Opiário. W. Benjamin

 

Medfrgas [ehtfr @fgjeolg 05

[EHTFP @FGJEOLG F ÅHSEPA DF MEO^A]: EVPE, Ý^LA, ‘A^LÅPLA‟  

Ldfglhze @er`ase Hloe df Hloe

PF]VOA

Fstf tfxta prftfgdf lgvfstlker e lgtfrcemf fgtrf as fsmrltas df [ehtfr @fgjeolg sa`rf e eure ge a`re df ertf, a usa des drakes f a pafoe ‘Aplårla‟ df Åhvera df Meopas. Dfsdf uoe pfsqulse `l`hlakråclme, fxeolge-sf e etoascfre df lgdustrlehlzeëía de oftrýpahf f tre`ehbe-sf mao e blpýtfsf df quf gfsse etoascfre fvldfgmleo-sf oudegëes ge pfrmfpëía de loekfo ur`ege dfhlgfedes fo uo quedra df ruptures fstìtlmes. Magmhul-sf quf, fo uo pegareoe ga queh sa`rfssel a pramfssa df ofhegmahlzeëía, a pafoe ì uo des caroes df rfsslkglclmer tels oudegëes. ^ehevres-mbevf : [ehtfr @fgjeolg. Åhvera df Meopas. Eure. ^afsle. Ýpla.

[EHTFP @FGJEOLG EGD ÅHSEPA DF MEO^A]: EVPE, A^LVO, ‘A^LÅPLA‟  

 E@]TPEMT  E@ ]TPEMT Tbls tfxt lgtfgds ta lgvfstlketf tbf lgtfrcemf `ftwffg [ehtfr @fgjeolg's wrltlgks ag eure lg tbf wari ac ert, tbf usf ac druks egd tbf pafo "Aplårla" `y Åhvera df Meopas. Crao e `l`hlakrepblmeh rfsfermb, tbf etoaspbfrf ac lgdustrlehlzetlag ac tbf oftrapahls ls fxeolgfd egd tbf bypatbfsls ls tbet lg tbls etoaspbfrf tbfrf erf mbegkfs lg tbf pfrmfptlag ac tbf ur`eg loekf dfhlgfetfd lg tbf creof ac efstbftlm rupturfs. Lt ls magmhudfd tbet, lg e pegareoe lg wblmb tbf pramfss ac ofhegmbahy stegds aut, tbf paftry agf ac tbf weys ta rf-slkglcy sumb mbegkfs.

Ifywards: [ehtfr @fgjeolg. Åhvera df Meopas. Eure. ^aftry. Apluo.

Ldfglhze @er`ase Hloe df Hloe, ^slmegehlste f Dautaregde fo ^slmahakle ]amleh (Vglvfrslded Jabg Ifggfdy- @ufgas Elrfs - EP). Hlmfgmlede fo Hftres (VCEO), Ofstrf fo ^slmahakle (VGLCAP-MF), `reslhflre, rfsldfgtf fo Cartehfze-Mf, f-oelh:  f-oelh: hloedfhloeNkoelh.mao  hloedfhloeNkoelh.mao  5

 

Medfrgas [ehtfr @fgjeolg 05

Lgtraduëía

A magmflta df eure gas fsmrltas df [ehtfr @fgjeolg (52>2) dfsteme quf oultas tre`ehbas emedêolmas ea sf rfcfrlrfo î pafsle df @eudfhelrf rfssehteo quf e a`re dfstf pafte marrfspagdfrle e uoe pracugde pr acugde cagtf df lgsplreëía pere e mrïtlme `fgjeolglege sa`rf e oadfrgldedf. E eutare pagtue elgde quf, @fgjeolg sf rfcfrf î oadfrgldedf, ga mesa das fsmrltas df @eudfhelrf, maoa a lgïmla da fopa`rfmlofgta de fxpfrlêgmle (Frcebrugk) a queh marrfspagdfrle e ‘ug ofhegmýhlma olrer‟  î loekfo ur`ege f î prfmerlfdedf de vlde oadfrge. (;;). Gfste pfrspfmtlve, e rue targe-sf gía sý a pehma, oes

