WITH Clause
11gR1
10Feb2008
WM_CONCAT
11gR1
03Dec2007
Workspace Manager
10gR2
17Dec2005
WPG_DOCLOAD
11gR1
17Dec2007
Wrap
11gR1
05Oct2007
Write CLOB to file
11gR1
01Feb2008
XML Functions
11gR1
14Sep2007
XMLQuery
11gR1
27Jan2008
XMLTable
11gR1
26Jan2008
XMLTYPE
11gR1
14Jul2007
XML Tables
11gR1
26Jan2008
XML SCHEMA_NAME_PRESENT
11gR1
17Jun2008
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3. built in PKG Oracle Builtin Packages Version 11.1
Oracle Complete PLSQL Reference
189
Common Name
Owner
Undocumented
SYS
Baseline Statistics
DBSNMP
Undocumented
Package Name BLAST_CUR BSLN BSLN_INTERNAL
ORDSYS CARTRIDGE
Context Administration
Last Modified 14Dec2007
-
CTX_ADM
*
Context
CTX_CATSEARCH
Context
CTX_CLS
*
Context
CTX_CONTAINS
Context
CTX_DDL
24Dec2007
Context
CTX_DOC
*
Context
CTXSYS CTX_MATCHES
Context
CTX_OUTPUT
*
Context
CTX_QUERY
*
Context
CTX_REPORT
*
CTX_THES
*
Context
CTX_ULEXER
*
Context
CTX_XPCONTAINS
CWM2_OLAP_INSTALLER
-
Context Thesaurus
Validates OLAP Installation
SYS
Export Support for SQL Tuning Base
DBMSHSXP
Internal
Replication Object Generator
DBMSOBJG
08Jul2007
Generate Partitioned Object Storage
DBMSOBJG2
Internal
DBMSOBJGWRAPPER
Internal
Generate DDL
DBMSOBJG_DP
Internal
Undocumented
DBMSZEXP_SYSPKGGRNT
Internal
SYS
Generate and rollback DDL
ADDM
SYS
DBMS_ADDM
16Nov2007
Query Equivalence
SYS
DBMS_ADVANCED_REWRITE
11Aug2007
ADDM
SYS
DBMS_ADVISOR
01Feb2008
Asynchronous Messaging
SYS
DBMS_ALERT
08Jul2007
Move OLAP Catalog
SYS
DBMS_AMD
08Jul2007
Contexts / Security
SYS
DBMS_APPCTX
Internal
Register Code For Tracking
SYS
DBMS_APPLICATION_INFO
06-Jan2008
Streams Apply Process
DBMS_APPLY_ADM
Streams Apply Process Internal Processes Streams Apply Process Error Handling
SYS
Streams Internal New in 11g Streams Internal SYS
Advanced Queuing Interface Advanced Queuing Administrator Used by DBMS_AQADM to manage Streams AQ
Internal
DBMS_APPLY_ERROR
Internal
DBMS_APPLY_POSITION
Internal
DBMS_APPLY_PROCESS
Internal
DBMS_AQ
05Nov2007
DBMS_AQADM
06Apr2008
DBMS_AQADM_SYS
Advanced Queuing
DBMS_AQADM_SYSCALLS
Email & HTTP Asynchronous Notification
DBMS_AQELM
Secure Access To JMS Interfaces
DBMS_AQIN
JMS Interface
DBMS_AQJMS
JMS Interface Internal
12Dec2007
DBMS_APPLY_ADM_INTERNAL
DBMS_AQJMS_INTERNAL
Internal 08Oct2007 * Internal
Advanced Queuing
DBMS_AQ_BQVIEW
Advanced Queuing
DBMS_AQ_EXP_CMT_TIME_TABLES
Advanced Queuing
DBMS_AQ_EXP_HISTORY_TABLES
DBMS_AQ_EXP_INDEX_TABLES
Advanced Queuing Advanced Queuing Oracle Complete PLSQL Reference
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Oracle Complete PLSQL Reference
191
Loop Examples – Mohamed gamal course SQL> SQL> SQL> -- basic loop SQL> SQL> SQL> select * from dept; DEPTNO DNAME LOC ---------- -------------- ------------10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK 20 RESEARCH DALLAS 30 SALES CHICAGO 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON SQL> SQL> SQL> set serveroutput on; SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> create or replace procedure rep1 2 3 is 4 v1 number(5); 5 v2 varchar2(20); 6 v3 varchar2(20); 7 8 begin 9 select deptno , dnaem , loc 10 into v1 , v2 , v3 11 from dept; 12 13 dbms_output.put_line(v1 || ' ' || v2 || ' ' || v3) 14 15 end 16 ; 17 / Warning: Procedure created with compilation errors. SQL> show err; Errors for PROCEDURE REP1: LINE/COL ERROR -------- ----------------------------------------------------------------15/1 PLS-00103: Encountered the symbol "END" when expecting one of the following: := . ( % ; The symbol ";" was substituted for "END" to continue. Oracle Complete PLSQL Reference
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SQL> ed; Wrote file afiedt.buf 1 create or replace procedure rep1 2 is 3 v1 number(5); 4 v2 varchar2(20); 5 v3 varchar2(20); 6 begin 7 select deptno , dnaem , loc 8 into v1 , v2 , v3 9 from dept; 10 dbms_output.put_line(v1 || ' ' || v2 || ' ' || v3); 11 end 12* ; 13 / Warning: Procedure created with compilation errors. SQL> show err; Errors for PROCEDURE REP1: LINE/COL ERROR -------- ----------------------------------------------------------------7/1 PL/SQL: SQL Statement ignored 7/17 PL/SQL: ORA-00904: "DNAEM": invalid identifier SQL> ed; Wrote file afiedt.buf 1 create or replace procedure rep1 2 is 3 v1 number(5); 4 v2 varchar2(20); 5 v3 varchar2(20); 6 begin 7 select deptno , dname , loc 8 into v1 , v2 , v3 9 from dept; 10 dbms_output.put_line(v1 || ' ' || v2 || ' ' || v3); 11 end 12* ; SQL> / Procedure created. SQL> exex rep1; SP2-0042: unknown command "exex rep1" - rest of line ignored. SQL> exec rep1; BEGIN rep1; END; * ERROR at line 1: Oracle Complete PLSQL Reference
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ORA-01422: exact fetch returns more than requested number of rows ORA-06512: at "SCOTT.REP1", line 7 ORA-06512: at line 1 SQL> SQL> SQL> ed; Wrote file afiedt.buf 1 create or replace procedure rep1 2 is 3 v1 number(5); 4 v2 varchar2(20); 5 v3 varchar2(20); 6 v_counter number(5) := 10; 7 begin 8 select deptno , dname , loc 9 into v1 , v2 , v3 10 from dept 11 where deptno = v_counter; 12 dbms_output.put_line(v1 || ' ' || v2 || ' ' || v3); 13 end 14* ; 15 / Procedure created. SQL> exec rep1; 10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> ed; Wrote file afiedt.buf 1 create or replace procedure rep1 2 is 3 v1 number(5); 4 v2 varchar2(20); 5 v3 varchar2(20); 6 v_counter number(5) := 10; 7 begin 8 LOOP 9 select deptno , dname , loc 10 into v1 , v2 , v3 11 from dept 12 where deptno = v_counter; 13 dbms_output.put_line(v1 || ' ' || v2 || ' ' || v3); 14 v_counter := v_counter + 10 ; 15 exit when v_counter = 50; 16 end loop; Oracle Complete PLSQL Reference
