Ophthalmology

Ophthalmology  Anatomy Aqueous body  – space between the cornea and the lens  Aqueous humor  – mainstains pressure in the eye  Choroid  – sandwiched between the sclera and the retina  Vitreous body  – large area between the lens and the retina; filled with a viscous, clear jelly supporting and  protecting the lens and the retina Lens  – suspended behind the iris by the zonule fibers  Macula  – part of retina used for seeing fine details  Fovea – located at the very center of the macula; a depression in the retina densely packed w/ color-sensing  cone cells Optic disc  – portion of the retina where optic nerve and blood vessels pass through the back of the eye;  Also known as the blind spot because it contains no photoreceptors Puncta  – small pores in the eyelids which drain tears from the eyes  Vernal Conjunctivitis 

Cobblestone  – elevated polygonal flat-topped giant papilla on the upper palpebral conjunctiva

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Maxwell-Lyson’s Maxwell-Lyson’s signs  – ropey tenacious discharge

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Horner Tranta’s Dots  – small white excresences on superior limbus

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Contact-Lens Associated Infiltrates  - Snowflakes-like opacities

Hordeolum - sty, abscess of Gland of Zeiss - usual cause: staphylococcal infection - Tx: warm compress, topical antibiotic ointment & oral antibiotics Chalazion - subacute/chronic inflammatory lipogranuloma of meibomian gland - Tx: warm compress, steroid injection, incision & curettage Squamous Cell Carcinoma - common location: superior eyelid Teridium - pterygium, a triangular fibrovascular connective tissue overgrowth encroaching on cornea from conjunctiva in interpalpebral fissure Rhabdomyosarcoma - most common primary malignancy o fchildhood - alveolar : most common type - exophthalmos, swelling & eyelid injection Optic nerve glioma - loss of vision, proptosis, papilledema, optic atrophy & strabismus

Meningioma - slow-growing connective tissue tumor of the dura mater - railroad tract sign on CT scan - Tx: surgery & radiotherapy

Orbital pseudotumor - pain, proptosis, swelling & lid injection of globe/lid - uveitis, scleritis, papillitis, exudative retinal detachment - Tx: corticosteroids

Retina 

16,000 feet – retinal hemorrhage can be seen in patient who ascend to this level

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Neovascularization  – pathognomonic finding of proliferative diabetic retinopathy