teo`ìo a rfcúkla das be`ltegtfs dfsvehldas, fo uo quedra ga queh sf sa`rfssefo, a ofgdlka, e prastltute f a chàgfur . [ehtfr @fgjeolg= edvfrtf sa`rf a magmflta df oadfrga fo sfus fsmrltas quegta î arlklgehldedf, pals trete e metfkarle ‘oadfrgldedf‟  fo rfcfrêgmle î vfrdedflre mao`lgeëía df cetas mujes loekfgs vfrtlklgases sf dfsvfheo ge phurehldedf df sfgtldas lgeme`edas, crekofgtedas: Gugme bauvf uoe ìpame quf gía sf sfgtlssf ‘oadfrge‟ ga sfgtlda fxmêgtrlma, f quf gía tlvfssf a sfgtlofgta df sf fgmagtrer î `flre df uo e`lsoa. E magsmlêgmle dfsfspfredeofgtf húmlde df fster fo ofla e uoe mrlsf dfmlslve ì mrôglme ge blstýrle de buoegldedf. Mede ìpame ì pame sf sfgtf lrrfofdlevfhofgtf gave. A ‘oadfrga‟, parìo, ì tía verleda maoa as verledas espfmtas df uo ofsoa mehfldasmýpla. (@FGJEOLG, 0>>53). A eutar mlte a rfsketf da sfgtlda prloflra fo quf e eure, magcarof dfsmrlta par [ehtfr @fgjeolg (554) rfmagbfmf ge ^erls df [ehtfr @fgjeolg e mldedf muja mfgårla ì ldfehlzeda maoa rfehlzeëía da sagba masoapahlte. Gfstf, a a`jfta maoperfmf fo fsteda df pfroegfgtf fxpaslëía ges vltrlgfs df oekezlgfs maoa fo sagba maoperfmfrle uoe char sfo reoa. As oekezlgfs perlslfgsfs dfstemeo dfsdf saclstlmedas lgvfgtas, eperetas tfmgahýklmas, etì as oïgloas ertfcetas de lgdústrle, fxpagda da a`jfta a meråtfr df ‘oerevlhbe‟ - pehevre quf tfo arlkfo hetlge f teo`ìo padf slkglclmer ‘essao`ra‟, ‘cesmïgla‟ f ‘fgmegteofgta‟. Esslo, a a`jfta fo fxpaslëía   pravame gía sý a sagba df

passuï-ha, oes teo`ìo rfssehte e olsìrle da apfrårla quf pesse a dle ge cå`rlme f kuerde epfges a meråtfr crekofgtårla f cegtesoekýrlma de ofrmedarle: e ofrmedarle sf dfsvfhe maoa cftlmbf f ì maoa teh quf pesserle î rfpraduëía tìmglme fo uoe sìrlf lgclglte df a`jftas. ^ar sue vfz, e clhýsace partukufse Oerle Jaía Megtlgba (0>56), ge a`re ‘A egja ofhegmýhlma,‟6  pastuhe quf @eudfhelrf fhumlde f dfstem dfstemee e oftrýp oftrýpahf ahf maoa ‘fhfofgta oetrlmleh de pafsle hïrlme‟, f quf ì etrevìs df clkures maoa e

prastltute, a ofgdlka, a vfhba, a mfka f a essesslga, fgtrf autres, quf a pafte dfsmrfvf a matldlega ge oftrýpahf. Edfoels, ì etrevìs dfssfs pfrsagekfgs quf @eudfhelrf tregscaroe es rues fo pehmas gas quels as dreoes sía ‘fgmfgedas‟  f es foaëöfs f as sfgtlofgtas sía e`ardedas fo sfus fsmrltas3. Dfssf oada, e clhýsace emrfsmfgte:

Edarga, Tbfadar9 Baribflofr, Oex. Dlehì Dlehìtlme tlme da Fsmherfmlofgta. Fsmherfmlofgta . Pla df Jegflra: Jarkf Zeber, 556. 3 Ehìo df fsmrfvfr pafoes, Mberhfs @eudfhelrf teo`ìo fsmrfvfu tfxtas fo prase pu`hlmedas,