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17 end 18* ; 19 / Procedure created. SQL> exec rep1; 10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK 20 RESEARCH DALLAS 30 SALES CHICAGO 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> ed; Wrote file afiedt.buf 1 create or replace procedure rep1 2 is 3 v1 number(5); 4 v2 varchar2(20); 5 v3 varchar2(20); 6 v_counter number(5) := 10; 7 vmax number(5); 8 begin 9 select max(deptno) into vmax from dept; 10 LOOP 11 select deptno , dname , loc 12 into v1 , v2 , v3 13 from dept 14 where deptno = v_counter; 15 dbms_output.put_line(v1 || ' ' || v2 || ' ' || v3); 16 v_counter := v_counter + 10 ; 17 exit when v_counter = vmax+1; 18 end loop; 19 end 20* ; 21 / Procedure created. SQL> exec rep1; 10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK 20 RESEARCH DALLAS 30 SALES CHICAGO 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON BEGIN rep1; END; * ERROR at line 1: ORA-01403: no data found ORA-06512: at "SCOTT.REP1", line 11 Oracle Complete PLSQL Reference
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ORA-06512: at line 1 SQL> ed; Wrote file afiedt.buf 1 create or replace procedure rep1 2 is 3 v1 number(5); 4 v2 varchar2(20); 5 v3 varchar2(20); 6 v_counter number(5) := 10; 7 vmax number(5); 8 begin 9 select max(deptno) into vmax from dept; 10 LOOP 11 select deptno , dname , loc 12 into v1 , v2 , v3 13 from dept 14 where deptno = v_counter; 15 dbms_output.put_line(v1 || ' ' || v2 || ' ' || v3); 16 v_counter := v_counter + 10 ; 17 exit when v_counter > vmax; 18 end loop; 19 end 20* ; SQL> / Procedure created. SQL> exec rep1; 10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK 20 RESEARCH DALLAS 30 SALES CHICAGO 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> select * from dept; DEPTNO DNAME LOC ---------- -------------- ------------10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK 20 RESEARCH DALLAS 30 SALES CHICAGO 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON SQL> insert into dept values(50,'a','a'); 1 row created. SQL> ed; Oracle Complete PLSQL Reference
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Wrote file afiedt.buf 1* insert into dept values(60,'a','a') SQL> / 1 row created. SQL> ed; Wrote file afiedt.buf 1* insert into dept values(70,'a','a') SQL> / 1 row created. SQL> commit; Commit complete. SQL> exec rep1; 10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK 20 RESEARCH DALLAS 30 SALES CHICAGO 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON 50 a a 60 a a 70 a a PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> update emp set dname = null where deptno = 50; update emp set dname = null where deptno = 50 * ERROR at line 1: ORA-00904: "DNAME": invalid identifier SQL> ed; Wrote file afiedt.buf 1* update dept set dname = null where deptno = 50 SQL> / 1 row updated. SQL> commit; Commit complete. SQL> exec rep1; 10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK 20 RESEARCH DALLAS Oracle Complete PLSQL Reference
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30 SALES CHICAGO 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON 50 a 60 a a 70 a a PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> create or replace procedure rep1 2 is 3 v1 number(5); 4 v2 varchar2(20); 5 v3 varchar2(20); 6 v_counter number(5) := 10; 7 vmax number(5); 8 begin 9 select max(deptno) into vmax from dept; 10 for i in 1..7 loop 11 select deptno , dname , loc 12 into v1 , v2 , v3 13 from dept 14 where deptno = v_counter; 15 dbms_output.put_line(v1 || ' ' || v2 || ' ' || v3); 16 v_counter := v_counter + 10 ; 17 18 end loop; 19 end 20 ; 21 / Procedure created. SQL> exec rep1; 10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK 20 RESEARCH DALLAS 30 SALES CHICAGO 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON 50 a 60 a a 70 a a PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> select * from dept; DEPTNO DNAME LOC ---------- -------------- ------------10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK 20 RESEARCH DALLAS 30 SALES CHICAGO 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON 50 a Oracle Complete PLSQL Reference
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60 a 70 a
a a
7 rows selected. SQL> create or replace procedure rep1 2 is 3 v1 number(5); 4 v2 varchar2(20); 5 v3 varchar2(20); 6 v_counter number(5) := 10; 7 x number(5); 8 begin 9 10 select count(*) into x from dept; 11 for i in 1..x loop 12 select deptno , dname , loc 13 into v1 , v2 , v3 14 from dept 15 where deptno = v_counter; 16 dbms_output.put_line(v1 || ' ' || v2 || ' ' || v3); 17 v_counter := v_counter + 10 ; 18 19 end loop; 20 end 21 ; 22 / Procedure created. SQL> exec rep1; 10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK 20 RESEARCH DALLAS 30 SALES CHICAGO 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON 50 a 60 a a 70 a a PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> delete from dept where deptno > 50; 2 rows deleted. SQL> commit; Commit complete. SQL> select * from dept; DEPTNO DNAME Oracle Complete PLSQL Reference
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---------- -------------- ------------10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK 20 RESEARCH DALLAS 30 SALES CHICAGO 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON 50 a SQL> exec rep1; 10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK 20 RESEARCH DALLAS 30 SALES CHICAGO 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON 50 a PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> select count(*) from emp; COUNT(*) ---------14 SQL> select count(*) from dept; COUNT(*) ---------5 SQL> create or replace procedure rep1 2 is 3 v1 number(5); 4 v2 varchar2(20); 5 v3 varchar2(20); 6 v_counter number(5) := 10; 7 begin 8 while v_counter > 50 loop 9 select deptno , dname , loc 10 into v1 , v2 , v3 11 from dept 12 where deptno = v_counter; 13 dbms_output.put_line(v1 || ' ' || v2 || ' ' || v3); 14 v_counter := v_counter + 10 ; 15 16 end loop; 17 end 18 ; 19 / Procedure created. SQL> exec rep1; Oracle Complete PLSQL Reference