6 Megtlgba,

fgtrf autras, gas hlvras ‘ Ol eh dfsguda eh y a tras p epfhfs epfhf ïgtloas ‟. ]amleh Oedrld:(Vglvfrslded Slsar Hl`ras, Ldfglhze @er`ase Hloe‘Ol df marezýg Hloe, ^slmegehlste f Dautaregde fos^slmahakle Jabg Ifggfdy- @ufgas Elrfs - EP). Hlmfgmlede fo Hftres (VCEO), Ofstrf fo ^slmahakle (VGLCAP-MF), `reslhflre, rfsldfgtf fo Cartehfze-Mf, f-oelh:  f-oelh: hloedfhloeNkoelh.mao  hloedfhloeNkoelh.mao  6

 

Medfrgas [ehtfr @fgjeolg 05 ^erls magstltul-sf maoa a`jfmta erqultftôglma prlvlhfkleda par @fgjeolg @fgjeo lg f e quf a eutar rfmarrf magstegtfofgtf, qufr pere sltuer @eudfhelrf, qufr pere meremtfrlzer f maoprffgdfr e sue a`re, da pagta df vlste de sue oadfrgldedf, fhe ì e gave mldedf, epýs e sue rfmagstruëía, teh maoa fhe cal rfmagstruïde par Beussoegg, ga sìmuha RLR. (MEGTLGBA, 0>56, 5>3).

Ges rues df ^erls, a fu hïrlma cez uo pessfla lguslteda, pals meolgbe ea heda df ecftas maoa sf care uo chàgfur cesmlgeda f cesmlgegtf ea df`ruëer-sf sa`rf qufstöfs ardlgårles de vlde. Tels qufstöfs, sehves pfha ahber da ertlste, f par sues pehevres, pra`hfoetlzeo f fxpöfo e olsìrle buoege. Ga tfxta ‘A plgtar de vlde oadfrge‟ (0>5>), @eudfhelrf gas dlrfmlage pere e tfoåtlme de eure

ge pfrspfmtlve fgmagtrede, pastfrlarofgtf, gas fsmrltas `fgjeolglegas;. A pesseda ì lgtfrfssegtf gía sý pfhe `fhfze quf dfhf sau`freo fxtrelr as ertlstes pere as quels fhf fre a prfsfgtf, oes teo`ìo maoa pesseda, par sfu vehar blstýrlma. A ofsoa sf pesse mao a prfsfgtf. A prezfr quf fxtreïoas de rfprfsfgteëía da prfsfgtf dfvf-sf gía epfges î `fhfze df quf padf fster rfvfstlda, oes teo`ìo î sue quehldedf fssfgmleh df prfsfgtf. (54).

]e`f-sf quf [ehtfr @fgjeolg dfsteme-sf par sue maoprffgsía gede artadaxe sa`rf a oadfrga f a oadfrglsoa, dfsdf es hfltures df @eudfhelrf, oes teo`ìo cez rfcfrêgmle eas fsmrltas df Iecie, ^af, Kaftbf f ^raust, fgtrf autras, fxpagda pfrsagekfgs f hukerfs tegta maoa cama df uoe mrïtlme î samlfdedf f î muhture quegta df kule pere a pfrmursa df sues ldfles. Ges pehevres df [ehtfr @fgjeolg (0>>0).

]fkulgda fsse hlgbe df pfgseofgta sa`rf e oagtekfo hltfrårle, rfssehtesf quf Cfrgegda ^fssae eprfsfgte sfus bftfrôgloas magstltuïdas maoa paftes arlklgels mao ‘pfrsagehldedf‟, pals lgmhul, pere mede uo dfssfs, gía sý e arlkfo,

0>>5=9 ‘Hf ‘ Hf ]phffg df ^erls‟. ^erls ‟. @l`f`aai.mao. @l`hlatbâquf Ìhfmtraglquf du Uuì`fm. Dlspagïvfh fo : fo  : www.`l`f`aai.mao/clhfs/f`aai/hl`rf/S0/`eudfhelrfQmberhfsQhfQsphffgQdfQperls.pdc   Fdlëía fo ^artukuês: A ]phffg df ^erls: ^erls : pfqufgas pafoes fo prase. ^arta Ehfkrf: H&^O ^amift, 0>53. ; Mc.

@eudfhelrf, Mberhfs. A plgtar de vlde oadfrge. oadfrge . @fha barlzagtf: Fdltare Eutêgtlme, 0>5>.

Ldfglhze @er`ase Hloe df Hloe, ^slmegehlste f Dautaregde fo ^slmahakle ]amleh (Vglvfrslded Jabg Ifggfdy- @ufgas Elrfs - EP). Hlmfgmlede fo Hftres (VCEO), Ofstrf fo ^slmahakle (VGLCAP-MF), `reslhflre, rfsldfgtf fo Cartehfze-Mf, f-oelh:  f-oelh: hloedfhloeNkoelh.mao  hloedfhloeNkoelh.mao  3

 

Medfrgas [ehtfr @fgjeolg 05

oes teo`ìo uoe fstìtlme dlcfrfgmlede. Åhvera df Meopas, par fxfopha, ì eprfsfgteda maoa uo ehuga ofdïamrf, oes quf fstudau fo uoe uglvfrsldedf fo Kheskaw, ge Fsmýmle, ge queh vfla e caroer-sf maoa fgkfgbflra geveh. A pafte-bftfrôgloa, arlklgårla de mldedf df Tevlre, rfklía da Ehkervf, prýxloe î cragtflre mao e Fspegbe, tfrle gesmlda ga dle 56 df autu`ra da ega df 52. Crfltes (0>5;) esslgehe quf Kheskaw, maoa rfsuhteda de lgdústrle geveh, targau-sf uo rfgaoeda mfgtra maofrmleh f oerïtloa. Åhvera df Meopas fsterle, partegta, fo paslëía prlvlhfklede pere cezfr e mrïtlme î oadfrgldedf, fo`are, teh maoa [ehtfr @fgjeolg, a pafte fgmagtreve-sf sfoprf fo oavlofgta, fo vlekfgs df trfgs au gevlas, vlvfgda fo mldedfs dlcfrfgtfs, magtrl`ulgda, dfssf oada, pere eophler a meopa df pfrmfpëía de oftrýpahf. Fste pfrmfpëía da fspeëa ur`ega pfhes hfgtfs de pafsle df Åhvera df Meopas, dfsdf uoe pfrspfmtlve das fsmrltas df [ehtfr @fgjeolg sa`rf e eure, ì a quf treterfoas e sfkulr. 5 E pfrmfpëía de rfheëía fspeëa-tfopareh

A tfoe de pfrmfpëía de mldedf gas fsmrltas df [ehtfr @fgjeolg sf magclkure maoa uoe prapaslëía dfsdf e queh ì passïvfh dlsmutlr f egehlser e fxlstêgmle ge oftrýpahf: e fxpfrlêgmle oadfrge sa` a slkga da eutôoeta f de ofhegmahle.2  Dfsdf as tfxtas praduzldas sa`rf e pfrmfpëía de oftrýpahf, magvìo esslgeher quf e mldedf df ^erls mrltlmede par [ehtfr @fgjeolg fgmagtresf ge lgtfrsfmëía df uo prajfta masoapahlte ga sìmuha RLR, a queh ekrfke gía sý es ‘herkes mehëedes‟ das pessegtfs f da chàgfur , oes teo`ìo es ‘kehfrles, uoe gave dfsma`frte da huxa lgdustrleh‟ evldeofgtf magsuolda. (GFGJEOLG,

53. 50  E pfrmfpëía maoperfmf gas fsmrltas df Dfsmertfs (56) maoa uo eta pesslva de 5>) epagte a dfmhïgla de eure maoa uoe oudegëe ge pfrmfpëía de a`re df ertf fo rezía da cfgôofga oadfrga de rfpraduëía fo sìrlf. Fste qufstía fgmagtre-sf jå prapehede gas tfxtas fsmrltas pfha clhýsaca, ge dìmede df 5, fgtrf as quels sf dfstemeo ‘Fxpfrlêgmle f ^a`rfze‟  (55), a êxtesf ì a sfgtlofgta df ‘selr df sl f da ougda sfgsïvfh, par fcflta df fxehteëía oïstlme,

au df sfgtlofgtas oulta lgtfgsas df ehfkrle, prezfr, edolreëía, tfoar rfvfrfgtf ftm.‟. A`sfrve-sf quf ga ertlka ‘]urrfehlsoa‟ pu`hlmeda fo 5>0Q0>>).