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PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> set serveroutput on; SQL> SQL> exec rep1; PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> exec rep1; PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> ed; Wrote file afiedt.buf 1 create or replace procedure rep1 2 is 3 v1 number(5); 4 v2 varchar2(20); 5 v3 varchar2(20); 6 v_counter number(5) := 10; 7 begin 8 while v_counter < 50 loop 9 select deptno , dname , loc 10 into v1 , v2 , v3 11 from dept 12 where deptno = v_counter; 13 dbms_output.put_line(v1 || ' ' || v2 || ' ' || v3); 14 v_counter := v_counter + 10 ; 15 end loop; 16 end 17* ; 18 / Procedure created. SQL> exec rep1; 10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK 20 RESEARCH DALLAS 30 SALES CHICAGO 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> ed; Wrote file afiedt.buf 1 2 3 4 5
create or replace procedure rep1 is v1 number(5); v2 varchar2(20); v3 varchar2(20);
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6 v_counter number(5) := 10; 7 x number(5); 8 begin 9 select max(deptno) into x from dept 10 while v_counter < x loop 11 select deptno , dname , loc 12 into v1 , v2 , v3 13 from dept 14 where deptno = v_counter; 15 dbms_output.put_line(v1 || ' ' || v2 || ' ' || v3); 16 v_counter := v_counter + 10 ; 17 end loop; 18 end 19* ; SQL> / Warning: Procedure created with compilation errors. SQL> show err; Errors for PROCEDURE REP1: LINE/COL ERROR -------- ----------------------------------------------------------------9/1 PL/SQL: SQL Statement ignored 10/7 PL/SQL: ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended 17/5 PLS-00113: END identifier 'LOOP' must match 'REP1' at line 1, column 11 18/1 PLS-00103: Encountered the symbol "END" SQL> ed; Wrote file afiedt.buf 1 create or replace procedure rep1 2 is 3 v1 number(5); 4 v2 varchar2(20); 5 v3 varchar2(20); 6 v_counter number(5) := 10; 7 x number(5); 8 begin 9 select max(deptno) into x from dept; 10 while v_counter < x loop 11 select deptno , dname , loc 12 into v1 , v2 , v3 13 from dept 14 where deptno = v_counter; 15 dbms_output.put_line(v1 || ' ' || v2 || ' ' || v3); 16 v_counter := v_counter + 10 ; 17 end loop; 18* end; SQL> / Oracle Complete PLSQL Reference
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Procedure created. SQL> exec rep1; 10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK 20 RESEARCH DALLAS 30 SALES CHICAGO 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> select * from dept; DEPTNO DNAME LOC ---------- -------------- ------------10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK 20 RESEARCH DALLAS 30 SALES CHICAGO 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON 50 a SQL> create or replace procedure rep1 2 is 3 v1 number(5); 4 v2 varchar2(20); 5 v3 varchar2(20); 6 v_counter number(5) := 10; 7 x number(5); 8 begin 9 select max(deptno) into x from dept; 10 while v_counter < x loop 11 select deptno , dname , loc 12 into v1 , v2 , v3 13 from dept 14 where deptno = v_counter; 15 dbms_output.put_line(v1 || ' ' || v2 || ' ' || v3); 16 v_counter := v_counter + 10 ; 17 end loop; 18 end; 19 / Procedure created. SQL> ed; Wrote file afiedt.buf 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
create or replace procedure rep1 is v1 number(5); v2 varchar2(20); v3 varchar2(20); v_counter number(5) := 10; x number(5);
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8 begin 9 select max(deptno) into x from dept; 10 while v_counter / Procedure created. SQL> exec rep1; 10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK 20 RESEARCH DALLAS 30 SALES CHICAGO 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON 50 a PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> insert into dept values (60,'b','b'); 1 row created. SQL> commit; Commit complete. SQL> exec rep1; 10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK 20 RESEARCH DALLAS 30 SALES CHICAGO 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON 50 a 60 b b PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> select * from emp; EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO ---------- ---------- --------- ---------- -------- ---------- ---------- ---------7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17/12/80 800 20 7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20/02/81 1600 300 30 7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22/02/81 1250 500 30 7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02/04/81 2975 20 7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28/09/81 1250 1400 30 7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01/05/81 2850 30 Oracle Complete PLSQL Reference
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7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09/06/81 2450 7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19/04/87 3000 7839 KING PRESIDENT 17/11/81 5000 7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08/09/81 1500 7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23/05/87 1100 7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03/12/81 950 7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03/12/81 3000 7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23/01/82 1300 14 rows selected. SQL> create or replace procedure rep1 2 is 3 v1 number(5); 4 v2 varchar2(20); 5 v3 varchar2(20); 6 7 begin 8 9 for i in 1..14 loop 10 11 select empno , ename , job 12 into v1 , v2 , v3 13 from emp; 14 dbms_output.put_line(v1 || ' ' || v2 || ' ' || v3); 15 16 end loop; 17 end; 18 / Procedure created. SQL> exec rep1; BEGIN rep1; END; * ERROR at line 1: ORA-01422: exact fetch returns more than requested number of rows ORA-06512: at "SCOTT.REP1", line 11 ORA-06512: at line 1 SQL> select empno , ename , job from emp; EMPNO ENAME JOB ---------- ---------- --------7369 SMITH CLERK 7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7521 WARD SALESMAN 7566 JONES MANAGER 7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 BLAKE MANAGER Oracle Complete PLSQL Reference
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10 20 10 0 30 20 30 20 10