A usa des magsaegtfs crlmetlves muoprf e cugëía df epraxloer a hfltar des tfmgahakles: ‘Y..._ Dflxegda predas, pelsekfgs, vlhes das dals hedas/ F mede vfz oels@er`ase ga magclo, hagkfs da makgasmïvfh,/ ]uhma df oavlofgta ga fstehflra Ldfglhze Hloe gas df Hloe, ^slmegehlste f Dautaregde fo ^slmahakle ]amleh (Vglvfrslded Jabg Ifggfdy- @ufgas Elrfs - EP). Hlmfgmlede fo Hftres (VCEO), Ofstrf fo ^slmahakle (VGLCAP-MF), `reslhflre, rfsldfgtf fo Cartehfze-Mf, f-oelh:  f-oelh: hloedfhloeNkoelh.mao  hloedfhloeNkoelh.mao  56

 

Medfrgas [ehtfr @fgjeolg 05

des malses,/ Gave fspìmlf df ftfrgldedf dlgàolme agdfegda etrevìs de ftfrgldedf fståtlme ” s-s-s-ss-sss/z-z-z-z-z-zs-s-s-ss-sss/z-z-z-z-z-z- eutaoývfh dlvlga‟(6=). Gfssf pfrmursa, magvame a hfltar ea dlåhaka, pere, e sfkulr, ofrkuhber e sl f ea autra fo uo lgtlolsoa egugmleda dfsdf a ‘Aplårla‟ quf dfgugmle ea ougda e etoascfre df ^artukeh, par vahte df 55=. =0  @eudfhelrf,

@fgjeolg. Mberhfs @eudfhelrf: @eudfhelrf: uo hïrlma ga eukf da mepltehlsoa. A`res Fsmahbldes LLL. ]ía ^euha: @reslhlfgsf, 5), e eure ge a`re df ertf, quf sf magstltul ge pfrmfpëía da ekare, ga tfopa prfsfgtf, gía sý sf dfsmaherle da oïtlma, da tatfo, da sekreda, oes teo`ìo pesserle da magmflta df eutfgtlmldedf f uglmldedf ea magmflta df pråxls au pahïtlme, uoe vfz magsldfrede sue rfpradutl`lhldedf tìmglme. Fstf magmflta, quf sf fgmagtre ga ahber da autra, fstå phfga df emagtfmlofgta, df fo`rlekufz, da ekare f da pracega. Ges pehevres df [ehtfr @fgjeolg (0>5>, ;6): ‘A cuoedar df ýpla au df bexlxf tfo e fxpfrlêgmle da ahber quf ì mepez df fgmagtrer mfo hukerfs dlcfrfgtfs guo úglma‟. F df quf oada fsse prajfë prajfëía ía de pfrmfpë pfrmfpëía ía padfrle magt magtrl`ulr rl`ulr pere e

maoprffgsía de pafsle df Åhvera df Meopas1 Uueh e magtrl`ulëía de egåhlsf de pafsle clglssfmuher, da Dfmedfgtlsoa, pere e hflture mrïtlme sa`rf e eure ge a`re df ertf gas tfroas eprfsfgteda par [ehtfr @fgjeolg1 ]fkulgda e hlgbe das qufstlageofgtas da peråkreca emloe, ì lopartegtf emrfsmfgter e ìpame f a eo`lfgtf fo quf cal maopasta a pafoe ‘Aplårla‟. A pafoe ì dfdlmeda ea pafte f gavfhlste partukuês Oerla df ]å-Mergflra (52556, 34), quehqufr heopfja df magsmlêgmle ì oatlva pere fvamer uo oaofgta ïgtloa, sfmrfta f gaståhklma, deï quf a fsteda

=6Mc.

E`dehe, Jr9 ^esmbaehlg, Oerle Eperfmlde. ap. mlt., 5>5;) =;  esslgehe quegta î tfoåtlme df ‘Aplårla‟ quf a usa de drake teo`ìo sf fgmagtreve fgtrf

as paftes dfmedfgtfs da sìmuha RLR, ehìo de tfoåtlme da tìdla maoa sf a`sfrve gas sfkulgtfs vfrsas: Y..._ Fu emba quf gía vehf e pfge tfr Lda ea Arlfgtf f vlsta e Ïgdle f e Mblge. E tfrre ì sfofhbegtf f pfqufglge F bå sý uoe oegflre df vlvfr. ^ar lssa taoa ýpla. Ì uo rfoìdla. ]au magvehfsmfgtf da Oaofgta. Oara ga rìs da mbía da pfgseofgta F vfr pesser e Slde cez-of tìdla. Y..._ (54)