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7839 KING PRESIDENT 7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7876 ADAMS CLERK 7900 JAMES CLERK 7902 FORD ANALYST 7934 MILLER CLERK 14 rows selected. SQL> create or replace procedure rep1 2 is 3 v1 number(5); 4 v2 varchar2(20); 5 v3 varchar2(20); 6 7 begin 8 9 for i in (select empno , ename , job from emp) loop 10 select empno , ename , job 11 into v1 , v2 , v3 12 from emp; 13 dbms_output.put_line(I.v1 || ' ' || I.v2 || ' ' || I.v3); 14 15 end loop; 16 end 17 ; 18 / Warning: Procedure created with compilation errors. SQL> SHOW ERR; Errors for PROCEDURE REP1: LINE/COL ERROR -------- ----------------------------------------------------------------13/1 PL/SQL: Statement ignored 13/24 PLS-00302: component 'V1' must be declared SQL> ED; Wrote file afiedt.buf 1 create or replace procedure rep1 2 is 3 v1 number(5); 4 v2 varchar2(20); 5 v3 varchar2(20); 6 begin 7 for i in (select empno , ename , job from emp) loop 8 select empno , ename , job 9 into v1 , v2 , v3 10 from emp; Oracle Complete PLSQL Reference
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11 dbms_output.put_line(i.v1 || ' ' || i.v2 || ' ' || i.v3); 12 end loop; 13 end 14* ; 15 / Warning: Procedure created with compilation errors. SQL> show err; Errors for PROCEDURE REP1: LINE/COL ERROR -------- ----------------------------------------------------------------11/1 PL/SQL: Statement ignored 11/24 PLS-00302: component 'V1' must be declared SQL> ed; Wrote file afiedt.buf 1 create or replace procedure rep1 2 is 3 v1 number(5); 4 v2 varchar2(20); 5 v3 varchar2(20); 6 begin 7 for i in (select empno , ename , job from emp) loop 8 select empno , ename , job 9 into i.v1 , i.v2 , i.v3 10 from emp; 11 dbms_output.put_line(i.v1 || ' ' || i.v2 || ' ' || i.v3); 12 end loop; 13 end 14* ; SQL> / Warning: Procedure created with compilation errors. SQL> show err; Errors for PROCEDURE REP1: LINE/COL ERROR -------- ----------------------------------------------------------------8/1 PL/SQL: SQL Statement ignored 9/8 PLS-00302: component 'V1' must be declared 9/25 PL/SQL: ORA-00904: : invalid identifier 11/1 PL/SQL: Statement ignored 11/24 PLS-00302: component 'V1' must be declared SQL> ed; Wrote file afiedt.buf 1 create or replace procedure rep1 2 is 3 v1 number(5); Oracle Complete PLSQL Reference
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4 v2 varchar2(20); 5 v3 varchar2(20); 6 begin 7 for i in (select empno , ename , job from emp) loop 8 select empno , ename , job 9 into v1,v2,v3 10 from emp; 11 dbms_output.put_line(i.v1 || ' ' || i.v2 || ' ' || i.v3); 12 end loop; 13 end 14* ; SQL> / Warning: Procedure created with compilation errors. SQL> show err; Errors for PROCEDURE REP1: LINE/COL ERROR -------- ----------------------------------------------------------------11/1 PL/SQL: Statement ignored 11/24 PLS-00302: component 'V1' must be declared SQL> SQL> SQL> ed; Wrote file afiedt.buf 1 create or replace procedure rep1 2 is 3 v1 number(5); 4 v2 varchar2(20); 5 v3 varchar2(20); 6 begin 7 for i in (select empno , ename , job from emp) loop 8 dbms_output.put_line(i.v1 || ' ' || i.v2 || ' ' || i.v3); 9 end loop; 10 end 11* ; SQL> / Warning: Procedure created with compilation errors. SQL> show err; Errors for PROCEDURE REP1: LINE/COL ERROR -------- ----------------------------------------------------------------8/1 PL/SQL: Statement ignored 8/24 PLS-00302: component 'V1' must be declared SQL> SQL> ed; Wrote file afiedt.buf Oracle Complete PLSQL Reference
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1 create or replace procedure rep1 2 is 3 begin 4 for i in (select empno , ename , job from emp) loop 5 dbms_output.put_line(i.empno || ' ' || i.ename || ' ' || i.job); 6 end loop; 7 end 8* ; SQL> / Procedure created. SQL> exec rep1; 7369 SMITH CLERK 7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7521 WARD SALESMAN 7566 JONES MANAGER 7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7782 CLARK MANAGER 7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7839 KING PRESIDENT 7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7876 ADAMS CLERK 7900 JAMES CLERK 7902 FORD ANALYST 7934 MILLER CLERK PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> SQL> SQL> create or replace procedure rep1 2 is 3 v1 number(5); 4 v2 varchar2(20); 5 v3 varchar2(20); 6 begin 7 for i in (select empno , ename , job from emp) loop 8 dbms_output.put_line(i.v1 || ' ' || i.v2 || ' ' || i.v3) 9 end loop; 10 end 11 ; 12 / Warning: Procedure created with compilation errors. SQL> ed; Wrote file afiedt.buf 1 create or replace procedure rep1 Oracle Complete PLSQL Reference
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2 is 3 v1 number(5); 4 v2 varchar2(20); 5 v3 varchar2(20); 6 begin 7 for i in (select empno , ename , job from emp) loop 8 v1 := i.empno; 9 v2 := i.ename; 10 v3 := i.job; 11 dbms_output.put_line(v1 || ' ' || v2 || ' ' || v3); 12 end loop; 13 end 14* ; SQL> / Procedure created. SQL> exec rep1; 7369 SMITH CLERK 7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7521 WARD SALESMAN 7566 JONES MANAGER 7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7782 CLARK MANAGER 7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7839 KING PRESIDENT 7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7876 ADAMS CLERK 7900 JAMES CLERK 7902 FORD ANALYST 7934 MILLER CLERK PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> SQL> SQL> spool off;
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Cursor Example – Mohamed gamal course ============ SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> select * FROM DEPT; DEPTNO DNAME LOC ---------- -------------- ------------10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK 20 RESEARCH DALLAS 30 SALES CHICAGO 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON 50 a 60 b b 6 rows selected. SQL> SQL> SQL> create or replace procedure rep1 2 is 3 4 cursor zozo is select deptno , dname , loc from dept; 5 6 v1 number(5); 7 v2 varchar2(20); 8 v3 varchar2(20); 9 10 11 begin 12 open zozo; 13 14 fetch zozo into v1,v2,v3; 15 dbms_output.put_line(v1 || ' ' || v2 || ' ' || v3 ); 16 17 close zozo; 18 19 end ; 20 / Procedure created. SQL> exec rep1; 10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> ed; Wrote file afiedt.buf Oracle Complete PLSQL Reference