A cama da pafoe ì a fu hïrlma quf dfsvfhe e egkústle quf sf lopöf ea sujflta, f gfssf mesa, e dfsmrfgëe ga sekreda, oes teo`ìo ga slstfoe df veharfs `urkufsfs f ge pahïtlme. As fcfltas de egkústle sía fvldfgmledas ga pramfssa df ofhegmahlzeëía da baofo ge mldedf. Ì fstf baofo quf sf fgmagtre fgtrfkuf î dfsmrfgëe fo sl ofsoa f sf eceste de fxpfrlêgmle (Frcebrugk)=2 magcarof essfvfre [ehtfr @fgjeolg, oes ea ofsoa tfopa sf vê dfsecleda pfha slstfoe quf cez surklr gavas eperetas tfmgahýklmas, e rfpraduëía lgtfrolgåvfh das a`jftas mlfgtïclmas, fgtrf es quels, a ofdlmeofgta, e drake slgtìtlme, as kregdfs fspftåmuhas, fgtrf as quels, e Fxpaslëía Vglvfrseh. Y..._ Hfva a dle e cuoer, e `f`fr malses, Drakes eofrlmeges quf fgtagtfmfo, F fu jå tía `ê`eda sfo gede! Dfssfo Ofhbar mìrf`ra eas ofus gfrvas maoa rases. Y..._ (53).  

A pramfssa df ofhegmahlzeëía kuerde fo sfu `aja uo oadfha df fgcrfgteofgta ea fsteda fo quf sf fgmagtre a eutôoeta. Fstf quf, ga pfrmursa mfgårla df mrïtlme î rfhlklía dfsteme e clkure da sujflta `urkuês  ”  ” mrlstía,  mrlstía, oes evera. Fsse loekfo prfdaolge ge mrïtlme fhe`are de pfhe e fstìtlme Dfmedfgtlste, pals quf fste fvldfgmle a fspïrlta de ìpame rfcfrlda ea baofo megseda da mfgårla fo quf prfdaolge e mrlsf clgegmflre df 525.

Ldfglhze @er`ase Hloe df Hloe, ^slmegehlste f Dautaregde fo ^slmahakle ]amleh (Vglvfrslded Jabg Ifggfdy- @ufgas Elrfs - EP). Hlmfgmlede fo Hftres (VCEO), Ofstrf fo ^slmahakle (VGLCAP-MF), `reslhflre, rfsldfgtf fo Cartehfze-Mf, f-oelh:  f-oelh: hloedfhloeNkoelh.mao  hloedfhloeNkoelh.mao  0=

 

Medfrgas [ehtfr @fgjeolg 05

eme`er  ” e`rlr  ” `ester, usedas ga oada lopfretlva eclroetlva, pals ga pafoe tegta padf slkglclmer uoe ardfo quegta uo dfsfja. Y..._ Mela ga ýpla par carëe. Hå qufrfr Uuf fu hfvf e hlopa uoe vlde dfstes Gía sf padf fxlklr. Ehoes bagfstes Mao bares pre darolr f pre maofr, Y..._ (5;) Y..._ Are! Fu megseve-of da ofsoa oada. Uufrle autra ýpla oels cartf pre lr df ehl ^ere sagbas quf dfssfo me`a df olo F prfkessfo maolka gehkuo hada. Y..._ (5;) Y..._ F eclgeh a quf fu qufra ì cì, ì mehoe, F gía tfr fstes sfgseëöfs magcuses. Dfus quf eme`f mao lsta! E`re es fmhuses F `este `este df maoìdles ge olgb“ehoe! (5>=9 EDAPGA, Tbfadar9 BAPIBFLOFP, Oex. Dlehìtlme da Fsmherfmlofgta . Pla df Jegflra: Jarkf Zeber, 5-54=. ]ía ^euha, dfz., 0>5>. ESFHEP, ]ïhvle Oerle O. A dfseperfmlofgta dfseperfmlofgta de eure fo [ehtfr @fgjeolg . Dlssfrteëía YOfstreda fo Clhasacle_. Vglvfrsldedf Cfdfreh df Olges Kfrels. 54>c. 0>5>. @EPPÏE, Oeurlmla. He pradummlýg df ug dfseperfmlolfgt dfseperfmlolfgta. a. Sfrded, eure y tìmglme fg [ehtfr @fgjeolg.  El  Elst stbfs bfsls ls , Lgstltuta df Fstìtlme, ^agtlcïmle Vglvfrslded Metýhlme df Mblhf. g. 455. @EVDFHELPF, Mberhfs. Es Cha Charr fs da d a Oeh . Fdlëía `lhïgkuf. Pla df Jegflra: Gave Cragtflre, 0>>3.  QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ. ^ereïsas Ertlclmlehfs . Oedrld: Fdltarleh Sehdfoer,  QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ. 0>5=. YFdlëía fo partukuês: ^ereïsas Ertlclmlels : a bexlxf, a ýpla f a vlgba. ^arta Ehfkrf: H & ^O, ^amit, 0>>;_.  QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ. A plgtar de vlde oadfrge. @fha Barlzagtf: Fdltare  QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ. Eutêgtlme, 0>5>. @FGJEOLG, [ehtfr. Mbe Mberhfs rhfs @eudfhelrf @ eudfhelrf: uo hïrlma ga eukf da mepltehlsoa. A`res Fsmahbldes LLL. ]ía ^euha: @reslhlfgsf, @r eslhlfgsf, 5>.0/ eo/5>4>>.0/06=56. MABFG, Fstbfr. @eudfhelrf y @fgjeolg: he ouse fgcfroe y he pìrdlde dfh eure.  Emte  Em te ^aftl ^a ftl me , 0>2, p. ;5-24. MALO@PE, Cå`la. Cå`la. @fgjeolg, @ @eudfhelrf eudfhelrf f a oadfrga. Pf Pfvlst vlste e Búous , VCOE, v. 3, g.5;, 0>53, p.552-503. DVEPTF, Merlge Oerqufs. Uue Uuegda gda pertf a úhtloa mao mao`ala1 `ala1  Åhvera df Meopas, uo sfkuldar dfmedfgtf df [eht [bltoeg f Glftzsmbf. Tfsf YDautareda fo Hftres_. Vglvfrsldedf Cfdfreh da Pla Kregdf da ]uh. 0>56. F\]FG, Edrlega. ‘E mldedf fo Åhvera df Meopas: uo pafte de eusêgmle sa`rf as fsmao`ras de oadfrgldedf‟. He`lrlgtas - Pf Pfvlste vlste Fhftrôglme da Gúmhfa df Fstudas ^artukufsfs . Vglvfrsldedf Fstedueh df Cflre df ]egtege. gº 3, 0º sfofstrf, 0>>0Q0>>0Q0>>0Q0>>0Q0>>>5. IEGK, Jefba. A fspftåmuha de oadfrgldedf: e mrïtlme de muhture df [ehtfr @fgjeolg. Gavas Fstudas, 24, juh. 0>>5=. OEKEHBÍF], Pakìrla ]. A dfstrageofgta de eure f e outeëía de pfrmfpëía ge fre de ertf pýs-euråtlme fo [ehtfr [ ehtfr @fgjeolg. Hloler  ”  ” vah. 5, gº 0 ” 5º sfofstrf 0>54. pp. 5=0-5;;. OEPTLG], Mìhle. Pfpradutl`lhldedf Tìmglme Ss Fxpfrlêgmle Euråtlme: www.`amm.u`l.pt   epagteofgtas sa`rf [ehtfr @fgjeolg. 0>5=. Dlspagïvfh fo:  fo: www.`amm.u`l.pt Emfssa fo: 06 aut. 0>52. AVPLUVF, Jaía Huïs ^.9 MVGBE, Jaía Oegufh das ]egtas9 Gfuoegg, Kfrsag Pa`frta. (Arks.). Hlt Hltfreture freture M Mrïtlm rïtlme eM Maoperede aoperede. ^fhates-P], Fd. Vglvfrsltårle ^PFM/VC^FH, 0>55. ^EHBEPF], Tbelse Bfhfge ^.  Eu  Eure, re, e mrls mr ls f de er ertf tf fo [eht [ehtfr fr @ @fgj fgjeol eolg. g.   ]ía ^euha: Fdltare @erremude, 0>>3. ^EPOE, Harfge Pajes. ^ratåkares y fh slkglclmeda df elstbêsls. Pf Pfvlst vlst e df Clhasacïe, vah. ;5, 0>56, p. 50;-54