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1 create or replace procedure rep1 2 is 3 cursor zozo is select deptno , dname , loc from dept; 4 v1 number(5); 5 v2 varchar2(20); 6 v3 varchar2(20); 7 begin 8 open zozo; 9 for i in 1..6 loop 10 fetch zozo into v1,v2,v3; 11 dbms_output.put_line(v1 || ' ' || v2 || ' ' || v3 ); 12 end loop; 13 close zozo; 14* end ; 15 / Procedure created. SQL> exe crep1; SP2-0042: unknown command "exe crep1" - rest of line ignored. SQL> exec rep1; 10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK 20 RESEARCH DALLAS 30 SALES CHICAGO 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON 50 a 60 b b PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> ed; Wrote file afiedt.buf 1 create or replace procedure rep1 2 is 3 cursor zozo is select deptno , dname , loc from dept; 4 v1 number(5); 5 v2 varchar2(20); 6 v3 varchar2(20); 7 x number(5); 8 begin 9 select count(*) into x from dept; 10 open zozo; 11 for i in 1..x loop 12 fetch zozo into v1,v2,v3; 13 dbms_output.put_line(v1 || ' ' || v2 || ' ' || v3 ); 14 end loop; 15 close zozo; 16* end ; 17 / Procedure created. Oracle Complete PLSQL Reference
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SQL> exec rep1; 10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK 20 RESEARCH DALLAS 30 SALES CHICAGO 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON 50 a 60 b b PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> delete from dept where deptno >=50; 2 rows deleted. SQL> commit; Commit complete. SQL> exec rep1; 10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK 20 RESEARCH DALLAS 30 SALES CHICAGO 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> select * from emp; EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO ---------- ---------- --------- ---------- -------- ---------- ---------- ---------7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17/12/80 800 20 7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20/02/81 1600 300 30 7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22/02/81 1250 500 30 7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02/04/81 2975 20 7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28/09/81 1250 1400 30 7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01/05/81 2850 30 7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09/06/81 2450 10 7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19/04/87 3000 20 7839 KING PRESIDENT 17/11/81 5000 10 7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08/09/81 1500 0 30 7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23/05/87 1100 20 7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03/12/81 950 30 7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03/12/81 3000 20 7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23/01/82 1300 10 14 rows selected. SQL> create or replace procedure rep1 2 is 3 4 cursor omar is select empno , ename , job from dept; Oracle Complete PLSQL Reference
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5 6 v1 number(5); 7 v2 varchar2(20); 8 v3 varchar2(20); 9 10 11 begin 12 open omar; 13 14 fetch omar into v1,v2,v3; 15 dbms_output.put_line(v1 || ' ' || v2 || ' ' || v3 ); 16 17 close omar; 18 19 end ; 20 / Warning: Procedure created with compilation errors. SQL> show err; Errors for PROCEDURE REP1: LINE/COL ERROR -------- ----------------------------------------------------------------4/16 PL/SQL: SQL Statement ignored 4/39 PL/SQL: ORA-00904: "JOB": invalid identifier SQL> ed; Wrote file afiedt.buf 1 create or replace procedure rep1 2 is 3 cursor omar is select empno , ename , job from emp; 4 v1 number(5); 5 v2 varchar2(20); 6 v3 varchar2(20); 7 begin 8 open omar; 9 fetch omar into v1,v2,v3; 10 dbms_output.put_line(v1 || ' ' || v2 || ' ' || v3 ); 11 close omar; 12* end ; 13 / Procedure created. SQL> exec rep1; 7369 SMITH CLERK PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
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SQL> ed; Wrote file afiedt.buf 1 create or replace procedure rep1 2 is 3 cursor omar is select empno , ename , job from emp; 4 v1 number(5); 5 v2 varchar2(20); 6 v3 varchar2(20); 7 begin 8 open omar; 9 for i in 1..14 loop 10 fetch omar into v1,v2,v3; 11 dbms_output.put_line(v1 || ' ' || v2 || ' ' || v3 ); 12 end loop; 13 close omar; 14* end ; 15 / Procedure created. SQL> exec rep1; 7369 SMITH CLERK 7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7521 WARD SALESMAN 7566 JONES MANAGER 7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7782 CLARK MANAGER 7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7839 KING PRESIDENT 7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7876 ADAMS CLERK 7900 JAMES CLERK 7902 FORD ANALYST 7934 MILLER CLERK PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> ed; Wrote file afiedt.buf 1 create or replace procedure rep1 2 is 3 cursor omar is select empno , ename , job, sal from emp; 4 v1 number(5); 5 v2 varchar2(20); 6 v3 varchar2(20); 7 v4 number(5); 8 begin 9 open omar; 10 for i in 1..14 loop Oracle Complete PLSQL Reference
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11 fetch omar into v1,v2,v3, v4; 12 dbms_output.put_line(v1 || ' ' || v2 || ' ' || v3 '' || v4 ); 13 end loop; 14 close omar; 15* end ; SQL> / Warning: Procedure created with compilation errors. SQL> show err; Errors for PROCEDURE REP1: LINE/COL ERROR -------- ----------------------------------------------------------------12/52 PLS-00103: Encountered the symbol "" when expecting one of the following: . ( ) , * @ % & | = - + < / > at in is mod remainder not rem => .. or != or ~= >= at in is mod remainder not rem => .. or != or ~= >= ed; Wrote file afiedt.buf 1 create or replace procedure rep1 2 is 3 cursor omar is select empno , ename , job , sal from emp; 4 v1 number(5); 5 v2 varchar2(20); 6 v3 varchar2(20); 7 v4 number(5); 8 begin 9 open omar; 10 for i in 1..14 loop 11 fetch omar into v1,v2,v3,v4; 12 dbms_output.put_line(v1 || ' ' || v2 || ' ' || v3 ||' ' || v4 ); 13 end loop; 14 close omar; 15* end ; SQL> / Procedure created. Oracle Complete PLSQL Reference
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SQL> exec rep1; 7369 SMITH CLERK 800 7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 1600 7521 WARD SALESMAN 1250 7566 JONES MANAGER 2975 7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 1250 7698 BLAKE MANAGER 2850 7782 CLARK MANAGER 2450 7788 SCOTT ANALYST 3000 7839 KING PRESIDENT 5000 7844 TURNER SALESMAN 1500 7876 ADAMS CLERK 1100 7900 JAMES CLERK 950 7902 FORD ANALYST 3000 7934 MILLER CLERK 1300 PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> ed; Wrote file afiedt.buf 1 create or replace procedure rep1 2 is 3 cursor omar is select empno , ename , job , sal from emp order by sal desc; 4 v1 number(5); 5 v2 varchar2(20); 6 v3 varchar2(20); 7 v4 number(5); 8 begin 9 open omar; 10 for i in 1..14 loop 11 fetch omar into v1,v2,v3,v4; 12 dbms_output.put_line(v1 || ' ' || v2 || ' ' || v3 ||' ' || v4 ); 13 end loop; 14 close omar; 15* end ; SQL> / Procedure created. SQL> exec rep1; 7839 KING PRESIDENT 5000 7902 FORD ANALYST 3000 7788 SCOTT ANALYST 3000 7566 JONES MANAGER 2975 7698 BLAKE MANAGER 2850 7782 CLARK MANAGER 2450 7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 1600 7844 TURNER SALESMAN 1500 7934 MILLER CLERK 1300 7521 WARD SALESMAN 1250 7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 1250 Oracle Complete PLSQL Reference
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7876 ADAMS CLERK 1100 7900 JAMES CLERK 950 7369 SMITH CLERK 800 PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> ed; Wrote file afiedt.buf 1 create or replace procedure rep1 2 is 3 cursor omar is select empno , ename , job , sal from emp order by sal desc; 4 v1 number(5); 5 v2 varchar2(20); 6 v3 varchar2(20); 7 v4 number(5); 8 begin 9 open omar; 10 for i in 1..5 loop 11 fetch omar into v1,v2,v3,v4; 12 dbms_output.put_line(v1 || ' ' || v2 || ' ' || v3 ||' ' || v4 ); 13 end loop; 14 close omar; 15* end ; SQL> / Procedure created. SQL> exec rep1; 7839 KING PRESIDENT 5000 7902 FORD ANALYST 3000 7788 SCOTT ANALYST 3000 7566 JONES MANAGER 2975 7698 BLAKE MANAGER 2850 PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> ed; Wrote file afiedt.buf 1 create or replace procedure rep1 2 is 3 cursor omar is select empno , ename , job , sal from emp order by sal asc; 4 v1 number(5); 5 v2 varchar2(20); 6 v3 varchar2(20); 7 v4 number(5); 8 begin 9 open omar; 10 for i in 1..5 loop 11 fetch omar into v1,v2,v3,v4; 12 dbms_output.put_line(v1 || ' ' || v2 || ' ' || v3 ||' ' || v4 ); Oracle Complete PLSQL Reference
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13 end loop; 14 close omar; 15* end ; SQL> / Procedure created. SQL> exec rep1; 7369 SMITH CLERK 800 7900 JAMES CLERK 950 7876 ADAMS CLERK 1100 7521 WARD SALESMAN 1250 7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 1250 PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> ed; Wrote file afiedt.buf 1 create or replace procedure rep1 2 is 3 cursor omar is select empno , ename , job , sal from emp where deptno = 10; 4 v1 number(5); 5 v2 varchar2(20); 6 v3 varchar2(20); 7 v4 number(5); 8 begin 9 open omar; 10 for i in 1..14 loop 11 fetch omar into v1,v2,v3,v4; 12 dbms_output.put_line(v1 || ' ' || v2 || ' ' || v3 ||' ' || v4 ); 13 end loop; 14 close omar; 15* end ; SQL> / Procedure created. SQL> exec rep1; 7782 CLARK MANAGER 2450 7839 KING PRESIDENT 5000 7934 MILLER CLERK 1300 7934 MILLER CLERK 1300 7934 MILLER CLERK 1300 7934 MILLER CLERK 1300 7934 MILLER CLERK 1300 7934 MILLER CLERK 1300 7934 MILLER CLERK 1300 7934 MILLER CLERK 1300 7934 MILLER CLERK 1300 7934 MILLER CLERK 1300 7934 MILLER CLERK 1300 Oracle Complete PLSQL Reference
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7934 MILLER CLERK 1300 PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> select * from emp where deptno = 10; EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM ---------- ---------- --------- ---------- -------- ---------- ---------- ---------7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09/06/81 2450 10 7839 KING PRESIDENT 17/11/81 5000 10 7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23/01/82 1300 10 SQL> ed; Wrote file afiedt.buf 1* select * from emp where deptno = 10 SQL> SQL> SQL> create or replace procedure rep1 2 is 3 cursor omar is select empno , ename , job , sal from emp where deptno = 10; 4 v1 number(5); 5 v2 varchar2(20); 6 v3 varchar2(20); 7 v4 number(5); 8 begin 9 open omar; 10 for i in 1..14 loop 11 fetch omar into v1,v2,v3,v4; 12 dbms_output.put_line(v1 || ' ' || v2 || ' ' || v3 ||' ' || v4 ); 13 end loop; 14 close omar; 15 end ; 16 / Procedure created. SQL> ed; Wrote file afiedt.buf 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
create or replace procedure rep1 is cursor omar is select empno , ename , job , sal from emp where deptno = 10; v1 number(5); v2 varchar2(20); v3 varchar2(20); v4 number(5); begin open omar; for i in 1..3 loop fetch omar into v1,v2,v3,v4; dbms_output.put_line(v1 || ' ' || v2 || ' ' || v3 ||' ' || v4 );
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DEPTNO
13 end loop; 14 close omar; 15* end ; SQL> / Procedure created. SQL> exec rep1; 7782 CLARK MANAGER 2450 7839 KING PRESIDENT 5000 7934 MILLER CLERK 1300 PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> ed; Wrote file afiedt.buf 1 create or replace procedure rep1 2 is 3 cursor omar is select empno , ename , job , sal from emp where deptno = 10; 4 v1 number(5); 5 v2 varchar2(20); 6 v3 varchar2(20); 7 v4 number(5); 8 x number(5); 9 begin 10 select count(*) into x from emp where deptno = 10; 11 open omar; 12 for i in 1..x loop 13 fetch omar into v1,v2,v3,v4; 14 dbms_output.put_line(v1 || ' ' || v2 || ' ' || v3 ||' ' || v4 ); 15 end loop; 16 close omar; 17* end ; SQL> / Procedure created. SQL> exec rep1; 7782 CLARK MANAGER 2450 7839 KING PRESIDENT 5000 7934 MILLER CLERK 1300 PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> update emp set deptno = 10 where ename = 'FORD'; 1 row updated. SQL> commit; Commit complete. Oracle Complete PLSQL Reference
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SQL> exec rep1; 7782 CLARK MANAGER 2450 7839 KING PRESIDENT 5000 7902 FORD ANALYST 3000 7934 MILLER CLERK 1300 PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> ed; Wrote file afiedt.buf 1* commit SQL> / Commit complete. SQL> create or replace procedure rep1 2 is 3 cursor omar is select empno , ename , job , sal from emp where deptno = 10; 4 v1 number(5); 5 v2 varchar2(20); 6 v3 varchar2(20); 7 v4 number(5); 8 x number(5); 9 begin 10 select count(*) into x from emp where deptno = 10; 11 open omar; 12 for i in 1..x loop 13 fetch omar into v1,v2,v3,v4; 14 dbms_output.put_line(v1 || ' ' || v2 || ' ' || v3 ||' ' || v4 ); 15 end loop; 16 close omar; 17 end ; 18 / Procedure created. SQL> ed; Wrote file afiedt.buf 1 create or replace procedure rep1(m number) 2 is 3 cursor omar is select empno , ename , job , sal from emp where deptno = m; 4 v1 number(5); 5 v2 varchar2(20); 6 v3 varchar2(20); 7 v4 number(5); 8 x number(5); 9 begin 10 select count(*) into x from emp where deptno = m; 11 open omar; Oracle Complete PLSQL Reference
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12 for i in 1..x loop 13 fetch omar into v1,v2,v3,v4; 14 dbms_output.put_line(v1 || ' ' || v2 || ' ' || v3 ||' ' || v4 ); 15 end loop; 16 close omar; 17* end ; SQL> / Procedure created. SQL> exec rep1(10); 7782 CLARK MANAGER 2450 7839 KING PRESIDENT 5000 7902 FORD ANALYST 3000 7934 MILLER CLERK 1300 PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> exec rep1(20); 7369 SMITH CLERK 800 7566 JONES MANAGER 2975 7788 SCOTT ANALYST 3000 7876 ADAMS CLERK 1100 PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> exec rep1(30); 7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 1600 7521 WARD SALESMAN 1250 7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 1250 7698 BLAKE MANAGER 2850 7844 TURNER SALESMAN 1500 7900 JAMES CLERK 950 PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> --%ISOPEN SQL> SQL> --%FOUND SQL> SQL> --%NOT FOUND SQL> SQL> --%rowcount SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> ed; Oracle Complete PLSQL Reference
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Wrote file afiedt.buf 1 create or replace procedure rep1(m number) 2 is 3 cursor omar is select empno , ename , job , sal from emp where deptno = m; 4 v1 number(5); 5 v2 varchar2(20); 6 v3 varchar2(20); 7 v4 number(5); 8 x number(5); 9 begin 10 select count(*) into x from emp where deptno = m; 11 if NOT omar%isopen then 12 dbms_output.put_line('Cursor Omar is not opened yet . please wait '); 13 end if; 14 open omar; 15 if omar%isopen then 16 dbms_output.put_line('Cursor Omar is opened successfully .please wait to fetch '); 17 end if; 18 for i in 1..x loop 19 fetch omar into v1,v2,v3,v4; 20 dbms_output.put_line(v1 || ' ' || v2 || ' ' || v3 ||' ' || v4 ); 21 end loop; 22 close omar; 23* end ; 24 / Procedure created. SQL> exec rep1(10); Cursor Omar is not opened yet . please wait Cursor Omar is opened successfully .please wait to fetch 7782 CLARK MANAGER 2450 7839 KING PRESIDENT 5000 7902 FORD ANALYST 3000 7934 MILLER CLERK 1300 PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> ed; Wrote file afiedt.buf 1 create or replace procedure rep1(m number) 2 is 3 cursor omar is select empno , ename , job , sal from emp where deptno = m; 4 v1 number(5); 5 v2 varchar2(20); 6 v3 varchar2(20); 7 v4 number(5); 8 x number(5); 9 begin 10 select count(*) into x from emp where deptno = m; Oracle Complete PLSQL Reference
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11 if NOT omar%isopen then 12 dbms_output.put_line('Cursor Omar is not opened yet . please wait '); 13 end if; 14 open omar; 15 if omar%isopen then 16 dbms_output.put_line('Cursor Omar is opened successfully .please wait to fetch '); 17 end if; 18 for i in 1..x loop 19 fetch omar into v1,v2,v3,v4; 20 dbms_output.put_line(v1 || ' ' || v2 || ' ' || v3 ||' ' || v4 ); 21 end loop; 22 close omar; 23 dbms_output.put_line('Cursor Omar is closed . bye bye '); 24* end ; 25 / Procedure created. SQL> exec rep1(20); Cursor Omar is not opened yet . please wait Cursor Omar is opened successfully .please wait to fetch 7369 SMITH CLERK 800 7566 JONES MANAGER 2975 7788 SCOTT ANALYST 3000 7876 ADAMS CLERK 1100 Cursor Omar is closed . bye bye PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> ed; Wrote file afiedt.buf 1 create or replace procedure rep1(m number) 2 is 3 cursor omar is select empno , ename , job , sal from emp where deptno = m; 4 v1 number(5); 5 v2 varchar2(20); 6 v3 varchar2(20); 7 v4 number(5); 8 x number(5); 9 begin 10 select count(*) into x from emp where deptno = m; 11 open omar; 12 for i in 1..x loop 13 fetch omar into v1,v2,v3,v4; 14 if omar%found then 15 dbms_output.put_line('fe bayanat estana 7ageb7alak'); 16 end if; 17 dbms_output.put_line(v1 || ' ' || v2 || ' ' || v3 ||' ' || v4 ); 18 end loop; 19 close omar; 20* end ; Oracle Complete PLSQL Reference
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21 / Procedure created. SQL> exec rep1(10); fe bayanat estana 7ageb7alak 7782 CLARK MANAGER 2450 fe bayanat estana 7ageb7alak 7839 KING PRESIDENT 5000 fe bayanat estana 7ageb7alak 7902 FORD ANALYST 3000 fe bayanat estana 7ageb7alak 7934 MILLER CLERK 1300 PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> ed; Wrote file afiedt.buf 1 create or replace procedure rep1(m number) 2 is 3 cursor omar is select empno , ename , job , sal from emp where deptno = m; 4 v1 number(5); 5 v2 varchar2(20); 6 v3 varchar2(20); 7 v4 number(5); 8 x number(5); 9 begin 10 select count(*) into x from emp where deptno = m; 11 open omar; 12 for i in 1..x loop 13 fetch omar into v1,v2,v3,v4; 14 if omar%NOTfound then 15 dbms_output.put_line('mafesh bayanat mesh 7ageb7alak'); 16 end if; 17 dbms_output.put_line(v1 || ' ' || v2 || ' ' || v3 ||' ' || v4 ); 18 end loop; 19 close omar; 20* end ; SQL> / Procedure created. SQL> exec rep1(70); PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> exec rep1(40); PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> ed; Oracle Complete PLSQL Reference
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Wrote file afiedt.buf 1 create or replace procedure rep1(m number) 2 is 3 cursor omar is select empno , ename , job , sal from emp where deptno = m; 4 v1 number(5); 5 v2 varchar2(20); 6 v3 varchar2(20); 7 v4 number(5); 8 x number(5); 9 begin 10 select count(*) into x from emp where deptno = m; 11 open omar; 12 for i in 1..x+1 loop 13 fetch omar into v1,v2,v3,v4; 14 if omar%NOTfound then 15 dbms_output.put_line('mafesh bayanat mesh 7ageb7alak'); 16 end if; 17 dbms_output.put_line(v1 || ' ' || v2 || ' ' || v3 ||' ' || v4 ); 18 end loop; 19 close omar; 20* end ; SQL> / Procedure created. SQL> exec rep1(10); 7782 CLARK MANAGER 2450 7839 KING PRESIDENT 5000 7902 FORD ANALYST 3000 7934 MILLER CLERK 1300 mafesh bayanat mesh 7ageb7alak 7934 MILLER CLERK 1300 PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> select * from emp order by deptno ; EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO ---------- ---------- --------- ---------- -------- ---------- ---------- ---------7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09/06/81 2450 10 7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03/12/81 3000 10 7839 KING PRESIDENT 17/11/81 5000 10 7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23/01/82 1300 10 7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17/12/80 800 20 7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19/04/87 3000 20 7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02/04/81 2975 20 7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23/05/87 1100 20 7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20/02/81 1600 300 30 7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22/02/81 1250 500 30 7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08/09/81 1500 0 30 7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01/05/81 2850 30 Oracle Complete PLSQL Reference
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7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28/09/81 1250 7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03/12/81 950
1400 30
30
14 rows selected. SQL> create or replace procedure rep1(m number) 2 is 3 cursor omar is select empno , ename , job , sal from emp where deptno = m; 4 v1 number(5); 5 v2 varchar2(20); 6 v3 varchar2(20); 7 v4 number(5); 8 x number(5); 9 begin 10 select count(*) into x from emp where deptno = m; 11 open omar; 12 for i in 1..x+1 loop 13 fetch omar into v1,v2,v3,v4; 14 if omar%NOTfound then 15 dbms_output.put_line('mafesh bayanat mesh 7ageb7alak'); 16 end if; 17 dbms_output.put_line(v1 || ' ' || v2 || ' ' || v3 ||' ' || v4 ); 18 end loop; 19 close omar; 20 end ; 21 / Procedure created. SQL> ed; Wrote file afiedt.buf 1 create or replace procedure rep1(m number) 2 is 3 cursor omar is select empno , ename , job , sal from emp where deptno = m; 4 v1 number(5); 5 v2 varchar2(20); 6 v3 varchar2(20); 7 v4 number(5); 8 x number(5); 9 begin 10 select count(*) into x from emp where deptno = m; 11 open omar; 12 for i in 1..x+5 loop 13 fetch omar into v1,v2,v3,v4; 14 if omar%NOTfound then 15 dbms_output.put_line('mafesh bayanat mesh 7ageb7alak'); 16 end if; 17 dbms_output.put_line(v1 || ' ' || v2 || ' ' || v3 ||' ' || v4 ); 18 end loop; 19 close omar; 20* end ; Oracle Complete PLSQL Reference
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SQL> / Procedure created. SQL> exec rep1(10); 7782 CLARK MANAGER 2450 7839 KING PRESIDENT 5000 7902 FORD ANALYST 3000 7934 MILLER CLERK 1300 mafesh bayanat mesh 7ageb7alak 7934 MILLER CLERK 1300 mafesh bayanat mesh 7ageb7alak 7934 MILLER CLERK 1300 mafesh bayanat mesh 7ageb7alak 7934 MILLER CLERK 1300 mafesh bayanat mesh 7ageb7alak 7934 MILLER CLERK 1300 mafesh bayanat mesh 7ageb7alak 7934 MILLER CLERK 1300 PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> ed; Wrote file afiedt.buf 1 create or replace procedure rep1(m number) 2 is 3 cursor omar is select empno , ename , job , sal from emp where deptno = m; 4 v1 number(5); 5 v2 varchar2(20); 6 v3 varchar2(20); 7 v4 number(5); 8 x number(5); 9 begin 10 select count(*) into x from emp where deptno = m; 11 open omar; 12 for i in 1..x loop 13 fetch omar into v1,v2,v3,v4; 14 dbms_output.put_line(v1 || ' ' || v2 || ' ' || v3 ||' ' || v4 ); 15 end loop; 16 dbms_output.put_line(omar%rowcount || '' || 'records'); 17 close omar; 18* end ; SQL> / Procedure created.
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SQL> exec rep1(10); 7782 CLARK MANAGER 2450 7839 KING PRESIDENT 5000 7902 FORD ANALYST 3000 7934 MILLER CLERK 1300 4records PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> exec rep1(20); 7369 SMITH CLERK 800 7566 JONES MANAGER 2975 7788 SCOTT ANALYST 3000 7876 ADAMS CLERK 1100 4records PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> exec rep1(30); 7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 1600 7521 WARD SALESMAN 1250 7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 1250 7698 BLAKE MANAGER 2850 7844 TURNER SALESMAN 1500 7900 JAMES CLERK 950 6records PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> spool off;
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